[HN Gopher] Are PC hardware companies driving technology into re...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Are PC hardware companies driving technology into restricted closed
       ecosystems?
        
       Author : trinsic2
       Score  : 135 points
       Date   : 2024-12-29 19:11 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.scottrlarson.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.scottrlarson.com)
        
       | Terr_ wrote:
       | That reminds me of how Dell was (still?) used different
       | PSU/motherboard power connections, and at one point the
       | physically matching connectors with different pinouts meant Dell
       | PSUs would fry regular motherboards or vice-versa.
       | 
       | This sounds like more of the same, a kind of uncaring that shades
       | into hostility.
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | _and at one point the physically matching connectors with
         | different pinouts meant Dell PSUs would fry regular
         | motherboards or vice-versa._
         | 
         | I think it's more than "uncaring" - since they just shifted the
         | pinout 3 pins over from standard ATX, got rid of the 3.3V and
         | added another 2 5V lines:
         | https://www.vogons.org/viewtopic.php?t=59959
        
         | barrkel wrote:
         | Compaq was always worse in this regard, making almost PC but
         | not quite PCs.
        
         | ocdtrekkie wrote:
         | A lot of Dell design is slightly more proprietary. At their
         | scale the slight cost or efficiency gains they pick up are
         | probably worth the extra design changes. At work we use all
         | Dells and generally speaking the changes generally lead to a
         | nicer technician experience. And sometimes standards suck: Dell
         | E-series docks were drastically more reliable and less fragile
         | than USB-C and I miss them terribly.
         | 
         | For what it's worth, I'm not sure the consumer is hurt too bad
         | either: Because of their sheer scale, aftermarket Dell parts
         | and clone parts are extremely cheap. Any Dell part number turns
         | ip tons off off-brand replacements on Amazon and eBay.
         | 
         | The biggest downside to Dell's approach is e-waste. When they
         | change a design, otherwise serviceable hardware isn't useful
         | when working with newer models. Speaking of those wonderful old
         | E-series docks, we had to replace them all simply because they
         | don't sell laptops with the connector anymore.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | DOS ain't done 'til Lotus won't run.
        
       | K0balt wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
         | Who do you buy from when they're all bad. I don't think buying
         | a Linux laptop is a serious option even for most enthusiasts.
         | The software, hardware, and battery life just aren't there.
        
           | shmerl wrote:
           | I think it's just some lingering propaganda of those who
           | oppose adoption of Linux. Things are pretty usable and are
           | there for those who want to use them. Not necessarily Dell
           | though - haven't used them in a long time.
        
           | goda90 wrote:
           | Framework seems pretty Linux friendly. System76 is dedicated
           | to Linux hardware.
        
           | jay_kyburz wrote:
           | I thought you could buy Dells with Linux on them instead of
           | Windows. Software is better, hardware is the same.
           | 
           | I think its just a battery life issue, and as far as I know
           | its not much worse than windows.
           | 
           | If you are going to carry the power brick around with you
           | anyway, might as well just plug in it a little earlier.
        
             | gostsamo wrote:
             | Dell were those who put drm on the power supply. I doubt
             | that I'll buy from them ever again.
        
             | johnbellone wrote:
             | They sold a few specific models with Linux as an option.
             | IIRC they were mostly developer centric marketing.
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | It is quite a bit worse in practice depending on what you
             | do.
             | 
             | For example, with web browsers, most Linux ones (including
             | Chrome and Firefox) disable much of hardware accelerated
             | graphics on Linux by default because of "unstable graphics
             | drivers". If I remember correctly, Chrome just disables it
             | across the board, while Firefox has a whitelist of drivers
             | considered stable which is basically just Intel.
             | 
             | In my testing, unless you muck around with these settings,
             | you're can easily lose something like an _hour_ of battery
             | life compared to Windows if all you do is just browse
             | websites (and I 'm not even talking about anything fancy
             | here; my automated test was literally just scrolling the
             | main Reddit feed).
        
           | gostsamo wrote:
           | I'm thinking either Framework or Lenovo. It might be
           | interesting to see what good arm laptops will be available
           | next year when I might finally decide to upgrade my current
           | machine.
        
           | CalRobert wrote:
           | Dell will sell you an XPS 13 with linux preloaded, but you'll
           | pay extra. It's ludicrous that you can't just choose it for
           | any laptop.
           | 
           | https://www.dell.com/en-us/shop/laptops/intel-core-ultra-
           | ser...
           | 
           | I had one of the early Project Sputnik laptops (XPS 13 with
           | Ubuntu preloaded) and loved it. Now I use a Framework which
           | is fine, but not anything amazing.
        
