[HN Gopher] BioTerrorism Will Save Your Life with the 4 Thieves ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       BioTerrorism Will Save Your Life with the 4 Thieves Vinegar
       Collective [video]
        
       Author : doener
       Score  : 131 points
       Date   : 2024-12-29 09:47 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (media.ccc.de)
 (TXT) w3m dump (media.ccc.de)
        
       | aszantu wrote:
       | Thanks! Will look into it later!
        
       | ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7 wrote:
       | A few of many related past discussions:
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41474080
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17629436
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15467379
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29807454
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27661637
        
       | dennis_jeeves2 wrote:
       | I like the spirit of what they are doing.
        
       | Metacelsus wrote:
       | https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/anarchist-drugs-ag...
       | 
       | >"Our ultimate hope is to get to a point where we're no longer
       | necessary because the notion of DIY medicine, no matter anybody's
       | opinion of it is common enough that if it comes up in
       | conversation, someone can say 'Oh I'm just going to 3D print a
       | replacement'".
       | 
       | >No, no, that is not going to be happening any time soon, or
       | (frankly) at all. I could go one for another couple of thousand
       | words about why that is, about solvents, waste disposal,
       | availability of starting materials, purification, analytical
       | data, formulations, particle size, excipients, and plenty of
       | other topics that complicate that vision enormously. But really,
       | why bother? The people who believe this stuff when they hear it
       | will not be persuaded, because I'm obviously a Big Pharma Shill.
       | Perhaps it will be worthwhile to just note that anyone who
       | actually knows about drug synthesis and manufacture just rolls
       | their eyes when this sort of thing comes up, rather than shaking
       | with fear that their livelihood is under attack. It's like saying
       | that you're going to make your own aluminum foil.
       | 
       | >But I'm sure that no matter what, Four Thieves will continue to
       | make a big noise at biohacker events and the like, giving
       | exciting presentations about how they're changing the world. But
       | it's all. . .a joke. A show. Performance art. A cartoon. I hope
       | they're enjoying themselves.
        
         | borski wrote:
         | This is a tone-deaf response that essentially boils down to
         | "they're small and it still isn't trivial to do, so they don't
         | matter."
         | 
         | This reminds me very much of the comments on HN when Dropbox
         | first launched, swearing that nobody would ever need it because
         | everyone can just do what they've already always done.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | It's the opposite of the Dropbox comment, which asserted it
           | was already easy to do. This criticism asserts it's too hard.
        
             | borski wrote:
             | Sorry, the implication was that it's "easy to do" insofar
             | as simply getting it from a pharma manufacturer.
             | 
             | The problem is getting the drugs you need is _not_ easy to
             | do, and while 4 thieves isn't "easy" yet, it actually is
             | way easier than arguing with insurance, needing a PA,
             | getting a letter of medical necessity, only to still get
             | rejected, and then having to argue with your state
             | insurance board through an IMR.
             | 
             | That's what I meant. All it takes is one or a few people to
             | start doing this for friends, and it begins to spread.
             | 
             | And that says nothing of when Shkreli or anyone else jacks
             | up the price of an important life-saving medication simply
             | because, well, they can.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | > All it takes is one or a few people to start doing this
               | for friends, and it begins to spread.
               | 
               | Has this in fact happened?
               | 
               | If the drugs are "actually" cheap and easy to make, I
               | suggest importing them from India. If they aren't
               | "actually" easy to make, you aren't going to successfully
               | make them.
        
               | borski wrote:
               | Yes, it has. Abortion access is one example.
        
               | HarryHirsch wrote:
               | Regular people would buy their mifepristone from across
               | the border, in Mexico or ask a friendly Mexican. That's
               | the correct way of hacking the system, not that kind of
               | circus show.
               | 
               | That said, one wishes that you hadn't dragged abortion
               | in, they use it to derail the discussion around universal
               | medical care. Hey, you can't afford the dentist, but at
               | least we fight for abortion.
        
               | borski wrote:
               | Perhaps, consider, that there may be more than one way to
               | skin a cat.
        
               | emmelaich wrote:
               | A bit of googling tells me that over 2/3rds of USA states
               | allow mifepristone. And the Supreme Court unanimously
               | rejected an effort to restrict access to it earlier this
               | year.
        
         | 0xcde4c3db wrote:
         | I get the snark on the technical merits, but saying that Four
         | Thieves is just a joke is sort of like saying that Luigi
         | Mangione is just a murderer. The reason that they have such
         | notoriety is that countless people are deeply disappointed and
         | frustrated by the state of the systems that they're lashing out
         | against. It's arguably a cousin to the Silicon Valley
         | "disruption" mindset: playing by the rules has only made things
         | stagnant (if not worse), so the new heroes are the ones who
         | make their own rules.
        
         | hooverd wrote:
         | Personally, I find this guy to be unbearably smug.
        
           | fl0id wrote:
           | This. And it's partially not even true. They clearly did
           | create a lot of resources, that they present on their website
           | and GitHub. Is everybody printing their own meds at home yet?
           | No, and I get that the people might be offputting if they
           | react quite confident but they can still do very good and
           | very valuable work.
        
         | motohagiography wrote:
         | Is the 4thieves content specifically wrong? I would rather take
         | some risk with some autonomy than be subject to dealing with
         | the sort of people I have encountered in the drugs and illness
         | business, like said author.
         | 
         | hacking is a way to provide dignity to people in how they
         | relate to systems. be warey of the ones who object to that.
        
           | tqi wrote:
           | Are you going to dispose of your waste responsibily, or are
           | you going to just dismiss local regulations as "infringements
           | of your freedom" and dump it down the drain? Are you going to
           | make sure your manufacturing processes don't create problems
           | for your neighbors, or are you just going to say "screw them,
           | it's my house" and be on your merry way?
        
             | fullspectrumdev wrote:
             | Funnily, responsible waste management has been an
             | _extremely_ well covered topic in a lot of the DIY science
             | /chemistry forums over the years.
             | 
             | It's even come up regularly on YouTube channels like
             | NileRed/NileBlue - he has a couple of videos on processing
             | wastes/cleanup work done after a reaction.
        
