[HN Gopher] De-smarting the Marshall Uxbridge Bluetooth speaker
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       De-smarting the Marshall Uxbridge Bluetooth speaker
        
       Author : fanf2
       Score  : 201 points
       Date   : 2025-01-11 15:42 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (tomscii.sig7.se)
 (TXT) w3m dump (tomscii.sig7.se)
        
       | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
       | This looks an EE's approach who hasn't had a lot of exposure to
       | speaker design. You need to consider Thiele/Small parameters of
       | the chassis, enclosure volume, baffle design and a million other
       | factors to design a proper crossover. You can't just ltspice your
       | crossover and call it a day. VituixCad would be a more
       | appropriate solution. And then you actually have to measure!
       | 
       | Replacing and amp and ,,smart" crap is easy if there is an
       | analogue crossover you can reverse-engineer, if it was just some
       | DSP things get difficult quickly (unless its just a single
       | broadband chassis, but even then...).
       | 
       | And no, you can't use pre-built ,,standard" crossovers or some
       | calculator on a website either.
       | 
       | But other than that, nice that he saved some hardware.
        
         | ipsum2 wrote:
         | You seem to be very knowledgeable about this subject. I have
         | some Google Nest Audio speakers that sound fantastic, but have
         | the same problems as bluetooth speakers, and lack a 3.5mm input
         | jack to convert into normal speakers. Do you have any
         | recommendations on how to do this, for someone with minimal
         | audio knowledge and some basic EE?
        
           | liminalsunset wrote:
           | The Google Nest Audio speakers are kind of a special case.
           | They only sound good because they use a sealed, extremely
           | rigid cast aluminum sealed enclosure with a high excursion
           | driver. The performance of these speakers with a regular
           | crossover and amp will be poor, due to the low efficiency of
           | the enclosure/small driver.
           | 
           | To get around this, Google put in the TI TAS5825M smart audio
           | amp. By measuring the speaker parameters through V/I
           | measurement and a model, it drives the speaker in a closed
           | loop way with far more power than it would actually be able
           | to handle nornally to compensate for the resistance from the
           | enclosure air pressure, and throttles to maintain the coil at
           | a safe temperature. The chip also does DSP to compress the
           | audio signal, cutting the peaks off the bass as needed when
           | the volume is turned up so volume is maintained at the cost
           | of bass.
           | 
           | One way to explore could be to just feed I2S audio from an
           | I2S ADC i.e. PCM1808 to the digital input of the amplifier.
           | The processing is internal to the amp so theoretically you
           | won't lose the tuning. However this may turn out to be a
           | relatively annoying reverse engineering project with fine
           | magnet wire involved.
           | 
           | Note: I2S is different from I2C - the amp will likely have
           | both. You will likely need to keep the original system around
           | to program the amp over I2C (or capture the transaction and
           | replay it) - otherwise you will likely get no audio.
           | 
           | The "raw" audio performance of this device (just an amplifier
           | connected directly to the internal speaker and dsp on the
           | computer) is impressive, kicking out bass down to 40Hz. It
           | will, however, not last long like that. Reports online are
           | that these blow speakers easily even when used with the
           | default amplifier.
           | 
           | I would recommend that if 3.5mm input is desired, to replace
           | them altogether with the IK Multimedia iLoud Micro Monitors.
           | These have sound quality just as good as the Google at
           | similar size, with the same DSP tricks, but have regular
           | inputs and no smart features.
        
             | ipsum2 wrote:
             | Thanks for the comprehensive answer, I'll look into the I2S
             | audio solution.
             | 
             | You're right that iLoud Micros sound similar, they're 3x
             | the price (The Nest Audios were sold at $50/each on sale).
             | Definitely worth it, I just like tinkering with things.
        
         | encom wrote:
         | >You can't just ltspice your crossover and call it a day.
         | 
         | I'm sure that's true, but how important is that _really_ for a
         | set of crappy plastic speakers?
        
           | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
           | At the end of the day, if you're happy and it sounds ok:
           | thats fine, most people can't tell the difference anyway or
           | they get used to however it sounds. But it will inevitably
           | leave a lot of potential performance on the table.
        
         | AstroNoise58 wrote:
         | Do not underestimate audio circuit tuning based on listening
         | tests. Good ears and patience can substitute a lot of lab
         | equipment dollars, especially for a hobbyist.
        
           | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
           | I would say its the precise inverse: very few people can do
           | it well by ear, and it takes a lot of practise and
           | experimentation. At the most basic, try matching the volume
           | level of a subwoofer to the main speakers - even this is
           | already very hard to do by ear, for reasons of human auditory
           | perception and psychoacoustics.
           | 
           | You don't even need a lot of "lab equipment dollars",
           | measuring the basics can be done with ~100EUR calibrated USB
           | mic. As a rule of thumb, you cannot develop a good speaker
           | without measuring, unless you have advanced modelling tools
           | and experience to use them correctly, in which case the
           | measurements will mostly match the simulations.
        
             | AyyEye wrote:
             | The best acoustic devices in the world have been made and
             | tuned by hand for thousands of years. "you cannot develop a
             | good speaker without measuring, [modelling, or
             | simulations]." Is fundamentally untrue despite what the
             | cybernetic totalists may want to believe.
        
               | BoingBoomTschak wrote:
               | >The best acoustic devices in the world have been made
               | and tuned by hand for thousands of years.
               | 
               | Says who? You should really acquaint yourself with
               | current research, starting with Toole's infamous "Sound
               | Reproduction: The Acoustics and Psychoacoustics of
               | Loudspeakers and Rooms".
        
             | Blackthorn wrote:
             | Yeah but there's a pretty important caveat here. The person
             | who's actually doing the listening is the only person's
             | opinion who matters about the quality. This is very much of
             | a case of "if it sounds good it is good" That's why you're
             | doing here because that is literally the only person who
             | needs to be satisfied with this arrangement.
        
         | seba_dos1 wrote:
         | > You can't just ltspice your crossover and call it a day
         | 
         | Turns out you can, they just did and are happy with the
         | results.
        
       | Mathnerd314 wrote:
       | I'm curious about price - sure, the speakers were free ($240
       | value), but I don't think printing up a PCB is cheap, and those
       | are some pretty big capacitors.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | A PCB like that would cost around $1 each, if you got 10 or so,
         | so it's not expensive at all. I don't know how much assembly
         | costs, but I'd be surprised if the total was over $20.
        
         | jdietrich wrote:
         | JLCPCB have changed the game. Five 2-layer PCBs of up to
         | 100x100mm cost just $3.50 including global shipping. Things get
         | more expensive if you stray from their standard specs, but
         | you're still looking at just a few dollars per board.
         | 
         | https://jlcpcb.com/
         | 
         | The biggest electrolytic caps in this circuit cost $3.29 each
         | in qty 1, but they're fancy "audio-grade" Nichicon caps; a
         | standard-grade capacitor of that size would cost you $1.68 if
         | you want a Japanese brand, or as little as $0.36 if you can
         | settle for a Chinese brand.
        
           | f1shy wrote:
           | And you can even order all or the SMD components soldered for
           | less money that you can buy solder and other consumables for
           | soldering never mind the time.
        
             | leoedin wrote:
             | I recently got 20 reasonably complex 4 layer gold plated
             | pcbs assembled for about $10 a piece by JLCPCB. Maybe 20
             | items on the BOM, 50 parts total.
             | 
             | It's insanely cheap. 5 years ago when I was last regularly
             | getting PCBs built it would cost 10x that. And it would be
             | a really manual process - loads of emails back and forth.
             | PCBway have managed to automate basically the whole
             | process.
        
         | beala wrote:
         | I think the biggest cost is labor. Dumpster diving for speakers
         | and then spending dozens of hours in high skilled labor to
         | replace the insides is actually hilarious. I wonder how much
         | he'd charge a client for a project this size? Probably many
         | thousands of dollars.
         | 
         | But I can't knock a man for having a hobby. Clearly they're
         | optimizing for fun and nerd cred, not cost.
        
       | gavinuhran wrote:
       | I have this speaker and cannot believe how annoying the smart
       | features are. I'll be talking on the phone in my apartment and
       | the speaker will think I'm trying to prompt it.
       | 
       | "SORRY. YOUR DEVICE IS NOT CONNECTED TO THE INTERNET. PLEASE
       | CHECK YOUR BLUETOOTH SETTINGS AND TRY AGAIN." (at max volume!)
       | 
       | It's unbelievable. I'm not an EE, but would love to know how I
       | can disable these incredible unsmart features.
        
         | emidoots wrote:
         | Return that crap and buy something like Audio Pro speakers
         | instead
        
         | seba_dos1 wrote:
         | There's an article that tells you that. I believe it's linked
         | somewhere above this comment.
        