           | alexjplant wrote:
           | > Who do you buy from when they're all bad. I don't think
           | buying a Linux laptop is a serious option even for most
           | enthusiasts. The software, hardware, and battery life just
           | aren't there.
           | 
           | I'm writing to you from a $250 laptop running Mint (with 11
           | hours of charge remaining) that this is is pure,
           | unadulterated FUD from 20 years ago.
           | 
           | Lenovo certifies their systems for use with both RHEL and
           | Ubuntu [1] which means that most mainstream distros will work
           | contemporary, high-end business ultrabooks that are widely
           | regarded as some of the best in their class. Arch has a lush,
           | green compatibility matrix [2] for these laptops too. Once a
           | year on average I buy a four-year-old T series and throw Mint
           | on it for a friend or relative and everything works out of
           | the box. This has been the case for at least a decade. If you
           | don't want to buy a Thinkpad then the acclaimed XPS 13 is one
           | of many [3] Dell laptops that comes pre-loaded with Ubuntu.
           | Others in this thread have also pointed out the numerous
           | vendors that ship Linux on rebadged barebones hardware.
           | 
           | We need to cut it out with the "desktop Linux is hard" meme.
           | It's a counterproductive mind virus. It hasn't been true
           | since the Bush administration and almost always amounts to
           | some hand-wavey comment like the above. The hoops you have to
           | jump through with modern Windows a la Group Policy hacks, TPM
           | requirement bypass, selecting the exactly-correct LTSC
           | version, etc. are consistently greater than anything you have
           | to deal with on modern desktop Linux in my experience.
           | 
           | [1]
           | https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/solutions/pd031426-linux-
           | fo...
           | 
           | [2] https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Laptop/Lenovo
           | 
           | [3] https://www.dell.com/en-us/shop/dell-
           | laptops/scr/laptops/app...
        
           | mhluongo wrote:
           | > The software, hardware, and battery life just aren't there.
           | 
           | Writing this from a Framework 13. I've been using Linux
           | laptops for the past 15 years, and this is the first time a
           | Linux-friendly machine has checked all my boxes (including
           | excellent battery life).
        
         | Rygian wrote:
         | > Don't buy shitty products, or soon there will be no non-
         | shitty products
         | 
         | The only way to fight enshitification is government regulation.
         | 
         | Otherwise, for the 0.1% of market population able to make an
         | informed choice, there remains a 99.9% of consumers ready to
         | buy the cheapest thing and then shrug up or whine.
        
           | aleph_minus_one wrote:
           | > The only way to fight enshitification is government
           | regulation.
           | 
           | A good friend of me decided to stop (as far as possible)
           | having any further contact to people who use "spying devices"
           | in his presence.
           | 
           | A good idea.
        
         | numbsafari wrote:
         | Counter example: TVs
        
           | alexchamberlain wrote:
           | I think we need more details: do you mean TVs aren't getting
           | worse, or are? Why? What examples do you have?
           | 
           | I think LG's webOS is nice - its consumer friendly, but as a
           | developer, you can whip something up and install it on your
           | TV easily in an afternoon. OTOH, I believe not all the APIs
           | are documented, as some of the interfaces provided to/from
           | Netflix/Prime Video/Dinsey+ don't appear to be possible with
           | documented APIs, and ofc, from a hardware perspective, they
           | are completely locked in.
        
         | rakoo wrote:
         | Capitalism.
         | 
         | We should call it out loud and clear where ever we see it.
         | 
         | Don't buy from for-profit entities, or soon there will be no
         | non-for-profit entities.
        
         | KaiserPro wrote:
         | counterpoint:
         | 
         | Its a security feature to limit the amount of rootkits that are
         | installed.
        
       | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
       | I agree there's need for a consortium or organization. If only to
       | wage a marketing campaign that hurts these harmful companies.
        
       | Ologn wrote:
       | Last week there was a "Switched Back to Windows After over 10
       | Years on Linux" thread (
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42496032 ), and this story
       | shows one of the reasons I prefer Linux to Windows.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | Or, at least, get a computer that's also offered with Linux.
        