       | georgeburdell wrote:
       | I'm put off by their website. It seems too well crafted for their
       | main focus to be on their stated goal of giving individuals the
       | tools to treat themselves. The actual aim seems closer to
       | marketing or perhaps influencing public discourse on the subject
       | 
       | https://fourthievesvinegar.org/
        
         | saagarjha wrote:
         | ...which would be one way of giving individuals those tools,
         | no?
        
         | mandmandam wrote:
         | I would imagine that there are many designers out there who
         | would be very happy to contribute to a project like this on a
         | volunteer basis.
         | 
         | Also, purposely making your website look less "well crafted"
         | strikes me as quite cynical (and almost certainly
         | counterproductive).
         | 
         | > The actual aim seems closer to marketing or perhaps
         | influencing public discourse on the subject
         | 
         | A worthy aim, no?
         | 
         | ... How much do giant drug corps spend on marketing? Last I
         | remember, it was more than they spend on drug development; in
         | the _tens of billions_ of dollars annually. In this context,
         | quibbling that a website seems too nice seems remarkably
         | misguided.
         | 
         | Finally, considering how much effort has been put into helping
         | people actually make these things - far more than anyone else!
         | - I think trying to redefine their aim to be just marketing is
         | deeply unfair.
        
         | Hasu wrote:
         | > It seems too well crafted for their main focus to be on their
         | stated goal of giving individuals the tools to treat
         | themselves.
         | 
         | Is this how you think about everything? Do you go to a
         | restaurant with nice chairs and think, "The food here must
         | suck, they spend too much money on the furniture"?
        
           | georgeburdell wrote:
           | When it's a small operation, yes I get suspicious that
           | they're not focusing on their stated mission with their
           | limited resources. Also, ambience is part of the sensory
           | pleasure of a restaurant.
        
           | Dilettante_ wrote:
           | Hell yeah, you know the best food comes from the dingiest
           | joints
        
         | noxer wrote:
         | They do the whole warrant canary completely wrong tho.
        
         | gcr wrote:
         | I'd argue that the political message is indivisible from the
         | information-giving message in this case. Most of the groups
         | doing this are in the business because they have a distrust for
         | authority, desire to help community, etc. Shouldn't we expect
         | their messaging to be a little on the anarchist or libertarian
         | side?
        
       | HarryHirsch wrote:
       | The whole show feels like the financial literacy courses that are
       | being offered by credit card companies. The system is stacked
       | against the individual, we need to keep the notion of "personal
       | responsibility" alive. Do we want this future:
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/26/world/americas/mexican-ca...
       | 
       | I know people who cook their own medicine, but they are trained
       | as chemists or microbiologists and have access to lab facilities.
       | If Joe Sixpack stated doing his own, it'd look like so:
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/26/world/americas/mexican-ca...
       | 
       | We know that niche stuff like Daraprim or trientine is easy to
       | produce because it used to be cheap before the financializers got
       | there. I'm not yet convinced that the solution is to cook your
       | own, one should lean on the government to have a national
       | facility.
        
         | portaouflop wrote:
         | I'm not an US citizen but it seems that people in the US just
         | die because they don't get the medicine they need to juice up
         | profits. I'm sure the coming gov won't improve that. In that
         | situation I can empathise with people who "cook their own". I
         | am sure you would do the same if the alternative is agonising
         | slow death.
         | 
         | There are many countries - for example Cuba - that can't rely
         | on these systems - they need to cook their own.
         | 
         | Is your proposal to rely on the government really realistic in
         | those scenarios?
        
         | bdndndndbve wrote:
         | It takes a diversity of tactics to overcome an adversary as
         | entrenched as the pharmaceutical industry. I don't believe in
         | their wild "one day everyone will manufacture their own
         | medication" BS, but it's valuable to keep this knowledge in the
         | public consciousness. If for no other reason to remind us that
         | Big Pharma is gouging patients for life-saving drugs that are
         | cheap and simple to manufacture.
        
           | HarryHirsch wrote:
           | With certain niche medications like trientine it used to be a
           | small manufacturer, the scale of a man with a garage, who had
           | the FDA registration and sold the stuff for a price that
           | allowed him to make a living. That worked fine, until
           | investment banking got there, and raised the price to
           | whatever the market would bear.
           | 
           | Those days are gone, like the old web. Not sure, if the DIY
           | movement can put enough pressure on the drug cartel to drop
           | prices. Then again, university librarians had been
           | complaining about Elsevier since the 1990's, but nothing got
           | done until Sci-Hub appeared. That's the hammer argument
           | against _Crito_.
        
       | 8bitbeep wrote:
       | > We all know that custom, hand-made, artisan-crafted, boutique
       | tools are always better than something factory made.
       | 
       | Right. We all know the best chips in the world are made by local
       | artisan silicon-etchers. None of that TSMC pasteurized crap. You
       | simply can't beat a 1nm brush and a steady hand. We all know this
       | industrial revolution thing was a mistake.
        
         | portaouflop wrote:
         | Sure if you apply enough mental gymnastics you can invalidate
         | any claim.
         | 
         | Good faith reading of his argument would be that a custom,
         | artisan crafted hammer is better than a factory made one. I
         | can't say if that is true or not but using chips as an example-
         | probably the most complex man made thing- is bad faith
         | argumentation
        
           | NeutralCrane wrote:
           | Given that the application here is molecular chemistry aimed
           | at targeting human biology, one of the few problems equally
           | complex as computer chips, I would say their analogy is far
           | more appropriate than a _hammer_.
        
             | fumeux_fume wrote:
             | That specific sentence is making an analogy using handmade
             | tools. A hammer is an ideal example of a tool. You would
             | expect to find a hammer in a toolbox. A computer chip is
             | not an ideal example of a tool. You would not expect to
             | find a computer chip in a toolbox.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Laser level, boroscope, camera stud-finder, thermal
               | camera, laser tape measure, multimeter, battery
               | management system on a lithum-something battery pack for
               | power tools; those are all gonna have IC chips in them
               | and it wouldn't be unreasonable to find them in a
               | professional's toolbox.
        
