[HN Gopher] The Peter Principle still resonates
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       The Peter Principle still resonates
        
       Author : empressplay
       Score  : 61 points
       Date   : 2025-01-02 15:23 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cbc.ca)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cbc.ca)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _Peter principle_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39844104 - March 2024 (180
       | comments)
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       |  _Peter Principle_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33855815 - Dec 2022 (5
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       |  _The Peter Principle (1974) [video]_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32627396 - Aug 2022 (39
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle: Are you at your level of incompetence?
       | (1974) [video]_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32243969 -
       | July 2022 (1 comment)
       | 
       |  _Employees are promoted based on their success until they are no
       | longer competent_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31561825
       | - May 2022 (1 comment)
       | 
       |  _Ask HN: Operational Peter Principle?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30436105 - Feb 2022 (4
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24433059 - Sept 2020 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle Tested_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19797375 - May 2019 (47
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle is a joke taken seriously. Is it true?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17845289 - Aug 2018 (108
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle Revisited: A Computational Study (2009)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17301215 - June 2018 (50
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle Isn 't Just Real, It's Costly_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16972249 - May 2018 (48
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle Revisited: A Computational Study [pdf]_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2270053 - Feb 2011 (2
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle: Why Most Managers Suck_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1488442 - July 2010 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle Revisited: A Computational Study_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1121507 - Feb 2010 (1
       | comment)
        
         | nuancebydefault wrote:
         | Dang's deja vu feeling was triggered correctly! No Peter in
         | sight!
        
           | supportengineer wrote:
           | Let's give dang a promotion!
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | I've made my peace with The Peter Principle. People can surprise
       | you and can "rise to the occasion" -- or in the case of
       | employment, rise to the difficulties of the tasks or jobs you
       | give them.
       | 
       | Not everyone can, but to deny someone that opportunity is perhaps
       | ... cruel?
       | 
       | So we err on over-promotion -- realizing our mistake only when it
       | is too late. And I'm fine with that.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | So you are OK with incompetent people occupying positions they
         | should not have?
        
           | frank_nitti wrote:
           | If we had a crystal ball to know beforehand, then of course
           | not.
           | 
           | How can we know if someone will be incompetent in a role they
           | have never been given the opportunity?
           | 
           | If an excellent contributor/leader wants to take on more
           | responsibility, or are forced to because it's the only way to
           | get a nontrivial salary increase, it seems like that decision
           | leaves middle management with the ultimatum: promote or lose
           | the excellent team member.
           | 
           | I'm not the commenter you replied to, just my take. In some
           | tech orgs they are barely starting to expand from Sr Engineer
           | for ICs, many of previous cohorts were forced into management
           | or hit a dead-end on comp
        
           | wizardforhire wrote:
           | I am. Because by this logic no one save for a select few
           | should ever be employed.
           | 
           | Personally I'd rather live in a world where people are doing
           | the best they can and given room to fail then a rigid
           | bureaucratic hegemony of ultra efficiency.
        
             | wbl wrote:
             | You don't need to be the best to be worth it. The ok ER doc
             | still saves lives.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | I'm presuming that "promoted to their level of incompetency"
           | is phrased that way because it is humorous -- but puts too
           | fine a point on the _incompetent_ part.
        
           | stronglikedan wrote:
           | a lot of people are perfectly fine with it nowadays in the
           | name of "equity", unfortunately
        
         | OskarS wrote:
         | Yeah, me too. Nobody is born being a great manager. The only
         | way to learn is to actually become a manager and actually do
         | the job.
         | 
         | And you can tell if someone has potential. Like, a good manager
         | needs to be a good communicator, well-organized and a good
         | leader. These are skills you can notice if a person has before
         | promoting them. Similarly going further up the hierarchy.
        
       | cortesoft wrote:
       | My issue with the Peter Principle is the idea that each 'level'
       | requires more competence... I think the issue is that the levels
       | actually require completely different skills.
       | 
       | For example, being a good developer doesn't mean you will be a
       | good dev manager, but the reverse is also true... being a good
       | dev manager doesn't mean you would be a good developer.
       | 
       | If you only promote good devs into the role of dev manager, you
       | aren't getting the all the best dev managers.
        
         | Epa095 wrote:
         | I dont tvink your insight, that there are completely different
         | skills at different levels, are at odds with the Peter
         | principle at all.
         | 
         | The intro in the Wikipedia article even states:
         | 
         | > "employees are promoted based on their success in previous
         | jobs until they reach a level at which they are no longer
         | competent, _as skills in one job do not necessarily translate
         | to another_. "
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | > If you only promote good devs into the role of dev manager,
         | you aren't getting the all the best dev managers.
         | 
         | You are literally describing the Peter Principle
        
         | BobaFloutist wrote:
         | And you're wasting all your best talent on management, because
         | far too many orgs have a compensation ceiling on talent that
         | can only be surpassed by moving into management.
        