       | duskwuff wrote:
       | The complaint here seems a little misguided.
       | 
       | The AHCI / RAID switch the author is describing is only relevant
       | to drive controllers which support SATA disks - AHCI is the
       | protocol that's used to interact with a SATA controller. This
       | switch has no effect on NVMe drives, and never has; the fact that
       | the BIOS control for it even mentioned NVMe is odd.
       | 
       | The "RST storage driver" (i.e. Intel Rapid Storage Technology) is
       | only required for systems which support SATA RAID using an Intel
       | integrated RAID controller. It is not required to use NVMe
       | devices. I wouldn't expect Dell to provide this driver for
       | systems which don't use SATA disks, since it wouldn't do
       | anything.
       | 
       | It certainly wouldn't surprise me if there were some weird trick
       | required to perform a clean install of Windows on these machines.
       | But I don't think the author has identified it correctly, and I
       | find their theory that this is a deliberate effort to "control
       | the user experience" unconvincing.
        
         | trinsic2 wrote:
         | You can switch into ACHI mode for NVME drives. The point is you
         | cannot install windows clean without either having the RST
         | driver, if your storage device is set to a RAID configuration
         | in the BIOS, or switching into AHCI mode which my article
         | describes. Since the Dell Laptop model I described did not have
         | an option to switch from RAID into ACHI I was unable to install
         | windows clean without the RST Driver. And that driver is not
         | included on Dell's Website.
         | 
         | Please tell me where this is misguided..
        
           | Hizonner wrote:
           | I'm a bit lost in all this, except for kind of thinking that
           | it shows X86 is a giant mess.
           | 
           | First, doesn't Windows knows how to use NVME drives _as NVME
           | drives_ , without going through some weird SATA compatibility
           | layer? Second, if I'm reading you right, Windows also has
           | bundled drivers for RST. It's just that the installer
           | doesn't.
           | 
           | Is that right? Are you saying that the Windows _installer_
           | doesn 't know how to use storage interfaces that the final
           | installed Windows _system_ would know how to use, and
           | furthermore that those include storage interfaces that might
           | be used for the _boot drive_? So in order to install, you
           | have to get an RST driver and somehow load it into the
           | installer, but after that the system will work?
           | 
           | Because that sounds like a Windows problem more than a BIOS
           | problem. You're installing your OS on reasonably vanilla
           | storage[^1]. Why would you expect to have to download a
           | driver from Dell at all?
           | 
           | [^1]: Sort of vanilla. I don't know about this "RST" nonsense
           | and am suspicious of anything that might make it hard to move
           | a drive, or indeed an entire RAID array, to another computer
           | or controller intact.
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | _Are you saying that the Windows installer doesn 't know
             | how to use storage interfaces that the final installed
             | Windows system would know how to use, and furthermore that
             | those include storage interfaces that might be used for the
             | boot drive? So in order to install, you have to get an RST
             | driver and somehow load it into the installer, but after
             | that the system will work?_
             | 
             | After reading the Dell documentation... yeah, that's
             | exactly the situation. A laptop only has one drive BTW.
        
           | saxonww wrote:
           | IDK about misguided, but I just went to the Dell website,
           | went to support, looked up the Inspiron 16 Plus model 7640,
           | and promptly found an Intel RST driver [0].
           | 
           | I am not disputing your experience at all, but it is weird to
           | me that we'd need an RST driver to install Windows with an
           | NVMe device; RST is a SATA/AHCI RAID tech, and while it does
           | also do something with the 'optane memory' accelerators that
           | Intel used to sell, I wouldn't have expected it to also make
           | NVMe drives visible to the installer. My own experience is
           | not current at this point, though.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-
           | us/drivers/driversdetai...
        
             | aspenmayer wrote:
             | I was also able to find that driver and posted it in
             | another thread. I can fully believe that it wasn't
             | available when OP searched for it, but maybe they just
             | didn't find it due to Dell's support site being somewhat
             | difficult to navigate for people who aren't used to
             | troubleshooting Dell computers and especially clean
             | installing or dual booting them.
             | 
             | One workaround is to install in AHCI mode and then use the
             | safe mode method to switch the storage mode out from under
             | Windows, install missing drivers for the desired boot mode
             | under safe mode if they aren't installed automatically by
             | Windows, then reboot to exit safe mode.
             | 
             | https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/22631-enable-ahci-
             | window...
             | 
             | https://www.tenforums.com/drivers-hardware/15006-attn-ssd-
             | ow...
             | 
             | However, OP doesn't seem to have the option to switch to
             | anything other than RST, which could be due to BIOS
             | settings and/or Windows settings, as well as flags on your
             | partitions that cause Windows to boot in read only mode.
             | You might need to toggle some settings for legacy/uefi
             | compatibility mode, reset BIOS/EFI to ( _un_ optimized for
             | Windows 8 /10/11) default settings, disable secure boot
             | temporarily, etc to let the EFI allow you to toggle the
             | boot mode on some Dell BIOSes, however, especially in OP's
             | case where they appear to not have any alternate drive
             | modes besides RST in BIOS/EFI. In especially bad cases, you
             | might even need to update the BIOS to enable these modes
             | and/or wipe the EFI partitions and possibly the entire boot
             | drive, as sometimes the BIOS/EFI is inserting itself in the
             | boot process via "dirty bits" and/or Fast Startup mode.
             | 
             | https://superuser.com/questions/1554458/how-does-windows-
             | loc...
        
