[HN Gopher] Bad Moon Rising
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       Bad Moon Rising
        
       Author : samclemens
       Score  : 37 points
       Date   : 2025-01-08 17:28 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (archaeology.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (archaeology.org)
        
       | LeonenTheDK wrote:
       | That's brutal they'd execute the stand-in after the celestial
       | omen was deemed to have passed. I wonder if the person standing
       | in knew it was coming? Was it a great honour to take the king's
       | place during a crisis, or was the person put there in a more
       | deceptive way?
        
         | shermantanktop wrote:
         | Sounds like the premise for a Babylonian fish-out-of-water
         | comedy. "It's like Trading Places meets Gilgamesh!"
        
           | pfdietz wrote:
           | With lots of Assyrian butt jokes.
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | Kra-merggu slides into Jer-ishtal's apartment and exclaims
             | "I can't see a thing."
             | 
             | Jer-ishtal looks on bemused, and says "open that one."
             | 
             |  _laugh track ensues_
             | 
             | [cut to commercial for Crazy Ea-Nasir's Copper Emporium]
        
         | yyx wrote:
         | You can look up Ellen Pao and her time as interim CEO of Reddit
         | for recent example.
        
         | InsideOutSanta wrote:
         | In pre-scientific societies, "let's just murder a bunch of
         | people and see if it helps" seems to be a surprisingly common
         | way of handling all kinds of things. Google "Children of
         | Llullaillaco" for an absolutely heartbreaking example of this.
        
           | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
           | There is a non-zero chance I will be part of the stand-in
           | pool for the USA in the next 4 years :) It's not gonna help
           | anything, but you know
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | They didn't even have a control group?!?
        
       | nico wrote:
       | > houses around 130,000 clay tablets from ancient Mesopotamia >
       | Since so few scholars can read the languages on the tablets--the
       | overwhelming majority remain untranslated
       | 
       | This would be an awesome job for AI. Get these scholars to train
       | the AI, then have it automatically translate all the other
       | tablets
       | 
       | Also, are there online scans of the tablets? Maybe the problem is
       | not the scarcity of scholars, but gatekeeping?
       | 
       | On a tangent:
       | 
       | > These tablets, which likely come from Sippar, a Babylonian city
       | in modern Iraq, were acquired by the museum more than a century
       | ago and date to between 1900 and 1600 B.C.
       | 
       | Is "acquired" a euphemism for stolen here?
        
         | mangamadaiyan wrote:
         | How would we know that the AI didn't hallucinate when it
         | translated a tablet? In other words, how could one trust the
         | translation? A human translator can still provide some
         | justification for their interpretation.
         | 
         | Also, "acquired" could simply mean that the museum paid money
         | to a third party to, well, acquire the piece(s) in question
         | while not inquiring too deeply into how said third party came
         | into possession of the objects that they sold.
        
           | bruce511 wrote:
           | At the very least one could see from the AI if the tablet is
           | interesting or not. That could triage tablets for human
           | translation.
        
             | mangamadaiyan wrote:
             | Sure, as long as one has some means of predicting the
             | probability of false positives as well as false negatives.
             | Until then, colour me unconvinced of the (f)utility of this
             | approach :)
        
               | timschmidt wrote:
               | LLMs do a pretty darn good job of translating other
               | languages, even preserving inflection and tone and rhyme
               | in some cases. Same when translating programming
               | languages. If the training pool is large enough, they
               | should be quite good at it.
               | 
               | No problem marking them as machine translated and keeping
               | track of which have been spot-checked by experts either.
        
               | Keysh wrote:
               | I think "if the training pool is large enough" is a real
               | issue here. We're not talking about living languages with
               | large, properly attested and annotated corpuses.
               | 
               | Indeed, one of the thing you'd probably like the
               | translators to do is identify rare or unique words that
               | can be added to our existing knowledge of these
               | languages.
        
               | timschmidt wrote:
               | > I think "if the training pool is large enough" is a
               | real issue here.
               | 
               | It would be really neat to set up something like a wiki
               | populated with the existing translations and machine
               | translations done via LLM, and to periodically re-train
               | the LLM on all the newly manually verified translations
               | and automatically re-run the machine translations after.
               | The whole thing could move incrementally toward high
               | quality output.
        
             | Groxx wrote:
             | This is the same thing as trusting its translation though.
             | Or worse, since there's more "interpretation" happening (as
             | it's basically a summary rather than a whole text, and you
             | can't trust either of those steps).
        
               | flir wrote:
               | It's like using a classifier to sort biopsies from most-
               | likely to least-likely to be Really Bad News. A human
               | will get to them all eventually, but you can at least
               | fast-track the ones that are almost certainly Really Bad
               | News.
               | 
               | (I think I just said "triage" in a lot more words, to be
               | honest).
        
