[HN Gopher] If we had the best product engineering organization,...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       If we had the best product engineering organization, what would it
       look like?
        
       Author : kiyanwang
       Score  : 199 points
       Date   : 2025-01-12 19:27 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.jamesshore.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.jamesshore.com)
        
       | lubujackson wrote:
       | What an amazing article on "de-FAANGing" the perverse
       | org/incentive structure of most startup/tech places. Would love
       | to see more of this type of leadership in the real world.
        
         | adastra22 wrote:
         | The recent book The NVIDIA Way is about that org's culture that
         | prevent FAANG incentives from creeping in to destroy
         | productivity.
        
         | Sevii wrote:
         | I like how he says he doesn't need FAANG level people. Then his
         | next paragraph describes working at FAANG.
         | 
         | "We're an inverted organization. That means that tactical
         | decisions are made by the people who are doing the work, not
         | managers. (In theory, anyway, we're not perfect.) So we're
         | looking for people who have peer leadership skills, who are
         | great at teamwork, who will take ownership and make decisions
         | on their own."
        
           | holografix wrote:
           | Exactly right. People who have "leadership" skills are the
           | ones that pay attention to their own leadership and are
           | manage up more than anything else.
           | 
           | They usually repackage people's work around them into their
           | own, take ownership and defend loudly their territory
           | (project ownership) and methodically build relationships with
           | leadership. Having "leadership skills" and being good a team
           | work are often orthogonal to each other.
        
             | khazhoux wrote:
             | > People who have "leadership" skills are the ones that pay
             | attention to their own leadership and are manage up more
             | than anything else.
             | 
             | No, it's actually people who can put together a technical
             | plan and drive its execution with other engineers, or who
             | can clarify complex problems esp. when there are
             | conflicting opinions, or who can see problems before they
             | become disasters and organize the right group of people to
             | take care of it...
             | 
             | There are many examples of leadership, which have nothing
             | to do with the sour view of managing-up or taking credit
             | for others' work.
        
             | noirbot wrote:
             | I mean, that's the sour way to put it. As someone kinda
             | stuck in that sort of position now, I own a project and
             | have been able to do very little of the work _because_ I 'm
             | spending 90% of my time making sure leadership actually
             | makes decisions so I can get the decisions my team needs in
             | order to proceed. I'm spending hours in meetings with other
             | teams to get them to prioritize our dependencies and data
             | access needs.
             | 
             | If you're not lucky enough to have management that's
             | exactly technically aligned to your project _someone_ has
             | to be managing up and paying attention to leadership or
             | else expectations will be totally off from reality.
        
               | supriyo-biswas wrote:
               | This is not a sour way to put it; extreme levels of
               | information hoarding, cookie licking[1] and building and
               | defending fiefdoms were the norm from what I saw at my
               | time at a FAANG.
               | 
               | [1] https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20091201-0
               | 0/?p=15...
        
           | numbsafari wrote:
           | > FAANG level people
           | 
           | "FAANG" isn't a "level", it's just a cluster.
        
       | gpi wrote:
       | That was a breath of fresh air. Thank you James.
        
       | zeroonetwothree wrote:
       | There's a weird disconnect because on the one hand I agree you
       | can't measure productivity and on the other hand we all know that
       | some engineers are vastly more productive than others. So what
       | gives?
        
         | throw5959 wrote:
         | You can measure productivity by measuring the success, but
         | that's kinda useless for day to day software engineering
         | management.
        
           | Trasmatta wrote:
           | How do you define success? If a product bombs, is that
           | because of the engineering or the product design?
        
             | throw5959 wrote:
             | I don't think it's possible to answer generally. Track what
             | matters for your business.
        
             | skeeter2020 wrote:
             | if it's successful, it's because of sales. If it fails,
             | engineering didn't build the right thing / was too slow -
             | it really doesn't matter.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | I tend to go by _results_ , and for me, "results" means
           | shipped* code that is used and accepted by end users**, can
           | be maintained and extended***, and doesn't generate trouble
           | tickets.
           | 
           | * MVP doesn't count.
           | 
           | ** Can include users inside the organization.
           | 
           | *** It's OK if it requires senior-level ongoing support. I
           | think expecting it to be maintained by monkeys is a bad idea.
        
             | pinkmuffinere wrote:
             | To me, "MVP doesn't count" feels like a crazy take -- in
             | many roles, the _only_ ask is to produce a series of
             | different MVP's. I guess maybe the definition of "MVP" is a
             | bit squishy, and these people-who-ship-MVPs themselves make
             | MVP-MVP's, which shouldn't count as shipped?
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | I spent most of my career, shipping finished product,
               | which, in many cases, probably could have benefitted from
               | an MVP-like "tuning phase," but we called that "beta." I
               | think MVP generates more useful feedback, but I _really_
               | don 't like thinking of an MVP as "shipping software."
               | 
               | I also worked for hardware companies, where shipping
               | stuff had some pretty serious stakes, and learned how to
               | make sure we got it as good as possible, before getting
               | it out the door.
               | 
               | I like the idea of evolutionary design, and "tuning," but
               | I think it's a bad idea (for me) to deliberately ship bad
               | software as an end-product.
               | 
               |  _(Also, MVP, by definition, generates lots of trouble
               | tickets. I am allergic to trouble tickets. It 's totally
               | a personal thing, but I live by it)._
        
