[HN Gopher] Learning Synths
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Learning Synths
        
       Author : holdit
       Score  : 362 points
       Date   : 2025-01-07 12:46 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (learningsynths.ableton.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (learningsynths.ableton.com)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related. Others?
       | 
       |  _Getting Started Making Sounds_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31434208 - May 2022 (3
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Abletone Learning Synth_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31279526 - May 2022 (63
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Synth Playground_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26429207 - March 2021 (21
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Learning Synths_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20272346 - June 2019 (172
       | comments)
        
         | richrichardsson wrote:
         | I'm glad I'm not going mad thinking I've seen this link 5 times
         | before here; I had an off-by-one error by including this
         | example in the tally.
        
       | f1shy wrote:
       | For those so inclined, that want to play with synth in some more
       | programmatic way, there is a lisp dialect
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyquist_(programming_language))
       | for it.
        
         | tosmatos wrote:
         | There's also stuff like Sonic Pi (https://sonic-pi.net/) and
         | most things live coding related, but I found that I don't
         | really like that approach even though I love synths and
         | programming. For some reason I don't think they go together
         | well. But some people are really good with that and it's
         | fascinating
        
           | diggan wrote:
           | Yes, I feel the same way, but then I started making music to
           | get away from the computer, rather than finding even more
           | things to spend time on with the computer, maybe that's why.
        
         | kaoD wrote:
         | Similar to this, a while ago I made this online playground
         | (Lambda Musika) where you can program sound realtime in your
         | browser (using JS) in a functional-ish way:
         | 
         | https://lambda.cuesta.dev/ (repo: https://github.com/alvaro-
         | cuesta/lambda-musika) -- check out the examples on the bottom
         | toolbar's blue button.
         | 
         | The basic idea is you write a function `t => [l, r]` where `t`
         | is time and `l`, `r` are output samples for the left and right
         | channels in `[-1, 1]` range. You can think of it like ShaderToy
         | but for sound synthesis.
         | 
         | It includes a small utility library but it's meant to be just a
         | few helper functions instead of a full-fledged framework like
         | SuperCollider, Sonic Pi, et al. I.e. it's still sample-oriented
         | instead of module-oriented. E.g. in Sonic Pi you script
         | modules, their parameters, and how they connect with each
         | other, while Lambda Musika is all about outputting samples of a
         | waveform.
         | 
         | It's very barebones -- I'd love to get some time to upgrade
         | this to Monaco editor and add TS, intellisense, etc. -- and
         | possibly buggy, but I still find myself coming from time to
         | have some fun with it.
        
         | SushiHippie wrote:
         | There is also glicol, for example:
         | https://glicol.org/demo#themodel Press start and after some
         | time edit line 14 and press update
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | There are many, many more languages for playing around with
         | audio (and video) synthesis than that. The domain is typically
         | called livecoding. Here's a good list of languages for that:
         | 
         | https://github.com/toplap/awesome-livecoding
        
         | harvodex wrote:
         | Nyquist is super ancient.
         | 
         | The links don't even work anymore on CMU.
         | 
         | Common Music might still work but I can't imagine bothering
         | with Nyquist. https://ccrma.stanford.edu/software/clm/
         | 
         | There is just not much reason to not use SuperCollider or
         | Csound instead of these though.
         | 
         | Edit: I did just find Nyquist has been rolled into Audacity
         | scripting that sounds pretty cool https://audionyq.com/
        
       | revskill wrote:
       | What's the best way to learn piano via keyboard like a
       | professional ?
        
         | rhizome31 wrote:
         | Take lessons with a piano teacher and practice a lot on your
         | own.
        
           | liotier wrote:
           | As a lazy synthdad, father of a piano virtuoso who makes fun
           | of my musical clumsiness, I concur: listen to music, watch
           | music being played and read about music all you want... It
           | won't get you very far: music requires practice, practice and
           | practice daily, even if just a little - and memorizing some
           | scales and chords goes a long way too.
        
             | f1shy wrote:
             | Doing scales, chords and arpeggios can get you far enough,
             | that people who do both know enough think you are a
             | virtuoso. You can make a piano sound great (at least for no
             | experts). But at the end practice is all cannot emphasize
             | enough. Take simple music you really like and want to play
             | to start and have motivation. Finding a good teacher is
             | hard (at least it was for me) (s)he should be interested in
             | the music you want to play, be ok with what you want to
             | learn (some think everybody must be an orchestral pianist)
             | and have a good repertoire of techniques for helping you.
        
               | liotier wrote:
               | > be ok with what you want to learn (some think everybody
               | must be an orchestral pianist)
               | 
               | I relate to that: I was inflicted a couple years of piano
               | lessons as a kid, and hated every minute of it - because
               | I detested the music that my teacher and my family
               | considered appropriate.
               | 
               | 40 years later, I stumble on electronic musics and
               | realize I would enjoy making some - and I joyfully (and
               | incompetently) began on that path, lately becoming ripe
               | for some dry theory because I now value it.
               | 
               | Each person is different though: my daughter always
               | enjoyed the technical exercises for their own sake !
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | When you say _keyboard_ are you talking about a piano-type
         | keyboard or a computer keyboard?
        