             | portaouflop wrote:
             | Creating a medicine such as the ones mentioned in the talk
             | is FAR more simple than creating microchips - as a starter
             | you don't need a billion dollar worth clean room and
             | equipment as they clearly demonstrate.
             | 
             | So yea human biology is as complex if not more complex I
             | agree - creating medicine after a proven recipe is not.
        
           | timon999 wrote:
           | If someone claims that X is "always"(!) the case, then giving
           | just one example where X is not the case counts as a
           | refutation. The statement that the GP quoted is just
           | obviously false and there is nothing "bad faith" about
           | pointing that out.
        
             | mistermann wrote:
             | One some topics this is realized and praised on HN.
             | 
             | On other topics, the cognition flips.
             | 
             | This is the nature of evolved, culturally conditioned
             | consciousness (one of the things most HN'ers like talking
             | about from an abstract perspective, but _really_ don 't
             | like talking about at the object level during discussions
             | of certain controversial ideas, when heuristics have taken
             | control of the mind).
             | 
             | For fun: observe the nature of comments in this thread from
             | a meta perspective of a curious alien observer.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Most of the people here aren't biochemists, hence q
               | "biochemistry = scary untouchable magic" POV. But for
               | those that have done the chemistry in a university
               | setting before and gone on to being professionals in the
               | field, know the plant-based history of the field, as well
               | as the history of synthesizing "stuff" and ingesting it,
               | by certain individuals in the field.
               | 
               | it's important to get the chemistry right, but if you
               | know the failure modes, it's far less of a black box and
               | thus less scary.
        
             | wlesieutre wrote:
             | There's not even much argument for it being true in _most_
             | cases.
             | 
             | Artisan made tools compared to _high end_ tools from a
             | factory are more like a mechanical watch compared to an
             | electronic one. It might be a cool mechanism and a more
             | unique statement piece than an Apple Watch, but it sure
             | won't keep better time.
        
             | portaouflop wrote:
             | The question if there is such a thing as "truth" (an
             | universally true statement) is probably the hardest
             | philosophical problem in humanities history- of course that
             | is not what we were discussing and for that reason your
             | argument here is also in bad faith
        
               | timon999 wrote:
               | I don't see why the nature of truth is relevant here,
               | unless you are claiming that we can't make deductive
               | arguments about anything ever (I never used the word
               | "truth" in my comment anyway). Also, constant accusations
               | of "bad faith", i.e. dishonesty, are poor debate
               | etiquette and just give the impression that you have no
               | point to make on the object level.
        
           | mistermann wrote:
           | Live by the sword die by the sword.
        
             | cess11 wrote:
             | It's a good day to die.
        
         | namuol wrote:
         | I don't think this analogy resonates particularly well with the
         | drug manufacturing process.
         | 
         | I would think in general the bulk of the expense of a drug
         | comes from its R&D, not manufacture. The cost of manufacture
         | probably varies wildly (with the most expensive being bespoke
         | treatments), but as the talk shows, there have been many
         | examples where a (relatively) simple-to-manufacture drug is
         | kept from those who need it due to prices that do not reflect
         | the cost of manufacture.
         | 
         | Will most drugs be easy to make at home? Probably not, but
         | enough probably can be that I wouldn't dismiss the idea because
         | of some rhetorical overreach.
        
           | 8bitbeep wrote:
           | True, it's just that the original quote is hard swallow. Try
           | melting sand and polishing your own lenses and compare that
           | to a US$ 5 glass.
        
           | bsder wrote:
           | > Will most drugs be easy to make at home? Probably not, but
           | enough probably can be that I wouldn't dismiss the idea
           | because of some rhetorical overreach.
           | 
           | Ever watch a non-chef bake a cake? If you have, that
           | experience should give you _great_ concern about people
           | playing with drug recipes.
           | 
           | In addition, most drugs do not have a "nice" synthesis that
           | doesn't leave a whole bunch of glop in the afterproducts.
           | Distilling alcohol is about as easy as it gets and yet people
           | wind up poisoned from homemade hooch all the time.
        
           | miki123211 wrote:
           | > I would think in general the bulk of the expense of a drug
           | comes from its R&D
           | 
           | Not just its R&D, but also the R&D of the 10 other drugs
           | which looked promising, had a lot of money invested in them,
           | but didn't end up working out in the end.
           | 
           | You could very easily pass a law invalidating all drug
           | patents, and making generics for any drug easily available.
           | This would make all drug prices go down drastically. It would
           | definitely work, there's no question about it. The anti-
           | capitalists are very much right about this.
           | 
           | What they're missing, though, is that this law would
           | completely remove the incentive to make any new drugs. The
           | progress of medicine would instantly slow down to a halt. All
           | existing drugs would be very close to free, but all
           | currently-uncured illnesses would forever stay uncured.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | > All existing drugs would be very close to free, but all
             | currently-uncured illnesses would forever stay uncured.
             | 
             | Unless there's government funding.
             | 
             | Also consider that for both patents and government funding,
             | there are other jurisdictions which won't do what your
             | government does, so there's a Nash equilibrium problem
             | where every country has people who want to defect (delete
             | patents) to get free stuff whose research was paid for by
             | the profit margin in the jurisdiction which keeps the
             | patents.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | Sounds like my artisinal Certificate Authority, all signatures
         | are hand multiplied by human computers!
        
       | barfolomew wrote:
       | Jesse, we need to cook.
        
       | Aurornis wrote:
       | A lot of people miss the fact that this is more art project than
       | practical solution. It's meant to make a statement, but they have
       | cherry-picked some extremely simple drugs to synthesize to make
       | their point.
       | 
       | I have some online friends who met through a forum for their rare
       | condition. The forum they're in had a splinter group dedicated to
       | getting companies in China to synthesize experimental drugs for
       | them that they couldn't secure through normal channels, either
       | because they hadn't been approved yet or because they were
       | expensive and off-label so nobody would even prescribe them.
       | 
       | Even contracting with professional chemical synthesis operations
       | in foreign countries turned out to be more difficult than they
       | imagined. Several companies would take their deposit, then refund
       | part of it after several months because they could never get the
       | synthesis to work properly. They received one batch that tested
       | as being so impure that it was useless.
       | 
       | Projects like this convince people that all drugs are actually
       | really easy to make, when in reality this project has carefully
       | selected the most simple examples to make that misleading point.
        