             | skeeter2020 wrote:
             | saying "MVP doesn't count" implies that you throw it away
             | and then right "the perfect system" at some point. If
             | you've ever had an MVP land you know that's not how it
             | happens.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | I _write_ "as close to perfect" as I can get. I know that
               | "The Perfect is the enemy of the good" is a popular meme,
               | but I have found that "The perfect is something to strive
               | for" has been useful, for me.
               | 
               | In fact, my way has been working for me, for decades.
               | 
               | I'm quite aware that many folks do it differently, and
               | that's one reason that I try to "keep it in the I," and
               | write about how _I_ do it, and talk about the bar that
               | _I_ set, for myself.
               | 
               | Most of the software I write, is free software that
               | Serves a pretty small demographic. It can have a fairly
               | outsize influence on the lives of the people that use my
               | software, and I really care about the end-users of my
               | work, so I tend to set a pretty high personal bar.
               | 
               | I'm quite aware that I don't have many of the stressors
               | that beset commercial software houses, so I sincerely
               | don't feel "snooty." In fact, I feel profoundly grateful
               | to be in a position, where I can follow my muse.
               | 
               | I really would like it if folks wrote better stuff, but I
               | am also aware of the culture, and how that's next to
               | impossible, these days.
        
         | jprete wrote:
         | Those are two different concepts hiding in similar words. You
         | can't [numerically or precisely] measure productivity, but some
         | engineers are vastly more productive [such that you can easily
         | tell the difference without a formal measurement].
        
           | fshafique wrote:
           | Gut feeling uses all your internal predispositions and
           | biases.
        
             | skeeter2020 wrote:
             | you don't need to rely on gut feeling and risk bias. You
             | can stop looking for the "productivity metric" and instead
             | bet on <some> measure, then track the change over time.
             | It's the only thing that's ever worked for me.
        
               | noirbot wrote:
               | Sure, but which measure you pick is itself a gut feeling
               | and biased. It's the easy way to miss people doing
               | whatever sort of work that you aren't measuring that may
               | be what's letting everyone else excel at what you _are_
               | measuring.
        
         | Trasmatta wrote:
         | We all "know" that, but there are also some engineers that only
         | give a very strong illusion of being more productive.
         | 
         | Maybe engineer #1 is constantly pushing up code. In the time it
         | takes them to merge 15 PRs, engineer #2 opens only 1 - but
         | maybe they thought really deeply about the problem, and their
         | approach actually saves the team hundreds or thousands of hours
         | of future development work vs how engineer #1 would have solved
         | the problem.
         | 
         | Part of what makes this so hard to measure is the long tail
         | effects of development decisions. (Incidentally, that's also a
         | source of burnout for me - the constant mental overhead of
         | worrying about the long term implications of what I'm doing,
         | and particularly how they effect other people. It's very
         | challenging.)
        
           | ebiester wrote:
           | The problem is that the vast majority of code will not have
           | long term implications so long as it reaches a minimum of
           | design, performance, and does its job without bugs.
           | Consistency of patterns is more important than the optimal
           | pattern for most decisions.
           | 
           | There are some core areas of the application that are much
           | more important, but they are often the earliest data
           | structures and built before the problem is known. You will
           | not know how your code will change, so make it as consistent
           | as possible with the rest of the system until you know more.
        
         | Sevii wrote:
         | You can measure productivity with correlated metrics. The issue
         | has always been that the metrics which are easy to track don't
         | line up incentives with the actual business goals. A group of
         | 10 people who write 200k loc per year are probably more
         | productive than a group of 10 people who write 10k loc per
         | year. If you took those metrics and then did an investigation
         | of the people in your company writing 10k loc you might find
         | that they are slackers or that they write assembly.
         | 
         | The issue is when metrics are used to stack rank teams with no
         | thinking put into it. You can't treat correlated metrics like
         | direct metrics. A logger might be evaluated based on how many
         | trees he cut down in a day. There is no comparable way to pay
         | software engineers piecemeal.
         | 
         | Metrics are good, but people want to use them without thinking
         | or taking context into consideration.
        
           | bigs wrote:
           | Or you may find they write higher quality code - less bugs,
           | more performant code, or so on.
        
         | llm_trw wrote:
         | The engineers are only productive because they have the support
         | structure in place.
         | 
         | The most productive fpga engineer I ever hired was so hopeless
         | with git that I had to hire a second software engineer to
         | babysit him.
         | 
         | After I left both of them got fired and the product they were
         | ahead of schedule on when I left had slipped 2 years behind
         | before it finally got cancelled three years later.
        
         | daz0007 wrote:
         | a weird disconnect... of any true innovation or even reality...
         | such vague objectional blandness...
         | 
         | "They'd beg to work for us" - what the f8ck.... if they were
         | the best they would not beg anyone how degrading...They would
         | be there for a mission or wanting to improve something about
         | themseves or other parts of the world.
         | 
         | There's nothing here apart from Agile coach wanting to get some
         | more work.
         | 
         | 1984 was released in 1949, if anyone thinks these words /
         | values really mean what is writen wow. People, Internal
         | Quality, Lovability, Visibility, Agility, Profitability...
        
