[HN Gopher] Estimates of plant CO2 uptake rise by nearly one third
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Estimates of plant CO2 uptake rise by nearly one third
        
       Author : akyuu
       Score  : 183 points
       Date   : 2025-01-14 12:41 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ornl.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ornl.gov)
        
       | ycombineit wrote:
       | Perfect. More fodder for the anti-science idiots to prove how
       | clean air isn't a big deal.
        
         | Mountain_Skies wrote:
         | You're angry at the good news that CO2 is being absorbed by
         | nature more than previously believed?
        
           | DoctorOetker wrote:
           | it's not good news if forests are disappearing faster than
           | being regrown.
        
           | latexr wrote:
           | That is not at all the sentiment GP is expressing.
           | 
           | Say you have a terminal disease. Doctors evaluated the
           | progression of your illness and estimated you have three
           | years to live. Of course, _when_ you begin treatment changes
           | your life expectancy: start now and you may get twenty more
           | years; start in two years and you'll only get an extra four.
           | 
           | Your insurance company says "doctors are all quacks, you're
           | not ill, they're just in it for the money" and don't pay you
           | anything. They know that's a lie and that after you die there
           | is a high probability your family will sue them out of
           | existence, but the people currently in charge hope that will
           | be far enough in the future they won't have to personally
           | worry about it. In the meantime they will enjoy the money
           | they don't pay you.
           | 
           | As the months go by, you visibly deteriorate. It's obvious
           | you _are_ sick. Your insurance maybe pays for some token
           | cheap medicine to make you more comfortable and get
           | themselves more leeway. Maybe that buys you an extra four
           | months. They'll be horrible but you will be alive and so your
           | family can't sue. They continue to be off the hook but it's
           | getting harder to escape the reality.
           | 
           | Then a new doctor comes along and says "actually we
           | overestimated the progression of your illness, you should've
           | been given five years initially". What do you think happens
           | then? Obviously the insurance company will use that as an
           | argument to further delay your treatment and double down on
           | the rhetoric that all doctors are quacks. _The damage is
           | still happening_ but the urgent action needed to stave it off
           | is once again delayed into the future.
           | 
           |  _That_ is what GP is complaining about. It's obviously good
           | news that you're not so close to death as you thought, but
           | that knowledge may end up hurting you in the long run.
        
             | bradjohnson wrote:
             | Yes, this specific messaging feels motivated by the bottom
             | lines of energy producers. The information doesn't actually
             | change what we've measured regarding progress of climate
             | change, but it's vague enough that plenty of people in the
             | comments here are confused and acting like climate change
             | isn't real after all.
        
             | timewizard wrote:
             | > Say you have a terminal disease.
             | 
             | Just because a Doctor said so? Shouldn't we do some really
             | good tests here first?
        
               | latexr wrote:
               | There's nothing in the analogy which says no tests were
               | run. You have to be arguing in _really_ bad faith to come
               | up with that one.
        
               | timewizard wrote:
               | Well then it's a flawed analogy. There is no credible
               | basis to say the planet is "dying" in same exigent sense
               | you convey with this analogy. It's particularly bad faith
               | to compare the lifespan of a Human with the imputed
               | lifespan of Earth.
        
               | latexr wrote:
               | Analogies are never perfect, they are a tool to explain
               | an idea by way of drawing _similarities_. They are not
               | meant to overlap perfectly, that would be a tautology.
               | 
               | It's not realistic to think one's family could simply sue
               | an insurance company or of existence. It's pretty obvious
               | to anyone engaging in good faith that the example is
               | making a point for humans, not attempting to be taken
               | literally by obtuse robots.
        
         | rhaps0dy wrote:
         | You said it derogatorily, but it is genuine evidence that
         | rising CO2 concentrations are have less effects than previously
         | thought. In theory there could accumulate enough evidence to
         | show anything.
        
           | mzhaase wrote:
           | That is exactly it - that's untrue. CO2 absorption was
           | previously underestimated, but that does not change the
           | rising concentration or the effect of CO2 on the climate.
        
             | argiopetech wrote:
             | But it might change what we view as a legitimate mitigation
             | strategy.
             | 
             | For example, could we burn oil at 2024's rates with 1900's
             | forests and not have net-positive CO2 levels? Back of the
             | napkin:
             | 
             | - We're producing ~37 gigatons of CO2 (GtCO2) through
             | burning of fossil fuels at the moment [0]
             | 
             | - The current forestation level is ~4 billion hectares [1]
             | 
             | - The net loss of forestation is ~1 billion hectares since
             | 1900, with deforestation rates peaking starting ~100 years
             | ago. [1]
             | 
             | - 1 petagram == 1 Gt
             | 
             | - Current forests consume 157 Gt/yr [article]
             | 
             | Therefore, the billion hectares we cut down in the past
             | century would consume an additional 157 * 0.25 == 39.25
             | GtCO2/yr if it were still standing, 2 Gt more than our
             | historical maximum global net output.
             | 
             | Obviously, the burning of fossil fuels is ultimate source
             | of the increase in CO2, but without the deforestation it
             | would still (back of the napkin) be sustainable. At least,
             | we'd not be quite so far down this road.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.statista.com/statistics/276629/global-
             | co2-emissi...
             | 
             | [1] https://ourworldindata.org/deforestation
        
           | bradjohnson wrote:
           | No. That is an entirely incorrect interpretation of the
           | study.
        
         | jasonjayr wrote:
         | You show those anti-science folks with ..... more science?
        
         | keybored wrote:
         | Selectively reporting scientific results based on how it will
         | be used for fodder (?) just fuels anti-science sentiment.
        
           | bradjohnson wrote:
           | The messaging of this article is causing people in this very
           | comment section to conclude that climate change is
           | progressing slower (or even not progressing at all) based on
           | a revision of a plant CO2 uptake study that was done in the
           | 1980s.
           | 
           | Like it or not climate science is extremely political and
           | selectively reported science (which this is) that is
           | presented to the public needs to account for the context in
           | which it exists or it is no better than propaganda. The fact
           | that the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is primarily funded by
           | the US Department of Energy is plenty of reason to be
           | suspicious of its motivations. They have a vested interest in
           | shaping the public's perception of energy production and its
           | impact on the climate.
        
             | keybored wrote:
             | So they misrepresented the findings. I stand corrected.
        
         | TaupeRanger wrote:
         | It isn't. Greenhouse emissions have remained roughly stagnant
         | for over 30 years, while lung cancer deaths have dropped by
         | 50-60 percent. Of course that's largely due to a decrease in
         | smoking, but without any concomitant increase in mortality from
         | "bad air", I don't see how anyone could think it's a "big
         | deal".
         | 
         | Sources: https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-
         | indica... https://www.lung.org/research/trends-in-lung-
         | disease/lung-ca...
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Those are two different things, though. Both linked to
           | emissions, but in different ways.
           | 
           | Also you had the wrong chart selected from that page,
           | https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-
           | indica...
        
