[HN Gopher] Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease attributa...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease attributable to sugar
       beverages
        
       Author : tchalla
       Score  : 384 points
       Date   : 2025-01-07 17:51 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | sitkack wrote:
       | > Burdens of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
       | attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages in 184 countries
       | 
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03345-4.pdf
       | 
       | The data and the code used for the analysis appears to be
       | available.
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | One of the reasons that we don't have Universal Healthcare in the
       | US is that things that are categorically unhealthy would be
       | prohibited from being sold. Afterall, it would benefit not only
       | the receivers of care but also the people funding the healthcare
       | system. The sellers of those things will fight (to their death)
       | to prevent that environment from existing.
       | 
       | Not allowing something to be mass produced, marketed and sold is
       | different than banning it outright.
       | 
       | I personally think mass scale tobacco and soda should not be
       | sold, at the same time I think people can hand roll and pack a
       | pipe into the grave. Same for their at home bathtub soda.
        
         | malux85 wrote:
         | I think you strike a good balance between personal freedoms and
         | health of the population.
         | 
         | You're right in that availability is the problem.
         | 
         | If I go across the road to the store, there's a whole WALL
         | covered in hundreds, maybe thousands, of sugar drinks, all very
         | very cheap.
         | 
         | You know what there isn't any of in the whole store? Something
         | healthy and low sugar / high protein.
         | 
         | I have the luxury of time and a little bit of money so I can
         | choose, but what about the busy parent who just needs energy?
         | The busy office worker with a bunch of projects due, or just
         | the poor individual with not much money, I don't think it's
         | fair to setup these kind of situations and then blame the
         | individuals for their choices, we have to step in at a
         | governmental level
        
           | firesteelrain wrote:
           | FWIW - the convenient stores near me sell the Core Power
           | Elite Protein drinks. I have picked them up and it helps make
           | my protein goals on days where I come up short. They do taste
           | pretty good but more expensive than a soda.
           | 
           | It's possible people are depressed and looking for the most
           | tasty option.
        
             | ElevenLathe wrote:
             | One thing 7-11s have started stocking in recent years is
             | packaged hard boiled eggs. The price is insane if you
             | compare it to boiling your own, and they are a bit
             | tasteless, but you don't have to peel them and the price is
             | reasonable compared to other stuff there if you're stuck
             | eating lunch from 7-11.
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | It is more than twice the price of Wal-Mart! Well, I
               | guess that's the price of convenience.
               | 
               | 2/hard boiled eggs - $2.09 @ 7/11
               | 
               | 6/hard boiled eggs - $2.96 @ Wal-Mart
               | 
               | 6/raw eggs - $2.62 @ Wal-Mart
        
               | lithocarpus wrote:
               | Next compare the price of a donut vs the price of a bag
               | of flour and sugar ;)
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | You're paying for footprint. There's 320 Walmarts in
               | California and almost 2000 7-Elevens. There's zero
               | Walmarts in SF and San Mateo county, and at least
               | 50-Elevens. Those 7-Elevens are often in premium
               | locations downtown.
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | I am not sure I follow the discussion and its tie into
               | California - I am in the South US
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | I just picked a market.
        
               | hilux wrote:
               | Nice. "Tea eggs" are big in East Asian corner stores.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Two hard-boiled eggs and an apple is a pretty nutritious
               | lunch for about $2-$3 tops.
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | It's cheap but not nutritious. It's less than 300 cal and
               | 12g of protein + 4g of fiber. You would be hungry. Need
               | fiber and protein to keep you full
        
           | nnurmanov wrote:
           | I went little further. I could not find low or no sugar
           | Nestle cereals at the local supermarket, then I asked their
           | support if they have something with low sugar. Their rep
           | wrote that they have lowered the sugar amount by 34% from
           | 2000 to 2010, but it is still not clear if those amount are
           | OK, when I taste the sugar amount is definitely high. I do
           | think the government should step in and promote healthy food
           | and habits
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | So many of these "we lowered X" things are simply "We cut
             | the portion size down by 34% to hit calorie/sugar goals".
             | 
             | That's where you get dumb things like "Here's a candy bar
             | with 3.5 servings" to try and trick a consumer into
             | thinking it's not as calorie dense as it is.
        
             | samaltmanfried wrote:
             | It's really tragic that lots of Americans think this kind
             | of garbage is a healthier alternative to other kinds of
             | breakfast. It may actually have less sugar than pancakes
             | drenched in some disgusting syrup, but it's still garbage.
             | There's a real problem with nutritional literacy in this
             | country. The manufacturers of these products really aren't
             | helping here either. Cheerios have a big 'CAN LOWER
             | CHOLERSTEROL' plastered on the front of the pack, but the
             | contents are still literally 24% added sugar.
        
               | zargon wrote:
               | From the Cheerios box in my cupboard: 140 calories per
               | serving, 1g added sugar per serving. 1g carb = 4
               | calories. 4 / 140 = 3%.
               | 
               | I would not be at all surprised if some flavor of
               | Cheerios is 24% added sugar, but regular Cheerios are not
               | so bad in the sugar department.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _1g added sugar per serving_
               | 
               | That is still a good amount of sugar given it's every day
               | and setting your morning baseline. If taken with _e.g._ a
               | refined juice or sweetened coffee, that's probably
               | setting one up for sugar cravings in a few hours.
        
               | zargon wrote:
               | A slice of bread (in the U.S.) has more than 1g of added
               | sugar (and less than 140 calories). (If you know of any
               | besides Ezekiel that have less sugar, I would like to
               | hear about it.) I don't think it is fair to villainize
               | Cheerios when it is one of the least offensive options
               | among ultraprocessed breakfast cereals. Especially based
               | on... other things that aren't Cheerios? Juice (20+ g
               | sugar) and coffee sweetener (4+ g sugar) would be the
               | villains in this scenario.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _don 't think it is fair to villainize Cheerios when it
               | is one of the least offensive options among
               | ultraprocessed breakfast cereals_
               | 
               | You're correct. I'm damning the whole category within the
               | context of this discussion.
        
               | Xeronate wrote:
               | 1g of sugar per serving is hardly anything. You are
               | weakening your argument by being hyperbolic.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _1g of sugar per serving is hardly anything_
               | 
               | I'll stand by it being "a good amount" given it's
               | incorporated into a daily ritual.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | What is the serving size and more importantly how does
               | the serving size compare to what people actually eat?
        
               | zargon wrote:
               | Serving size is 1.5 cups. Regardless of how much people
               | eat, it's still only 3% added sugar.
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | There's nothing wrong with the "can lower cholesterol"
               | banner on it because it's a source of whole grains and it
               | has no saturated fat. That combo generally does lower
               | cholesterol when put to the test, and it probably is one
               | of the best cereals in the aisle.
               | 
               | Directing people towards better alternatives is a good
               | thing.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Is this regular Cheerios, or Honey Nut?
               | 
               | The Honey Nut Cheerios are glazed in sugar, but the plain
               | Cheerios (to my taste) don't have much if any. Don't have
               | any here to check the ingredients though. If I want
               | cereal for breakfast I generally make plain oatmeal.
        
         | Wytwwww wrote:
         | Can you not buy more or less as unhealthy products in countries
         | with universal healthcare as in US?
         | 
         | e.g. smoking rate is considerably higher in France or even in
         | Spain
         | 
         | Sugar consumption isn't relatively that high either compared to
         | most European countries:
         | 
         | https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-detai...
        
           | JumpinJack_Cash wrote:
           | > > smoking rate is considerably higher in France or even in
           | Spain
           | 
           | But they somehow compensate with other good habits
           | considering that lifespan and healthspan is greater than the
           | US.
           | 
           | Then we can get into a whole different conversation about the
           | intensity of one's life in the US v. Europe not just the
           | lenght, but that is a whole different conversation.
        
           | Eumenes wrote:
           | America's poor use EBT/food stamps to buy massive amounts of
           | junk food, including billions on soda. Those same people are
           | almost 100% on ACA or state health insurance plans and
           | milking the tax payer on treatment for obesity, diabetes, and
           | cardiovascular disease. There is no way, in my mind, it is
           | feasible to fund these lifestyles and provide the treatment
           | for it. Its absolutely insane.
        
             | HappySweeney wrote:
             | The soda is not consumed by the food stamp holder. It's
             | used as a medium to convert the balance to cash.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Do they? Food stamps in most states have restrictions on
             | what you can buy with them. My impression is soda is not on
             | the list. Of course this is (mostly?) the states and every
             | state has different rules so you probably need to cite 50
             | different state rules to verify this and thus an exception
             | state is likely.
        
               | mtalantikite wrote:
               | This is an ongoing debate, but afaik you can use them for
               | soda [1].
               | 
               | [1] https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/well/eat/food-
               | stamp-snap-...
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | That isn't the argument I made. Processed food industries
           | actively block healthcare reforms because they fear being
           | regulated for the now obvious public good.
        
             | signatoremo wrote:
             | Any source of that claim? That processed food manufacturers
             | lobbied against universal healthcare for fear of regulation
             | against their products?
        
             | Wytwwww wrote:
             | Perhaps. But I don't think that's the public consensus. So
             | it's hard to accept such arguments without any evidence.
             | 
             | AFAIK in Europe most food safety regulation is coming from
             | the EU directly and not the national governments. Also it's
             | not like all countries in Europe have public tax funded
             | healthcare systems.
             | 
             | Fundamentally some are inherently not that different from
             | the one in the US (i.e. semi-private or even entirely
             | privatized) it's just that they much better regulated and
             | much more efficient.
             | 
             | Even if we exclude private spending the US government
             | already spends more per capita on healthcare than most
             | other countries so why would anything change if e.g.
             | Medicare was extended to a higher proportion of the
             | population?
        
         | tanaros wrote:
         | > One of the reasons that we don't have Universal Healthcare in
         | the US is that things that are categorically unhealthy would be
         | prohibited from being sold. Afterall, it would benefit not only
         | the receivers of care but also the people funding the
         | healthcare system. The sellers of those things will fight (to
         | their death) to prevent that environment from existing.
         | 
         | Perhaps you're implying something unique about the US, but
         | those products are still sold in other countries that have
         | state-funded universal health care.
        
           | Mistletoe wrote:
           | It's just your normal run-of-the-mill HN posting that makes
           | no sense and doesn't match reality.
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | This argument by massive processed food industries, that if
           | we get Universal Healthcare, that their products and
           | practices will be curtailed because it will be for the actual
           | monetary public good says nothing about what is sold in
           | countries with public healthcare.
           | 
           | Are you saying that corporate processed food manufacturers
           | are not making that statement?
           | 
           | Clearly there is a problem with soda consumption leading to
           | obesity in countries with Universal Healthcare, but that
           | isn't the argument I am making.
        
             | tanaros wrote:
             | > Are you saying that corporate processed food
             | manufacturers are not making that statement?
             | 
             | No. I have no knowledge of what statements such
             | manufacturers are or are not making.
             | 
             | However, your original post said "One of the reasons that
             | we don't have Universal Healthcare in the US is that things
             | that are categorically unhealthy would be prohibited from
             | being sold." This phrasing implies that the statement is
             | true, or at least you believe it to be true. So it seemed
             | relevant to offer a counter-example.
             | 
             | Even if you had originally said "corporate processed food
             | manufacturers claim their products will be curtailed and
             | lobby heavily on this point," I think it would still be
             | useful to point out that such claims are highly likely to
             | be false given past experience in other countries.
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | Those other countries already have Universal Healthcare,
               | so no lobbying against UH will be effective or
               | successful. The fact that other countries have a supply
               | of unhealthy processed food doesn't have any bearing
               | about how much effort US food companies will put in
               | preventing UH.
               | 
               | You can see their concerted response when sugar taxes are
               | instituted.
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | > One of the reasons that we don't have Universal Healthcare in
         | the US is that things that are categorically unhealthy would be
         | prohibited from being sold.
         | 
         | For the most unhealthy class of people that are most affected
         | by things like T2 diabetes, we have universal healthcare. At 65
         | you get Medicare which covers diabetes treatment.
         | 
         | We have yet to ban sodas despite the added cost to the
         | taxpayers.
         | 
         | > I personally think mass scale tobacco and soda should not be
         | sold, at the same time I think people can hand roll and pack a
         | pipe into the grave. Same for their at home bathtub soda.
         | 
         | For tobacco, the age restriction has been the thing that has
         | limited use more than anything. People don't tend to pick up
         | smoking once they hit 21. Millennials by and large do not smoke
         | and the anti-tobacco legislation in the 90s is a large part of
         | that.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, because the legislation didn't target all
         | nicotine products that left the door open for vape companies to
         | come in and get Gen Z and Alpha addicted to nicotine all over
         | again.
         | 
         | A broad ban on the sale of nicotine products to minors should
         | be in place. It certainly shouldn't be sold over the internet.
         | 
         | Soda is trickier. I don't think an outright ban would be right
         | (though it would have a fair number of positive health
         | benefits). A sin tax would likely be ineffective and age checks
         | seems like it would be somewhat burdensome.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | > Unfortunately, because the legislation didn't target all
           | nicotine products that left the door open for vape companies
           | to come in and get Gen Z and Alpha addicted to nicotine all
           | over again.
           | 
           | Gen Z and Alpha nicotine use rates are still lower than
           | Millennials in absolute terms; it's happily not a huge
           | problem (nevermind that stuff like Zyn is unambiguously much
           | healthier than smoking cigs).
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | I don't think people realize the scale of soda consumption that
         | needs to happen to have health issues. By and large the people
         | in these affected studies are not drinking water at all. They
         | are getting all their thirst needs met by a sugary drink. That
         | is so overboard. You can have a can of coke every now and then
         | and not have your enamel slough off.
        
           | ElCapitanMarkla wrote:
           | We had a family friend who is in her late 50s stay for a
           | couple of days over Christmas, all she drunk was Diet Coke.
           | Even going to bed at night she took a bottle of Diet Coke
           | with her. The thought of waking up through the night for a
           | swig of Coke grosses me out a bit. And yes, she is the
           | absolute picture of health...
        
             | neom wrote:
             | eh, Diet Coke is primarily water, aspartame, phosphoric
             | acid and caffeine. I drink 5/6 of them a day (don't like
             | water much). The paper linked actually says short term
             | effects of diet soda are less problematic, but recent
             | evidence suggests that aspartame may have harms on the
             | microbiome and glucose tolerance generally.
             | 
             | That said, the idea of drinking anything either sweet or
             | carbonated before bed, during the night, or in the morning,
             | mind boggling to me, that does sound really gross.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Have you ever tried plain carbonated water? It's more
               | interesting than still water, and for me more thirst
               | quenching. Easy to make at home with a Soda Stream or
               | similar, just don't add any of their syrup.
        
               | neom wrote:
               | alright fine, you win universe. SoftTalker, I'll drink
               | more water ok?
        
             | KittenInABox wrote:
             | I mean, diet coke explicitly doesn't have the kind of sugar
             | in this study.
        
           | ozim wrote:
           | Mostly from own experience I know poor people drink sodas and
           | as you get used to the taste you don't like taste of plain
           | water - even when you have decent tap water.
           | 
           | As an adult I started drinking tap water and now I don't like
           | taste of sodas anymore. I am happy that I got over with it
           | but still have some people I know stuck on sodas and
           | disliking plain water taste.
        
             | Spivak wrote:
             | I think "don't like the taste of water" accurately
             | describes me. That being said I do have a rule of "never
             | drink anything with calories" specifically to avoid the
             | sugar. But I don't know what you plain water drinkers are
             | on about, the added flavor tricks me into drinking way more
             | than I would naturally.
             | 
             | Humans have been constantly flavoring our water for
             | thousands of years, I think the verdict is in that water
             | tastes kinda meh. I would take tea or flavor extracts every
             | time.
        
               | EasyMark wrote:
               | I like my water flavored. I tend to keep some lime/lemon
               | juice around and that works well for me, maybe something
               | can work for you
        
               | ozim wrote:
               | Well exactly plain water doesn't really have a taste so
               | it is meh and requires getting used to.
               | 
               | Especially when all you drink are sweet sodas it is
               | really hard to get used to plain water.
        
         | lithocarpus wrote:
         | I don't know that that's true. Most healthcare is subsidized.
         | And so is the sugar. There's very little movement to restrict
         | the sugar. There are profits to be made on both ends (selling
         | the sugar and the insulin for example) by those who have
         | captured the relevant parts of the government.
        
         | bagels wrote:
         | Canada has universal healthcare and they drink plenty of sugary
         | drinks there too.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | Yes, but we call them pop, not soda :-)
           | 
           | Or at least used to. 51st-ifying is underway.
        
         | officeplant wrote:
         | >I personally think mass scale tobacco and soda should not be
         | sold, at the same time I think people can hand roll and pack a
         | pipe into the grave. Same for their at home bathtub soda.
         | 
         | I'd be fine with that to be honest. I'd drink soda water going
         | forward just to not have to smell cigarettes, but be fine with
         | people backyarding some tobacco to make their own cigars.
         | 
         | It would probably even be healthier to force people to make
         | their own syrup for soda at home vs the ease of obtaining it
         | now.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Before we go here, what is the alternative. If restrict soda
         | and people switch to beer even if they will be driving that
         | could be much worse. (I don't otherwise know how the effects of
         | alcohol vs soda come up but that too is a question worth
         | asking)
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _what is the alternative_
           | 
           | Shrubs [1]!
           | 
           | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrub_(drink)
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | There are many alternatives, but what is important here
             | isn't what you recommend, it is what people choose.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _what is important here isn 't what you recommend, it
               | is what people choose_
               | 
               | Do we have any evidence soda drinkers sub Coke for
               | alcohol? I'd have guessed artifically-sweetened soft
               | drinks would have been the substitute.
        