         | germandiago wrote:
         | The story probably has two sides, as you mention.
         | 
         | However, I think everyone should be in charge of their own
         | decisions, including taking not approved drugs, without being
         | considered criminals or similar, under their strict own
         | responsibility.
        
           | abduhl wrote:
           | This question is pedantic but I'll ask it anyways: is it
           | actually illegal to take an unapproved drug? Sale of,
           | marketing for, distribution, etc. all might be (are?) illegal
           | but is TAKING an unapproved drug illegal? I can't believe it
           | is, there's an entire industry that peddles nootropics and
           | supplements. My understanding has always been that if you can
           | get it (however that is), you can take it without issue
           | (although you obviously might have broken a possession law at
           | some point).
        
             | soulofmischief wrote:
             | Depending on the drug, it can be illegal for certain
             | professionals to create, procure or otherwise transfer
             | possession or sell it to you. It's not even illegal to
             | consume heroin or crack in normal circumstances, it's only
             | the possession itself which is illegal.
             | 
             | Depends on the state, but unscheduled drugs don't typically
             | have possession laws. However, if you use an illegal method
             | to acquire them, and in some case all realistic methods are
             | illegal, you can get in trouble for that.
        
             | _DeadFred_ wrote:
             | Isn't the FDAs rule it becomes controlled once the active
             | ingredient in the supplement is proven to have significant
             | pharmacological effects on health conditions? So you can
             | take it up to and until it becomes clear it has a benefit
             | to you, the you can only take the FDA approved version.
        
         | mistermann wrote:
         | >when in reality this project has carefully selected the most
         | simple examples to make that misleading point.
         | 
         | Can you quote that part?
        
         | snakeyjake wrote:
         | >Projects like this convince people that all drugs are actually
         | really easy to make, when in reality this project has carefully
         | selected the most simple examples to make that misleading
         | point.
         | 
         | For the last thirty or so years ccc has mainly been a place for
         | people to lie or exaggerate on stage in order to promote their
         | security consulting firm or other freelance project.
         | 
         | So this is to be expected.
         | 
         | If replication in psychology is a crisis, the replication of
         | results from hacker conference talks is an extinction-level
         | apocalypse.
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | ok but the opposite is also annoying.. where professionals
           | make tiny, safe comments, and their management never
           | discloses at all..
           | 
           | SO you get a nightclub environment like a stage.. let them do
           | it, obviously useful things come out sometimes.
        
         | fullspectrumdev wrote:
         | Contacts for _reliable_ contract synthesis labs in China are
         | kind of a closely held secret.
         | 
         | Before the 2017 "general ban" on psychoactive substances in the
         | UK there was a thriving industry where "entrepreneurs" with the
         | contacts for such labs would hire chemists to find them a new
         | candidate analogue/derivative of say, a stimulant or
         | hallucinogen or whatever, knock together a synthesis route, see
         | if it works, and then have it manufactured in bulk for resale
         | to head shops.
         | 
         | A small number of people got incredibly rich off this, some got
         | busted when their product got banned and they didn't dump the
         | stock fast enough, but most made fucking phenomenal amounts of
         | money.
         | 
         | The same "trade" carries on in some other European countries to
         | this day, with "new" LSD derivatives cropping up every few
         | months when one is invariably banned.
         | 
         | I vaguely recall there was even a few articles about this whole
         | thing back in the day by some journalists, maybe at Vice or
         | something? They had an interview with one of the chemists.
        
           | iancmceachern wrote:
           | Maybe Hamiltons Pharmacopeia?
        
           | Telemakhos wrote:
           | Perhaps NPR: https://www.npr.org/2020/11/17/916890880/we-are-
           | shipping-to-... ('We Are Shipping To The U.S.': Inside
           | China's Online Synthetic Drug Networks, 2020)
           | 
           | Perhaps NYT:
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/22/world/asia/in-china-
           | illeg... (In China, Illegal Drugs Are Sold Online in an
           | Unbridled Market, 2015)
        
         | delecti wrote:
         | > they have cherry-picked some extremely simple drugs to
         | synthesize to make their point
         | 
         | It can't do _everything_ , but those cherry-picked examples are
         | still pretty dramatic. Saving $80k to cure your Hep.C is pretty
         | practical. Getting an abortion while living under increasingly
         | emboldened christofascists is pretty practical. Managing your
         | own transgender HRT is pretty practical. Lets not perfect be
         | the enemy of good, it's a pretty solid start.
        
       | righthand wrote:
       | This but with cleaning products and beauty products. People
       | should be empowered to clean their living environment without
       | buying tubs and tubs of plastic. Electrolyzed water should be
       | bigger.
        
         | nozzlegear wrote:
         | I'm reminded of the King of the Hill episode where Peggy
         | publishes advice in her newspaper column telling her readers to
         | mix ammonia and bleach for better cleaning, not realizing it
         | creates toxic chloramine gas.
        
       | daveguy wrote:
       | I guess they're not so concerned with the "oops, poison" aspect
       | of manufacturing drugs. Or ethics driven testing of drugs for
       | safety and efficacy. Seems like a great way to fk up and kill
       | people. Also, they say compounding pharmacies are illegal, but
       | they're not. Not in the US or Germany. There's one down the
       | street from me and my neighbor was a compounding pharmacist.
        
         | toss1 wrote:
         | Or, as with Thalidomide, the formulation pathway also happens
         | to make a 'left-handed' version of a drug which turns works
         | great, but the opposite chirality causes horrible birth defects
         | (as in kids with brain damage or deformed hands & feet
         | basically attached to shoulders and hips, and more). [0] And
         | this was with production and testing by major pharm companies.
         | 
         | I'd be all over home production or brew-kits for users or
         | compounding pharmacists to save lives or quality of life. But
         | damn, the more complex synthesis pathways have potential for
         | insanely serious 'bugs', and the consequences aren't just a
         | software crash, they can be life-altering or life-ending. With
         | fully informed consent, still works for me.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalidomide
        
         | spookie wrote:
         | Honestly, in the EU it's quite common for pharmacies to make
         | compounded drugs. At least in my country ALL pharmacies are
         | required to have the equipment and staff required to do so. I
         | would be surprised if it wasn't the case in others.
        