           | revskill wrote:
           | Computer keyboard .
        
             | rhizome31 wrote:
             | Oh OK my bad, I didn't get that. Seems like a strange idea
             | to me. If money is the issue, you can probably find a
             | decent second hand MIDI keyboard for a very reasonable
             | price.
        
             | f1shy wrote:
             | Oh. Dismiss my message:)
        
             | itishappy wrote:
             | Don't. Computer keyboards are inexpressive. You'll be
             | giving up the ability to modulate note velocity/volume, for
             | starters. Get a cheap MIDI keyboard for a few hundred
             | bucks.
             | 
             | If instead of playing you're more interested in making cool
             | sounds, I'd skip the keyboard completely and download a
             | free DAW like Reaper, Ableton, or FL Studio.
             | 
             | Whichever route you take, the secret is practice. It always
             | is...
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | > Don't. Computer keyboards are inexpressive.
               | 
               | Constraints can be a great thing.
        
               | raincole wrote:
               | It can be a great thing.
               | 
               | But it can't help you learn _piano_ , which is what the
               | top-level comment asked for.
        
               | itishappy wrote:
               | Sure, but they can also be a hindrance, and that's been
               | my experience playing music with my computer keyboard. If
               | intervals are all you care about (and it's all you can
               | care about) then I've found it easier to just enter notes
               | with the mouse.
               | 
               | Alternatively, an Akai MPK Mini MK3 costs $100 and gives
               | you twice the range, no limit on simultaneous keypresses,
               | velocity sensitivity, a mod wheel, analog knobs, and
               | velocity sensitive drum pads.
        
               | jnovek wrote:
               | In this case it would likely be frustrating.
               | 
               | Many synthesizers (especially softsynths) map changes in
               | sound to _velocity_ , that is, how hard you hit the key.
               | Hitting the key harder makes a different sound (e.g.
               | layers more samples) than hitting it softly.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | Not this one. It would be like finger painting, except
               | you have to wear mittens.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | It's not that bad.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbRXKVcQ8EA
        
               | briankelly wrote:
               | A little undermined by the fat finger within the first 10
               | seconds.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | I think it's an intentional ornament.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | I'm amazed by this.
               | 
               | At the same time, if this is the best one can hope for on
               | a computer keyboard, I feel comfortable resting my case.
        
               | itishappy wrote:
               | It's pretty bad... This person's obviously talented, but
               | their playing is riddled with mistakes and timing issues.
               | That's not an issue with their playing, it's the
               | constraints of the medium. For example, `[etuG]` is a
               | chord from the video that's impossible to play as it
               | requires a modifier key for 1 of the 4 notes. Plus, the
               | use of modifier keys and the number row for low notes
               | means that the experience no longer maps nicely to a
               | piano. It's effectively learning a bespoke instrument.
               | 
               | This isn't necessarily a problem. As you say, constraints
               | can breed creativity. A good musician should still be
               | able to play great music, but for somebody just learning
               | it's a lot of unnecessary friction.
        
               | Arcanum-XIII wrote:
               | Music is about nuance, finesse, expressivity.
               | 
               | You don't have that with a computer keyboard. Music is
               | hard, don't set yourself for failure so early, for no
               | good reason.
        
               | poulpy123 wrote:
               | I think OP meant to use a DAW
        
             | recursive wrote:
             | I've been playing piano/keyboards for 35 years. I
             | definitely don't play at a "professional" level, but I gig
             | locally, and can play pretty well by ear, and in an
             | ensemble. I'm not an amazing player, but I have enough
             | experience to know something about what you're talking
             | about.
             | 
             | What you're asking about is impossible. Not just difficult.
             | You might be able to learn something about moving your
             | fingers independently with rhythm on a computer keyboard.
             | But at about the time you get to one week of experience,
             | you'll probably be doing at least as much harm as good in
             | terms of learning to play piano music on a computer
             | keyboard. It is too different.
             | 
             | Partial list of problems:                 Size of keys
             | Position of keys       Number of keys       Travel distance
             | of keys       Velocity sensitivity of keys
             | Sufficiently low latency of audio output (can be solved
             | with pro audio hardware)
             | 
             | To give one quick example of a deal-breaker, on a piano,
             | you can comfortably, and in a neutral hand position, put
             | your thumb and four fingers on 5 consecutive white keys.
             | The layout of a computer keyboard doesn't allow for this at
             | all.
        
             | jabroni_salad wrote:
             | If you don't want to get a controller then I'd recommend
             | fooling around with a sequencer instead.
        