         | emn13 wrote:
         | Presumably the author really is missing a driver; I doubt he'd
         | have missed being able to install without it. If he really does
         | need such a driver; then the exact name of it or the details of
         | Dell's BIOS options and whether they help sound fairly
         | incidental to the underlying story.
         | 
         | Your criticism may be reasonable; but does it really cut at the
         | heart of the issue? Also; some of these options are
         | occasionally oddly named, so let's not ignore the possibility
         | that the article's author is right on this.
        
           | duskwuff wrote:
           | > Your criticism may be reasonable; but does it really cut at
           | the heart of the issue?
           | 
           | The article hardly provides any support for its "closed
           | ecosystems" thesis beyond this anecdote. Whatever the
           | situation is on this hardware (and wmf's sibling comment
           | points out that there might indeed be something odd going
           | on), it seems far more likely that it's the result of sloppy
           | engineering by Dell and/or Microsoft, rather than a
           | deliberate plan to restrict user choice (or something).
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | I think there is a newer version of RST based on NVMe and it
         | has the same problem: if the system is in RST mode the SSDs
         | aren't visible. Dell even has a recent article about this exact
         | problem: https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-
         | us/000188116/intel-11t...
        
           | aspenmayer wrote:
           | Nice spot for that article.
           | 
           | I'm not sure what to make of OP's issues tbh, as I was able
           | to find the RST driver for their model here:
           | 
           | https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-
           | us/drivers/driversdetai...
           | 
           | via
           | 
           | https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-us/product-
           | support/prod...
           | 
           | Also, you can reboot into safe mode on Windows 10/11 and even
           | 8/8.1, and before it reaches Windows initialization, enter
           | the BIOS/EFI, toggle the AHCI/RAID/RST mode flag, save and
           | exit BIOS/EFI, continue booting Windows to safe mode, install
           | drivers if they aren't automatically installed by Windows,
           | then reboot to exit safe mode. Apparently safe mode re-
           | initializes the HAL similarly to the first install reboot
           | OOBE mode, but normally HAL doesn't like you doing this in
           | normal boot mode.
           | 
           | https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/22631-enable-ahci-
           | window...
           | 
           | https://www.tenforums.com/drivers-hardware/15006-attn-ssd-
           | ow...
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | _enter the BIOS /EFI, toggle the AHCI/RAID/RST mode flag_
             | 
             | He said (with screenshots) that flag doesn't exist. Maybe
             | he didn't look hard enough for the flag and didn't look
             | hard enough for the driver though. I got a "I don't want to
             | fix my laptop; I want to complain" vibe from the blog post.
        
               | aspenmayer wrote:
               | I suspect that Fast Startup and/or dirty bits on
               | partitions are causing the EFI to disable those modes,
               | and/or secure boot and/or Windows 8/10/11 "optimized
               | settings" checkboxes causing the mode to not display or
               | otherwise not be available, as I allude to in another
               | thread on this post. Dell is not the only offender in
               | this, as I've seen even more locked-down EFIs than Dell's
               | that won't even allow you to disable secure boot.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42543721
        
               | wmf wrote:
               | This is ridiculously confusing!
        
               | aspenmayer wrote:
               | Yes, I would agree! I also agree with you that OP didn't
               | seem to be troubleshooting as much as venting, but from
               | the Reddit thread that someone else posted, OP seems
               | sympathetic and responsive to helpful commenters, so I
               | hope that they see this HN post if they still need it,
               | which was unclear from the Reddit thread.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42543714
        
       | numbsafari wrote:
       | I haven't used a dell computer in over 15 years at this point and
       | I don't miss them even one little bit.
       | 
       | If you want open, buy open. Options exist.
        