         | Salgat wrote:
         | It's an extremely complex mixture of many factors (which can
         | vary wildly between two different productive engineers), and
         | trying to make that into some magical formula ends up creating
         | a system that can be gamed to superficially appear productive
         | to managers.
        
         | skeeter2020 wrote:
         | I have an incredibly productive staff developer. Not only does
         | he work _a lot_ , he also produces, and it's very high quality.
         | He also does a relatively poor job of upskilling his teammates,
         | and is a little rough when mentoring. This is not intentional
         | (i.e. he's not a jerk).
         | 
         | Overall I don't know if, in the context of a staff developer,
         | he's vastly more productive than say, another dev I have who
         | produces less but levels-up his team better than almost anybody
         | I've ever seen.
        
           | ggregoryarms wrote:
           | Maybe that other dev has a unique ability you should reward.
           | Sound awesome. Focus on that.
        
       | mrbluecoat wrote:
       | +1 for Extreme Programming. I've been a fan from the beginning
       | when Agile was all the rage and my recommendations for XP were
       | met with blank stares.
        
         | Trasmatta wrote:
         | I'm glad that it works for some people, but I did not like the
         | forced pair programming in XP at all. And I found adherents to
         | XP were even more cult like than Agile teams.
        
           | Salgat wrote:
           | Does XP and pair programming actually require two people to
           | be simultaneously working together at the same time? My
           | understanding is that this includes one person who codes
           | while another person looks at the results and reviews them
           | afterward. The two are still working closely together and
           | exchanging feedback, just at different points in the process
           | in an iterative loop.
        
             | NomDePlum wrote:
             | My understanding is that original meaning was that pair
             | programming requires the pair work together at the same
             | desk and machine.
             | 
             | With the ability to share screens/IDEs remotely the need to
             | be at the same desk may have shifted, but working together
             | is intrinsic to pair programming I believe.
             | 
             | The original text went into some detail about making the
             | desk work for 2 people, and having screwdrivers available
             | to do so, which for some reason always amused me.
        
             | p_l wrote:
             | No, the point is that both "driver" and "navigator" (as
             | some pair programming referred to the roles) are looking at
             | the coffee simultaneously, just one has the keyboard at the
             | time.
             | 
             | This is extended to "mob" programming where you have whole
             | team of "navigators" and one person at keyboard.
        
           | skeeter2020 wrote:
           | resist the oxymoron of agile zealot - the first rule is do
           | what works for YOU
        
       | Sevii wrote:
       | I appreciate that they have a programming philosophy that they
       | want people at the company to adopt. A common problem I see at
       | companies that don't have onboarding is that people join the team
       | with assumptions from previous jobs but you never level set them
       | with the company. So 12 months down the line the new guy wants to
       | change the process and you have to repeat the same discussions
       | about what agile means for the nth time.
       | 
       | Amazon does a good job of training new hire on the 'Amazon way'.
       | Amazon does 6 pagers, they do design docs. Amazon does SOA.
       | Amazon does not use relational databases. Everything has an API.
       | Because of the 'Amazon way' and the training they do new team
       | members understand at least some of the context and expectations.
       | 
       | Is it the best way? Probably not but no one knows what the best
       | way is anyway. At least they have a way. Saves a lot of effort
       | compared to every new hire relitigating the process and
       | architecture.
        
         | rrr_oh_man wrote:
         | _> Amazon does not use relational databases_
         | 
         | Huh?
        
           | deskglass wrote:
           | Friends say they typically use Dynamo and that using a
           | relational database requires approval from a vp (because of
           | scaling concerns).
        
             | hyperliner wrote:
             | Related: Amazon kicked out Oracle from the company.
             | 
             | Somewhere along the same timeline, the operational
             | recommendation for teams was to not use relational
             | databases.
             | 
             | https://www.theregister.com/2019/10/16/amazon_ditches_oracl
             | e...
        
           | vamega wrote:
           | Relational databases are not the preferred storage mechanism
           | at Amazon. If a team wants to use an OLTP relational database
           | it's possible that it will be a decision they will need to
           | defend at any kind of design review.
           | 
           | Of course there are relational databases running OLTP
           | workloads, but it's far away from the norm. There was a
           | program a while ago to shift many RDBMS systems onto
           | something else.
        
             | emmelaich wrote:
             | So they do joins in code rather than SQL? Wouldn't that
             | risk _hiding_ scaling problems?
        
               | grogenaut wrote:
               | It can but it's usually more obvious what's happening
               | with code and how to fix it. Amazon wants you to think
               | about the scaling issues while building as they don't
               | want to lose the area under the customer curve on the far
               | right.
               | 
               | The theory is that with rdbms you have a magical box that
               | scales vertically until it doesn't. And when it doesn't
               | all you can do is scale back the customers until you fix
               | it with sharding or a re-architecture. Basically you tend
               | to hang yourself with indexes and transactions. Also
               | generally when an RDBMS fails it fails down to like 30%
               | throughput.
        
               | mickael-kerjean wrote:
               | I recently finished a contract at a company who has gone
               | full on dynamo with the idea that if we have slow queries
               | and dynamo is good for Amazon, then it's good for us too.
               | I've ran some explain on the queries causing issues and
               | of course those queries didn't leverage indexes like they
               | thought ....
        