           | bonzini wrote:
           | The article removes all the smart features (not just the
           | annoying ones) and requires pretty serious knowledge of
           | analog electronics. Probably it doesn't fit the bill for the
           | parent comment.
        
             | dheera wrote:
             | I mean, it's a speaker in a box, so you could also just
             | snip the speaker wires, ditch the circuit board, solder
             | some extension wires, and plug it into an external audio
             | amplifier box of your choice.
             | 
             | If you go that route you don't really need much EE
             | knowledge.
             | 
             | (This is also only if you already have this box and want to
             | reuse it. Otherwise I would just go to your next
             | neighborhood garage sale and pick up some good speakers for
             | $10)
        
             | seba_dos1 wrote:
             | > and requires pretty serious knowledge of analog
             | electronics
             | 
             | If you want to understand the whole thing in depth, then
             | yes, I guess so. However, at the end it just links to the
             | already made project published at MIT license that you can
             | simply replicate with barely any knowledge. It's an
             | equivalent of self-compiling a software project after
             | checking out its repo, which sure, may seem overwhelming if
             | you never did that before, but ultimately it boils down to
             | some reading comprehension and step following exercise.
        
         | Blackthorn wrote:
         | Jim Marshall is rolling over in his grave at what happened to
         | this company.
        
       | mgaunard wrote:
       | what exactly is the problem with smart speakers? Most people just
       | want to stream Spotify
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | "We are delighted to announce an update to our smart speaker
         | line: we are sunsetting the online services for this model.
         | Your devices will be disabled in March 2025. They will no
         | longer work, and please bring them to an electronics recycling
         | center near you.
         | 
         | You are eligible for a voucher to get a discount when you
         | upgrade to a newer model."
        
           | mynameisvlad wrote:
           | This is pretty much word for word what has already happened
           | at least once.
           | 
           | Sonos at least reversed their decision to disable the devices
           | when they sunset S1. They just made them incompatible with
           | their current system but allowed people to download the old
           | apps.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, devices that were already marked for trade-in
           | before they made the decision are still completely bricked.
        
             | lelandfe wrote:
             | "Sustainability is non-negotiable!" was my favorite
             | platitude from their website at that time. As Sonos
             | needlessly condemned 6 year old speakers to the landfill.
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | corporations are functionally psychopaths. they will say
               | whatever you need to hear to spend money and they will do
               | whatever it takes to maximise profit, even when it goes
               | contrary to what they have said.
        
             | f1shy wrote:
             | I bought a Yamaha CD-N301, came with a web radio, where you
             | could setup a user, and make an index of URIs with
             | webradios. After that you could select the station from a
             | menu in the front. 3 months after purchase, the service
             | started costing 3 dollars per month. I only use the CD
             | function now.
             | 
             | I contacted Yamaha, the answer was "it still works, we
             | never promised it would be forever free" PoS
        
         | ipsum2 wrote:
         | It's mentioned in the article, but briefly 1) latency (300ms+)
         | and 2) random voices at max volume while you're trying to
         | listen to music.
        
         | recursive wrote:
         | I also want to play my own music or play video games or movies.
         | Bluetooth latency is not suitable for any of these
         | applications.
        
       | tlhunter wrote:
       | Lately I've been wondering if there's a way to do this to Smart
       | TVs. Personally, I like the name "stupify" better ;)
        
         | rotifer wrote:
         | A year or so ago I bought a Hisense 65U88KM, which comes with
         | Google TV. During the setup procedure it asked me if I wanted
         | to enable the "smart" features, such as Google TV, the camera
         | and microphone, or connect it to a network. I said no to all of
         | them, and that was that.
         | 
         | Now it just acts as a dumb screen for my Apple TV box.
        
           | Astronaut3315 wrote:
           | I did the same with a Sony A80L, which also runs Google TV. I
           | even uninstalled the bundled streaming apps for good measure,
           | although I never see the home screen.
           | 
           | It behaves like a monitor. I never see the TV UI unless I ask
           | for it.
        
             | dexterdog wrote:
             | I find that most of those reset to some nonsense
             | occasionally or whenever the power goes out. I make sure
             | they have no internet connectuon, but I usually have to dig
             | up the remote to get back to hdmi1 so my device interface
             | will come back up. I accept the annoyance because I
             | accepted the discount that they give to have all of the
             | spyware crap on there that I am blocking. I wish they could
             | sell something cheaper that is just a display, buy product
             | managers will be product managers.
        