               | Nasrudith wrote:
               | If I recall correctly part of the origin of soda was
               | doing the reverse, from efforts to actively substitute
               | for alcohol. Hence why they emphasized as "soft drinks"
               | as a marketing category.
               | 
               | As for other substitutes, we've seen highly sweetened
               | coffee drinks as the common one, to the point where soda
               | taxes started to face accusations that they are actually
               | thinly veiled classism due to exclusion of more white
               | collar "Starbucks" type drinks. Rightfully or wrongly
               | they have a point about it at least looking bad.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | I wasn't intending to imply that is what would happen.
               | That is the worst substitute I can think of. If high
               | sugar coffee would also be counted as soda for the laws -
               | something that isn't a given - this seems even more
               | likely.
        
           | EasyMark wrote:
           | I don't know anyone who would switch from soda to beer??
           | probably tea, or coffee, or lemonade or flavored sparkling
           | water
        
           | itishappy wrote:
           | I don't think that's a relevant comparison. They're both
           | beverages, sure, but that's about where the similarities end.
           | As drugs they're entirely different. May as well add
           | Ayahuasca to consideration as well.
           | 
           | I could see tea or coffee (particularly the sweetened
           | varieties) and sparkling water, but honestly I think the most
           | likely alternative will just be plain ol' water.
        
         | curiousgal wrote:
         | > One of the reasons that we don't have Universal Healthcare in
         | the US is that things that are categorically unhealthy would be
         | prohibited from being sold.
         | 
         | Yeah that not it boss. Never did I come across something
         | getting banned in France because of healthcare costs.
        
         | gklitz wrote:
         | > One of the reasons that we don't have Universal Healthcare in
         | the US is that things that are categorically unhealthy would be
         | prohibited from being sold.
         | 
         | Counter argument: Pretty much every other nation has socialized
         | healthcare and still allows sugary beverages and tobacco
         | products.
        
       | tomcar288 wrote:
       | It's good to see more studies come on this but it's not exactly
       | news. Researchers have known for quite some time now that there's
       | an entire constellation of diseases (diabetes, stroke, certain
       | cancers, fatty liver disease, heart disease, etc, etc) known as
       | metabolic syndrome that are all caused by diet and lifestyle.
        
         | lithocarpus wrote:
         | What's new to me is that it's becoming newsworthy, more people
         | are talking about it.
         | 
         | To my current understanding, metabolic syndrome caused by sugar
         | / glucose spikes is by far the biggest root cause of physical
         | health issue in the US. Most people I know personally who are
         | suffering from physical ailments, it's most likely metabolic
         | syndrome at the root of it.
         | 
         | How to shift culture on this? When I'm in civilization in the
         | US I'm constantly confronted with foods I have to turn down. It
         | doesn't have to be that way.
         | 
         | Furthermore, because of what is in my opinion bad science and
         | propaganda, a lot of people still think they need to stay away
         | from saturated fat, which pushes them toward processed high
         | glycemic index foods. Sure, you can eat a low saturated fat and
         | low glycemic diet but it's not so easy. I'm serious it's
         | shocking the number of people suffering from metabolic syndrome
         | / diabetes who have told me they are trying to stay away from
         | saturated fat but are eating crazy amounts of sugar.
         | 
         | I hope this continues to be talked about more and more so the
         | people I love can turn down sugar without feeling like they're
         | radical and countercultural.
         | 
         | Partly I think there's a taboo on talking about health and
         | diet, that would be good to shift. I'm not about fat shaming
         | but diabetes is really just bad, and preventable and
         | reversible, and I'd like for that to be widely agreed on and
         | talked about.
         | 
         | Will also be interesting to see how lawsuits like this play
         | out:
         | https://chat.google.com/dm/wQTk3gAAAAE/WPNwzCxw9sI/WPNwzCxw9...
        
           | Mistletoe wrote:
           | It's not propaganda. Saturated fat is bad. That's a common
           | internet belief that runs rampant because saturated fat
           | tastes good and it sounds awesome to believe some conspiracy
           | against it.
           | 
           | https://www.heart.org/en/news/2019/10/21/advisory-
           | replacing-...
           | 
           | Most of it always tracks back to Nina Teicholz. I wonder how
           | many people she is sending to the grave?
           | 
           | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6.
           | ..
        
             | lithocarpus wrote:
             | I know it's hotly debated and I don't imagine I could
             | convince you :). This is my opinion.
             | 
             | If I read right, you're saying that an entire food group
             | that people have been eating for eons is simply "bad",
             | specifically, meat, dairy, and eggs, in their unprocessed
             | form. The argument I've seen is that it's better to eat a
             | new kind of food that people have only begun eating in
             | quantity within the last hundred ish years requiring
             | industrial technology. (Specifically, oils extracted from
             | plant material using solvents like hexane.)
             | 
             | I'm open minded but this is a really serious claim and I'd
             | need really solid evidence which I haven't seen, and I've
             | looked. There are a lot of studies; those that I've looked
             | into have too many confounding variables for me to take
             | their conclusions at face value.
             | 
             | I could also see the possibility that saturated fat in
             | someone who already has metabolic syndrome might increase
             | their risk of heart disease, and maybe be considered the
             | proximate cause, in cases where the root cause is the
             | metabolic syndrome caused by sugar in the first place.
             | 
             | There's also the question of there being different kinds of
             | LDL cholesterol and it perhaps actually serving a function
             | in the body that isn't categorically bad, even if in some
             | circumstances the metric correlates with atherosclerosis.
        
         | interestica wrote:
         | > It's good to see more studies come on this but it's not
         | exactly news. Researchers have known for quite some time now
         | 
         | A growing body of studies signals consensus - that's
         | newsworthy. This ties two specific factors together rather than
         | any general metabolic syndrome.
        
         | arcticbull wrote:
         | Just to clarify metabolic syndrome isn't the umbrella term for
         | all of these things.
         | 
         | Metabolic syndrome is when you have 3 or more of: central
         | adiposity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high
         | triglycerides and low HDL.
         | 
         | You can have any of these independently, it becomes metabolic
         | syndrome when you hit the bingo.
        
           | dantodor wrote:
           | Those are the most obvious and easy to spot signs. Metabolic
           | syndrome is dysfunction at the mitochondrial level.
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | > Metabolic syndrome is dysfunction at the mitochondrial
             | level.
             | 
             | It might or might not be involved. At this point, it's not
             | clear. Obesity and insulin resistance are the most likely
             | proximate causes.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Also good that GLP-1s have been found to help people patch the
         | reward center around unhealthy diet demand signals. We know
         | these things are bad, we know will power isn't a solution, and
         | we have a fix we can deploy at scale relatively inexpensively.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41988285 ("HN: GLP-1 for
         | Everything")
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42579445 ("HN: Weight loss
         | drugs seem to be driving down grocery bills")
         | 
         | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5073929 |
         | https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5073929 ("The No-Hunger Games:
         | How GLP-1 Medication Adoption is Changing Consumer Food
         | Purchases")
        
           | bitmasher9 wrote:
           | Saying will power isn't a solution is insulting to everyone
           | that successfully made lifestyle and diet changes to become
           | healthier without pharmaceutical intervention.
           | 
           | It may not work for everyone all the time, but I know a lot
           | of people that have made these changes.
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | This is just an uncharitable / strawman interpretation of
             | what they said. They are concerned with all the people left
             | over once you remove the people that just had to muster up
             | "willpower". And they are concerned for the people who
             | weren't dealt the same hand of traits that us fit people
             | have.
        
             | lazyasciiart wrote:
             | Their willpower doesn't appear to have solved the issue on
             | a societal level, and it is not an insult to say that.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | If one is insulted, they should revisit their mental model
             | and emotional state. There is no gold star for will power
             | because someone lucked out with genetics and brain
             | chemistry/structure. "Be more lucky" is not actionable for
             | the body you are issued.
             | 
             | We can patch bugs in the human, and we should whenever
             | possible and desired by the person. This helps them make
             | their own luck.
        
               | jacobgkau wrote:
               | You are transferring the problem from the foods industry
               | to the pharmaceutical industry. I hope "one" knows that.
               | 
               | The "bugs" are not in "the human," they're in the food
               | industry. Fixing our food supply would be far better for
               | individuals and society than fighting fire with fire by
               | leaving our food broken and using drugs to work around
               | it.
               | 
               | In the meantime, doing what you can to unbreak your diet
               | without using drugs is still far smarter than relying on
               | an artificial "fix" for the "machine" that is literally
               | you (and can't be tossed and replaced when you find out
               | your "fix" caused other issues, which happens almost
               | every time the pharma industry provides shortcuts for
               | people). Doing it this way also moves your demand as a
               | consumer to the unbroken parts of the food supply, which
               | will help everyone else as food companies are
               | incentivized to cater to that instead of continuing on
               | with what they're doing.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | If this is your belief, then you do not understand the
               | mechanisms by which GLP-1 agonists work. They silence the
               | signals in the brain craving the unhealthy foods in
               | question. You will never win against your brain
               | chemistry.
        
               | jacobgkau wrote:
               | "You will never win against your brain chemistry" is a
               | defeatist way to dismiss taking basically any action,
               | ever. People _selling_ you artificial solutions will, of
               | course, be incentivized to convince you that it 's true.
               | 
               | Humans lived for thousands of years (without the
               | widespread diet-related ailments we're seeing epidemics
               | of today) without artificially "fixing" their own brain
               | chemistry. This is not an internal medicine problem, it's
               | an external food supply and societal lifestyle problem.
               | 
               | If you want to say it's _too hard_ for you (you, only) to
               | do what 's required to not get sick and you'd rather rely
               | on medicine, fine. But it is actually insulting to
               | pretend like everyone needs a crutch just because you do.
               | The main thing is that the crutch should be a last
               | resort, and "willpower isn't a solution" should not be a
               | common mantra to push the crutch as the first option.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Is this why GLP-1s are so effective at scale and your
               | theory is not? We tried the silly will power way, that
               | did not work. We tried GLP-1s, and they clearly work
               | because industries are shifting because of it. If you
               | want to ignore data out of a belief system, that's a
               | choice. You believe the intervention is inferior to will.
               | But the evidence clearly shows the vast majority of
               | humans are assisted by an intervention versus "will
               | power" which does not work (gold stars to those who need
               | to feel better about themselves they don't need an
               | intervention).
               | 
               | I don't take GLP-1s, but I support getting them to
               | everyone who wants them and ignoring anyone who tries to
               | stop that, or says that is a lesser path for lesser
               | people. I hope you learn to give grace, because lucky
               | people are just lucky, not special.
        
               | jacobgkau wrote:
               | > We tried the silly will power way, that did not work.
               | 
               | They still work for plenty of people, just not you. They
               | _can_ work for more if we enable healthy diets and
               | lifestyles as a society.
               | 
               | And no, that's not a "gold star" to the people who were
               | able to literally have their "machine" work as designed.
               | It's rather a gold star for you to not acknowledge if you
               | needed artificial assistance to exist.
               | 
               | > Is this why GLP-1s are so effective at scale... We
               | tried GLP-1s, and they clearly work because industries
               | are shifting because of it.
               | 
               | None of the articles you cited in your earlier comment
               | address "scale" at all, nor provide evidence of "shifting
               | industries." Two of them address changes in the spending
               | patterns of high-income consumers who are already using
               | the drug (unrelated to the proportion of the total
               | population using the drug), and the third is a blog post
               | by a doctor literally selling GLP-1s as a miracle drug
               | ("It's getting to the point of wondering what GLP-1
               | agonists _aren 't_ good for"-- yikes).
               | 
               | Your most recent KFF link (which it looks like you
               | removed) claims 12% of adults have taken GLP-1 drugs
               | (going off of a single poll taken by a health-tracking
               | organization-- probably biased towards people actively
               | working on their health). If that number was true, it
               | would be alarming that over 10% of humans needed an
               | artificial fix for a problem created by the food industry
               | and socially sanctioned sedentary lifestyles, not
               | something to parade around like you've actually fixed the
               | underlying problem.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Pharmaceutical companies would love for you to believe
               | that. They salivate over the idea that they can convince
               | you that you need their products for the rest of your
               | life. They aren't any different from the common street
               | dealer in many ways. They don't really care about your
               | health, only that you keep coming back.
        
             | KittenInABox wrote:
             | By this logic I, a person who has never been at risk of
             | financial insolvency partially due to my lack of consumer
             | addiction/upbringing with financial literacy, should be
             | insulted by someone who says that budgeting isn't a
             | solution to systemic poverty.
        
               | jacobgkau wrote:
               | No, by this logic, you _should_ be insulted by someone
               | saying paid professional accountants managing all of your
               | money is the _only_ way for society to avoid widespread
               | debt because  "most people" haven't managed to bring
               | themselves to do the basic at-home budgeting that you're
               | used to.
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | > by this logic, you _should_ be insulted by someone
               | saying paid professional accountants managing all of your
               | money is the _only_ way for society
               | 
               | But toomuchtodo _didn 't_ write that GLP-1s were the
               | _only_ way to address the issue. So maybe there 's no
               | reason to be insulted. Perhaps you could exercise your
               | willpower and not feel insulted by things that didn't
               | happen.
        
         | ericmcer wrote:
         | That is true but I think emphasizing liquid sugar is
         | particularly important. When I was young I tried to bulk (for
         | sports) several times and ate an obscene amount of
         | carbohydrates and protein, think like 8 hot dogs and half a
         | gallon of milk for lunch... roughly 4k calories a day of
         | carbs/protein/fat.
         | 
         | I never got past 220. I would get terrible heartburn and
         | bloating and be too full to eat enough, 220 seemed to be about
         | the max my body could obtain without severe discomfort. It
         | always made me wonder how people get up into the 300+ range.
         | Liquified sugar seems like the only food that your body can
         | process efficiently enough to get you into those massive weight
         | categories.
        
         | tasty_freeze wrote:
         | The study quantifies the effect. The paper doesn't just say
         | "Drinking too much sugar is bad for you."
         | 
         | Say one group drinks six cans of coke a day per person vs
         | another group drink only water. Overall they have similar
         | caloric intake and expenditures. What is the increase in type 2
         | diabetes for the first group vs the second? Yes, it is not
         | surprising it would be higher, but is it 5%? 10%? 50%? 100%?
         | more?
        
       | dotcoma wrote:
       | Really? I thought it was salad's fault.
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | I'd bet a dollar per gram additive sugar tax in excess of 5g
       | would immediately flatten the chronic disease curve. Maybe double
       | that if it's marketed towards kids. There are a lot of problems
       | besides sugar/HFCS but it's easily towards the top of the list.
        
         | jopsen wrote:
         | Shops will just sell the sugar and the soda separately, mix it
         | yourself :)
         | 
         | Or people will pay more.
        
           | bitmasher9 wrote:
           | I bet adding the sugar yourself would reduce consumption
           | considerably. Which would be the goal of the tax.
        
             | llamaimperative wrote:
             | Unfortunately Internet people like to point out the
             | hypothetical 99th percentile person who would evade/be
             | immune to such incentives and suggest that therefore, it
             | would not be worth doing.
             | 
             | It's such a common and lazy pattern on HN :(
        
               | Someone1234 wrote:
               | When I read those, I don't actually think those people
               | believe their own arguments. They started with a
               | conclusion, like "sugar taxes are bad," and then worked
               | backwards to find an argument to fit it. That's why when
               | you challenge them they just shift the goalposts.
        
           | PaulRobinson wrote:
           | Not what has happened in the UK, where sugar tax has been a
           | thing since 2018. It's now actually quite hard to find a
           | sweetened drink - almost all soda-style beverages now are
           | "zero sugar", sweetened with artificial sweeteners. Nobody is
           | buying sugar and pouring it in. Nobody.
           | 
           | It's a little too early to determine if this has slowed the
           | prevalence of diabetes in the population. One problem is that
           | other studies have shown that drinking artificially sweetened
           | beverages with foods means many people end up eating more
           | calories of food - the brain is looking for calories
           | indicated by the sweet taste its not getting from the
           | beverage, so compensates.
           | 
           | It's a complex picture, but sugar taxes seem to be a
           | reasonable way to get sugary drinks off the shelves.
        
             | Melting_Harps wrote:
             | > It's a complex picture, but sugar taxes seem to be a
             | reasonable way to get sugary drinks off the shelves.
             | 
             | As a person who is indifferent to the prospect, I fail to
             | see why?
             | 
             | When I lived in the UK a lot of people who couldn't afford
             | real juice would buy 'squash' and drink it as a replacement
             | for juice. I personally found it entirely revolting and way
             | too sugary but on occasion used it in my teas to flavor
             | them: I just can't see why the consumer should be punished
             | with less options, or worse those made with things like
             | aspertame, then simply rely on the consumer to use said
             | product responsibly. I guess one can say with things like
             | the NHS the consequences are socialized, but even that is a
             | stretch as the British diet is a near mirror image of it's
             | American counterpart in it's wide use of highly processed
             | and refined foodstuff.
             | 
             | Besides, if you go to the smaller shops run by non-Anglo
             | merchants you will find every conceivable item you can
             | imagine: I personally think Turkish food has way too much
             | sugar in it's diet, but as I found out from our baker they
             | make the most amazing fruit syrups to make deserts with,
             | which incidentally make for good tea enhancers as well!
             | 
             | Again, maybe I'm just too biased given my lived experience
             | in this space, but nothing has yet to convince me that
             | price alone serves as a real deterrent to really solve this
             | issue, only an improved lifestyle choice where those
             | calories get effectively used end up really solving the
             | core issue.
        
