[HN Gopher] After a 24-second test of its engines, the New Glenn...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       After a 24-second test of its engines, the New Glenn rocket is
       ready to fly
        
       Author : fenced_load
       Score  : 93 points
       Date   : 2024-12-28 20:46 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | teractiveodular wrote:
       | We're at 12 years of design and 5 years behind the originally
       | announced first launch of 2020 now. Space is hard, rocketry is
       | harder and I wish them luck, but Blue Origin has an awfully long
       | way to go if they want to catch up to SpaceX: this was meant to
       | be the Falcon 9 killer, but odds are Starship will be fully
       | operational before New Glenn completes testing.
        
         | ternnoburn wrote:
         | Starship will serve a different mission profile. People seem
         | convinced Starship will just "solve" space, but _if_ it works,
         | there 's still going to be demand for other mission profiles
         | that it won't make sense to send on Starship.
         | 
         | But if your point wasn't to say that it will be obsoleted by
         | Starship, and just to say instead it's slower development than
         | Starship, yeah, that's true.
         | 
         | I suspect the head start in infrastructure spacex has is pretty
         | valuable in developing new programs.
         | 
         | Space is hard. I hope Blue Origin succeeds.
        
           | zizee wrote:
           | Which mission profiles does Starship not make sense for?
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | 10t to LEO in an unusual orbit.
             | 
             | Being smaller than Starship while still huge isn't
             | necessarily a disadvantage.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Starship should be able to put 10t into LEO significantly
               | cheaper than New Glenn can. Why would anybody pay more?
        
               | OhMeadhbh wrote:
               | I believe this is factually inaccurate. What's your
               | source? Though admittedly, we have to depend on BO's
               | predictions for per-kg launch costs, and those may be a
               | lot higher for the first few missions and gradually ease
               | off.
               | 
               | Google's AI tells me the current costs for a Starship
               | launch is somewhere between $100m and $2b. Wikipedia says
               | a Falcon 9 costs about $50m and can lift about 20t to
               | LEO. I see a blurb that says Musk says Starship launches
               | will get down to $10m each. But... that seems like an
               | "asperational statement." He also said Full Self Driving
               | Mode would be available in 2018, 2019, 2022 and 2025. Not
               | trying to take away from the absolutely cool stuff his
               | companies have done, but it seems like it will be a while
               | before it costs $10m to launch a Starship.
               | 
               | This link from 2 years ago estimates a New Glenn launch
               | costing $68m. I have no idea how accurate that number is.
               | But if we're going to use Musk's "asperational" cost
               | estimate for Starship launches in the distant future, we
               | should let BO use an "asperational" figure as well.
               | 
               | https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2022/04/05/amazon-signs-rocket-
               | deal...
        
               | OhMeadhbh wrote:
               | Dudes. You don't have to down-vote me 'cause I'm just
               | asking for where you got your numbers. I'm not saying
               | you're a horrible person and that SpaceX sucks. I'm
               | saying I have numbers that don't match yours. Let's
               | compare numbers / sources and see what the most likely
               | values would be near-term and long-term.
        
               | zizee wrote:
               | Ok, so your argument for Starship not being the best
               | choice for all mission profiles is based solely on cost.
               | If Starship was cheaper, then you'd agree that it serves
               | the mission profiles?
               | 
               | An estimate of 2 billion per launch is laughable, and
               | suggests you are not arguing in good faith. 100m is more
               | accurate for a fully disposable launch, and SpaceX has
               | demonstrated great progress on reusability of the
               | booster, which will cut costs considerably.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | 2 billion at the high end isn't actually unreasonable
               | when compared to falcon 9's costs which are sitting
               | around 100m/launch right now largely due to inflation.
               | 
               | There's a have a fairly linear relationship between
               | rocket payload and size, and for large structures going
               | big tends to _increase_ cost per pound so ~10x the size
               | resulting in ~20x the cost is just mildly pessimistic.
               | 
               | If and only if they the thing is both rapidly reusable
               | _and_ individual starships are actually used for hundreds
               | of launches do those highly optimistic numbers become
               | vaguely possible. Even just a 0.2% failure rate would
               | represent a massive increase over their optimistic
               | estimates.
        
               | zizee wrote:
               | 2 billion is ridiculous, and I can only imagine that
               | number was a misunderstanding SpaceX/Musk saying that
               | they were spending 2 billion in a full year of R&D on
               | Starship.
               | 
               | https://spacenews.com/spacex-investment-in-starship-
               | approach...
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | That doesn't justify why it's ridiculous, it's just a
               | coincidence.
               | 
               | I doubt SpaceX's internal costs are ~100m/falcon 9
               | launch, but companies need a markup to be profitable.
               | 100m - 2B is a huge range covering everything from giving
               | up on reusability and paying back R&D over a small number
               | of flights to significant success resulting in a 90%
               | reduction in costs per kg to LEO.
               | 
               | Also, having spent 5B on R&D and doing 5 test flights up
               | to this point works out to 1 billion per flight. That's
               | not the actual marginal cost per flight, but when people
               | say how expensive each shuttle flight was that's the
               | number they use. Nothing guarantees they continue to do
               | Starship launches, they could fail it's among the
               | potential outcomes.
        