       | gcr wrote:
       | This could get super interesting with my country's political
       | situation. I could see two particular groups getting into med
       | production:
       | 
       | - Pregnant women who need abortion medication
       | 
       | - Trans people who need hormones
       | 
       | With finasteride and puberty blockers/HRT being criminalized, a
       | lot of people in the above categories are turning to black market
       | / DIY solutions.
        
         | aSanchezStern wrote:
         | I was talking to a French trans academic at a conference
         | recently, and apparently there is a large community of trans
         | people that make their own hormones from cheap precursors you
         | can buy online. All secondhand obviously so I don't know the
         | details but this is definitely a thing.
        
         | 4gotunameagain wrote:
         | Ah yes, nothing screams of freedom more than brewing your
         | moonshine hormones and diying an extremely serious medical
         | procedure without a doctor and outside of the medical system.
         | 
         | Gotta love the USA!
        
         | esqui wrote:
         | They don't need hormones, they choose to take them, for
         | cosmetic and ideologically-driven reasons.
         | 
         | The countries that are clamping down on puberty blockers are
         | doing so to prevent indoctrinated children from obtaining drugs
         | that interfere with healthy development.
        
         | theossuary wrote:
         | It's crazy how DIY HRT and puberty blockers are now necessary
         | to prevent trans kids from being mutilated by going through the
         | wound puberty, then having to pay tens of thousands of dollars
         | for reconstructive surgeries to fix maybe a fifth the damage.
        
       | cjbgkagh wrote:
       | I've procured substantial quantities of gray market (not illegal
       | yet) medication 'for research purposes' and can probably safely
       | say that it has indeed saved my life. While the medication was
       | purchased the protocol was of my own design. Like many people
       | with chronic conditions (LongCovid/Chronic Fatigue) I've long
       | given up on doctors and only use them when I have to get a
       | prescription. A lot of what I used are the human encoded bio
       | regulator peptides mainly studied by Prof Khavinson and largely
       | ignored in the West. Bacteriophages are another interesting
       | medical technique ignored by the west. These days I think GLP-1A
       | (ozempic) etc also help with auto-immune conditions so I'm
       | confident there will be a lot of off label use at lower doses and
       | I'm sure there already is. I haven't had time to watch the video
       | yet but Low Dose Naltrexone is a perfect case study of an
       | effective medication dying due to lack of funding and being
       | revived by patient groups. Naltrexone is a generic so there is no
       | money in making it a treatment.
       | 
       | For a few years there was a shortage of modafinil so I looked
       | into making it myself. It's not too hard, totally doable. As
       | technology improves it'll get even easier. Especially going from
       | a low yield batch chemistry to a higher yield lab on a chip
       | continuous chemistry. For more complex stuff there are micro-
       | bioreactors to use recombinant DNA. It's pretty cost effective to
       | send off samples for analysis. I'm not confident enough to use
       | any of my own synthesized meds, at this stage it's just a hobby.
       | 
       | Procuring a custom batch of meds from Asia can be as cheep as
       | $10K so patient groups sometimes organize group buys. Because the
       | turnaround is so quick and there are plenty of volunteers the
       | patient groups can get results much faster than the medical
       | researchers.
        
         | ba12367fgh wrote:
         | Could you please share more details on any Long Covid protocols
         | you feel have been helpful?
        
           | cjbgkagh wrote:
           | Modafinil 100mg morning and Amitriptyline 75mg at night helps
           | with dysautonomia, though modafinil can exacerbate gut
           | issues. Using weaker ligands helps with working with the
           | natural cycles of the body instead of against it. Low Dose
           | Naltrexone. A fairly high dose of TUDCA and DIM. DIM
           | (3,3'-Diindolylmethane) is a relatively non-toxic selective
           | AhR modulator. Ipamorelin + ModGRF. VIP peptide. A fairly low
           | dose Semaglutide of 0.5mg after a year on it where I started
           | at 0.05mg - not sure if the dose has plateaued, we will see.
           | Elimination of sugar from diet. Resistance exercise and no
           | aerobic exercise due to PEM. I have a strong genetic
           | predisposition (hEDS) so I was impacted by Long Covid worse
           | than most.
        
             | ba12367fgh wrote:
             | Thank you so much. I've been impacted similarly. If I have
             | some luck I will let you know.
             | 
             | (I put my email in my bio, I might have some useful stuff
             | too)
             | 
             | :)
        
             | 93po wrote:
             | What is the mechanism of Naltrexone in reducing fatigue? It
             | seems like fatigue and sleepiness is a common side effect.
             | 
             | I had really high hopes for modafinil in treating my long-
             | life fatigue issues as well as helping with my severe ADHD
             | since I can't tolerate or access traditional stimulant
             | medication for it rignt now. It was amazing for a week or
             | so but quickly stopped having an effect unless I took 400mg
             | a day, and the side effects of that dose were also not
             | tolerable for me.
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | I think it's important to offset the modafinil effects
               | with something like amitriptyline. Taking only a
               | stimulant will exacerbate dysautonomia and you'll be
               | fighting a losing battle against your bodies corrective
               | mechanisms.
               | 
               | Low Dose Naltrexone works differently to Naltrexone in
               | that the temporary block of the opioid receptor causes a
               | paradoxical natural overreaction to the absence.
               | 
               | The mechanism of action is very complex but it appears
               | that the inflammation -> neurotransmitter dysfunction
               | (e.g. dopamine dysregulation)-> immune system dysfunction
               | -> inflammation cycle creates a bit of a trap that people
               | can get stuck in. Taking enough of the right meds on this
               | cycle does appear to help people break out of that trap.
        
         | goda90 wrote:
         | I have a loved one who is struggling with drug shortages.
         | Unfortunately it's a schedule 2 drug, so I'm sure attempting to
         | manufacture my own would be very illegal. I wouldn't be
         | surprised if we're in a transition period where the tech is
         | becoming accessible, but isn't yet heavily regulated. Both the
         | DEA and pharmaceutical companies have an interest in stopping
         | people from making their own drugs at home.
        