               | frameset wrote:
               | > When I lived in the UK a lot of people who couldn't
               | afford real juice would buy 'squash' and drink it as a
               | replacement for juice. I personally found it entirely
               | revolting and way too sugary
               | 
               | Are you aware that you're supposed to dilute squash to
               | taste? It's just concentrated juice. If it's too sweet,
               | you haven't added enough water.
        
               | Melting_Harps wrote:
               | Yes, even then the horrid taste left a terrible feel in
               | my mouth, which is why it was only palatable with fruit
               | tea and with additional citrus juice for my tastes: and
               | even then I still don't want it removed from the market
               | if it serves a specific demographic.
        
             | protimewaster wrote:
             | Last time I was in the UK, nearly everywhere that sold soda
             | offered the full calorie, full sugar version of Coke. Pepsi
             | and other drinks were often only available in lower or zero
             | sugar, but Coke was almost always available in the full
             | sugar version, for some reason.
        
               | Someone1234 wrote:
               | It is a choice manufacturers made.
               | 
               | Pepsi and Dr. Pepper decided to go lower sugar with
               | supplemental artificial sweeteners to keep their price
               | down, whereas Coca-Cola kept the original formula, but it
               | costs more.
               | 
               | To put figures to this:
               | 
               | - Pepsi (11g sugar per 250 ml): 8.8p/100ml
               | 
               | - Dr. Pepper (11g sugar per 250 ml): 10.0p/100ml
               | 
               | - Coca-Cola (27g sugar per 250 ml): 14.2p/100ml
               | 
               | "full sugar" Dr. Pepper also contains: Aspartame,
               | Acesulfame K
               | 
               | "full sugar" Pepsi contains: Sucralose, Acesulfame K
               | 
               | So after the sugar tax some people moved to these hybrid
               | drinks whereas others just moved whole-hog to Pepsi Max
               | and Diet Dr. Pepper which are commonly cheaper and have
               | the same aftertaste as their "full sugar" variants.
        
             | amluto wrote:
             | It would be interesting to see the effect of a _sweetness_
             | tax. See if the manufacturers can make desirable beverages
             | that don't taste so sweet (and don't have whatever effect
             | triggering sweetness receptors so intensely has).
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | In Poland there's a tax for both sugary and artificially
               | sweetened drinks since 2021. Also caffeine and taurine.
               | 
               | In one year the effect for beverages over all was 36%
               | raise in proce and 20% drop in sales. Surprisingly sales
               | of energy drinks rose by 4%.
               | 
               | Caffeine drinks can't be sold to non-adults now so that
               | probably dropped too.
               | 
               | In two years 60% of beverages altered their ingredients.
               | Tax income was less than you expected.
        
           | skeeter2020 wrote:
           | they'll optimize the packaging to help you out. My mom tells
           | me about how margarine used to come with a yellow color
           | packet to mix into your white spread. The dairy board lobbied
           | to make it illegal to sell yellow margarine because "it looks
           | like butter". Didn't seem to hurt Oleo much...
           | 
           | https://www.cbc.ca/archives/when-consumers-had-to-diy-for-
           | th...
        
           | sushid wrote:
           | Both would reduce demand so a sharp drop off would still be
           | fairly realistic. Of course, getting anything done at the
           | federal would be impossible in the US today.
        
         | Melting_Harps wrote:
         | > I'd bet a dollar per gram additive sugar tax in excess of 5g
         | would immediately flatten the chronic disease curve. Maybe
         | double that if it's marketed towards kids. There are a lot of
         | problems besides sugar/HFCS but it's easily towards the top of
         | the list.
         | 
         | It doesn't, it doesn't even discourage the purchases unless
         | (perhaps?) universally adopted: Boulder, CO has had a sugar tax
         | for a while now, and all it does is punish not curtail the
         | consumer: often the poorer ones most as it accounts for a
         | larger part of their income/wages. If they are so motivated
         | they continue to buy said sugary drink at an inflated price
         | with no benefit, or simply go 6 miles out of town and purchase
         | in bulk if they are committed to said behaviour. I've seen it
         | all too often,and have even managed to 'hack' the system by
         | buying things that contain sugar but somehow flew under the
         | radar (San Peligrino fruit flavored sodas).
         | 
         | It's all just window dressing and shows just how poorly
         | educated the average consumer is in measuring the necessary
         | caloric intake relative to their lifestyle(s), but perhaps more
         | importantly how food has been weaponized, mainly in the US,
         | which has a direct correlation to type 2 diabetes being so
         | prevalent in the first place.
         | 
         | It's hard to blame either or entirely, but I'd saw its a 30:70
         | with the former and latter respectively.
         | 
         | The truth is I stopped drinking soda after peaking in my early
         | 20s to late teens, I still have a relatively fast metabolism
         | and an active lifestyle to supplement it, but the feeling you
         | get from the sugar high of continued use has gone from
         | energizing back then to feeling ill for hours now.
         | 
         | I occasionally drink soda with specific meals, often for
         | nostalgia to this day, but its hardly a daily or even weekly
         | thing for me anymore.
         | 
         | Ultimately, if your reasoning/logic were true we would see a
         | dramatic drop in fast food consumption due to the higher prices
         | but that simply isn't the case and corps in the fast food
         | industry are reporting record profits YoY in this market
         | despite the increase in price.
         | 
         | I see food the same way I see drugs at this point, both in
         | excess or when misused can be incredibly dangerous, the best a
         | Society can do is to safely regulate and educate it's populace
         | in the pros/cons usage of both: nothing will stop a person from
         | seeking or abusing either if they so desire. And its is a
         | larger loss in agency for said Society to pretend it can as it
         | often leads to draconian measures with no meaningful or
         | effective outcome (eg sugar tax).
         | 
         | In fact having worked in all aspects of the food industry from
         | farm to table for a significant portion of my life, restaurant
         | culture and the art of cuisine/gastronomy wouldn't even be a
         | thing if it weren't for the debauchery and the unruly excess of
         | the clientele who were ready and willing to drop up to a day's
         | wage on a meal(s) and accompanying alcohol were it not for the
         | 'uninhibited decadence'a of the consumer.
        
           | adamc wrote:
           | I would expect it to work badly whenever a person could
           | easily cross a boundary. In larger cities -- say, New York --
           | it would suffer similar, but fewer, problems simply because
           | the average effort of getting outside the city would be
           | higher.
           | 
           | You see this between states when tax regimes differ. Sure,
           | those who live near the border "cheat". But most people live
           | far enough away that they are affected by the tax.
           | 
           | There is lots of counter-evidence to your propositions,
           | notably involving the effect of raising prices on cigarettes,
           | which _does_ discourage smoking.
        
           | taeric wrote:
           | I'm curious if you have data showing this? Last I heard,
           | which a quick google seems to back up, is that Seattle's
           | similar tax had modest benefits.
           | (https://sph.washington.edu/news-events/sph-blog/sugar-
           | sweete...) Took a brief look to see if there were strong
           | challenges to this, but I didn't find anything.
        
             | Melting_Harps wrote:
             | > I'm curious if you have data showing this?
             | 
             | Regarding the sugar tax? Only empirical/anecdotal, I'm
             | afraid: the fact is, as mentioned in my statement and in a
             | response below, is that it's a geographical based tax,
             | which while annoying can be trivially circumvented. (And
             | even then black-markets emerge to meet that demand, or
             | better known as System-D.)
             | 
             | A better analysis would be the effects of better health and
             | the decrease in tobacco smokers in younger generations over
             | the last decades, which is mainly a product of discretion.
             | I can assure you having lived with a pack a day people no
             | amount of advertising, gross tumor pictures on the side of
             | the box, high costs/taxes came close to people just
             | realizing it's a horrible thing to do to your health.
             | 
             | Arguably this led to the mass vaping trend, and a myriad of
             | other ailments associated to that, but still what remains
             | is that tax while a deterrent is no match for proper
             | market-product-fit--how ever dangerous, or stupid one may
             | think said behavour is.
             | 
             | > There is lots of counter-evidence to your propositions,
             | notably involving the effect of raising prices on
             | cigarettes, which does discourage smoking.
             | 
             | Here is the thing, I spent a lot of time in Europe where
             | smoking is still incredibly prevalent and culturally
             | relevant and the taxes are still incredibly high, the
             | result: people just buy loose tobacco and roll it
             | themselves to bypass the higher tax on pre-roll stuff
             | offered every where.
             | 
             | The ancillary products sold in 'head-shops' become a niche
             | market unto themselves for these people and divert that tax
             | money into another sector, proving that while markets have
             | many flaws they tend to be effective at navigating any and
             | all legislative hurdles even in an incredibly highly
             | regulated market-place.
             | 
             | I think this specific matter seems to be a bigger issue
             | with people who feel the need to judge or deem people's
             | actions 'right or wrong' based on their own subjective
             | values when it comes to personal body autonomy, and think
             | they know better and want to deter them in any way possible
             | which I think this is ultimately what this is about: not
             | Society's health.
             | 
             | If that were the case, I think resources are better
             | utilized in helping people address the MASSIVE mental
             | health crisis in the US.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I'm confused on where the quote on cigarettes comes from?
               | Isn't in my post, is it?
               | 
               | And you didn't address that they did find modest gains to
               | the goals in the Seattle study. I fully agree that, on
               | the merits, this is easy to circumvent. I further agree
               | that this sort of tax is almost certainly regressive.
               | Largely for the reason you give of how easy it can be to
               | get around. The study shows that, despite that, it still
               | saw gains to the goals.
               | 
               | My gut would be some of the gains will have come from
               | advertising around the ideas. Having a tax is one thing.
               | But prices typically go up with people being none the
               | wiser. So, the messaging that went with the taxes could
               | have also given a pause.
               | 
               | That is beside the point, though, being that I don't know
               | why it could have had modest results. Study shows that it
               | did.
        
               | Melting_Harps wrote:
               | > And you didn't address that they did find modest gains
               | to the goals in the Seattle study.
               | 
               | I don't have much to say, other than personally I feel
               | it's a tacit nod to the fact they found the results they
               | wanted from this study, because it resoundingly relies on
               | justifying a higher sales tax and this further encourages
               | other parts of WA to adopt it and further establish it as
               | a form of tax revenue while trying to provide a 'social
               | good' which can be monetized.
               | 
               | Again, it's not entirely hard to bypass and because it
               | 'may' show some minor benefit to justify itself seems
               | like how most poorly formed versions of bureaucratic
               | gate-keeping works.
               | 
               | But, to take the contrarian position [0] to even my own
               | argument it seems that in the 5 states they launched this
               | with income taxes have also 'benefited' from these taxes.
               | But its hard/impossible to properly measure that these
               | consumers didn't just purchase things in a nearby city
               | with no additional tax or just online so I think it's
               | parameters can derive the favourable results it claims.
               | And the following claim regarding 'significant evidence'
               | doesn't really compel me to say it was vastly evaluated:
               | 
               | > But the study also looked at adjacent zip codes to the
               | SSB-taxed cities: finding no statistically significant
               | evidence that purchases had increased in these
               | neighboring areas.
               | 
               | Which is why I defer to my anac-data, which admittedly
               | biased illustrates that its just not effective but is
               | entirely moot without addressing the core of the issue
               | and principal of the matter as a whole: body autonomy.
               | 
               | 0: https://www.beveragedaily.com/Article/2024/01/11/US-
               | sugar-ta...
               | 
               | PS: That 2nd quote was not yours, but the other users who
               | wanted to address tobacco use: I keep doing this having
               | grown up on IRC/forums but since HN doesn't do
               | attribution. I should find a solution to this, but making
               | 2 posts seems tedious, I guess I can pre-fix with @ or
               | something.
        
               | drivebycomment wrote:
               | > Which is why I defer to my anac-data, which admittedly
               | biased illustrates that its just not effective but is
               | entirely moot without addressing the core of the issue
               | and principal of the matter as a whole: body autonomy.
               | 
               | Can you explain how sugar tax is an issue about body
               | autonomy ? As far as I can see, you are free to continue
               | putting sugary water into your body. Is the argument that
               | even a small increase in tax is an encroach upon bodily
               | autonomy ? Do you consider farm subsidies (e.g.
               | maintaining US corn production) as a bodily autonomy
               | issue then, since it lowers the cost of corn / fructose
               | and making them available in more food ?
        
               | Melting_Harps wrote:
               | > Can you explain how sugar tax is an issue about body
               | autonomy?
               | 
               | Simply put, you are arbitrarily punishing those who
               | consume these products (which I will repeat I do not
               | purchase myself) in often high cost areas (eg Seattle,
               | San Francisco, Boulder) to align with a specific ideology
               | that these areas ascribe to, at least on the surface.
               | 
               | I feel like a boomer saying this and it seems like I'm
               | making a mountain out of a mole hill, because it's
               | something that on the surface makes sense to a degree--
               | relying on the old adage of tax it and you get less of it
               | --and even appears to be well intentioned way to make
               | people make 'healthier' choices, but from what I've seen
               | in practice is a bureaucratic way to modify behaviour in
               | people's everyday lives that ultimately only causes a
               | minor inconvenience/friction for those resolved to
               | circumvent and the initiative's results seem dubious at
               | best and over-reaching at worst.
               | 
               | I genuinely don't think in practice it's about health
               | either as you can easily go around the other aisle and
               | buy all the high sodium, poly-saturated chips with as
               | much or more HFCS and MSG and countless amounts of dyes
               | and food preservatives to your hearts content with no tax
               | implication and are often encouraged to be purchased in
               | bulk, so it seems perplexing that this is really the
               | success they make it out to be.
               | 
               | It seems to me like a bike-shedding initiative if I have
               | ever seen one as it avoids the much bigger issue of how
               | un-healthy the American diet really is.
               | 
               | > Do you consider farm subsidies (e.g. maintaining US
               | corn production)...
               | 
               | Because as you have mentioned, the obscenely lucrative
               | farm subsides of corn for mega farms is the crux of the
               | issue here and by extension all of the lobbying by big
               | business that takes place for these chemicals that are
               | actually shaping what the American diet itself is; I
               | believe we would be better served addressing that obvious
               | and glaring problem, and forcing producers of these
               | products to have to do without these highly subsidized
               | and addictive chemicals in their products and letting
               | consumers decide whether to consume them of their own
               | volition at actual market rates rather than this window
               | dressing approach.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | Ah, 2nd quote being a sibling post makes sense. I
               | typically look at things in threads after I post, so
               | didn't see it.
               | 
               | I want to stress that logically, I fully agree with your
               | position. I am always hesitant to go with logical
               | arguments that aren't supported empirically, though.
               | Would love to see some critical studies that go into why
               | this stuff isn't the case.
               | 
               | I can say that, at a personal level, we thought we would
               | shift buying of juices and sodas to outside of Seattle
               | when the law passed. We largely didn't, though. Just
               | started getting smaller servings from places in the city.
               | I hesitate to say we are representative, though; as we
               | don't do that much on the sweetened side, all told. Were
               | buying small juices for the kids, but not many of that,
               | even.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | You want a can of Coke to cost $35?
         | 
         | In Berkeley we have a 1C/ per fl. oz. soda tax and it cut soda
         | sales by over 20%.
         | 
         | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5024386/
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | It cut soda sales 20% in Berkeley but increased them 4% in
           | comparison cities (SF and Oakland), among low-income
           | households only.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | No, that is an incorrect reading of the result. San
             | Francisco is not a neighbor of Berkeley, and nobody started
             | traveling 15 miles to SF to save a dime on Coke. The 4%
             | increase in the comparison cities was exogenous.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | I don't think we can attribute causality to the decline
               | in Berkeley any more or less than we can attribute
               | causality to the increase in comparison cities. If it was
               | causal in Berkeley, it was causal in SF and Oakland.
               | (Whose rates actually went up by like 20%? But at some
               | point that gets cut down to 4%, I'm not sure why.)
               | 
               | And still: Among low income households only. We don't
               | know what the effect was on the whole population.
               | 
               | Anyway, I'm sympathetic to the idea that sugar taxes
               | work, just being critical of this particular study and
               | your claim which is stronger than the actual study
               | outcome.
        
         | dilap wrote:
         | I'd take the other side of that bet.
         | 
         | https://imgur.com/a/4b0O4AW
         | 
         | Prior to early 2000s when sugar consumption started going down,
         | it was probably a reasonble guess as one of the drivers of
         | increasing disease. But since then sugar consumption has tailed
         | off while disease rates have continued to rise, so I don't
         | think it's plausible anymore.
         | 
         | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7666899/
         | 
         | My bet to flatten the chronic disease curve would be reducing
         | n6 fat consumption, especially from foods fried in vegetable
         | oil.
         | 
         | Provactively, the steep upturn in diabetes rates around 1990
         | conincides with a broad movement in the fast-food industry to
         | replace animal fats like tallow with vegetable oils.
         | 
         | https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19900724/1083993/ch...
        
           | siliconc0w wrote:
           | While I don't disagree that omega-6 oils are suspect -
           | especially when heated/reheated - the evidence for sugar
           | being bad for you is still far greater than the evidence that
           | seed oils are bad for you.
           | 
           | The US State system lends itself to natural experiments so
           | I'm all for iterating on what taxes incentives actually lead
           | to the desired outcomes (higher healthspan and lower
           | healthcare costs).
           | 
           | There very well could be multiple contributing factors to the
           | epidemic- generically if the behavior increases chronic
           | disease burden on the population it needs to be
           | disincentivized via taxes so that you can incentivize moving
           | to alternatives without the negative externalities.
        