       | debo_ wrote:
       | My favorite part of this article:
       | 
       | > A 2009 study by Italian researchers offered a more radical
       | approach to the Peter Principle problem. It found that companies
       | may be better served by leaving things to chance and promoting
       | people "at random."
       | 
       | The study they linked:
       | https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S02195259185...
        
         | MoreMoore wrote:
         | Honestly, I wouldn't be surprised if it worked. I also wouldn't
         | be surprised if it led to better outcomes if that's how we
         | chose political representatives. The way we do it now just
         | seems to select for the most corrupt, greedy and manipulative,
         | who are constantly pushing the boundaries of what they can get
         | away with personally and professionally.
        
           | BitwiseFool wrote:
           | This process is known as Sortition.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sortition
        
             | jll29 wrote:
             | Goodness you read my mind. (Or rather, I should have read
             | on first before commenting!)
        
         | cperciva wrote:
         | Japan, with its rigid schedule for promotions, effectively does
         | this. Westerners often laugh at Japanese companies privileging
         | seniority over demonstrated ability, but maybe they're on to
         | something.
        
           | hollowsunsets wrote:
           | Measuring ability is a lot more tricky and has more to do at
           | times with your ability to manipulate optics. I'd understand
           | it as more reliable and a gradual way to increase scope and
           | responsibility. You'd only want to go faster if you want to
           | chase money and promotions at a pace that is faster than
           | normal, which may not be realistic in this market (or in
           | normal market conditions generally).
        
             | insane_dreamer wrote:
             | > Measuring ability is a lot more tricky and has more to do
             | ~~at times~~ with your ability to manipulate optics.
             | 
             | fixed it
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | Another way would be to narrow down to the top 2 candidates
           | and then decide by a literal coin toss if they are equally
           | worthy of the position.
        
           | wrp wrote:
           | Another relevant aspect of Japanese management is the
           | enforcement of consensus decision-making, which blunts the
           | influence of the highly competent and incompetent.
        
           | gedy wrote:
           | > Westerners often laugh at Japanese companies privileging
           | seniority over demonstrated ability
           | 
           | Unions in west have traditionally been built around seniority
           | as well.
        
             | cperciva wrote:
             | Yes, but union seniority is about getting paid more to do
             | the same (or less) work; not about being promoted into
             | different jobs.
        
         | jll29 wrote:
         | I recently suggested a similar approach to politics, in order
         | to address the problem that the people who WANT to be leaders
         | are often the most unsuitable (power-hungry corrupt
         | sociopaths).
         | 
         | By electring a random person, the probability of this happening
         | is minimized.
         | 
         | As a co-worker pointed out, the ancient Greeks had something
         | like thats in place: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sortition
        
       | ghjfrdghibt wrote:
       | I think this principle likely does not include the public sector
       | which like to promote to incompetence, and beyond; buzz lightyear
       | style.
        
       | TheGRS wrote:
       | There's a sort of horror to this concept: you realize that
       | everyone, including yourself, is doomed to incompetence. That
       | every successful business you know of is run at a profit in spite
       | of incompetence. Even more horrifying: Most experiences I've had
       | in my professional career validates this premise. I can think of
       | many projects I was a part of that seemed misguided at best, yet
       | the company continued to succeed by momentum and great decisions
       | that were made in the past (and sometimes decisions that were not
       | even very consciously done).
       | 
       | When the stars align and things are successful, its time to
       | celebrate, but maybe don't assume it'll always happen that way.
       | Why this concept is also comforting is that you can kind of relax
       | a bit on some level. I mean do your job of course and make sure
       | things are running, but maybe this new initiative from the CEO
       | isn't quite as important to the success of your company as they
       | may make you believe.
        
         | cpitman wrote:
         | This is great. I think there is a tendency to apply the Peter
         | Principle to others (ie the boss), but it applies just as well
         | to ourselves. How long until we are all promoted into
         | incompetence, and how sure are we that it hasn't already
         | happened?
        