       | NeutralCrane wrote:
       | While a noble cause, this seems like a prime example of "techies
       | convince themselves they are smarter than everyone and they can
       | solve every single problem with JavaScript". Which is why, when
       | you actually look at the project, it's a website, instructions
       | for a 3D printed version of the chemistry kit I bought my kid for
       | Christmas for $40, several software suites all listed as "pre-
       | alpha" (read: not working), and instructions for turning their
       | logo into merch like stickers. This comes off more like an art
       | project at best, or a garage-band version of Theranos at worst.
       | 
       | I hate being cynical about something like this. I want there to
       | be affordable health solutions for people. But this comes off so
       | naive and self-aggrandizing that it makes me want to actually get
       | _out_ of tech and into a field where people are more grounded.
       | Something with fewer religious fanatics, God complexes, and
       | delusions of grandeur.
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | > it makes me want to actually get out of tech and into a field
         | where people are more grounded. Something with fewer religious
         | fanatics, God complexes, and delusions of grandeur.
         | 
         | I've been having this thought a lot lately. Do you have any
         | thoughts about which field you might transition to, if you did
         | this?
         | 
         | I've been considering bioinformatics, so far the classes have
         | been pretty fun, but I haven't yet gotten close enough to the
         | day-to-day work to know if it's any less toxic or just toxic in
         | new and unpleasant ways.
        
       | cess11 wrote:
       | The point is to make it look cool and inspire people to try to
       | create new modes of production, because that's likely to be
       | important in the future. It's not to replicate 'big pharma'
       | capitalist production.
        
         | HarryHirsch wrote:
         | _It 's not to replicate 'big pharma' capitalist production._
         | 
         | It's not? Elsevier finally relented when universities could
         | finally cancel their subscriptions because librarians could
         | direct people to Sci-Hub.
        
       | epgui wrote:
       | I've studied biochem for 12 years. FWIW, I think the level of
       | dunning-kruggery here is super impressive.
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | Recently, from Derek Lowe, on this project:
       | https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/anarchist-drugs-ag...
       | 
       | "It's like saying that you're going to make your own aluminum
       | foil."
        
       | jrflowers wrote:
       | Anybody interested in taking drugs they've cooked up should
       | familiarize themselves with MPTP/MPP+
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPTP
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | That looks like yet another reason to stay the heck away from
         | opiates.
        
       | ryao wrote:
       | > We all know that custom, hand-made, artisan-crafted, boutique
       | tools are always better than something factory made. A guitar, a
       | wood chisel, a chef's knife, a built racing engine, a firearm, a
       | suit, a pair of shoes. Given that this is so well-known, and so
       | universally understood, it's peculiar at best that this is not
       | seen by most people when it comes to medicine. It is however also
       | true.
       | 
       | I have seen this sentiment expressed, but I have yet to see any
       | real evidence for it. A factory can ensure precision and
       | consistency at a level that those hand crafting things never
       | could. For all of the things listed, I would rather have factory
       | made versions since I know they are likely made precisely to a
       | specification and deviations from that specification likely make
       | things worse, rather than better.
       | 
       | If that claim about hand made items being better were true, there
       | would be a market for hand made CPUs, yet there is none, since
       | hand made objects can not reach that level of precision. That is
       | a major reason why society transitioned to factories for
       | production in the first place.
        
         | galleywest200 wrote:
         | In regards to objects like the guitar listed in the quote,
         | there is a draw to how a hand-crafted item can be _unique_ due
         | to slight imperfections. This can range from just slight
         | imperfections in the wood to things such as believing your
         | guitar has a unique sound.
         | 
         | Sure the factory guitar may sound "perfect", but the only
         | guitar that sounds like this handmade guitar is this handmade
         | guitar.
        
           | ryao wrote:
           | I would not consider that evidence for the items being
           | better, but it does explain why some people are drawn to hand
           | made items.
           | 
           | I consider such items to be worse and not just because they
           | are objectively worse. Items break and are lost. When you
           | become emotionally attached to an object such as a unique
           | imperfect guitar, you are guaranteed to have sorrow when it
           | is lost (e.g. in a fire).
           | 
           | In any case, the original premise was that such items are
           | better and thus hand made medicine is better too. However,
           | you do not want variations in medicine. During the pandemic,
           | my doctor had a suspicion that the dosages of certain drugs
           | had been lowered by the manufacturers versus what was on the
           | label. That posed a problem for him because he could not
           | properly treat patients if he had no clue what was actually
           | in the pills filling his prescriptions. His suspicion had
           | stemmed from seeing a trend among his patients where the
           | efficacy was dropping in a way consistent with the dosages
           | being lowered, although he was not sure by how much. If he
           | had tried to compensate by prescribing larger dosages, when
           | the manufacturers began to get things right again, his
           | patients would have been taking overdoses. His solution was
           | to switch them to alternative drugs and hope that the
           | manufacturers of those drugs were producing pills that
           | matched their labels. This is why precision is very important
           | when it comes to medicine and the last thing anyone needs are
           | imperfections in drug manufacturing.
        
             | roughly wrote:
             | > Items break and are lost. When you become emotionally
             | attached to an object such as a unique imperfect guitar,
             | you are guaranteed to have sorrow when it is lost (e.g. in
             | a fire).
             | 
             | Life is loss. You can't have sorrow without having
             | experienced joy. Sorrow passes.
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | You can avoid this kind of loss by getting a guitar made
               | from a long running factory line such that you can get an
               | identical replacement.
        
               | roughly wrote:
               | You can avoid a lot of joy that way, too.
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | I do not see how. A well made guitar from a factory would
               | give the same joy as a hand made one as far as I am
               | concerned. Perhaps even more upon realizing imperfections
               | were avoided.
        
               | crdrost wrote:
               | You two are in a battle over aesthetics, it is a battle
               | that neither of you can win.
               | 
               | There is something attractive about a new set of work
               | gloves. They are fresh, clean, almost begging you to use
               | them in a project.
               | 
               | There is something attractive about a set of work gloves
               | that have curled to the shape of your hands and have been
               | burnished by sap and sawdusts and oils: come on old
               | friend, let's remake our previous magic.
               | 
               | There's something nice about a fleecy throw, but they are
               | not as cozy as the quilts my wife made for my daughter,
               | but defining that coziness will remain out of reach as
               | far as my words go.
               | 
               | No one can be correct, here. It's just what appeals more
               | or less to you.
        