               | zizee wrote:
               | It's ridiculous because the much ridiculed SLS has a
               | launch cost of 2 billion dollars. If you think SpaceX is
               | throwing billions of dollars into developing a vehicle
               | that costs thisuch to launch, you clearly haven't been
               | following SpaceX at all.
               | 
               | You know there is going to be more that 5 flights, and
               | you know people in this thread are not amortizing total
               | R&D into flight costs. People are talking about 68
               | million per flight for New Glenn, which no doubt has has
               | many hundreds of millions on R&D spend, and hasn't flown
               | one time.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > You know there is going to be more than 5 flights
               | 
               | No, I don't actually know the future. I can make
               | predictions, but we could have a thermonuclear war
               | tomorrow etc.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | > when compared to falcon 9's costs which are sitting
               | around 100m/launch right now largely due to inflation.
               | 
               | SpaceX's financial situation argues very differently.
               | They have raised relatively little money for a company
               | that is spending multiple billions on two very expensive
               | development programs (Starship and Starlink).
               | 
               | If Falcon cost $100M per launch the 134 launches this
               | year would have bankrupted the company. The $1.7B they
               | raised in spring 2022 was their last major capital
               | injection, and have been self funded since.
               | 
               | If Falcon cost substantially more than $20M to launch
               | SpaceX would need to be getting external money from
               | somewhere. They aren't. Their revenue is well understood
               | and is around $10B per year, and salary costs fot 13,000
               | people are going to consume most of that. What NASA and
               | the Space Force pay is public knowledge, what they charge
               | for a private launch is known, and the number of Starlink
               | subscribers has been revealed.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | SpaceX has several million Starlink customers providing
               | around 6.6 Billion dollars of revenue in 2024. It not
               | clear if it's profitable yet, but it's been stated to
               | kick off 100's of millions in positive cash flow.
               | 
               | As to the salaries of its employees, that's a major
               | component of launch costs. You can't point to it and say
               | launch costs must be cheap because they are paying all
               | these people when a large fraction of them are directly
               | or indirectly working on launches.
               | 
               | They are spending ~2 billion per year on Spaceship, but
               | what they charge per launch varies widely. 5 crewed
               | falcon 9 flight cost the government ~260 million each,
               | and the 2 ISS missions where 145 million each.
               | https://payloadspace.com/predicting-spacexs-2024-revenue/
        
               | OhMeadhbh wrote:
               | Yes. An estimate for 2 billion is laughable. I did not
               | say the cost _WAS_ $2 billion, I said the Google AI gave
               | me a range from $100M to $2B. Maybe the total cost of the
               | program for the 1st launch was 2 billion? But you 're
               | going to amortize that cost over (hopefully) several
               | launches.
               | 
               | I think you misunderstand my argument. Let me restate it.
               | 
               | Someone, sometime said the Starship launch was $2b. The
               | Google AI picked that up and included it in its answer.
               | Someone, sometime said it was around $100m. The Google AI
               | picked that up and included it in its answer. There is a
               | lot of range between 100m and 2b, which implies there's a
               | lot of data getting thrown around and we don't have good
               | numbers.
               | 
               | If observing that we don't have good numbers is arguing
               | in bad faith... I don't know what to tell you.
               | 
               | Musk at some point said $10m for a Starship launch. I
               | think I found a reference for that in a CNBC interview...
               | I'll look it up later. But my point is... It is unlikely
               | that Starship launches are $10m RIGHT NOW. But sure...
               | maybe they will be in the future. I take Elon with a
               | grain of salt because of his comments regarding Full
               | Self-Driving Mode and Robo-Taxi deployment dates.
               | 
               | I said we should not compare New Glenn estimated launch
               | costs RIGHT NOW with Elon's asperational price target of
               | $10m. We should compare Starship's cost per kg to LEO
               | RIGHT NOW with New Glenn's estimated cost per kg to LEO
               | RIGHT NOW. Or we could compare them at a particular point
               | in the project history. We could compare per-kg costs at
               | first launch or estimated per-kg costs at the 10th
               | launch.
               | 
               | Both companies are saying they want to do a lot of
               | launches, so we'll eventually have MUCH better data.
               | 
               | I'm suggesting we compare apples to apples and oranges to
               | oranges and not apples to oranges.
               | 
               | At the current moment, all Starship launches have been
               | fully disposable (though yes, one booster was caught by
               | the chopsticks so it's probably more accurate to say the
               | whole system is about 1/12th re-usable.) At this point in
               | the program, you have to pay for each vehicle that lands
               | or crashes in the water. I agree with you when you say
               | "100m is more accurate for a fully disposable launch."
               | Starship is currently more disposable than it is
               | reusable.
               | 
               | When SpaceX re-uses the boosters and the Starships, then
               | it will not be fully disposable and the price per launch
               | will go down. We are not at that point at the moment. You
               | can tell this because a number of boosters and starships
               | have fallen into the ocean, some crashing, some coming to
               | a controlled stop just over the ocean and then falling
               | over.
               | 
               | But the important part here is that the equipment that
               | wasn't caught by the chopsticks doesn't get to be re-
               | used. So if you want to do another launch, you have to
               | build new equipment. That new equipment will cost money.
               | 
               | So if the current, mostly non-reusable Starship launches
               | cost $100m a pop, that's after several launches. Even
               | though we have someone estimating the first couple of New
               | Glenn launches cost $68m, let's wait until it has 6
               | launches and THEN compare costs.
        
               | ternnoburn wrote:
               | 100m is vaporware pricing. It's the $30k Tesla that
               | drives itself. Or any of the numbers on the hyperloop.
               | It's a made up number for the press.
               | 
               | I'm begging the internet to please be critical and do
               | some basic analysis and not just believe everything they
               | hear from that guy!
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | SpaceX is mass-producing the engines, mass-producing the
               | heat shield tiles, the fuel is cheap, the structure is
               | stainless steel (cheap), payload capacity is huge, and
               | full rapid re-usability seems well under way. There is no
               | way Starship will not be the cheapest launch platform
               | (per kilogram) if and when it is operational. It will
               | definitely have a launch price tag for under $100m.
        