             | dilap wrote:
             | Yeah, I agree it would be great to do some regional
             | experiments.
        
           | gdjskslsuhkso wrote:
           | Are there any chains that still use tallow to fry food?
           | 
           | I love fried food and would pay a premium for high quality
           | oil options. Most of the time you don't know what it is, at
           | best it's peanut (five guys). I'd much prefer avocado oil or
           | tallow.
        
             | dilap wrote:
             | The only one I know of is Popeyes -- they famously never
             | stoped frying their chicken in beef tallow. Probably
             | unhealthy for about a million other reasons, but hey, at
             | least it's not fried in vegetable oil!
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | You're proposing something like a 500% markup on sugar? For
         | context, that's like 400% higher than even the highest
         | cigarette taxes.
        
           | lurking_swe wrote:
           | about 40% of adults in the US are obese. Doesn't seem that
           | crazy to me (as an experiment one could run for a couple
           | years, to see if it has a positive impact on society)
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | Yeah but then again, selling addictive sugar shit is lucrative
         | AND treating diabetes is lucrative. Very few people in charge
         | care about your health, the world would be a very different
         | place if it was the case.
         | 
         | The solutions are extremely simple, and it's the same for many
         | of our modern issues, the will simply isn't there.
        
       | caseyy wrote:
       | If A causes diabetes, then it causes C outcome of diabetes. It's
       | a tautology.
       | 
       | ((A - B) [?] (B - C)) - (A - C)
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | That's not how biology works.
         | 
         | In biology, instead of "necessary but not sufficient", we have
         | "sufficient but not necessary".
        
       | neom wrote:
       | Interesting. I think folks in the comments here maybe missed this
       | paper is way more about the beverages part making it important.
       | The research is around sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs). If I'm
       | reading it right, the SSBs have a differentmetabolic effect.
       | 
       | "Due to their liquid form, SSBs are rapidly consumed and
       | digested, resulting in lower satiety, higher caloric intake and
       | weight gain. High doses of rapidly digested glucose also activate
       | insulin and other regulatory pathways, which can result in
       | visceral fat production, hepatic and skeletal muscle insulin
       | resistance and weight gain. High doses of rapidly digested
       | fructose directly activate hepatic fat synthesis, leading to
       | ectopic fat deposition and metabolic dysfunction in liver and
       | muscle"
       | 
       | Unfortunately I can't find where they define high dose, but if
       | you look at what they say is high elsewhere, it seems to be
       | around 9 servings a week of "any beverage with added sugars and
       | >50 kcal per 8 oz serving, including commercial or homemade
       | beverages, soft drinks, energy drinks, fruit drinks, punch,
       | lemonade and aguas frescas." - A can of coke is 12oz I believe?
        
         | KittenInABox wrote:
         | I'm curious what is the number of added sugars and above 50kcal
         | peer 8 oz serving. You can get away with saying fruit drinks
         | have no added sugar and still be insanely sugary.
        
           | athenot wrote:
           | Fruit drinks have a neat trick to increase sugar content.
           | Take apple juice for example: you can evaporate water out of
           | it till it's a sugary syrup, then add it to regular apple
           | juice, and it's still called "100% pure apple juice no sugar
           | added".
           | 
           | (This is also done with various flavor essences from the
           | juice, so they can recombine them in such a way as to produce
           | a uniform flavor all throughout the year regardless of where
           | the fruits are coming from.)
        
             | ricardobeat wrote:
             | Not in the EU:
             | 
             | > It should be clearly indicated when a product is a
             | mixture of fruit juice and fruit juice from concentrate
             | 
             | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
             | content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A...
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | Are you saying that they couldn't say "100% fruit juice
               | and no sugar added" on the label when the drink is a
               | mixture of fruit juice and fruit juice from concentrate?
               | What part of the regulation would prohibit this?
        
               | pjerem wrote:
               | You can say "no added sugar" but you are forced to write
               | it's from a concentrate and it must be in the front of
               | the product, not hidden somewhere.
               | 
               | Not perfect but at least you can't just say it's fruit
               | juice.
        
               | ricardobeat wrote:
               | They could not. That would not pass the 'clearly
               | indicated' in the quoted rule. There is also another more
               | general rule which enforces a label of 'sweetened' or
               | 'with added sugars' for _any_ kind of sweetening agent
               | including fruit concentrate:
               | 
               | > 4. For fruit juices which have been sweetened by the
               | addition of sugars, the sales name shall include the word
               | "sweetened" or "with added sugar", followed by an
               | indication of the maximum quantity of sugar added,
               | calculated as dry matter and expressed in grams per
               | litre. [1]
               | 
               | > A claim stating that sugars have not been added to a
               | food, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for
               | the consumer, may only be made where the product does not
               | contain any added mono- or disaccharides or any other
               | food used for its sweetening properties. [2]
               | 
               | Coming from a country of impenetrable legalese
               | everywhere, I find these regulations very refreshing,
               | they are incredibly easy to read and always straight to
               | the point.
               | 
               | [1] https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
               | content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A...
               | 
               | [2] https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en
               | /memo_0...
        
         | trod1234 wrote:
         | All carbohydrates eventually break down into sugars. Some quite
         | a bit faster than others.
         | 
         | What people and scientists haven't been saying in any
         | meaningful way is the truth that carbohydrate poisoning is a
         | real thing. If you eat too much, its harmful.
         | 
         | Its common knowledge that medicines may become poisons when
         | taken in too high amounts. This applies to most things in this
         | area.
         | 
         | Protein poisoning is fairly easily discovered in the scientific
         | literature, why isn't carbohydrate poisoning? Its a conundrum.
        
           | fwip wrote:
           | Scientists aren't saying it because it's not true.
        
           | hombre_fatal wrote:
           | You don't think the scientific literature has anything to say
           | about sugar surplus or junk food surplus?
           | 
           | Carbohydrate poisoning sounds nonsensical though. Too many
           | potatoes and whole grains, for example, aren't poisoning you.
           | More people should be replacing junk food with those things.
           | 
           | It's just a fad to use "carbs" as a euphemism for "junk food"
           | and it only further confuses the discourse about nutrition.
        
             | bityard wrote:
             | I've noticed that people who want to deny that the
             | extremely high carbohydrate content of the typical western
             | diet is the major factor for runaway rates of diabetes and
             | cardiovascular disease like to label the "bad" food as
             | "junk food" or "ultra-processed food." But we never get an
             | explanation from them as to what exactly is IN the junk
             | food or ultra-processed food that causes the disease.
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | Well, I can answer that.
               | 
               | It's not always about a certain boogeyman inside it, but
               | whether it makes it easy to overeat and whether it pays
               | its rent in nutritional content.
               | 
               | Consider potato chips. Even if they have zero saturated
               | fat, the issue most people have with them is that they
               | are hyperpalatable and low nutritional value compared to
               | their calorie density. Combine fat and salt and certain
               | textures, and we can't stop ourselves. Trying to blame a
               | macronutrient like carbs doesn't make much sense to me.
               | 
               | Add in bad ingredients like saturated fat and the problem
               | becomes multifaceted, but it's not necessary for
               | individual ingredients to be bad for us for a food to
               | have its downsides.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | The total lack of fiber isn't helping us either. Fiber
               | fills you up and takes much longer to digest sating a
               | person for longer.
        
               | thereisnospork wrote:
               | Your comment kind of illustrates his point though,
               | there's a complete lack of mechanistic empiricism[0] in
               | the discussion of nutrition. What is the metric for
               | 'eas[iness] to overeat and whether it pays its rent in
               | nutritional content.'? I agree with the premise, but it
               | is ill-defined.
               | 
               | e.g. consider: A baked potato, with salt and butter vs.
               | an equivalent weight of potato chips. They are
               | essentially identical post-mastication, except one is
               | 'junk food' and 'ultra-processed' and the other is
               | quintessential home cooking. What system do I use to rank
               | them if they are in fact not identical?
               | 
               | [0] What (or combination of whats) at a
               | structural/chemical level in a food causes the harm, and
               | by what biochemical/psychological/psychosomatic
               | pathway(s) does said harm occur?
        
               | ifyoubuildit wrote:
               | Re: mechanistic empiricism, I don't know if you're doing
               | this, but it seems that some people have this mindset
               | that if you can't tell me specifically how X is bad for
               | you, then I have to assume it is not harmful by default,
               | even if it's a thing that is relatively novel.
               | 
               | I find myself leaning heavily in the other direction
               | these days. If it's not something that has a long history
               | and (I'm not already dying anyway), I'll pass. If I lose
               | out on some benefits because of that, so be it.
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | As far as diet is concerned, I'm very much in the camp of
               | you do what works best for you. However, if you choose to
               | give advice to a wide audience (rather than saying what
               | works for you), I think one should have some idea of why
               | their advice is good.
        
               | thereisnospork wrote:
               | >if you can't tell me specifically how X is bad for
               | youthen I have to assume it is not harmful by default
               | 
               | Speaking for myself, its a matter of how my brain works.
               | Setting aside rational considerations like cost-benefit
               | analysis or Bayesian likelihoods: if there isn't a
               | generalizable logic to 'what (is harmful)' and 'how (it
               | is)' I just get a 404.
               | 
               | It's not that I don't (or do) believe potatoes chips are
               | harmful it's that the e.g. statement 'ultra-processed
               | foods are bad for you' is literally devoid of meaning.
               | Might as well be baby-speak.
               | 
               | As such, any attempt to incorporate that information[0]
               | into my decision making process goes nowhere: I can't
               | categorize a food as to it's degree of ultra processed-
               | ness nor can I assess whether another foods/foods/etc
               | might cause harm like UPF's are purported to do. Ergo: no
               | basis for a behavioral modification, no new pros or cons
               | to weigh.
               | 
               | [0]not even getting into the reliability of e.g. a
               | paper's conclusions
        
               | ifyoubuildit wrote:
               | > As such, any attempt to incorporate that information[0]
               | into my decision making process goes nowhere: I can't
               | categorize a food as to it's degree of ultra processed-
               | ness nor can I assess whether another foods/foods/etc
               | might cause harm like UPF's are purported to do. Ergo: no
               | basis for a behavioral modification, no new pros or cons
               | to weigh.
               | 
               | So I guess my question is what are your defaults? What is
               | your unmodified behavior?
               | 
               | There is a package on the shelf, you only know what it
               | says on the box, what you've seen on commercials, and
               | maybe you've seen/heard of other people eating its
               | contents. What's the decision tree for this scenario?
        
               | chiefalchemist wrote:
               | > low nutritional value compared to their calorie
               | density. Combine fat and salt and certain textures, and
               | we can't stop ourselves.
               | 
               | In the end the body realizes it didn't get the nutrition
               | it needed so I sends out a notice "eat more".
        
               | lithocarpus wrote:
               | Anecdotally I think there's something to this, when all I
               | have to eat is lacking in micro nutrients I tend to be
               | hungrier. When I'm eating lots of very nutrient dense
               | things, even when less calories, I feel satisfied.
        
               | Anotheroneagain wrote:
               | It isn't extremely high. I have no idea what you imagine
               | that people used to eat. The typical pre 20th century
               | diet was near 100% carbohydrate based, most people ate
               | meat once a weak, if at all, and fat was scarce. The now
               | typical meat-with-every-dish diet is a post WW2
               | development.
               | 
               |  _But we never get an explanation from them as to what
               | exactly is IN the junk food or ultra-processed food that
               | causes the disease._
               | 
               | You don't get it, because 1. there is something VERY
               | CLEARLY wrong with it, and 2. what is wrong with it is at
               | odds with what is hammered into them over and over.
        
             | trod1234 wrote:
             | > You don't think the scientific literature has anything to
             | say about sugar surplus or junk food surplus?
             | 
             | No, I know it does, but it doesn't properly communicate the
             | relationship with correct words, where other related
             | subjects do. Instead it dances about with a disconnection,
             | I would guess because of the sugar and health industry
             | lobby.
             | 
             | The medical definition of poisoning is generally defined as
             | injury or death due to swallowing, inhaling, touching or
             | injecting of various substances.
             | 
             | Disease can be considered as an injury when it refers to a
             | condition that develops gradually over time due to repeated
             | exposure or stressors.
             | 
             | > Carbohydrate poisoning sounds nonsensical though
             | 
             | Carbohydrates are in the potatoes, but are not the
             | potatoes.
             | 
             | There are contextual limits when you associate specific
             | things into a unique word definition, potatoes (unless
             | green, or unsafely handled), would not be poisonous because
             | they have a finite amount of components that our bodies can
             | handle, and it would be quite hard if not impossible to eat
             | sufficient amounts given biological limits and rates
             | inherent in structure.
             | 
             | A concentrated chemical solution of simple carbohydrates in
             | reduced liquid form that absorbs more quickly than your
             | pancreas can handle on the other hand would be different.
             | 
             | When you exceed safe operating limits, this can cause
             | injury, and that may show up, or present as symptoms of
             | disease.
             | 
             | I would have responded sooner but apparently when posts get
             | downvoted, it automatically applies a strict QoS filter
             | that won't let the poster respond at all.
             | 
             | Not a very reasonable thing to do for a rational-minded
             | community, for something as tame as what I said.
             | 
             | That system structure almost always trends eventually
             | towards collectivist sock-puppetry opinion with the mob
             | silencing others based solely on individual mass
             | hallucination. Not very scientific, and at the same time
             | eliminates requirements needed for intelligent thoughts.
             | 
             | In order to learn you must be able to risk being offended.
             | In order to think, you must be able to risk being
             | offensive. In order to share the benefits of either
             | broadly, you must be able to communicate.
             | 
             | Without these inherent strengths skewing towards survival,
             | its just a matter of time and circumstance before losing
             | the fight against extinction.
        
               | bruce511 wrote:
               | I'm very much in the "reduce carbs" camp. Long-term high
               | carb intake leads to many health issues, and reductions
               | lead to improvements. I'm not sure that science is behind
               | on this (there's plenty of literature on the topic) but
               | man-in-the-street understanding seems to be behind.
               | 
               | The concept that sugar leads to diabetes is not exactly
               | news at 11. But articles like this are helpful in moving
               | the popular mindset.
               | 
               | Personally though I'd avoid the term "poison". Mostly
               | because it's a very long-term effect, whereas people use
               | "poison" in general usage more as a short term thing (rat
               | poison versus feeding rats carbs till they get diabetes).
               | 
               | Secondly calling it "poison" is far outside normal
               | understanding and so you become the "nutter" in the
               | conversation. Which then devalues the valid points you
               | have to make.
               | 
               | I say this as someone in your camp. While your body
               | certainly needs _some_ carbohydrates its safe to assume
               | everyone is getting enough. Nobody needs sugar though,
               | and removing as much of that as possible from daily diet
               | will have big impacts in the long term.
               | 
               | For me that doesn't mean 'never sugar'. It means cake at
               | celebrations, ice-cream once a month, eating "normally"
               | when at restaurants (which is probably less than once a
               | month) and so on.
               | 
               | The goal is not to be "perfect" the goal is to improve
               | one step at a time. Coffee without sugar? Check. No
               | daily, or weekly, sugar sodas or fruit juice? Check. And
               | so on.
               | 
               | Small changes introduced slowly over time become the new
               | normal, and that leads to sustained improvements.
        
           | nonameiguess wrote:
           | Protein poisoning happens because your body has a limited
           | capacity to process protein. It's very high and you're
           | unlikely to hit it, but it's happened to people living off
           | the land and eating nothing but lean meat. Carbohydate
           | processing is not inherently rate-limited like that. How much
           | you need is dictated by how much you use. Even the stated
           | numbers here about 9 weekly 8 oz drinks with 50 kcals or more
           | per serving is comically miniscule compared to what is
           | ingested with no ill effects by any serious endurance athlete
           | who actually needs and uses that much energy. Carbohydrate
           | only has a deleterious effect when you ingest more than you
           | use, which is not characteristic of a poison.
        
         | athenot wrote:
         | About 15 years ago, I stopped drinking soda. Not out of a
         | desire to be healthy or loose weight but simply because it
         | dawned on me that for the same amount of sugar in one soft
         | drink that I drink without any afterthought, I could enjoy a
         | really good pastry that I can slowly savor.
         | 
         | I do the same for fats. The way I look at it, I want to
         | maximize the "enjoyment per kcalorie". :)
         | 
         | More recently, I'm starting to apply this to meat as well. I
         | really enjoy meat, but I'm not one for quantity since I'm on
         | the skinnier side. So I'm trying to enjoy meat more, and in
         | doing so, get better quality, prepare it better, etc. while at
         | the same time eating less of it. This is still a work in
         | progress, and eating in restaurants can be challenging as they
         | usually favor quantity over quality--except for the very high-
         | end & costly places.
        