           | jaapz wrote:
           | Are you seriously arguing that unhealthy air does not exist?
        
             | TaupeRanger wrote:
             | no, obviously not
        
         | timewizard wrote:
         | Everyone wants clean air. There is reasonable debate as to what
         | that threshold should be and what human actions should be taken
         | to improve it and this information adds to that debate.
         | 
         | If you were looking for a data point to use as a cudgel against
         | the "idiots" then you are failing in at least to known ways.
        
       | klausa wrote:
       | As I understand the article; it's not that we found out that
       | they've _started_ absorbing more CO2; it's that the previous
       | estimations were flawed and we have new, improved ones.
        
         | pmayrgundter wrote:
         | Not clear from the linked article. Did you see something else?
         | 
         | NPP is probably increasing as it's been observed for years now
         | that the earth is net greening in response to rising CO2
        
         | coffeebeqn wrote:
         | Isn't this common knowledge among plant growers anyway? Plants
         | can easily enjoy a co2 ppm of 1000+ in a greenhouse for faster
         | growth. Photosynthesis involves an exchange of co2 to oxygen
         | 
         | https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/greenhouse-
         | carbon-....
        
       | rob74 wrote:
       | "rises by nearly one third" sounds a bit strange to me, more
       | correct would be "Plant CO2 uptake is currently underestimated by
       | one third according to new research"?
       | 
       | > _The research, detailed in the journal Nature, is expected to
       | improve Earth system simulations that scientists use to predict
       | the future climate, and spotlights the importance of natural
       | carbon sequestration for greenhouse gas mitigation._
       | 
       | Too bad that we are currently doing the exact opposite (cutting
       | down more forest than is regrown)...
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | Not everywhere, between 2000 and 2020, 36 countries managed to
         | get more tree cover than they lost, so we "just" need to expand
         | this practice.
         | 
         | https://research.wri.org/gfr/forest-extent-indicators/forest...
         | 
         | > Even though the world gained 130.9 Mha of tree cover between
         | 2000 and 2020, it still lost much more, with an overall net
         | loss of 100.6 Mha. While the global numbers report a negative
         | trajectory, there are distinct regional patterns or "hotspots"
         | of net gain. At least 36 countries gained more tree cover than
         | they lost over the 20-year time period. As a continent, Europe
         | gained 6 million hectares of tree cover by 2020. Asia also had
         | a large proportion of countries with net gain, particularly in
         | Central and South Asia. The drivers of much of this gain (for
         | example, what proportion is due to intentional restoration
         | interventions versus land abandonment) are still difficult to
         | determine using the available data, but are a key area for
         | future research. Additionally, even though tree cover gain is
         | occurring in many places, it doesn't "cancel out" the impacts
         | of loss. Primary forests in particular serve as critical carbon
         | stores and support an intricate network of wildlife, none of
         | which can easily be replaced once lost.
        
           | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
           | I don't know that getting more trees than you lost is a
           | useful or effective measure against climate change. It's a
           | good thing, certainly, but I imagine the amount of carbon
           | we're pumping into the atmosphere requires more than a steady
           | state of trees. I wonder how much of the world we'd need to
           | cover with trees in order to offset our carbon production,
           | certainly more than we've had during modern civilization.
        
             | tomrod wrote:
             | Depends on where the carbon goes. Into a home? Locked up
             | for a long time. Under a cooking stove? Released.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | But does it help worrying about where we're putting logs
               | while we're burning fossil fuels? We need to plant enough
               | trees to offset all the trees we're burning, but also all
               | the gasoline, oil, and natural gas we're burning as well
               | as all the concrete we're producing. The math seems like
               | it'll never balance.
        
               | argiopetech wrote:
               | I did the back of the napkin math below:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42697255
               | 
               | Barring mistakes, it balances if we had avoided reducing
               | the planet's vegetation by 20% since 1900. So much for
               | that.
               | 
               | That's obviously not "the" solution, but it seems like
               | reducing fuel burn while increasing forestation would
               | benefit us beyond what is commonly expected.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | Interesting math, so it is mathematically possible.
               | Important to note, 1 billion hectares is just over the
               | size of all of the United States.
        
             | baq wrote:
             | Basically we need to grow trees as fast as possible, cut
             | them down and bury them deep, exactly the opposite of what
             | we're doing when mining fossil fuels. No wonder there's
             | exactly zero people doing that.
        
               | maxwell wrote:
               | https://charmindustrial.com
        
               | baq wrote:
               | Nice!
        
               | gs17 wrote:
               | Why are they focusing on making bio-oil to throw away
               | instead of biochar that has many known non-fuel uses?
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochar#Applications
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | There's been a proposal to bury them not-so-deep, but
               | saturated with salt to prevent decomposition. It's not
               | necessary to sequester the carbon forever, just on a time
               | scale for natural absorption of the CO2 into oceans and
               | then into carbonates (which is something like 100,000
               | years, IIRC).
        
               | ieidkeheb wrote:
               | So that someone in the future can discover these reserves
               | and use it as fuel?!?!!?!
        
               | vixen99 wrote:
               | No, by then it's at least conceivable that cold fusion
               | will by then be a reality. If an individual cracks this
               | problem maybe they'll offer a paper ending with a comment
               | akin to Watson & Cricks 1953 paper on DNA. "It has not
               | escaped our attention that ..." Or words to that effect.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGgovWTBoWY
               | (Hossenfelder) https://lenr-canr.org/ (Library)
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | It's wonderful how pseudoscience is a renewable resource.
               | Ghosts, then ESP, then pyramid power, and now cold
               | fusion.
        
               | abakker wrote:
               | https://www.livingcarbon.com - they actually genetically
               | engineered trees to grow faster.
        
               | Atiscant wrote:
               | Biochar is exactly doing that and is an active area of
               | research in many places. There is several ongoing
               | projects also showing that biochar can improve soil
               | quality and crop yields.
        
             | internet_points wrote:
             | https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/how-many-new-trees-would-
             | we-... says a new forest the size of New Mexico might
             | offset the US's emissions. Or not. It depends. But first
             | thing to do would be not to cut down the existing ones.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | They say it would take a forest the size of New Mexico
               | "to account for one year of American emissions" - given
               | that trees both process CO2 during respiration and act as
               | sinks when they grow, I can't tell if they'd be able to
               | offset those emissions the next year as well or if we'd
               | need a new forest.
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | We need to be building a mountain range out of diamonds.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | Can you imagine the extraterrestrial archaeologist trying
               | to explain that?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | No - stupid slow speed of light stops so many interesting
               | science fiction imaginations.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | Reality is very much a bummer.
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | Some of those interesting scifi scenarios would not be so
               | good for us.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | It's true that the speed of light prevents it from
               | actually happening, but you should still be able to
               | imagine it.
        
