[HN Gopher] Liberating Wi-Fi on the ESP32 [video]
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Liberating Wi-Fi on the ESP32 [video]
        
       Author : doener
       Score  : 296 points
       Date   : 2024-12-28 00:03 UTC (22 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (media.ccc.de)
 (TXT) w3m dump (media.ccc.de)
        
       | jakeogh wrote:
       | https://github.com/esp32-open-mac
        
       | ryao wrote:
       | Why are wifi ICs so expensive? It seems to me that it is cheaper
       | to buy an ESP32 to connect to a RP2040 for wifi than it is to buy
       | a dedicated wifi IC.
        
         | equestria wrote:
         | The wifi protocol is computationally intensive. The wifi module
         | is effectively a fast 32-bit computer with fairly complex
         | firmware. And then, there's all the RF engineering that needs
         | to happen to make it work.
         | 
         | So, the original thinking was "if you need wifi, we can't price
         | a standalone chip competitively, just buy a SoC". But the
         | genius of ESP32 was that they approached it the other way
         | round: they built a wifi chip, and then figured they can carve
         | out some room for user code. No need to pay for a separate MCU.
         | This worked for a lot of customers, and the economies of scale
         | took care of the rest.
        
           | rkagerer wrote:
           | How is progress toward a useable open source alternative?
        
             | AlotOfReading wrote:
             | Virtually non-existent? There aren't that many people doing
             | open RF hardware, and all of the ones I'm familiar with are
             | working with SDR because the costs go up massively once you
             | go to tapeout.
        
             | ryao wrote:
             | I am not sure if you can still get the chips, but these are
             | fully OSS:
             | 
             | https://github.com/qca/open-ath9k-htc-firmware
        
           | brcmthrowaway wrote:
           | Why doesnt Apple use ESP32
        
             | epcoa wrote:
             | While they're only now coming out with even a 5GHz model
             | there isn't really much in Apple's product line that needs
             | a lowend primarily "IoT" WiFi. Maybe the HomePod, but they
             | already have better chipsets for their flagship devices.
        
             | mystified5016 wrote:
             | Because the ESP can only barely do WiFi. You can get a
             | couple of Mbps under ideal conditions. It is _not_ a
             | general purpose WiFi adapter, it 's a low power IoT chip.
             | 
             | A general purpose WiFi adapter can do gigabit sustained
             | connections over PCI or some other high speed interface.
             | Entirely different class of chip.
        
               | emilfihlman wrote:
               | A couple?
               | 
               | It easily goes to tens of Mb/s.
        
               | yonatan8070 wrote:
               | Which is still abysmal compared to what a modern Wi-Fi
               | chipset can push, even in the real world. Even an old
               | home-grade Wi-Fi 5 AP can push >400Mbps over the air in
               | real-world conditions. And the Wi-Fi 6/6e/7 devices can
               | go well above that.
        
               | shakna wrote:
               | Anecdote only: I've never consistently managed 10mb/s
               | without integrating some sort of cooling system. Not
               | without frying the chip.
        
             | chedabob wrote:
             | To what end?
             | 
             | I can't think of an Apple product that needs low power Wifi
             | and/or Bluetooth, and also operates at such a low price-
             | point that there's not budget to put something bigger on
             | the BoM.
        
             | bschwindHN wrote:
             | * Too slow * Uses too much power
             | 
             | Apple products would absolutely suck if they used ESP32 for
             | their wifi and Bluetooth functionality.
        
           | mystified5016 wrote:
           | To chime in, adding the espressif WiFi libraries to your
           | firmware adds 500-600KB of code. In the trivial IoT widget I
           | just made, the firmware is >90% espressif code by weight.
           | 
           | The RAM use is also... noticeable. It takes quite a lot for
           | this chip do WiFi.
        
             | vbezhenar wrote:
             | It is similar for BLE. I recently wrote firmware for nrf52
             | device. Proprietary blob was 100 KB. My code was 60 KB and
             | actually like 40-50 KB was caused by crypto library which
             | is basically required part of BLE stack as well, just
             | distributed with code and not in the blob.
        
             | zazaulola wrote:
             | ESP32 has 18 ADC input channels. But if you are using Wifi,
             | you can only use 8 of the 18 for ADC conversion: GPIO pins
             | 32-39.
             | 
             | Other 10 pins, on which ADC2 channels are possible, can
             | only accept pulse data if you are using Wifi.
             | 
             | This is probably due to firmware limitations.
        
