[HN Gopher] Two auto-braking systems can't see people in reflect...
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       Two auto-braking systems can't see people in reflective garb:
       report
        
       Author : Kye
       Score  : 41 points
       Date   : 2025-01-14 20:35 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (usa.streetsblog.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (usa.streetsblog.org)
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | I'm fascinated with weird cameras and noticed that the #1
       | requirement of automotive cameras is the ability to deal with
       | extreme variations in brightness both between frames and within a
       | frame.
       | 
       | For one thing I'd be worried that retroreflective tape could be
       | crazy bright in the dark and could blow out the cameras.
        
         | AlotOfReading wrote:
         | The processing pipeline is just as important as the camera
         | hardware here. It's difficult to build an appropriate system by
         | gluing together off the shelf software and many people writing
         | automotive requirements aren't even aware of the failure modes.
         | When it goes to the tier ones, they'll just throw things
         | together until it meets the requirements and nothing more.
         | 
         | I've caught (and fixed) this issue before at my own employers.
        
         | ahartmetz wrote:
         | The instantaneous "HDR" capability of biological eyes is really
         | quite amazing. About 5 orders of magnitude for human eyes,
         | about 2-3 for most cameras.
         | 
         | By the way, there's a really cool in its simplicity medium term
         | adaptation mechanism in eyes as well, they measure light
         | intensity by photo-decay of a chemical substance that is
         | produced slowly. If there is much light, the substance decays a
         | short time after production. If there is little light, it
         | accumulates for about half a minute, massively increasing
         | sensitivity. The quantum efficiency (the inverse of how many
         | photons it takes to produce a signal) of a dark-adapted eye is
         | about 0.3: https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12172#MOESM482
        
       | bigfatkitten wrote:
       | > with a reflective strips in a configuration similar to those
       | worn by roadway workers (though their safety gear is generally
       | bright orange or yellow rather than black).
       | 
       | But similar enough to turnout gear worn by many North American
       | fire departments.
        
       | bentcorner wrote:
       | The Honda and Mazda both use a single camera to visually detect
       | pedestrians while the Subaru uses two cameras - perhaps this is
       | the difference?
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | My Subaru also has radar. It's noticed things ahead of my in
         | whiteout conditions that my eyes couldn't yet discern.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | Honda Sensing also includes a radar.
        
       | aidenn0 wrote:
       | If I'm reading the table correctly, there was only one vehicle
       | for which reflective strips were worse than normal clothing (the
       | Mazda), for the Honda reflective strips didn't always help but
       | don't seem to have hurt (judging by the body text they did on the
       | order of 12 tests, so 9% vs 0% is 1/12 vs 0/12).
        
         | pfedak wrote:
         | you're reading the table correctly but it's been reproduced
         | incorrectly and had its title removed from the original source
         | https://www.iihs.org/news/detail/high-visibility-clothing-ma...
         | 
         | i'm not clear from that how many trials were run for each test
         | condition, but the percentage is average speed reduction, not a
         | chance for binary hit/not hit. edit: the paper pdf says up to
         | three trials each.
        
         | Aloisius wrote:
         | From the IIHS article, it appears that reflective strips were
         | worse for all three vehicles.
         | 
         | The average speed reduction for black or white clothing was
         | higher than reflective strips with low beams for the Honda at
         | 10 and 20 lux; the Mazda at 10, 20 and 30 lux; and the Subaru
         | at 10 lux.
         | 
         | (all cases), than either black or white clothing
        
       | thorncorona wrote:
       | If you want the unsummarized source and not the chatgpt
       | summarized version:
       | 
       | https://www.iihs.org/news/detail/high-visibility-clothing-ma...
        
         | pfedak wrote:
         | the chart in the streetsblog article puts some values in the
         | wrong boxes, too. pathetic
        
       | throwaway48476 wrote:
       | If the goal is to be safer than a human driver then it will
       | require better than human sensors, such as lidar. Camera only
       | approaches will not stand the test of time.
        
         | thebruce87m wrote:
         | > If the goal is to be safer than a human driver then it will
         | require better than human sensors, such as lidar.
         | 
         | Having the same sensors as a human but being more attentive
         | would be a step up. That said, I think camera-only is not good
         | enough for now.
        
         | toss1 wrote:
         | Yup.
         | 
         | The concept that biological systems have made 3D vision,
         | navigation, and object avoidance work without LIDAR is
         | certainly attractive.
         | 
         | But there is a _LOT_ more to it than just a photosensor and a
         | bunch of calculations. The sensors themselves have many
         | properties unmatched by cameras, including wider dynamic range,
         | processing in the retina and optic nerve itself, and more, and
         | the intelligence attached to every biological eye also is built
         | upon a body that moves in 3D space, so has a LOT of alternate
         | sensory input to fuse into an internal 3D model and processing
         | space. We are nowhere near being able to replicate that.
         | 
         | The more appropriate analogy would be the wheel or powered
         | fixed wing aircraft. Yes, we're finally _starting_ to be able
         | to build walking robots and wing-flapping aircraft, and those
         | may ultimately be the best solution for many things. But, in
         | the meantime, the  'artificial' solution of wheels and fixed
         | airfoils gets us much further.
         | 
         | Ultimately, camera-only vision systems will likely be the best
         | solution, but until then, integrating LIDAR will get us much
         | further.
        
       | Veserv wrote:
       | Very likely a case of tuning to the standard safety tests.
       | 
       | The gold standard for standardized AEB testing is in the Euro
       | NCAP. You can see the testing protocol [1] explicitly specifies
       | [2] a fixed size human adult with black hair, black shirt, blue
       | pants with a precise visible, infrared, and radar cross-section.
       | I lack sufficient knowledge to comment on whether those
       | characteristics are representative, but I will assume that they
       | are.
       | 
       | While precise test characteristics are valuable for test
       | reproduction and comparative analysis, it makes it very easy for
       | manufacturers to overfit and make their systems seem safer than
       | they actually are in generalized circumstances whether
       | accidentally or intentionally.
       | 
       | [1] https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/58226/euro-ncap-aeb-vru-
       | test-...
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://www.acea.auto/files/Articulated_Pedestrian_Target_Sp...
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | There's no penalty if they get it wrong and kill someone.
       | 
       | No exec that killed the spending on better/more sensors for more
       | profit will be punished, certainly not jail.
       | 
       | No coder or their manager that missed any bug will be punished or
       | go to jail.
       | 
       | So why would they even worry about it? One less thing.
        
       | thesz wrote:
       | Why are there no European, American and/or Chinese vehicles to
       | compare to?
       | 
       | https://www.carpro.com/blog/almost-all-new-vehicles-have-aut...
       | 
       | Why only those three?
        
       | numpad0 wrote:
       | [delayed]
        
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       (page generated 2025-01-14 23:00 UTC)