               | internet_points wrote:
               | The nice thing about making diamonds as opposed to coal
               | or bio-oil is that it's quite hard to burn the diamond,
               | so less chance of someone getting tempted into using
               | these enormous reserves that are just sitting there,
               | depreciating, to fuel the helicopter of their bitcoin-
               | mining luxury cruise ship or create an ultra-fast pizza
               | delivery service using rocket launchers
        
           | internet_points wrote:
           | That first map makes it seem like we had gains pretty much
           | all over the world, but it's not showing net gain, most of
           | the countries of the world had a net tree cover loss. I wish
           | it had a map showing net losses per country too - and it'd be
           | interesting to see it going back in time, many countries had
           | periods of very extensive logging during the 1800's and
           | 1900's.
        
             | _joel wrote:
             | Be interesting to go back even further, pre agriculture.
             | The world would be awash with trees.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Not really. In some places yes, but trees need specific
               | conditions to exist: there would be lots of grass land
               | and deserts too.
        
             | vasco wrote:
             | If you scroll there is indeed a map with net gain in the
             | page I shared. Direct link to the net gain map file here: h
             | ttps://research.wri.org/sites/default/files/gfr/2022-10/36%
             | ...
        
               | internet_points wrote:
               | gain yes, but not one showing the losses per country
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | Happy to be your personal google, gives me an excuse to
               | look at it again.
               | 
               | This dashboard is good for that https://www.globalforestw
               | atch.org/dashboards/global/?categor...
               | 
               | This visualization is also good:
               | https://ourworldindata.org/deforestation
        
               | internet_points wrote:
               | Thanks for these pointers, I really didn't mean for you
               | to go out looking, was just complaining a bit about the
               | presentation of that first site ;-)
               | 
               | Interestingly, the first forest watch loss (pink blob) I
               | zoomed in on there turned out to be a project initiated
               | by a local environmental organization to restore an
               | island to its original farmland (as it had been up until
               | a century ago and for centuries before) with wild sheep
               | keeping the trees down, small bushes and wide range of
               | local flowers instead of deep tree cover. And the nearest
               | "forest gain" (blue blob) was a park tree. As Yolland the
               | disenchanted mapmaker said, "Something is being eroded."
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | No worries at all :)
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | > most of the countries of the world had a net tree cover
             | loss.
             | 
             | This also doesn't really matter.
             | 
             | Russia, Canada, Brazil, the US, and China are about ~60% of
             | the world's trees.
             | 
             | Their forest areas could grow by only 2-3% and dozens of
             | small countries could lose substantial percentages of their
             | forests, and we'd still end up with a ton more trees and
             | forest area.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | What happens when the forests in those places burn down?
        
               | ASalazarMX wrote:
               | That depends on how many of them burn. A few? Doesn't
               | matter much. All? Goodbye, and thanks for all the carbon.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Depends on how they burn and what forest we are talking
               | about. A small intensity fire will leave many of the
               | healthy trees alive while burning dead ones, and will
               | turn some of the carbon into charcoal which is
               | sequestered. A larger intensity fire will also kill
               | healthy trees, and turns the carbon into CO2.
               | 
               | Many of the forests in North America need to burn every
               | year in that low intensity fire. Their seeds won't even
               | sprout until after a fire (when all the dead undergrowth
               | has been burned away thus leaving the new sprout with
               | sunlight). However this doesn't apply to all forests in
               | North America, and I know even less about other
               | countries.
               | 
               | Moral of the story: consult a forester who knows the
               | local forest before talking about anything. In many
               | places we have been badly mismanaging forests and there
               | is no nice way out. We probably do need to burn down and
               | start over with large parts of North America because of
               | all the harm decades of "Smokey the bear" have done to
               | our forests.
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | What percentage of burning down over what time scale?
        
             | geodilg wrote:
             | Forest loss data is available for the study period (2000 -
             | 2020). I've worked with this specific data source quite a
             | bit. While it's known for being the gold standard in global
             | forest loss estimation there are many countries that
             | criticize it for over estimating loss. Going back further
             | than 1985 is difficult/impossible as the estimate is
             | derived from satellite data.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | I wonder if declassified cold war spy plane photos might
               | be usable to extend the records farther back in history?
               | The resolution and coverage should be pretty good.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | They didn't take high resolution photos everywhere back
               | then. In the early satellites it used physical film they
               | recovered. And later digital storage and bandwidth was
               | expensive and they dumped any data they didn't need.
        
           | dr_dshiv wrote:
           | And it's not just trees. Ever heard of "justdiggit"?
           | 
           | They found that digging holes in the desert functionally
           | accumulates enough water to promote diverse plant life. It's
           | apparent an ancient practice. They organize groups to do it.
           | Ecological stewardship is, I hope, a key shift in mindset
           | from the current totalizing view of global warming.
           | 
           | https://justdiggit.org/
        
             | vasco wrote:
             | I didn't know about this but after several documentaries on
             | the medium to long term impact of these projects many areas
             | being more detrimental than beneficial I tend to be a bit
             | skeptical. I get particularly skeptical when the whole
             | website is geared towards taking in corporate donations
             | rather than teaching how to do it and direct action and a
             | sort of wiki of how to do it yourself as well as
             | evangelizing that.
             | 
             | I didn't spend too long on the website but this page
             | https://justdiggit.org/dig-in/farmer/start-regreening/
             | seems to be the closest to that, yet it's still no
             | instructions and just marketing. I don't want to sound too
             | negative or make a judgment call with too little
             | information but wanted to share my worries as it has become
             | all too common for grifters to take advantage of the
             | situation in a sort of partnership with huge corporation
             | leadership teams. They get free money and the leadership
             | team gets to greenwash whatever they do in their core
             | business.
             | 
             | I never researched this specific one in detail other than a
             | few minutes now, but the company I worked for previously
             | used to do this style of donations and we found a lot of
             | projects like this.
        
               | dr_dshiv wrote:
               | So take a minute to look at their impact reports and then
               | we can discuss the evidence.
               | 
               | https://justdiggit.org/wp-
               | content/uploads/2024/06/Justdiggit...
               | 
               | Sorry I shared the main link-- they are an NGO that
               | raises money, that's how it works.
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | I just find it hard to understand that if you really
               | found out digging holes has this much impact, and you
               | truly care, that you wouldn't share schematics and
               | detailed guides on how to do it in your own land, does
               | that make sense? They would of course still try to do
               | larger projects, but it just feels strange enough to
               | cause doubt for me. Sorry if it's a misjudgement.
        
               | pcrh wrote:
               | Water bunds, and other approaches to re-greening are part
               | of a United Nations-funded project. You can see other
               | examples (including instructions) at these sites:
               | 
               | https://www.decadeonrestoration.org/
               | 
               | Instructions:
               | 
               | https://amshaafrica.org/index.php/building-water-bunds-a-
               | ste...
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | Thanks for sharing, maybe I'm demanding things they
               | aren't set out to do and being too cynical.
        
               | arbitrary_name wrote:
               | Yes, that's my take of your position.
        
