[HN Gopher] Adaptation to a Viscous Snowball Earth Ocean as Path...
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       Adaptation to a Viscous Snowball Earth Ocean as Path to Complex
       Multicellularity (2021)
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 33 points
       Date   : 2025-01-03 17:08 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.journals.uchicago.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.journals.uchicago.edu)
        
       | quotemstr wrote:
       | Such a mechanism would make complex life even _more_ rare in the
       | universe. Better this solution to the Fermi paradox than that
       | sentient species tend to destroy themselves with technology.
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | We want the Great Filter to be behind us.
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | I very much love the idea the Great Filter being behind us,
           | but, just in case, we shouldn't ignore the possibility of
           | multiple Great Filters.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | Every time a SETI search comes up empty, I am happy.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | Every time it comes up empty I think of how many filters
               | we still have to clear.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | If we find abundant ET life, it's evidence we're fucked,
               | since at least one filter is in front of us. Only by
               | having little or no ET within cosmological distances
               | would the possibility remain open there's no GF ahead of
               | us.
        
               | wholinator2 wrote:
               | Please explain because i would intuit the opposite. The
               | less life's we see, the less likely that life survives
               | to/through technological ages that would allow them to
               | talk to us. If we see abundant life the it must be very
               | easy to survive, thus less filters
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | If life is abundant, there must have been something to
               | prevent it from spreading, now or in the distant past.
               | The fact that we evolved in an apparently empty universe,
               | rather than in one that's been totally colonized, implies
               | something stops this from happening. This thing is called
               | the Great Filter, and it's apparently extremely
               | effective.
               | 
               | If the GF is in front of us, in a universe with lots of
               | ETI, our chances of evading it are extremely small. After
               | all, no one else has; why would we be so special?
               | 
               | Nick Bostrum has called detection of ETI, or even complex
               | ET life, the worst news mankind would ever receive. It
               | would be a death sentence for our future.
               | 
               | https://nickbostrom.com/papers/where-are-they/
        
               | svnt wrote:
               | You can have abundant life that is functionally isolated
               | by physics, or said differently, by the degree of
               | technological and societal advancement required to
               | traverse the space between.
               | 
               | Great distances and inherent speed limits seem like a
               | decent way to accomplish that.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | I think it's clear that interstellar travel, while not
               | trivial, should be possible for a civilization just a bit
               | more advanced than our own. The energy or material
               | resources required for interstellar colonization are very
               | small compared to the resources available. It doesn't
               | even require relativistic speeds, although reaching (say)
               | 0.01 c doesn't require outrageous engineering, just a
               | large spacecraft and lots of hydrogen bombs.
               | 
               | Now, perhaps it's universally true that civilizations
               | don't advance much beyond where we currently are, or
               | don't persist for sufficiently long for interstellar
               | colonization to be successful. These would also be very
               | depressing outcomes if they are imposed on us by the GF.
        
               | api wrote:
               | Space is called space for a reason. I feel like even
               | scientifically knowledgeable people have a hard time
               | wrapping their heads around just how much _space_ is out
               | there.
               | 
               | Here's a good place to start:
               | 
               | https://joshworth.com/dev/pixelspace/pixelspace_solarsyst
               | em....
               | 
               | Signals diminish with the square of distance. SETI would
               | never hear anything from other stars unless it was
               | broadcast with insanely high transmit power or was
               | directed right at us (and still very powerful). Nobody
               | would do that unless they knew someone was here actively
               | listening.
               | 
               | https://briankoberlein.com/blog/et-phone-home/
               | 
               | So for example, to reach the Centauri system (the nearest
               | star) with a signal as powerful as the signal Voyager
               | sends to Earth would require a transmit power of over 100
               | megawatts at a minimum. That's just the nearest star. It
               | gets exponentially harder as you go further out. For more
               | distant stars you're talking gigawatts or terawatts or
               | beyond.
               | 
               | Even barring concerns about attracting attention, why
               | dedicate that kind of resources to operate an
               | interstellar border blaster if you don't even have a
               | reason to think anyone's listening, and if you won't get
               | a reply for hundreds or thousands of years?
        