               | wilsonnb3 wrote:
               | Guitars are manufactured from organic material. Even
               | coming off of a factory line, no two guitars are
               | identical because no two pieces of wood are identical.
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | Even without organic material, no two would be alike due
               | to manufacturing tolerances. Good quality control keeps
               | those tolerances low enough that the differences are not
               | significant or noticeable.
        
           | jelling wrote:
           | Any guitarist that places outside of the house will have no
           | problem inflicting enough damage on their guitar to make it
           | unique.
        
           | wyre wrote:
           | Wouldn't a better example than guitars be violins? A handmade
           | violin is always going to sound better than one machinemade
           | because the luthier is able to treat the wood specifcally to
           | showcase the tone of the wood used.
        
         | yinser wrote:
         | You are directionally correct but the top of the line chisels
         | are in fact hand made in Japan and I suspect the same for
         | knives. Lee Valley and some other higher end manufacturers make
         | some damn fine chisels but chisels are hand tools and I would
         | guess 9/10 woodworkers who use chisels will choose hand made
         | Japanese chisels over any factory manufactured tools.
        
           | ryao wrote:
           | Isn't the main thing that makes a chisel better or worse the
           | material quality, such that regardless of whether it is hand
           | made or factory made, the chisel made of superior material is
           | better?
        
         | roughly wrote:
         | High end automated processes can indeed hit extremely high
         | tolerances, but that's a trade-off on cost (give or take) and
         | often not one the factory is making. I'm reminded of a story
         | about GM, where the top execs would preview drive all the new
         | models - except the ones that were given to the execs had been
         | hand-tuned by engineers to fix the manufacturing slop, so the
         | GM brass was convinced their cars were much better than they
         | were.
        
           | ryao wrote:
           | I am reminded of the following story:
           | 
           | https://www.1factory.com/quality-academy/forgotten-
           | lessons.h...
           | 
           | Ford had transmissions produced in both the US and Japan, yet
           | the Japanese made transmissions had 1/4 the repair frequency.
           | Their engineers disassembled them to discover why. It turned
           | out that they were both within spec, but the Japanese
           | transmissions had been manufactured to tighter tolerances and
           | had targeted ranges in the specification that resulted in a
           | better fit and superior performance.
           | 
           | In this case, the factory had taken it upon itself to improve
           | the design within the tolerances that Ford had specified.
           | Tighter tolerances usually cost more, although economics of
           | scale can bring the price down. Presumably that happened in
           | the case of the Japanese factory. Otherwise, they would not
           | have been able to produce the transmissions at the prices
           | Ford paid them.
        
         | SequoiaHope wrote:
         | > A factory can ensure precision and consistency at a level
         | that those hand crafting things never could.
         | 
         | Idk, in the example "a built racecar engine" one could imagine
         | that instead of running CNC machines all day long to make
         | pistons, replacing tools for wear periodically, a machinist
         | could take a brand new end mill, make some initial test cuts
         | and validate the dimensions, then make the final part and look
         | it all over with the CMM or other tools. You could, by paying
         | extra attention to each part, make a more precise part than
         | something being made on an assembly line where things are not
         | double checked quite so meticulously, for basic efficiency
         | reasons.
         | 
         | Like I assume that by the same definition of "hand made" as the
         | racecar engine, we would consider NASA rovers to be hand made.
         | And they are made to a very high precision. We could consider
         | whether SpaceX Engines have ever been "hand made" and how the
         | quality of those relates to production engines (tho in this
         | case, production engines must have rigorous validation of
         | basically every component I would imagine, so the factory
         | perhaps meets or could even exceed hand production runs in
         | quality).
         | 
         | But I would not say it needs to be a hard and fast rule.
        
           | ryao wrote:
           | I suspect the original author's use of "a built racing
           | engine" was a bad example since there is no factory line for
           | such things as they are too low volume. However, if we loosen
           | the definition of racing engine to include hot rods, then I
           | believe proven factory built designs are highly valued. To
           | give one example:
           | 
           | > The 2JZ-GTE, which sits in the heart of the Supra, is one
           | of the best inline-six out of Japan and easily tunable to
           | 500+ Hp on stock internals.
           | 
           | https://www.drifted.com/1gz-fe/
        
         | diggan wrote:
         | > If that claim about hand made items being better were true,
         | there would be a market for hand made CPUs
         | 
         | Isn't a CPU kind of one of the most complex thing humanity has
         | ever created in hardware terms? Like the scales involved are so
         | different, compared to the examples of a guitar, chisel or
         | knife. It requires so tiny tolerances and measurements, that I
         | guess we're past it's even possible to "make a CPU by hand"
         | that comes close to our current CPUs. Sure, you can always use
         | old CPU designs from back in the day, but a knife today can be
         | the same as it was 2000 years ago, it just has to be sharp and
         | comfortable, so really hard to compare.
         | 
         | > I have seen this sentiment expressed, but I have yet to see
         | any real evidence for it.
         | 
         | Have you gone searching for evidence? The examples being
         | guitars, chisels, knifes, suit and shoes, sounds simple to
         | search how the top-of-the-line stuff is made. I'd bet on that
         | high quality things from those categories are in fact typically
         | hand-made.
        
           | ryao wrote:
           | Nobody expressing the general sentiment of "hand made is
           | intrinsically better than factory made" has been able to
           | produce evidence of intrinsic superiority. The burden of
           | proof is on those making such claims and evidence largely
           | favors factories as producing superior products. There can be
           | exceptions, but that is due to bad decisions rather than some
           | intrinsic issue with the idea of a factory production line.
        
             | roughly wrote:
             | > I really don't expect to learn any differently by doing
             | further research, which I expect to be a waste of my time.
             | 
             | I guess that settles that, then.
        