               | stevage wrote:
               | There is plenty of literature about the effectiveness of
               | swales and bunds. Justdiggit didn't invent them. Their
               | expertise is in mobilising communities to actually
               | implement them, and raising funds to support them.
        
             | ackbar03 wrote:
             | We should get prisoners to just randomly dig holes in the
             | sand, a shovels length in diameter
        
         | internet_points wrote:
         | Are there any good charities that buy up green land for the
         | sake of not doing anything to it? From what I've read of carbon
         | capture economics, it seems a frillion times more effective to
         | simply not chop down more forest compared to investing in
         | carbon capture (though I'm not saying we shouldn't do both)
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | Yes, the Nature Conservancy is a large nonprofit that buys
           | lands to hold in its natural state, albeit not at the scale
           | needed to offset industrial activities. They tend to focus
           | more on qualities like undisturbed ecosystems, or
           | biodiversity, than climate change.
           | 
           | And in the U.S. at least, many states have a concept of a
           | conservation easement where you get a tax advantage by
           | promising not to disturb or develop land you own. This is
           | used by some wealthy individuals to lock up a bunch of land
           | undisturbed. But again, so far it is not remotely close to
           | offsetting the overall human behaviors that are forcing
           | warming. (As evidenced by the directly measured rising CO2
           | levels and temperature anomalies.)
        
           | tfourb wrote:
           | Search for ,,rewilding". It's a popular approach in the UK
           | but you'll find projects in other countries, too.
        
           | dpcx wrote:
           | Not exactly what you're asking for, but
           | [Ecologi](https://ecologi.com/) is doing lots of work on the
           | tree-planting front, but also doing other work that helps
           | with climate change, like solar panel setups in Morocco, wind
           | farms in the US, methane emissions in Brazil, and more.
        
         | yobbo wrote:
         | > Too bad that we are currently doing the exact opposite
         | (cutting down more forest than is regrown)...
         | 
         | Carbon is captured when trees grow. Lumber binds carbon into
         | buildings and constructions.
        
           | thfuran wrote:
           | I think the subsistence farmers cutting down the Amazon are
           | doing more burning than construction.
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | It's a net negative over time if the square footage that was
           | housing a tree is replaced with grassland or a neighborhood.
           | You trade a one-time, one-tree-sized fixing event against all
           | fixing by all future generations of trees on that spot.
           | 
           | The climate math of lumber works if you're talking about
           | "productive forests" where trees are allowed to grow to
           | replace trees cut down. It doesn't work for situations when a
           | forest is cleared and not replaced, which is mostly what is
           | happening where rainforest is being cleared.
        
             | mech987876 wrote:
             | Most (all?) of the carbon sequestered by a tree that dies
             | and rots on the forest floor goes back into the atmosphere.
             | So the "fixing by all future generations" is just the same
             | carbon sink as the current 1 alive standing tree for that
             | spot of real estate.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | A tiny amount is turned to coal (often via forest fires)
               | which then isn't returned to the cycle. We are talking
               | about -0.1C over thousands of years though, if we
               | otherwise went carbon neutral - which seems unlikely for
               | the long tail of small users but if we get the major uses
               | of fossil fuels to something carbon neutral that would
               | get us very close to stopping global warming at least.
        
               | SamBam wrote:
               | Regardless, the net carbon sink of a healthy forest is
               | higher than the net carbon sink of a few houses that were
               | built in its place.
               | 
               | Simply think of the number of tons of wood in an acre of
               | forest, compared with the number of tons of wood in a
               | housing development.
               | 
               | It doesn't matter that some trees die and release their
               | carbon, other trees grow. Instead of thinking of
               | individual trees, simply think of the entire biomass of
               | the forest.
        
               | snowwrestler wrote:
               | I'm talking specifically about when trees are used for
               | lumber.
        
             | lotharcable2 wrote:
             | In the USA, at least, most the lumber for home construction
             | is farmed. We don't rely on "old growth" for much anymore.
             | 
             | Meaning the forests are kept forests and new trees are
             | planted to replace the ones that are cut down. The land the
             | trees are farmed from is kept forested because it provides
             | a income source for the owners. Also the trees tend to grow
             | much faster then they do in natural forests because things
             | like spacing out trees is optimized.
             | 
             | This is a big complaint for wood working folks, ironically.
             | Because natural grown trees grow slower the wood grain is
             | much tighter and ends up being generally higher quality.
             | Where as modern farmed wood has huge rings.
             | 
             | Although it isn't too bad because you don't use soft woods
             | much for things like furniture making. Where as
             | construction lumber is almost all soft wood.
             | 
             | So at least in the USA the ratio of grown-to-cut wood is
             | about 1.92. So we plant trees nearly 2 to 1 versus what we
             | cut down.
        
               | FloorEgg wrote:
               | I guess a tree farm (if the trees are used for
               | construction and not burning) would be significantly net
               | negative for atmospheric carbon, especially if the
               | operation was entirely powered by solar and electric?
        
           | Ma8ee wrote:
           | Old forests sequester more carbon than new ones. When you cut
           | down a tree, you leave half of it under ground, and when the
           | roots break down all that carbon is released to the
           | atmosphere.
           | 
           | It is far from straightforward whether it is better to leave
           | the forests standing or cut down and replant. The forestry
           | industry is of course claiming that a cultivated forest is
           | better for the climate. The environmentalists are claiming
           | that old forests that are left alone are better for the
           | climate and in addition better for ecological diversity.
           | 
           | I tend to believe the side whose income doesn't depend on
           | their claim.
        
             | jncfhnb wrote:
             | Sounds dubious. Most trees are not nearly 50% roots by
             | biomass. The roots that remain will get broken down, but
             | not into gases exclusively. A new tree that's growing is
             | actively capturing new carbon. Cutting down a tree won't
             | help much, but if a new tree grows where the old one was,
             | it's hard to find reasoning to suggest a net loss.
        
             | rwyinuse wrote:
             | What happens to the parts that are cut down and used is
             | what matters. If you build long-lasting houses from them,
             | then it's probably good for the climate, as long as new
             | tree is planted in its place. If you use the wood to make
             | toilet paper, then it's not so good for climate since that
             | carbon will return to the atmosphere faster.
        
             | zahlman wrote:
             | >and when the roots break down all that carbon is released
             | to the atmosphere.
             | 
             | How do you figure, exactly?
        
               | Ma8ee wrote:
               | Bacteria and other organisms "eat" the wood, and then
               | "breath" out CO2 (and sometimes methane).
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_respiration?wprov=sfti
               | 1#
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Underestimated by one quarter! A factor of 4/3 or 3/4.
        
         | rasengan wrote:
         | There are plants in the ocean that man will have trouble to cut
         | down.
         | 
         | Earth isn't the same kind of living organism as man, but it's
         | an organism just like AI isn't the same intelligence as that of
         | man's, but it is intelligence.
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | >Too bad that we are currently doing the exact opposite
         | (cutting down more forest than is regrown)...
         | 
         | Hmm, anyone has data on this? I've seen many people claiming
         | the opposite of that opposite.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Ok, we've made the estimates rise in the title above. Thanks!
        