               | mystified5016 wrote:
               | Espressif implies that the WiFi hardware uses ADC2 for
               | something. It sounds like a hardware limitation, a
               | firmware issue would have been patched a long time ago.
        
           | ryao wrote:
           | It sounds like Qualcomm missed an opportunity here:
           | 
           | https://github.com/qca/open-ath9k-htc-firmware
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Wi-Fi chips always had "user" program area, in theory anyone
           | could call any of chip vendor, and with NDA, $$$ an 5 years
           | of back and forth, could have met the exact same goal as what
           | you can do today with ESP32, even in 2010. I've seen a
           | Twitter ticker display made from a mPCI Wi-Fi card in a maker
           | meeting back then. The guy demoing it was a company engineer
           | with access to internal docs, wasn't giving it to anyone
           | else.
           | 
           | The genius of Espressif was that they didn't issue C&D
           | letters and DMCA takedowns when people started modifying
           | firmware for their product using garden variety GCC without
           | even asking and then ported hobbyist garbage called Arduino
           | Core. They did initially panic a bit, but soon their
           | management realized it's a golden ticket to something, and
           | they bet the whole company on it. And they got the return
           | they deserve.
           | 
           | There aren't a lot of aspects that are technically so
           | advanced about ESP8266/ESP32. It's just the ones made by the
           | hungriest and most aspiring Wi-Fi chip manufacturer.
        
             | ryao wrote:
             | Is there a write up somewhere talking about the panicking?
             | It might be interesting to read. I am curious how they
             | enabled people to do this without realizing people would do
             | it.
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | I wasn't in the scene directly but was only watching it
               | from great distance. It was literally a decade ago, too.
               | Maybe someone can ask Espressif for their side of battle
               | story, but I don't have any more to offer, sorry.
        
         | phoronixrly wrote:
         | I also share the opinion of the fellow commentor and blame the
         | price on the fact that RF front-ends require lots of RnD, often
         | require high quality and precision components (outside the IC)
         | AND on top of that there are testing and certification costs.
         | All of this in just the RF front-end, we are not even talking
         | about the implementation of the absurdly bloated wifi standars
         | in software/silicon and testing and certification for them.
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | Only the ones which have a presence outside of China are
         | expensive.
        
           | phoronixrly wrote:
           | Why is that? Cost of labor? Looser regulatory requirements?
        
             | tw04 wrote:
             | He's telling you that they violate IP law extensively in
             | products that don't leave the country. It's a lot cheaper
             | to mass produce cheap WiFi chips when you can do it with
             | stolen IP.
        
               | userbinator wrote:
               | They have a very different view of IP than the west.
               | Sharing is the norm.
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | Does that work for other things? Can I just say "I had a
               | different view of that" and get away with whatever it
               | was?
        
               | vbezhenar wrote:
               | For many people, information and physical items are
               | completely different entities. When you steal bottle of
               | milk, the original owner loses access to it. When you
               | copy information without permission, the original owner
               | keeps the access to it. So they have completely different
               | attitude to those two behaviours.
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | > For many people, information and physical items are
               | completely different entities. When you steal bottle of
               | milk, the original owner loses access to it. When you
               | copy information without permission, the original owner
               | keeps the access to it.
               | 
               | Relevant:
               | 
               | Copying Is Not Theft
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IeTybKL1pM4
               | Copying is not theft.       Stealing a thing leaves one
               | less left       Copying it makes one thing more;
               | that's what copying's for.              Copying is not
               | theft.       If I copy yours you have it too       One
               | for me and one for you       That's what copies can do
               | If I steal your bicycle       you have to take the bus,
               | but if I just copy it       there's one for each of us!
               | Making more of a thing,       that is what we call
               | "copying"       Sharing ideas with everyone       That's
               | why copying       is       FUN!
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | So what I can walk into any store and walk out with a
               | cart full and not pay and it's all good, sharing is the
               | norm? I can just walk into any apartment complex and move
               | into any unit without pay since sharing is the norm?
        
               | Hasnep wrote:
               | No, that's not what anyone said. The conversation is
               | about copyright...
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | So it's not that "sharing is the norm" it's a difference
               | in the understanding of ownership and property rights.
               | Otherwise why not share the food and share the housing,
               | since sharing is the norm and not the exception when it
               | comes to property rights?
               | 
               | Otherwise why is sharing the norm in one small specific
               | instance and not the rest?
        