           | jillesvangurp wrote:
           | Good for you.
           | 
           | I think for meat especially, there's a difference between the
           | stuff people talk about (like premium steaks they almost
           | never eat) and the reality of what ends up on their plates
           | which is a lot less glamorous.
           | 
           | A typical fast food burger just isn't that great in terms of
           | texture, taste, looks, etc. and IMHO almost always
           | disappointingly unsatisfying and slightly uncomfortable
           | afterwards. I'll eat that once in a while; usually because
           | there's nothing more convenient and never because I crave
           | one. For me the cheap and nasty stuff is easy to skip on a
           | daily basis and it's not like I eat the expensive premium
           | stuff that often anyway. I love a good steak, but I don't
           | splurge on paying 3x the other items on the menu when I'm at
           | a restaurant typically. Which is what it takes typically to
           | get a nice premium cut of meat.
           | 
           | I do enjoy cooking with meat but I'll make an effort to make
           | the most of it. E.g. I made a nice beef stew over the
           | weekend. That's a bit of of work and a humble/affordable cut
           | of meat. And very tasty.
           | 
           | If you like Indian food, try having or making a dal. As it
           | turns out, Indians know a thing or two about making very
           | tasty vegan food from cheap/simple ingredients. And this can
           | as nice as some chicken curry with a few chunks of cheap
           | chicken that is maybe a bit overcooked and dry (I've been
           | served that in many Indian restaurants). Those curries
           | actually still taste fine if you don't eat those chunks of
           | meat. And the whole point of heavy spicing in countries with
           | warm climates like India was historically to mask the flavor
           | of cheap cuts of meat that were maybe a bit past their prime.
           | Which is possibly also a reason why vegan food is popular in
           | India. Fridges are a fairly recent novelty too.
           | 
           | And the meat doesn't even add a lot of flavor; they just add
           | it last minute typically. Lots of Indian restaurants usually
           | have vegan or vegetarian versions of most of their curries
           | where they toss in some tofu or paneer instead of meat. The
           | only difference between eating meat or vegan in such places
           | is literally what protein is added to the dish at the last
           | minute. The rest is basically vegan or vegetarian by default.
           | 
           | Anyway, I skip sugary drinks mostly. And I've cut down on my
           | alcohol intake as well. Most of what I drink has basically
           | very little or no calories.
           | 
           | Most of my remaining food challenges are unhealthy snacks,
           | unnecessary carbs and the temptations of unhealthy restaurant
           | food, or late night shopping in super markets and the
           | associated bad decision making.
           | 
           | Restaurants bulk out their dishes with carbs and they make
           | things taste good by adding salt and fats. It's hard to eat
           | healthy in restaurants. So, I try to limit my restaurant food
           | intake. And like with meat, most of the restaurants people
           | visit aren't actually that great anyway. At least where I
           | work, Michelin stars are not a thing for the typical lunch
           | options. Quite the opposite actually. I'm only an OK cook but
           | I can cook tastier/better versions of a lot of the shit I get
           | served in places like that. It's not that hard.
           | 
           | I recently actually started just skipping lunch entirely at
           | work mainly for this reason and I'm training myself out of
           | having a Pavlovian craving for food just because the clock
           | says so. I don't actually need the calories. Or the post
           | lunch dip in productivity. I especially don't need the lousy
           | food choices imposed by that one person that wants to go to
           | the burger place. There's a lot of group thinking inspiring
           | unhealthy choices around lunch time. I took part in that for
           | years. It's stupid when you think about it and I've suffered
           | the health consequences as well. There's a cumulative effect
           | if you do that for a few decades.
        
             | throwup238 wrote:
             | _> Restaurants bulk out their dishes with carbs and they
             | make things taste good by adding salt and fats._
             | 
             | Anthony Bourdain wrote in _Kitchen Confidential_ : "If you
             | eat at any good restaurant, assume you've eaten a stick of
             | butter."
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | My brother worked for multiple (very) good restaurants
               | here in France. I'm always super chocked when I see him
               | throwing a good portion of the butter brick in almost any
               | meal. His dishes are super delicious. His current
               | restaurant is a a very good vegan one and he does the
               | same with plant butter.
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | > A typical fast food burger just isn't that great in terms
             | of texture, taste, looks, etc. and IMHO almost always
             | disappointingly unsatisfying and slightly uncomfortable
             | afterwards. I'll eat that once in a while; usually because
             | there's nothing more convenient and never because I crave
             | one.
             | 
             | The "Big Mac Attack" is real. I used to get one about every
             | six months or so. Then I would eat a Big Mac, and the
             | attack would be sated, but the GI discomfort reminded me of
             | why I don't get Big Mac Attacks more often.
             | 
             | These days I just avoid fast food. I live in a part of the
             | country that's actually rather persnickety about good food,
             | and there are much fresher options available nearby that
             | are rather cheap. Plus I'm stocked up on low-carb soups,
             | lunch meats, and other yummies most of the time now.
             | 
             | > And the whole point of heavy spicing in countries with
             | warm climates like India was historically to mask the
             | flavor of cheap cuts of meat that were maybe a bit past
             | their prime.
             | 
             | My dad used to tell me stories about roadside chili houses
             | in Texas. They kept a big pot of chili constantly going,
             | and added whatever meat they could find, together with
             | beans, spices, etc. to keep the pot full as the chili was
             | served to customers. Roadkill was, supposedly, one of the
             | most convenient sources of meat for the pot.
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | The weirdest thing for me is that when I was young I used
               | to live off fast food. A few Jack in the Box burgers and
               | I was good to go (my girlfriend at the time looked at me
               | somewhat strange the first time I asked her how many
               | burgers she wanted). But now when I eat a fast food
               | burger I just don't feel very good afterwards. Curious
               | how many others also seem to get the same thing. I always
               | thought I was just being a bit more snobby than when I
               | was younger and it was some sort of psychosomatic thing.
        
               | bitwize wrote:
               | Part of it is age. Part of it is, I think, the fast food
               | companies are lowballing what they can get away with
               | serving in order to keep costs down. It's said that some
               | Dine (Navajo) refer to Burger King with a word that means
               | "just enough food to get strength from". I think that's
               | the fast food joints' specialty: compromise the food till
               | it's barely enough to tolerate and derive nourishment
               | (calories) from to sell the stuff cheap and quick to a
               | ravenous but indiscriminate clientele. With the passage
               | of time comes more efficient ways to produce less
               | delicious or satisfying food, so BK today is not as good
               | as BK 30-40 years ago (which in turn is less good than BK
               | shortly after its founding). Some burger joints e.g.
               | Whataburger can differentiate themselves with higher
               | quality, but they don't achieve the volume of McD's,
               | Burger King, Wendy's, etc.
        
               | oneshtein wrote:
               | Back then, fast food compete with home made food, now it
               | competes with another fast food.
        
             | LordAtlas wrote:
             | Man, as an Indian, this is hard to read. You're spreading a
             | lot of misinformation about Indian food.
             | 
             | > Which is possibly also a reason why vegan food is popular
             | in India.
             | 
             | First, while there are a lot of tasty Indian vegetarian
             | dishes, vegan food is decidedly not a cultural thing. We
             | use butter and ghee pretty commonly in food: definitely not
             | vegan. India is the world's largest milk producer; also not
             | vegan. That dal you refer to will often have a "tadka" of
             | ghee and spices on top. The "dal makhani" - another popular
             | restaurant dish - literally means "buttered dal".
             | 
             | And the reason pre-cooked meat pieces are added to curries
             | in restaurants is that we need to get the food to you in
             | 5-7 minutes. We can't cook it leisurely for 25-30 minutes
             | in the gravy like we would do at home. It's called "mise en
             | place" in the restaurant business.
             | 
             | > Lots of Indian restaurants usually have vegan or
             | vegetarian versions of most of their curries where they
             | toss in some tofu or paneer instead of meat.
             | 
             | If it's India, you're talking about, you're unlikely to
             | find tofu being used in a restaurant. Paneer is made from
             | milk, so...not vegan. Maybe restaurants abroad do it
             | differently.
             | 
             | > And the whole point of heavy spicing in countries with
             | warm climates like India was historically to mask the
             | flavor of cheap cuts of meat that were maybe a bit past
             | their prime. Which is possibly also a reason why vegan food
             | is popular in India.
             | 
             | OK, this annoying canard is the worst. [1] Spices and meat
             | used to be both historically expensive. A bit of research
             | will tell you that. You know, that whole "spice trade"
             | thing. Malaysian, Singaporean, Sri Lankan, food also use
             | spices and they're not vegetarian cultures at all. (For
             | that matter, only some 30% of Indians are vegetarians,
             | despite the stereotype, but that's a discussion for another
             | day.)
             | 
             | TL;DR India has lots of good vegetarian food, but hardly
             | any of us are vegans.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice#Preservative_claim
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | Hi, thanks for this cultural sharing. I don't understand
               | something about Indian culture -probably because of
               | prejudices- and would be glad to know more. Hindus in
               | India venerate (or respect?) cows such a way they let
               | them live in free roaming. Also they eat a lot of ghee
               | and milk derivatives. Where does those milk comes from ?
               | 
               | A. Is it ok to eat a cow if someone else raise the cow?
               | 
               | B. Is it ok to eat milk raised by someone else
               | 
               | C. Is it ok to 'milk' a stray cows while they looks
               | skinny?
               | 
               | D. How do they regards the calves needed once in a while
               | for milk production?
               | 
               | E. Does Hindus only eat chicken (and so) but no milk
               | while muslims eat everything?
               | 
               | F. Where goes the dead free roaming cows cadavers? Is
               | there enough vultures?
               | 
               | Note I'm not trying to find logical incoherencies or
               | logical fallacies, I'm very aware there's many think that
               | can been seen as inconsistant or very consistent
               | depending on your knowledge on a subject - which is never
               | 100% reachable.
        
               | ttepasse wrote:
               | > And the reason pre-cooked meat pieces are added to
               | curries in restaurants is that we need to get the food to
               | you in 5-7 minutes. We can't cook it leisurely for 25-30
               | minutes in the gravy like we would do at home. It's
               | called "mise en place" in the restaurant business.
               | 
               | Some years ago I fell into a Youtube rabbit hole of
               | British Indian Restaurants. (Actually most seemed
               | Bangladeshi) In Britian Indian cuisine has a far more
               | "takeout" status. Hence BI restaurants started to
               | deconstruct popular dishes into components which can be
               | prepared in advance and combined into different dishes.
               | It may not be original but I found the process of
               | adaptation rather fascinating.
               | 
               | (Here in Germany it seems rather worse. Also takeout
               | status, but I suspect a lot of takeout orders are simply
               | microwaved stuff.)
        
               | jillesvangurp wrote:
               | I'm actually well aware of this and didn't mean to offend
               | people. And 30% is actually quite a large percentage.
               | 
               | I actually make ghee myself sometimes from butter (easy
               | and a lot cheaper than buying it from the super market).
               | 
               | A lot of (british) indian restaurants use cooking oil
               | instead and I'm well aware that that's not the same as
               | what people in India would consider Indian food and that
               | something like a Tikka Massala is not actually a thing
               | you'd find in a proper restaurant in India; which is a
               | country I've never been to and would love to go to to
               | experience the food.
               | 
               | But anyway, a lot of these restaurants use cooking oil
               | because it's cheaper and because it makes everything they
               | cook with that vegan by default. Which at least in places
               | with a lot of vegans is a nice feature.
               | 
               | Here in Berlin, finding decent Indian food is a bit of a
               | challenge in any case. Germans are hopeless with spicy
               | food. And I know only a few Indian places that add more
               | than homeopathic amounts of chili. Most of the Indian
               | restaurants in the more touristy spots are owned by one
               | family and those aren't great. I've gotten some tips from
               | Indian colleagues over the years for better options.
               | 
               | Anyway a lot of dals indeed don't use a lot of spices or
               | flavoring. And that's just sidestepping all the different
               | regions and food styles. Which are a thing as well of
               | course.
               | 
               | As for Malaysian/Indonesian style cuisine; I'm Dutch and
               | got exposed to a lot of the Dutch Indonesian food which,
               | similar to British Indian food is not really that
               | authentic. Lots of meat in there indeed. And quite spicy.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > About 15 years ago, I stopped drinking soda. Not out of a
           | desire to be healthy or loose weight[...]
           | 
           | Same thing happened to me at probably around the same time. I
           | realized I could just have a lollypop, and it would be a
           | tenth of the sugar. Most of the sweetness in soda doesn't
           | even get a chance to touch your tongue before it's going down
           | your throat. If I want candy, I should just have a piece of
           | candy. If I'm thirsty, I should have a glass of water.
           | 
           | Also, the carbonation in soda enables them to get twice the
           | sugar into it. Drinking a flat soda is like drinking maple
           | syrup.
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | I drink 250 ml soda cans/bottles. 25-28g of sugar.
             | 
             | Be aware that a lot of candy has similar amounts of sugar.
             | M&M packets have even more.
        
               | malfist wrote:
               | The typical soda in the US is either 12oz (can) or 20oz
               | (bottle).
               | 
               | A 12oz coke has 39g of sugar. A 20oz bottle of coke is
               | 65g.
               | 
               | Coke isn't close to the worst offender and this ignores
               | soda at restaurants when 28oz is often the smallest you
               | can buy
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | > The typical soda in the US is either 12oz (can) or 20oz
               | (bottle).
               | 
               | True but you can get 250ml cans in most grocery stores.
               | 
               | Also, there are plenty of places I shop at where the
               | smallest Hershey's bar or M&M packet is the King/share
               | size one. The M&M one has 57g of sugar.
               | 
               | Difficulty in buying smaller portions is not unique to
               | soda.
        
             | chrisco255 wrote:
             | It's probably a risky line of thinking, if you're addicted
             | to sugar, to substitute in some other source of sugar. Best
             | to avoid pastries, lollipops and sugary sodas.
        
               | Supermancho wrote:
               | It's a risky way of thinking to reduce every act to a
               | moral choice. ie I could have used the energy that I
               | burned making this post, to hand out a dollar to a
               | homeless person.
               | 
               | Beyond how ridiculously reductive this becomes, it's
               | impractical. You have to have carbs for your brain to
               | run.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | I agree with almost everything you say. However:
               | 
               | > Beyond how ridiculously reductive this becomes, it's
               | impractical. You have to have carbs for your brain to
               | run.
               | 
               | No. People live on no-carb diets just fine and enter
               | ketosis. (And in any case, the comment you replied to
               | only talked about sugar, not carbs in general.)
        
               | vixen99 wrote:
               | Not just any no/low carb diet:
               | 
               | 'A low-carbohydrate diet based on animal sources was
               | associated with higher all-cause mortality in both men
               | and women, whereas a vegetable-based low-carbohydrate
               | diet was associated with lower all-cause and
               | cardiovascular disease mortality rates.'
               | 
               | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2989112/
               | 
               | It is of course rather difficult if not impossible, to
               | have a vegetable diet completely devoid of carbohydrates.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | The number of people in this study is surprisingly large!
               | 
               | Alas, it doesn't have much bearing on the part of the
               | comment I wanted to focus on 'You have to have carbs for
               | your brain to run.' Because the diets in question here
               | still have some carbs. (And the changes in mortality
               | rates are fairly modest, too.)
               | 
               | What I wanted to say is that even if you eat no carbs at
               | all, you brain will still get its energy. You won't just
               | keel over after a while, like if you didn't eat anything
               | at all henceforth.
               | 
               | Of course, there might be second order health effects,
               | like the study you linked suggest.
        
               | knowitnone wrote:
               | no you don't. You have to have glucose for your brain to
               | run. Understand the difference.
        
               | majkinetor wrote:
               | u dont have to input it as body makes enough
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | I agree with peers. Doesn't Keto (for part of the year)
               | worked for millennia for our ancestors?
        
               | addicted wrote:
               | Most of our ancestors lived a fraction of the lifespans
               | we do.
               | 
               | So any argument based on "it worked for our ancestors" is
               | flawed.
               | 
               | "It worked for our ancestors" could be the beginning of
               | an idea for research, but certainly does not take you
               | much further than that.
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | I agree with all you said but I also guess our ancestors
               | mostly die from infection, hypothermia, viruses...
               | certainly not from brain stop working because carbs
               | deficiency.
               | 
               | "You have to have carbs for your brain to run" doesn't
               | make sense. You have to have sugar in your brain to run,
               | but that sugar surely can comes from fat as well.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Some of our ancestors might have done keto some times,
               | but I'm not sure most of them did most of the time?
               | Humans are decidedly omnivorous, and most of them would
               | eat whatever they could get their hands on, including
               | plants and mushrooms (and sometimes honey!) etc.
        
               | stefs wrote:
               | iirc the inuit had a diet mostly consisting of meat and
               | fish, but - according to wikipedia - not even they were
               | usually in ketosis.
        
               | Supermancho wrote:
               | They also had carbohydrates in their diet. Meat naturally
               | contains carbs. Pretending that the human body is
               | misunderstood and that it worked very differently is a
               | common pitfall of these discussions. Largely it was the
               | same, with the amounts differing.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | Meat contains only insignificant amounts of carbs. The
               | human body can convert protein to carbs (glucose
               | specifically) but the rate at which it can do it is
               | limited, and my guess is that if it can't burn glucose, a
               | metabolically-healthy body will burn fat (rather than
               | glucose made from protein) until the diet has been quite
               | deficient in calories for at least 3 days.
        
               | peaceanwar wrote:
               | No. You dont.
               | 
               | There are other metabolic pathways to produce glucose (or
               | produce ketones). The other pathways 'push' the body more
               | since they have to do some conversion. This 'extra
               | effort' is considered to be more healthy.
        
               | Supermancho wrote:
               | Yes there are. You still need carbs and you get them (ie
               | celery has carbs), regardless. Repetition wont convince
               | someone arguing in bad faith, so I will bow to your
               | religious beliefs.
        
