[HN Gopher] U.S. Appeals Court Strikes Down FCC's Net Neutrality...
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       U.S. Appeals Court Strikes Down FCC's Net Neutrality Rules
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 69 points
       Date   : 2025-01-02 20:05 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.tvtechnology.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.tvtechnology.com)
        
       | treetalker wrote:
       | Several related cases; the opinion in one of them is here:
       | https://www.opn.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/25a0002p-06.pd...
       | 
       | Lousy reporting: although it quotes the opinion and links to
       | other articles on the same website, the article doesn't bother to
       | cite the opinion or even mention the name of the case, let alone
       | link to the source.
        
         | fooey wrote:
         | the NYT article links to the same PDF you provided
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/02/technology/net-neutrality...
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | Huge pet peve of mine. Reporters incentive are to keep you on
         | site, not inform.
         | 
         | It is particularly egregious when reporting on governmental
         | public safety announcement and laws. Reporting buries the web
         | results, but fails to cite it.
         | 
         | I'm generally a libertarian, but would be in favor of required
         | linking of government PSAs and laws
        
       | billyp-rva wrote:
       | It's a sad commentary that, because of how concentrated web
       | traffic is today, net neutrality feels like an antiquated
       | concern.
        
         | orev wrote:
         | The idea that Google, Facebook, Amazon, etc. have made Net
         | Neutrality irrelevant is ridiculous, and is a result of a
         | directed campaign by ISPs to distract attention from them and
         | onto these other companies.
         | 
         | With NN in place, there's nothing at the network level that
         | prevents a competitor to them from rising up. Without NN, ISPs
         | can make deals to speed/slow/block traffic to different
         | destinations, which would have a real effect on possible
         | newcomers that challenge the incumbents.
        
           | billyp-rva wrote:
           | > is a result of a directed campaign by ISPs to distract
           | attention from them and onto these other companies.
           | 
           | I've come to this conclusion because NN is effectively dead
           | at the link level, not the ISP level. Try posting a link to
           | the web on any of the big social sites, and you'll be
           | instantly downranked.
        
             | orev wrote:
             | Whatever problem that is, it's not Net Neutrality. NN is
             | about ISPs being able to do things like sell different
             | service levels, like package A includes access to Facebook
             | and Google only, package B includes package A plus
             | Instagram and Netflix, package C includes package B plus
             | TikTok, etc. Or doing things like making their own video
             | service while making Netflix unusably slow.
             | 
             | Not saying your issue also isn't valid, but it can be
             | addressed by market forces when enough people get sick of
             | that type of behavior (like Twitter/X) and move to
             | something else (like Bluesky). Most people don't have any
             | real choice between ISPs (through monopolies that have been
             | granted to them for decades by local governments), and
             | therefore there needs to be some additional legal
             | protection against that type of behavior.
             | 
             | Trying to lump them both together under NN is part of the
             | playbook that Big ISP has been using for years to muddy the
             | issue.
        
       | kristopolous wrote:
       | I like how they quoted Brendan Carr - he's one of those people
       | who think anything done in the public interest, to protect
       | people's rights, increase transparency or to hold power brokers
       | accountable is, without exaggeration, evil tyrannical overreach.
       | 
       | These kinds of people talk about personal responsibility because
       | they don't believe in social or civic responsibility.
       | 
       | I mean don't get me wrong, he's ok with the government paying for
       | things to gift them away to corporations, or bailing them out or
       | banning things like municipal broadband and consumer disclosure
       | or legislation that enables dark money to move around - that's
       | apparently good government doing good things.
       | 
       | It's like he reads Philip K Dick for inspiration of how to
       | structure a society.
        
         | malfist wrote:
         | He's not nearly that principled. Private capital acting in a
         | way he doesn't agree with politically is wrong according to
         | him. See his complaints about Big tech "censorship" of
         | misinformation and Harris's appearance on SNL
        
           | kristopolous wrote:
           | His idea of censorship is when social media takes steps in
           | the public interest and their civic responsibility of
           | providing a social good seriously.
           | 
           | Meta is trying to avoid another Myanmar catastrophe and he
           | wants to use the power of the state to ensure no responsible
           | actions for the public good will be taken.
           | 
           | It's ideologically consistent. Anything acting for the
           | betterment of society is somehow communism
        
       | empath75 wrote:
       | It's hard to get really worked up about courts falling on one
       | side or the other of an argument between multibillion dollar
       | corporations about how to allocate bandwidth costs.
        