         | siltcakes wrote:
         | Do you just use your phone? I can't stand "typing" on it (maybe
         | I'm old). It's literally painful vs my 100+ wpm on a real
         | keyboard.
        
           | E39M5S62 wrote:
           | They specified a brand of computer - I imagine they're just
           | using equipment from another company.
        
         | codr7 wrote:
         | Dell makes crap computers, period.
        
       | calmbonsai wrote:
       | Dell has been crap in the server, "blade", desktop, and laptop
       | space for over 20 years.
       | 
       | They couldn't even get their touch-pads consistent
       | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41992784).
       | 
       | I have very few generic vendor sourcing advice when it comes to
       | computing hardware, but "Nobody ever got fired for NOT buying
       | Dell." is one of them.
       | 
       | Just don't.
        
         | virtualwhys wrote:
         | Counterpoint, running Dell R430 rack server for nearly ten
         | years -- in that time a single SSD in raid 10, 8 disk array,
         | has failed.
         | 
         | Maybe I got lucky?
         | 
         | Similarly, my last three laptops have all been Dell Precision
         | -- only issue until I switched to Intel integrated gpu was
         | Nvidia on Linux (black screens, laptop attempting liftoff due
         | to gpu heating issues) causing periodic grief.
         | 
         | Also, for the author, Dell Precision provides advanced BIOS
         | options out of the box, something that their consumer line of
         | laptops probably doesn't offer.
        
         | bayindirh wrote:
         | Dell's rack servers are one of the rare servers which refused
         | to die under continuous heavy load (HPC).
         | 
         | Their R815s after eliminating the early failures (leading edge
         | of the bathtub curve) just trucked on. I used to run an
         | OpenStack cluster on top of them till last April or so. At the
         | end, either the CPU power regulators died, or their RAID cards
         | just called quits. No other errors after 10+ years of service.
         | 
         | We also have their newer CPU and GPU servers. They just work.
         | Scream occasionally due to high load, but not overheating or
         | dying.
         | 
         | They're built like a tank, from our experience.
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | They also have the MI300A-based servers. I'd love to misuse
           | one as a workstation.
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | Dell's business laptops are pretty solid, as are their tiny
         | form factor PCs. I'd advise against Dell in regards to anything
         | geared towards consumers, but there are many good things in
         | their business offerings.
        
           | codr7 wrote:
           | They look and feel cheap, and I've never come across one that
           | isn't broken.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | Business laptops are designed to last one refresh cycle
             | while not being loved or well cared for. They don't look
             | great, but they keep working.
        
           | hjgjhyuhy wrote:
           | Previous gen Dell laptops at my workplace had issues with
           | expanding batteries. Newer ones don't, but are made from
           | really cheap plastic, and have bad battery life.
           | 
           | I would definitely avoid their laptops and get Thinkpads
           | instead.
        
       | catkitcourt wrote:
       | Maybe consider prevent Intel and RST. They are nightmare out of
       | factory.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | _Normally, you would see this screen that allows you to switch
       | storage modes_
       | 
       | And back when PCs were far more open, good old IDE was always an
       | option too.
       | 
       | Ever since BIOS became EFI, and flash ROMs started getting _much_
       | bigger, it seems they 've not been adding functionality but
       | removing it slowly. The excuse is often "security" ( _against_
       | the user), and  "legacy" (the oldest interfaces are also the most
       | widely understood and stable).
       | 
       | That said, I'd stay away from the "prebuilt" manufacturers like
       | Dell, Lenovo, HP, etc. if you want configurability. They've
       | always had far less options in their BIOS than equivalent
       | offerings from "enthusiast" or "gamer" oriented companies,
       | although in the laptop space it's more difficult to do that.
        
         | JJMcJ wrote:
         | If you're lucky enough to live in an area that still has small
         | computer shops you can also get made to order if you aren't up
         | to making one yourself.
         | 
         | In Silicon Valley you can go to Central Computer, though they
         | aren't a tiny neighborhood shop by any means.
         | 
         | For laptops you might buy a Linux laptop.
        
           | distortedsignal wrote:
           | When you say "made to order" - you're talking about desktops,
           | ya? Not laptops? If there are made to order laptops, I need
           | to see that.
           | 
           | I'm planning on using Central for a PC build in a month or so
           | - definitely going to try to stretch my dollars.
        