               | scrollop wrote:
               | Yes you need to have carbs, however the quality of the
               | carbohydrate is the most important factor.
               | 
               | If you have any sense for your health you will not have
               | regular intake of sugar, white bread, potatoes crisps,
               | rice cakes, any thing with a high GI.
               | 
               | Some carbohydrates reduce your risk of diabetes, and if
               | you're smart you follow the evidence and you eat these-
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/DNQrNWsoPEE?si=GORRP5IblhNkKCdF
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | >You have to have carbs for your brain to run.
               | 
               | The brain can run well on ketone bodies (which the liver
               | makes from fatty acids). In fact, causing the brain to
               | run on ketone bodies is used by doctors to treat illness
               | (and not just epilepsy).
        
               | tunapizza wrote:
               | Why are people downvoting this?
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | Because they strongly disagree.
               | 
               | If I have soda cravings, I can take a single Tic Tac. It
               | doesn't satisfy my soda cravings, but crucially, it
               | prevents the soda itself from satisfying those same
               | cravings if I do subsequently drink it.
               | 
               | Usually I crave soda after a high salt/fried food. Giving
               | myself a tiny amount of sugar (Tic Tac has 0.5g) removes
               | the salt/fried taste, and I just can't get the good soda
               | effect I know I would have gotten without the Tic Tac.
               | There just isn't a point for me to take soda after a Tic
               | Tac.
               | 
               | So yes, substituting a small amount of sugar for a large
               | one can be very effective.
        
             | hgomersall wrote:
             | If I go to a restaurant with fill your own drinks (rare in
             | the UK), I generally get soda water with about 10% coke.
             | It's remarkable how much it tastes (to me) just like coke,
             | albeit palatably sweet. I always thought the sugar tax
             | should be a sweetness tax to change people's perceptions.
        
               | lhoff wrote:
               | I also do this, usually with sprite or fanta and I think
               | its more refreshing this way
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | When I stopped drinking soda (about ten years ago), my
           | stomach immediately started feeling better.
           | 
           | I will sometimes have a ginger ale, from time to time, when
           | I'm eating out, and usually won't finish it, but I otherwise,
           | don't drink soda, anymore.
        
           | hattmall wrote:
           | In most cases you could eat multiple pastries and still have
           | significantly less sugar than a soda.
        
             | parineum wrote:
             | pastries also have fat though and parent was talking about
             | enjoyment per kcal.
        
               | cluckindan wrote:
               | Fat is good for you, as long as it isn't trans-fat. The
               | common wisdom around cholesterol is false (the "lipid
               | hypothesis" is just that, a hypothesis).
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | Excess calories are bad for you, no matter what form they
               | come in.
        
             | eitally wrote:
             | This depends if you consider all carbohydrates to be sugar
             | or not. At the end of the day, the refined flours in the
             | pastry are also sugar-equivalent.
        
             | trhway wrote:
             | >In most cases you could eat multiple pastries and still
             | have significantly less sugar than a soda.
             | 
             | yep. The can of soda has something like 10 spoons of sugar.
             | In that volume i stop feeling the difference after 2nd-3rd
             | spoon of sugar. I do drink soda - by diluting it about 1:5.
             | For the pastries and other bakery products - it does
             | depends where it comes from. The standard American bakery
             | sill puts a lot of sugar into pastries, cakes, bread
             | (especially the fast-rise), etc. while some of the ones
             | trying to do European style do use sugar more moderately
             | (they also usually use more fat like butter thus making the
             | taste better, more balanced, and probably also thus more
             | healthy - my personal impression/opinion - as the more
             | balanced content (fat/carbs vs. low-fat-high-sugar approach
             | somehow more popular in the American bakery) seems to me to
             | be better).
        
           | zamadatix wrote:
           | Not that no sugar variants of soda are exactly a shining
           | health food staple or better than going to healthy drinks lik
           | water but...
           | 
           | For me I was absolutely shocked at how a soda being sugar
           | free didn't have to imply it was like drinking horse piss. I
           | had tried Diet Coke a few times and assumed that was what you
           | had to deal with if you went sugar free. One day someone gave
           | me a Coke Zero and it was actually not bad, even if not quite
           | being as good as Coke. This led me to try some others like Dr
           | Pepper Zero Sugar for which I thought "what the hell, this
           | tastes better than Dr Pepper???".
           | 
           | Obviously which are better will vary by person and most
           | people will, overall, like sodas with actual sugar more often
           | but if everyone tried a few different options they might be
           | surprised how little they'd have to trade down on the soda
           | for, if anything, to drastically drop their sugar intake.
        
             | nprateem wrote:
             | Aspartame is bad for your gut microbiome
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | Source
        
               | mohaine wrote:
               | Citation?
               | 
               | Is this a normal soda consumption levels in humans or
               | when feeding it to rats at some obscene rate?
               | 
               | I'm not saying it is good for you, but we need facts not
               | blind statements with no context.
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | I'm not an expert but a quick search leads me to:
               | 
               | > We identify NAS-altered microbial metabolic pathways
               | that are linked to host susceptibility to metabolic
               | disease, and demonstrate similar NAS-induced dysbiosis
               | and glucose intolerance in healthy human subjects.
               | Collectively, our results link NAS consumption, dysbiosis
               | and metabolic abnormalities, thereby calling for a
               | reassessment of massive NAS usage
               | 
               | I'd be glad to see the full paper
               | 
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25231862/
               | 
               | > normal soda consumption levels in humans
               | 
               | I note that "normal" here should be read as "common
               | during the last 50years (or less)", where the last 50ears
               | is quite reductive in human dietary habits.
        
               | Laforet wrote:
               | This paper you linked does not even involve aspartame.
               | The only sweetener they experimented with is saccharin.
               | You can check out the main figures from the link below:
               | 
               | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265791239_Artifi
               | cia...
               | 
               | I would be very reluctant to read too deep into this
               | given saccharin is known to behave very differently in
               | animal models - for a long time it was thought to cause
               | bladder cancer, but follow up studies proved that it's an
               | idiosyncratic reaction only found in female lab rats and
               | no other gender/species combination. Not to mention the
               | dose used was unrealistic to begin with.
               | 
               | It's entirely plausible that sugar analogs like sucralose
               | and non-calorific sugar alcohols such as erythritol and
               | maltitol can cause long term changes in the gut biome but
               | high quality evidence is still lacking.
        
               | nprateem wrote:
               | Christ I'm not your mother. Search pubmed.
               | 
               | Research suggests a link to cancer. It'd be bad for your
               | microbiome if you die.
        
           | johnyzee wrote:
           | >I do the same for fats. The way I look at it, I want to
           | maximize the "enjoyment per kcalorie". :)
           | 
           | We are increasingly moving away from looking at fat as an
           | indulgence, towards understanding it as an essential
           | nutrient, with a large variance in fat types and their
           | benefits. E.g. some people would avoid eating nuts, because
           | they are high in fat, and not as tasty as something similarly
           | fatty, like a pastry. This seems wrong both intuitively, but
           | also from empirical findings about the impact of certain
           | omega-3 fatty acids (such as in nuts) versus that of, say,
           | omega-6 fats, which are way overrepresented in our diets due
           | to being so cheap.
        
             | rroblak wrote:
             | This. People are getting the message that "sugar is bad"
             | but the public health messaging of "fat is bad" still
             | lingers in many people's heads. It's sad, because as you
             | mentioned some days are indeed essential nutrients.
             | Especially for kids and pregnant women.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | I mean, the "fat is bad" thing isn't completely wrong: it
               | is definitely possible to overdo it. It's extremely
               | calorically dense, and most fats are bad for us in other
               | ways.
               | 
               | But society didn't replace some of the fat with increased
               | intake of vegetables and lean meats.
               | 
               | Food manufacturers compensated for less fat with more
               | sugars and salt, which we've been finding are even worse.
        
               | hilbert42 wrote:
               | _" People are getting the message that "sugar is bad" but
               | the public health messaging of "fat is bad" still lingers
               | in many people's heads."_
               | 
               | If this is true then what the hell is going on? We knew
               | this about sugar with certainly at absolute minimum a
               | half century ago when I was a kid (I know as I remember
               | the message).
               | 
               | The message--even as told at school--was that _'
               | excessive and repeated amounts of sugar (especially the
               | refined type as in drinks and sweets) causes diabetes'._
               | QED!
               | 
               | So what the fuck has happened, how was this once well-
               | established message erased from the collective
               | consciousness of more recent generations?
               | 
               | The message back then was so all pervasive that everybody
               | knew it.
               | 
               | So many important facts have been lost to recent
               | generations that I'm beginning to think education is
               | going backwards fast. What happened to health lectures in
               | primary school where we were told these facts?
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | We only really recently have evidence for sugar, on its
               | own, causing diabetes.
               | 
               | We had a lot of evidence for sugar causing weight gain.
               | And higher weight is strongly correlated with type II
               | diabetes. But from a public health standpoint, we were
               | worried about fats. We realized that many fats caused
               | health problems even without weight gain and also viewed
               | fats as having a more primary role in weight gain.
               | 
               | It's only recently (in the last couple of decades) that
               | we've gotten evidence that sugar on its own can increase
               | the risk of type 2 diabetes--even if you are of normal
               | weight.
        
         | exhilaration wrote:
         | So taking myself as an example: I drink 12 oz of coffee daily
         | (7 days per week), and I add exactly 12 grams of table sugar to
         | my coffee each day (equivalent to 3 sugar packets), which is 45
         | calories. Seems like I don't have much wiggle room and should
         | continue avoiding soda and juice.
        
           | brailsafe wrote:
           | I'll be the guy that I assume most people are sick of by this
           | point, and recommend experimenting with dropping the
           | additives in exchange for higher quality coffee if you can
           | afford it (it's usually not much more per cup). At
           | effectively zero calories, after some period of time you'll
           | get used to it and recalibrate your sense of sweetness to the
           | point where sugary drinks and coffee are much less palatable
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | I honestly can't tell much difference between expensive
             | coffee and Maxwell House. But in general I've never nerded
             | out over coffee, wine, bread, cheese, whiskey, or any other
             | food or beverage.
             | 
             | I don't add sugar to my coffee either.
        
               | cwbrandsma wrote:
               | I can easily tell the difference between the two, but I
               | really don't care so long as the coffee is brewed well. I
               | still like Maxwell House Black Silk, but at home I grind
               | my own beans and brew in a French Press.
               | 
               | What I don't like is "Church Coffee", where it has brewed
               | within an inch of its life and is the darkest, most
               | bitter/burned flavor that ever existed.
        
               | mcny wrote:
               | The best coffee I have ever had was from a coworker's
               | French press. (:
        
               | brailsafe wrote:
               | The best coffee you'll ever have is one that was made for
               | you with care :) Pay it forward if ya can.
        
               | znpy wrote:
               | Cheese is worth it, a bit. First because it's way leas of
               | a bullshit industry when compared to wine for example,
               | and also because (particularly if you're in europe) there
               | is so much variety of cheese at overall an affordable
               | price. And you largely don't need tools or fancy
               | accessories. If anything, you could get something nice to
               | paid it with :)
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Here in Singapore cheese is a lot more expensive than in
               | Europe, alas.
               | 
               | I can definitely tell the differences between different
               | coffees or teas or bread etc. The range for wine isn't
               | that large. And that's not just in 'quality', but also
               | just in less variety than eg (craft) beers or breads.
        
               | codazoda wrote:
               | I've tried lots of different coffee's and I keep going
               | back to (don't laugh) Folgers Instant. Maybe it's because
               | it's what my parents had when I was a kid. Nothing else
               | is quite like it.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, I add 100 calories of crap to it. But I
               | drink it slower than Coke and it's at least half the
               | calories of a 32oz (my other vise). I use it as a way to
               | lower my calorie count, just a little.
        
               | brailsafe wrote:
               | Surprisingly less calories in 32oz of Coke than I was
               | expecting, less than a standard Starbucks sugary drink
               | probably. Regarding coffee, people like what they like,
               | and there's a lot of memories I also have associated with
               | it, as well as drinking copious amounts of Coke for that
               | matter.
               | 
               | If you ever want to try and ease off both those vices,
               | I'd simply recommend buying a McDonalds coffee, buying a
               | Starbucks _Blonde_ Americano, and then taking them home
               | and brewing a cup of the folgers instant with no
               | additions. Get someone to pour them into identical cups,
               | and have them play a shell game (move the cups around to
               | hide which ones they are), then try them back and forth.
               | Try to avoid anything with sugar in it for a few hours
               | before. I bet you 'll pick out some differences and maybe
               | even like them, then if you want to try and delete the
               | sugar from your coffee, avoid it in exchange for black
               | coffee for at least a few months. It's not as hard as it
               | seems, but it does take some time.
               | 
               | Then if you like, play around with easy home brewing
               | methods like french press or pour over, grinding beans
               | etc.. those were probably the most impactful things I
               | tried when I went on the same journey. Grinding recently
               | roasted beans before brewing was eye opening. I honestly
               | didn't believe black coffee could be palatable, and was
               | drinking Folgers with half and half from the big red can
               | for ages.
        
               | brailsafe wrote:
               | Do you add cream or milk?
        
             | vasco wrote:
             | You can either get better coffee or you can also just get
             | used to the flavor. I didn't like it and after about a year
             | it became fine, now I have a lifetime of no sugar coffee
             | unlocked.
        
               | brailsafe wrote:
               | I think this is something that people don't appreciate
               | about being acclimated to sugar coffee. It takes a while
               | to adapt, you can't just try it periodically and try to
               | convince yourself it's better than the milky alternative,
               | contrast is too significant, like comparing a pear and a
               | slice of dry whole grain bread, or walking vs driving, or
               | going to the gym vs not. A couple of months though and
               | you'll probably be well on the way. In a pinch I'll grab
               | a black coffee from McDonalds, since it's more on the
               | medium side anyway, and it's perfectly serviceable.
        
             | wil421 wrote:
             | Just to add a bit, we bought a Breville espresso and
             | grinder. I only use some whole milk to make my coffee and
             | no sugar. My wife uses a little agave syrup and skips most
             | of the milk.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Milk has a bit of milk sugar in it. So you get some
               | sweetness that way.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | Agave syrup is virtually pure fructose. As a sugar
               | alternative it's ... not that great. The insulin response
               | is fairly low, true, but the high fructose content
               | carries its own risks.
               | 
               | <https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/agave-nectar-is-
               | even-wo...>
               | 
               | Stevia would be a non-sugar-based sweetener, though it
               | does have a distinctly different taste.
               | 
               | I'd learned to drink coffee with milk/cream, no sugar.
               | With decent beans (Trader Joe's Bay Blend, e.g., nothing
               | fancy) and a Moka pot that's more than sufficient.
        
               | brailsafe wrote:
               | Have you tried playing around with using the same
               | grinder, but switching up the beans and brewing method?
               | 
               | I think a lot of people go espresso at home, but I do
               | think that's an extremely difficult thing to transition
               | to consuming black unless you're really into the hobby of
               | it all and have adjusted. It's just really intense, which
               | naturally blends well with the fats and sugars in dairy,
               | especially with most espresso roasts being darker. If I
               | personally go espresso, it's either a latte or black
               | Americano.
        
             | GeekyBear wrote:
             | I'll chime in to agree that it does take some time to get
             | used to it, but after the transition period you don't miss
             | it.
             | 
             | Giving up sweetened drinks and learning to cook healthy
             | foods from scratch have been my most effective lifestyle
             | changes.
        
             | cableshaft wrote:
             | I was able to switch to coffee and a little half and half
             | with nothing else. That seems to be good enough for me and
             | pretty low calorie and sugar content.
             | 
             | Drinking black coffee only has been difficult though, even
             | with more expensive coffee (I'm not sure what's considered
             | higher quality necessarily, but I have an espresso machine
             | and I'm grinding whole beans for brands of coffee that
             | websites claim are good)
        
               | brailsafe wrote:
               | From my cursory sense of espresso, it's a bit of a
               | finicky, expensive, and niche thing to enjoy in the raw.
               | It's my impression that the overwhelming majority of
               | people in Canada and the U.S for example enjoy their
               | espresso in an espresso-based drink, like a latte or
               | cortado, because the intensity and texture of it mixes
               | quite well with the fats and sugars in cream or milk, and
               | is often made from darker roasts which balance out well.
               | It would be very hard to transition from that to just raw
               | espresso made from any bean.
               | 
               | I personally do not enjoy espresso on its own enough to
               | invest in that sort of equipment, and am fine just
               | getting that periodically at a cafe.
               | 
               | Anyone recommending any particular coffee on the internet
               | should qualify it with their brewing method and personal
               | preferences, because some people like a french press,
               | some people like espresso, or aeropress, or pourover, for
               | various reasons, and none are better than any other, but
               | some people like the intensity of straight espresso, and
               | some people like what you'd call drip/filter coffee,
               | which would be a classic cone that you drip water
               | through.
               | 
               | Likewise, among "high quality" coffee, there's a world of
               | variety. Many great South American beans lean into
               | chocolatey, but some end up quite sweet and fruity, while
               | east african or indonesian beans can pretty much taste
               | like candy. Quality usually refers to "grade", which is
               | more technical and I'm not too well versed on, but to me
               | it means how well the roasted product reveals the
               | potential of a well-selected batch. Sounds a bit
               | pretentious, but basically if you like bitters or cocoa
               | or milk or dark chocolate, high quality beans will make
               | that very enjoyable, both because it was a good crop from
               | the right region, and because the roaster did their job
               | by leaving enough of the sugars and moisture in the bean
               | throughout the roasting process. It's worth experimenting
               | with all of this.
               | 
               | If it doesn't taste that good, it can be because any of
               | those other variables are off, or the blend that the
               | roaster chose to make wasn't a good selection; they might
               | have chosen to mix a brazillian with an east african and
               | got the balance wrong for your taste, or it's too bitter
               | because they roasted it too long, or it might just be
               | stale, or you just don't like it because it's not your
               | vibe.
               | 
               | Right now, I'm doing pour overs with a Hario Switch or
               | V60 dripper and use a modest grinder. It's a pretty
               | standard and inexpensive setup, the dripper usually comes
               | in plastic or glass, and I get beans that are roasted in
               | the neighbourhood within the month for about ~$10USD or
               | sometimes more, and often they'll be an african or
               | columbian blend. It costs me very little and is a simple
               | pleasure. This is probably what I'd recommend if you were
               | looking to play around, it's cheap and would require only
               | the most marginal of equipment changes. It admittedly did
               | take me a long time to taper off the cream and milk, I'd
               | get it from McDonalds or whatever, but now I can even
               | drink that stuff black pretty easily, but it's nearly
               | impossible to tolerate if you're just side-by-side
               | comparing with a coffee+milk mix, the contrast is too
               | harsh.
               | 
               | I do still drink an occasional soda fwiw, and enjoy a
               | latte, but now that I've figured out how to find and make
               | good black coffee, there's no turning back. I'd rather
               | the sugar come from a dessert.
        