               | zizee wrote:
               | But it's not just that guy.
               | 
               | > Starship rocket to less than $10 million. However,
               | Starship is still very much a development program, and
               | Payload estimates it currently costs around $90 million
               | for SpaceX to build a fully stacked Starship rocket. The
               | vast majority of this cost goes toward the rocket's 39
               | Raptor engines and labor expenses.
               | 
               | So it's going to be somewhere over $100 for a fully
               | disposable launch. What happens when they start reusing
               | the booster? What happens when they have optimised
               | production further?
               | 
               | Are you sure that your anti-musk bias isn't clouding your
               | judgement?
               | 
               | https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/01/rocket-report-a-
               | new-es...
        
               | signatoremo wrote:
               | Are you arguing in good faith? What are you based on to
               | say $100mil is vaporware? Most commercial flights (i.e.
               | non-Starlink) are priced starting at $70 millions - [0],
               | increased from $60m previously. That's not for the press,
               | although government customers such as NASA often pay much
               | more. SpaceX is very dominant at this point that they'd
               | be foolish to charge under cost.
               | 
               | And then there are Starlink launches. They made money on
               | it on 2024, according to Shotwell, so launch cost must be
               | way lower than external price.
               | 
               | [0] -
               | https://www.spacex.com/media/Capabilities&Services.pdf
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | $100m might be correct though. Elon Musk himself has said
               | that just the hardware for each Starship test flight has
               | cost $100 million. This doesn't count all the hardware
               | that hasn't flown so in practice each test flight was
               | even more expensive than this, but there is no reason to
               | argue that Starship will cost more than $200 million for
               | an expendable launch and maybe a quarter of that assuming
               | reuse via booster catch.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Those Starship costs you quote assume an expended booster
               | and the New Glenn costs assume a recovered booster.
               | 
               | We don't have to use Musk's cost figures for Starship.
               | Starship has been built in the open and can be relatively
               | accurately cost estimated by experts.
        
               | FireBeyond wrote:
               | > He also said Full Self Driving Mode would be available
               | in 2018, 2019, 2022 and 2025.
               | 
               | He did. He also said it'd be available in 2016, 2017,
               | 2020, 2021, 2023 and 2024.
               | 
               | So yeah...
        
             | ternnoburn wrote:
             | Smaller launch to a specific orbit. As an analogy, freight
             | trains are one of the most efficient, cheapest ways to move
             | freight. But moving my laundry to the laundromat is better
             | served by another vehicle.
        
               | zizee wrote:
               | This changes if SpaceX can get full reusability working,
               | which they have been making very steady progress towards.
        
               | avmich wrote:
               | Yeah, that's the main proposition Starship has for the
               | market. Going to analogy with laundromat, you need to
               | include the cost of single-use laundry cart and remember
               | that your laundromat is on another end of the same
               | asphalted road which the truck nearby can easily drive
               | on.
               | 
               | Not sure at all if costs - and hassles, of course - of
               | buying a cart are less than some change for the costs of
               | the fuel - the truck is autonomous, of course.
        
             | OhMeadhbh wrote:
             | Starship is heavy lift / heavy expense. If you want to put
             | 1 small-sat in orbit, you don't use Starship, you use a
             | Rocket Lab Electron. It's MUCH cheaper. Or you wait until
             | you find 600 other small sat users who want to launch into
             | the same / similar orbit.
             | 
             | The talk I heard was that New Glenn was supposed to be BO's
             | answer to Starship (or more likely Falcon Heavy) that could
             | launch a bunch of Project Kuiper satellites into LEO so
             | Amazon could compete with Starlink and feed Amazon's Ground
             | Station as a Service offering.
             | 
             | If we are to believe the published numbers, New Glenn can
             | lift 50 imperial tons to LEO, Starship Block III will hoist
             | 200 tons and Falcon Heavy will lift 50-60 depending on how
             | re-usable you want your launch to be.
             | 
             | I'm not a heavy lift sales-person, but I've been in the
             | room when they discussed what they thought they could sell
             | to govt / mil / commercial customers. So take this with a
             | little bit of salt... Seems to me BO was targeting a
             | slightly smaller launch vehicle than SpaceX was going with
             | so they could decouple schedule with Amazon's Kuiper
             | Project. You don't want to have that cool new rocket you
             | developed dependent on a satellite constellation that gets
             | delayed. So you have a rocket that would be easier to fill
             | with a number of small to medium sized satellites to LEO or
             | (fewer) to GEO.
             | 
             | And like other people on the thread have commented, it
             | seems BO is a decade behind SpaceX, so... yeah... a big
             | rocket that competes with Starship is pretty risky for BO.
             | 
             | And yes, I understand that BO is independent from Amazon,
             | but from what I've seen this is just so they can execute on
             | a schedule that isn't determined by AMZN's board of
             | directors. They seem pretty closely related, just from
             | talking with Kuiper, GSaaS and BO engineers.
             | 
             | I don't work for any of the above mentioned companies and
             | have no insider information. YMMV. Just my guesses from
             | watching some of the personalities involved for the last 30
             | years.
        
               | starik36 wrote:
               | I am going out on a limb and say that Project Kuiper
               | satellites themselves are nowhere near ready. Amazon is
               | supposed to launch 50% of the constellation of ~6000 into
               | orbit by July 2026 or risk losing frequencies. So you
               | would think there would be some urgency.
               | 
               | Amazon purchased pretty much all remaining Atlas 5
               | launches from ULA. This is a proven rocket and ready to
               | fly. Why aren't the satellites being launched? The only
               | thing I can think of is that they are not ready yet.
        