         | hypertexthero wrote:
         | So far for me this has worked well:
         | 
         | 1. Choose a song you like and find out what chords are needed
         | to play it.
         | 
         | 2. Learn those chords and practice playing the song.
         | 
         | Use a keyboard with weighted keys for best results.
         | 
         | Refs:
         | 
         | https://hypertexthero.com/piano/
         | 
         | https://www.pianochord.org/
         | 
         | https://github.com/pianobooster/PianoBooster
        
         | raincole wrote:
         | It has nothing to do with Synth though. Why not just start a HN
         | Ask thread?
        
       | chrisvalleybay wrote:
       | I've been playing synths and piano for a while, but I've been
       | struggling to get some solid intuitions about what is going on
       | when I tweak the synths. One thing that really helped on this
       | site, is the <<dot>> that is bouncing back and forth on
       | https://learningsynths.ableton.com/en/playground . Try tweaking
       | the nobs and see how the dots movement changes. It helped me
       | visualize something that I wasn't able to grasp before. Nice
       | link!
        
         | diggan wrote:
         | The best way I found to understand a bit more about how synths
         | work, was to give VCVRack a try. Basically "build your own
         | synth" in a box, AKA " Modular synthesizer", which lets you
         | build what a mainstream synth comes with, from scratch.
        
           | actsasbuffoon wrote:
           | It's also pretty easy to create your own VCV Rack modules,
           | assuming you don't mind doing a little math.
        
           | colkassad wrote:
           | There is also Cardinal, a GPL fork that you can run as a
           | plugin directly in your DAW of choice (I believe you need the
           | paid VCV Rack to do that):
           | 
           | https://github.com/DISTRHO/Cardinal
        
           | jnovek wrote:
           | I tend to thing that non-modular is a better place to start.
           | Modular is great, I've wasted untold shameful consumerist
           | dollars on Eurorack, but I think it's better to get the core
           | concepts from a well-known fixed-architecture synth (like a
           | Minimoog clone/VST) before moving on to modular. Modular can
           | be very overwhelming when you're new.
        
             | jghn wrote:
             | To this point, are there any free/cheap apps/browser apps
             | that clone simple/older/well known synths you'd (or others
             | here) would recommend for skilling up a bit? Doesn't need
             | to be anywhere near pro quality sound-wise, not what I'm
             | after.
             | 
             | A million years ago I had some analogue korg model and have
             | been interested in playing around again. But I know myself
             | well enough to know that my interest may very well be
             | fleeting and I don't want to invest much in the way of $$
             | to go that route.
        
               | nprateem wrote:
               | Sylenth has a free trial. Garageband probably has an
               | analogue synth in it. There's also v station:
               | 
               | https://stgdownloads.novationmusic.com/novation/novation-
               | sof...
        
             | diggan wrote:
             | I guess semi-modular is a good half-way :)
             | 
             | Personally, I'm not into modular synths, so I don't
             | recommend them as "Stop buying synths and start doing
             | modular synths" but more like "If you're already into
             | synths, but want to learn more about how they actually
             | synthesize the sound, give VCVRack a try", merely as a
             | learning tool.
        
         | beAbU wrote:
         | Some VSTs animate the modulated controls, which is awesome
         | because it immediately makes clear how one thing impacts
         | another. I believe Serum does this?
        
         | poulpy123 wrote:
         | I can't say for sure but there is surely a VST that allows to
         | visualise the signal and understand what changes do what
        
       | anonzzzies wrote:
       | I like synths with movements instead of keys a lot better. They
       | give me that old sci-fi vibe. It's something that should be nice
       | with the Quest VR handtracking.
       | 
       | (but no, _really_ not like this; https://www.meta.com/en-
       | gb/experiences/synthvr/3748465338566... ; then I would just get a
       | real synth)
        
         | piltdownman wrote:
         | That's mainly just the 'sweep' or portamento between notes
         | that's indicative of things like the Theremin or 50s Sci-Fi
         | sound.
         | 
         | Check out the Ondes Martenot for a compromise between the two
         | paradigms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondes_Martenot
        
         | jnovek wrote:
         | These days there are several tools that map hand tracking to
         | MIDI CCs and notes, you might enjoy something like that. It's
         | on my list to try sometime in 2025. :-)
         | 
         | Here's an example, although I'm not sure if it's good or not
         | because I haven't tried it yet. https://www.uwyn.com/geco/
        
       | leetrout wrote:
       | Syntorial is also popular and posted here many times.
       | 
       | https://www.syntorial.com/
        
         | poulpy123 wrote:
         | I was going to post it as well. And also from the same creator
         | "building blocks" a similar tool for music creation instead of
         | sound design
        
         | jnovek wrote:
         | Syntorial was how I first learned and I was pretty happy with
         | it.
        
         | ElijahLynn wrote:
         | Looks like Syntorial is an app, whereas Ableton link is web
         | based. Would be nice to see Syntorial converted to a web app.
        
       | hoseja wrote:
       | On older phone I had a fun touch-synth called Etherpad but it
       | says it's not compatible with my newer phone.
        
       | ssharp wrote:
       | The "Playing different pitches" section plays "The Final
       | Countdown", arguably the greatest synth riff of all time. If you
       | know it, just click the rhythm on that section.
        
