[HN Gopher] I was wrong about the ethics crisis
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       I was wrong about the ethics crisis
        
       Author : bikenaga
       Score  : 190 points
       Date   : 2024-12-29 16:23 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (cacm.acm.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (cacm.acm.org)
        
       | kelseyfrog wrote:
       | Our intelligence agencies have long recognized that individuals
       | burdened by debt are vulnerable to coercion and manipulation.
       | It's time we acknowledge that the H1-B visa program creates a
       | similar dynamic. The program's restrictive rules effectively hang
       | over visa holders like the sword of Damocles, leaving them
       | perpetually at risk and easily controlled.
       | 
       | We've already seen how Twitter, under Musk's leadership, has
       | exploited this system to erode user protections in favor of
       | appeasing his ego. When such moral compromises are normalized at
       | the top, their effects inevitably cascade downward, influencing
       | broader organizational norms and behaviors.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | > It's time we acknowledge that the H1-B visa program creates a
         | similar dynamic. The program's restrictive rules effectively
         | hang over visa holders like the sword of Damocles, leaving them
         | perpetually at risk and easily controlled.
         | 
         | This is why I went through the pain and cost of sponsoring my
         | own O1 and later EB instead of relying on an employer or
         | spousal visa. You just cannot be a full participant with
         | someone who can get you kicked out of the country on 10 day
         | notice.
        
         | Simon_O_Rourke wrote:
         | > leaving them perpetually at risk and easily controlled.
         | 
         | I'd use a stronger term here, for some more nefarious companies
         | can both exploit and abuse employees on a H1b visa limitation.
         | Now go work 60 hour weeks for less than your peers!!
        
           | kelseyfrog wrote:
           | I worked it back from stronger language originally in the
           | hope that it would be more easily palatable. I completely
           | agree with your point
        
         | abduhl wrote:
         | What is the relationship between this blog post and the H1-B
         | visa program? And are you saying that Twitter has exploited the
         | H-1B program to erode user protections?
         | 
         | It seems like you're just trying to shoehorn some kind of
         | unrelated anti-Musk sentiment into a discussion that has
         | nothing to do with H-1B visas or Elon Musk?
        
           | swiftcoder wrote:
           | No, they (and every other BigTech) exploit it to erode
           | _worker_ protections.
           | 
           | Which in turn contributes to eroding user protections, since
           | unprotected workers aren't really in a position to put up a
           | fight when management tells them to do something unethical.
        
         | ralfd wrote:
         | What ,,user protections" were eroded at Twitter/X? Or do you
         | just mean it became less woke?
        
           | rrix2 wrote:
           | just yesterday the owner of twitter was getting his employees
           | to delete the accounts of posts he disagreed with
        
             | lazyeye wrote:
             | What do you mean?
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | Pretending to be ignorant doesn't change the facts,
               | reinforce your point, or bolster your ridiculous argument
               | that Musk supports free speech. You couldn't possibly be
               | more wrong, and pretending to be ignorant doesn't make
               | you right.
               | 
               | You have access to the same internet everyone else does.
               | Look it up yourself instead of trying to argue with
               | people who are paying attention and put in the time to be
               | informed.
               | 
               | https://www.axios.com/2024/12/27/musk-x-loomer-h1b-maga-
               | veri...
               | 
               | MAGA vs. Musk: Right-wing critics allege censorship, loss
               | of X badges.
               | 
               | A handful of conservative critics of Elon Musk are
               | alleging censorship and claiming they were stripped of
               | their verification badges on X after challenging his
               | views on H-1B visas for highly skilled foreign workers.
        
               | WillPostForFood wrote:
               | You want to go on the record support Laura Loomer as a
               | credible source? Nothing in the article about account
               | deletions, and nothing but one notorior crank claiming,
               | without evidence, they are being censored.
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | Laura Loomer's credibility isn't the issue. It's already
               | quite well established and non-debatable that despite
               | hypocritically gaslighting and declaring himself a "Free
               | Speech Absolutist", that he is so thin-skinned and anti-
               | free-speech that he shadowbans, demonetizes, and kicks
               | off many many people he doesn't agree with, and promotes
               | and amplifies the White Supremacists and Nazis and
               | racists he does agree with, and he doesn't support
               | anyone's free speech except his own.
               | 
               | The thing about him censoring Laura Loomer only
               | illustrates what a ridiculous point it's gotten to. It's
               | not his censorship and anti-free-speech she's complaining
               | about, it's that it's now to a point that it finally
               | applies to her. She's not against leopards eating
               | people's faces, she's just against leopards eating HER
               | face.
               | 
               | If you still believe Elon Musk supports free speech
               | because you're skeptical of Laura Loomer, you're just as
               | gullible and ignorant and dishonest and unethical as she
               | is.
               | 
               | Of course, just like Musk and Loomer, you're not even
               | arguing in good faith, since your own words prove you
               | obviously didn't read the article. You said "Nothing in
               | the article about account deletions, and nothing but one
               | notorior crank claiming, without evidence, they are being
               | censored.", but right up at the top the article clearly
               | states that THREE people were complaining, and he's
               | deleted or threatened to delete the accounts of several
               | other people and organizations:
               | 
               | >Driving the news: Trump's conspiracy-minded ally Laura
               | Loomer, New York Young Republican Club president Gavin
               | Wax and InfoWars host Owen Shroyer _all said_ their
               | verification badges disappeared after they criticized
               | Musk 's support for H-1B visas, railed against Indian
               | culture and attacked Ramaswamy, Musk's DOGE co-chair.
               | 
               | And also:
               | 
               | >He threatened to reassign NPR's account handle last year
               | and marked some links to the site as "unsafe" when users
               | click through.
               | 
               | >Musk also removed the verification badge of The New York
               | Times in 2023.
               | 
               | >X also suspended independent journalist Ken
               | Klippenstein's account after he shared Sen. JD Vance's
               | vetting document from the alleged Iranian hack of Trump's
               | campaign.
               | 
               | And as someone who's not arguing in good faith, you know
               | very well it's absolutely true Elon Musk doesn't support
               | free speech, and the list of people and organizations
               | he's banned or demonetized because he doesn't approve of
               | THEIR free speech goes on and on, and there's nowhere
               | near enough room in a typical article or attention span
               | in a typical reader to list them all. You have a lot of
               | nerve to be that blatantly dishonest in a discussion
               | about ethics.
               | 
               | But you're so intellectually lazy, you didn't even read
               | the article you're facetiously pretending to have read,
               | so don't demand other people write and read exhaustive 50
               | page well researched detailed articles enumerating every
               | fact and scrap of evidence for you, if you're too lazy to
               | read a one page article yourself. Because you risk
               | embarrassing yourself again by having your own words and
               | the article's words quoted back to you in juxtaposition.
        
               | metabagel wrote:
               | She's not the only one reporting loss of blue check
               | status, subscribers, and ability to monetize her account.
        
             | warkdarrior wrote:
             | How is that unethical? X is Musk's toy to do with as he
             | pleases. You as a user of X need to understand that he has
             | absolutely no responsibility to you as a user.
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | Any time there are consequences to actions, the matter of
               | ethics arises. The very act of making decisions that have
               | consequences demands responsibility. This is the reality
               | of being human.
               | 
               | Whether you or anyone else organize consequences as
               | meaningful or not is a moral abdication. The first thing
               | an immoral person does is justifying the consequences of
               | their actions as inconsequential. This happens to such a
               | degree that doing so is a signal of immorality.
               | Immorality doesn't look like choosing evil, it looks like
               | choosing inconsequentialism.
        
               | Uehreka wrote:
               | (Regina George voice) So you agree? There are no "user
               | protections" on X?
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > How is that unethical? X is Musk's toy to do with as he
               | pleases.
               | 
               | I offer that that rights aren't ethics. Musk has a
               | reasonable right to censor speech on his platform that he
               | doesn't agree with.
               | 
               | However, when someone establishes themselves as a free
               | speech absolutist, it is arguably unethical for them to
               | remove, suppress and continually work to eliminate speech
               | they disagree with.
        
               | metabagel wrote:
               | Your statement is basically "might makes right", which is
               | antithetical to ethics.
        
             | StanislavPetrov wrote:
             | I'm no fan of Musk but this is has been standard practice
             | at Twitter since it was founded. They are just using
             | slightly different "standards" to decide who to
             | delete/suppress/shadowban.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | you can't be that naive... he bought it apparently for
               | "free speech reasons" which he repeats every chance he
               | gets (even on the same day he is silencing his critics).
               | Xi Jinping is more for free speech than Elon is :)
        
               | metabagel wrote:
               | Moderation isn't censorship.
               | 
               | The previous site was pretty well moderated. The current
               | site is pretty awful, and the site owner is capricious
               | about meting out punishment to those who offend him. It's
               | all personal, whereas before it was based on moderation
               | policy.
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | what hypocrisy!
             | 
             | it's like my alcoholic doctor telling me I need to cut my
             | drinking: his advice may be sound, but it's rich coming
             | from him.
             | 
             | I'm referring to the people who denied or did not decry the
             | previous twitter administration deleting huge volumes of
             | tweets they didn't like, the people who now populate
             | bluesky and the fediverse they themselves are quite open
             | about saying, because it's a cozy little echo chamber world
             | where the people who disagree are erased from their view
        
               | wrs wrote:
               | The previous Twitter administration was quite open about
               | the censorship they were doing and the reasons they did
               | it. You may not like the result, but at least they
               | _tried_ to deal with their inherent conflict of interest
               | (commerce vs. societal good) in a thoughtful way. The
               | current one, on the other hand, constantly trumpets its
               | free-speech absolutism while Elon tells the staff to
               | delete whatever he wants whenever he wakes up in a bad
               | mood, and artificially boost his own trolling.
        
               | metabagel wrote:
               | Moderation isn't censorship. Many comments are "killed"
               | on this very website. You can see them with the "show
               | dead" option.
        
         | chaps wrote:
         | Around the time I was born, my dad was in the army and was
         | taught in an intelligence class that "financial problems" is
         | one of the most exploitable facets of a person by nation
         | states. I don't really know much about his work, but it sounded
         | like his role was particularly at-risk from nation states
         | trying to pull information from him.
         | 
         | What's interesting though is that around that time we basically
         | had no money and support from the military! We lived in a
         | roach-infested home and barely had money for groceries! It
         | absolutely blows me away that my family could barely support
         | itself considering the known-and-taught risks of such a
         | situation.
         | 
         | When he told me about that I asked him why they didn't pay the
         | family more, considering the risks. He hadn't considered it
         | even once before that conversation.
        
         | lazyeye wrote:
         | Couldn't disagree more about Elon. I'm just glad there was
         | someone able to open up free speech again on a social media
         | platform and reveal for all to see the level of censorship (by
         | surrogacy) by the govt.I think we might be in a very dark place
         | indeed if this level of govt corruption was allowed to persist
         | for even a few more years.
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | What a terribly unfortunate time for you to foolishly choose
           | to die on that particular of hill trying to defend Elon
           | Musk's dedication to free speech. It says as much about your
           | lack of situational awareness and tenuous grasp of reality
           | and current events, as it does about Elon Musk's thin skinned
           | hypocrisy and contempt for the free speech of anyone but
           | himself.
           | 
           | https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/elon-musk-
           | accused-...
           | 
           | >Elon Musk accused of censoring conservatives on X who
           | disagree with him about immigration. The claims came after
           | Elon Musk was involved in a public feud with some Republicans
           | over immigration.
        
           | trallnag wrote:
           | Image boards like 4chan are quite free, even without Elon
        
           | webdoodle wrote:
           | > I'm just glad there was someone able to open up free speech
           | again on a social media platform
           | 
           | It ain't free if someone can buy it.
        
           | bilbo0s wrote:
           | Huh?
           | 
           | There is still censorship by surrogacy. It's just that now
           | they censor things you don't like being said, so you don't
           | mind as much. For you it's not a problem as long as the
           | people being censored have a world view or narrative contrary
           | to your own. But that's not the same as being a free speech
           | supporter.
           | 
           | That's being a supporter of free speech for you. Not for
           | anyone else.
        
         | eh_why_not wrote:
         | _> It 's time we acknowledge that the H1-B visa program creates
         | a similar dynamic....leaving them perpetually at risk and
         | easily controlled._
         | 
         | By associating this to the subject of the post, are you
         | implying that the perpetrators of unethical tech in the U.S.
         | are mainly foreign workers, and not "homegrown" citizens?
        
           | kelseyfrog wrote:
           | No, to interpret it in a way that suggests that's it's mainly
           | foreign workers would be extrapolating beyond what I said. I
           | believe the worker-employee dynamic is fundamentally
           | unbalanced[1] in favor of employer leverage over employees. I
           | simply believe that this same dynamic is exaggerated when it
           | comes to H1-B workers. It's simply easier to examine a social
           | relation when it's more apparent.
           | 
           | 1. Workers' choice of employment does not come close to
           | ameliorating the disadvantage. Every argument against this is
           | a coping mechanism.
        
             | eh_why_not wrote:
             | Thanks for clarifying.
        
       | vunderba wrote:
       | From the article:
       | 
       | > _But I have yet, until now, to point at the elephant in the
       | room and ask whether it is ethical to work for Big Tech, taking
       | all of the above into consideration._
       | 
       | People often highlight "boycotting" as the most effective action
       | an individual can take to drive change, but for those who work in
       | tech, the most powerful message you can send is _denying your
       | labor_.
       | 
       | To me, this isn't even about whether "Big Tech" companies are
       | ethical; it's a matter of ideological principle. FAANG companies
       | already wield far too much power, and I refuse to contribute to
       | that imbalance.
        
         | parpfish wrote:
         | Wouldnt it be even more effective to take a job there and
         | provide them half assed labor?
        