         | RiverCrochet wrote:
         | There's a lot of concern about the lack of net neutrality being
         | unfair in the sense it gives providers the ability to make
         | traffic to sites slower, but does not having net neutrality
         | also mean they can simply refuse to send/receive to specific
         | domains or IP addresses?
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | Technically yes, but this has been done very few times in
           | history.
        
             | RiverCrochet wrote:
             | Well, it's definitely a new historical era in which old
             | precedents are being thrown out and new ones made. I'm sure
             | anti-piracy organizations will use this to their advantage
             | soon to make a deal with ISPs to block suspected piracy
             | sites. Also I do wonder if we'll see U.S. ISPs refuse to
             | allow access to certain sites based on religious freedom
             | grounds soon.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I don't think any US conception of "net neutrality" was
               | going to protect the suspected piracy sites.
        
         | treetalker wrote:
         | A grander theme is seeing the effects of the _Loper Bright_
         | decision and the end of _Chevron_ (and certain other, but not
         | all, forms of) deference to administrative agencies.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | Any thoughts about why I should, on the advent of a second
           | Trump administration, be dismayed about a lack of deference
           | to executive agencies?
        
             | timmytokyo wrote:
             | The inability of executive agencies to create regulations
             | will extend beyond one presidential administration. Given
             | that conservative administrations tend to favor cutting
             | regulations anyway, this jurisprudence will likely impact
             | liberal administrations more than conservative ones.
        
       | yesco wrote:
       | I've always felt the FCC was an inappropriate path for enforcing
       | this. Ideally it would be powers granted to the FTC either
       | through legislation or potentially through existing powers they
       | might already have in this domain.
       | 
       | The FCC's jurisdiction on this was already shaky even before
       | Chevron was overturned, I think the moment activism was pushed in
       | this direction net neutrality was doomed a decade of unending
       | lawsuits. Even if they somehow made it passed the courts, I'm not
       | quite convinced the FCC would be motivated to actually do much
       | about this even with a sympathetic administration. Consider that
       | prior to the internet, they were pretty much created to do the
       | opposite of what people want from net neutrality.
       | 
       | These are just my armchair thoughts though.
        
         | fooey wrote:
         | The fun tradeoff here is since the courts determined the feds
         | can't regulate it, the states are allowed to instead, with
         | California and New York already taking the lead, and are _much_
         | more consumer oriented than anything that could be done
         | federally.
        
           | granzymes wrote:
           | The Federal government _can_ regulate broadband providers,
           | just not as telecommunications providers (subject to common
           | carrier requirements) under the Telecommunications Act of
           | 1996. Congress could update the law if it wanted to.
           | 
           | If the court had held otherwise, the Federal common carrier
           | requirements would have preempted any common carrier duties
           | imposed by California and New York. Since today the 6th
           | Circuit says the FCC does not have that power (because
           | broadband providers offer _information_ services and not
           | _telecommunications_ services), California and New York are
           | welcome to impose those duties within their state boundaries
           | (as long as they don 't step on any other areas of Federal
           | preemption).
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | > because broadband providers offer information services
             | and not telecommunications services
             | 
             | This is where I highly disagree with the opinions of this
             | court decision. My ISP is absolutely providing me
             | telecommunications services, not information service.
             | 
             | For practically all the "information" I receive, my ISP is
             | not "generating, acquiring, storing, transforming,
             | processing, retrieving, utilizing, or making available
             | information via telecommunications". That maybe sometimes I
             | might land on some webpage hosted by my ISP is
             | inconsequential to the services I am paying for, that's not
             | the service I'm paying for. In the end I'm paying for them
             | to give me the ability to telecommunicate with a server
             | hosted by someone else which then generates, processes,
             | retrives, that information.
             | 
             | My ISP is not the information service which lets me post
             | here. Hacker News is an information service acquiring,
             | storing, transforming, processing, and retrieving the data
             | I request. My ISP is only used for me to talk to the Hacker
             | News webserver.
             | 
             | https://www.congress.gov/104/plaws/publ104/PLAW-104publ104.
             | p...
             | 
             | I truly don't understand how anyone who can even vaguely
             | understand how ISPs work and reads this law could say ISPs
             | aren't telecommunications providers and are instead
             | information service providers. Other than maybe big bags of
             | cash that makes people's reading comprehension a little
             | loose.
        