       | chaosprint wrote:
       | The quick tour of Glicol that I made is also a way to learn
       | digital sound synthesis:
       | 
       | https://glicol.org/tour
       | 
       | Have fun
        
       | weatherlight wrote:
       | If you want to understand (Subtractive) synthesis. The best way
       | is to get copy of VCV rack and follow a few tutorials. If you
       | patch one subtractive mono synth voice once, you understand 80%
       | of all subtractive synth architecture moving forward.
       | 
       | https://vcvrack.com (open source and wonderful)
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V35OhojjqDs <- your first
       | tutorial
       | 
       | Happy patching :)
       | 
       | There's a bunch of other really interesting types of synthesis
       | and you can explore them using the above software
       | - Frequency/phase modulation synthesis         - Vector synthesis
       | - physical modeling/Karplus strong         - Additive synthesis
       | - Eastcoast (subtractive)         - Westcoast (waveshaping/LP
       | gates)
        
         | naltroc wrote:
         | unpopular hot take:
         | 
         | subtractive synthesis isn't synthesis. It's a transformation.
        
           | skyyler wrote:
           | Well, "transformer" is already a kind of device. Do you have
           | a suggested name to replace "synthesiser"?
        
           | weatherlight wrote:
           | Hold up, I'm going to send a email to every synth company
           | that sells synths with filters and explain to them that they
           | aren't selling synthesizers but transformers. I'm positive
           | that it will be received well!
        
             | fredoliveira wrote:
             | I mean, there's a fair amount of hype about transformers
             | right now.
        
             | racl101 wrote:
             | They are certainly more than meets the eye.
        
           | SeanLuke wrote:
           | So I presume your complaint is that by synthesis you mean
           | taking two things, smashing them together, and producing a
           | new thing. In which case, sure, subtractive synthesis isn't
           | synthesis unless:
           | 
           | - Two oscillators undergoing detune, sync, ring or amplitude
           | modulation, or fm prior to getting fed into the filter?
           | 
           | - An LFO combined with an oscillator?
           | 
           | - An envelope (controlling the filter or amplifier) combined
           | with an oscillator?
           | 
           | Perhaps these things might be considered combinations? I
           | agree this is weak. You can blame the RCA Mark I and II for
           | calling subtractive synthesizers "synthesizers".
        
             | shwaj wrote:
             | By their definition, an amplitude envelope would probably
             | also be a transformation.
        
           | bmitc wrote:
           | Pretty much everything in audio processing is a filter,
           | whether it's called a filter or not, but that's overly
           | reductive. Synthesis is just creating audio from parts.
        
             | shwaj wrote:
             | Delays aren't filters.
        
               | bmitc wrote:
               | That's not exactly true. In digital signal processing,
               | delays and filters are effectively one in the same. This
               | is because you implement digital filters using digital
               | delays. For example, the simplest low-pass filter is just
               | a summation of the current and previous sample: y(n) =
               | x(n) + x(n-1).
        
               | shwaj wrote:
               | "Filters are delays" doesn't imply "delays are filters".
               | In particular, the type of effect known as a delay (e.g.
               | a delay guitar pedal) isn't a filter, certainly not in
               | the musical sense, which is the relevant sense here.
        
               | bmitc wrote:
               | > "Filters are delays" doesn't imply "delays are
               | filters".
               | 
               | Purely logically, no, but that's not really the practical
               | sense we're talking about. And by introducing a digital
               | delay, you do induce a filter on the sound. So if you
               | have a delay, then you have a filter.
               | 
               | > In particular, the type of effect known as a delay
               | (e.g. a delay guitar pedal) isn't a filter, certainly not
               | in the musical sense, which is the relevant sense here.
               | 
               | I think it's best to reconsider my original comment. I
               | was arguing that it isn't useful to suddenly rename
               | subtractive synthesis as a "transformation", because you
               | could just rename all of synthesis "filtering". But
               | that's not useful, and synthesis just means building up
               | sound from parts. I.e., it's best to work at a given
               | level of the parts and think about things like waveforms,
               | envelopes, LFOs, pulses, triggers, delays, reverbs, etc.,
               | most of the time.
        
           | Arelius wrote:
           | A filter perhaps isn't synthesis, but the whole system,
           | including oscillators would be, which seems to be what the
           | term refers to.
        
           | nyrikki wrote:
           | First time I have ever heard someone say my Minimoog, OB8,
           | Prophet and modular synths weren't synthesis.
           | 
           | ADSR is subtractive even if you ignore the filter.
           | 
           | The (ideal) square wave contains the odd-integer harmonic
           | frequencies, where the (ideal) sawtooth has all harmonic
           | frequencies.
           | 
           | I think starting in the digital world may make this less
           | clear?
           | 
           | You are subtracting overtones from a non-sinusoidal set, the
           | sound synthesis in subtractive synths is the more like
           | choosing digits to construct a representable number.
           | 
           | Additive synths are actually far more restricted...remember
           | that the set of computable numbers is not quite as small as
           | the cantor set, but is getting there.
        