       | mysteria wrote:
       | If you're going through all the effort to design a PCB have you
       | thought about driving the I2S input digitally? I skimmed through
       | the AD85050 datasheet and it has internal DSP functionality which
       | would have been already tuned for the drivers and box by
       | Marshall. The reason powered boxes sound decent despite their
       | relatively cheap hardware is because of the extensive processing
       | they have in the background to compensate for any hardware
       | defiencies.
       | 
       | As the AD85050 has a stereo I2S input there's a possibility for
       | the actual crossover to be either done on the amp chip itself
       | (with the same signal driving both channels) or done on the
       | Amlogic SOC. The latter would be ugly as you would need another
       | DSP chip on your board to do the crossover functionality, or
       | perhaps you could program the AD85050 via I2C to add the
       | appropiate low and high pass filters.
       | 
       | A two channel A/D converter would work on the front end, as you
       | could drive both channels with a single analog input to get a
       | stereo I2S out with duplicate channels to drive the amp. A USB
       | input would be much messier if you want true stereo using two
       | speakers unless you plan on doing routing on the software side.
       | With SPDIF you probably could get away with splitting the signal
       | and using a SPDIF to I2S converter chip in each speaker, but you
       | would still need some way to separate out the left and right
       | channels. The AD85050 has mixing functionality via I2C which may
       | help with that.
       | 
       | And of course, all this might be more work than desigining an amp
       | in the first place, and it really depends if you want to explore
       | the analog or digital side of things.
        
         | bayindirh wrote:
         | Marshall speakers, from my experience, has a brand sound
         | signature, and that tuning is not very optimal for every genre
         | of music.
         | 
         | Replacing the DSP with a simpler amplifier may allow to get
         | more detailed sound from the drivers and the box themselves and
         | may create a more pleasant listening experience.
         | 
         | From what I have seen, the drivers seem pretty full-size for
         | that box, and any disturbing sound characteristic can be tuned
         | with a simple equalizer. A more dynamic approach might create
         | audibly weird sound profile if done wrong.
         | 
         | Modern DSPs are magic, but I still prefer an audio pipeline
         | where things show their deficiencies and not hide things real-
         | time.
        
         | f1shy wrote:
         | > The reason powered boxes sound decent despite their
         | relatively cheap hardware is because of the extensive
         | processing they have in the background to compensate for any
         | hardware defiencies.
         | 
         | I will not argue that that could be one ingredient, but a
         | couple of months ago I did a toy for my kids, I bought decent
         | speakers, placed them in a cheap plastic box, and was
         | absolutely amazed bybthe sound quality. The amplifier is a sub
         | 1 dollar class D bought in a Raspberry Pi shop. No processing
         | at all. If the box is sturdy and sealed, and the speaker is
         | good, is incredible what you can do.
        
           | acchow wrote:
           | I'm interested in which speaker and amp those were. Also, the
           | plastic box :)
        
             | bayindirh wrote:
             | Not the OP, but if you have a little budget, HifiBerry's
             | AMP2 [0] sounds great. After my dad gave his Hi-Fi stack to
             | me (due to having no space at home), I built a small system
             | with this and connected to a set of passive 2.1 Kenwood Hi-
             | Fi speakers for him. They sound _amazing_ , plus HiFiBerry
             | OS is superb for connectivity.
             | 
             | I just want to note that software is built with
             | collaboration of Bang & Olufsen. Both hardware and software
             | oozes quality.
             | 
             | [0]: https://www.hifiberry.com/shop/boards/dealing-with-
             | blocked-p...
        
             | f1shy wrote:
             | The amp: https://www.reichelt.de/de/de/shop/produkt/entwick
             | lerboards_...
             | 
             | The speakers: https://www.reichelt.de/de/de/shop/produkt/br
             | eitbandlautspre...
             | 
             | Box: https://www.reichelt.de/de/de/shop/produkt/gehaeuse_se
             | rie_op...
             | 
             | Design of a friend, final product looks like this:
             | https://hackaday.io/project/198249-untonie-antony
        
           | mysteria wrote:
           | Most cheap amp ICs perform well when they're outputting less
           | than a watt, with distortion barely audible. Try connecting
           | the same amp board to your main HiFi system if you have one
           | and do some listening tests against the original HiFi amp.
           | Then turn it up and it's a completely different story.
           | 
           | As always the speakers are the crucial part and having decent
           | speakers will make a big difference. What a DSP can do is
           | correct bad speakers to some degree. A typical cheap computer
           | speaker has a muddy midrange, can't reproduce past 13 kHz or
           | so, and has little bass due to the small driver. With DSP the
           | manufacturer would typically low pass the amp input, smooth
           | out the nonlinear frequency response, lift the bass a bit,
           | and apply compression and limiting to increase perceived
           | volume and protect the system. The results are still
           | constrained by physics but the manufacturer is in this case
           | able to save money on the drivers and box while getting
           | similar sound quality.
        