           | baobun wrote:
           | No.
           | 
           | How do you think we got here?
           | 
           | Turns out network effect can compensate for a lot of
           | incompetence and lethargy. Many (most?) big tech engineers
           | are likely already cruising.
           | 
           | Try do something you actually believe is good instead of
           | coping by telling yourself you are intentionally failing to
           | do something bad.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | I would consider that unethical, and would not do it.
           | 
           | For many reasons, I live a life of extremely rigorous
           | personal ethics.
           | 
           | I don't insist that others do the same, but I do need to
           | protect myself from others that assume my ethical stance to
           | be weakness.
           | 
           | For example; I make it a point to always keep my word.
           | 
           | Unethical folks that know this of me, are _constantly_ trying
           | to get me to make commitments, without divulging the costs to
           | me, or the boundaries of said commitments.
           | 
           | It's my responsibility to make sure that I have full
           | disclosure, before making a commitment.
           | 
           | Many people become quite jaded and misanthropic, when faced
           | with this. I tend to find it amusing, watching people try
           | weaseling out of giving full information. Often, these
           | efforts tell me more about things, than full disclosure up
           | front will.
           | 
           | I like people, and can call some really rapacious bastards
           | friend. My ethical stance is truly entirely personal, and I
           | have worked closely, with some spectacularly flawed people.
           | 
           | Scott Adams _(He Whose Name Has Been Struck From The Lists)_
           | wrote an extremely cynical book, called _The Way of the
           | Weasel_ , which is downright prescient.
        
           | gryn wrote:
           | -100x engineer. straight from the field CIA manual for
           | sabotage PDF.
        
             | spencerflem wrote:
             | that's different from half-assing though
        
         | leeoniya wrote:
         | > denying your labor.
         | 
         | that's still boycotting. but it needs to be active rather than
         | passive to send a message. not applying for work is not enough,
         | you have to decline at offer stage on stated principles. i dont
         | think most would go through that effort.
         | 
         | only the highest level individuals who Big Tech tries to poach
         | can do this without much time invesment because they
         | effectively have offers at first contact.
        
           | swiftcoder wrote:
           | I don't think anyone is obligated to go through the entire
           | interview process just so they can decline the offer.
           | 
           | Yes, you'd waste a few hours of some expensive engineers'
           | time, and more hours of relatively cheap recruiter time - but
           | sending the recruiter a big ol' fuck you on first contact
           | gets the message across just fine.
        
             | leeoniya wrote:
             | not sure if recruiters will give a shit. they cast really
             | wide, low-effort nets. until you get to offer stage you're
             | a nobody, and to get to offer you usually have to expend
             | non-trival time/effort.
        
               | pera wrote:
               | You'd be surprised: Next time a recruiter from some big
               | tech corp sends you an e-mail try explaining why you
               | don't want to join them.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | I've had a recruiter try to convince me that working for
               | Facebook isn't all that bad.
               | 
               | But I'm not sure how much of this sentiment that they
               | hear from people is actually routed to the companies
               | themselves.
        
         | tensor wrote:
         | I don't think any of these things ultimately work. There will
         | always be someone who will take the money or the deal.
         | Advocating for regulation is the most effective way forward.
         | But probably the first thing to advocate for is some notion of
         | "equal speech," not just "free speech," otherwise it will be
         | very hard to get any new regulation passed.
         | 
         | By equal speech I mean that people should have equal
         | opportunity to be heard and pitch ideas when it comes to
         | political advocacy. If the rich can send a million messages for
         | every one of yours, no one will ever hear or listen to you.
        
           | simoncion wrote:
           | > There will always be someone who will take the money or the
           | deal.
           | 
           | And even if there wasn't, that'd give them even MORE ammo to
           | go screaming for easier access to H-1B and similar such
           | imported labor.
        
         | pera wrote:
         | I agree. This is what I have been doing:
         | 
         | - Respond with a template explaining why I don't want to work
         | for Google|Amazon|Meta|Microsoft|Apple
         | 
         | - Include information of some tech unions the recruiter could
         | join and give reasons to do so
         | 
         | - Talk to colleagues about concerns and what can we do to
         | mitigate current power imbalances
         | 
         | - Talk to family and friends about the industry, its impact on
         | society, and provide help if they would like to try alternative
         | technologies
        
       | Gimpei wrote:
       | I dunno. I'm kind of with the sentiment in his original column,
       | or at least how he paraphrased it. I think it's naive to believe
       | that you can bring about any real change in tech through moral
       | suasion alone. The monetary payoffs are too large and there are
       | too many people who will work for them no matter what. If you
       | want to change some behavior that you find immoral, your best bet
       | is to organize politically and pass laws.
        
         | swiftcoder wrote:
         | > there are too many people who will work for them no matter
         | what
         | 
         | BigTech was already struggling to hire the caliber of engineers
         | they needed when I worked there (and I left 5 years ago), and a
         | fair number of the best candidates were refusing on ethical
         | grounds (in that era, mostly around Cambridge Analytic and
         | Facebook's involvement in Myanmar, but also due to concerns
         | about blatant marketing to teens).
         | 
         | I don't think it's a given that these companies can maintain a
         | staff of thousands of top-tier engineers as they sink
         | themselves ever deeper into the various ethical quagmires.
        
         | epgui wrote:
         | I think you totally misunderstand what he is saying.
         | 
         | You can't make people do things with ethics. That's not what
         | ethics is for, and that's not what he is talking about.
        
       | zitterbewegung wrote:
       | The person is arguing whether it is good or bad to work for Big
       | Tech. I wouldn't hate the players when you really should hate the
       | game. Most of the populace is largely unaware of surveillance or
       | why they are using products that have a negative influence.
       | Stopping to work for Big Tech does not change this lack of
       | education. Advocating that privacy should be respected or even
       | supporting laws that would regulate large technology companies
       | has been attempted to be implemented by the ACLU and EFF, but it
       | isn't really practical when you can hire lobbyists for around $1
       | million dollars, which you can use to get passed nearly anything
       | you want. Also, Big Tech may need fewer people to achieve its
       | goals, so I think this post is too little and too late.
        
         | swiftcoder wrote:
         | > Also, Big Tech may need fewer people to achieve its goals
         | 
         | Someone has drunk the ChatGPT-will-replace-$500,000-engineers
         | koolaid, I see
        
       | ivjw wrote:
       | I agree with the author that questions of ethics are social
       | optimization problems.
       | 
       | > We must balance optimizing for oneself with optimizing for
       | others
       | 
       | Yet if each person would optimize for themself, then the
       | balancing is automatically taken care of. The invisible hand is
       | even more free and dexterous on the social scale than the
       | economic.
       | 
       | > the belief in the magical power of the free market always to
       | serve the public good has no theoretical basis. In fact, our
       | current climate crisis is a demonstrated market failure.
       | 
       | The power of the free market is at least as theoretically and
       | empirically sound as the climate crisis.
        
         | epgui wrote:
         | I think this is naive, because a flaw of such free market
         | thinking is its failure to price in externalities. That's what
         | the relationship with the climate crisis link was about.
        
           | ivjw wrote:
           | How is the environment, which is directly of concern to the
           | primary economic sector, and to the entire economic
           | enterprise in the long run, an externality?
        
             | epgui wrote:
             | It's actually the classic textbook example.
             | 
             | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/externality.asp
        
               | ivjw wrote:
               | Unless you are studying an a priori science, textbook
               | examples are pedagogical simplifications. Yes, the cost
               | of environmental pollution is paid neither by factories
               | nor their customers, yet both suffer the consequences,
               | and as such are not "uninvolved" with the third party, as
               | the definition goes.
        
         | machinestops wrote:
         | The problem with optimising exclusively for oneself is that you
         | definitionally optimise at the expense of others. Gaps are
         | easily widened, and your balancing idea falls apart when the
         | scales are tipped from the start.
        
           | ivjw wrote:
           | It is not as simple as "my profit" vs. "others' expense". The
           | elegance of the invisible hand theory is that it also
           | accounts for the cases where others' expense is my expense
           | and others' benefit is my benefit just as well as the others.
           | 
           | The scales sure can be tipped on the individual level, but
           | you are only considering the "one individual vs. one
           | individual" case. Many cliques of extreme power have been
           | taken down by the weaker majority, which is also one of the
           | processes contributing to the collapse of monopolies.
        
             | machinestops wrote:
             | No, it isn't, which is why I added "definitionally". Let's
             | say we have a limited resource, X, that is beneficial to
             | hold, and it is more beneficial to hold more of it. As it
             | is limited, acquiring necessarily means depriving another
             | of it. Assuming one has the means to acquire more without
             | impacting oneself negatively, in which situation (taking
             | optimising for oneself as a maxim) you not seek to acquire
             | more?
        
               | ivjw wrote:
               | None, but that's exactly the point. _Everyone_ would like
               | to have more of it.
               | 
               | This is a unifaceted way of posing problems, often also
               | done with monopolization.
        
               | machinestops wrote:
               | Precisely. As of such, those with increased capacity for
               | access will deprive access to others. No balance of care
               | forms. Your recommended ethic is what Kant wished to
               | address with his categorical imperative.
               | 
               | Of course this is a unifaceted way of posing a problem:
               | it's a model, given we're dealing with philosophical
               | ideas. I should hope that I needn't provide examples for
               | the model, given the state of the world at present won't
               | let you swing a cat without hitting one.
        
               | ivjw wrote:
               | You need not. It's evident to any reader that some models
               | can take more into account without overloading, including
               | the "access" variable you introduced ex post facto.
               | 
               | What I suggested is an instance of Kant's categorical
               | imperative: "Act by the maxim whereby you can at once
               | will that it should become a universal law." The maxim in
               | this case being "optimize for your own benefit."
        
       | uikoleawrfgolmp wrote:
       | > Is Big Tech supporting the public good, and if not, what should
       | Big Tech workers do about it?
       | 
       | The problem is not if Big Tech does support or does not support
       | something. The problem is they have any opinion at all! The pitch
       | is they are "platforms" and "arbiters" who decide like highest
       | court. They should not have any opinions at all!
       | 
       | All this oligopoly needs to be dissolved!
        
       | Townley wrote:
       | > All of us must navigate the trade-off between "me" and "we." A
       | famous Talmudic quote states: "If I am not for myself, who will
       | be for me? If I am only for myself, what am I?" We must balance
       | optimizing for oneself with optimizing for others, including the
       | public good... To take an extreme example, Big Tobacco surely
       | does not support the public good, and most of us would agree that
       | it is unethical to work for Big Tobacco. The question, thus, is
       | whether Big Tech is supporting the public good, and if not, what
       | should Big Tech workers do about it.
       | 
       | The duty to align your professional life ethically scales with
       | your ability to do so. I personally don't cast aspersions on
       | anyone working in tobacco farms or in a gas station selling
       | cigarettes; they're just trying to get by. But if you're one or
       | two levels up Maslow's Pyramid, it's right to weigh your personal
       | needs against the impact of your work. You'll also be better off
       | for it, knowing that the world would be worse off if you decided
       | to switch gears and become a carpenter/baker/bartender/choose
       | your adventure.
       | 
       | I'll also say: there are ways to contribute morally outside of
       | your 9-5. Volunteer to teach a neighborhood kid to code. Show
       | your local sandwich shop how to set their hours online, or maybe
       | even build them a cookie cutter Squarespace site. Donate a small
       | fraction of your salary (eg 0.5% local, 0.5% global) to causes
       | you believe in, and scale up over the years.
        
         | equestria wrote:
         | That last part makes me a bit nervous. It's dangerously close
         | to the EA belief that it's actually OK to be a ruthless exec
         | for a tobacco company, because you can do good things with your
         | money that you wouldn't be able to do if you quit the job.
         | 
         | I don't think that's the point you're making, but it's good to
         | be careful with that. You can do good after hours, but it
         | doesn't absolve you from what you're doing 9-to-5.
         | 
         | As to your first point: yes, but it's all relative. Most tech
         | workers are "trying to get by" in their minds. Just look at the
         | SFBA rents and the PG&E bills! And wait until you hear about
         | their college loans... most people in the top 1% don't think
         | about themselves as the top 1%.
         | 
         | In the end, making good decisions often requires sacrifice,
         | pretty much no matter how much you make. And we often find ways
         | to rationalize why it's not the right time for that.
        
           | adamtaylor_13 wrote:
           | But if you won't be the big tabacco exec, someone else will.
           | 
           | So I actually agree with the notion that being the big
           | tabacco exec and doing good things with your money, plus
           | helping steer things from the inside is a better proposition
           | than becoming a baker and letting someone who has NO moral
           | qualms with tabacco run the ship.
           | 
           | It's rarely as effective to push change from the outside as
           | it is the inside.
        
             | Ar-Curunir wrote:
             | "If I don't work with the Nazis, someone else will, so I
             | should be a good Nazi"
        
               | marky1991 wrote:
               | What would be the alternative in this hypothetical be?
               | I'm not clear what the argument here really is.
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | Are there any social norms that allows immoral CEOs to
               | exist? What incubates an immoral CEO?
        
               | labster wrote:
               | Honestly a better question would be if there are any
               | social norms that allow for a moral CEO to exist? Pretty
               | much all of our norms are tilted towards producing
               | immoral executives.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Unless you are suggesting selling tobacco is as unethical
               | as torturing and murdering people of different tribes for
               | the sake of them being in different tribes, I do not see
               | what your point could be.
               | 
               | Should people simply never be able to sell or consume
               | tobacco? Even if one's consumption of tobacco does not
               | negatively affect anyone else?
        
               | rNULLED wrote:
               | Nazis were political leaders. So yes, you should try to
               | be a good political leader to prevent the growth in power
               | of bad ones.
        