           | hecanjog wrote:
           | You're getting downvoted for some reason but this is a
           | perfectly fine way to think about subtractive synthesis.
           | (From a compositional perspective anyhow.)
        
           | kristianbrigman wrote:
           | Somewhat true ... maybe it's really a hybrid, subtractive
           | usually includes generating the initial sound to subtract
           | from though (the oscillator) and even basic subtractive
           | synths often have capability there (different waveforms,
           | octaves, PWM, etc)
        
           | timc3 wrote:
           | Yes, but all synthesis types are transformation unless you
           | are just replaying/outputting a waveform in one way or
           | another without manipulation so that is really an all
           | encompassing way of describing all synthesis methods.
           | 
           | Subtractive synthesis has a particular meaning in common use
           | whether it's right or wrong.
        
         | 56j56n65u656 wrote:
         | Good lord what a horrible recommendation. This is like telling
         | someone to learn programming by starting with assembly.
         | 
         | If you want to actually learn subtractive synthesis minus the
         | complexity use an all in one synth VST like Surge which is free
         | and open source and you won't have to worry about tedious
         | fundamentals that don't actually matter unless you're doing
         | modular synthesis. Helm is another great VST.
         | 
         | Once you understand subtractive you can graduate to more
         | complicated methods of synthesis like FM, vector, ETC.
        
           | import wrote:
           | Came here to say this. I would recommend surge or vital as a
           | starting point.
        
           | weatherlight wrote:
           | I disagree... those "tedious fundamentals" is how all synths
           | work, irregardless of synthesis type.
           | 
           | Watch the video. It's 15 minutes. I wish I could learn
           | assembly in 15 minutes! You build the synth one module and
           | one connection at a time all connected to an oscilloscope.
           | 
           | If I gave someone a SH-101 with no context, and let them
           | noodle around with it and then asked them, to explain the
           | architecture, they wouldn't be able to.
           | 
           | Sure, they may make some cool noises buy they wouldn't
           | understand, what is what, why is hooked up to what and how
           | that might differ on some other fixed architecture synth.
        
             | tarentel wrote:
             | While I agree that basically all subtractive synthesizers
             | work the same way I started "learning" how they work when I
             | was ~12. It wasn't until my mid 30s until I got into
             | modular and I realized "hey all my synths are basically
             | routed this way, neat." Has it changed the way I think
             | about how I make a patch? Not at all. It is cool to know
             | how they're architected but it in no way will really help
             | you in learning how to use them so I agree with the comment
             | you're replying to. Get an all in one synth and start
             | making patches.
             | 
             | If you gave someone an SH-101 and explained to them how it
             | was architected it wouldn't really help them make that
             | signature acid bass sound so ya they'd be a little more
             | knowledgeable on how synthesizers technically work but they
             | still wouldn't be able to make any music with it. Whereas
             | if I showed them how to make that bass sound they could now
             | go try it on every other subtractive synth they run into
             | even if it doesn't sound the same. Besides that, they'd
             | learn how a lot of it works in a musical sense which is way
             | more important to using synths than any technical knowledge
             | will give you if you actually want to write music.
        
               | weatherlight wrote:
               | The original post is about synthesis and learning about
               | synthesis. Not music theory or how to program an acid
               | patch. Those are separate skills.
        
               | adriand wrote:
               | No it isn't, the original post is "Learning Synths", not
               | "Learning Synthesis". It actually is a tutorial on how
               | you might go about programming an acid patch (or a bass,
               | or a wind instrument, or whatever).
        
               | weatherlight wrote:
               | The first two-thirds of this tutorial seems to be focused
               | on breaking down the components of a standard subtractive
               | synthesizer (essentially the synthesis process itself).
               | However, it doesn't really delve into how these
               | components are interconnected or how they operate as a
               | cohesive system. The latter part of the tutorial is more
               | aligned with what you're referring to. That said, the
               | knowledge gained here isn't universally applicable to
               | _all synthesizers_ , it's only applicable to Subtractive
               | Synths. If the tutorial took just one additional step, it
               | could provide a more complete foundation, but as it
               | stands, it leaves you wanting more (or worse, not know
               | you need to know more). For a more versatile pointed
               | approach, I suggested using something like VCV Rack,
               | because Its modular interface allows you to import only
               | the modules you need to explore or explain a specific
               | synthesis method. This hands-on method enables you to
               | experiment and internalize the concepts, which can then
               | be applied to the synthesizers you have on hand.
               | 
               | Most tutorial videos are 5-10 minutes long, and
               | completely reproducible and it's very clear the signal
               | flow from one part to the next.
        
               | adriand wrote:
               | Fair enough. I should try it, although I have a pretty
               | good grasp of how subtractive synths work. What about FM
               | synthesis, do you have any suggestions on that? I find it
               | the least intuitive by far, not that my experience
               | extends to many other kinds (I mainly use wavetable,
               | sample-based and subtractive synths these days).
        