         | caconym_ wrote:
         | > I would rather have factory made versions since I know they
         | are likely made precisely to a specification and deviations
         | from that specification likely make things worse, rather than
         | better.
         | 
         | For these items in particular, there is generally no extant
         | factory automation that will get you a better result than a
         | human craftsman. You'd be a fool to pick extant mass produced
         | alternatives, all else being equal.
         | 
         | A CPU is a pretty poor analogy here, since it's not only
         | precision that makes handmade examples of the above items
         | superior, but it's essentially the only thing that matters for
         | a CPU (or something like an iPhone, etc). You likely _could_
         | design a superior factory for many of those items, taking into
         | account materials variance, bespoke details for individual
         | customers, etc., but it would not be economical in the markets
         | where these items are sold.
         | 
         | edit: I also think these items are a bad analogy for medicine,
         | where precision is paramount. So I probably agree with you
         | there.
        
           | amluto wrote:
           | There are plenty of factory made shoes that have fancy
           | contoured uppers that have shapes that can't really be
           | achieved by hand.
        
         | reaperman wrote:
         | > a pair of shoes
         | 
         | >> For all of the things listed, I would rather have factory
         | made versions.
         | 
         | I think people believe this who haven't ever experienced truly
         | custom hand-made things. The process of creating an actual _"
         | custom, hand-made, artisan-crafted, boutique"_ shoe will
         | involve first creating a custom "last" - a wooden mold to build
         | the shoe around.
         | 
         | This last isn't literally a mold of your foot, it is a custom-
         | sculpted shape that is specific to both your foot and the
         | particular shoe style. The shoemaker will keep all of their
         | customer's lasts in a large library, so once your last is
         | customized properly for you (in-person), you don't have to
         | return to order more of that type of shoe - you can place
         | future orders in different colors/materials and the shoe will
         | be created around that same wooden last, ensuring a very
         | specific fit that is most comfortable for you.
         | 
         | A factory cannot do this.
         | 
         | The point of hand-made things is customization that goes far
         | beyond what a factory could ever do. If you're buying hand-made
         | things that aren't truly customized for you, then you're
         | largely missing the point.
        
       | narrator wrote:
       | I imagine with advanced robotics, you'll just get the AI to
       | output a synthesis and put it through your at home chem lab with
       | precise pipetting and all that. It will also help clean up and
       | handle any nasty reagents.
        
       | ugjka wrote:
       | I loved the talk but some kind of reds flags went off in my mind
       | when he couldn't answer about heavy metal contamination but i'm
       | no chemist so i have no clue either
        
       | maeln wrote:
       | Taken from the description:
       | 
       | > Governments have criminalized the practice of managing your own
       | health. Despite the fact that for most of human history bodily
       | autonomy, and self-managed health was the norm, it is now
       | required that most aspects of your health must be mediated by an
       | institution deputized by the state. Taking those rights back for
       | yourself is then labeled "BioTerrorism". So be it. Let's learn
       | how.
       | 
       | This is, in most country, false. You can absolutely decide on
       | your own to mix up some chemical and then take it (you might just
       | be held accountable for the result, i.e, not coverage from your
       | health insurance). There is some exception related to the
       | consumption of narcotics, but, what most law, not government (its
       | an important distinction in a democracy), make illegal is the
       | distribution (and the intent of) of drugs without the proper
       | licence. And there is very, very good reasons for it. Drugs are
       | no joke. Some ingredients needs to be very precisely dosed, at
       | very low concentration, requiring special tooling and precaution,
       | or you might reach a toxic dosage very, very quickly and kill
       | someone (or permanently damage some organs). Then, there is the
       | issue of quack doctor and quack medicine. While the current
       | system is far from perfect (see: the opioid crisis in the US), it
       | still give legal repercussion for people who sale snake oil,
       | potentialy dangerous ones, and who prey on already often
       | desperate victim.
       | 
       | The other thing is, the law also prevent buying some chemical
       | without the proper licence. And again, there is usually good
       | reasons for it. Either because they make it easy to synthetise
       | drugs that society has judged detrimental (again, narcotics like
       | meth, heroin, ...), or because they make explosives (wasn't it
       | sulfuric acid that could turn a lot of stuff into energetics ?).
       | 
       | And for the most part, theses laws where written in blood. We can
       | debate the specifics of their implementations (the war on drugs,
       | the free access to birth control, how to allow for
       | experimentation, ...), but the overall spirit of those laws is, I
       | believe, sadly very needed in our current world.
       | 
       | Obviously there is also the patent issue, but it's a whole lot of
       | debate in itself.
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | It's quite difficult to know if there's a good reason for a
         | prohibition, vs whether it's just there to protect somebody's
         | monopoly.
         | 
         | In a healthier society there'd be a smooth gradient between the
         | layman and the professional such that B.S. prohibitions would
         | be identified and removed by informed subsets of the
         | population. But instead we have this very crisp boundary
         | between the in-the-know and the clueless, and to be in-the-know
         | is so expensive that one can't afford to be in-the-know while
         | also _not_ being on somebody 's payroll--those tend to be the
         | same somebody's who have a monopoly to protect, so the clueless
         | stay clueless and the capable stay under control.
         | 
         | There's a lot of criticism in adjacent threads for these guys
         | having cherry-picked the easy examples, but given the
         | circumstances I think that that's precisely what we ought to be
         | doing: Identify the cases where taking control of your drugs is
         | relatively easy, teach people to do it, and level up gradually
         | until that set of cases starts growing.
         | 
         | We may never get to the point where we're making _everything_
         | at home, but if we don 't at least take a shot at the easy ones
         | then we'll never know where the reasonable equilibrium point
         | lies (i.e. the point beyond which you should leave it to a
         | corporation). As it stands we're letting that point be decided
         | by people who have a conflict of interest in doing so.
        
       | sergioisidoro wrote:
       | "Everyone can do sterile work", I mean some people can't even
       | boil an egg.
       | 
       | There is a big sample bias here. The community of hackers is
       | generally intelligent and curious. The laws in place were not
       | necessarily made with them in mind, but for people who will take
       | homeopathic remedies, use energy crystals.
       | 
       | Maybe if you're smart enough to avoid detection and navigate the
       | legal hurdles, that is the acid test (heh) for the competences
       | and diligence these things require...
        
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