               | davidgay wrote:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Canaris
        
               | adamtaylor_13 wrote:
               | "If I don't work for the Nazi's they will kill my family,
               | so I will work for the Nazi's"
               | 
               | There, I fixed your uninspired and incorrect anecdote.
               | 
               | Big tobacco execs are quite literally killing absolutely
               | no one. Last I checked they aren't sticking cigarettes in
               | anyone's mouth. Personal responsibility for your own
               | actions is unfortunately lacking in many discussions
               | surrounding things like this.
        
             | WD-42 wrote:
             | I think the idea is that if all good people refuse to
             | become a tobacco exec the pool of people willing to take
             | the job will be small and full of bad people, eventually
             | they will run the business into the ground and the problem
             | solves itself. How well this works in practice is
             | debatable.
        
             | moolcool wrote:
             | > But if you won't be the big tabacco exec, someone else
             | will.
             | 
             | In the public discourse, you'll often see CEOs and founders
             | lauded as incredibly brilliant and rare. As soon as you
             | start to talk about ethics though, they're suddenly
             | fungible. "Someone else would run the orphan crushing
             | factory if not for me"
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >It's dangerously close to the EA belief that it's actually
           | OK to be a ruthless exec for a tobacco company, because you
           | can do good things with your money that you wouldn't be able
           | to do if you quit the job.
           | 
           | You're saying this as if it's a given, but why wouldn't this
           | work?
        
             | Hasu wrote:
             | For the same reason people don't think it's OK to rob a
             | bank and donate the money to charity.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | That analogy fails because robbing a bank is
               | straightforwardly illegal and norm-breaking (by the
               | majority of the population), whereas being a tobacco
               | executive isn't.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | Unethical behavior not being treated as norm-breaking
               | unless its illegal is part of what's being criticized
               | here, I think.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Not if you ask the younger generation
        
               | worik wrote:
               | > For the same reason people don't think it's OK to rob a
               | bank and donate the money to charity.
               | 
               | I have a problem with violence...
        
             | Avicebron wrote:
             | Because it's sociopathic at its core, I don't have time to
             | pull up the HN back and forth where it was debated during
             | the FTX stuff
             | 
             | but basically it comes across as, "I am willing to
             | sacrifice others (but not myself) to achieve my goals
             | because I know better."
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >but basically it comes across as, "I am willing to
               | sacrifice others (but not myself) to achieve my goals
               | because I know better."
               | 
               | Since money is fungible but finite, basically any sort of
               | donation decision involves sacrificing someone. Donating
               | to fund malaria nets when you'd otherwise have funded
               | your local little league team means you're in effect,
               | sacrificing the local little league team. Moreover, by
               | donating their own money, they're by definition
               | "sacrificing myself".
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | This line of thinking (and EA in general) taken to its
               | logical conclusion results in stuff like LW's famous
               | "moral dilemma" about torturing someone for 50 years
               | being justifiable if it prevents sufficiently many people
               | from the discomfort of having a speck in their eye.
        
             | CobrastanJorji wrote:
             | Because enabling evil on a large scale to pay for doing
             | good on a small scale doesn't achieve net good.
        
             | jefftk wrote:
             | It wouldn't work because being a tobacco exec is just
             | _really_ harmful: https://80000hours.org/2016/01/just-how-
             | bad-is-being-a-ceo-i...
             | 
             | Anyone who could do that job has many far better ways they
             | could apply their career.
        
           | Avicebron wrote:
           | > But if you're one or two levels up Maslow's Pyramid, it's
           | right to weigh your personal needs against the impact of your
           | work. You'll also be better off for it, knowing that <b>the
           | world would be worse off if you decided to switch gears</b>
           | and become a carpenter/baker/bartender/choose your adventure.
           | 
           | To highlight this part of the original in support of this
           | comment. This comes of as somewhat arrogant and is a pretty
           | big red flag...
        
             | dvdkon wrote:
             | If you've changed your career to support some goal, here
             | the public good, isn't it natural to be strongly convinced
             | that your work is advancing that goal?
        
           | ajkjk wrote:
           | What confuses me is how many people are evidently in the job
           | of "ruthless exec" and then they do it amorally. I can't
           | think of any time in my life that I've seen an exec say: no,
           | we could do that, but we shouldn't because it's wrong. No
           | doubt because anyone who acts that way gets naturally-
           | selected out of the job.
           | 
           | But also there seems to be a pervasive belief, which if
           | anything feels way strong than it was when I was younger
           | (maybe because the moral-majority christian-nation vibes have
           | fully disappeared, in the US at least? sure, it was always
           | fairly hollow, but at least it was a thing at all), that a
           | business leader is not _supposed_ to do moral things, because
           | it 's not their job description; their job truly is "increase
           | shareholder value on a 6-12 month timescale", and if they try
           | to do something different they are judged negatively!
           | 
           | So maybe there is in theory good to be done by being an exec
           | and being more moral than average (maybe not a tobacco exec,
           | but, say, in tech?). But the system is basically designed to
           | prevent you from doing it? It almost seems as though modern
           | model of shareholder capitalism is almost designed to keep
           | things this way: to eliminate the idea at any point that a
           | person should feel bad if they just do the "efficient",
           | shareholder-value-maximizing thing. Nobody has any agency in
           | the big machine, which means no one is accountable for what
           | it does. Perfect, just how we like it? Whereas at least a
           | private enterprise which is beholden to the principles of its
           | leader could _in principle_ do something besides the most
           | cynical possible play at every turn.
        
             | navane wrote:
             | There seems to be a new system in place which takes these
             | amoral CEOs and does make them accountable.
        
               | Earw0rm wrote:
               | Exec., meet exec.?
        
               | hackable_sand wrote:
               | It's the truth, and we've had these systems since the
               | dawn of civilization. Idk why people are acting surprised
               | now when we've been doing this for thousands of years.
               | 
               | If people in power don't provide and protect a democratic
               | process to removing poor leadership then they _do not_
               | get to complain when people make those decisions on their
               | own.
        
             | Earw0rm wrote:
             | Financial companies figured out how to do this in the run-
             | up to the GFC, and everyone else learned it from them in
             | the immediate aftermath.
             | 
             | "They did all that, and literally none of them went to
             | jail? We got to get us some..."
             | 
             | Post-2008 tech companies were built that way from the get-
             | go.
        
               | ajkjk wrote:
               | I think it's useless to believe that the explanation
               | behind everything is "greed". It's so easy to blame
               | greed; it's amorphous and meaningless; it gives you
               | nothing you can do; it's the logic of a people who are
               | sure nothing can change, that the way things are is
               | inherent: the rich are greedy, the bad things in the
               | world are powerful people taking advantage of us for
               | benefit, sad for us.
               | 
               | It seems pretty clear that the forces at work are
               | designed to incentivize, reward, and rationalize "greed",
               | and so if one just does their job, so to speak, they will
               | end up doing the greedy thing at every turn. And really
               | we are fine with it! -- what we value more than anything
               | is value creation (on paper). No matter if the actual
               | world is getting worse as long as it appears to be
               | getting better: the economy/investment accounts/stock
               | grants are going up.
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | I think the cause and effect here are reversed. Thing is,
             | in a society like ours, you pretty much have to be a shitty
             | human being to become a CEO of anything even remotely big.
             | It inevitably requires walking on heads and abusing people
             | to the extent that no moral person would be comfortable
             | with.
             | 
             | So we have a system that puts selection pressure on
             | economic elites to be sociopathic. And then those same
             | people write the books on "how to be a good CEO" etc, so
             | _of course_ they are going to say that you 're not supposed
             | to do things that they themselves don't do.
        
           | jefftk wrote:
           | _> It 's dangerously close to the EA belief that it's
           | actually OK to be a ruthless exec for a tobacco company,
           | because you can do good things with your money that you
           | wouldn't be able to do if you quit the job._
           | 
           | That's not an EA belief. While EAs have made arguments
           | somewhat in this direction, being a tobacco exec is just
           | incredibly harmful and no one should do it:
           | https://80000hours.org/2016/01/just-how-bad-is-being-a-
           | ceo-i...
           | 
           | (80000 Hours is the primary EA career advising organization)
        
             | wat10000 wrote:
             | The obvious answer is to be a tobacco exec, sabotage the
             | organization from within, _and_ donate to charity.
        
             | light_hue_1 wrote:
             | Yeah, it's definitely an EA belief! If you look at the end
             | of the article they show you a link to a response on the EA
             | forum.
             | 
             | https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/4N5BsDkcWjr5MRSQy
             | /...
             | 
             | EA is one of the most evil ideologies out there.
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | The post you're linking to is not arguing that you should
               | become a tobacco exec, it's arguing that 80k has not
               | sufficiently made the case that a tobacco exec who
               | donated all their income thoughtfully would still be
               | causing net harm.
               | 
               | Reading both articles, I think it depends a lot what
               | strategy the exec employs. If they optimize for getting
               | people to become addicted to smoking or increase how much
               | they smoke (growing the market) then I think it's really
               | unlikely they could donate enough to make up for that
               | enormous harm. On the other hand, if they optimize for
               | increasing profitability by increasing prices and
               | advocating for regulation that acts as barriers to new
               | entrants, and especially if the person who would
               | otherwise have the role would be optimizing for growing
               | the market, then it's likely their work is positive on
               | it's own, regardless of donating.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | So, you're saying that from a EA perspective, it _can_ in
               | fact be okay to be a tobacco executive. QED.
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | What matters is the difference between how the world
               | would be with your actions and how it would be otherwise.
               | 
               | Would you also say "so you're saying it's ok to be a
               | member of the Nazi party who runs a munitions factory
               | [1], QED"?
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Schindler
        
         | femiagbabiaka wrote:
         | Morality is completely subjective. Prior to certain events in
         | the last year I would've said that there were some objective
         | standards like minimizing harm to children, but that's out the
         | window now, with most of Big Tech implicated.
         | 
         | As a moderately less contentious example, Alex Karp argues
         | fervently that it is immoral to not produce weapons of war for
         | western countries and the U.S. in particular. Many people agree
         | with him. Ultimately people justify their method of making a
         | living in whichever way they choose, and tech workers are no
         | different. History is the log of the winners and losers of the
         | war between the adherents of different moral codes.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >Prior to certain events in the last year I would've said
           | that there were some objective standards like minimizing harm
           | to children, but that's out the window now, with most of Big
           | Tech implicated.
           | 
           | You're saying as if it's indisputable that "Big Tech" was
           | harming children, but we're nowhere close to that. At best,
           | the current literature shows a very weak negative
           | correlational relationship between social media use and
           | mental health. That's certainly not enough to lambast "Big
           | Tech" for failing to abide by "objective standards like
           | minimizing harm to children".
           | 
           | Moreover I question whether "objective standards like
           | minimizing harm to children" existed to begin with, or we're
           | just looking at the past with rose tinted glasses. During the
           | industrial revolution kids worked in factories and mines. In
           | the 20th century they were exposed to lead and particulate
           | pollution. Even if you grant that "Big Tech" was harming kids
           | in some way, I doubt they're doing it in some unprecedented
           | way like you implied.
        
             | femiagbabiaka wrote:
             | I'm certainly going to get downvoted for this, but I'm
             | referring to the use of computing resources for AI
             | surveillance systems used in target selection in Gaza. That
             | alongside the fact that Microsoft, Amazon, Google, NVIDIA
             | etc. all vie for contracts with militaries domestic and
             | global, implicates a large chunk of all tech workers in
             | global strife.
        
           | the_af wrote:
           | > _" It is immoral to not produce weapons of war for western
           | countries and the US in particular"_
           | 
           | I cannot imagine that a substantial "many" people believe
           | this. How does it work exactly? If you have any expertise
           | even adjacent to weapons building (e.g. being a programmer)
           | and you are not building weapons for the US due to a lack of
           | effort (as opposed to failing the interview) you're doing
           | something immoral?
           | 
           | I don't think many would agree with this. I suppose his
           | stance is somehow more nuanced? (I wouldn't agree with it
           | either, but at least it would be slightly more reasonable).
        
             | femiagbabiaka wrote:
             | https://youtu.be/EZLr6EGGTPE?si=5ome3QBCQk20hpJD
             | 
             | This describes it fairly well, although I was thinking of a
             | CNBC interview in particular. He does so many that it's
             | hard to catalogue.
             | 
             | The argument is roughly that "the west" and "western
             | morality" are critical institutions to be protected, and
             | refusing to protect them is immoral.
             | 
             | And yes, a lot of people support his ideals. Major chunks
             | of the tech investment class, thousands of workers at
             | Palantir, the U.S. State Department, the Acela corridor,
             | etc. It is probably a minority viewpoint amongst normal
             | Americans, but we're talking about tech workers here. :)
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | Well, ok, people in the defense industry would agree it's
               | not immoral to make weapons, and the more extremist may
               | even call it immoral not to make weapons (though I doubt
               | many would, this is an extreme view. I also wonder if
               | it's truly heartfelt or simply convenient while they hold
               | defense industry jobs, and forgotten when they start
               | working elsewhere).
               | 
               | It doesn't follow at all that the best way to defend
               | Western institutions is to build weapons.
               | 
               | (Yes, I realize these aren't your views and that you're
               | merely describing them. But this Alex Karp guy isn't here
               | to debate directly with him...)
        
               | femiagbabiaka wrote:
               | I think Karp would say that events like 9/11 or 10/7
               | represent attacks on the west by vicious enemies who
               | can't be negotiated with, and that the only way to defend
               | ourselves is to build weapons and surveillance systems
               | that outstrip their capacity to harm.
               | 
               | To your point about his beliefs not being mine, I think
               | he has a fundamental misunderstanding of how both of
               | those events happened, which is ironic, because the
               | prelude and aftermath of both attacks are revisions on
               | the same theme.
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | I just googled who Alex Karp is and... well, he has a
               | vested interest in DoD applications. Of course he'd say
               | this. A businessman telling us his business model is a
               | moral imperative...
        