               | perihelions wrote:
               | - _" If you want to put 1 small-sat in orbit, you don't
               | use Starship, you use a Rocket Lab Electron. It's MUCH
               | cheaper."_
               | 
               | I don't buy this. I think small startups like that can't
               | get the economies of scale that would let them compete on
               | price, for any payload. So long as they are targeting
               | low-value niche markets like one-off smallsats, they
               | won't have the revenue to support that.
               | 
               | At what Rocket Labs is currently charging, $7.5 million
               | [0], it's within the realm of possibility you could even
               | launch an entire reusable Starship with a one-cubesat
               | payload for less than that. (The target figure Musk uses
               | is $2 million/launch; take that with the appropriate
               | bucket of salt).
               | 
               | How many tens of billions of R&D have gone into SpaceX,
               | and how many launches are they able to amortize that cost
               | over? How many decades have they invested in their
               | manufacturing processes? Do their competitors' engines
               | roll off factory assembly lines?
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | >If we are to believe the published numbers, New Glenn
               | can lift 50 imperial tons to LEO
               | 
               | Well 45 tons, but this is in a reusable configuration.
               | 
               | >Starship Block III will hoist 200 tons
               | 
               | This is definitely not a reusable configuration. Maybe
               | 150 tons if they are lucky.
               | 
               | >Falcon Heavy will lift 50-60 depending on how re-usable
               | you want your launch to be.
               | 
               | 60 tons for Falcon Heavy means zero reuse, that is a
               | fully expendable launch. Falcon heavy also hasn't carried
               | payloads heavier than 18 tons so far. So this number is
               | something you can whip out to pretend that New Glenn
               | sucks and yet completely miss the mark.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | <https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9792046>
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | > If you want to put 1 small-sat in orbit, you don't use
               | Starship
               | 
               | Why not? Unless you need a custom orbit that nobody else
               | is interested in then Starship will be by far the
               | cheapest way to put a small satellite in orbit, as part
               | of a ride-share mission.
        
               | extraduder_ire wrote:
               | I think the cheapest smallsat launches now available are
               | being pushed out of the Japanese airlock on the ISS. It's
               | very popular.
               | 
               | Really limits your options in terms of height/inclination
               | but it's been popular enough that they're almost at
               | capacity.
        
             | DrBazza wrote:
             | Non-orbital. But it can do that as well. Just sacrifice the
             | rocket and use the landing fuel for more delta-v.
        
           | avmich wrote:
           | I hope Blue Origin succeeds too, but I'm not sure which
           | mission profiles wouldn't be served best by the Starship in
           | comparison to other launchers. There could be some ultra-
           | light ones, where the cost for the whole launch is less than
           | refueling the Starship, but...
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | Obviously any mission that goes beyond LEO that does not
             | aeorbrake at the destination, because that means you're
             | expending an upper stage with aerodynamic surfaces for no
             | reason.
             | 
             | Also anything that does a direct TLI or TMI, because you
             | will have to stop for in-orbit refuelling.
        
               | quotemstr wrote:
               | Huh? If Starship can cheaply lift 150T to LEO, you can
               | allocate some of that 150T to a propulsion system.
        
               | basementcat wrote:
               | That means the customer has to buy an additional
               | propulsion stage (plus time for integration testing and
               | insurance in case it damages the launch vehicle, in case
               | it becomes reusable). Also, it is not yet clear what the
               | LEO payload capability of the vehicle is.
        
               | quotemstr wrote:
               | The cost of an expendable third stage is surely more than
               | made up for the brute force cost savings of being able to
               | launch 150T to LEO for the cost of fuel and a car wash.
        
               | basementcat wrote:
               | I think it depends on the situation. It is not yet clear
               | if 150T to LEO is real (and even if it is, you're likely
               | sharing it with a bunch of other customers who might not
               | want to fly with another rocket motor unless it has gone
               | through quite a bit of vetting and paperwork; Shuttle
               | banned the use of solid rocket motor 3rd stages after the
               | Challenger accident) and it is not yet clear what the
               | cost for a typical customer is going to be. Rocket
               | engines designed to start in a vacuum are more difficult
               | and expensive to develop and test than engines designed
               | to operate closer to STP.
        
               | avmich wrote:
               | The cost to get to LEO dominates in most, if not all,
               | launches, and it's relatively trivial to add a booster
               | stage which solves additional delta-v problems while
               | being cost preferential to alternatives.
               | 
               | Maybe SpaceX will make those stages, if the market would
               | interest them. Maybe fellow companies like Impulse Space
               | would manage those requests. Starship still looks like a
               | probable winner in the area.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | > but if it works, there's still going to be demand for other
           | mission profiles that it won't make sense to send on Starship
           | 
           | I'm rooting for any and all US launch providers to succeed,
           | but I don't think this is true. Starship at full reusability
           | will be better than any other launcher for every single
           | mission profile imaginable.
        
             | ternnoburn wrote:
             | There's simply no way one vehicle will be the best option
             | in every case.
             | 
             | If you have a small satellite you need placed somewhere
             | unique, firing up a huge launch vehicle makes no sense.
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | It does if it's _still_ cheaper than any other rocket.
        
               | timewizard wrote:
               | Your launch price may somehow be cheaper; although,
               | that's incredibly unlikely. Anyways as your insurance
               | underwriter I'm going to jack up the rate on you so high
               | for that launch it will no longer be cheaper.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Starship's launch price is highly likely to be cheaper if
               | New Glenn's second stage isn't reusable.
        
               | OhMeadhbh wrote:
               | It's also a bit of a straw-man to assume people will only
               | fly on the cheapest lift option. Virgin Orbit lasted as
               | long as it did only because there was one (maybe two)
               | customers who were willing to pay a premium for being
               | guinea pigs for a new technology. Their reasoning was
               | something like "if this pans out, it'll be very cool long
               | term" so they were willing to put their small-sats on a
               | largely untested platform.
               | 
               | The same could be said about some of the entrenched
               | players in earth observation. They're willing to pay a
               | bit of a premium for a reasonable amount of time to
               | ensure there's not a monopoly player (which definitely
               | looks like it will be SpaceX.)
               | 
               | How much of a premium they're willing to pay and for how
               | long seems like anyone's guess.
        