           | m3kw9 wrote:
           | Learn to drink it black, it's good. But I do get beans and
           | grind them so the brew is much higher quality. I'm assuming
           | you drink that can of grinds for 3 bucks or instant. Those
           | suck
        
             | chiefalchemist wrote:
             | I learned to drink it black, but not for health reasons. I
             | did it to avoid having to depend on sugar a/o milk in order
             | to have a coffee. Plus, nothing says "No nonsense" like
             | "Coffee? Yes, black please."
        
               | 0xEF wrote:
               | It"s funny but also true? I have taken my coffee black
               | for years now, having started because I wanted to just
               | simplify my experience with it (among other things in my
               | life). Not that my old coffee order was complex, but
               | being lactose intolerant meant I needed to choose which
               | milk substitute I was going to get, since not all coffee
               | shops carried the same ones back in the day (less of a
               | problem now, from what I understand). I grew to enjoy it
               | black and still drink it that way to this day.
               | 
               | Going back to it, I think the need to simplify things was
               | key for me. We are bombarded with so many choices,
               | especially in our food products which I've described as
               | the Breakfast Cereal Problem in the past. There are
               | simply too many to consider them all with each shopping
               | trip, so you are almost forced to just make one arbitrary
               | choice and live with it unless you want to be paralyzed
               | in the grocer aisle. None of the choices really offer a
               | significant value or weight over the others, each cereal
               | promising the same thing; to be part of a balanced
               | breakfast, that Gestalt puzzle created by marketers to
               | kick off our day.
               | 
               | Once you step back from that world, it does seem
               | miserably pointless and the same can be said for the
               | SSB's in the article. But on a deeper level, it says
               | something about the stresses we introduce into our lives
               | by chasing too many choices. I can't remember which of
               | his books he mentions this in, but Richard Feynman seemed
               | to have the same realization when struggling to decide
               | what to get for dessert in restaurants. Eventually, be
               | just settled on chocolate cake so he didn't have to make
               | that decision anymore. That stuck with me for some
               | reason, more than any concerns about how soda or whatever
               | might be affecting my blood sugar, pushing me in the
               | direction of just going with the more ubiquitous
               | alternative; water.
               | 
               | Plus with soda at $4USD a pop in most restaurants these
               | days, it's just cheaper to go with water. So we have
               | health, simplicity and financial reasons to not go for
               | the SSBs. Seems enough for me.
               | 
               | /ramble
        
               | m3kw9 wrote:
               | "Please hold on, white"
        
           | DanielHB wrote:
           | I recommend replacing the sugar for a little bit of milk.
        
           | brandall10 wrote:
           | I just add a few drops of Stevia (have a liquid bottle that
           | ends up being incredibly cheap on the whole)... personally, I
           | can't really tell the difference.
        
             | nineteen999 wrote:
             | Monkfruit sweetener tastes better and more like sugar to
             | me.
        
               | brandall10 wrote:
               | I've used and liked that as well, but honestly I'm not
               | too discerning. Where I am in Mexico atm it's hard to
               | find in a similar liquid form.
        
             | EasyMark wrote:
             | that's what I do, just a few drops is more than enough with
             | a splash of whole milk or cream
        
           | leptons wrote:
           | I sweeten my coffee now with pure monkfruit. It's great in
           | coffee, and chocolate too. It's really sweet, which is how I
           | like my coffee, only a little is needed. And there's zero
           | sugar or anything even close to a sugar.
           | 
           | The best time to stop eating sugar is yesterday. I wish I
           | hadn't fucked up my body so much with sugar.
        
         | dfltr wrote:
         | "Sugar: The Bitter Truth" (https://robertlustig.com/sugar-the-
         | bitter-truth/) is a pretty long watch, but it's incredibly eye-
         | opening in terms of explaining in detail exactly why our
         | current dietary sugar intake is so damaging to our bodies.
         | 
         | Note: Robert Lustig is a professor of pediatric endocrinology
         | at UCSF, I promise I wouldn't ask you (the reader) to watch a
         | long-ass youtube video unless it contained extremely relevant
         | science about how you (the biological machine) work.
        
           | jjav wrote:
           | Seconded. Lustig's talks are extremely good and highly
           | recommended for anyone who eats.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | Lustig is a crank with opinions well outside scientific
           | consensus.
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | This is one of those areas where scientific consensus needs
             | to catch up with the alarming facts that have been
             | discovered. Scientific consensus was against handwashing
             | for doctors and plate tectonics, and it still is in favor
             | of "clearing amyloid plaques will totally fix Alzheimer's",
             | but the facts just keep on being what they be.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | No, this is an area where Lustig is probably wrong, and
               | definitely making unsubstantiated statements.
        
               | chiefalchemist wrote:
               | Can you elaborate a bit?
        
               | vixen99 wrote:
               | As in? No examples so that we can look at the facts
               | ourselves?
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | You can use that exact post to reply to anything. It's
               | devoid of information relevant to this topic.
        
             | raegis wrote:
             | This isn't true. He has books and lectures explaining the
             | metabolic processes when eating refined sugar, and why it's
             | bad for you. Nowadays it's pretty mainstream stuff.
             | Nevertheless, can you give an example of one of his
             | opinions which is "well outside scientific consensus".
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | > Nevertheless, can you give an example of one of his
               | opinions which is "well outside scientific consensus".
               | 
               | Lustig specifically claims that sugar is addictive; that
               | fiber somehow mitigates the absorption of fructose; that
               | calorie restriction does not cause weight loss; that in
               | fact, weight loss is somehow a function of insulin, not
               | calories; that fructose is uniquely bad relative to other
               | sugars; that fructose causes inflammation; that recent
               | decades' increase in obesity is caused by increased sugar
               | consumption; that statins are essentially useless; that
               | some kinds of LDL cholesterol are good for longevity;
               | that non-nutritive sweeteners have the same impact on
               | fat/weight gain as sugar; etc, etc, etc, etc.
               | 
               | A few of these claims are wholly unsubstantiated by
               | research; the rest have some research _and the research
               | does not support Lustig 's claims_.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | What are you talking about?!? He's not some random dude,
               | he's a specialist and professor, at UCSF:
               | https://pediatrics.ucsf.edu/people/robert-lustig
               | 
               | >sugar is addictive
               | 
               | >>The evidence supports the hypothesis that under certain
               | circumstances rats can become sugar dependent. This may
               | translate to some human conditions as suggested by the
               | literature on eating disorders and obesity.
               | 
               | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2235907/
               | 
               | >that fiber somehow mitigates the absorption of fructose
               | 
               | >>Dietary fiber (DF), especially viscous DF, can
               | contribute to a reduction in the glycemic response
               | resulting from the consumption of carbohydrate-rich
               | foods.
               | 
               | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9736284/
               | 
               | >that calorie restriction does not cause weight loss
               | 
               | >>Mechanisms smooth out the large day-to-day differences
               | in energy consumption, decreasing the importance of the
               | size of a meal. In the short term a reduction in energy
               | intake is counteracted by mechanisms that reduce
               | metabolic rate and increase calorie intake, ensuring the
               | regaining of lost weight.
               | 
               | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5639963/
               | 
               | I'm not going to go on and on... UCSF, which is one of
               | the most respected teaching hospitals in the country,
               | isn't hiring cranks. He specialize in exactly this stuff.
               | Yea, he's a bit more strident than would would expect
               | from a scientist, yes, he deals with the extremes of
               | childhood obesity, which isn't really relevant to most
               | people's bodies, but christ, he's not a crank.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > In the short term a reduction in energy intake is
               | counteracted by mechanisms that reduce metabolic rate and
               | increase calorie intake, ensuring the regaining of lost
               | weight.
               | 
               | If calorie intake increases, then it's no longer "calorie
               | restriction".
               | 
               | If his actual claim was that calorie restriction does not
               | cause weight loss, then that's wild despite your quote.
               | 
               | > I'm not going to go on and on...
               | 
               | Well you didn't address the other really egregious
               | supposed claim, that "non-nutritive sweeteners have the
               | same impact on fat/weight gain as sugar". If that's an
               | accurate description of his stance, that's really bad.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | >While people often choose "diet" or "light" products to
               | lose weight, research studies suggest that artificial
               | sweeteners may contribute to weight gain.
               | 
               | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2892765/
               | 
               | Again... things that are counterintuitive are exactly the
               | purview of good science. The human body is an absurdly
               | complex multi-variate system that is confounding even in
               | the areas we pretend to understand.
               | 
               | The interaction of the neurologist of taste on biological
               | processes may be affecting the hunger responses, thus
               | weight gain.
               | 
               | This shit is not simple, and the simplistic models we use
               | to explain these processes are exactly the type on
               | ultimately wrong knowledge that Karl Popper rails
               | against.
               | 
               | Again, I definitely think Lustig claims debatable things
               | overconfidently, but he's no crank.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | "may contribute" is _really far_ from  "the same impact"
               | 
               | Even more so if there's a calorie restriction going on,
               | but still so if there isn't.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | You're motte and baileying.
        
             | vixen99 wrote:
             | When you make accusations like this why not offer a
             | specific illustrative example to avoid suggestions of mere
             | name calling. Scientific consensus?. Actually nutrition &
             | medical science is replete with the abandonment of
             | 'received opinion'. How about applauding researchers who
             | have novel ideas outside the consensus while at the same
             | time insisting they demonstrate their evidence or in
             | problematic areas, convincing reasons for pursuing their
             | path?
        
         | xboxnolifes wrote:
         | I'm always glad for more hard evidence, but this exact
         | reasoning has been "common sense", or something to that tune,
         | my entire life. Maybe not every individual resulting issue, but
         | that liquid sugar absorbs more rapidly and as such is worse
         | that an equivalent amount of sugar in a more solid meal.
        
           | eru wrote:
           | It's also a lot easier and quicker to drink the juice from,
           | say, 6 oranges than to eat 6 oranges.
        
         | Hilift wrote:
         | Orange juice is high in sugars. Drinking any alternative
         | beverage with a lot of sugar is bad for your health. I believe
         | a 12 ounce glass of orange juice is 100% of maximum sugar
         | intake for one day. If you drank orange juice the same way you
         | drank soda with added sugar, the health effect would be equally
         | detrimental.
        
           | musicale wrote:
           | I think citric acid is better than phosphoric acid (e.g. for
           | your bones and kidneys), though both can dissolve tooth
           | enamel.
           | 
           | OJ also has more vitamin C than typical sodas.
           | 
           | Milk has more calories/ounce than soda, but it also has
           | protein, fat, and calcium.
           | 
           | Anecdotally, I find juice more filling than soda, milk even
           | more so.
        
             | malfist wrote:
             | Citric acid and phosphoric acid likely have the same impact
             | on your teeth and no impact on your bones and kidneys.
             | 
             | Acids and bases on your diet have very little to do with
             | what pH is exposed to the rest of your body. Your stomach
             | is probably more acid than anything you eat or drink, and
             | your lungs and kidneys tightly regulate the pH of the
             | blood. If your diet is effecting your blood pH, your
             | probably already on death's door
        
               | davoneus wrote:
               | Intuitively, I suspect any acid is bad for your teeth.
               | But I see that statement primarily from Dentists, and
               | their track record in a number of areas is less than
               | stellar. Prime example: Flossing and 6 month checkups.
               | Neither of which have good scientific evidence, despite
               | their widespread promotion.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | From anecdotal evidence: when I stop flossing for a few
               | days, my gums start bleeding.
               | 
               | Not sure what suspicious extra super powers your dentist
               | suggests flossing has?
        
               | cableshaft wrote:
               | I go every three months, and they have a good amount of
               | tartar to clean off my teeth then. Also before I did that
               | I was having pretty significant pockets for gum disease
               | for all my teeth (it was close to the point where it's
               | irreversible).
               | 
               | It's mostly under control now, except for problem areas
               | in two specific spots, but even those are still better
               | than they were.
               | 
               | I haven't really changed my dental hygeine habits other
               | than going in for routine cleanings twice as often, so
               | it's definitely helping.
        
             | in-pursuit wrote:
             | Milk actually has a ridiculous amount of sugar. 11g per
             | cup! That makes it hard to drink if you're trying to cut
             | back on sugar.
        
               | majkinetor wrote:
               | Lactose is poorly digestible though
        
           | gdw2 wrote:
           | > the health effect would be equally detrimental.
           | 
           | From the article:
           | 
           | > High doses of rapidly digested glucose also activate
           | insulin and other regulatory pathways...
           | 
           | Orange Soda (i.e. Fanta), an SSB, and Orange Juice have
           | glycemic indexes of about 68 and 48 respectively. I assume
           | that's a material difference in that OJ doesn't spike your
           | insulin as abruptly and therefore is not as harmful. Thre's
           | more to it than simply grams of sugar.
        
             | Zobat wrote:
             | The diabetics I know say OJ is worse than (sugared) sodas.
        
               | Der_Einzige wrote:
               | Maybe because they can drink it faster. Glycmic index's
               | and the equivalent index's around insulin response are
               | literally the gold standard for deciding what's okay to
               | eat. "Vibes" or "My opinions" do not matter. OJ is
               | marginally "healthier", significantly because the fiber
               | in the drink (more pulp the better) slows down (slightly)
               | the insulin and glycemic responses.
               | 
               | Source: Family of diabetics who have actually lost limb
               | to the poison that is refined sugar.
        
           | EasyMark wrote:
           | also a lot of people won't acknowledge that as far as damage
           | that sugar is likely just as bad as HFCS. both should be
           | heavily reduced
        
             | jtc331 wrote:
             | I believe sucrose and fructose are processed differently --
             | specifically fructose is processed by the liver so can have
             | the same issues as alcohol there.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | Sucrose is 50% fructose. HFCS is typically 42-55%
               | fructose. They are essentially indistinguishable to your
               | liver.
        
               | sideshowb wrote:
               | > Sucrose is 50% fructose
               | 
               | What? They're different molecules
        
               | LordAtlas wrote:
               | Sucrose is a disaccharide made up of 50% glucose and 50%
               | fructose.
        
               | majkinetor wrote:
               | There is also a chemical bond that needs to be broken in
               | sucrose
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | Of course, and the human body is full of enzymes that
               | exist to cleave saccharides into their constituent
               | sugars.
        
         | brandall10 wrote:
         | Soft drinks tend to be much higher in sugar per ounce, roughly
         | double. A 12 ounce can of coke has 39 grams, so you blow past
         | that at around 4 ounces.
        
       | busyant wrote:
       | I know several people who've undergone bariatric surgery.
       | 
       | One of the post-surgery 'rules' is ... "Don't drink your
       | calories."
        
         | hombre_fatal wrote:
         | It's odd to me that zero-calorie sodas aren't the default by
         | now.
        
           | tasty_freeze wrote:
           | I used to drink a lot of soda but stopped 15 years ago and
           | have had a total of three or four cans since. I switched to
           | unsweetened green tea instead of a zero-calorie soda because
           | I don't like the taste of artificial sweeteners, and I am
           | somewhat suspicious of the unknown long-term consequences of
           | their use.
        
             | busyant wrote:
             | > I am somewhat suspicious of the unknown long-term
             | consequences of their use.
             | 
             | Can you elaborate on what you mean?
             | 
             | You're suspicious that sweetened drinks are more harmful
             | than advertised? Less harmful? Something else?
        
               | gdjskslsuhkso wrote:
               | Aspartame metabolises into methanol. Sugar alcohols give
               | you the squirts. Lots of them have downsides.
               | 
               | Allulose seems promising, I'd love to find some pop
               | sweetened with it.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | The older diet sodas definitely didn't taste like sugar but
           | the new ones (Coke Zero) are pretty great? Idk, I almost
           | never drink full sugar soda but I'm a fan of Coke Zero.
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | Coke Zero still has aspartame and so still has a bit of
             | that "aspar-tang" to its taste. But there's something in
             | its formulation that masks that somewhat and makes it
             | tastier than Diet Coke. The advertisements used to say
             | "Diet Dr. Pepper DOES taste more like regular Dr. Pepper!"
             | and it's true: something about the spices? they add to Dr.
             | Pepper causes the aspartame flavor to blend right in and be
             | less noticeable.
             | 
             | I drink sugar-free (or occasionally, low-sugar variants
             | like Olipop) soda from time to time but I find I'm drinking
             | way _less_ soda -- and everything else except maybe water
             | and coffee -- these days. Being on a dietary protocol for
             | early T2D has brought my liquid cravings way, way down.
        