               | weatherlight wrote:
               | I'd still do the first tutorial above, so you can
               | understand how to use VCV Rack, but here is a small
               | tutorial (10 minutes.) That will help you understand
               | what's going on under the hood of your favorite FM
               | synths. He doesn't do this in the video, but I would
               | attach the output to the oscilloscope module to get an
               | intuition for why certain parameters affect the specific
               | harmonics that give FM its characteristic sound.
               | 
               | Your FM synth at home is 100x more time complicated than
               | this patch you build but if you grok what's going on
               | here, you should have a better idea of what going on in
               | your other FM synths.
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/gzWFunWNTjQ?si=veuGdCTc1gETntO3
        
               | adriand wrote:
               | Thank you, that looks super helpful!
        
             | b3orn wrote:
             | It's not how all synths work, probably the most famous FM
             | synth the DX-7 never had a filter, additive synths don't
             | really need filters either, but for a subtractive synth
             | this would be unthinkable. And the general architecture of
             | any synth is usually not that hard, you have a source,
             | possibly filters, an amp and some modulators.
        
               | weatherlight wrote:
               | My friend, with the app above you can take 6 VCOs, have
               | them modulate each other and understand how the FM(phase)
               | synthesis on a DX7 works. Instead of guessing. Explore
               | why certain ratios produce bell like tones etc.
               | 
               | One of may favorite digital synths is the TX-81z. 4op FM.
               | One of the first digital synths where the operators
               | weren't restricted to sine waves. (DX7 had 6op FM)
               | 
               | If you just look at the specs. And even play with the
               | values you won't understand why one synth could obtain
               | sounds the other couldn't.
               | 
               | That "source" is usually the synthesis method.(usually
               | the complicated part outside of anything that's not a
               | traditional VCO)
               | 
               | If you have a filter, the resonance imparts a particular
               | sound as well.
               | 
               | Digitone is 4op fm as the source then that's funneled
               | through a pretty standard east coast architecture.
        
             | dingnuts wrote:
             | > You build the synth one module and one connection at a
             | time all connected to an oscilloscope.
             | 
             | making my music hobby feel like my job sounds terrible lol
        
               | weatherlight wrote:
               | I'm sorry :( I get it. It's how I feel about DAWs.
        
               | officeplant wrote:
               | Some of us are just synthesis hobbyists and the musical
               | part comes second. Exploration is a joy.
        
             | brudgers wrote:
             | _Sure, they may make some cool noises_
             | 
             | That is the point of making music.
             | 
             | The rest is exhaust fumes.
             | 
             | You don't have to know how something works to know how it
             | sounds.
             | 
             | And nobody ever danced to a lecture on signal flow.
        
               | weatherlight wrote:
               | Again, the OPs post is an introduction to synthesis. Good
               | luck finding those "sounds."
        
               | brudgers wrote:
               | You don't have to know theory to make acid with a TB-303,
               | i.e. the subtractive synth that changed music the most.
        
               | weatherlight wrote:
               | Not every one has a 303, Maybe they want to take that
               | cheap Behringer mono synth and do acid on that?
               | 
               | one could argue what made it great was that it only has 5
               | parameters that affects it's sound and it's sequencer,
               | (and it was a total flop financially for Roland and could
               | bought 2nd hand for like 50 bucks in Detroit. and dance
               | music is better for it!)
               | 
               | and as per the subtractive synth that change music the
               | most...I'm going to go with Moog or mini-Moog, without
               | them there's no 303, 101, Juno, Jupiter, etc.
               | 
               | I love me some good acid-house though, and much rather
               | have a 303 then a mini-moog. :)
        
               | brudgers wrote:
               | _much rather have a 303 then a mini-moog_
               | 
               | Thanks to Uli, I can afford the both. And a 2600, etc.
        
           | rambojohnson wrote:
           | OP actually gave pretty sound advice. maybe be a little more
           | constructive next time and less edgelord.
        
           | webstrand wrote:
           | I actually really think that starting with assembly would be
           | a great place for someone to start learning programming. But
           | not x86 and not on a traditional PC. Instead using some
           | microcontroller attached to a breadboard with a few simple
           | peripherals like a keypad, simple LCD (or maybe an
           | 8-segment).
           | 
           | The control-flow is obvious, the syntax is simple enough that
           | novices shouldn't struggle with it, and writing directly to
           | pins to control the peripherals gives immediate concrete
           | feedback.
        
           | beAbU wrote:
           | Surge is incredibly complex and powerful and will be way
           | overwhelming to a new user. They will be rediced to browsing
           | the patch library not really understanding how things work.
           | 
           | With VCVRack and the right tutorial, a user will build a
           | basic synth with an oscillator, filter, amp and envelope
           | generator - which together make up the fundamental core of
           | subtractive synthesis. The manual patching of modular is a
           | great way to actually learn how these building blocks
           | interact with one another to create sound.
        