               | ChuckMcM wrote:
               | This. If, and it's a big if, starship can be 100%
               | reusable and less than 24 hours turn around, then it will
               | be the space truck NASA envisioned with the shuttle
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Even if it's not 100% reusable it's still likely to be
               | cheaper than New Glenn. New Glenn uses extremely
               | expensive methods of construction. Starship is assembled
               | like a glorified water tank.
        
               | ChuckMcM wrote:
               | I'm not sure I see it that way, I wonder sometimes how
               | much of the expensive construction can be systematized
               | into something less expensive, and how much of Starship's
               | "cheap" construction will remain as they work harder and
               | harder to get to their reuse and turnaround goals. My
               | intuition is that Starship will get more expensive to
               | make over time and New Glenn less expensive but beyond
               | that I can't say if they would meet in the middle or
               | cross.
               | 
               | That said, platform construction costs only dominate when
               | you can't re-use the platform. Anything you can re-use
               | gets amortized over each re-use. That is what had made
               | Falcon 9 so cost effective. Mostly because they get
               | nearly 10 flights per booster.
        
               | aarmot wrote:
               | > ... Falcon 9 ... nearly 10 flights per booster
               | 
               | Just curious: what year is your data from?
        
               | grecy wrote:
               | > _That is what had made Falcon 9 so cost effective.
               | Mostly because they get nearly 10 flights per booster._
               | 
               | You're way out of date. Multiple boosters have flown over
               | 20, a couple are at 23.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Falcon_9_first-
               | stage...
        
               | avmich wrote:
               | I guess 10 flights per booster is an average over, say,
               | the whole time since the first booster successfully
               | landed. In the list by this link there are ~70 boosters,
               | and I don't think Falcons flew ~700 missions yet, so 10
               | flights per booster looks on average approximately
               | correct, even though some - even quite a few - boosters
               | flew significantly more that 10 times.
        
               | ChuckMcM wrote:
               | I'm looking at overall re-use numbers. Yes, boosters are
               | now being certified for more launches which will, over
               | time, bring both the average and the median number of
               | launches per booster up.
               | 
               | In this conversation, I think the relevant point is that
               | as the 'resusability' of the F9 booster has gone up, so
               | has the cost to make a single booster. That's because
               | they've added things and changed how they make them in
               | order to boost re-usability. I expect the same evolution
               | in Starship/Booster which will increase the unit cost in
               | order to make them more reusable which will lower overall
               | cost of launches because you can amortize those costs
               | across multiple flights.
        
               | OhMeadhbh wrote:
               | I agree w/ Chuck. It's a BIG IF. I'm hoping for them. I
               | really hope BO turns out to be a good competitor for
               | SpaceX so they're both highly motivated. I've seen the
               | sausage being made at a couple of new space companies
               | (and at least one old space company.) Even more than chip
               | vendors and PC clone manufacturers, Heavy Lift providers
               | are their own worst enemies. If SpaceX fails, it will be
               | because of something they decided to do, not something
               | that was foisted upon them. Ditto for Rocket Lab and Blue
               | Origin. But the cool flip side of that is they're free to
               | do extremely cool/innovative things. The guys who are
               | privately held aren't beholden to a board that wants
               | increasingly dependable revenue and profits (looking at
               | you, ULA.) And this does not seem to be the industry that
               | can tolerate that. I'm bullish on SpaceX, BO _and_ Rocket
               | Lab (assuming Rocket Lab doesn 't run out of runway.)
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | There's no way they're getting rapid turnaround with the
               | damage it's has sustained on the last two tests.
        
               | grecy wrote:
               | I'm always amazed by statements like this. Starship is
               | currently a test program and is rapidly evolving. They're
               | improving it as they learn.
               | 
               | What you said is akin to looking at the Wright brothers
               | plane and saying "no way that thing crosses the
               | Atlantic."
               | 
               | It will improve rapidly until it does.
        
               | ben-schaaf wrote:
               | I don't see how that makes any sense. Starship is 100t
               | dry; simply the fuel costs of a launch will necessarily
               | be higher than disposable alternatives.
        
               | NooneAtAll3 wrote:
               | fuel is cheap
               | 
               | most expensive part are the engines
        
               | perihelions wrote:
               | Fuel is cheap: it's $900,000 per Starship launch,
               | according to Musk [0]. No disposable rocket comes within
               | even a factor-of-10 of that.
               | 
               | [0] https://techcrunch.com/2019/11/06/elon-musk-says-
               | spacexs-sta...
        
               | ben-schaaf wrote:
               | I was perhaps exaggerating a little with the fuel cost
               | comparison, but we've had rockets like Astra R3 and
               | SS-520 fly for under $5M per launch. Rocket Lab's
               | Electron is ~$7.5M. That's all within a factor of 10.
        
               | ternnoburn wrote:
               | The rocket equation doesn't participate in capitalism --
               | moving mass to orbit takes delta-v and that takes fuel.
               | 
               | If you are going to imagine a hypothetical future where
               | starship has made technological leaps forward sufficient
               | to be the cheapest possible option _despite being
               | significantly heavier and larger aerodynamically_ , you
               | have to imagine someone else could also improve their
               | rocket. A smaller rocket requires less fuel to fly.
               | 
               | The US is not the only place flying rockets, and spacex
               | has a lead, but if the industry takes off, there will be
               | other contenders. Once rockets start getting more similar
               | as they all start contending with physics, a smaller
               | rocket will necessarily be cheaper.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Is Starship really not following the exact step of N-1 &&
           | VentureStar?
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | Computers and materials came a long way since the N1, as
             | Starship's successful tests can attest to.
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | But they're still losing roughly as many engines as
               | Russians did in N1, so that sounds like a dubious claim.
               | 
               | What about the latter? Are they really not tracing the
               | footsteps of the X-33 program?
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | What? Flight five didn't lose any engines. N1 kept
               | blowing up.
               | 
               | X-33 never got to a test flight, let alone a successful
               | one.
        