           | wood_spirit wrote:
           | I remember a time team episode where they found some Ogham
           | script on a stone in an early Christian church now on a
           | fairway on the isle of Mann.
           | 
           | They got photos to the leading professor in Ogham who
           | translated it for them.
           | 
           | I happened to mention this on HN a few months ago in relation
           | to something or other, and a commenter replied to me to
           | explain that that translation was no longer sound, and the
           | current understanding was that the tablet said something
           | completely different instead!
           | 
           | (Found the link they gave!
           | https://www.babelstone.co.uk/Blog/2008/05/throng-of-fifty-
           | wa...)
        
         | dghf wrote:
         | > Get these scholars to train the AI, then have it
         | automatically translate all the other tablets
         | 
         | Which is great until it blithely translates an ancient curse
         | and initiates the apocalypse.
        
           | timschmidt wrote:
           | Klaatu barada... necktie... neckturn... nickle... noodle...
           | It's an N word, definitely an N word.
        
             | technothrasher wrote:
             | That's not a curse, that's a 'stand down' instruction. I
             | would be much happier to see that, than, say, "Ph'nglui
             | mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn".
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Unless as protection against hacking attempts at issuing
               | the stand down command initiates a curse. After 3
               | attempts at the phrase, you must wait 30 seconds before
               | your next attempt. After 5 attempts, you are personally
               | frozen. After 10 attempts, all stand down instructions
               | are wiped and the world is screwed at that point.
        
           | InsideOutSanta wrote:
           | You mean that hasn't already happened? What the hell is going
           | on then?
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Just the usual stuff, unfortunately.
             | 
             | Given how chaotic people are, it's remarkable that millions
             | of us working together isn't invariably a constant raging
             | dumpster fire, and instead is only a bit of smoke here and
             | there that sometimes flares up a bit.
        
               | InsideOutSanta wrote:
               | That's very true. As a child, I was confused by all the
               | chaos. Adults seemed to know everything, and yet there
               | was constant war and famine and dysfunction all over the
               | world. As an adult, I'm confused by the fact that
               | anything works at all.
        
               | cindycindy wrote:
               | 'Dysfunctionally functional' is probably a term that I
               | read elsewhere. It's almost a curse because if things
               | were to fully break, then everyone on earth would
               | consider that a sufficient wake-up call. Instead, we limp
               | along focusing all of our functional resources towards
               | our dysfunction, almost like the most proficient addict
               | who finds new and inventive ways to fight sobriety. It is
               | truly a sight to behold.
        
         | graemep wrote:
         | > Is "acquired" a euphemism for stolen here?
         | 
         | Given what and where they were from it almost certainly means
         | donated or sold to the museum by the archeologists who
         | excavated them in the first place.
        
           | Keysh wrote:
           | It sounds like they were excavated in 1881-1882 (e.g.,
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sippar#Archaeology) by Hormuzd
           | Rassam ("widely believed to be the first-known Middle Eastern
           | and Assyrian archaeologist from the Ottoman empire.";
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormuzd_Rassam) working in
           | conjunction with the British Museum.
           | 
           | "From 1877 to 1882, while undertaking four expeditions on
           | behalf of the British Museum, Rassam made some important
           | discoveries. Numerous finds of significance were transported
           | to the museum, thanks to an agreement made with the Ottoman
           | Sultan by Rassam's old colleague Austen Henry Layard, now
           | Ambassador at Constantinople, allowing Rassam to return and
           | continue their earlier excavations and to 'pack and dispatch
           | to England any antiquities [he] found ... provided, however,
           | there were no duplicates.' A representative of the Sultan was
           | instructed to be present at the dig to examine the objects as
           | they were uncovered."
           | 
           | So, not a euphemism for "stolen".
        
           | tbrownaw wrote:
           | Yes but can everyone involved - both the original
           | archeologists who excavated them and the people who bought
           | them - claim ancestry from whatever ancient society made
           | them, or at least the oldest traceable group to have resided
           | on that land? AIUI that is how "stolen" tends to be construed
           | for archaeological things these days.
        
         | mda wrote:
         | See aicuneiform.com
        
         | idoubtit wrote:
         | > Also, are there online scans of the tablets? Maybe the
         | problem is not the scarcity of scholars, but gatekeeping?
         | 
         | With a few minutes of searching the internet, you would not
         | have written that inappropriate question.
         | 
         | Tablets are 3D objects which are most often eroded and broken.
         | A plain photography, like one would make for a sheet of paper,
         | is useless in the general case. To bring out the cuneiform
         | characters, the light must be raking the surface. And don't
         | forget that that surface can be concave, and text can go over
         | the sides. Most tablets need many photos with different lights.
         | It's a long and hard work that is not automated.
         | 
         | Guess what, Scholars have heard about AI. If AI could help them
         | publish astonishing papers and push forward their career, do
         | you really think they wouldn't rush to it?
        