               | Liftyee wrote:
               | The original statement was in the context of IP. In this
               | case, no one has anything taken away when it is shared.
               | Sharing physical goods requires them to be taken from
               | somewhere/someone... not so much for digital information,
               | which can be duplicated infinitely.
        
               | semiquaver wrote:
               | This is a funny comment in the context of a discussion
               | about a (nominally) communist country.
        
               | BenjiWiebe wrote:
               | Well, those things aren't IP. Maybe you could take
               | pictures of all the pages in a book in a bookstore?
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | So _only intellectual property_ is shared? Doesn 't sound
               | to me like sharing is the norm when it only applies to
               | one category of goods.
        
               | userbinator wrote:
               | Try reading my comment fully again? I was talking about
               | IP.
        
               | userbinator wrote:
               | Read this if you don't believe me:
               | https://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/2014/from-gongkai-to-
               | open...
        
               | Brian_K_White wrote:
               | "sharing is the norm" means publishing.
               | 
               | Taking is the norm.
        
               | tw04 wrote:
               | Which is super weird, because Xioami isn't "sharing"
               | their proprietary OS with any other phone manufacturers.
               | 
               | CATL isn't "sharing" any of their battery IP with
               | competitors. They consider it trade secret and will
               | actively pursue recourse inside or out of China.
               | 
               | What is apparent is they use cultural misunderstanding to
               | justify stealing IP, even though they actively try to
               | protect their own inside and outside of the country.
               | 
               | https://www.ess-news.com/2024/10/28/calb-sues-catl-over-
               | pate...
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | It's normal. IIRC Early America didn't have Copyright or
               | other protections, they were added later once it was
               | making its own works and had skin in the game.
        
               | azinman2 wrote:
               | So now that China has skin in the game, will they very
               | soon stop stealing IP by your logic?
        
               | wildzzz wrote:
               | Copyright and patents have been a part of the US since
               | before day one. It's in Article 1, Section 8 of the
               | Constitution and was even part of the Articles of
               | Confederation.
               | 
               | Patents were established even before Columbus.
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | I don't think they actually do. They're not dumb or
               | crazy. What I think sets Chinese companies apart from
               | Western counterparts is their aptitude for _making money
               | through selling physical things_. Everyone else drove off
               | to casinos and they 're the last ones in the factory
               | dirtying hands.
        
               | obscurette wrote:
               | As someone growing up in Soviet Union, sharing was the
               | norm for us as well until we were in this s**t together
               | and nobody had any chance to earn much from it anyway.
               | This changed quite fast in nineties though.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | IP is defined by RFCs, not law.
               | 
               | (damn, the imaginary property maximalists really came out
               | of the woodwork on this thread)
        
         | nereye wrote:
         | The WiFi (& Bluetooth) IC used in the Pi Pico W retails for
         | ~$2.5, and presumably a bit less in volume (considering the
         | Pico W is only $2 more than the base Pi Pico.
        
           | ryao wrote:
           | Where can you find it for $2.5? The last I looked, it was
           | around $6.
        
             | ta988 wrote:
             | They are talking about the radio chip that's on the Pico W.
             | not the whole pico w.
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | I am asking about the radio chip. The last I checked,
               | buying one from a distributor costs around $6. You would
               | need to do a huge order to get the price down to $2.5 per
               | chip. The required order quantity is so huge that
               | distributors do not list it.
        
               | nereye wrote:
               | From https://octopart.com/search?q=CYW43439&currency=USD&
               | specs=0.
               | 
               | Indeed the lowest price $2.551 from Arrow has a MOQ of
               | 5000 but Newark does have it for a promotional price of
               | $2.73 for quantities as low as 1.
               | 
               | It's not $2.5 but that's why it was quoted as ~$2.5 in my
               | reply, since it's in the ballpark.
        
           | blkhawk wrote:
           | you can get certain variants of the esp32 at around 2USD.
           | that gets you a whole board with USB-c.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | Esp32-c3 super mini is less than $2 with free shipping from
           | AliExpress. The usb-c cable I use to power it is more
           | expensive. I get a serious cognitive dissonance when I think
           | about it too much.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | The Espressif chips are WiFi ICs. You can buy the bare chips,
         | connect over SDIO, load the hosted firmware, and use them as
         | WiFi radio chips.
         | 
         | For volume production (10K, 100K, or more units) you can get
         | other WiFi ICs that are cheaper than buying an ESP32 module.
         | The difference is that other companies don't care about
         | engaging the hobby and low volume markets so they don't put an
         | effort into making them cheap.
         | 
         | If you're doing one-off builds, you're at the mercy of whoever
         | decides to make an effort to make things cheap and accessible.
         | Some companies deliberately make their products hard or even
         | impossible to access for hobbyists because it's not worth it
         | unless you're the hobbyist market leader (Espressif)
        
           | ryao wrote:
           | Do you mean this firmware?
           | 
           | https://github.com/espressif/esp-hosted
           | 
           | I assume it uses the blob that is mentioned in the video.
        