         | deelowe wrote:
         | > Too bad that we are currently doing the exact opposite
         | (cutting down more forest than is regrown).
         | 
         | This is not true. Sustainable forestry practices have been
         | increasing forest coverage for some time now.
        
         | jamiecurle wrote:
         | At least in the UK woodland cover is increasing. It was 3% back
         | in 1900~ and today it stands at about [13%][0]. The aim in the
         | UK is to be at 15% woodland and tree coverage by 2050 - quite
         | achievable.
         | 
         | I currently teach woodland management and arboriculture (I also
         | run a weird hybrid business doing software and arboriculture)
         | in the UK and the idea that we cut down more than we plant is a
         | common misconception that I spend a lot of time (and I mean a
         | lot of time) correcting with the public and general layperson.
         | Felling trees for forestry purposes requires a felling
         | license[1], which always comes with a re-stocking clause.
         | 
         | As for urban green infrastructure (basically private and
         | municipal trees and hedges), that comes with it's own issues,
         | and there's a lot of wins to be had there but there are also
         | lots of challenges. I know the Arboricultural Association in
         | the UK are doing some great work here to advocate for finding
         | ways to retain private and municipal trees whilst managing risk
         | to the public (the main reason trees are normally removed
         | second only to "aesthetic").
         | 
         | Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) is also a thing in the UK which
         | broadly translates to ensuring that any private building works
         | or developments must now have a demonstrable positive effect on
         | local biodiversity and where that's not possible, then
         | developers can "offset" by commissioning biodiversity projects
         | elsewhere. For example, I've just taken delivery of 1200 trees
         | (oak, hazel) today, which will be planted into semi-ancient
         | woodland that I manage.
         | 
         | So basically the idea that we're cutting down forest ahead of
         | what can restock isn't accurate, in fact in the UK at least, it
         | is quite the opposite.
         | 
         | A good news story for you.
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/tools-and-
         | resources/statis....
         | 
         | [1]: unless it is a) less than five cubic metres in a twelve
         | week period (basically "thinning" woodland so that other trees
         | have room to grow / habitat improvement for priority habitats).
         | b) a private tree without a preservation order/ fruit tree, c)
         | diseased or dying or d) a suitably high risk to public safety.
        
           | PcChip wrote:
           | I heard that the major problem with replanting efforts is
           | monoculture. What are your thoughts on that?
        
             | jamiecurle wrote:
             | It depends. For forestry stock there's no real way to avoid
             | monoculture if you need a lot and you need it soon (40-60
             | years). There's much more to this answer though because
             | Phytopthora is hammering larch, Ips is hammering spruce and
             | red band needle blight is hammering pines. That's another
             | topic on itself. Broadly though, there's nothing wrong with
             | a monoculture per-se ([Pando][1], Boreal woodland) it just
             | depends on how it is managed and how well the ecology does
             | in response to it.
             | 
             | That being said, personally, I favour the continuous cover
             | approach of mixing up natives broadleaves with non-native
             | conifers as long as the site isn't ancient or semi-ancient
             | natural woodland (ASNW) or plantation on ancient woodland
             | site (PAWS). For those sites, they're too important for use
             | as a commercial forestry site and arguably the ecology
             | needs to be restored, maintained and managed. Those sites
             | are precious and should be managed properly in-line with
             | their identified [NVC identifier][2]. The one exception to
             | this is coppicing. Having a coppice on ancient sites where
             | coppicing was practised is one of the few woodland
             | management techniques that adds to ecology over all four
             | woodland layers over all time frames.
             | 
             | I never thought I'd answer that question on HN. I
             | appreciate you asking. What's your take on forestry
             | monocultures?
             | 
             | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando_(tree) [2]:
             | https://jncc.gov.uk/our-work/nvc/
        
               | yogurtboy wrote:
               | Super interesting!
               | 
               | My preconception (not a botanist) was that monocultures
               | were automatically worse for local ecologies. I wonder if
               | lumbering practices in America are similar. Obviously,
               | it's a mix of good and bad, but it would be cool to find
               | some research that suggests how we're doing.
               | 
               | I also just like an eclectic, vibrant forest, and
               | personally, monocultures ruin that vibe for me. I'm
               | pretty spoiled though, having lived much of my life in
               | heavily-wooded areas.
        
         | sharpshadow wrote:
         | I think they mean the global CO2 uptake from plants is 30%
         | higher overall not that a single plant is able to uptake 30%
         | more than the estimated before.
         | 
         | Even though more CO2 pressure in the atmosphere increases also
         | the potential uptake in a plant.
        
         | graemep wrote:
         | > Too bad that we are currently doing the exact opposite
         | (cutting down more forest than is regrown)...
         | 
         | "Plants" is not a synonym for "trees". There are grasslands
         | that are significant carbon sinks - even farmland managed in
         | the right way can be a carbon sink . The oceans (which have a
         | notable lack of trees) are a major carbon sink (although this
         | paper is not talking about this, if I understand the abstract
         | correctly).
        
       | mschuster91 wrote:
       | > Pan-tropical rainforests accounted for the biggest difference
       | between previous estimates and the new figures, a finding that
       | was corroborated by ground measurements, Gu said. The discovery
       | suggests that rainforests are a more important natural carbon
       | sink than previously estimated using satellite data.
       | 
       | And yet, we stand by on the sidelines while narco, wood and
       | cattle organized crime cartels contaminate, log and burn down the
       | rainforests.
       | 
       | IMHO, at least the endangered rainforest belts should be placed
       | under international supervision with a joint military cooperative
       | on a shoot-to-kill order against these kinds of criminals. Think
       | of an UN Blue Helmets mission, but not as a toothless "peacekeper
       | corps" like the usual useless bullshit. The very ability of Earth
       | to provide for human life hinges to a significant part on the
       | continued existence and health of the rainforest ecosystem, and
       | it is obvious now that many of the countries in which these
       | forests lie are fundamentally incapable of maintaining this
       | shared resource.
        
       | InDubioProRubio wrote:
       | Maybe we should pay for working greening efforts - aka artifical
       | algea blooms ontop of the Marianna trench.
       | 
       | Iron, phosphates, Air pumps and light transmitted into the depths
       | where the growthcube rises.
       | 
       | Have a rainforest fall into the depths forever every hour.
        
         | thehappypm wrote:
         | Every tech like this has unforeseen consequences. And they
         | could be worse than the original problem.
        
           | InDubioProRubio wrote:
           | Every problem has unforeseen benefits. Global warming reduces
           | the risk for nuclear winter when the resulting tribal
           | conflicts lead to the nuclear regional exchange dice landing
           | on that number that cant come up on repeated throws.
        
