[HN Gopher] How Britain got its first internet connection (2015)
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       How Britain got its first internet connection (2015)
        
       Author : samizdis
       Score  : 42 points
       Date   : 2025-01-09 20:02 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (theconversation.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (theconversation.com)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | I've put 2018 as an approximation above because the intro says "a
       | few years before he died" in 2020. If anybody can figure out the
       | actual year, we can change it.
       | 
       | Edit: in HN titles, if you see a year at the end in parens, that
       | indicates the year that the _article_ originated. If you see a
       | year that 's not at the end in parens, that's part of the article
       | title, meaning it's probably about something that happened that
       | year. That's the convention anyhow.
        
         | hildenae wrote:
         | It says it was newer published (before now), so would not 2025
         | be correct?
        
           | dang wrote:
           | We usually try for the year that the article originated.
        
         | 6LLvveMx2koXfwn wrote:
         | "The impact of the internet on our way of life in its first 40
         | years has been immeasurable. It has expanded and developed in a
         | way none of us envisaged in 1975", suggesting 2015?
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Not sure how literally to take the 40 but that's at least
           | more precise than "a few" so I've switched to 2015 above.
           | Thanks!
        
       | lysace wrote:
       | So I was just reading through a 1988 Swedish popular book on
       | "data communications". Not a single word on Arpanet/etc. _Many_
       | other network technologies and attempts at global networks
       | described.
       | 
       | My point: "Internet" wasn't very well-known "even" in 1988
       | outside of well-connected places.
       | 
       | Book: Scandinavian PC Systems, Valentino Berti: "Introduktion
       | till datakommunikation"
        
         | kjellsbells wrote:
         | The inter-networking part of Internet was specialist knowledge
         | restricted to those researchers actively working in the space.
         | But countries had rich national networks back then, e.g. UK
         | universities had a thing called JANET (joint academic network)
         | that allowed, say, someone at the University of Kent to send
         | files to someone at the University of Durham. The hosts were
         | heterogeneous but the protocols were kinda sorta in place
         | (there was a lot of X.25 leased lines and UUCP dialup, if I
         | recall). Kent sticks in my memory because they could do
         | commercial email in the old path!to!destination style if you
         | knew the right guy to call. And Durham because they had this
         | incredibly wacky mainframe OS, Michigan Terminal System, which
         | I have never seen anywhere except there and at Newcastle (a
         | town 40km up the road from Durham).
        
           | Kye wrote:
           | It looks like Archive.org has it.
           | 
           | https://archive.org/details/michigan-terminal-system-
           | distrib...
        
           | qingcharles wrote:
           | Any idea when JAnet connected to the Internet? When I first
           | used it ~1994 I remember they had a single 2Mbps connection
           | to the USA for the whole of JAnet.
           | 
           | What connection did the housing in the dorms at Kent have? I
           | seem to remember serial ports in the rooms, but could have
           | been ether?
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | JANET went live in 1984. Before then, UK universities were
             | connected by X.25 links with ARPAnet gateways to Rest of
             | World. (Such as it was then - basically the US and
             | Scandinavia.)
             | 
             | You could, with a tiny amount of password hacking, joyride
             | around the system quite easily, at least as far as getting
             | to a login message on a remote host, possibly logging on
             | with a guest account and having a text chat with surprised
             | people in other countries.
        
               | gnufx wrote:
               | Yes, SRCNET/SERCNET/JANET were great as a physics
               | researcher, despite what people have said about X.25. A
               | potentially interesting point is that TCP/IP on JANET
               | originally ran over X.25 until X.25 was finally phased
               | out.
        
             | gnufx wrote:
             | The "fat pipe" didn't look so fat at that stage! (I don't
             | remember when you could first easily interact with the
             | Internet.)
        
         | euroderf wrote:
         | IIRC Finland was connected by then.
        
           | lysace wrote:
           | I do understand your urge to turn this into a competition -
           | but let's not.
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Far be it from me to step between Sweden and Finland but
             | this might be a moment to mention from
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html:
             | 
             | " _Please respond to the strongest plausible interpretation
             | of what someone says, not a weaker one that 's easier to
             | criticize. Assume good faith._"
             | 
             | (which of course applies to your comments as well)
        
               | lysace wrote:
               | Fair.
        
         | nonrandomstring wrote:
         | I was in the basement of UCL computer science (in the Pearson
         | building) in 1988. Our lab had a very special yellow (Don't
         | ever touch that!!) cable that ran across the ceiling between
         | joists, then off under UCH toward Telecom tower. Of course we
         | hung bits of origami on it with cotton. Apparently that was
         | JANET. I never heard anyone say "The Internet" back then, but
         | we did have a coms lecture where "inter-networking" was a
         | thing. Nice to read some old names in that piece.
        