           | overstay8930 wrote:
           | Which is exactly how it's supposed to work in the first
           | place, individual states are really the only entities that
           | even have the power to enforce any sort of regulation here
           | anyways. Telecom was always handled by states, the feds only
           | stepped in when it was inter-state.
           | 
           | This was going to happen regardless, T-Mobile basically threw
           | throttling in their face and they had no choice but to
           | pretend it was fine, and they'll be doing the same with home
           | internet soon enough (followed by CableCos in non-competitive
           | areas).
        
             | Terr_ wrote:
             | > Which is exactly how it's supposed to work in the first
             | place
             | 
             | True, but that was also when _riding on a horse_ was the
             | fastest way over land and a much much greater proportion of
             | stuff was within state-lines.
             | 
             | In some alternate universe where the telegraph had already
             | been invented, all those states may have entered into some
             | sort of special telegram compact, and our "how it's
             | supposed to work in the first place" would be rather
             | different.
             | 
             | Actually, in _this_ universe something similar did happen:
             | The federal government was explicitly authorized to run a
             | nationwide postal service, which stands out in a
             | Constitution that was otherwise mostly about what it
             | _couldn 't_ do.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | Net neutrality was never about mobile data.
             | 
             | Unlike terrestrial internet, you can't just build more
             | capacity with over the air data transmissions. You have to
             | have more agressive network and QOS management for cellular
             | networks.
             | 
             | Besides that, the true argument for net neutrality was not
             | to unfairly help or hurt businesses. T-mobile 0 rated all
             | of the streaming services that participated in the program
             | and were not asking for money for it. Even though they
             | didn't advertise it, if you dug deep enough, you could find
             | the list including some porn sites.
             | 
             | Someone commented on HN a while back that they were able to
             | get their 50 stream non profit 0 rated.
        
         | datadrivenangel wrote:
         | FTC would make more sense, and now that this is getting
         | devolved to the states I expect we'll see the major telecoms
         | lobbying for regulation so that they don't have the hassle of
         | implementing differing policies by state and the likely painful
         | regulations that they'll get in more progressive states.
        
         | timewizard wrote:
         | > Consider that prior to the internet, they were pretty much
         | created to do the opposite of what people want from net
         | neutrality.
         | 
         | You can scale broadband almost infinitely. You _cannot_ scale
         | phone service or television or radio the same way. There are
         | simple limits on physical space and on carrier allocations that
         | require there to be a licensing body. The FCC is required to be
         | reasonable and non-discriminatory and broadcasters are required
         | to serve their local communities directly. The FCC can only
         | license broadcasters and can place no limits on receivers at
         | all. This is because these airwaves collectively belong to the
         | people.
         | 
         | It was created to serve these purposes. None of these are the
         | "opposite" of net neutrality in any way whatsoever.
        
         | Drunk_Engineer wrote:
         | Mobile broadband uses public airwaves, which is entirely FCC
         | jurisdiction.
        
       | unethical_ban wrote:
       | Short version: They killed it because of "Loper Bright" which
       | killed the Chevron Deference.
       | 
       | In other words: Until recently, US executive agencies were given
       | a lot of leeway in creating regulations that align with their
       | mandate from Congress. This leeway was struck down by the Roberts
       | Supreme Court, insisting that courts can reign in executive
       | agencies and keep them from operating with a broad mandate.
       | 
       | This court doesn't say Net Neutrality is bad or unconstitutional.
       | It says that, under the new precedent set by the Roberts Supreme
       | Court, the FCC does not have the authority it claims to have in
       | regulating ISPs in the same way as a phone company.
       | 
       | If Congress were to pass a law that said the FCC had the
       | authority, or that net neutrality should be instated explicitly,
       | it would happen.
        