         | snowwrestler wrote:
         | There are a lot of people who think humanity will intentionally
         | geo-engineer our way out the negative effects of our accidental
         | geo-engineering. In part because it is something active that a
         | single nation could do for itself. Like, China could just
         | decide one day to do what you're saying and it's unlikely
         | anyone would start a war to stop them.
         | 
         | Seems scary because we don't actually know how to do it, and we
         | only have one planet. We could create horrible side effects
         | like killing ocean life we depend on for food, or admire (e.g.
         | whales). We also have evidence for a "snowball Earth" state at
         | times in the past. What if we overcorrect? Lots of good sci-fi
         | stories about that to chill our bones.
         | 
         | The argument against it happening is that it would be expensive
         | for that one nation, but benefits would not be proprietary.
         | Whereas building out an economy of low-carbon power generation,
         | manufacturing, and transportation creates tons of domestic
         | economic benefits like jobs, trade, profits.
        
           | mzhaase wrote:
           | We have already geoengineered the temperature to be 0.2-0.4 C
           | lower by container ships emitting SO2. We have also observed
           | this a lot from volcanic eruptions. We should really at least
           | try.
        
         | thrance wrote:
         | I thought seeding the oceans with iron was already attempted on
         | a small scale experiment and showed unsatisfying results?
         | 
         | Also you probably would want to preserve the Mariana Trench
         | ecosystem, some unique species live there.
        
       | Prunkton wrote:
       | >used new models and measurements to assess GPP from the land at
       | 157 petagrams of carbon per year, up from an estimate of 120
       | petagrams established 40 years ago and currently used in most
       | estimates of Earth's carbon cycle
       | 
       | >One petagram equals 1 billion metric tons, which is roughly the
       | amount of CO2 emitted each year from 238 million gas-powered
       | passenger vehicles.
       | 
       | this sounds pretty significant. Any particular reason why it
       | hasn't been updated for the last 40y?
        
         | baq wrote:
         | Impressive, yes. Important? Absolutely. Significant? Not
         | really.
         | 
         | https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/
        
       | IvanK_net wrote:
       | We could plant, cut down and burn trees for the energy, in a
       | circle, and keep carbon levels in our atmosphere the same,
       | instead of digging up new carbon from the ground and burning it.
       | We will have to bury carbon back under the ground at some point.
        
         | voisin wrote:
         | > We will have to bury carbon back under the ground at some
         | point.
         | 
         | Location doesn't matter. Duration of storage matters. If we
         | could find a way to lock it up in a building material that
         | would be effective and useful.
        
           | gs17 wrote:
           | It's not exactly turning CO2 into bricks, but there's a few
           | applications of biochar as an additive to improve concrete,
           | asphalt, particleboard, etc.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | This consumes _far_ more land area than we have available.
         | 
         | The first blast furnaces were indeed fuelled this way, from
         | locally sourced charcoal, but coal/coke took over due to
         | requiring far less effort (energy!) to extract.
         | 
         | Going by https://www.drax.com/uk/sustainability/sustainable-
         | bioenergy... , the UK's single large scale biomass power plant
         | is fuelled by over sixteen million hectares (160,000km^2) or
         | approximately one Wisconsin. If we wanted to power the whole UK
         | electricity from biomass, we'd need ten Wisconsins. (Wisconsin,
         | presumably, would have to find some other source of power in
         | this scenario)
         | 
         | (of course, Drax wasn't built to burn imported biomass, it was
         | built to burn locally extracted coal ...)
        
           | OtherShrezzing wrote:
           | Drax uses about 12,000km^2, not 160,000km^2.
           | 
           | A slightly more useful land area is the United Kingdom
           | itself, which is 243,000km^2. With this technique, it takes
           | an area 1/19th the size of the UK to produce 4% of its
           | energy.
           | 
           | This isn't a feasible approach to energy production, but it's
           | an order of magnitude less bad than your figures have put
           | forward.
        
         | nubinetwork wrote:
         | Trees take too long to grow relative to how much is used in
         | construction, let alone if it were used as a fuel vs coal.
        
         | bmacho wrote:
         | Yes. That's what my view is. If we cut down the trees, and burn
         | them, we'll have the same level of C atoms in the atmosphere.
         | If we keep using gas and oil coming under the ground, the
         | number of C atoms will keep increasing.
         | 
         | Although I am not exactly sure about the ratio of the C atoms
         | stored in the atmosphere, and C stored in trees, houses, but it
         | seems to me the Logical move that we should stop getting gas
         | and petrol from under the ground and start using trees and
         | other plants instead.
        
       | FrustratedMonky wrote:
       | If trees are doing more work then we estimated in simulations,
       | then good/bad, as we cut down forest we are doing more damage.
       | 
       | But also, since trees do more work than we thought, then planting
       | more will have bigger impact than past estimates.
        
         | highcountess wrote:
         | That's correct, but there is also something else, NASA has
         | argued that their satellite imagery has shown an increase in
         | the planet's plant coverage as CO2 has increased, since to
         | plants, CO2 is what not just oxygen is to us, but also in many
         | ways like nourishment by absorbing the carbon from the air,
         | which they use to grow.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Plants are generally not CO2 limited. General water is the
           | limit - thus deserts are not very green despite having as
           | much CO2. Even in wet climate a few weeks without rain and
           | the plants are going dormant.
           | 
           | In the ocean the limit is often other nutrients like iron.
           | Attempts have been made to add iron to the ocean and those
           | areas suddenly turned green (though it is not clear how
           | sustainable this practice would be, nor if there might be
           | other unknown negatives).
           | 
           | That isn't to say CO2 is never the limit. Large greenhouses
           | often are CO2 limited (often burning fossil fuels indoors to
           | provide the CO2 without opening windows and thus letting
           | something else undesired in). There are no doubt areas where
           | CO2 is the limit and so NASA can see more green that is
           | attributed to more CO2 - but still CO2 is rarely the limiting
           | factor.
        
       | adamors wrote:
       | Interesting that a couple of months ago there was an article
       | which stated the exact opposite:
       | 
       | > In 2023, the hottest year ever recorded, preliminary findings
       | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.12447 by an international team of
       | researchers show the amount of carbon absorbed by land has
       | temporarily collapsed. The final result was that forest, plants
       | and soil - as a net category - absorbed almost no carbon.
       | 
       | > "We're seeing cracks in the resilience of the Earth's systems.
       | We're seeing massive cracks on land - terrestrial ecosystems are
       | losing their carbon store and carbon uptake capacity, but the
       | oceans are also showing signs of instability," Johan Rockstrom,
       | director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research,
       | told an event at New York Climate Week in September.
       | 
       | > "Nature has so far balanced our abuse. This is coming to an
       | end," he said.
       | 
       | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/oct/14/nature-c...
        
         | carrychains wrote:
         | That's not the opposite. It's different context.
        
         | gvx wrote:
         | Not exactly. The headline is a bit misleading imho: the article
         | doesn't say that CO2 uptake by plants is up by 31%, rather that
         | new estimates of the CO2 uptake by plants is 31% higher than
         | previous estimates. That doesn't preclude a temporary collapse
         | of carbon absorption (related mostly to forest fires as far as
         | I can tell).
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | > related mostly to forest fires as far as I can tell
           | 
           | Just trying to parse this - does that mean "a collapse in
           | carbon absorption" actually means "more carbon was produced
           | for the same amount of absorption"?
        