           | api wrote:
           | I've always seen a problem with the idea of the great filter:
           | why do we think the filter is one thing or one discrete
           | barrier?
           | 
           | Why couldn't there be a very large number of low-probability
           | filters and/or a continuous probability of failure spread
           | across billions of years? Add them all up and the cumulative
           | effect would be the same as a single great filter, but there
           | would not be one single primary hurdle that needs to be
           | cleared.
           | 
           | This and the Fermi paradox itself are really just
           | speculations. We have only one data point, which makes it
           | impossible to say anything definitive.
        
         | pohl wrote:
         | Wouldn't it potentially make it less rare, if it turns out to
         | be an additional mechanism? (Isn't it possible that there'd be
         | multiple paths?)
        
         | billiam wrote:
         | I think the rare Earth hypotheses get it backward, it all looks
         | unlikely when you only have one data point. I think that
         | complex life finds a way and it all looks like a six cushion
         | bank shot in retrospect.
        
       | billiam wrote:
       | This is more of a hypothesis than a well-rounded and evaluated
       | theory. I could argue that rather than the viscosity of seawater
       | the isolation of hydrothermal vents during the Snowball Earth
       | period was the primary driver of eukaryote evolution and
       | diversity. Isolation makes evolution speed up, and homogeneity
       | slows it down in general. Fascinating to think about it though.
        
         | pdl410 wrote:
         | Isolation = Energy concentration
        
           | pdl410 wrote:
           | The endosymbiosis that resulted in the harnessing of
           | mitochondrial energy production appears to have only happened
           | once (see work by Nick Lane) and resulted in a ~20 fold
           | increase in available energy to the cell was followed very
           | closely by the Cambrian explosion. We could still all still
           | be bacteria today without it.
           | 
           | https://nick-lane.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Lane-J-
           | Theo...
        
             | baq wrote:
             | Once in a billion years is some very long odds bet. Drake's
             | equation should include this as a separate factor.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | If it happened by chance, then we are alone in the
               | universe. If literally trillions of bacteria all living
               | and dying (ie evolving) with generations measured in
               | hours ... and it still took a billion years to happen,
               | then there is no hope for multicellular life elsewhere.
               | There would have been more bacteria in earth's ancient
               | ocean than there are planets in the visible universe.
               | Hope of ever contacting multicellular aliens is over.
               | 
               | OR ... the switch to multicellular life was triggered by
               | some sort of event, an evolved response to an
               | environmental change. In that case then it is reasonable
               | to think that it would happen on other planets too. So I
               | really do hope that it wasn't a matter of pure chance. I
               | want us to meet or at lease hear someone else some day.
        
               | PittleyDunkin wrote:
               | > an evolved response to an environmental change.
               | 
               | This is still a "by pure chance" event, yea? Otherwise
               | we're just back to intelligent design. Surely the issue
               | is that we have fundamentally few ways of analyzing how
               | probable that single event is/was.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Mutations occur by chance. With trillions of bacteria,
               | mutations are a constant. Each possibly mutation is
               | happening somewhere. Natural selection then dictates
               | which mutations thrive when the environment favors them
               | to do so. Evolution is a system, not a lottery.
               | 
               | There is also a meta layer to evolution, that organisms
               | can "evolve to evolve", that the rate of "random"
               | mutations can itself be an evolved trait. Sexual
               | reproduction arguably is such a system: an evolved system
               | that regulates future evolution. So even base mutations
               | may not be totally random.
        
             | pdl410 wrote:
             | https://www.quantamagazine.org/scientists-re-create-the-
             | micr...
        
       | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
       | It seems to me that multicellularity and the corresponding rise
       | of complexity would be very useful adaptations in ANY
       | evolutionary environment. They would give the species more
       | capabilities and help to "game the game" by creating more axis of
       | future variation. How can a unicellular critter compete with all
       | the varied descendant species of a multicellular one?
       | 
       | No doubt water temperature/viscocity - environmental factors -
       | did provide an evolutionary pressure for some extant species, but
       | it seems highly speculative to try to write an exact evolutionary
       | history of what factors drove what changes.
        
         | Avshalom wrote:
         | >>How can a unicellular critter compete with all the varied
         | descendant species of a multicellular one?
         | 
         | The prevalence of unicellular life on Earth should tell you
         | that this is a malformed question.
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | Yes, I suppose, although of course at one time it had been
           | 100%. Maybe only the strongest lineages survived ?
           | 
           | What I really meant, rather than multicellularity being
           | invincible, was that it's an obviously beneficial direction,
           | and doesn't seem like it would need any extreme environmental
           | stress to prove beneficial.
        
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