           | sebazzz wrote:
           | Starships model seems to hinge on being able to catch the
           | booster every time and the second stage most of the time. I'm
           | not sure if this is a Tesla Model 3, or a Cybertruck.
        
             | trollied wrote:
             | People had doubts about Falcon 9 landing on a barge every
             | time...
        
               | bamboozled wrote:
               | I think they're asking the question: "Is there really
               | value in the product" or is it a gimmick like the cyber
               | truck.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | I'm not sure which profiles don't make sense unless they
           | can't figure out payload doors. Stage 2 reuse means you can
           | put up 50 tons or so of stage 3 in LEO for approximately free
           | in current payload pricing terms, it's a crazy number.
           | (Advertised capacity of 100-150 tons is probably pointless
           | and/or volume-limited anyway for a third stage.)
        
             | DrBazza wrote:
             | Not all profiles end up in _orbit_. At this point in time,
             | reusuability sacrifices delta-v for fuel. If you want to
             | launch scientific missions you want to escape Earth orbit.
             | If we 're going to land on Mars, we're going to need a lot
             | of stuff sent there first.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | But it doesn't matter if you can launch 10x the mass for
               | the same price to LEO and light your stage 3 to get
               | anywhere you'd like to be. Stage 3 will have enough delta
               | v and starship's doesn't matter as long as it gets you to
               | the parking orbit.
        
         | reitzensteinm wrote:
         | Do you have some references of New Glenn being positioned as a
         | Falcon 9 killer by any industry professionals, commentators or
         | press with credibility (at the risk of no true Scotsman)?
         | 
         | This was certainly thrown around with Tesla, but it's not
         | something I've personally come across with SpaceX.
         | 
         | Regardless, if semiconductors have taught us anything over the
         | last decade, strong competition is essential for a healthy
         | market. It's hard to imagine a true (haha) fan of space
         | exploration that isn't cheering on Rocket Lab and Blue Origin
         | (as you are), even if they're destined to forever be runners
         | up. Even if you believe Musk will operate SpaceX entirely
         | selflessly, he won't be in control of it forever.
        
           | wombatpm wrote:
           | Boeing will probably buy one of the also rams to improve
           | their offerings
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Can an also ran buy another also ran? Does that even make
             | sense?
        
             | OhMeadhbh wrote:
             | The moment SpaceX is sold to Boeing is the moment Musk
             | doesn't get to go to Mars. And while he _may_ never be able
             | to have the martian colony he seems to covet, he still
             | seems to believe he can do it, so there 's zero motivation
             | to sell.
             | 
             | Also... Boeing? They've been having some issues lately.
        
               | wombatpm wrote:
               | I was thinking that Blue Origin was a more likely target.
        
         | WWLink wrote:
         | > Blue Origin has an awfully long way to go if they want to
         | catch up to SpaceX
         | 
         | Maybe we should just give the whole space industry to SpaceX
         | because obviously nobody can touch them. /s
        
           | foobarian wrote:
           | They seem perfectly good at doing that all on their own
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | It's got more than twice the payload capacity of Falcon 9 to
         | LEO and a 7m payload fairing vs 9m for Starship.
         | 
         | The real question is if there's going to be enough demand to
         | justify these systems. With enough reusability it might make
         | sense to fly these things 2/3 empty, but that's only going to
         | be so profitable.
        
           | teractiveodular wrote:
           | New Glenn's main customer will be Kuiper, Amazon's answer to
           | Starlink.
        
             | OhMeadhbh wrote:
             | But also whatever Amazon's equivalent of NanoRacks is
             | 'cause Amazon also wants to feed their GSaaS (Ground-
             | Station as a Service) play. I think long-term Kuiper is
             | going to be BO's main customer, but selling lift capacity
             | to a NanoRacks-alike could reduce the impact of a Kuiper
             | schedule slip.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Starlink already scaled to 1M US households using Falcon 9
             | launches and this is twice as large. I think it's
             | reasonable to question just how many launches a competitor
             | would support.
        
         | imtringued wrote:
         | >odds are Starship will be fully operational before New Glenn
         | completes testing.
         | 
         | What does this even mean? Fully operational? Starship has three
         | versions and they are still testing the first one which isn't
         | supposed to reach orbit in the next flight nor is it supposed
         | to carry any payload, not even a mass simulator. When you ask
         | people why the booster hasn't been reflown, you get this
         | confusing answer that the booster is "already obsolete" even
         | though they have planned to launch three more "obsolete"
         | boosters after the first successful catch.
         | 
         | Everyone is bragging how fast SpaceX is, but they are starting
         | to drag their feet. It's like those people who build a demo
         | that looks like the product is almost finished, but it turns
         | out those were the easy and visible 80% that you can show off,
         | now you're left with the hard and time consuming 20% and you're
         | going to run into delays like everyone else.
         | 
         | And then there is the fact that New Glenn is going to launch on
         | 5th of January and attempt landing on the first flight. Barring
         | an explosion on the way to orbit, New Glenn will be flying at
         | least half a dozen missions carrying payloads throughout 2025
         | including a moon landing of Blue Moon MK1.
         | 
         | Your comment comes across as pessimistically predicting the
         | failure of the first launch or being ignorant that it will
         | launch in four days.
        