       | Earw0rm wrote:
       | It's a useful datapoint in understanding the Earth's carbon
       | cycle, but that's all - and it in no way changes the fact that
       | the sum total of current human activity is dragging that cycle
       | out of equilibrium by about 2.5-3ppm per year, or 8-10%ish per
       | decade.
        
       | werdnapk wrote:
       | I thought I'd read in the past that an uptake in C02 for
       | plants/trees (and therefore faster growing) results in a weaker
       | structure which doesn't stand up to the environment as well as
       | slower growing trees.
        
       | jiehong wrote:
       | We know that soils seem to absorb less carbon as plant absorb
       | more [0].
       | 
       | It's fascinating to see all those studies improving our limited
       | understanding of the biosphere.
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03306-8
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Too bad we are currently too busy scaling up wars all over the
       | place to bother with the planet state.
        
       | gitaarik wrote:
       | > Plants the world over are absorbing about 31% more carbon
       | dioxide than previously thought, according to a new assessment
       | developed by scientists.
       | 
       | So that means our supposed CO2 problem is 31% smaller than we
       | previously thought?
        
         | thehappypm wrote:
         | Sadly not, because most carbon is absorbed by the ocean, not
         | plants. And second because all of the nasty warming trends are
         | still out there
        
           | gitaarik wrote:
           | Or this statistic means that actually much more oxygen is
           | converted by plants compared to being processed by the ocean?
           | 
           | So it means planting extra plants to fight CO2 is much more
           | effective than previously thought?
        
         | Flozzin wrote:
         | I would say no. We still have data on our year to year/decade
         | to decade C02 in the atmosphere. So we can track how quickly
         | it's rising. Those data points would already include any error
         | we have in how much C02 is absorbed or created.
        
         | teamonkey wrote:
         | No, the atmospheric CO2 measurements are unaffected by this. We
         | definitely have a CO2 problem _despite_ plants being more
         | effective at extracting it than previously thought.
         | 
         | Another way of looking at it is that planting trees may be more
         | effective at removing CO2 than previously thought, and
         | deforestation somewhat more harmful.
        
           | gitaarik wrote:
           | Well, wouldn't it be correct to say that now, with the new
           | numbers, CO2 uptake of plants will be 31% more than
           | previously thought? So every coming year, there will be 31%
           | more CO2 converted into oxygen than previously thought?
        
             | mzhaase wrote:
             | That just means that CO2 emissions are actually higher than
             | previously thought. We directly measure atmospheric CO2.
        
         | OtherShrezzing wrote:
         | Previously we believed that ocean, wetlands, soil, and
         | geological activity absorb about 75% of the CO2. Plants account
         | for around 25% of the carbon absorption.
         | 
         | The research doesn't indicate that more carbon in total is
         | absorbed than we thought - we've got a pretty solid
         | understanding of the total carbon absorption capacity, because
         | we measure it directly, rather than model it. It indicates that
         | a larger proportion of the carbon absorption comes from plants
         | than we thought (around 33%, instead of 25%), with the other
         | sources taking on proportionally less of the absorption.
         | 
         | This research will allow us to more accurately model how land
         | use impacts CO2 though, and will likely put a higher premium on
         | protecting plant life in any carbon assessments.
        
           | gitaarik wrote:
           | Aha, yeah that makes sense. But I can't really see that in
           | the article.
        
         | bradjohnson wrote:
         | > supposed CO2 problem
         | 
         | No. This study has changed precisely nothing about how we
         | measure CO2 in the atmosphere. Or climate change in general.
        
       | eggy wrote:
       | If it has been underestimated then that means climate models have
       | been using the bad, underestimated data, so they need to be
       | updated and run to see where we are at, corrrect?
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | No because we aren't reliant on a model of atmospheric CO2
         | concentration. We directly measure it.
        
           | wiz21c wrote:
           | You measure the past, but you don't measure the future, right
           | ?
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | Right, this new estimate can be useful for decision
             | support: if we plant X acres, how much CO2 would it absorb?
             | It's not very important outside of that, and it cant have
             | caused significant past errors because to date humans have
             | not undertaken large-scale planting for CO2 absorption
             | reasons.
        
               | akoboldfrying wrote:
               | >It's not very important outside of that,
               | 
               | It's not very important outside of _predicting the future
               | of the climate accurately_.
               | 
               | That's not the kind of thing I'd write "It's not very
               | important outside of" before. This "mere" prediction and
               | decision support is the reason we fund the sciences.
        
               | eggy wrote:
               | Several countries have implemented large-scale planting
               | efforts: China, Ethiopia, India, Brazil, Australia,
               | Pakistan, and Turkey to name a few. In 2019, Ethiopia
               | claimed to have planted over 350 million trees in a
               | single day as part of a broader initiative to plant 4
               | billion trees within a year to fight climate change.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | I assume they mean for things like offsetting programmes,
           | predicting the continuing trend and effect of governments
           | deciding to plant more/less, etc.
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | Yes because the models attempt to model feedback loops like
           | the albedo difference created by greenery, the CO2 dampening
           | effect of photosynthesis, the water content of the air and
           | how that's affected by trees and so on.
           | 
           | Bear in mind, ESMs aren't trying to predict future CO2
           | levels. They're trying to predict future weather based on the
           | effects of higher CO2, and vegetation is a part of that.
        
           | akoboldfrying wrote:
           | Don't we need models to make predictions about the future?
        
           | elzbardico wrote:
           | Expected future CO2 concentration are a parameter for the
           | climate models, and are generated by themselves by other
           | models with different set of inputs accounting for a series
           | of natural and socio-economic variables.
        
         | bradjohnson wrote:
         | No. Climate scientists did not base all of their current models
         | on a 1980 study about how much CO2 trees can technically
         | absorb.
        
           | akoboldfrying wrote:
           | That's a straw man.
           | 
           | I expect climate models contain a lot of parameters that
           | aren't related to plant uptake of CO2, and some that are. I
           | expect that, until now, the latter _have been_ based on the
           | 1980 study, because otherwise this latest result would not be
           | news.
           | 
           | I also expect that the contribution of plant CO2 uptake is a
           | large factor in these models, so a significant change like
           | this will potentially have a significant effect on
           | predictions.
           | 
           | Are any of these expectations wrong? If so, which ones?
        