               | redditor98654 wrote:
               | How did you run explain queries on DynamoDB? Or may be
               | you mean something different and I misunderstood you?
        
               | bdavisx wrote:
               | That doesn't make sense, you have to specify the index
               | when you're using Dynamo.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | You can do scan operations and if they use PartiQL it
               | hides whether you are using indexes.
               | 
               | I usually have an explicit DENY for dynamodb:Scan for the
               | IAM role used to access the DDB table
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Look up design patterns in DynamoDB. If you know your
               | access patterns and you often do with well defined
               | microservices. You don't need to do joins.
        
               | yazaddaruvala wrote:
               | Amazon Retail has multiple systems to allow you to
               | basically use SQL across databases (eg Datapath).
               | 
               | I'm not sure about AWS.
        
         | saghm wrote:
         | > Amazon does a good job of training new hire on the 'Amazon
         | way'. Amazon does 6 pagers, they do design docs. Amazon does
         | SOA. Amazon does not use relational databases. Everything has
         | an API. Because of the 'Amazon way' and the training they do
         | new team members understand at least some of the context and
         | expectations.
         | 
         | As a counterpoint, a huge part of Amazon's culture (or at
         | least, AWS's) in my experience was the emphasis on operations
         | and the fact that they didn't have any separation between
         | SREs/on-call engineers from the people who implement their
         | services, and at least for me as someone who had never been on-
         | call before in any meaningful capacity (due to my previous job
         | working on a libraries rather than services), the training for
         | it was basically non-existent on the two teams I spent time on.
         | The "training" I did receive essentially consisted of being put
         | on the rotation once to shadow, where I was able to sort of see
         | what the actual on-call person did but didn't really have any
         | explanation for how to know how to do them other than being
         | told to read the runbooks, which were not really written in a
         | way that was easy to understand for me as someone who was so
         | new to learning all of the internal AWS tooling and ops in
         | general. The next time I came up on the rotation, I was
         | expected to be able to manage on my own, which essentially
         | meant that literally no matter what occurred, I ended up having
         | to escalate because I wasn't knowledgeable enough to fix
         | literally anything within a timeframe that would have been
         | reasonable.
        
           | xwolfi wrote:
           | Which is the only way to learn tbh, you can receive as much
           | positive reinforcement imaginable, nothing prepares you for a
           | large scale incident like living through one, building the
           | connections you need to solve it, getting the shame of your
           | life, and losing sleep over your failure.
        
             | pyrale wrote:
             | Nothing teaches you to swim like being thrown in the middle
             | of the atlantic.
        
             | saghm wrote:
             | I'm not really sure what you mean by "positive
             | reinforcement", but I don't think it's possible to disagree
             | more with this sentiment. "building the connections you
             | need to solve it, getting the shame of your life, and
             | losing sleep over your failure" isn't a strategy for
             | teaching for something; it's a coping mechanism for someone
             | trying to brute force their way through something that they
             | weren't adequately trained for.
             | 
             | Most people seem to think it's fine for companies to
             | offload the entirety of the burden of learning to
             | individual employees, and maybe I'm an outlier in this
             | regard, but to me, this seems more like a cop out to avoid
             | trying to actually solve the problem at the cost of the
             | employee's emotional health. I'm not surprised that
             | companies default to this, but it's also not surprising
             | that burnout is so common in our industry when this is
             | considered the "best" or "only" way to do things.
        
           | wesselbindt wrote:
           | > they didn't have any separation between SREs/on-call
           | engineers from the people who implement their services
           | 
           | I.e., treat DevOps as a way of working, rather than a role
           | meaning something akin to "Ops person who knows terraform, or
           | k8s, or Ansible etc".
        
           | Sevii wrote:
           | My team didn't add new members to the oncall rotation for
           | about 6 months to ameliorate this issue. But starting oncall
           | at first is rough and even with months of context on our
           | systems people usually take a few rotations before they
           | really figure it out. We expected new members to have to
           | escalate.
        
             | saghm wrote:
             | I don't think this really ameliorates the issue much; it
             | just pushes the problem down the line. IMO this is a big
             | part of why people transfer internally to different teams
             | so much at Amazon, and that masks the problem even further.
             | If by six months of on-call rotation you expect someone to
             | be self-sufficient, but they only start after six months on
             | the team, they'll have been on the team a year by that
             | point, and people either transferring or leaving the
             | company after a year on average isn't going to be
             | immediately obvious as a problem, but if people start a few
             | weeks in, you're going to have 5-6 months of noticing that
             | there are issues when that person is on-call, and if that
             | happens more than a few times, the trend will be
             | noticeable.
        
         | infomaniac wrote:
         | > Amazon does not use relational databases
         | 
         | This is false, at least in my very thin exposure to the
         | company: I interviewed for a team last year which was
         | maintaining EC2 SSH keys using MySQL.
        
           | mnahkies wrote:
           | I watched an interesting talk from the RDS team about how
           | they dogfood RDS the other day https://www.pgevents.ca/events
           | /pgconfdev2024/schedule/sessio...
        
           | chupasaurus wrote:
           | If it was using MyISAM relations are in question.
        
           | 9rx wrote:
           | SQL, and therefore MySQL by extension, isn't relational.
        