       | denysvitali wrote:
       | Related article: https://zeus.ugent.be/blog/23-24/open-source-
       | esp32-wifi-mac/
        
         | redfast00 wrote:
         | Author here; see also the entire series of posts on
         | https://esp32-open-mac.be/
        
         | nraynaud wrote:
         | I would like to submit that making the open source version
         | compatible with the closed source API might be an asset.
         | 
         | By being compatible, users get all the benefits of the existing
         | corpus of help on the internet. And being compatible make the
         | cost to entry lower. If somebody wants to make a very small
         | modification of the MAC layer, they can do it as with the
         | closed source and just go behind the curtain and file a little
         | the thing they want to hack, without the cognitive load of
         | learning a new API.
        
       | jsheard wrote:
       | I haven't had chance to watch the video yet so apologies if this
       | is covered, but are the ESP32 radios regulatory certifications
       | tied to the official black box firmware? Would the same hardware
       | but with open firmware need to be sent to the FCC (and others)
       | again for proper compliance?
        
         | mystified5016 wrote:
         | Yes.
        
         | dlcarrier wrote:
         | Yes, if distributed that way. No, if modified by the end user.
         | 
         | I don't remember the CFR off hand, but the FCC explicitly
         | allows anyone to use small numbers of uncertified devices. It
         | would still be a violation if those devices don't otherwise
         | follow regulations, but using modified hardware or software
         | isn't itself prohibited.
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | 15.23, but it applies specifically to "home-built devices",
           | so I'm not sure if modification of a commercially available
           | device would be within scope. Devices constructed from a kit
           | are specifically excluded.
           | 
           | https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/section-15.23
        
             | ssl-3 wrote:
             | Are home-built devices allowed to be made using things like
             | pre-manufactured valves and transistors?
             | 
             | What about integrated circuits?
             | 
             | Where's the line drawn?
             | 
             | Am I allowed to order some parts from Digikey and assemble
             | them into a widget, or must I start closer to the beginning
             | by mining my own ores?
        
               | TomatoCo wrote:
               | If you can't make your own protons store bought is okay.
        
           | jgerrish wrote:
           | This could change depending on the fallout from the current
           | drone saga, no pun intended. Or other upcoming events.
           | 
           | Even if it's not FCC regulations, but some other agencies,
           | there may be some close re-examination of what's allowed due
           | to safety.
           | 
           | I'm guessing certain manufacturers are going to be impacted
           | more than others.
           | 
           | I'm sorry for the uncertainty in boardrooms and garages
           | across the world. I diversified my embedded sources but damn
           | it's annoying.
           | 
           | But I suppose that's the machine.
           | 
           | I just picked up an ESP32-C6 for some mostly legal Bluetooth
           | and maybe Zigbee experiments. I don't plan on hacking to this
           | level, the Rust ecosystem is welcoming enough to make just
           | building fun so far.
           | 
           | On a side note, I stepped in shit today. I know I have five
           | q-tips in storage somewhere. And a few more in the closet.
           | Sorry for the weird tangent.
        
           | galangalalgol wrote:
           | The power and directionality rules for ISM bands are good
           | guidelines for not interfering with other's use of the band.
           | If you have another story that makes interference unlikely,
           | it probably also makes it unlikely to get caught. Plenty of
           | items for sale on Amazon don't have any silkscreen on chips
           | or boards, much less an FCC id. If they can get away with
           | it...
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | I think it's a gray area. If I'm not grossly mistaken, only
         | worst case radio performances are tested and documented, and
         | the rest of required technical documents are more of rather
         | detailed brochures like high level block diagrams and theory of
         | operations than modern full design documents like PCB
         | manufacturing files and firmware build scripts. They hardly
         | acknowledge existence of firmware.
         | 
         | And there is at least one good reason: certified and unlicensed
         | radio equipment, like Wi-Fi(or unlike HAM) are expected to be
         | tamper resistant, for public good. And so last time FCC
         | discussed certification requirements for Wi-Fi routers, they
         | naturally considered extending it to software in form of
         | mandatory Secure Boot - for every ultra vulnerable garbage Wi-
         | Fi routers! That was a horrible idea and was scrapped.
         | 
         | For now, I think, IANAL, this is semi-legal or semi-illegal
         | unless resulting firmware clearly generates out-of-spec
         | emissions.
        