       | myrmidon wrote:
       | This is interesting to know, but easy to overstate IMO.
       | 
       | Back of the envelope number is 10 kg of CO2 absorbed per maturing
       | tree and year (for ~20 years).
       | 
       | This means you would need to plant almost 1000 trees for each
       | person (assuming roughly US/EU emission level) to compensate for
       | current emissions only, every 20 years. That just seems
       | infeasible to me, and a factor of 30% is not gonna change this
       | significantly.
       | 
       | Renewables + electrification seems much more realistic, when
       | countries like France are already under 5 tons CO2/year/person by
       | relying on carbon-free electricity (US is at 15!).
       | 
       | But it's still nice to know because at least planting/conserving
       | trees apparently helps even more than expected...
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | > This means you would need to plant almost 1000 trees for each
         | person (assuming roughly US/EU emission level) to compensate
         | for current emissions only, every 20 years. That just seems
         | infeasible to me
         | 
         | That's 50 trees each year for each person, or, in the USA,
         | about 17 billion trees, for a total new forest of 340 billion
         | trees.
         | 
         | https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/20...
         | says the USA has about 280 billion trees, so we'd 'only' have
         | to grow that by 120%. That would grow forest in the USA from
         | about 33% to about 75% of land area.
         | 
         | Infeasible, but not completely impossible, I would think, from
         | a 'could we do it?' viewpoint. 'Is there a decent chance we'll
         | do that?' probably has the answer "no", though. For the USA, I
         | guess cutting combining forestation with decreasing energy
         | usage would be the easier option.
        
           | myrmidon wrote:
           | Thats an even bigger area than I imagined... Another big
           | problem is that we'd have to grow those forests again after
           | 20 years, because mature trees stop being a CO2 sink.
           | 
           | The numbers/ratios should be even worse for Europe where the
           | population density is higher. But I can totally see the
           | approach working _after_ scaling CO2 emissions down.
           | 
           | I think going over single digit percentages of land area in
           | forestation levels is already politically almost impossible--
           | agriculture alone is gonna meet any such attempt with
           | ridicule at best and copious amounts of buckshot at worst...
        
         | p0w3n3d wrote:
         | there are also organisms in water:
         | 
         | > On a global scale, oceans and other water bodies absorb
         | approximately 25-30% of the CO2 emitted by human activities
         | each year. This absorption occurs primarily through two
         | mechanisms:
         | 
         | > - Physical Dissolution: CO2 dissolves in water and reacts to
         | form carbonic acid, bicarbonate, and carbonate ions.
         | 
         | > - Biological Processes: Aquatic organisms, especially
         | photosynthetic ones, play a significant role in capturing and
         | sequestering CO2.
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | It feels like we can never catch a break. If we do something like
       | underestimate the amount of CO2 plants absorb it still does
       | nothing to change our fate.
       | 
       | Is there _anything_ in our climate models that if we got wrong
       | would drastically reduce the estimated severity of long term
       | impacts from climate?
        
         | thrance wrote:
         | The trend is what it is, our models only allow us to explain
         | why it is that way and what can be done about it.
        
         | akoboldfrying wrote:
         | We don't ever actually know if _any_ model is accurate -- that
         | is, whether it actually models the underlying physical process.
         | We just have a lot of models that have made predictions about
         | the future that turned out to be more or less correct, much
         | more often that you 'd expect by chance, and so we develop
         | trust in that _correspondence_ with reality over time.
         | 
         | It's possible that our current climate models are wrong, by a
         | little or a lot. It's also possible that General Relativity is
         | wrong -- gravity might stop at this time tomorrow.
         | 
         | If you're interested, this issue is called the Problem of
         | Induction in philosophy. (Confusingly, "induction" has a
         | different meaning here than in mathematical induction.)
        
       | AtlasBarfed wrote:
       | Ah the greening earth FUD spread by big oil circa 2000s
       | 
       | HN is playing all the greatest hits of denialism this week!
        
       | highwayman47 wrote:
       | CO2 is food for plants
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | And also a poison for them -- just as oxygen is both of those
         | things for us. (If oxygen isn't even a metaphorical food for
         | us, then neither is CO2 for plants).
         | 
         | Unfortunately, "food" is more complex than "how much
         | carbohydrates do you get per day?"
        
           | coffeebeqn wrote:
           | We still have ways to go to that. From the current 400 ppm to
           | about 2000ppm before the apocalypse. Until then the yields
           | will generally improve from today's baseline. There might be
           | other systems that break before that and we get plantocalypse
           | earlier
        
         | timeon wrote:
         | And your point is?
        
           | rad_gruchalski wrote:
           | Apparently the more of it there is, the more they eat. It's
           | called "an implication", or "logical consequence".
        
       | newsclues wrote:
       | So perhaps the alarmist climate models were incorrect and most be
       | corrected before they are used to shape public policy?
        
         | bradjohnson wrote:
         | No. This changes nothing about climate models.
        
       | Terr_ wrote:
       | Unfortunately this doesn't mean much for the practical problem,
       | because most of that uptake is is dumped into the atmosphere
       | again when the plant dies and rots.
       | 
       | It's like we've got a bathtub where the water level is rising,
       | because we won't turn off the tap and the drain is only so big.
       | We can lower the apparent water-level by throwing in a bunch of
       | plant-sponges, but we can't just keep adding more indefinitely.
        
         | akoboldfrying wrote:
         | >because most of that uptake is is dumped into the atmosphere
         | again when the plant dies and rots.
         | 
         | If that's true, there would seem to be no benefit to the
         | climate in preserving or regenerating forests.
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | Correct, in the long-term. Like how a temporary loan is
           | somewhat wasted if the breathing-room it generates is only
           | used to delay fixing the budget shortfall.
           | 
           | https://kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu/commentary/blog/why-
           | tempora...
        
       | narrator wrote:
       | Ok guys, this climate change stuff is temporarily off the menu
       | until we win the great power AI war with China. Same goes for
       | nuclear power. Send the memo out that we love nuclear power now
       | after 40 years of hating it.[1]
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.ft.com/content/96aa8d1a-bbf1-4b35-8680-d1fef36ef...
        
         | thrance wrote:
         | Climate change stuff is off the menu until Americans elect a
         | president that actually believes in climate change.
         | 
         | There is no "power AI war with China", this is just another
         | pretext from the GOP to fuel the extraction industry with
         | public money, and "drill, baby, drill".
        
           | narrator wrote:
           | What about the nuclear power stuff though? That was a Biden
           | initiative and a huge reversal of the past 40 years of
           | Democratic Party policy. Just seems like things are moving in
           | energy policy.
        
             | thrance wrote:
             | It's too little, too late, but I'll still take it. However
             | I still have a hard time believing banks and other private
             | actors will go through funding 20+ years projects like
             | nuclear reactors in today's short-termist economy.
        
       | casenmgreen wrote:
       | This kind of change is deeply worrying, because on the face of
       | it, it implies means estimates of climate change are potentially
       | rather unsound - such large changes in mechanisms central to
       | change - and so climate change could be much worse than we
       | expect.
       | 
       | If climate change isn't so bad, then phew, but if it's actually
       | _worse_ , then we are in even more deadly trouble than we already
       | are.
        
       | muth02446 wrote:
       | What does that mean for all the existing simulations that use the
       | "wrong" values?
       | 
       | BTW: are there any open source climate models/simulations?
        
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