           | steve_adams_86 wrote:
           | The litmus I use to determine if I've been promoted to
           | incompetence is whether my presence improves situations or
           | not. There have been cases where I joined projects and didn't
           | improve things or -- unfortunately -- made things worse.
           | 
           | All you can do is address the problem openly, find strategies
           | to improve the situation, and try to find ways to remedy it.
           | 
           | If you can't, well, you've got to regress a bit and restore a
           | role you're competent in. I think a common strategy is to try
           | and shift blame or manipulate situations so it isn't
           | obviously your incompetence that caused the problem. Many
           | people might even do this without realizing it. I certainly
           | did earlier in my career, but I never intended to lie or
           | trick people. It was mostly the conflation of insecurities
           | and imposter syndrome, along with my inability to ascertain
           | my actual skill level. In self-defence I'd try to protect
           | myself from the reality that I was doing a bad job.
           | 
           | The only way to get promoted without eventually reaching
           | incompetence is to rinse and repeat that process, as far as I
           | can tell.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | I was once in a position that I was sure was above my
             | competency. It was certainly above anything I had ever done
             | before in terms of responsibility. It ended up working out
             | well, I think because I _knew_ I didn 't know what I was
             | doing so I asked for a lot of input from others and tried
             | to do what seemed the most sensible after considering that.
             | 
             | The funny thing is, it was for a volunteer organization,
             | not a paid job. I would not do it again, because (for me at
             | least) it ended up being way more work than I thought it
             | would be. But it was a valuable experience.
        
         | strict9 wrote:
         | > _you realize that everyone, including yourself, is doomed to
         | incompetence_
         | 
         | Appreciate the perspective of applying this to one's self
         | instead of only others.
         | 
         | I've often wondered if I can escape this or delay it by
         | refusing management positions or other promotions beyond an IC
         | role. Continue gaining efficiency and knowledge and striving to
         | excel in a lower position I'm competent for.
         | 
         | Maybe the best hope is just delaying it. And even then you're
         | probably just limiting yourself in other ways, which can lead
         | to resentment.
        
           | ido wrote:
           | You might potentially be a great manager and you'd never know
           | it until you tried!
        
           | cpitman wrote:
           | FWIW, this doesn't only happen with promotions to
           | "management". Senior IC roles often come with new
           | responsibilities, like influencing influencing technical
           | direction, often without any "hard" power to do so. I've seen
           | plenty of people struggle with the change in scope of their
           | job. Some rise to it.
           | 
           | Or you could do what I did. Quit your job, found a startup,
           | and be definitely incompetent at most of what you need to do.
        
         | Feathercrown wrote:
         | Isn't the Peter Principle only true if you consider skillsets
         | to be static? If you learn and grow into new roles, it can be
         | avoided or mitigated.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | i tell my kids, "get good at learning and you don't have to
           | get good at any anything else".
        
           | TheGRS wrote:
           | I'd agree personally. My secret is that I've always
           | considered myself incompetent, but I also have a growth
           | mindset to improve, and so far its worked out for me. But I
           | do meet people often who have a static mindset even in very
           | skilled fields. Some air of "I did all my learning already,
           | now its time to work, I deserve this position because I
           | already did all that learning."
        
         | eikenberry wrote:
         | You are only doomed if you decide to play the promotion game.
         | That isn't required.
        
         | timewizard wrote:
         | > everyone, including yourself, is doomed to incompetence.
         | 
         | Welcome to the human condition. You are imperfect and will
         | always lack perfect information.
         | 
         | > That every successful business you know of is run at a profit
         | in spite of incompetence
         | 
         | That's just called "compromise." Those who are good at it are
         | generally recognized as "good businessmen." Not because of
         | their extreme competence but because of their willingness to
         | accept these facts and remain positive and agile in the face of
         | them.
         | 
         | > yet the company continued to succeed by momentum and great
         | decisions that were made in the past
         | 
         | Well, precisely, skillful compromise can move mountains that
         | otherwise would seem impossible.
         | 
         | > When the stars align and things are successful, its time to
         | celebrate, but maybe don't assume it'll always happen that way.
         | 
         | It won't. And if it does it's likely due to your competition
         | being absent or tardy, so, even if you do enjoy this once or
         | twice in your career, it's certainly not going to last.
         | 
         | > but maybe this new initiative from the CEO isn't quite as
         | important to the success of your company as they may make you
         | believe.
         | 
         | Yea but they're going to pay you the same for the work anyways.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | I used to tell people who asked how work was going that "I'm
         | rising to my level of incompetence" (i.e. meaning I was still
         | doing competent work). Most people got the joke but it got me
         | the occasional odd look.
        
       | peterldowns wrote:
       | Unreal that we, as a society, allow this Anti-Peter bias to
       | persist. It's 2025 -- time to stamp out hate for good.
       | 
       | Instead of referencing the "Peter Principle", consider saying:
       | 
       | - I fucking hate my boss
       | 
       | - My boss is incompetent
       | 
       | - My boss can't do anything right
       | 
       | - My boss should be fired for incompetence
       | 
       | No need to bring "Peter" into it at all.
        
         | howard941 wrote:
         | username checks out
        
         | pixelmonkey wrote:
         | Reminds me of:
         | 
         | "Why should I change my name? He's the one who sucks."
         | 
         | -Michael Bolton in 'Office Space'
         | 
         | Also funny since the main character in Office Space is named
         | "Peter." I now wonder if this character name is, itself, a
         | reference to the Peter Principle. I wouldn't be surprised given
         | that it was written by Mike Judge (same creator as HBO/Max
         | 'Silicon Valley' years later).
        