             | snapcaster wrote:
             | He typed smugly, confident that everyone reading this will
             | appreciate his pedantry that totally contributed to the
             | conversation
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | A lot to unpack in this comment.
               | 
               | 1. Wherein do you find the smugness? It does not speak to
               | any person, let alone the first person.
               | 
               | 2. What would give the impression that comments on the
               | internet are written for others? Carly Simon once
               | recorded a popular song about this type of falsehood.
               | 
               | 3. It remains that SQL isn't relational. That is why it
               | "won", after all. Relations are too complex for the
               | layman to understand. Tables are much more familiar to
               | the people in charge and arguably a better model for most
               | business problems.
        
       | mft_ wrote:
       | A great post, well worth reading. The principles in the section
       | on 'people' are applicable to any organisation in any industry.
       | 
       | I especially liked the simple 'career ladder' example, for a)
       | focussing on mostly on behaviour rather than knowledge, and b)
       | for being simple to use and track progress with. (I've never seen
       | anything like it in any of the large organisations I've worked in
       | to date.)
        
       | theideaofcoffee wrote:
       | This was a really great read, lots of insight and things to think
       | about.
       | 
       | But it's also depressing to see how good things could be and how
       | poorly (IME) most orgs are run now. I know I've seen the exact
       | 180-degree opposite of almost everything mentioned here: no team
       | leadership or empowered people, no clear path to the next level
       | for those interested, lack of communication, no emphasis on
       | internal quality, overall pathological product choices (or lack
       | thereof) and on and on. I'd kill to be part of an org that puts
       | this much thought into everything.
        
       | joeldo wrote:
       | > There's more details here than I can explain today, but you can
       | use the QR code to find a detailed article, including the
       | documentation we use for the skills.
       | 
       | Why not just provide a clickable link given this is an article on
       | the web?
        
         | jh00ker wrote:
         | > This is a transcript of my keynote presentation for the
         | Regional Scrum Gathering Tokyo conference on January 8th, 2025.
         | 
         | Because the images are slides from a presentation that the
         | audience could scan.
         | 
         | >Thank you for listening.
         | 
         | The text of the article appears to be the "talk-over."
        
         | philbo wrote:
         | The clickable link is in the right margin just underneath the
         | (first) QR code image:
         | 
         | https://www.jamesshore.com/v2/blog/2024/update-on-software-e...
        
       | nine_zeros wrote:
       | This is a very nice post - not because the actual suggestions are
       | good, but it demonstrates what a really technically sound VP
       | looks like.
       | 
       | In most large tech companies, VP level people are so detached,
       | delusional, and unskilled in engineering, that they end up
       | undervaluing what engineers really do. They are unable to explain
       | it beyond stack ranking them.
       | 
       | As an example, this post talks about how simplicity and
       | maintenance brings value. But my VP literally fired people who
       | did not produce new complex impact.
       | 
       | Just goes to show why so many people hate the big tech industry
       | as employees. It is being run by charlatans who abscond from any
       | real leadership.
        
       | gwern wrote:
       | OP is an example of how AI-generated images are usually clutter.
       | Not only do the images not add anything meaningful to the text,
       | and arbitrary parts of the images could be deleted or randomized
       | without affecting the reader's understanding, most of them could
       | be randomly shuffled without anyone noticing. (Which makes them
       | worse then clipart/stockart: if an article swapped the 'hacker
       | hoodie' stockart with the 'neural net brain circuit' stockart,
       | some readers would at least briefly be confused.)
        
         | blululu wrote:
         | Came here to say exactly this. The "author" didn't even bother
         | to use a decent quality image generator. The first image I saw
         | maxed out my AI slop filter and I stopped reading. Made me
         | wonder how much of the article was written by ChatGPT.
        
           | drcwpl wrote:
           | Agree wholeheartedly, it was unfortunate that the author did
           | not use a good image generator, or even correctly prompt
           | Dall-E to get better images, his take on using AI then became
           | rather flimsy. I gave up at this point!
        
       | LudwigNagasena wrote:
       | Saying that you can't measure productivity is a pseudo-truism and
       | a cop out of doing your job.
       | 
       | How do you measure productivity = how do you decide whom to
       | promote; how do you decide whom to fire; how do you decide how to
       | distribute bonuses; etc.
       | 
       | If you can't measure productivity, you can't do your job as an
       | engineering manager. It's not a question that should have been
       | asked 3 months into a job. It's a question that should have been
       | asked during the hiring interview.
        
         | skeeter2020 wrote:
         | I think I agree with you - definitely about the cop-out part.
         | It's kind of the wrong question; it's not "how do you measure
         | productivity?" but you have some hypothesis, "what do you
         | optimize?" If you're right, it might help you win (maybe you
         | win or lose regardless) and you get credit. If you keep
         | experimenting, you might get better or worse, adjust and
         | repeat.
         | 
         | I'm sick of these (implicitly) absolute measurement questions.
         | I pretty much refuse to look at anything other than the delta.
        
         | n4r9 wrote:
         | So... how do you measure productivity? The engineering managers
         | you refer to probably _attempt_ to measure productivity, but
         | may well fail to correctly identify high and low performers.
        