           | carwyn wrote:
           | They are in some countries. The sugar tax in the UK quickly
           | led to many places only selling non sugar variants or
           | charging a premium for the sugared versions.
        
       | pelagicAustral wrote:
       | I only ever drink coke when I'm mixing with whisky... not sure
       | which one is worse...
        
         | hilux wrote:
         | The Coke is definitely worse, unless you're flying an airliner,
         | of course.
        
           | MichaelDickens wrote:
           | People who have serious health issues from drinking soda are
           | usually drinking 1+ liters per day. A liter of whiskey per
           | day would be extremely bad for you.
        
             | hilux wrote:
             | My goodness - I've been doing it all wrong!
             | 
             | Also, you are quite wrong on the amount of soda. Depending
             | on your genetics, it takes a lot less than that to mess up
             | your A1c.
        
         | schroeding wrote:
         | Same, but with rum. Just doesn't work as well with the diet
         | stuff for some reason, too.
         | 
         | Classic coke + Cuban rum + lime == very good time. :D
        
         | f1shy wrote:
         | I drink coke in very small dose, mixed with Fernet branca. And
         | I know positively, that if somebody upvotes this, is coming
         | from a very specific country, where I've been, where it is very
         | popular :)
         | 
         | I do not think is so bad, as I drink it a couple of times a
         | month (tops).
        
       | hilux wrote:
       | It's "good" that this is in Nature, but does any health-aware
       | person not already know this?
       | 
       | Our real problem is that most people aren't health-aware, and
       | advertising (including the pharma-funded healthcare system)
       | absolutely overwhelms common-sense truths about health.
       | 
       | Over the past few years I have improved my own health by greatly
       | limiting my intake of sugars, including by cutting out "healthy"
       | smoothies, but I learned all this from Dr Internet, and NOT from
       | any physician who was being paid to treat me. US physicians'
       | knowledge of nutrition is stuck at whatever they were taught in
       | med school, which was probably 20+ years behind the research _at
       | that time_.
        
         | pama wrote:
         | The HN title shortening is a bit misleading. The paper
         | systematically analyzes the burden of this known effect on 184
         | countries.
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | There is almost nothing* like sugar drinks in the natural world
       | our bodies evolved in. Sugar drinks are about as different as tea
       | leaves and pure cocaine. It's is no coincidence that both are
       | refined white powders.
       | 
       | *honey
        
         | ricardobeat wrote:
         | I take it you haven't tried a nice ripe mango from subtropical
         | regions, or a pineapple, white grapes (or grape juice),
         | watermelon, navel oranges? They can be sweeter than Dr. Pepper.
         | 
         | Sugarcane also exists and you can chew it.
         | 
         | They just tended to 1) come with fiber, 2) not be as easy to
         | acquire or eat in large quantities 3) not available all year,
         | or all at once
        
           | Ensorceled wrote:
           | This is nonsense:
           | 
           | 100g of mango has 14g of sugar
           | 
           | 100g of watermelon has 6.2g of sugar
           | 
           | 100g of navel orange has 12g of sugar
           | 
           | 100g of sugar has 100g of sugar, 1 can of Dr Pepper has 40g
           | of sugar
           | 
           | It's both pure sugar AND more sugar. You have to eat more
           | than half a pound of mango to get to the same sugar as a Dr
           | Pepper.
        
             | zajio1am wrote:
             | Why you switched from grams to cans when compared to Dr
             | Pepper? A can of Dr Pepper is 350 ml, so about 350 g.
             | Therefore:
             | 
             | 100 g of Dr. Pepper has 11g of sugar
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | Because no one eats 1 pound of mango.
               | 
               | People drink 10 cans of Dr. Pepper.
        
               | nox101 wrote:
               | I know lots of people that eat 1 pound of dried mango,
               | usually sugared but often not.
        
             | ricardobeat wrote:
             | As mentioned in the sibling comment, your numbers are not
             | comparable, and anything >10% is already an absolutely
             | unhealthy amount of sugar.
             | 
             | Point being that sugary drinks/foods didn't suddenly come
             | to existence.
             | 
             | There are sugary products everywhere because we want them -
             | or you might say we were made to want them. We made it
             | central to our culture in many ways, and accepted terrible
             | dietary habits as the norm. The wide availability of
             | something like Dr Pepper is as much a cause as a reflection
             | of that.
        
           | chillacy wrote:
           | The fiber is afaik a big factor for slowing rate and amount
           | of sugar absorbed (amount because apparently some of it makes
           | it far enough to feed gut bacteria in the large intestine).
        
         | f1shy wrote:
         | Well still different, as I could never possibly drink 300ml of
         | honey, without choking or something worse.
         | 
         | On the other hand, grape juice, while not 100% natural, I'm not
         | sure how it fares against cola (just considering sugar, not the
         | rest of the junk)
         | 
         | Once I drunk some not-still-done wine, basically grape juice
         | where the fermentation started, and so some bubbles were
         | present. That was the most natural and delicious soda I've ever
         | tasted... I do bot even hope it can be healthy to the body...
         | but my soul ;)
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | When in human history could you drink 1L+ of fruit juice for
           | $2 every single day regardless of the season?
        
             | f1shy wrote:
             | No question. Until VERY recently (in terms of evolution
             | anyway).
        
             | Nasrudith wrote:
             | If you allow fermentation first, then perhaps Greece? They
             | diluted it, but it still may well have added up to 1L+.
        
         | Anotheroneagain wrote:
         | Most of our animal relatives obtain the vast majority of their
         | calories from fruit, that is, sugar. The tarsier is the closest
         | one that doesn't.
        
           | xnx wrote:
           | Good point. Natural fruit is different from sugar drinks in a
           | few ways: takes effort to collect and consume, contains fiber
           | that increases satiety, and is much less sweet (even when
           | compared to the extra sweet varieties humans have bred).
        
       | tpoacher wrote:
       | "Tendency to manifest consumption of sugar beverages attributable
       | to predisposition to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease."
       | 
       | Hm. I thought the "switcheroo test" would create an obviously
       | false "what if" statement in this case, but not so sure.
        
       | znpy wrote:
       | Tangentially related: a while ago i used to drink aspartame-
       | sweetened drinks (sugarfree coke) but I did quit that as well
       | after reading thst the sweet taste is still going go stimulate
       | insulin production.
       | 
       | Speaking with a relative eho is a medical doctor they told me
       | that yes, that's a thing.
       | 
       | I'm not sure to what degree this might fit into the discussion,
       | but just wanted to write this down.
       | 
       | Nowadays i just drink water.
       | 
       | I still have the occasional beer or the occasional glass of
       | proper wine if i'm out with friends.
        
         | EasyMark wrote:
         | I've known multiple with glucose monitors and all of them told
         | me they saw no increase after drink a diet soda. I think the
         | "aspartame causes sugar spikes" is an urban legend. I never get
         | the sugar rush from them like I do if I drink a sugary soda.
        
           | snvzz wrote:
           | Wouldn't the insulin w/o sugar cause a drop, instead?
        
             | TuringNYC wrote:
             | >> Wouldn't the insulin w/o sugar cause a drop, instead?
             | 
             | In the short term, but as I understand, the constant
             | insulin response would also cause insulin resistance over
             | time.
        
               | snvzz wrote:
               | Yeah, long term.
               | 
               | But I understood parent as doing immediate measurements
               | and expecting blood sugar increase despite insulin
               | produced with no carb intake.
        
           | afarviral wrote:
           | Yeah absolutely taking artificial sweetener can't cause a
           | glucose spike itself (no glucose or minimal amount to be
           | derived), but maybe it could contribute to spikier glucose in
           | general (due to sweetness contributing to hormonal dis-
           | regulation/lack of satiety and overeating)
        
           | TuringNYC wrote:
           | >> I've known multiple with glucose monitors and all of them
           | told me they saw no increase after drink a diet soda. I think
           | the "aspartame causes sugar spikes" is an urban legend. I
           | never get the sugar rush from them like I do if I drink a
           | sugary soda.
           | 
           | IANAD, but my reading of Dr. Jason Fung's book "The Obesity
           | Code" suggests that while artificial sweeteners do not spike
           | glucose immediately, they elicit an insulin response, which
           | over time causes insulin resistance, which over time
           | increases glucose.
        
         | afarviral wrote:
         | When I researched it in the past I thought that multiple
         | studies corroborated that while blood sugar doesn't increase
         | from drinking artificially sweetened drinks that people who
         | drink them still tend to gain weight. I'm not sure how those
         | studies adjusted for things like people that already have
         | metabolic syndrome who simply choose artificial sweetener for
         | health reasons though?
         | 
         | It seems the most I would be comfortable concluding from recent
         | reviews of studies is that there are some worrying findings,
         | enough to warrant caution. If you can simply reduce your
         | consumption of sugary foods and beverages I suspect it will
         | reduce your craving better than a replacement stimuli. You can
         | review some studies here:
         | 
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=obesity+artificial+swe...
         | 
         | It's a fallacy to draw conclusions from the number of
         | studies/reviews supporting a given hypothesis, but the majority
         | conclude that artificial sweeteners are associated with
         | negative health effects and not a helpful tool for adiposity-
         | related diseases.
        
       | mrcwinn wrote:
       | My father was Type 2 and for decades drank sweet tea; sweet tea
       | that progressively became sweeter and sweeter. If you were to let
       | it settle, you would see a thick layer of sugar sitting at the
       | bottom of the glass. Eventually, he lost both of his legs beneath
       | the knee due to infections that festered. He spent his last few
       | years in a wheelchair and then eventually died of a heart attack.
       | 
       | Bad habits, bit by bit, over the course of years.
       | 
       | As a photojournalist, he won a Pulitzer for earthquake footage in
       | 1989, saw the shuttle take off and land countless times, and took
       | an incredible photo at a NASCAR event of a car, engulfed in
       | flames, flying directly at his lens. (He got the shot and then
       | dove out of the way.)
       | 
       | Which I guess is to say... life is ups and downs. Be wary of
       | sugary stuff.
        
         | mc3301 wrote:
         | That sounds like an epic photo, indeed.
        
         | underlipton wrote:
         | Your father sounds similar to mine: high-achiever, running
         | every which way. Question: how was his sleep? My father's
         | career was in a field that required annual physical fitness
         | certification; his diet probably could have stood to include
         | less salt and sugar when I was very young, but he cleaned it
         | up, especially by the time he was diagnosed with T2. Something
         | his job also required, however: early mornings. Late nights.
         | And, evidently, not enough time to stop for a moment and
         | determine if he might have sleep apnea (he did).
         | 
         | So, I think it's a three-part issue. Diet (sugar), obviously.
         | Exercise, too, and whether or not you're getting it regularly
         | throughout the day, every day. But I think it all goes to shit
         | if you're getting bad sleep, especially if that "bad sleep" is
         | "miniature bouts of asphyxiation." It completely screws with
         | your body's ability to regulate itself, hormonally, and to
         | recover from the day's damage.
        
           | mrcwinn wrote:
           | Agree about sleep. He managed a newsroom and "put the paper
           | to bed" so he worked from 7pm to 4am. I'm sure it didn't
           | help. For myself, I'm physically built very differently
           | (leaner) and I don't care much for sweet tea, so I'm lucky I
           | guess. But as an achiever, sleep is always my battle. Comes
           | and goes!
        
       | KWxIUElW8Xt0tD9 wrote:
       | There is a classic book about the effects of sugar named "Sugar
       | Blues" for the interested. I have a bad reaction to sugar so have
       | to avoid certain foods -- e.g. bananas are a no-no for me.
        
       | bentt wrote:
       | Fruit smoothies are an interesting case of a "sugar beverage"
       | which doesn't quite act how you'd think. Intuitively, you'd think
       | that speedy ingestion of that much fructose with all its fiber
       | obliterated in a blender could potentially cause spikes in blood
       | glucose. However this study showed that when the fruits had
       | seeds, like blackberries and raspberries, the glucose peak was
       | _lower_ with blended fruit than whole.
       | 
       | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9657402/
        
         | kart23 wrote:
         | fiber isn't 'obliterated' in a blender, it's only removed with
         | juices. in juice you strain all the pulp and seeds out,
         | smoothies retain the seeds and fiber.
        
       | ketarnath wrote:
       | Yet another article implying causation from association. The
       | theory that sugar CAUSES diabetes type 2 fails when you look at
       | people that eat a ton of carbs but keep the fats low: low fat
       | vegans, fruitarians. Find one that's diabetic. They should be
       | dropping like flies. But look at people that eat high fat >40% of
       | calories, and the rest in carbs, and there you'll find the
       | population of the metabolically compromised.
        
         | aziaziazi wrote:
         | I'm not an expert but pretty sure fibers helps a lot regarding
         | diabetes 2, microbiote and many other thing related. Vegans and
         | fruitarians _usually_ gets a lot more fibers than others
         | regimes. But a diverse omnivorous diet including many vegetable
         | is better than tofu+potatoes only. I recommend tempeh (0)
         | instead tofu.
         | 
         | I agree with you sugars can't be seen as the only one cause.
         | 
         | 0 http://tempeh.info/
        
         | spot5010 wrote:
         | Can you please cite sources for your claims?
        
       | jodosha wrote:
       | Not a native English speaker but, isn't the word "attributable"
       | in the title at least misleading?
       | 
       | Shouldn't it be "linked" instead?
       | 
       | The paper indicates correlation, not causality.
        
         | omnicognate wrote:
         | Based on the abstract it's not a study showing that "Type 2
         | Diabetes and cardiovascular disease [are] attributable to sugar
         | beverages", it's a paper quantifying the "[Amount of] Type 2
         | Diabetes and cardiovascular disease [that are] attributable to
         | sugar beverages [in various countries]". The link and causation
         | is already well established. This is trying to determine how
         | much harm it's doing in different parts of the world.
        
       | gigatexal wrote:
       | Well this article scared me. Guess I will have to quit Mountain
       | Dew. But what if I switched to the sugar free one? (Am I swapping
       | diabetes and heart disease for cancer?)
        
         | gleenn wrote:
         | Weird software X diabetes story. CFO at my small startup had
         | type 2. We only had sugar free sodas and water bottles and,
         | oddly, Capri Suns at my 15 person startup. I distinctly
         | remember wracking my brain working on some code for long day
         | and my brain was like "give me sugar!". I didn't realize that
         | attempting to feed it many (sugar-free) sodas, it wasn't
         | getting what it wanted. It needed the glucose. I began
         | surreptitiously drinking Capri Suns. My CFO sees me chugging
         | aforementioned childrens' drink and informs me those are his
         | emergency sugar drinks and please don't accidentally kill him
         | if he ODs on insulin. Never learned so much biology while
         | writing software in my life.
        
         | looofooo0 wrote:
         | Artifical sweeterner are pretty safe, go for it.
        
           | tacker2000 wrote:
           | Not true, artificial sweeteners lead to the same addiction
           | effects as sugar. There was some paper about this recently.
           | 
           | Also is is not entirely researched what these artificial
           | sweeteners really do to your body if consumed over long
           | periods of time.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | First you should take a few long minutes and think hard about
         | why you drink this shit in the first place.
        
           | gigatexal wrote:
           | Cuz it tastes good? Because I'm addicted? Because the
           | caffeine is great. Because I hate the taste of coffee.
           | Because I can? I dunno.
        
             | aembleton wrote:
             | If you're addicted to the sugar, then the sugar-free
             | version won't satisfy your cravings.
        
             | lm28469 wrote:
             | The human experience is all about controlling your urges. I
             | also like to eat until I feel stuffed and sleep 12 hours a
             | day, but I don't because I value my long term health above
             | short term pleasures. Sadly for us modern life is all about
             | short term pleasures and convenience, if you're not careful
             | you can lose yourself real quick
             | 
             | Try sparkling water, home made water kefir, herbal teas,
             | &c.
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | why are you lecturing somebody on the internet about
               | personal lifestyle choices? as if the whole world doesn't
               | know what they consume can negatively affect their
               | health...
        
               | gigatexal wrote:
               | Real condescending dad energy right?
        
       | gigatexal wrote:
       | What was hard to read from the article was if there's a weekly or
       | daily intake of sugar from SSB's that's "safe"?
        
       | rauljordan2020 wrote:
       | I'm from latam. I never saw anyone drink water growing up.
       | Anytime you try to drink water, people label you as boring, even
       | your parents. Whenever we go to a restaurant, the first thing you
       | ask the waiter is "what sodas do you have?". If you're not
       | feeling like drinking soda and want something "healthier", you
       | ask what kinds of fruit juices they have. If you don't like the
       | options, you settle on a hyper-sweetened tea.
       | 
       | I frequently ask my parents to drink more water, and they get
       | defensive saying they drink a lot of water but I just don't see
       | it. The truth is they only drink half a small cup in the middle
       | of the night...
        
         | batushka5 wrote:
         | And how are latam's doing? From your writeup seems to be
         | enjoying life
        
         | mmustapic wrote:
         | Latin America is very big, I don't think you can generalise
         | your experience to a whole subcontinent.
        
       | ashtami8 wrote:
       | How did this article get past the sugar mafia? That too in
       | nature!
       | 
       | Yudkin [1] must be chortling ;)
       | 
       | Warren Buffett, have your boys been slacking off? Somebody is
       | gonna get really hurt...bad!
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure,_White_and_Deadly
        
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