               | wazoox wrote:
               | > The argument is roughly that "the west" and "western
               | morality" are critical institutions to be protected, and
               | refusing to protect them is immoral.
               | 
               | "The West" as a collective lost all of the moral high
               | ground it was supposed to have during the past few
               | decades and particularly last year.
               | 
               | https://mearsheimer.substack.com/p/the-moral-bankruptcy-
               | of-t...
        
               | metabagel wrote:
               | The moral high ground was lost when the U.S. and its
               | allies invaded Iraq on a pretext.
        
               | femiagbabiaka wrote:
               | Agreed.
        
           | devjab wrote:
           | Morality is not completely subjective.
           | https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/701478
        
             | femiagbabiaka wrote:
             | From the abstract this is a very interesting paper. I'll
             | spend this afternoon digging in. But I see a problem
             | already: reality trumps academic exercise or humanity's
             | aggregated, self-description of its morality.
             | 
             | "Morality-as-cooperation draws on the theory of non-zero-
             | sum games to identify distinct problems of cooperation and
             | their solutions, and it predicts that specific forms of
             | cooperative behavior--including helping kin, helping your
             | group, reciprocating, being brave, deferring to superiors,
             | dividing disputed resources, and respecting prior
             | possession--will be considered morally good wherever they
             | arise, in all cultures."
             | 
             | Who is kin? Who are one's superiors? What is prior
             | possession? These are all questions of ideology and power.
             | The only universal code all humanity agrees on is might
             | makes right.
        
               | labster wrote:
               | Everyone loves helping kin except when helping kin on the
               | public dime. Morals are funny that way.
        
               | jwarden wrote:
               | > The only universal code all humanity agrees on is might
               | makes right.
               | 
               | This is a cynical and unjustifiable claim.
               | 
               | Obviously some people disagree. In fact in my experience
               | people almost universally agrees might does not make
               | right.
        
               | femiagbabiaka wrote:
               | Cynical? Maybe, I think you're right on that point.
               | Unjustifiable? Look at the current and historical state
               | of humanity and our global institutions.
        
           | worik wrote:
           | I did development work for casino bosses.
           | 
           | Clearly immoral. IMO more so than weapons.
           | 
           | I _realy_ needed the job
        
         | avmich wrote:
         | > The duty to align your professional life ethically scales
         | with your ability to do so.
         | 
         | I think this implies that we all should aim to have for
         | everybody those abilities. That is, if somebody is unable, in
         | this sense, to be ethical because he's just trying to get by,
         | it's actually our problem - e.g. he sells cigarettes and that
         | harms us. So we need to some extent work on the goal of
         | everybody having abilities to live ethically.
        
           | plagiarist wrote:
           | There's a lot of beneficial things that might happen if we,
           | as a society, worked at helping the Invisible Hand manifest.
           | Especially if we also ceased putting so much effort into
           | fighting it.
           | 
           | One of the basic tenets of capitalism is that the exchanges
           | are all voluntary. In practice they are quite clearly not.
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | That's a basic tenet of the free market, not of capitalism.
             | The two are not the same.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Yes, we could tax higher incomes until we've reached that
           | goal.
        
             | mmooss wrote:
             | Tangentially, the solution would not be higher 'income
             | tax', but higher capital gains tax.
             | 
             | The confusion largely is that 'income tax' is really '
             | _wage_ tax '. Income common wealthy people with lots of
             | capital is return on their capital investment, which is
             | exluded from that tax.
        
             | songqin wrote:
             | I can fill in the blanks in my head, but I doubt they are
             | what you're thinking. Would you mind elaborating on the
             | cause/effect you have in mind? It is difficult for me to
             | imagine this in and of itself being successful. We would
             | also need to solve the allocation of those collected funds,
             | as in many countries it would likely go to welfare,
             | defense, corruption, etc.
        
         | abyssin wrote:
         | I made the choice to change my occupation for a more moral one.
         | One issue is, you lose a lot of social credit doing so. It's
         | seen as a personal failure rather than a choice. It might also
         | be that implicitly challenging their choices makes people
         | uncomfortable.
         | 
         | How do you meet people who take responsibility for their life
         | design?
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | > One issue is, you lose a lot of social credit doing so.
           | It's seen as a personal failure rather than a choice.
           | 
           | Hmmm, why?
        
             | aziaziazi wrote:
             | When someone share it's choice, listeners naturally relate
             | and compare to their own choices. If someone is putting
             | moral or ethic before money (a very common first
             | criterion), the listeners that didn't will feel judged even
             | if the orator didn't say anything about them. It's a
             | natural but uncomfortable behavior triggering defensive
             | mode, that can translate in judging back the one that try
             | to do a good think.
             | 
             | Vegans experience this often.
             | 
             | Edit: the "ethical choicers" can reduce such behavior with
             | a carefully controlled communication (if someone has more
             | tips please share!):
             | 
             | - Don't say "ethic" but "my ethics"
             | 
             | - Keep concise, don't give details if not ask
             | 
             | - Change subject as soon as you feel the listener is
             | uncomfortable
             | 
             | - Say ASAP that you're not trying to convince or change
             | anyone
        
               | guerrilla wrote:
               | This doesn't seem at all to be what the GP was refering
               | to in the part I quoted. How is it seen as a personal
               | failure on their part?
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | My bad, I missed the 'personal' part of 'personal
               | failure'. I think my comment is pertinent regarding the
               | first phrase you quoted.
        
         | zugi wrote:
         | Most people want to judge others and rationalize their own
         | behavior, while piling on to whatever views happen to be
         | popular at the time.
         | 
         | What's worse, working for Big Tobacco, or working for Big Tech,
         | or working for the DEA and spending your days forcefully "civil
         | forfeituring" innocent people's money without charges? The
         | former are at least taking money from people who voluntarily
         | surrender it in exchange for some service, with fairly good
         | knowledge of what they're getting themselves into. While the
         | latter are basically highway robbers. Yet society has chosen to
         | popularize the first one as immoral, and is now working on
         | villifying the second, with only scant mention of the third.
         | 
         | I'm sure I'm guilty of selective outrage myself. If we're going
         | to quote religious references, how about Christ admonishing
         | those who point out the spec in their neighbor's eye, while
         | ignoring the log in their own.
         | 
         | More focus on one's own morality, and less on judging others,
         | just might make the world a slightly better place.
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | Highly highly disagree. It seems to me the opposite!
           | 
           | People (incl. here) want to rationalise their behaviour by
           | giving excuses -- such as the very popular "but X is even
           | worse and people don't complain about it" that you yourself
           | are doing -- for the fact that they work on in-ethical stuff,
           | because the honest answer is simply "this pays cartloads of
           | money, fuck you got mine", which is unpalatable to their own
           | self-perception.
        
             | zugi wrote:
             | Sure, yet you're exemplifying the "judge others" stuff by
             | calling what others do unethical, and judging without
             | evidence that they only do it because of the money, and not
             | because their moral world-view differs from yours.
             | 
             | I guess we're all guilty.
        
           | kstrauser wrote:
           | It's at least plausible that someone at the DEA genuinely
           | wants to make a nicer, safer world for themselves and their
           | neighbors. Yes, the agency does the terrible things you
           | mention, but it also gets some horrific stuff off the
           | streets. (Think fentanyl and meth, not weed. I couldn't care
           | less about that.)
           | 
           | No one working for Big Tobacco thinks they're making the
           | world better unless they're an idiot.
        
             | zugi wrote:
             | True, and I'm sure many, even most, folks working for Big
             | Tech want to make the world a better place.
             | 
             | We likely disagree about the merits of the DEA's War To
             | Destroy the Lives of American Meth Users. That's a topic
             | for another post perhaps, but the point is people have
             | wildly different moral frameworks.
             | 
             | I'm sure there _are_ people working for Big Tobacco who
             | think they 're making the world better by helping people
             | enjoy themselves. Heck, some people who work in online
             | gambling, or sports betting, or run state lotteries, or
             | make ice cream, might even believe that!
        
               | riehwvfbk wrote:
               | Some people who preach an ascetic and parsimonious way of
               | life and judge the choices of others probably also think
               | they are making the world a better place, one all-work-
               | and-no-play comment at a time ;)
        
             | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
             | > Yes, the agency does the terrible things you mention, but
             | it also gets some horrific stuff off the streets. (Think
             | fentanyl and meth, not weed. I couldn't care less about
             | that.)
             | 
             | Do they, though? Some of it, sure, but enough to make a
             | positive impact? Probably not. Indeed, efforts to get drug
             | X off the street often lead to a proliferation of more
             | dangerous drug Y. There's plenty of reason to believe the
             | DEA is only making things worse and causing more deaths.
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | I worked for almost 27 years, for a company that aligned with
         | my personal morals. The pay was substantially less than what I
         | could have made at less-circumspect outfits, and there was a
         | nonzero amount of _really annoying_ overhead, but I don 't
         | regret it, at all. I slept well at night, made good friends,
         | never wrote any software that I regretted, learned _heaps_ of
         | stuff, and helped to develop and launch the careers of a few
         | others.
         | 
         | Mentioning that here, elicits scorn.
        
           | kstrauser wrote:
           | Not from me, it doesn't. That's enviable and I'm glad to hear
           | you were able to have that.
        
           | dgfitz wrote:
           | I imagine the scorn would occur if you planted a flag about
           | how the company morals aligned with your own.
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | Actually, this is the first time I've done that.
             | 
             | I pretty much enjoy the world I live in. That upsets some
             | folks.
        
           | talldayo wrote:
           | I don't think people are scornful of your work. It makes me
           | happy to hear that people still find meaningful employment
           | within their means of living. It's increasingly rare that
           | someone is paid to do something impactful these days. You
           | should feel happy.
           | 
           | The part that will attract scorn is pretending that
           | _everyone_ can do that. In the same way that religion spread
           | by preying on the poor and lecherous portions of society, so
           | too does the tech industry offer the downtrodden and
           | mistreated a better life in exchange for moral leniency. It
           | 's not even the "revenge of the nerd" stuff past a certain
           | point - if a $60,000/year software engineer in America turns
           | up their nose to a contract, you can simply send it to a
           | development firm in Pakistan for pennies on the dollar and
           | get roughly equivalent results. There is no moral bartering
           | with at-will employment. It's an illusion.
           | 
           | As individuals, you and I are both powerless to stop the
           | proliferation and success of harmful businesses. America's
           | number one lesson from the past 4 centuries of economic
           | planning is that laissez-faire policy does not course-correct
           | without government intervention. Collective bargaining only
           | works when you're bargaining on a market you control -
           | boycotting certain employers is _entirely ineffective_ when
           | you compare it to legislative reform.
           | 
           | So, with that being said, saving your dignity is not enough
           | to save society. You have every right to take comfort in
           | working a job that you respected - but nobody here owes you
           | any more respect than their dairy farmers or the guy in
           | Thailand that made their $55 Izod sweatshirt. If you come
           | around expecting the hero treatment, then you're bound to
           | feel shortchanged. Sorry.
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | > _if a $60,000 /year software engineer in America turns up
             | their nose to a contract, you can simply send it to a
             | development firm in Pakistan for pennies on the dollar and
             | get roughly equivalent results._
             | 
             | People who live in Pakistan are also capable of making
             | moral decisions, you know. Your argument only holds if
             | there are infinitely-many people in some kind of idealised
             | labour market, but in the real world there are less than a
             | million people capable of that kind of work.
             | 
             | If you plan to take an immoral job and then work-to-rule
             | while sabotaging the evil schemes, charismatically
             | deflecting all blame to those who _were_ trying to make it
             | succeed (or, better still, keeping the organisation as a
             | whole from _understanding_ that their plan has been
             | sabotaged), then that 's a different question, and I'd wish
             | you the best of luck. (Not that such a person would be
             | bragging about it here, anyway.)
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | Given how easy it is to recruit contract killers all over
               | the world, I think any unethical software with money
               | behind it will be built. Maybe with paying some premium
               | for the worst stuff.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | It's easy to recruit a hitman, but hard to recruit a
               | _competent_ hitman. (See: the subcontracting hitmen in
               | 2019.) And killing people is, in general, much easier
               | than writing software.
        
               | problemsolver12 wrote:
               | Can confirm.
        
               | staunton wrote:
               | You're saying that you've killed people for money? Or
               | that you hired killers before?
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | And you think I posted that, expecting "hero treatment"?
             | 
             | That's the problem, right there, I guess. We can't even
             | mention things that should not elicit anything much more
             | than "That's nice," without someone thinking that it's
             | tubthumping. I wasn't inviting criticism of my decision.
             | Sorry.
             | 
             | Sometimes (most times, actually), I post stuff, just to say
             | "Me too," or "Here's my experience with that. Maybe it
             | might help." I'd like to think that it helps others to
             | maybe feel less alone, in their world.
             | 
             | People mention that they do stuff, _all the time_ , here,
             | with the direct expectation of being lauded and cheered. In
             | many cases, I'm really happy to laud them, and cheer them
             | on. There's some cool stuff that goes down, here.
             | 
             | I'm not really into that kind of thing, for myself. I'm
             | retired, and follow my own muse. I've made some big
             | impacts, but not really ones that most folks here would
             | care about. What people here, think of me, doesn't really
             | matter that much. I'm just not that important, and most
             | folks here, aren't as important as they might think they
             | are. We're all just Bozos on this bus. I have a fairly rich
             | social life, and have a lot of people that like me (and,
             | also, dislike me), because they _actually know me_.
             | 
             | People also post some stuff that reveals some fairly warped
             | and mutated personal worldviews. Most times, I just ignore
             | that. I don't think attacking someone in public does much
             | to help the world; especially in a professional context
             | like HN.
             | 
             | We live in a strange society.
        