         | cess11 wrote:
         | Have you ever read translations of such ancient texts? Why are
         | you so certain there are enough reliable translations to do the
         | model training?
         | 
         | Look at https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-
         | bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.3.1.2... , for example. To me it doesn't
         | come across as something I would expect an LLM to be able to
         | produce. They are basically decent at translating between
         | certain languages, and only documents that are very formal. As
         | soon as metaphor, idioms and so on come up in source texts they
         | suck.
         | 
         | There's more translated sumerian you can read here:
         | https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/edition2/etcslbycat.php
        
       | alganet wrote:
       | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/newly-deciphered-4...
       | 
       | > "This eclipse is ... set aside for testing," the newly
       | translated cuneiform reads at one point, indicating the need for
       | another round of rigorous omen-checking before the future could
       | be foretold.
       | 
       | I wonder how would they know if an omen test "passes".
       | 
       | What if these are not omens, but something else? Maybe it was a
       | school lesson, and the "set aside for testing" is some teacher
       | note. This would not be unusual, as we already know sumerians
       | used tablets as school notebooks.
       | 
       | I don't know which parts of these media articles talk about the
       | content of the tablet or the interpretation of the scholars. Is
       | the thing about entrails on the newly translated tablet itself,
       | or is that from another place and the scholars made an
       | association?
       | 
       | Again, I would love to be able to read the tablet (digital
       | transliteration + translation).
        
       | hnlmorg wrote:
       | > "The eclipse of one of the great celestial lights--the sun or
       | the moon--meant that on Earth a great figure would be eclipsed,"
       | says George. "That is, a king would die."
       | 
       | > the king would go into hiding and a temporary substitute would
       | be placed on the throne. Once the threat was deemed to have
       | passed, the king would reassume his position. To dispose of any
       | lingering evil, his stand-in would then be executed.
       | 
       | I love how people can believe in an all seeing, all knowing, and
       | all powerful god and yet also believe that deity can be tricked
       | with such an obvious ruse.
       | 
       | I don't know if that's arrogance, stupidity or desperation.
       | Perhaps a combination of all three.
        
         | olddustytrail wrote:
         | But the Babylonians didn't believe in an all seeing, all
         | knowing, all powerful god. They weren't even monotheistic.
        
           | toss1 wrote:
           | Still, you'd agree any God that can control the heavens and
           | the fate of the earth, if you thought about it for 2 seconds
           | would be quite unlikely to be fooled by that ruse, even if
           | they are 'only' a lesser God..., right?
        
             | kbelder wrote:
             | They probably did the ruse, and it worked. The king lived.
             | From that point on, it was a tried and tested solution.
        
         | cam_l wrote:
         | It wasn't the god they tricking, it was the populace (and the
         | next in line to the throne).
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | Remember Prometheus? He stole fire from the gods of Olympus and
         | gave it to the humans.
         | 
         | In a different legend the gods held counsel to decide what
         | parts of a ritual sacrifice would go to them, and what part to
         | the humans. Prometheus gathered up the sacrificed animal's
         | bones, polished them with its fat, wrapped them up in its hide
         | and presented them to Zeus who was delighted at the artful
         | arrangement, apparently, and accepted them in place of the
         | bloody and dodgy looking meat and guts of the animal. So the
         | humans kept the meat and guts, the gods got the bones.
         | 
         | No wonder Zeus punished Prometheus cruelly, for a thousand
         | years until Hercules saved him. You probably know the story -
         | rock, chains, eagle, liver, etc.
         | 
         | In yet other legends the gods fought the Titans (Prometheus was
         | a Titan), and the Giants. The war with the Giants being
         | especially bloody to the point that one Giant caught Zeus and
         | cut the nerves from his arms and legs and left him paralysed,
         | until Hermes stole the nerves and took them back to Zeus. The
         | legend is a bit poor on details regarding how exactly he
         | achieved this, but hey, gods.
         | 
         | All this is to say- yeah, the Gods were more powerful than
         | humans. They commanded the weather, the sea, the earth and the
         | sun; but they weren't omnipotent beings and they weren't even
         | the creators of the world. Chaos was the creator of the world.
         | Or possibly Chaos and Nyx together. From Chaos sprang Ouranos
         | the sky, Gaia, the earth, and everything else in between and
         | above. The Olympians came much later. In a sense they were the
         | young upstarts. Zeus ... well, _maimed_ his own father. Who had
         | been eating all his children. So that how Zeus became king of
         | the gods: he usurped his Dad and fought two big wars against
         | other pretenders to the throne.
         | 
         | The Moirai -the Fates- were more powerful than Zeus, and all
         | the other Gods: whatever the Fates decided, happened. When the
         | Fates decided Hercules, the son of Zeus, would die, nothing
         | Zeus could say or do would change their mind. Hercules died,
         | and in a horrible, gruesome manner.
         | 
         | The gods were not omnipotent. Not the Olympians. Not,
         | apparently, those of the Babylonians also. But their stories I
         | don't know (I grew up in Athens, not Babylon).
        
       | pwillia7 wrote:
       | how do we feel about messing with history trying to repair broken
       | statues? https://imgur.com/a/sAeWnCp
        
       | harywilke wrote:
       | There is a really excellent podcast on the history of astronomy
       | called The Song of Urania[0] that goes into a ton of depth about
       | eclipses and how different cultures viewed and recorded the
       | events of the sky. [0]https://songofurania.com/
        
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