           | xtagon wrote:
           | > This is like telling someone to learn programming by
           | starting with assembly.
           | 
           | Believe it or not, this is some people's preferred learning
           | style. See also: Nand2Tetris, Linux From Scratch
        
           | mtizim wrote:
           | I don't agree at all, vcv rack helped me understand synthesis
           | in a much deeper way than I would have otherwise. What's a
           | retrigger? Oscillator drift? Why do you modulate with a lfo?
           | These are much simpler to understand when you're patching
           | modules by hand in vcv, especially when you start with a
           | blank slate.
           | 
           | On the other hand, before vcv, seeing a vst synth just had me
           | overwhelmed instead.
           | 
           | I'd recommend everyone reading this to get free vcv + the
           | surge vcv library, and just play around with it.
        
           | AnthonBerg wrote:
           | One man's horrible recommendation is another's...
           | emancipation?
           | 
           | We're all uniquely different!, I promise; After a number of
           | other paradigms had failed to teach me programming, assembly
           | was what finally did it.
           | 
           | And with synthesis, it was FM first and then subtractive. The
           | picture is more concise when looking at it from the
           | perspective of frequency modulation because all oscillators
           | can do everything, you know? -That's the sense it made to me,
           | privately and personally.
        
             | javier123454321 wrote:
             | Don't have a dog in this fight as I don't know much about
             | synthesis, but I always remember the old saying. The best
             | book to learn about "hard subject" is the third book you
             | read on it.
             | 
             | How many people will comment on a youtube video, course,
             | strategy or book, and say something like - It's the best
             | explanation. I tried all these different things and only
             | this worked. The common denominator is previous failed
             | attempts at the subject.
        
           | officeplant wrote:
           | Free VSTs are great and all, but VCV Rack + a wealth of
           | online tutorials and synth knowledge seems like the perfect
           | option to me. Especially if someone is actually more
           | interested in the synthesis part than being musical. Plus VCV
           | Rack is also free to start with until you want to go much
           | much deeper.
           | 
           | I think they are both acceptable places to start and learn.
        
         | alexjplant wrote:
         | I bought a Moog Mother-32 and read the manual - I remember it
         | being very thick (for modern music gear) and informative. I
         | didn't do too much patching but by the time I was done I
         | understood the basics of subtractive synthesis.
         | 
         | A few years earlier I also had a DX9 that I foolishly used to
         | try and emulate analog sounds. Somehow I stumbled across an
         | article on Fourier series and how infinite sinusoidal
         | summations could be used to create the other types of
         | fundamental waves. Programming a 4-op DX synth to emulate these
         | and looking at waveforms in Audacity gave me a natural
         | intuition for how time series waves relate to frequency and
         | harmonic content.
         | 
         | If I had to do it all again I might get a Korg Minilogue since
         | it can display waveforms on its LCD and is digitally-
         | controlled.
        
           | alfiedotwtf wrote:
           | Yes! The Minilogue was where it clicked for me - solely
           | because is its oscilloscope
        
         | H1Supreme wrote:
         | Came here to post something similar, so I'll upvote your
         | comment, and add my own. I started building a Eurorack modular
         | synthesizer in 2009. Prior to that I would mostly tweak presets
         | on other synths. I knew what the filter did, and could adjust
         | an envelope, but didn't have a fundamental understanding of
         | what was going on.
         | 
         | When I started using the modular, I was forced to understand
         | the signal flow. And, the patch cables provided a visual cue of
         | what was happening. I learned more about synths in a year with
         | my eurorack system than I did in the previous 10 with hardwired
         | synths.
         | 
         | After you learn those basic rules for patching a synth, then
         | you get to break them. (-:
         | 
         | Recommending something like VCV rack seems like starting with
         | Calculus before you can solve 2+2, but it's really not. The
         | signal flow is right there for you to observe.
        
         | harvodex wrote:
         | I have never in 30 years of synths read subtractive synthesis
         | called Eastcoast or waveshaping called Westcoast.
         | 
         | Especially to put what it is actually called in parenthesis as
         | if everyone calls subtractive synthesis "Eastcoast".
         | 
         | This is certainly something very specific to the path you took
         | with synths.
        
           | weatherlight wrote:
           | I really hate to be that guy but... the terms "East Coast"
           | and "West Coast" synthesis are pretty mainstream within the
           | synth community, especially among those who follow the
           | history and styles of modular synthesis. These distinctions
           | were popularized as a way to categorize the approaches of
           | pioneers like Bob Moog, I'm sure you've heard of him. (East
           | Coast) and Don Buchla (West Coast).
           | 
           | East Coast synthesis, often associated with subtractive
           | synthesis, emphasizes traditional keyboard performance,
           | harmonic richness, and filters to shape sound. Meanwhile,
           | West Coast synthesis (credited to Buchla) leans more
           | experimental, focusing on waveshaping, FM synthesis, and
           | unconventional control interfaces.
           | 
           | The terms themselves have been around for _decades_ and have
           | become shorthand to describe these philosophies of synthesis
           | design and architecture of synths. You might not hear them as
           | much outside modular or academic circles, but they're far
           | from obscure.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Buchla
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog
        