               | talldayo wrote:
               | > And you think I posted that, expecting "hero
               | treatment"?
               | 
               | I mean, yeah. This is absolutely something that should
               | make you feel wonderful as an individual, being able to
               | help people that are aligned with your moral
               | understanding. But it's also something you can't exactly
               | share - you'll never communicate the happiness other
               | people felt from your assistance, and you're almost
               | certainly not going to find people that universally
               | respect your own moral compass. On the flip side, there
               | are people with extremely perverse senses of justice that
               | consider murder and automated attacks on civilian
               | populations to be an unparalleled moral imperative - I've
               | seen them right here on HN.
               | 
               | It's your life, I can't tell you how to live it. My point
               | is to tell you why people _everywhere_ will bristle at
               | that type of rhetoric, the holier-than-thou  "this is how
               | we transcend suffering" memoir written by hands that
               | spent more time touching a smartphone than doing manual
               | labor to feed a family. If you are in a position where
               | you are emotionally, financially and politically secure
               | enough to sponsor a life that you are satisfied with
               | living, then your satisfaction begins and ends with you.
               | It's like announcing your valiant donation to charity on
               | a public soapbox - to whom does it serve? Will you be
               | donating the soapbox to charity too?
               | 
               | Look out on the world as it is today, and you'll see a
               | society of people that reject causal opportunity and
               | change. We don't boycott companies when they send death
               | squads to kill dissident plantation workers because their
               | products taste too good. We can't boycott our tech
               | companies when they drive margins low enough to install
               | suicide nets and sell user data for profit, because the
               | immediate access to porn and Facebook is too enthralling.
               | 
               | You're a little guy, a cog in that great big machine. If
               | you know that playing your part had great impact on the
               | world, then it should bring you a profound sense of
               | personal justice. The part that makes people scornful is
               | when you zoom out and look at the machine, then conclude
               | "we should all be cogs, imagine how much more efficient
               | the whole thing would run!" Many of us aren't made of
               | steel, and have too few spokes to fill the same role that
               | you do.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | _> holier-than-thou_
               | 
               | All I said, was that I worked for a company for a long
               | time, was basically happy, the work environment was not
               | perfect, I found their ethics attractive, and don't have
               | any regrets.
               | 
               | We live in a _really_ sick world, if that can be
               | interpreted as  "holier-than-thou." I know _dozens_ of
               | people, personally, that can say _exactly_ the same
               | thing. They don 't consider themselves "special," and I
               | don't really care that much. Almost none are in the tech
               | industry, though, so maybe that's the difference.
               | 
               | I also know a lot of folks that work at jobs they hate;
               | often, for big money. I don't waste time judging them,
               | and am just happy to have them in my life.
               | 
               | I tend to avoid folks that are actively trying to be
               | unethical, but I'm not on a mission to convert them. If
               | they ever want to do things differently, I might have
               | something they could use.
               | 
               | It's sad to think that someone, saying what I did, is
               | somehow "wrong." It's really not a big deal.
        
               | drewcoo wrote:
               | > And you think I posted that, expecting "hero
               | treatment"?
               | 
               | Seemed more masochistic to me. Different strokes for
               | different folks.
        
             | ncr100 wrote:
             | This is likely a misinterpretation.
             | 
             | It's not "pretending" or seeking "moral leniency" for
             | individuals to use their agency to identify the potential
             | for meaningful work, even within constraints. Recognizing
             | the impact of work, and making conscious choices about how
             | one contributes is more the point.
             | 
             | There exist systemic exploitations of labor certainly.
             | 
             | On being the change ...
             | 
             | It is not heroic idol-seeking to share one's experience,
             | nor to ask others to consider the values dimensions of
             | their work.
             | 
             | Even on a small scale, change can be made. It's worthy to
             | highlight it, and moreover celebrating good can motivate
             | values based thinking in others.
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | > Mentioning that here, elicits scorn.
           | 
           | No it doesn't. "Woe is ethical me" comments like this might.
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | Seriously?
             | 
             | I've not really mentioned ethics, before.
             | 
             | The scorn is for working for one employer for that amount
             | of time.
        
             | phil21 wrote:
             | From a casual observer who (used to) mostly lurk, it
             | absolutely does.
             | 
             | Maybe the tide has been turning the past few years but it
             | was endemic from my point of view a decade ago when I first
             | started reading HN.
             | 
             | Folks who didn't chase career maximization were typically
             | treated like naive children at best. Working for a third of
             | the wages in some flyover state at a boring company vs some
             | adtech company with an options package was panned on the
             | regular.
             | 
             | It was always part of the zeitgeist you switch jobs early
             | and often to maximize your career progression vs. chill
             | with the same company for most of your life.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I'm not sure it was so much of an ethical statement as
               | you should be switching jobs every couple years to
               | maximize your paycheck.
               | 
               | Of course, now, it's more about being happy to have a
               | well-paying job as opposed to working a "full-time" job
               | with two or three paychecks from different companies.
        
           | globalnode wrote:
           | My opinion after reading HN for quite a while is that your
           | average HN poster is well educated and knows a lot of theory
           | but struggles with ethics. Perhaps even seeing a debate
           | against ethics as a game to be won.
        
           | obscurette wrote:
           | Almost same here, but I also understand that it's a luxury.
           | At this point in my life I can afford it, but I've also seen
           | times when I could do anything to get food on table for my
           | family. Luckily for me those times didn't last.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | My counter argument is that the US is already the most
         | charitable country in the world in terms of private
         | contributions, yet there are maybe 10-20 countries where the
         | common people are better off than we are (note the large error
         | bar there). I speculate that private charity versus private
         | anti-charity is like bringing a knife to a gun fight.
        
         | CobrastanJorji wrote:
         | Yes. However, just like someone considering dinner might
         | falsely convince themselves 'I will eat this broccoli and this
         | cheesecake and it will balance out to mostly healthy,' teaching
         | some neighborhood kids to code won't ethically offset evil
         | professional work, nor will donating a trivial fraction of your
         | share of the ill-gotten proceeds.
        
         | calf wrote:
         | I think Moshe is right but chose a really poor analogy in Big
         | Tobacco, I want to say because working in tech is not at all
         | like a farmer working laboriously in a physical field which is
         | a lot less ideological and more driven by being in a poor 3rd
         | world country, etc.
        
         | hereonout2 wrote:
         | > knowing that the world would be worse off if you decided to
         | switch gears and become a carpenter/baker/bartender/choose your
         | adventure.
         | 
         | I don't understand what you're weighing this against? A job
         | that is literally saving lives maybe, or really leading in a
         | field of science or technology?
         | 
         | Most of us don't have that though, even here on hacker news.
         | Most of us are part of a larger effort that will progress just
         | as well without us, our personal impact is marginal at best.
         | 
         | I've worked in tech for two decades for a company I deem
         | "moral" and I feel I've had impact. But I could have fitted
         | kitchens or made wedding cakes for that time and had just as
         | positive an impact on the world and people I serve
         | professionally. Hell, if I was a carpenter my work could
         | probably outlast anything I've done in tech.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | This is a point too rarely made.
           | 
           | Most work that produces something people are willing to pay
           | for _does_ make the world a better place!
           | 
           | Not enormously so for the vast majority of us, but what one
           | person out of 8 billion can do.
        
             | bumby wrote:
             | I'm not sure I buy the premise as it reads as a Libertarian
             | pipe dream. There are just too many examples of people
             | willing to pay for something immoral or unethical to think
             | that transactions can be broadly painted as a net good.
             | 
             | Capitalist transactions are a reflection of value systems
             | and our own shortcomings/biases. To the extent that humans
             | are flawed, many of those transactions are going to be
             | ethically flawed as well.
        
               | hackable_sand wrote:
               | You are in agreement with the comment you're responding
               | to.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | Being generous, I'm maybe in agreement if the word "most"
               | gets some clarification or nuance.
        
             | hereonout2 wrote:
             | There's an aspect of longevity to our impact I love to
             | contemplate.
             | 
             | For most of us, our tech work will be long forgotten and
             | obsolete 20 years from now. At best it will have provided
             | some small intangible advance - hopefully for the better.
             | 
             | But the people that built my house died before I was born,
             | yet their work has a tangible ongoing impact to this day.
             | 
             | The people who built some European cathedrals lived over
             | 800 years ago, yet that padstone laid by some nameless
             | apprentice still holds an entire functional building in
             | place.
        
         | quotemstr wrote:
         | > The duty to align your professional life ethically scales
         | with your ability to do so.
         | 
         | Humans respond to incentives. We seek rewards that may be
         | monetary, social, or intellectual: we optimize our behavior for
         | them all the same. Trying to improve the world by scolding
         | people for acting according to their incentives will not work.
         | It's not a serious position. "If everyone would just..." ---
         | no, everyone is not going to just, and if they were, they'd
         | have already done it. Your exhortation will make no difference.
         | 
         | If you want to change the world, change the incentive
         | structure. Don't expect people to act against their personal
         | interests because you say so. At best, they'll ignore you. At
         | worst, they'll maliciously comply and cause even more harm.
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | One's conscience is part of one's incentives. And talking to
           | people can actually affect their conscience. Public discourse
           | like the one taking place here is part of the factors that
           | can cause cultural shifts.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | Trying to stop people from growing and selling marijuana didn't
         | work out so well.
        
         | CharlieDigital wrote:
         | > there are ways to contribute morally outside of your 9-5.
         | Volunteer to teach a neighborhood kid to code.
         | 
         | This simplistic view of the world does not scale -- especially
         | so in today's global economy. Imagine we never had public
         | education and instead relied on the good nature of individuals
         | to teach their neighborhood kids. Imagine competing at a global
         | level without a coordinated educational system with baseline
         | standards. Instead, what we need is to teach _every kid_ how to
         | code (many may not end up coding as a profession, but that 's
         | fine; every kid that has the affinity and talent and and wants
         | to do it should have the chance).
         | 
         | That's nominally why we have government of the people, by the
         | people, for the people. That's why we have taxes. _These scale_
         | when the interests are aligned. We 've seen them scale.
         | 
         | The problem arises when (as Mitt Romney famously expressed) we
         | think of corporations as people, too, and assign them rights
         | associated with personhood.
         | 
         | They are of "some" people, by "some" people, for "some" people.
         | 
         | This is the crisis I think the US is having now. This is what
         | it think was punctuated with COVID; there is no longer the
         | spirit of "we" and the US is in the era of "me".
        
       | bhouston wrote:
       | And he doesn't even get around to mentioning that Google (and
       | Amazon) are providing AI computing to Israel even though Google's
       | own lawyer warned that they could be used to violate human
       | rights. Their lawyers wrote: "Google Cloud services could be used
       | for, or linked to, the facilitation of human rights violations,
       | including Israeli activity in the West Bank."
       | 
       | It gets worse, they got advice and then didn't follow it:
       | 
       | "Google reportedly sought input from consultants including the
       | firm Business for Social Responsibility (BSR). Consultants
       | apparently recommended that the contract bar the sale and use of
       | its AI tools to the Israeli military 'and other sensitive
       | customers,' the report says. Ultimately, the [Google] contract
       | reportedly didn't reflect those recommendations."
       | 
       | https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/3/24311951/google-project-n...
       | 
       | The end result is Lavender which HRW details here:
       | https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/09/10/questions-and-answers-is...
        
       | arghandugh wrote:
       | Big Tech subverted the world's longest running democracy and
       | tipped a majority of the global population into authoritarian
       | rule. An essay handwringing the question doesn't seem very useful
       | at this point.
        
         | lazyeye wrote:
         | The govt was changed despite big tech not because of it. And
         | the majority of people disagree with your characterization of
         | "authoritarian rule".
        
           | metabagel wrote:
           | Trump didn't win a majority of those who voted, let alone the
           | idea that a majority of the country supports him.
        
         | rexpop wrote:
         | In light of these contexts, what would you rather see at the
         | top of HN?
        
         | richrichie wrote:
         | Is that why people overwhelmingly voted for change in 2024,
         | ironically to bring back the "dictator"? Popular mandate, all
         | of swing states, majority of governorships, house and the
         | senate - seems as decisive a democratic choice as it can get!
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | FWIW, Putin was also overwhelmingly elected by people "voting
           | for change" back in the day.
        
           | metabagel wrote:
           | It was a narrow victory. Trump didn't win a majority, and his
           | win had little effect on down ballot races.
           | 
           | https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/the-size-of-donald-
           | tru...
           | 
           | > Trump's 2024 raw vote margin was smaller than any popular
           | vote winner since 2000, and the fifth-lowest since 1960
        
             | nixosbestos wrote:
             | I'd bet $500 that richrichie knows that already and seeing
             | it again still won't keep them from repeating the known
             | lie. It's kind of part and parcel.
        