           | LudwigNagasena wrote:
           | There are quantitative measures like story points velocity,
           | time to merge, code churn, etc. Those can be simply measured
           | but also simply gamed, so they should be used with caution.
           | There are qualitative measures like code maintainability,
           | satisfaction of stakeholders, communication skills, system
           | design skills, etc. Those have to be assessed using peer
           | feedback, stakeholder feedback, 1-on-1's, activity during
           | calls and meetings and so on. Those are harder to measure,
           | but also harder to game.
        
             | n4r9 wrote:
             | In my experience, not only are quantitative metrics
             | gameable, but they depend greatly on accurate estimates
             | (which just shuts the problem along) and tend to bias
             | towards rushed implementations. You also have to be very
             | careful to consider what duties the person has beyond pure
             | coding, which can become time-consuming as they grow in
             | seniority, such as mentoring juniors, engaging with product
             | teams, or supporting product enquiries.
             | 
             | The qualitative measures you mention describe "quality"
             | rather than "productivity" (rate of good output). Both are
             | aspects of performance, but are definitely distinct.
             | 
             | I suspect that the best you can do for productivity is kind
             | of a halfway house, where - as part of their feedback - a
             | more senior developer indicates whether the _rate_ of
             | implementation met /exceeded/fell below expectations.
        
         | 9rx wrote:
         | _> If you can't measure productivity, you can't do your job as
         | an engineering manager._
         | 
         | Why not? You could _feel_ productivity instead, which is also
         | arguably the better approach as it more emotionally appealing
         | to those paying the bills than measurement is. That is how
         | people do it in the real world. Nobody is measuring
         | productivity in this business, even if they want to pretend to
         | themselves that they are.
        
       | raldi wrote:
       | What's the clickbait headline refer to? I can't find any mention
       | of the company in a skim of the article.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | I've replaced the clickbait title with a more representative
         | sentence from the article.
        
       | paulcole wrote:
       | > Everybody wants the best people in the business.
       | 
       | A fundamental mistaken belief.
       | 
       | Who wants to pay for the very best people when the 97,000th best
       | person will do? Also how can you decide who the best people are
       | when you can't even measure their productivity?
        
       | gijoeyguerra wrote:
       | ...starts off by saying you can't measure productivity. Then
       | proceeds to explain how to measure productivity. Very sneaky.
        
       | weinzierl wrote:
       | Interesting, but not surprising, that _Agility_ only made place
       | 5, way behind _Quality_. It will soon be a quarter of a century
       | since the Agile Manifesto has been published. It would be sad if
       | we hadn 't progressed since then.
        
         | heeton wrote:
         | The article uses "Internal Quality" which has a specific
         | definition for them. And their definition of agility is not
         | derived from the manifesto or Agile.
         | 
         | Indeed, they list Quality immediately followed by customer
         | happiness ("loveability") which is aligned with XP, the
         | practice supported in the article.
         | 
         | The agile manifesto isn't the only way to deliver good results
         | in software.
        
         | sisve wrote:
         | I did not understand it as an ordered list? Just a set of 6
         | items. Did i miss anything? What makes you conclude that this
         | is a priortized list? Profitability is number 6. Who cares
         | about internal quality if you are not making money in the long
         | run
        
         | agos wrote:
         | if you'll allow some negativity, I wouldn't expect a talk at a
         | "Scrum Gathering" to care much about the Agile Manifesto
        
       | switch007 wrote:
       | > We're an inverted organization. That means that tactical
       | decisions are made by the people who are doing the work, not
       | managers
       | 
       | I've worked at various places where this was supposedly the
       | system.
       | 
       | Guess who had budgets, hiring powers, went to leadership
       | offsites? Yeah not the ICs. It usually just means the C level
       | will smile and nod while "listening" to your feedback instead of
       | ignoring you completely
       | 
       | Has anyone worked at a true inverted company where centuries of
       | classical power structures are thrown out the window?
       | 
       | I feel it can never be properly implemented unless in eg a
       | cooperative
        
         | Rygian wrote:
         | The "Valve Handbook for New Employees" was an interesting read.
         | I still don't know how much is fact and how much is fiction,
         | but I liked some of the ideas there.
        
         | pjm331 wrote:
         | To be fair - it says "tactical" decisions - not all decisions.
        
         | InitialLastName wrote:
         | > Guess who had budgets, hiring powers, went to leadership
         | offsites?
         | 
         | To be clear, those are strategic decisions "what are our goals
         | and how do we allocate resources to achieve them". Tactical
         | decisions are "what specific actions do we take to use
         | available resources to achieve goals".
        
       | magic_smoke_ee wrote:
       | First, it would be worker-owned co-op with very little turnover
       | and intense competition for the few roles that get filled.
        
       | abc-1 wrote:
       | I always feel like these manager types have drunk deeply from the
       | koolaid for some reason. It's a lot of words and processes that
       | they usually cargo culted from somewhere else. A lot of it seems
       | to boil down to "don't be an idiot" and "actually care about your
       | work". They always have this air of superiority because they're
       | high up on the org chart. Like CEOs who think they're the chosen
       | ones, when plenty of people could do it just fine. I laugh hard
       | when people like Zuck say software devs will be replaced by AI,
       | not realizing an AI CEO probably wouldn't have burnt 30 billion
       | on a terrible metaverse flop.
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | Would it have bought instagram and whatsapp? Would it have
         | identified major social media trends in competitors that
         | couldn't be bought and outcompeted them at their own game?
         | Would it have suggested developing your own ad platform or just
         | should banner space per cpm?
         | 
         | There is a lot to not like about Meta and Zuckerberg, but
         | saying he's a bad business man is a little silly. Metaverse was
         | a wrong and expensive move, but it was a wrong move they could
         | afford.
        