             | f1shy wrote:
             | Yes, of course is not hifi. Not in any dreams, but for the
             | price, being 2 orders of magnitude less money, impressive.
             | Also in comparison with old little radios, much much much
             | better.
        
           | Blackthorn wrote:
           | It's been shown that, at least for guitar speakers, the box
           | they're in doesn't matter at all. The entirety of the sound
           | quality or lack thereof is in speaker itself. Of course that
           | is only one speaker , no crossover to worry about.
        
         | AstroNoise58 wrote:
         | I assume you mean AD85050 (rather than AD8255). And yes, the
         | last paragraph before "Going all-in" is about the idea of
         | driving the I2S. But the I2C config sent to the ESMT chip would
         | have had to be reverse-engineered as well...
        
           | mysteria wrote:
           | Fixed, thanks. Somehow the title of the datasheet pdf is
           | AD8255 despite the chip being an AD85050.
        
         | zxcvgm wrote:
         | I have the same thoughts about the approach, and I'm actually
         | working (on the back burner) a similar thing. It's a harman
         | kardon "smart" speaker with a similar design where the brains
         | are on a separate daughterboard and that's now fried.
         | 
         | I've already figured out the control signals and have designed
         | a new daugterboard with an ESP32 to drive the I2S output. I
         | just need to figure out how to downmix the audio to mono and to
         | DSP the L/R channels into tweeter/bass outputs, or to find some
         | code already out there that does this. Any help/pointers here
         | would be appreciated!
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | There's no shortage of projects on YouTube where people are 3d
         | printing their own speakers, including arranging electronics.
         | 
         | Pretty neat for any former car audio heads.
        
       | 05 wrote:
       | There's a project to load OpenWRT onto LinkPlay A31 [0], might be
       | easier than basically replacing the insides..
       | 
       | [0] https://github.com/hn/linkplay-a31
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | > _I liked it even though the sound reminded me of the "disco
       | smile" (hollowed out mids), but I chalked that up to overly
       | consumer-friendly default EQ settings._
       | 
       | The much simpler explanation is that it has hollowed out mids
       | because it's a Marshall.
        
       | szundi wrote:
       | Article suggests that complicated tools are annoying and not
       | right to be that complicated. But one can argue, that if such
       | complexity is actually needed to tackle tasks (like the
       | multiplatform compilation of the Linux Kernel for example), then
       | it is pretty obvious that in the optimal case the learning curve
       | is at least in a linear relationship with the complexity. If
       | given complexity is high enough to surpass the related learning
       | time threshold of the given person then he/she/whatever is going
       | to be annoyed for sure.
       | 
       | There is no escape from this.
        
       | munchler wrote:
       | For those (like me) who are unfamiliar with this device: It looks
       | like a Marshall amp, but is a 9" tall Bluetooth speaker.
        
       | jimnotgym wrote:
       | Tangential question, I have a nice audiophile so and no speakers
       | at the moment. I want some speakers for $low that have decent
       | performance. I can build boxes (used to be a carpenter), but need
       | a design and what look like expensive drivers and crossovers. Is
       | DIY speaker construction actually a cheaper way of getting a top
       | notch hifi, or should I just buy second hand?
        
         | Blackthorn wrote:
         | What do you consider low price? For sheer quality, it's pretty
         | damn hard to beat the price of Kali studio monitors.
        
           | jimnotgym wrote:
           | I'm really thinking of 'low enough that my wife doesn't kill
           | me', which is a variable amount!
           | 
           | Thanks for the Kali tip. They are a little more expensive in
           | Europe, but still a possibility.
           | 
           | I guess re DIY I'm looking for that mythical thing where it
           | is still cheaper to do something yourself rather than buy it!
        
         | alright2565 wrote:
         | This website is a good starting point:
         | https://www.audiosciencereview.com/forum/index.php?pages/Rev...
         | 
         | Click on the magnifying glass with an "A" to get to the
         | advanced search to be able to filter by price.
        
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