       | mgobl wrote:
       | Not only do I disagree with the premise, but I think the article
       | is poorly argued.
       | 
       | Was working on the Manhattan project unethical because it
       | furnished the ability for us to kill humans on an even more vast
       | industrial scale than we previously could have imagined? Perhaps,
       | but it's hard to square this with the reality that the capability
       | of mutually assured destruction has ushered in the longest period
       | of relative peace and global stability in recorded history,
       | during a period of time we might otherwise expect dramatically
       | increased conflict and strife (because we are sharing our limited
       | planet with an additional order of magnitude of humans). Had
       | everyone at Los Alamos boycotted the effort, would we be in a
       | better place when some other power inevitably invented the atomic
       | bomb? Somehow I doubt it.
       | 
       | The world is a complex system. While there are hopefully an
       | expanding set of core "values" that we collectively believe in,
       | any single person is going to be challenged by conflicting values
       | at times. This is like the Kagan stages of psychological
       | development [1], but societally. I can believe that it's net bad
       | for society that someone is working on a cigarette manufacturing
       | line, without personally holding them accountable for the ills
       | that are downstream of their work. There are competing systems
       | (family, society) that place competing values (good - we can
       | afford to live, bad - other people get sick and die) on the exact
       | same work.
       | 
       | If people want to boycott some types of work, more power to them,
       | but I don't think the line between "ethical" and "unethical"
       | tasks is so clear that you can put whole corporations on one side
       | or another of that line.
       | 
       | Sometimes I try and put a dollar amount on how much value I have
       | received from Google in my lifetime. I've used their products for
       | at least 20 years. Tens of thousands of dollars seems like an
       | accurate estimate. I'm happy to recognize that two things are
       | true: that there are societal problems with some big tech
       | businesses that we would collectively benefit from solving AND
       | that I (and millions of other people less fortunate than me, that
       | couldn't "afford" the non-ad-supported cost of these services)
       | have benefited tremendously from the existence of Google and its
       | ilk.
       | 
       | [1]: https://imgur.com/a/LSkzutj
        
         | g-b-r wrote:
         | > that I (and millions of other people less fortunate than me,
         | that couldn't "afford" the non-ad-supported cost of these
         | services) have benefited tremendously from the existence of
         | Google and its ilk.
         | 
         | People who were into Google seem to tremendously overestimate
         | the value it provided.
         | 
         | The only Google thing I ever used is Android, and only because
         | it's too hard to avoid it.
         | 
         | Had there not been Google you'd have used alternative services,
         | and your life would not have been much worse.
         | 
         | Yes, a similarly good search engine would have emerged, similar
         | products would have been devised, and the internet would have
         | been ad-supported as it already was before Google.
        
           | stickfigure wrote:
           | I used Altavista, Lycos, Yahoo, etc in the era before Google
           | - and it was worse.
           | 
           | If you're suggesting that some other company besides Google
           | would have worked out the same algorithms and business plan,
           | then this seems incoherent. Even if true, we'd be here
           | discussing how much value we've gotten from Notgoogle. It's
           | still a tremendous amount of value, whatever the company is
           | named.
        
             | g-b-r wrote:
             | > I used Altavista, Lycos, Yahoo, etc in the era before
             | Google - and it was worse.
             | 
             | I guess you were only talking about the search engine,
             | then.
             | 
             | The technology was ready, PageRank was inspired by other
             | work, and Google came to a good degree out of government
             | grants.
             | 
             | And by the way, the search engine I was using when Google
             | came out (I think it was Northern Light, but I might be
             | mistaken) was not significantly worse; Altavista and Yahoo
             | were definitely among the worst engines by then
             | 
             | > If you're suggesting that some other company besides
             | Google would have worked out the same algorithms and
             | business plan, then this seems incoherent.
             | 
             | Why incoherent?
             | 
             | Had another company done exactly the same but with a
             | different name, yeah, not much would have changed...
             | 
             | But there was no need for things to go this way, for the
             | products you love to emerge; they just, probably, would
             | have been made by several companies, rather than all by
             | one.
             | 
             | But actually, there have always been alternatives to
             | Google's products, it was just your choice to not use them;
             | you could probably have gotten a similar value without ever
             | touching a Google product.
        
               | spencerflem wrote:
               | I've been trying to live a relatively de-google'd life
               | right now, and much like you say, it's not so hard.
               | Google Maps is the big exception for me.
        
         | quotemstr wrote:
         | > Was working on the Manhattan project unethical because it
         | furnished the ability for us to kill humans on an even more
         | vast industrial scale than we previously could have imagined?
         | Perhaps, but it's hard to square this with the reality that the
         | capability of mutually assured destruction has ushered in the
         | longest period of relative peace and global stability in
         | recorded history
         | 
         | Ah, consequentialist versus deontological ethics: neither camp
         | can even hear the other. Some people just pattern-match making
         | thing X (weapons, profits, patents, non-free software,
         | whatever) against individual behavior and condemn individuals
         | doing these things regardless of the actual effects on the real
         | world. Sure, invading Japan instead of bombing it would have
         | killed a million Americans and who knows how many Japanese
         | (real WW2 allied estimate), but ATOM BOMB BAD and PEOPLE WHO DO
         | BAD, and so we get people who treat Los Alamos as some kind of
         | moral black hole.
         | 
         | The world makes sense only when we judge actions by their
         | consequences. The strident and brittle deontological rules that
         | writers of articles that feature the wor d"ethics" in the
         | headline invariably promote are poor approximations of the
         | behaviors that lead to good consequences in the world.
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | > invading Japan instead of bombing it would have killed a
           | million Americans and who knows how many Japanese (real WW2
           | allied estimate),
           | 
           | Most people who believe that nuclear strikes on Japan were
           | morally wrong also believe that Japan would have surrendered
           | regardless, and nukes were thus redundant (and hence, wrong).
           | 
           | If you studied this question, you should know that there's a
           | compelling argument that Japanese were motivated just as much
           | if not more by Soviets entering the fray with considerable
           | success. Now, you may personally disagree with this
           | assessment, but surely you can at least recognize that others
           | can legitimately hold this opinion and base their ethical
           | calculus on it?
        
           | aporetics wrote:
           | I don't really understand the categories you've set up or the
           | traditions you're referring to, but it seems like
           | consequentialist ethics would be good as a historical
           | exercise, but not much else. Because we mostly don't know
           | what will happen when we act, at least not with the clarity
           | that that kind of analysis would need. I think the implicit
           | ethical problem here is that there's not much any individual
           | can do that will have a measurable effect when it comes to
           | entities as large and powerful as big tech (or any other
           | industry). So then how do you think about making ethical
           | decisions?
        
           | karaterobot wrote:
           | > The world makes sense only when we judge actions by their
           | consequences.
           | 
           | I'm not sure I agree with this part. To quote Gene Wolfe:
           | "until we reach the end of time we don't know whether
           | something is good or bad, we can only judge the intentions of
           | those who acted." Judging morals by outcome seems like a
           | tricky path down a slippery slope. The Manhattan Project _is_
           | morally complicated, both because the intentions of those
           | involved was complicated, and because the outcome was
           | complicated. What 's wrong to do, I think, is simplifying it
           | down to "was good" or "was bad".
        
       | habosa wrote:
       | I worked in Big Tech and it changed my life financially so I
       | can't judge anyone else for doing it, but I will say that I had a
       | moral reckoning while I was there and I am (right now) unwilling
       | to go back.
       | 
       | At the time (2012-2022) the things about the business model that
       | bothered me were surveillance culture, excessive advertising, and
       | monopoly power. Internally I was also horrified at the abuse of
       | "vendor/contractor" status to maintain a shadow workforce which
       | did a lot of valuable work while receiving almost none of the
       | financial benefits that the full-time workforce received.
       | 
       | 3 years later all of those concerns remain but for me they're a
       | distant second behind the rise of AI. There's a non-zero chance
       | that AI is one of the most destructive creations in human history
       | and I just can't allow myself to help advance it until I'm
       | convinced that chance is much closer to zero. I'm in the minority
       | I know, so the best case scenario for me is that I'm wrong and
       | everyone getting rich on AI right now has gotten rich for
       | bringing us something good, not our doom.
        
         | devjab wrote:
         | I'm curious as to how you think it'll be our doom. As for the
         | ethics in it, there are two ways to look at it in my opinion.
         | One is yours, the other is to accept that AI is coming and at
         | least work to help your civilisation "win". I doubt we'll see
         | any form of self aware AI in our lifetimes, but the AI tools
         | are obviously going to become extremely powerful tool. I
         | suspect we'll continue heading down the "cyberpunk" road
         | leading to the dystopian society we read about in the 80/90ies,
         | but that's not really the doom of mankind as such. It just
         | sucks.
         | 
         | As a former history major I do think it'll be interesting to
         | follow how AI shifts the power balances. We like to pretend
         | that we've left the "might makes right" world behind, but AI is
         | an arms race, and it'll make some terrible weapons. Ethics
         | aside you're going to want to have the best of those if you
         | want your civilisation to continue being capable or deciding
         | which morals it wants to follow.
        
           | ANewFormation wrote:
           | I don't think most are _primarily_ concerned about war
           | applications, but simply driving mass unemployment.
           | 
           | This even seems to be the exact goal of many who then
           | probably imagine the next step would then be some sort of
           | basic income to keep things moving, but the endless side
           | effects of this transition make it very unclear if this is
           | even economically feasible.
           | 
           | At best, it would seem to be a return to defacto feudalism. I
           | think 'The Expanse' offered a quite compelling vision of what
           | "Basic" would end up being like in practice.
           | 
           | Those who are seen (even if through no fault of their own) as
           | providing no value to society - existing only to consume,
           | will inevitably be marginalized and ultimately seen as
           | something less than.
        
             | bitmasher9 wrote:
             | To expand on 'The Expanse' "Basic".
             | 
             | The expanse was a 9+ book series that won several literary
             | awards that takes place in an interplanetary humanity
             | several centuries in the future.
             | 
             | Roughly one half of the population of earth, or 30 billion
             | people, live on basic assistance from The United Nations.
             | The only way to leave basic is to get a job or get an
             | education, and there are significant hurdles to both of
             | those routes. People on basic do not get money, but they do
             | receive everything they need to live a life. A barter
             | economy exists among those on basic, and some small
             | industry is available to those on basic if it flies under
             | the government's radar. Some (unspecified population size)
             | undocumented people do not receive basic, and may resort to
             | crime in order to make ends meet.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | It's also worth remembering that in "Expanse", there'a
               | also Mars, which is a separate state that does _not_ have
               | this arrangement - everyone is employed, but conversely
               | there 's no unconditional welfare.
               | 
               | However, it is made pretty clear in the books that the
               | reason why this is possible for Mars is because they have
               | this huge ongoing terraforming project that will take a
               | century to complete. So there's always more jobs than
               | people to fill them, basically, and it's all ultimately
               | still paid for by the government, just not directly (via
               | contracts to large enterprises).
        
               | martin-t wrote:
               | I love The Expanse and it gets things right more than
               | other sci-fi. However, I think it vastly _underestimates_
               | the amount of injustice than can be caused by powerful
               | people with the help of advanced technology and ML.
               | 
               | 1) You can literally cover the planet with sensors and
               | make privacy impossible. Cameras and microphones are
               | already cheap and small. What will they look like in
               | several hundred years? You can already eavesdrop on a
               | conversation in a closed room, e.g. by bouncing a laser
               | off the window to amplify air vibrations. What will be
               | possible in several hundred years?
               | 
               | 2) Right now, suppressing the population by force
               | requires control of a sufficient number of serviles.
               | These serviles are prone to joining the revolution if you
               | ask them to harm their own friends and families (Chine
               | only managed to massacre Tianennmen square after
               | reinforcements from other regions survived because the
               | initial wave joined the protesters). They are prone to
               | only serving as long as you can offer them money or
               | threaten then credibly.
               | 
               | In the near future, it will be possible to suppress any
               | uprising (if you're willing to use violence) by a small
               | number of people controlling a large number of automated
               | tools (e.g. killbots, the drone war in Ukraine is a taste
               | of what's to come).
               | 
               | Spoilers ahead.
               | 
               | The story vastly underestimates the competence of state
               | level bad actors.
               | 
               | In the books, Holden and his group were attacked on Eros
               | by a small number (single digits) of covert agents and
               | only managed to survive thanks to Miller. In reality, you
               | don't send 4 people to apprehend 4 people, you send 40.
               | 
               | Later, Holden and other people were apprehended on
               | Ganymede and again, managed to get out of it by
               | overpowering their captors because the government just
               | didn't send enough people. This is not gonna happen in
               | reality.
               | 
               | (Though you might be able to kill one if you're also
               | willing to die in the process. A Belarusian citizen had
               | several KGB agents break into his flat but because it
               | took them a while to break the door down, he managed to
               | grab his gun, ambushed them and shot one in the stomach.
               | The aggressor later bled out but the citizen was also
               | killed.)
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | Proper UBI is absolutely economically feasible if we start
             | taxing things like, say, capital gains properly.
             | 
             | "The Expanse" shows the kind of UBI that Big Tech bros
             | would like to see, absolutely. Which is to say, the
             | absolute minimum you need to give people to prevent a
             | revolt and maintain a status quo. But you shouldn't assume
             | that this is the only possibility.
             | 
             | As far as "seen as providing no value to society", that is
             | very much a cultural thing and it is not a constant, so it
             | can and should be changed. OTOH if we insist on treating
             | that particular aspect as immutable, our society is always
             | going to be shitty towards a large number of people in one
             | way or another.
        