           | AnthonyMouse wrote:
           | > And there is at least one good reason: certified and
           | unlicensed radio equipment, like Wi-Fi(or unlike HAM) are
           | expected to be tamper resistant, for public good.
           | 
           | This is such an own-goal.
           | 
           | The way manufacturers implement this is by locking out third
           | party firmware. Then the device goes out of support a decade
           | before people stop using it, but because nobody else can
           | update it either -- and the manufacturer has higher internal
           | support costs because there is no community submitting
           | patches they could just adopt and ship -- the device gets
           | full of public unpatched security vulnerabilities. Which at
           | scale is a significant threat to national security. On top of
           | losing whatever other benefits the public would derive from
           | the community being able to fix firmware bugs or add
           | features.
           | 
           | Meanwhile the purpose of the requirement is supposed to be to
           | keep users from modifying the radio parameters to exceed
           | regulatory limits. Which, first of all, hardly anybody is
           | going to do anyway, because the vast majority of people don't
           | even know how and most of the remainder aren't interested in
           | risking huge fines just to avoid buying a second access
           | point. But the people who _are_ going to do it, because the
           | devices don 't get patched, can just use the vulnerabilities
           | to root them and then modify the radio parameters anyway.
           | 
           | Which makes it a pointless rule that _compromises_ the public
           | good.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | What you've said is why a lot of people voiced concerns to
             | that suggested changes, leading to it getting safely
             | cancelled, while the same cohort of people were and are
             | fine with existing anti-tamper requirements.
             | 
             | I guess it's another anecdotal datapoint that shows
             | disastrous state of the field called software engineering,
             | especially relative to other professional fields of
             | engineering(cf. https://xkcd.com/2030/).
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | The requirement also feigns innocence.
               | 
               | As far as I can tell there is no actual requirement to
               | block third party firmware, merely a vague rule that says
               | they have to do _something_. But designing hardware
               | specifically to enforce the regulatory limits even if the
               | firmware requests otherwise would cost money whereas
               | blocking third party firmware just screws over the
               | public, so in practice that 's what they pick when you
               | force them to check the box.
               | 
               | On top of that, using that method is also the least
               | effective because then any firmware vulnerability still
               | allows regulatory limits to be exceeded. And if you're
               | okay with that then there are plenty of alternative
               | measures that could be used to check the box at low cost
               | as long as you don't care that they're not very
               | effective. But somehow that's a failing for the
               | alternatives whereas with software it's just _expected_
               | to be rubbish.
        
       | imglorp wrote:
       | Side question. One of the speakers gave his DECT number. Does
       | that mean people are still carrying around old phones just to use
       | at tech conferences?
        
         | phoronixrly wrote:
         | I think it's a CCC tradition.
        
         | zitterbewegung wrote:
         | Yes, I was looking at the conference website before it started
         | and they still operate DECT phones.
        
         | sllabres wrote:
         | They operate several different networks for voice
         | communications during the events. From what I found usually
         | DECT, SIP, GSM. [1] They have a status dashboard with metrics
         | during the events. [2]
         | 
         | [1] https://events.ccc.de/2024/12/22/38c3-poc-isdn-version/
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://dashboard.eventphone.de/d/de7sgxz63vzeoe/38c3?orgId=...
        
           | legulere wrote:
           | Some years ago they also operated a pneumatic tube system.
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | Yes it's pretty handy for hacker camps. I still have one too.
         | Especially because out on the camping fields the WiFi coverage
         | can be hit and miss. This way you can even get calls when you
         | walked to the toilet building or the car park.
         | 
         | Also it's got its own frequency so it's not cluttering the ones
         | used for WiFi, Bluetooth, Zigbee etc.
         | 
         | I guess they could use an app or something but dect is rock
         | stable and has much better range than WiFi.
         | 
         | I got a nice Siemens one that is about the size of a nokia 8210
         | so it's not like you have to carry a huge brick either. I guess
         | the battery is pretty dead now though. But it is replaceable
         | like all batteries of that time.
        