           | miki123211 wrote:
           | IMO metaverse was a _bet._
           | 
           | It's perfectly fine to take a bet that you're not 100%
           | convinced will pay off (professional poker players and
           | traders understand this on a very deep level), as long as the
           | potential upside is massively larger than the downside.
           | 
           | Zuck understood that Meta could take the hit if the metaverse
           | bet didn't pay off, but that they'd be massively better off
           | if it did, and they had their own platform. Apple's blatantly
           | anticompetitive behavior around ATT was a prime example of
           | what happens when your business is reliant on "platform
           | overlords."
           | 
           | I'm not fully convinced that the metaverse era is over,
           | though. If they can get Orion costs down and put something of
           | that quality into serial production, I think they still have
           | a chance there.
        
             | Zanfa wrote:
             | > IMO metaverse was a bet.
             | 
             | It was FOMO. They had no vision, they had no plan, it was
             | clear that it was only a thing because it was a buzzword at
             | the time. Just like every other company stuffing crypto-
             | adjacent things everywhere. It might have been a bet, but
             | it was obvious that it was a really terrible one.
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | Reminds me of Ballmer buying Nokia or Cook buying Beats
               | (or whatever the company was called.) Cook's bet might
               | have worked out a little better than Nokia.
        
               | zqy123007 wrote:
               | Not really. FB was choked by Apple and trolled by Google
               | for so long, Zuck understood his position without a
               | hardware platform in the furture. XR seems to be a
               | reasonable bet which he already have an edge. If he won,
               | he won big.
        
               | rohit89 wrote:
               | I do not know where this notion that Meta has given up on
               | the metaverse comes from. Mark continues to talk about
               | AR/VR at every opportunity and Reality Labs continues to
               | invest big on it. The metaverse is a bet but its a 10
               | year bet that has not been played out yet.
        
             | wavemode wrote:
             | No. "Bet" implies some sort of clear vision or value
             | proposition. Metaverse was a dream.
             | 
             | It's okay to dream. It's not okay to burn billions of
             | dollars on dreams with no proof of concept or business
             | plan. Set aside the question of whether or not it's a bad
             | idea - that's just plain bad execution.
        
               | rohit89 wrote:
               | The Orion is the proof of concept. The metaverse that
               | Mark is thinking of is as ambitious as Musk's Mars plans.
               | And it is something that requires large amounts of
               | capital and time.
        
           | Xcelerate wrote:
           | Exactly. I've never understood this criticism. A good CEO (in
           | terms of the business) is able to make significant,
           | groundbreaking decisions but is also able to reverse course
           | quickly if those decisions aren't working out (anyone
           | remember the Facebook phone)?
           | 
           | Unless the CEO is psychic, they're necessarily going to make
           | a lot of bad or wrong decisions. The key is being able to
           | recover quickly and move on to the next thing. A bad CEO
           | makes no big decisions for fear of being wrong.
           | 
           | When FB bought Instagram for $1B, there were a lot of talk
           | show hosts riffing on Zuckerberg for making one of the
           | stupidest business decisions of all time. A lot of executives
           | who got to their position by corporate ladder climbing have
           | personalities that would be terrified of that sort of
           | widespread criticism. They would never make the kinds of
           | decisions that might possibly put them in the unenviable
           | position of being made fun of on national television.
        