           | Unearned5161 wrote:
           | While unemployment certainly deserves a conversation of its
           | own, I think the more overlooked aspects of education and
           | democracy will erode our society deeper into a hole by
           | themselves.
           | 
           | I'm rather fearful for the future of education in this
           | current climate. The tools are already powerful enough to
           | wreak havoc and they haven't stopped growing yet! I don't
           | think we'll properly know the effect for some years now, not
           | until the kids that are currently in 5th, 6th, or 7th start
           | going into the workforce. While the individual optimist in me
           | would like to see AI as this great equalizer, personal tutor
           | for everyone, equal opportunity deliverance, I think we've
           | fumbled it for all but a select few. Certainly there will be
           | cases of great success, students who leverage AI to it's
           | fullest extent. But I urge one to think of the other side of
           | the pie. How will that student respond to this? And how many
           | students are really in this section?
           | 
           | AI in its current state presents a pact with the devil for
           | all but the most disciplined and passionate of us. It makes
           | it far to easy to resign all use of your critical mental
           | faculties, and to stagnate in your various abilities to
           | navigate our complex modern world. Skills such as critical
           | reading, synthesizing, and writing are just a few of the most
           | notable examples. Unrestrained use of tools that help us so
           | immensely in these categories can bring nothing but slow
           | demise for us in the end.
           | 
           | This thought pattern pairs nicely with the discussion of AIs
           | effects on democracy. Hopefully the step taken from assuming
           | the aforementioned society, with its rampant inabilities to
           | reason critically about its surroundings, to saying that this
           | is categorically bad for democracy, isn't too large.
           | Democracy, an imperfect form of government that is the best
           | we have at this moment, only works well with an educated
           | populace. An uneducated democracy governs on borrowed time.
           | One can already see the paint start to peel (there is a
           | larger effect that the Internet has on democracy that I'll
           | leave out of this for now, but is worth thinking about as
           | it's the one responsible for the current decline in our
           | political reality).
           | 
           | The unfortunate conclusion that I reach when I think of all
           | of this, is that it comes down to the ability of government
           | and corporations to properly restrain this technology and
           | foster its growth in a manner that is beneficial for society.
           | And that restraint is hard to see coming with our current set
           | up. This is to avoid being overly dramatic and saying that
           | it's impossible.
           | 
           | If you look at the history of the United States, and truly
           | observe the death grip that its baby, capitalism, has on its
           | governance, if you look at this, you find it hard to believe
           | that this time will be any different from times past. There
           | is far too much money and national security concern at stake
           | here to do anything but put the pedal to the floor and
           | rapidly build an empire in this wild west of AI. The
           | unfortunate conclusion is that perhaps this could have been a
           | wonderful tool for humanity, and allowed us to realize our
           | collective dreams, but due to the reasons stated above I
           | believe this is unachievable with our current set up of
           | governance and understanding of ethics, globally.
        
           | martin-t wrote:
           | > how you think it'll be our doom
           | 
           | There's 2 main possibilities:
           | 
           | 1) Self aware AI with its own agency / free will / goals.
           | This is much harder to predict and is IMO less likely with
           | the current approaches so i'll skip it.
           | 
           | 2) A"I" / ML tools will become a force multiplier and the
           | powerful will be even more so. Powerful people and
           | organizations (including governments) already have access to
           | much more data about individuals than ordinary citizens. But
           | currently you usually need loyal people to sift through data
           | and to act on it.
           | 
           | With advanced ML tools, you can analyze every person's entire
           | personality, beliefs, social status, etc. And if they align
           | with your goals, you can promote them, if not, you can
           | disadvantage them.
           | 
           | 2a) This works if you're a rich person deciding whose medical
           | bills you will pay (and one such person was recently killed
           | for abusing this power).
           | 
           | 2b) This works if you're a rich person owning a social
           | network by deciding who's opinions will be more or less
           | visible to others. You can shape entire public discourse and
           | make entire opinions and topics invisible to those who have
           | not already been exposed to them. For example one such
           | censored topic in western discourse is when the use of
           | violence is justified and moral. The west, at least for now,
           | is willing to celebrate moral acts of violence in the past
           | (French revolution, American civil war, assassination of
           | Reinhard Heydrich) but discussion of situations where
           | violence should be used in recent times is taboo and "banned"
           | on many centrally moderated platforms.
           | 
           | 2c) And obviously nation states have insane amount of info on
           | both their own citizens and those from other nation states.
           | They already leads to selective enforcement (everybody is
           | guilty of something) and it can get even worse when the
           | government becomes more totalitarian. Can you imagine current
           | China ever having a revolution and reinstating democracy? I
           | can't because any dissent will be stopped before it reaches
           | critical mass.
           | 
           | So states which are currently totalitarian are very unlikely
           | to restore democracy and states which are currently
           | democracies are prone to increasingly totalitarian rule by
           | manipulation from rich individuals - see point 2b.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | So you worked there 10 years, made your stack of cash, and then
         | had a moral reckoning? So brave.
        
           | ornornor wrote:
           | Not ideal I guess but better than no reckoning at all.
        
           | palata wrote:
           | Have you been offered a job in a BigTech that pays 3 times
           | your current salary, and did you decline it?
           | 
           | It's easy to criticise others when you are not confronted to
           | the situation.
        
             | bdangubic wrote:
             | 100% - however, if you are great enough to get such an
             | offer from bigtech you won't really worry about your
             | finances...
             | 
             | younger-me, I would 100% take the money. older-and-wiser me
             | would not even apply to begin with
        
         | ninalanyon wrote:
         | > There's a non-zero chance that AI is one of the most
         | destructive creations in human history
         | 
         | Geoffrey Hinton was interviewed by Sajid Javid on BBC R4 on
         | Friday [1] and was considerable more pessimistic. If I hear it
         | correctly he reckoned that there is a 10% to 30% chance that AI
         | wipes us out within the next 30 years.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0kbsg05
        
       | imglorp wrote:
       | Regarding his ask that ACM dedicate itself to the public good,
       | the IEEE is already there in its code of ethics.
       | 
       | > hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public,
       | to strive to comply with ethical design and sustainable
       | development practices, to protect the privacy of others, and to
       | disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the
       | environment
       | 
       | That code is pretty squarely at odds with big tech's latest
       | malevolent aims.
        
       | ajuc wrote:
       | I really like Timothy Snyder's take on this.
       | 
       | Breakthroughs in information technology always cause disruption
       | in the political meaning (wars and chaos). It was like that when
       | writing was invented (making big organized religions possible),
       | it was the same with printing press (allowing reformation and big
       | political movements), it was similar with radio (which allowed
       | 20-th century style totalitarian regimes).
       | 
       | Each time the legacy powers struggled to survive and wars
       | started. It took some time for the societies to adapt and
       | regulate the new technologies and create a new stable
       | equilibrium.
       | 
       | It's not surprising that it's the same with internet. We have
       | unstable wild-west style information oligarchy forming before our
       | eyes. The moguls build continent-spanning empires. There's no
       | regulation, the costs are negligible, and the only ones trying to
       | control it are the authoritarians. And the new oligarchs are
       | obviously fighting with their thought-control powers against the
       | regulation with all they've got.
       | 
       | It won't end without fireworks.
        
       | richrichie wrote:
       | > In fact, our current climate crisis is a demonstrated market
       | failure.
       | 
       | This wrong on so many levels. There is neither a climate crisis
       | nor a market failure. If any, central economies exhibited (and
       | exhibit) higher levels of pollution and destruction of public
       | good.
       | 
       | Mindless repetition of the climate crisis trope has done more
       | damage to the cause than carbon emissions.
        
         | metabagel wrote:
         | So, there's no climate crisis, and also it's caused by "central
         | economies"? (I don't know what those are, but they sound bad.)
        
       | CalChris wrote:
       | I didn't think the Cambridge Analytica scandal had anything at
       | all to do with computer science. I thought it had to do with
       | business and hence business ethics.
        
       | lisper wrote:
       | > It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his
       | salary depends on his not understanding it.
       | 
       | I'm going to have to add that my list of favorite aphorisms. And
       | it's not just salaries that drive this dynamic. It is difficult
       | to get someone to understand something when their entire identity
       | is invested in not understanding it. This applies to religions,
       | political ideologies, and even to a lot of self-styled
       | rationalism.
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | "But in my January 2019 Communications column,^b I dismissed the
       | ethical-crisis vibe. I wrote, "If society finds the surveillance
       | business model offensive, then the remedy is public policy, in
       | the form of laws and regulations, rather than an ethics outrage."
       | I now think, however, I was wrong."
        
       | calibas wrote:
       | > the belief in the magical power of the free market always to
       | serve the public good has no theoretical basis
       | 
       | This needs to be repeated more often.
       | 
       | Early on, there was this idea that free market capitalism was
       | inherently amoral, and we had to do things like "vote with your
       | wallet" to enforce some kind of morality on the system. This has
       | been gradually replaced with a pseudo-religious idea that there's
       | some inherent "virtue" to capitalism. You just need to have faith
       | in the system, and everything will magically work itself out.
        
       | snnsbsnshs wrote:
       | I work on software for managing casinos. I feel morally superior.
       | Big tech has real problems if working with gambling and weaponry
       | is preferable to big tech.
        
         | sadeshmukh wrote:
         | How do you feel morally superior? Casinos are built to only
         | extract money from people - they provide minimal value.
        
       | recursivedoubts wrote:
       | "In a sort of ghastly simplicity we remove the organ and demand
       | the function. We make men without chests and expect of them
       | virtue and enterprise. We laugh at honour and are shocked to find
       | traitors in our midst. We castrate and bid the geldings be
       | fruitful."
        
       | csours wrote:
       | 'Never attribute to ethics that which can be explained by
       | incentives' - Hanlon's Hammer
       | 
       | 'Show me an organization's stupidity and I'll show you their
       | malice' - Munger's Psychology of Human Misquotations
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | One ethical thing that some people on HN do, and more should:
       | criticize big companies when they do something unethical, even if
       | you'd want to work for them.
       | 
       | Yes, presumably, you will get on some company-wide hiring
       | denylists. (Not because you're prominent, but because there will
       | be routine LLM-powered "corporate fit" checks, against massive
       | corpora and streams of ongoing surveillance capitalism monitoring
       | of most things being said.)
       | 
       | Some things need to be said. And people need to not just hear it
       | once, and forget it, but to hear it from many people, on an
       | ongoing basis. So not saying it is being complicit.
        
       | efitz wrote:
       | How do I reason ethically about this?
       | 
       | I am a security professional. My work directly affects the
       | security of the systems I am responsible for. If I do my job
       | well, people's data is less likely to be stolen, leaked,
       | intentionally corrupted, or held for ransom. I also influence
       | privacy related decisions.
       | 
       | I work for a Mag7 company. The company has many divisions; the
       | division I work for doesn't seem to be doing anything that I
       | would perceive as unethical, but other divisions of my company do
       | behave in a way I consider unethical.
       | 
       | I'm not afraid to take an ethical stance; in a previous job at
       | another company I have directly confronted my management chain
       | about questionable behavior and threatened to quit (I ended up
       | convincing them my position was correct).
       | 
       | So how do I reason about that? Really the sticking point is that
       | large companies are not monoliths. Am I acting unethically for
       | working for an ethical division of an imperfect company?
        
         | redelbee wrote:
         | There are many ways to reason ethically about your situation,
         | and you could start by using historical philosophers as
         | inspiration.
         | 
         | Bentham might apply if you consider the overall outcome: is the
         | work your company does positive or ethical for the majority of
         | people the majority of the time? It seems like the "greatest
         | good for the greatest number" would allow for some small
         | unethical aspects so long as the outcome is good for the
         | majority. This could also be seen as a shortcoming in that
         | philosophy because it justifies some pretty terrible actions
         | for the greater good (some of which, like the Manhattan project
         | and its outcome, are mentioned elsewhere in this thread).
         | 
         | Kant might make you look at your company and imagine that all
         | companies acted that way as a way to reason ethically. If all
         | companies acted the way your company acts would that be good or
         | bad for humanity? Kind of like the golden rule, but more
         | rational.
         | 
         | There are many more to consider but it's my view that most of
         | them will get you to the point where you probably shouldn't
         | work for an unethical company, even if your particular work or
         | area of focus is perfectly ethical. Mainly because you working
         | for the company allows or helps it to exist in some way, and we
         | don't want unethical companies to exist. So maybe you could
         | reason your way into working there if your sole focus was
         | finding a way to destroy the company somehow. Otherwise it's
         | probably better to work elsewhere.
        
           | efitz wrote:
           | Thank you!
           | 
           | As an aside, I consider anything that actively subverts the
           | company, beyond whistleblowing, as unethical, and in fact,
           | it's a threat that people like me have to defend against, so
           | I would never involve myself in such activities.
        
         | dclowd9901 wrote:
         | An ethical absolutist would say "yes." But you might guess such
         | a person is not very popular, as there is almost no aspect of
         | simply being alive that could be considered ethical.
        
       | ryukoposting wrote:
       | Thank you! Great to see this message getting a bit of a platform.
       | 
       | As industry practicioners, we have the agency to force positive
       | change in our field. If the government is too encumbered and the
       | executives are too avaricious, that leaves us. If you want tech
       | to do good things for people, work for a company that makes tech
       | that does good things for people.
        
       | petermcneeley wrote:
       | You cant have an ethical crisis if you dont have any morality. Do
       | what thou wilt is our only modern ethos.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _" I bemoaned that humanity seems to be serving technology rather
       | than the other way around. I argued that tech corporations have
       | become too powerful and their power must be curtailed."_
       | 
       | That's a generic problem with corporatism and monopoly, not
       | "tech".
       | 
       | It shows up in "tech" because "tech" scales so well and has such
       | strong network effects. But the US's tolerance of monopoly is the
       | real cause. There need to be about four major players before
       | markets push prices down. The US has three big banks, two big
       | drugstore chains, etc.
       | 
       | Tough antitrust enforcement would help. Google should be broken
       | up into Search, Browsers, Mobile Devices, Ads, and Services, and
       | the units prohibited from contracting with each other.
       | 
       | Tough labor law enforcement would help. No more "gig worker" jobs
       | that are exempt from labor law. No more "wage shaving". No more
       | unpaid overtime. Prorate medical insurance payments based on
       | hours, so companies that won't pay people for more than 30 hours
       | a week pay their fraction of medical insurance. A minimum wage
       | high enough that people making it don't need food stamps.
        