           | grumblepeet wrote:
           | Until relatively recently I worked with JANET (or Janet -
           | lower case - as it is now) as part of Jisc, the UK's NREN. I
           | also worked with the wider European org, GEANT, that runs the
           | academic networks across Europe. We were (and still are )
           | very proud of Janet.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | [stub for offtopicness]
        
         | xp84 wrote:
         | I'm happy that you Brits finally got the Internet in 2018. It
         | took a while, but I hope it was worth the wait.
        
           | louthy wrote:
           | > I hope it was worth the wait
           | 
           | It's awful, what's wrong with having a chat, in person, over
           | a nice cup of tea?
        
         | crankyOldGuy wrote:
         | Sorry if I'm unclear on what 2018 is supposed to mean
         | (understand it's an approximation). But internet service is
         | much older than that. According to Wikipedia,
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_Kingdom
         | 
         | Pipex was established in 1990 and began providing dial-up
         | Internet access in March 1992, the UK's first commercial
         | Internet service provider (ISP).
         | 
         | That's about the same time it became available in the U.S. I
         | got home internet service (dial-up) in the mid-1990's.
        
           | philipkglass wrote:
           | 2018 is the estimated year of the article, not the events
           | described in the article.
        
           | jlund-molfese wrote:
           | Some of the other comments are joking around, but 2018 refers
           | to the original date the article was published :)
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | > Pipex was established in 1990
           | 
           | I know reading the article is very much out of fashion, but
           | all the dates given in the article are in the 1970s.
           | 
           | Just like the dates in the Wikipedia article you linked.
        
       | cpr wrote:
       | That March 1977 map always brings back a flood of memories to
       | this old-timer.
       | 
       | Happy nights spent hacking in the Harvard graduate computer
       | center next to the PDP-1/PDP-10 (Harv-1, Harv-10), getting calls
       | on the IMP phone in the middle of the night from the BBN network
       | operations asking me to reboot it manually as it had gotten
       | wedged...
       | 
       | And, next to me, Bill Gates writing his first
       | assembler/linker/simulator for the Altair 8080... (I tried
       | talking him out of this microcomputer distraction -- we have the
       | whole world of mainframes at our fingertips! -- without success.)
       | 
       | (Edit:) We also would play the game of telnet-till-you-die, going
       | from machine to machine around the world (no passwords on guest
       | accounts in the early days), until the connection died somewhere
       | along the way.
       | 
       | Plus, once the hackers came along, Geoff Steckel (systems guy on
       | the PDP-10) wrote a little logger to record all incoming guests
       | keystrokes on an old teletype, so we could watch them attempting
       | to hack the system.
        
         | ManuelKiessling wrote:
         | Dear Sir, could you just, you know, continue writing? I just
         | love these stories, would love to hear more!
        
       | timthorn wrote:
       | > The little black book of the internet
       | 
       | The article doesn't mention the Coloured Book protocols, but I'm
       | pretty sure this phrasing isn't accidental:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloured_Book_protocols
        
         | gnufx wrote:
         | Red book was particularly interesting (modulo lack of security)
         | long before "the Grid"; it worked between various computer
         | centres.
        
       | sourraspberry wrote:
       | Time-sharing is interesting. The same kind of thing is happening
       | now with AI.
        
       | gnufx wrote:
       | The trouble was that it was quite unclear to a researcher, even
       | in one of the research council networking hubs, how to get access
       | to the gateway, and it may have cost. I gave up trying before
       | going to work in Oak Ridge for the summer (where I was taken
       | aback by the primitive computing, at least "outside the fence").
       | For some time (mid-80s to early 90s? I don't remember) we were
       | generally dependent on the infamous BITNET email gateway to
       | communicate with the rest of the world from the well-developed UK
       | network. It was "interesting" to deal with code in a Swedish
       | 6-bit character set sent through the EBCDIC gateway to ISO
       | 646-GB. (The Fortran Hollerith formats were added interest...)
        
       | nxobject wrote:
       | The most hilari-depressing part of the story was the funding
       | politics and grantwriting headaches that have never changed:
       | 
       | - the NPL couldn't set up a British inter-network because of
       | pressure from GPO;
       | 
       | - they couldn't connect to ARPA via Norway because of the Foreign
       | Office;
       | 
       | - then, UCL couldn't get funding from SERC;
       | 
       | - then, UCL couldn't get funding from DTI because it didn't have
       | industrial interest (although, to be fair, it was the department
       | of "industry")...
       | 
       | ...and then nearly a decade later government bodies were trying
       | to take it over.
       | 
       | (It looks like the IMP/TIP was literally funded by petty-ish
       | PSPSPS that the NPL superintendent could get his hands on without
       | further approval. To be fair, GPO did fund the link to Oslo.)
        
       | ChildOfChaos wrote:
       | Peter Kirstein died in January 2020, likely around the time when
       | the internet finally reached Wales.
       | 
       | Context: https://x.com/vizcomic/status/457192728770510848
        
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       (page generated 2025-01-09 23:00 UTC)