             | mempko wrote:
             | The assumption that hierarchical organizations are
             | inevitable blinds us to more effective ways of organizing.
             | When we look at companies today, their feudal-like
             | structure means CEO decisions naturally have outsized
             | impact - but this is a product of the system, not inherent
             | necessity.
             | 
             | Take Meta's acquisitions of Instagram and WhatsApp under
             | Zuckerberg. While these proved strategically valuable,
             | framing them as evidence of unique CEO insight misses a
             | crucial point: Many others in the organization likely would
             | have made similar choices given the same position and
             | information. The success stems more from the concentrated
             | decision-making power than from individual brilliance.
             | What's fascinating is how we conflate organizational
             | structure with individual capability. When good outcomes
             | emerge from hierarchical systems, we rush to credit the
             | person at the top rather than examining how the structure
             | itself shapes and amplifies their decisions. This creates a
             | self-reinforcing cycle: hierarchical success is used to
             | justify more hierarchy.
             | 
             | But imagine if we distributed decision-making power more
             | broadly, tapping into the collective intelligence and
             | diverse perspectives of entire organizations. Research on
             | collective intelligence and successful worker cooperatives
             | suggests groups often make better decisions than
             | individuals, especially on complex issues. Companies like
             | Valve and Morning Star have demonstrated that flat
             | organizations can be both innovative and profitable. The
             | real opportunity lies in reimagining organizational
             | structures that harness our full human potential - not just
             | that of a select few at the top. By questioning our
             | assumptions about hierarchy, we open ourselves to
             | discovering more dynamic, equitable, and effective ways of
             | working together.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | This is a common refrain I've seen on HN when this topic
               | has come up before, but there's a problem with it. The is
               | a _huge_ difference between (1)  "flat organizations can
               | work" and (2) "groups make better decisions than
               | individuals, and this disparity is even larger on complex
               | issues."
               | 
               | If #2 is true shouldn't an organization like Valve run
               | circles around every single competitor it has since
               | they're all dinosaurs with hierarchies and Valve isn't?
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | I think questions about whether a CEO is "good" or not are
             | kind of impossible to answer, because you can't test the
             | answers. All we can observe is the current reality and the
             | decisions they've already made. There is no way to observe
             | the other alternate universes where Zucc _didn 't_ buy
             | Instagram, and/or the universes where he bought something
             | else. Did the company do better or worse in those
             | universes? No way to know.
             | 
             | Also, sometimes people say things like "Only [ceo's name]
             | could run [company]. Look at their results!" This is just
             | survivor bias. Who could know whether someone else could or
             | couldn't run Facebook (or Tesla, or whatever)? Who can say
             | with certainty that out of the 8+ billion people on the
             | planet, only one particular guy could run the company, and
             | that particular guy happened to be the guy who indeed ran
             | it? What an improbable coincidence!
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | Not being able to test alternate universes sans Instagram
               | acquisition doesn't mean that it's not impossible to tell
               | whether a CEO is good or not, you just have to make a
               | qualitative argument for why they are or not.
               | 
               | Buying IG was a good move because it has paid back
               | Facebook's shareholders multiple orders of magnitude.
               | Isn't the goal of the CEO to steward the company and to
               | make shareholders returns (wether public or private)?
        
         | short_sells_poo wrote:
         | I wholeheartedly agree with your thoughts, with perhaps the
         | exception of the CEO. Or rather, the CEO needs to be someone
         | who will be followed by the rest of the organization. Their
         | decision making could be replaced by an AI, probably more
         | readily than the specialist engineers in fact, but it comes
         | back to humans being tribal. Would the middle management follow
         | an AI overlord? Would the engineers buy into the AIs decisions?
         | 
         | The CEO's job is to decide on the future direction of the
         | company, and then convince both the owners and the employees
         | that this is a good direction. The first part is easy to
         | replace with AI, the second part isn't. At least not for now.
         | 
         | I guess taken to the limit, the CEO will become replacable the
         | moment that the employees have been replaced with AIs, because
         | that that point there's nobody left to lead really. One could
         | actually argue that this is tantamount to the CEO cutting off
         | the branch they are sitting on. After all, once all the
         | employees are AIs, what's to stop the shareholders from saying:
         | "Hold it right there Steve/Jeff/Mark/etc, why are we paying you
         | big bucks? You can be replaced with an AI that will make much
         | better decisions, and there are no employees left to lead
         | anyway."
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | > I guess taken to the limit, the CEO will become replacable
           | the moment that the employees have been replaced with AIs,
           | because that that point there's nobody left to lead really.
           | 
           | This seems very software-centric. You can do this today -
           | e.g. Red Bull famously outsources basically everything but
           | marketing[0], so they already have very few employees.
           | However they do have a lot of suppliers, and that all needs
           | managing.
           | 
           | [0] Their marketing is either simple TV ads or incredibly
           | complex stuntwork and extreme sports.
        
       | zug_zug wrote:
       | I don't usually love this type of post, but this one is the
       | exception - very valuable.
       | 
       | Just the section on how to rewrite alone communicates something
       | incredibly valuable that grumpy-engineers like myself have great
       | trouble getting others to understand.
       | 
       | I don't have my mind made-up on XP, I've never worked at a place
       | that actually supported collaboration (often workers spoke
       | different first languages, vastly different experience levels,
       | had minimal social graces, were uncomfortable asking questions),
       | but I think it _could_ exist with great effort and would have a
       | lot of upsides.
        
         | devin wrote:
         | It is likely a bit of nostalgia on my part, but one of my first
         | gigs had an owner that was focused on XP being the way we
         | worked, and given how junior the team was overall, I think it
         | produced excellent results and made for a fun, lively
         | atmosphere.
        
       | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
       | > It was September 2023 and my CEO was asking me a question. >
       | "How are you measuring productivity?"
       | 
       | This is sort of like your girlfriend asking you "how much do you
       | love me". Except if you answer wrong, it's still more likely that
       | your girlfriend will stay with you than that you'll keep your VP
       | of engineering job.
        
       | languagehacker wrote:
       | The advice seems reasonably good but I needed to bail on the post
       | because of the cartoons. The anime crossed with precious moments
       | style of illustration is just too creepy and inserts a lot of
       | doubt to me personally on the authoritativeness of the author.
        
       | RainyDayTmrw wrote:
       | This pervasive corporate fiction tires me out so much. Everyone
       | says they hire the best candidate, they are leaders in their
       | area, etc. It feels very much like dystopian literature, where
       | everyone knows the thing to be false, but is compelled to say it
       | is true nevertheless.
        
       | cynicalsecurity wrote:
       | An article full of buzzwords and a semi-amusing story of how a
       | manager successfully bullshitted a delusional CEO. Okay.
        
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