             | mattnewton wrote:
             | This used to be a thing- I remember my father excitedly
             | configuring a made-to-order laptop from ZipZoomFly[0] back
             | in the day. I think that the market wasn't kind to them
             | though, the ecosystem about replaceable laptop parts never
             | matured to the point where it was competitive with the
             | proprietary designs, and standards constantly changed
             | because of the form factor' constraints, so the dream of
             | just replacing a single part never materialized.
             | 
             | Closest thing to that dream now is the framework laptop,
             | which does have replaceable parts.
             | 
             | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZipZoomfly]
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | > And back when PCs were far more open, good old IDE was always
         | an option too.
         | 
         | IDE is extremely slow, the connectors occupy a lot of precious
         | space, and it hasn't been used for modern drives for a very,
         | very long time.
         | 
         | If anyone really needs IDE then they should get a USB IDE
         | adapter for their use case.
         | 
         | Faulting motherboard manufacturers for removing ancient
         | connectors is just grasping at straws.
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | I'm referring to the software interface.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | I still hope to some day see Postgres ported to run directly on
         | a RAID controller. EBPF already exists running on NICs but we
         | need more things of that sort. I suppose Synology has a bit of
         | an analog of this in that their NASes can run docker images on
         | their end which makes better use of their gigabit ethernet
         | connection. But that's basically a whole second computer.
        
         | bboygravity wrote:
         | I really really want to want Framework 16 for example.
         | 
         | But 2,5 kg versus 1,8 kg for a Lenovo with way better specs
         | (I'm a traveller, weight is everything)... tough...
        
           | nrp wrote:
           | Framework Laptop 16 without a dGPU is 2.1kg.
        
         | SomeHacker44 wrote:
         | Microcenter's pre built PowerSpec PCs are great. They are all
         | basically OTS components so easy to upgrade, yet get pre built
         | convenience.
        
       | walterbell wrote:
       | _> We are slowly being boiled to the point of no return. We need
       | some kind of consortium for users to represent our interests
       | otherwise in 10 or 20 years we will have very limited choice when
       | it comes to computer technology._
       | 
       | For servers purchased in bulk by hyperscalers, OpenCompute has
       | done a great job of coordinating owner requirements for hardware
       | and firmware delivered by ODMs and silicon vendors in the server
       | supply chain. Founded by Facebook, OCP built on the ethos of
       | whitebox servers at early Google.
       | 
       | To create a similar organization for clients, one would need to
       | pool enough buying power to influence the supply chain for "PC"
       | (x86/Arm) client devices. OCP bypassed Tier 1 OEMs and worked
       | directly with Taiwan ODMs. This worked because hyperscalers could
       | implement custom firmware and do their own support. The closest
       | existing client vendor might be Framework, which has not yet
       | managed open-source firmware. Plus Clevo (coreboot) OEMs.
       | 
       | A possible baby step towards open clients would be an OCP
       | reference design for a "privileged access workstation" that is
       | used exclusively to access security-sensitive administrator web
       | consoles for hyperscaler clouds. Include both a discrete TPM and
       | an open silicon root of trust (OCP MS Caliptra or Google
       | OpenTitan are both open firmware). AMD OpenSIL has promised OSS
       | client firmware by 2026 and AMD mini-PC boards are everywhere.
       | The building blocks are present for a high-integrity reference
       | client with open firmware, under control of the client-owning
       | cloud customer.
       | 
       | With suitable licensing, anyone from Tier1 PC OEMs or small
       | vendors could create custom derivatives of the OCP reference
       | client IF they retain mandatory core properties like open
       | firmware and open silicon RoT. We could intentionally reboot the
       | accidentally-open IBM PC ecosystem, at least for the small niche
       | of secure cloud administration.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.opencompute.org
        
         | jsheard wrote:
         | Although on the subject of hyperscaler hardware and restricted
         | closed ecosystems, AMD EPYC processors have that nice feature
         | which allows OEMs to permanently vendor-lock the processor to
         | their hardware on first boot, so you can't take a chip from a
         | Dell server and stick it in a non-Dell server for example. If
         | you're buying a random surplus EPYC processor you might not
         | even be able to know which vendor it's bound to until you try
         | it.
        