         | bodge5000 wrote:
         | Personally I'm not sure I'd use VCV rack as an entry into
         | subtractive synthesis, simply because there's so much to
         | modular synthesis it could be hard to untangle one concept from
         | another. That being said, I think it is a great intro to
         | synthesis as a whole.
         | 
         | For me, it was the microbrute which really taught me
         | subtractive synthesis, simply because of how stripped back it
         | was, I couldn't just add a new module to cover up my bad sound
         | design. Though obviously that's far less accessible (PS150
         | hardware synth versus free software you can load up right now),
         | I'm sure there'd be a middle ground. I know iOS is really good
         | for its synth ecosystem, maybe there's a nice subtractive synth
         | there.
        
           | Crunchified wrote:
           | I did exactly that as well. I wanted to figure out what a
           | synthesizer does/is, so I bought a MicroBrute and had a great
           | deal of fun with it.
           | 
           | So much fun, in fact, that I bought a MatrixBrute not
           | terribly long afterward. Now _that's_ a monosynth to last me
           | a lifetime!
        
         | alfiedotwtf wrote:
         | Tangential, if you want to learn sound from synthesis, check
         | out Syntorial... you'll be able to hear a sound and approximate
         | it via subtractive synthesis!
        
       | obayesshelton wrote:
       | Actually posted about learning something new in 2025 and Synths
       | came up. Quite like this site.
        
       | ge96 wrote:
       | That's a neat browser permission prompt asking about MIDI,
       | haven't seen that one before
       | 
       | edit: side note making sound is one thing, making something
       | actually worth listening to...
        
         | throwaway314155 wrote:
         | MIDI support in browsers has gotta be like at least a decade
         | old at this point, right?
        
           | ge96 wrote:
           | I guess so I never got into making music, heard of the term
           | but yeah cool to see.
        
       | _spduchamp wrote:
       | I recommend the re-issue of Allen Strange's Electronic Music:
       | Systems, Techniques, and Controls.
       | 
       | It was successfully launched on Kickstarter a while ago, and is
       | now available through a few retailers.
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | My browser put up a dialog asking for permission to control midi
       | devices _before the site showed anything._
       | 
       | It's a good idea to show content before your page does anything
       | that asks for scary permissions. (And, honestly, without knowing
       | what the site does, its pretty scary to click on a link on hacker
       | news and have a site ask for elevated permissions before it shows
       | anything.)
        
         | javier123454321 wrote:
         | I mean, the link is to ableton.com, the most popular
         | professional music production software. You're not the target
         | audience if you haven't heard of it.
        
       | an_aparallel wrote:
       | I'd recommend a simple subtractive synth as a first:
       | 
       | >Behringer Model D >Novation Bass Station 2
       | 
       | Recommending VCV is horrible advice - unless your idea of
       | learning synthesis is getting RSI...I think VCV is a great
       | testing bed for trying modular ideas...once you understand
       | synthesis...i think a huge draw back of VCV is the plethora of
       | choice - it's just way way too much.
       | 
       | I learnt modular on a real life Doepfer modular...it was
       | frustrating as hell until things starting clicking - i cant
       | imagine the feedback loop on software being that good.
        
         | IAmGraydon wrote:
         | I would challenge what you're saying. An integrated synthesizer
         | like the Model D doesn't make the normalled signal path
         | apparent. On the other hand, modular forces you to see exactly
         | what's happening. You wire an oscillator to a filter. You wire
         | the filter to the VCA. You trigger the VCA with a voltage
         | envelope. You need a good teacher or tutorial, but if you have
         | that, modular or virtual modular is a far better teaching tool
         | IMO.
        
       | IAmGraydon wrote:
       | The presentation is cool but the order here is pretty bad. When
       | teaching subtractive synthesis, you really should start with the
       | oscillators and their waveforms (sine, tri, saw, square), then
       | talk about filter, then amplitude. That's really all there is to
       | it - create a fundamental and a series of harmonics, carve it
       | away with a filter and then give it an amplitude envelope. I love
       | Ableton, but I think they may have been a bit too focused on
       | making this look nice.
        
       | aecorredor wrote:
       | Ableton is awesome for putting this type of stuff out. The
       | learning music section is also great. And, it's a perfect post
       | for a shameless plug: I built a u-he Diva (my favorite VST synth)
       | tool for generating presets with AI. It's called Diva Copilot and
       | it can be accessed at https://divacopilot.com - I started out by
       | offering a free trial with 10 free presets and then a monthly $20
       | plan with 50 presets. You can also buy on-demand credits. It
       | works on top of a custom built RAG system that then uses GPT-4o
       | for actually generating .h2p files. I'm mainly working on
       | improving the knowledge base so that results get better and
       | better. Still, you can already get some super good results. I put
       | some examples in the landing page. Would love to get some
       | feedback!
        
       | gdsdfe wrote:
       | that's a nice wasm use case
        
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