         | rqtwteye wrote:
         | Has there been another Supreme Court that has overturned as
         | many precedents than the Roberts court? It looks to me that
         | this court will have a huge impact far into the future.
         | 
         | They are less activist when it comes to ethics rules though.
         | The Clarence Thomas situation is ridiculous.
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | https://constitution.congress.gov/resources/decisions-
           | overru...
           | 
           | Looks like there's been plenty more of that in the civil
           | rights era - look at all the cases in 1960s!
        
       | granzymes wrote:
       | Thanks to _Loper Bright_ , we finally have certainty as to what
       | the Telecommunications Act of 1996 actually means.
       | 
       | By way of background, the Obama administration first classified
       | broadband providers as telecommunications services subject to
       | common-carrier regulation under Title II in 2015. The FCC
       | reversed itself under Trump, and then during the Biden
       | administration changed its mind yet again. The law never changed.
       | 
       | Each time, the courts deferred to the agency's interpretation as
       | "reasonable", despite the fact that the interpretations were
       | completely inconsistent. There is a single right answer: either
       | the law classifies broadband carriers as offering
       | telecommunications services or information services.
       | 
       | Today, for the first time, a court has actually read the law[0]
       | and concluded that broadband carriers offer information services,
       | not telecommunications services. If that's not the policy result
       | Congress wanted, then Congress can change the law instead of
       | letting the President change his mind every 4 years.
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://www.opn.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/25a0002p-06.pd...
        
         | vel0city wrote:
         | Even this court opinion makes the same stupid mistake of
         | misunderstanding what an ISP does in their attempt to further
         | define what an information service is.
         | 
         | > In short, an "information service" manipulates data, while a
         | "telecommunications service" does not.
         | 
         | Hacker News manipulates the data you put into the text box to
         | post that comment into the list of comments it serves to me. My
         | ISP _absolutely did not in any way_ manipulate _a single bit_
         | of that data Hacker News sent as a reply to me when I requested
         | _to Hacker News, not my ISP_ for that comment data.
         | 
         | So even with this opinion's simplified standard of what an
         | information service is, ISPs absolutely fail to meet this
         | standard.
         | 
         | Its astounding to me people can actually think an ISP is an
         | "information service" under the 1996 definition.
         | 
         | And before you suggest "well the ISP probably did some other
         | weird stuff inside their networks to actually transit those
         | packets to you", the 1996 definition carves out that just doing
         | the things needed to be a telecommunications provider does not
         | make you an information service provider.
         | 
         | > but does not include any use of any such capability for the
         | management, control, or operation of a telecommunications
         | system or the management of a telecommunications service.
         | 
         | https://www.congress.gov/104/plaws/publ104/PLAW-104publ104.p...
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | For what it's worth, you're making a common parlance argument
           | against statutory interpretation. Every word in the statute
           | counts, and here it appears to have turned on the definition
           | of an information service as something that _offers a
           | capability_ , whether or not its core function involves using
           | that capability, as well as usage of the term "information
           | service" elsewhere in federal law that clearly included ISPs.
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | > you're making a common parlance argument against
             | statutory interpretation
             | 
             | No, I included the actual text of the law of what an
             | information service provider is in another comment and I'm
             | using the test this opinion came up with. I'm not making up
             | my own definition.
             | 
             | Please tell me how my ISP does this, as this is what an
             | "information service" is under the '96 law.
             | 
             | "generating, acquiring, storing, transforming, processing,
             | retrieving, utilizing, or making available information via
             | telecommunications"
             | 
             | They don't generate it, they don't really acquire it (they
             | don't know what my query is, its encrypted), they don't
             | store it, they don't transform it (it's encrypted), they
             | don't process it (it's encrypted), they don't actually
             | retrieve it (it's not on their servers or their drives or
             | whatever), they don't utilize it (it's encrypted), and
             | they're not the one making it available or not. _What part
             | of what an ISP does involve any of that?!_
             | 
             |  _Please_ tell me how my ISP is manipulating the data we
             | 're posting and accessing through this comment section.
             | _Please_ tell me how that becomes an information service.
             | 
             | > as well as usage of the term "information service"
             | elsewhere in federal law that clearly included ISPs
             | 
             | It doesn't unless you're severely corrupt, incompetent, or
             | unable to read English at least from the few times I read
             | the '96 act.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Starting on page 12 of the decision you're citing, and in
               | very tedious detail, the appeals court rebuts you.
               | 
               | I'm not even saying you're wrong, I'm saying that the
               | plain English meanings of sentences do not always control
               | in statutory analysis. I just helped take a case to the
               | Illinois Supreme Court, and lost there, over a similar
               | issue. My definition is better! But I respect the legal
               | process that produced a conflicting, controlling
               | definition.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | Its still stupid and corrupt argument that in no way
               | refutes my point. The ISP doesn't offer the capability to
               | watch Netflix. If Netflix decided to shut down tomorrow
               | the ISP has no say in it. If Hacker News banned me the
               | ISP has no part of it. The ISP doesn't control it; they
               | don't offer anything but the ability for me to "call" the
               | HN server and ask for the content.
               | 
               | If ISPs are considered "offering the capability", then
               | old phone systems were also not telecommunications
               | providers because they offered the capability to call
               | Moviefone or time and weather providers or modems or
               | whatever, and then absolutely nobody is a
               | telecommunications provider. It's a stupid, ignorant, and
               | illogical opinion to have.
        