           | grecy wrote:
           | > _New Glenn will be flying at least half a dozen missions
           | carrying payloads throughout 2025_
           | 
           | 12 missions is their upper limit of capacity, so it's "at
           | most 12".
           | 
           | https://x.com/jeff_foust/status/1835610703174255074?mx=2
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | "the easy and visible 80% that you can show off"
           | 
           | There was nothing easy about the Raptor engine, for one. It
           | is absolutely the best rocket engine in the world by far, and
           | the only methane-based engine that ever reached space.
           | 
           | AFAIK the only "real" problem that SpaceX is now having with
           | Starship is the heat shield vs. rapid reusability. It is an
           | important problem, but it also means that many other
           | complicated problems (such as precise exercise of the belly
           | flop) are fully solved.
        
       | tahoeskibum wrote:
       | I'm a big SpaceX fan, nonetheless I am looking forward to some
       | competition for SpaceX. If New Glenn succeeds, it might become a
       | workhorse like Falcon 9/Heavy. And don't forget New Armstrong is
       | the next generation, should be in the works.
        
         | mattigames wrote:
         | I'm sure that as the new pseudo-president he will avoid doing
         | anything that might sabotage SpaceX competitors.
        
           | bamboozled wrote:
           | It's sad that this has to come into it, but given both of the
           | companies CEOs "kissing the ring" so to speak, is there
           | really any competition here, or just politics now?
        
       | Novosell wrote:
       | How much data do you guys reckon they gather during this
       | 24-second window? Gigabytes? Terabytes? I imagine they have
       | redundant sensors for every measurement, if possible. The LHC
       | generates 1 PB/s, though it filters it down to roughly
       | 200MB/s[0]. I wonder how this compares.
       | 
       | 0: https://www.lhc-
       | closer.es/taking_a_closer_look_at_lhc/0.lhc_...
        
         | timewizard wrote:
         | You can fly to space with a 40ms control loop. It's a
         | surprisingly low accuracy affair especially compared to
         | particle physics. You're more likely capturing some actuator
         | positions and discrete outputs and ensuring that everything
         | sequences and responds to limits correctly, more on the level
         | with an automobile CAN bus capture than it is anything else,
         | and likely less than even 1 gigabyte.
         | 
         | There's likely more data stored in the video files from the
         | cameras that observed the test than test data itself.
        
           | OhMeadhbh wrote:
           | I'm just remembering that the images we got from Doves @
           | PlanetLab DWARFED the telemetry from the bus.
        
         | amluto wrote:
         | I would imagine far less. The LHC captures many channels of
         | sensors (for spatial resolution) and captures at very high
         | frequency (because the time scales involved are _fast_ and also
         | because LHC is doing time-of-flight measurements).
         | 
         | I doubt that a rocket has anywhere near as many sensors (have
         | you seen pictures of the LHC's instruments? They're basically
         | all sensor), and I also expect that the timescales involved in
         | rocketry are rather longer than in high energy physics.
         | 
         | Here's a slide deck about ATLAS building an ASIC that reads
         | something at 25 picosecond precision:
         | 
         | https://indico.cern.ch/event/799025/contributions/3486157/at...
         | 
         | Unless someone at Blue Origin is trying to localize a specific
         | part of their flame by time of flight of _light_ , I don't see
         | why time resolution even close to that would be at all useful.
         | Perhaps they're very fancy and want to tell which part of their
         | rocket initiated an explosion by time of flight of _sound_ ,
         | but that's rather less demanding.
         | 
         | With the caveat, of course, that LHC events don't explosively
         | destroy the instrumentation. If you want useful telemetry in
         | the last milliseconds before a rocket failure, you had better
         | seriously harden your data logger or have very low latency
         | transmission to a remote receiver :)
        
           | dotancohen wrote:
           | Combustion in the chamber happens at roughly the speed of
           | sound in the F/O mixture. I don't know what the speed of
           | sound in gCH4 is, but it's probably within an order of
           | magnitude of air - air at 250 bar.
           | 
           | This is actually extremely important to model. Early F1
           | engines (Saturn V, not motorsport) were exploding and the
           | engineers pretty much got lucky with the baffle design.
           | Having a suite of sensors and then a computer model it would
           | have saved lots of hardware and time - and really would have
           | pretty much assured success. They were unsure if they'd
           | succeed right up until they did.
        
             | frodo8sam wrote:
             | Not pure luck though, they tried 15 different baffle
             | configurations. Would of course be easier to filter
             | configuration in simulations.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | There was enormous engineering effort put in with close
               | coordination of physicists, but those 14 prior baffle
               | configurations could have just as easily been 140.
               | 
               | For a relevant example, even just the oil formulation for
               | Water Displacement on the exterior of the steel Atlas
               | rockets took 40 iterations. Hence naming the product
               | WD-40.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | I wonder how many of the other baffle designs and water
               | displacement formulations would still have been "good
               | enough" - not optimal but usable?
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | At least for the baffles: None. That's why they kept
               | going. Presumably there are even better possibly designs,
               | but they were not discovered because one that works was
               | found.
               | 
               | I don't know about the prior WD formulations.
        
             | raverbashing wrote:
             | Still way slower than what particle physics throws at you
             | 
             | (Wolphram Alpha gives me 743 m/s @ 250 bar and 1000C -
             | could be wrong but probably the same OoM)
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | Yes, of course. I was clarifying, not disputing.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | Speed of sound also depends on the temperature (i.e. speed
             | of the gas molecules) which is high and variable. These
             | kinds of coupled interactions make combustion instability
             | really hard to model in CFD hence the importance of full-
             | scale testing.
        