       | emceestork wrote:
       | The Peter Principle is an idea manufactured to suppress wages.
       | The idea the you have to work at a level above your current level
       | for a while until you are promoted only benefits employers.
       | 
       | I have only spent approximately 30 seconds thinking about this
       | idea.
        
         | radley wrote:
         | > The Peter Principle is an idea manufactured to suppress
         | wages.
         | 
         | It's a satirical theory, not an applied practice.
        
           | dallasg3 wrote:
           | It also presupposes the necessity of hierarchy.
        
             | moron4hire wrote:
             | [delayed]
        
         | jbgt wrote:
         | Please spend another 30s. It can an interesting bit of
         | philosophy about competence and ambition - and humility.
        
       | indigoabstract wrote:
       | Perhaps "incompetent" isn't the best word for this?
       | 
       | People tend to get "promoted" when they outgrow their current
       | role and need more challenges.
       | 
       | But eventually all will reach a point where they stop growing or
       | grow content or complacent and the promotions will also come to a
       | halt.
       | 
       | It doesn't necessary mean they are "incompetent" though. Just
       | stopped growing bigger than their current role.
        
         | matwood wrote:
         | Also, I don't view the Peter Principle as necessarily bad. How
         | do I know my peak level without going beyond it? And, without
         | going beyond, how do I continue to grow? Will I eventually
         | reach some level that I can't go beyond no matter how much
         | effort I put in? I'm sure I will, but I haven't yet so keep
         | going.
        
       | musha68k wrote:
       | I, for one, will welcome our new AGI CEOs
        
       | DoctorOetker wrote:
       | Omitted from these explanations is that promotions convey 2
       | things: increased salary and a higher position.
       | 
       | A good performer can be rewarded without giving a higher
       | position, simply by increasing their wages.
       | 
       | The catch is of course that regularly an employee may earn more
       | than his/her superior....
       | 
       | Perhaps relaxing the last requirement is too much to stomach?
        
       | baazaa wrote:
       | It doesn't with me, because it only made sense back when firms
       | hired lots of young people and promoted the most competent. This
       | isn't how most firms work nowadays.
       | 
       | I've never even worked at a place that _does_ promotions. Sure if
       | your boss leaves you can apply for their job but it 'll be
       | offered to externals as well and then you'll be compared to them
       | _as an external applicant_ , i.e. with resume + interview. Job
       | performance doesn't matter, HR makes no effort to even measure
       | performance beyond PIPing people who don't show up.
       | 
       | Weirdly when I mention this to colleagues, who know for a fact
       | that's how things work here, they're surprised because they never
       | noticed. Like everyone has a mental model of 'good workers get
       | promoted' which is seemingly impervious to direct experience.
        
         | supportengineer wrote:
         | This matches my experience. I've been working 30 years, I've
         | very rarely ever seen anyone get promoted. Also, I have never
         | been promoted. But, 99% of this wasn't in FAANG companies.
         | There is a "Promo culture" now that didn't exist before.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | > Sure if your boss leaves you can apply for their job
         | 
         | I've never considered a move to management to be a promotion.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | For the converse, work at someplace like a university. Open
         | positions are advertised (because legally they have to be) but
         | the vast majority are given to insiders. Qualifications are
         | almost entirely who you know and who they know. I would guess
         | many government organizations are similar.
        
       | jampa wrote:
       | I hate this principle. It bases itself on an appeal to nature. It
       | is as if people are born with a hidden upper level of competence
       | that they can never "rise above" while others were born "blessed
       | to be CEO."
       | 
       | The worst part is that people frame it as an argument to avoid
       | promoting. The truth is that people only reach their "level of
       | incompetence" due to arrogance or just by giving up on putting in
       | effort. I have never seen someone humble and curious
       | underperforming for long.
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | I don't take that meaning from it. To me the message is just
         | that in many cases, up is a stupid direction to go. The
         | hierarchies we use to organize the world are a blindness to be
         | overcome, not a set of goals to be pursued.
        
       | numpy-thagoras wrote:
       | It's actually embarrassing to Vancouver's organizational culture
       | that this is where the Peter Principle was identified using case
       | examples. In many ways, that prevailing set of attitudes that
       | were identified as deeply problematic and inefficient have
       | exploded into a city-wide culture problem. There are so many
       | firms that just muddle along, it's a miracle they do as well as
       | they do.
       | 
       | The upside is that small and efficient firms, grounded in
       | meritocracy, can do a decent job competing with these companies
       | (provided they can get any ins with vendors, clients, etc.)
        
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