           | walterbell wrote:
           | At some point, EU "circular economy" rules will need to look
           | at secure mechanisms for transfer of decommissioned hardware
           | ownership for sale on secondary markets. This also applies to
           | hyperscaler server recycling, and even old Apple hardware
           | that could be made to work with alternate operating systems.
           | 
           | If AMD EPYC CPU policy is enforced by PSP firmware, then it
           | can be negotiated by customers in a large enough, non-OEM,
           | buying pool.
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | The immediate solution is to not remove the CPU from the
             | motherboard. Sell them as a unit.
        
               | prettyStandard wrote:
               | I agree and I know you're being helpful, but as soon as
               | that's normalized they're going to start locking the ram.
        
       | biando wrote:
       | I consider myself a mediocre geek and a big fan of the look and
       | feel of the DELL Optiplex 7020 SFF. Without diving into too many
       | details, I typically buy around 3-4 of them yearly (i5 CPU, 16 GB
       | RAM, 256 GB disk) and add an additional 1 TB drive. I always
       | replace the OS with Ubuntu.
       | 
       | Do you have any recommendations for an alternative machine? I'm
       | looking for a solid, reliable workhorse that could serve for
       | years. My current DELL setup has never failed or let me down, and
       | I'd like to find something within a similar budget that I can
       | rely on for constant use for years.
        
         | yencabulator wrote:
         | You said SFF -> I recently got a
         | https://store.minisforum.com/products/minisforum-um890pro and
         | it's been great in the small computer category.
        
           | heraldgeezer wrote:
           | The whole point is that used business machines are way
           | cheaper... like 50/60 each maybe 100-120 max.
        
             | yencabulator wrote:
             | Ah, used changes the game. I optimized for compilation
             | speed (in the tiny box category), so a used Dell would not
             | have helped me.
        
               | heraldgeezer wrote:
               | Companies sell these off after just a few years as
               | warranty goes out. You can pick up 2019/2020 machines on
               | ebay. Fast enough for most things.
        
               | yencabulator wrote:
               | There's no such thing as "fast enough" for Rust
               | compilation. I'm putting the AMD CPU, 96 GB RAM, and a
               | fast NVMe all to good use and still have time for a sword
               | fight..
        
         | shwouchk wrote:
         | Im curious, what do you use so many "low power desktop" devices
         | for?
        
         | heraldgeezer wrote:
         | Lenovo Thinkcentre and HP Elitedesk. Same type of small
         | business machines.
        
       | amluto wrote:
       | This issue goes back a long way, and the blame goes to a
       | combination of OEMs and Intel (and AMD) wanting to sell RAID
       | solutions without needing real RAID hardware, and the Intel CPU
       | and chipset teams playing along in ways that they really should
       | not have.
       | 
       | In the AHCI era (and earlier), drives connected to a SATA
       | controller, and there were three ways this could work:
       | 
       | a) The controller was just a controller. Perhaps it appeared as
       | an AHCI device over PCI. No funny business, and the OS could talk
       | to the drive more or less directly via the controller.
       | 
       | b) Hardware, at at least hardware-ish, RAID. A RAID controller
       | speaks SATA to the drives, and the OS speaks some protocol to the
       | controller. It's possible for the protocol to be obnoxious and to
       | require obnoxious drivers and/or management software, but at
       | least it makes sense.
       | 
       | c) Software "RAID" that pretends to be hardware. The CPU really
       | does speak AHCI to the drive, but the vendor has decided to make
       | it pretend to be a high end vendor thing and to integrate it with
       | BIOS. But this is a mess, since the controller really is AHCI. So
       | some hack is done to prevent the OS's native driver from noticing
       | the AHCI devices and instead let a (generally very bad) vendor
       | "driver" that is actually a full RAID stack claim the devices.
       | This could be as simple as firmware asking the AHCI controller
       | not to report AHCI compatibility. Intel has also enabled this
       | through multiple generations of disgusting kludges.
       | 
       | Enter NVMe. Unlike SATA, there is no controller. NVMe drives are
       | PCIe devices. So the choices are different:
       | 
       | a) Vendor does nothing except boot support. NVMe drives show up
       | on PCIe just like anything else would.
       | 
       | b) Vendor has an actual RAID controller. It's a device that
       | speaks PCIe to the NVMe devices and, itself, acts as an NVMe (or
       | AHCI) device as seen by the OS. This could work fine, but it's
       | unlikely to be as fast as the drives themselves (NVMe is fast).
       | 
       | c) A truly atrocious hack, again enabled by Intel, in which
       | firmware can ask the Intel PCIe hardware to straight up lie to
       | the OS about what devices are connected. The hardware will try to
       | identify NVMe drives that it's supposed to hide (which is itself
       | a mess -- these drives are all actually just PCIe devices, and
       | there is no reliable way in general to figure out which devices
       | are supposed to be hidden). Then some magic "RAID" driver will do
       | some other kludge to talk to the NVMe devices behind the OS's
       | back and pretend to be a disk itself. Of course it works poorly.
       | 
       | In any case, I wonder if the OP's machine is actually an example
       | of (b), where the NVMe drives, presumably connected to a fancy
       | backplane, are genuinely connected via PCIe to an actual RAID
       | controller, not the CPU or chipset. If so, a firmware option for
       | "native NVMe" would make no sense, and the actual correct
       | solution is for the OP to arrange for the Windows installer to
       | use the right driver. This has been officially supported, usually
       | in some annoying way, since at least Windows NT 4.0 and probably
       | for quite a bit longer.
        