         | ToucanLoucan wrote:
         | I think an under-discussed issue is how companies are allowed
         | to own sub-companies that don't need to necessarily disclose
         | they're owned by a larger conglomerate. Like I don't know how
         | you necessarily solve this, but I think if people, for example,
         | knew the sheer _number_ of snack brands owned by Nabisco, there
         | would be a lot more discussion about corporate consolidation
         | and monopolies.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | > sheer number of snack brands owned by Nabisco
           | 
           | Also Yum and Roark, which, together, own much of fast food.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | > Prorate medical insurance payments based on hours, so
         | companies that won't pay people for more than 30 hours a week
         | pay their fraction of medical insurance
         | 
         | Attaching medical insurance to one's job is a market distortion
         | caused by government tax policy. I.e. it enables one to buy
         | insurance with pre-tax dollars rather than after-tax dollars.
         | Making medical insurance premiums fully tax-deductible would
         | fix that.
         | 
         | > A minimum wage high enough that people making it don't need
         | food stamps.
         | 
         | That just makes those people unemployable, and will need food
         | stamps even more. Nobody is going to hire people who cost more
         | than the value they produce.
         | 
         | > Google should be broken up into Search, Browsers, Mobile
         | Devices, Ads, and Services, and the units prohibited from
         | contracting with each other.
         | 
         | Google is already in trouble because AI is disrupting their
         | search/advertisement business model.
         | 
         | I'd be careful about destroying big business. The US is only
         | part of the world. Destroying US big business means other
         | countries will have those companies, and it's lose lose for the
         | US. Do you want Big Tech to be American companies, or foreign
         | companies?
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | > That just makes those people unemployable, and will need
           | food stamps even more. Nobody is going to hire people who
           | cost more than the value they produce.
           | 
           | Good, a job that cannot support biological needs should not
           | exist. It's not a viable business.
           | 
           | Why should I pay a stealth subsidy to whatever business it
           | is.
           | 
           | > Do you want Big Tech to be American companies, or foreign
           | companies?
           | 
           | This excuse was used to start wars, trample civil rights and
           | employment rights. It basically means we must become like
           | China to beat China. What would be the point?
        
             | ghshephard wrote:
             | > Good, a job that cannot support biological needs should
             | not exist.
             | 
             | There was a time in the not so distant past, that close to
             | 100% of those "Minimum Wage" jobs were held by teenagers
             | and youths with close to zero market value as employees,
             | who needed their first few jobs to develop the skills,
             | knowledge, resume and references so they _could_ get an
             | actual job.
             | 
             | Places like McDonalds and Summer Resorts and Amusement
             | parks - were great places for youth to learn these skills.
             | The real distortion is when you started having _adults_
             | working in McDonalds. It was never a job to support a
             | family - it was a minimum-wage job for kids to get started.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | This is just historically inaccurate (and a regrettably
               | common claim among older conservative-ish folk.
               | 
               | Those "minimum wage" jobs that you had a teenager in the
               | 1950-1986 time period? They paid more than minimum wage
               | does now, on an inflation adjusted basis. That $2/hr job
               | in 1962 would be paying $21/hr if it had kept up with
               | CPI.
               | 
               | That's the whole reason why adults started working in
               | them.
               | 
               | Over time, federal minimum wage did not keep up even with
               | national inflation rates, let alone regional cost of
               | living changes. The result is that these employers, who
               | were once forced to pay even their lowest level employees
               | a living wage, can avoid paying even that.
        
               | grayhatter wrote:
               | all the sources I see say minimum wage should be around
               | 12 USD where did you source the 21USD number?
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | $21 is an MIT-provided living wage number for many parts
               | of the country (including Santa Fe, where I live (or
               | close by)). There are places where that's still not
               | enough: I think $35/hr just about covers anywhere in the
               | US at this point.
               | 
               | It's also the CPI-adjusted equivalent of 1960s minimum
               | wage numbers.
        
               | grayhatter wrote:
               | 1963 @ $1.25 or 1957 @ $1.00
               | 
               | giving me $1.25 * (304.702/30.6) = $12.44 or $1 *
               | (304.702/28.1) = $10.84
               | 
               | my sources:
               | https://www.dir.ca.gov/iwc/minimumwagehistory.htm
               | https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/inflation/consumer-
               | pri...
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | https://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm
               | 
               | January 1962 $2 => Nov 2024 $21.03
               | 
               | Using $1.25 in Jan 1963 gives me $12.97 ...
               | 
               | I used $2 in 1962 because in the 2016 Republican
               | primaries one of the candidates made a reference to their
               | job working in a burger store using these numbers.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | > Good
             | 
             | It's not better to have people have no jobs and require
             | 100% assistance.
             | 
             | > subsidy
             | 
             | Regardless of how you define terms, you'll being paying
             | much more to help them when they are jobless.
             | 
             | > become like China
             | 
             | China has a largely state run economy, with the resulting
             | problems.
        
           | idiotsecant wrote:
           | Is there some evidence that big american companies are less
           | negative than big [insert adversary of the decade] are?
           | 
           | Companies are not bound by morals, national identity, or any
           | interest other than self-perpetuation. They are a virus that
           | we harness to do good. When the virus overwhelms its host,
           | its time for medicine.
        
           | DanHulton wrote:
           | > That just makes those people unemployable, and will need
           | food stamps even more.
           | 
           | This doesn't actually bear out. Minimum wage increases really
           | don't have a history of making minimum wage employees
           | unemployable, or destroying the companies affected. In fact,
           | the opposite tends to happen, as these businesses tend to be
           | frequented by other minimum wage employees as customers, so
           | it ends up being a rising tide that lifts all boats.
           | 
           | > Do you want Big Tech to be American companies, or foreign
           | companies?
           | 
           | I'd argue that you can't just airdrop these companies into
           | another country and have them be as successful as they are.
           | Even with much stricter monopoly laws, there is a LOT about
           | America that incentivizes these companies to locate there,
           | and frankly I'm not convinced they'd move.
           | 
           | And as a Canadian, I don't even want Big Tech to be American.
           | =) The US is only part of the world, as you said, but your
           | lax and corrupt legal system is polluting the world with
           | these dangerous megacorps.
           | 
           | Don't get me wrong, we're none better, our system would allow
           | for nearly the same abuse, were it not for the fact that our
           | whole country is smaller in population that California. But
           | the point remains that there's a lot of the world that is
           | looking on in horror at these rampaging monster companies and
           | is not in any way assured by the "at least they're American"
           | defense.
        
             | nox101 wrote:
             | > This doesn't actually bear out. Minimum wage increases
             | really don't have a history of making minimum wage
             | employees unemployable, or destroying the companies
             | affected. In fact, the opposite tends to happen, as these
             | businesses tend to be frequented by other minimum wage
             | employees as customers, so it ends up being a rising tide
             | that lifts all boats.
             | 
             | It's not nearly that settled
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wvr0NhYfkO4
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8H4yp8Fbi-Y
        
               | grayhatter wrote:
               | I'll give you the economist as an acceptable source...
               | but reasontv has a habit of omitting easy to access data
               | that's detrimental to the argument they started with.
               | While that lack of candor might not be disqualifying,
               | it's dishonest when you also present yourself as a
               | journalist.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | > Making medical insurance premiums fully tax-deductible
           | would fix that.
           | 
           | They more or less are, for those who pay for their own health
           | insurance.
           | 
           | Why would have the same rule for those who receive health
           | insurance as part of an overall W2/labor-based compensation
           | contract?
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | No, the insurance premiums aren't tax deductible.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Line 17, Schedule 1: "Self-employed health insurance
               | deduction"
               | 
               | https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i1040gi#en_US_2024_publi
               | nk1...
               | 
               | "You may be able to deduct the amount you paid for health
               | insurance (which includes medical, dental, and vision
               | insurance and qualified long-term care insurance) for
               | yourself, your spouse, and your dependents. "
               | 
               | "One of the following statements must be true.
               | You were self-employed and had a net profit for the year
               | reported on Schedule C or F.              You were a
               | partner with net earnings from self-employment.
               | You used one of the optional methods to figure your net
               | earnings from self-employment on Schedule SE.
               | You received wages in 2024 from an S corporation in which
               | you were a more-than-2% shareholder. Health insurance
               | premiums paid or reimbursed by the S corporation are
               | shown as wages on Form W-2.
        
           | drewcoo wrote:
           | > Attaching medical insurance to one's job is a market
           | distortion caused by government tax policy
           | 
           | Here in the US, FDR had a wage freeze as part of his policies
           | [1] to deal with the continuing Great Depression that WWII
           | had not stopped yet by 1942. Because of that, companies
           | needed to get inventive about ways to increase benefits but
           | not illegally increase wages. Companies started offering
           | insurance plans.
           | 
           | That's where the employment/insurance coupling started.
           | 
           | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilization_Act_of_1942
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | That's correct.
        
         | narski wrote:
         | >Google should be broken up into Search, Browsers, Mobile
         | Devices, Ads, and Services, and the units prohibited from
         | contracting with each other.
         | 
         | I admire the general spirit of your comment, but this specific
         | example seems off to me. Search and browsers, for example,
         | don't make sense as independent businesses. Rather, they are
         | products based off of Ads.
         | 
         | Maybe the idea would be for Ads to pay Search to include their
         | ads, and for Search to pay Browsers to be the default search
         | engine?
        
         | from-nibly wrote:
         | Having monopolies is not a symptom of government negligence.
         | It's the system working as intended.
        
         | dmoy wrote:
         | > The US has three big banks
         | 
         | ? I thought we still had the big four? Chase, BoA, Citi, WF?
         | And if you're talking about just consumer banking, US Bank is
         | only ~30% behind #4 (Citi).
        
           | dghlsakjg wrote:
           | The US also has a relatively huge amount of small banks that
           | are specialized in financing niches. It's actually a huge
           | competitive advantage. If I want a bank that specializes in
           | loans for PNW fishing boats, that exists, and they are able
           | to competitively price a loan that BoA won't even consider.
           | 
           | The flip side is that big banks are great at driving down
           | costs for standard operations (when there are enough of them
           | to be competitive). If all I need is a business checking
           | account as a consultant, I can access that for no cost via
           | one of the giants.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | Wells Fargo, maybe.[1]
           | 
           | And we need Glass-Stegall back. Banks and brokerages should
           | be separate. There is no good reason that Goldman Sachs
           | should be a bank, other than for bailouts, which is why they
           | became a bank.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/WFC/wells-
           | fargo/to...
        
         | oooyay wrote:
         | The hyperfocus on shareholder returns is also worth mentioning.
         | It's tangentially related to a monopolistic trajectory. Instead
         | of a company being _really good_ at solving problems in a
         | particular domain they attempt to serve _many_ mediocre
         | solutions in a variety of domains. Shareholders, VCs, and the
         | like encourage this lack of focus on quality and replace it
         | with a focus on margins. The solution for low margins is lower
         | head count and greater diversification of SKUs. For many
         | companies, it 's a recipe for enshittification and spirals into
         | mediocrity. Not to mention, when a company enters this phase
         | the lives of employees begin to suffer greatly.
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | > Google should be broken up into Search, Browsers, Mobile
         | Devices, Ads, and Services, and the units prohibited from
         | contracting with each other.
         | 
         | Why Google? Every single day there are articles here on HN with
         | many comments explaining that Google is done due to LLMs
         | replacing search.
         | 
         | Google market cap: $2.3 bn
         | 
         | Microsoft market cap: $3.2 bn
         | 
         | Break up Microsoft. And for good this time.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | > There need to be about four major players before markets push
         | prices dow
         | 
         | Not at all sure that prices are the problem here, nor that
         | markets can solve the actual problems.
        
         | nox101 wrote:
         | Apple should also be broken up into hardware/os, app store,
         | services, payments, media
         | 
         | Your car shouldn't decide who you can do business with nor
         | should it get a fee from every store you drive to. It shouldn't
         | push it's own payment system for all purchases. And neither
         | should a pocket computer do these things
        
         | timoth3y wrote:
         | > "I bemoaned that humanity seems to be serving technology
         | rather than the other > way around. I argued that tech
         | corporations have become too powerful and their > power must be
         | curtailed." > That's a generic problem with corporatism and
         | monopoly, not "tech".
         | 
         | If you wound enjoy a deep and rigorous treatment of this
         | subject, I strongly recommend Martin Heidegger's "The Question
         | Concerning Technology."
         | 
         | He argues that modern technology is fundamentally different
         | from historical technology, and that corporatism and monopoly
         | are the inevitable result of technology.
        
       | lazzlazzlazz wrote:
       | The "ethics crisis", as described here, is the complaining of one
       | ruling elite (traditional media, universities, bureaucrats, etc.)
       | against another upcoming elite (tech). The problem is that all of
       | the power is accruing to tech -- at the expense of the competing,
       | traditional elites.
       | 
       | An even bigger problem is that most of the economic and social
       | benefits have come from technology. This even includes shorter
       | work weeks and paid leave (typically falsely credited to unions)
       | and greater disposable income, which have come from technology
       | (broadly speaking) and not from activism.
       | 
       | A tech "ethics crisis" and the "dangerous" profit motive are just
       | renewed attacks against capitalism, and "tech" is itself just the
       | tip of the spear of capitalism (and the cultural nom de guerre of
       | capitalism's elites).
        
       | palata wrote:
       | > "It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his
       | salary depends on his not understanding it,"
       | 
       | This says it all.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | > But the belief in the magical power of the free market always
       | to serve the public good has no theoretical basis.f In fact, our
       | current climate crisis is a demonstrated market failure.
       | 
       | It's not a free market failure. It's an example of the _Tragedy
       | of the Commons_.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons
        
         | metabagel wrote:
         | It's both.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | The Commons is not owned by anyone, and so property rights
           | are not in play. Property rights are essential to the proper
           | functioning of the free market.
        
         | BitterCritter wrote:
         | I think that's like saying a square is not a rectangle.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | The Tragedy of the Commons is characteristic of Marxist
           | economies, not free markets.
        
       | aristofun wrote:
       | I wonder why it is often the case that people talking about
       | ethics are the ones that looks like the least competent or decent
       | to do so.
        
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