       | tantalor wrote:
       | Maybe I'm remembering wrong, but when Chevron deference was
       | overturned, didn't the court explicitly state that it only
       | applies to future orders?
       | 
       | i.e., prior orders relying on Chevron would be grandfathered.
       | 
       | But here the rule was created April 2024, prior to Chevron
       | decision in June 2024.
        
         | granzymes wrote:
         | The Supreme Court said in _Loper Bright_ that previous cases
         | decided under _Chevron_ are still good law. But this lawsuit
         | challenged a brand new FCC order that had not been previously
         | litigated.
        
           | tantalor wrote:
           | Okay, but that's so weird!
           | 
           | The court is saying, if we had litigated this (and most
           | likely upheld it, because Chevron) then it could stand now,
           | even after _Loper Bright_. But if we never looked at it
           | before, then we get to use the new rule.
           | 
           | That doesn't make a lot of sense.
           | 
           | Like, the counterfactual is they litigated and upheld the
           | order, so it's safe. But because it was never challenged
           | before, it can be challenged now. Only orders that were
           | challenged are safe.
           | 
           | It would make more sense to do it the way I thought:
           | everything, even if it wasn't challenged, that _would have_
           | relied on Chevron still can rely on Chevron. That gives  "the
           | benefit of the doubt" to the agency that passed the
           | regulation in the Chevron era.
           | 
           | In the new scheme, the regulators have to comb through all
           | their orders going back decades, figure out which ones were
           | never litigated, and figure out how to defend it without
           | Chevron.
        
             | granzymes wrote:
             | You're coming at this from the perspective of "it's weird
             | to change the rules after the fact" which is reasonable but
             | not how stare decisis works. The principle is that once
             | something is decided once, it should be decided the same
             | for all other parties litigating the issue unless and until
             | the precedent is overturned. If something hasn't yet been
             | litigated, it is still an open question.
             | 
             | It would be weird if, for example, the Supreme Court said
             | that gay marriage is constitutionally protected but all the
             | existing laws banning it could stand because they were
             | enacted earlier.
        