         | krinchan wrote:
         | The article pretty clearly lays out it's at least functionally
         | B. The problem is Dell doesn't publish the drivers necessary
         | for the Windows installer on it's website. You can only
         | reinstall windows from the recovery partition or via online
         | download via an EFI program, similar to Apple Recovery's online
         | re-installation. Those install methods include all the Dell
         | bloatware and telemetry settings cranked up to 11.
        
       | Avlin67 wrote:
       | AHCI with typo... oh boy
        
       | detourdog wrote:
       | This is only true for very sophisticated computing. From my point
       | of view general purpose computing is alive and and every bit as
       | free as the good old days. The only barriers are points of view.
       | 
       | Here is just one example of computing that has no limits on
       | problem solving. The only limits are scale and what good is scale
       | anyway. Problems solved at scale are too general and over complex
       | for most individuals problems.
       | 
       | https://hackaday.com/2019/09/09/everything-you-wanted-to-kno...
        
         | heraldgeezer wrote:
         | >This is only true for very sophisticated computing
         | 
         | Like a bog-standard Dell??
        
           | detourdog wrote:
           | Not familiar with bog-standards. The form-factor and
           | footprint of most desktop computers is simple inertia of the
           | current tooling and mindset.
        
       | heraldgeezer wrote:
       | Reddit sysadmin sub discussing this
       | 
       | https://old.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/1hp3sst/pc_hardwa...
        
       | 999900000999 wrote:
       | Blame Microsoft.
       | 
       | Across multiple laptops the Win 11 iso doesn't have Wifi drivers.
       | And since we're in hell, you can't finish the setup process and
       | actually use your computer without an Internet connection. Since
       | then you'd be able to run an installer for the WiFi drivers.
       | 
       | Luckily you can use an Android phone to create an Internet bridge
       | which will allow you to proceed.
       | 
       | However, The OEMs will automatically install CrapWare( we should
       | start calling it this) even on vanilla Windows installs.
       | 
       | Compared to my last few CachyOS installs where everything just
       | works out of the box. I don't need to provide my email address to
       | use my computer.
       | 
       | Honestly as long as I can disable secureboot and install Linux
       | it's ok. The moment I can't do this I'll be using legacy hardware
       | ( or import a laptop from the EU where this is banned).
       | 
       | Edit: Hopefully the EU will make secure boot an option we can
       | disable...
       | 
       | To be fair normal people don't care. My friend needed a new
       | laptop, and since she's not too worried about the latest specs I
       | just picked up what I could find at target for 300$. She is never
       | going to reinstall. When Windows messes itself up in a year or
       | two she'll probably just buy another 300$ laptop.
        
         | nrp wrote:
         | We've taken to recommending Rufus in our setup guides rather
         | than the Windows installation media tool due to the lack of
         | recent Wi-Fi drivers in vanilla Windows.
        
         | LtWorf wrote:
         | Good thing that now the regular debian image includes non free
         | firmwares so wifi cards work during the setup!
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | _However, The OEMs will automatically install CrapWare( we
         | should start calling it this) even on vanilla Windows
         | installs._
         | 
         | MS itself started doing that in Win10.
        
         | gnopgnip wrote:
         | You can finish win 11 setup without internet by pressing shift
         | f10 and entering OOBE\BYPASSNRO, it will reboot, then select
         | continue without internet.
        
       | Sparkyte wrote:
       | Everyone wants to be the next Apple.
        
       | bpye wrote:
       | You could probably export the drivers from the OEM media and then
       | use those with stock install media [0].
       | 
       | [0] - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-
       | us/powershell/module/dism/exp...
        
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