               | extraduder_ire wrote:
               | If you solve the formulas for calculating it, the speed
               | of sound _only_ depends on temperature. Mostly because
               | temperature is dependant on pressure itself.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Temperature and molecular properties.. which guess what
               | are also highly variable in combustion! Very messy stuff.
               | Especially when you get into the actual nitty gritty of
               | all the intermediate chemical species involved.
        
         | klysm wrote:
         | I would wager the actually important data is far smaller. A
         | single camera would probably dominate throughput
        
           | OhMeadhbh wrote:
           | can confirm.
        
         | threeseed wrote:
         | Formula 1 car has over 300 sensors and generates 1.5Gb a lap.
         | 
         | So I would imagine this is generating hundreds of megabytes.
         | 
         | You are going to be limited by what you can transfer over
         | radio.
        
         | OhMeadhbh wrote:
         | The system I worked on in the 2010s was pretty meager:
         | 192kbits-per-second for the bus and about 54kbits-per-second
         | (BITS, not BYTES) for the propulsion module. This is without
         | video and doesn't count payload. It was also before we got the
         | license for the beefy GHz S-Band, so we were sort of forced to
         | make due.
         | 
         | But... you _CAN_ get a lot of decent info from a low bandwidth
         | link.
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | Probably gigabytes. When I worked with other systems in the
         | past we needed to upgrade our gigabit ethernet to handle the
         | full-rate telemetry
        
           | yonatan8070 wrote:
           | Do you mean upgrade to gigabit or from gigabit to 2.5Gbps or
           | 10Gbps?
        
         | elteto wrote:
         | Not much, really. Most sensors are low speed: tens to hundreds
         | of Hz. Then you have some high speed sensors, like strain
         | gages, that are up in the 30+ kHz range.
        
         | black6 wrote:
         | It depends on the number of PIDs and the speed of the data
         | acquisition system. When I worked on the RS-25 engine project
         | the engine had hundreds of PIDs, the low speed DAS was 250
         | samples per second, and the high speed DAS was 250,000 sps. The
         | high speed DAS generated so much data that it was only started
         | a few seconds before engine start so the recorders wouldn't
         | fill up before the end of the tests (which were typically 500
         | seconds).
         | 
         | EDIT: something to add is that not ever PID was tied into the
         | high speed DAS-only a couple-few dozen important PIDs.
        
       | pizlonator wrote:
       | I hope they succeed!
        
       | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
       | I wish them all the best. I really want to see humans land on the
       | moon again. We'll bring humanity together again. One big step for
       | mankind.
        
       | OhMeadhbh wrote:
       | Blue Origin is a funny company. I worked for
       | TerraBella/SkySat/Google Satellite, Planet Labs and Kubos, each
       | as a consultant/contractor/whatever. I struck up a conversation
       | w/ Rob Meyerson @ a conference and told him what I was working on
       | (mostly comms / ground station work, but with a tiny bit of GNC
       | test infrastructure.) I mean, I'm not God's gift to rocket
       | scientists, but... I was pretty heavily recruited by them but was
       | working at Amazon and didn't want to leave, then spent some time
       | nursing a family member through cancer treatments. Finally I'm
       | ready to talk to them and I start with back-channel chats to make
       | sure they still have open reqs. They do so I informally talk
       | about specific things I've done and what I might do at BO.
       | Finally I put my resume together and submit it to the hiring
       | manager I had been talking about, emphasizing the bits he said he
       | was interested in. 15 minutes later I'm rejected for the position
       | they had been recruiting me for.
       | 
       | I mean... I'm not a SUPER rocket engineer, but I'm pretty solid
       | for the things I did work on. I've slogged through design
       | meetings where I had to analyze protocol specs and make sure we
       | agree'd on details, wrote code, wrote A LOT of tests. I mean, I'm
       | solid. The only thing I can think is I don't have a Ph.D., but
       | that DEFINITELY wasn't a requirement when Bob was running the
       | shop.
       | 
       | Folk have told me it's evolved into something much more like
       | Amazon where each team optimizes it's tiny bit and teams
       | communicate only via APIs and the only opportunity you get to
       | optimize complete functional or value chains is when something
       | breaks.
       | 
       | Just seems a bit weird they went from "we're 10 guys in a hangar"
       | to "we've re-implemented Amazon's small-team/local optimization
       | religion" in less than 10 years and with less than 1/30-th of the
       | number of engineers.
       | 
       | I wish them the best. I think SpaceX really needs some decent
       | competition to focus their collective minds. But... they've gone
       | weird.
       | 
       | I'm probably too senior and too "weird" to them to get hired
       | there, but I absolutely encourage young engineers interested in
       | an intense experience to check out their jobs page.
        
         | Jach wrote:
         | There's several funny stories of their hiring oddities on HN
         | going back at least 10 years... For myself, I only talked to
         | them about a back-end SWE role, not avionics, but they were the
         | only company to ever ask about my college GPA. (Not good.)
        
         | mannyv wrote:
         | Was this before or after Limp joined?
        
       | magic_smoke_ee wrote:
       | I wonder if Jeff Bezos also hoses-down Blue Origin workers with
       | ice-cold water to passive-aggressively attack demands of livable
       | wages and sensible working conditions for Amazon warehouse
       | workers.
        
       | zizee wrote:
       | Good luck to them. SpaceX is great, but healthy competition is
       | always important at driving progress. I'd like to take a trip to
       | space one day, and even if SpaceX nails rapid reusability, the
       | best chance of them being motivated to pass on launch savings is
       | a competitor hot on their heals.
       | 
       | I would also love to see Blue Origin spend more time on building
       | space habitation. If Starship does bring heavy lift costs right
       | down, I want to see all the interesting things that people start
       | putting into space
        
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