               | gpm wrote:
               | It would be equally weird if the Supreme Court said that
               | gay marriage is constitutionally protected, but states
               | that have previously successfully litigated challenges
               | against their laws can keep forbidding it..
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | On the contrary, I'd expect the Supreme Court to say
               | exactly something like that when it suits them. The
               | Supreme Court throughout history has invented as many
               | hoops as they needed and then jumped through them in
               | order to appeal to political winds and public opinion.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Everything can be litigated again. However eventually the
             | courts have to slow that down. The courts decision is
             | saying that Congress may not have done their job because
             | the agency ruling was what they would have done anyway and
             | so the courts don't want to overturn everything right away.
             | I'm sure most of the previous decisions will be litigated
             | (if congress doesn't change the law first), but they don't
             | want thousands of cases to come before congress has a
             | chance to make law what they should have done. If you
             | challenge the rules now you have to convince the courts
             | that congress wouldn't have passed that rule as law, which
             | is harder (but not impossible).
             | 
             | OTOH, I think/hope the courts are sending a message to
             | congress that they need to work out more details in the
             | laws.
        
             | timewizard wrote:
             | > figure out which ones were never litigated, and figure
             | out how to defend it without Chevron.
             | 
             | I'm fairly certain the regulated entities will take this
             | upon themselves and will create the lawsuits that provide
             | the opportunity for the administrative agency to defend
             | their position.
             | 
             | If they're that concerned, then they should get with
             | Congress, and get a new law passed. This is precisely what
             | Chevron was meant to create. Administrative agencies simply
             | cannot unilaterally create and enforce law anymore.
        
               | tantalor wrote:
               | Oh, okay so the solution is as easy as "congress has to
               | do a thing". Meaning it will never happen.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Then, maybe it shouldn't?
        
       | jauntywundrkind wrote:
       | It's hard to see such a clear obvious case & come out so
       | preposterously incredibly fantastically wrong.
       | 
       | > _The question is whether, in so doing, they are merely a
       | conduit for data transmission (a so-called "dumb pipe") and thus
       | offer consumers a telecommunications service (as the Safeguarding
       | Order concludes); or whether, instead, Broadband Internet Service
       | Providers offer consumers the capability to acquire, store, and
       | utilize data-and thus offer consumers an information service. In
       | our view, the latter is the best reading of the Act._
       | 
       | This doesn't match probably 9x 9's of internet traffic! This is
       | almost _never_ the case!
       | 
       | What do we do when government is so blankety inept? How do we
       | reconcile a court that's allowed decide things with no respect to
       | obvious facts? Why are there so few ways of dealing with these
       | people in any serious capacity, getting them out of here?
        
       | troyvit wrote:
       | Every day I thank the old gods (and Longmont, CO) for my
       | municipal gigabit.[1]
       | 
       | [1] https://mynextlight.com/terms-conditions/
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | Note that your municipal fiber network partners with Qwilt to
         | preferentially accelerate commercial streaming platforms like
         | Netflix.
        
       | bingjames wrote:
       | >"[U]nlike past challenges that the D.C. Circuit considered under
       | Chevron, we no longer afford deference to the FCC's reading of
       | the statute. Loper Bright Enters. v. Raimondo, 144 S. Ct. 2244,
       | 2266 (2024) (overruling Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Nat. Res. Def.
       | Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984) ) ... Using 'the traditional
       | tools of statutory construction,' id., we hold that Broadband
       | Internet Service Providers offer only an 'information service'
       | under 47 U.S.C. SS 153(24), and therefore, the FCC lacks the
       | statutory authority to impose its desired net-neutrality policies
       | through the 'telecommunications service'' provision of the
       | Communications Act, id. SS 153(51).
       | 
       | >47 U.S.C. SS 153(24) information service The term "information
       | service" means the offering of a capability for generating,
       | acquiring, storing, transforming, processing, retrieving,
       | utilizing, or making available information via
       | telecommunications, and includes electronic publishing, but does
       | not include any use of any such capability for the management,
       | control, or operation of a telecommunications system or the
       | management of a telecommunications service.
       | 
       | >telecommunications 47 USC SS 153(50) The term
       | "telecommunications" means the transmission, between or among
       | points specified by the user, of information of the user's
       | choosing, without change in the form or content of the
       | information as sent and received.
       | 
       | What in the absolute hell are these definitions. These sound like
       | they were made by the world's first LLM.
        
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