           | wildzzz wrote:
           | I never considered DECT phones as anything more than cordless
           | landline phones for your home that can intercom between each
           | other. Even the cordless phone systems in the US you can buy
           | are usually 2.4GHz ISM now.
        
         | ElectRabbit wrote:
         | DECT is still extremely popular within (private) houses in
         | Germany.
         | 
         | Way more robust than VoIP over Wifi.
        
         | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
         | Yes, although you can also use GSM or SIP and it's often called
         | a DECT number even if you're actually on one of the newer
         | networks, since the number space is the same. DECT simply was
         | there first and thus became the generic term for the internal
         | phone network.
        
         | _Microft wrote:
         | Don't they even have an ISDN network there this year?
        
       | anigbrowl wrote:
       | One step closer to a microPython library that supports
       | promiscuous mode...
        
         | jdjdne wrote:
         | Why? That's already supported in the ESP SDK
        
       | cyberax wrote:
       | I had a cool idea for WiFi password provisioning once: it's
       | possible to modulate the packet _length_ to transmit the SSID and
       | the password. A new IoT device obviously can't decrypt the
       | packets, but it can observe their length.
       | 
       | I even made a sample implementation for Linux. Unfortunately, I
       | couldn't find a single IoT chip that would give low-level access
       | to the PHY good enough for this :(
        
         | tonetegeatinst wrote:
         | Reverse engineering as a last resort or is this not possible?
        
           | cyberax wrote:
           | I'm no good at reverse engineering. I run away screaming in
           | horror at the sight of Ghidra.
           | 
           | Cleaning up the Linux code and publishing it is on my TODO
           | list...
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | That's how TI's SmartConfig works, via the length field, so you
         | could just use any IoT chip that implements that, of which TI
         | offers a bunch.
        
           | 05 wrote:
           | Also supported by Espressif under their own name
           | "Airkiss/ESPTouch".
           | 
           | Unfortunately since the chip doesn't support 5G WiFi it's a
           | mess where you need to switch the phone to a different 2.4
           | only network, configure the device, then switch back. Better
           | to just use BLE..
        
         | shim__ wrote:
         | Nowdays I'd just use WPA3
        
         | lights0123 wrote:
         | https://www.keacher.com/xmas24/ uses OOK for data
         | communication, with the benefit of energy harvesting the WiFi
         | signal to not require batteries.
        
       | wkat4242 wrote:
       | Yeah I remember with the 8266 we could do all sorts of cool stuff
       | but Expressif took it upon themselves to block a whole range of
       | operations with the ESP32 :'(
       | 
       | I guess that they had no choice, the 8266 was originally meant to
       | only be used in serial to WiFi converters but it kinda exploded
       | in the maker community. I guess that drew regulator attention.
       | 
       | But cool to see that this is being worked around.
        
       | ElectRabbit wrote:
       | Still super weird that Espressif is the only company that managed
       | it to get a Wifi modem into a more or less decent
       | microcontroller.
       | 
       | ST still far behind when it comes to this stuff.
        
         | smat wrote:
         | Nordic semiconductor also has microcontrollers with BT and
         | Wifi. They are much less common than espressifs solution
         | though.
        
           | ElectRabbit wrote:
           | BT/Wifi on a single chip? Do you have a part number?
           | 
           | That'd be revolutionary.
           | 
           | I love the ESP32. But they love (too much) current.
        
             | Arch-TK wrote:
             | https://www.nordicsemi.com/Products/Wireless/WiFi/Products?
             | l...
             | 
             | Search for the SiPs and SoCs, they all support BLE.
        
               | barbegal wrote:
               | But these solutions require two chips, one for bluetooth
               | and one for wifi where the ESP32 does it all in one.
        
               | Arch-TK wrote:
               | Ah yes, you're right, I misunderstood their page.
        
           | 3abiton wrote:
           | Because the prices are not competitive enough for hobbyists.
           | How can you expect people to adopt and develop on top of your
           | chips if they can't afford it?
        
           | elromulous wrote:
           | Fyi, while Nordic products are usually excellent, they did
           | not design the wifi ics. They bought a company and slapped
           | their name on the chips. I haven't used them yet, but from
           | what I've heard they don't live up to Nordic's standard.
           | 
           | Edit: also afaik they don't have a mcu+wifi in one yet.
        
         | chpatrick wrote:
         | Most TuYa-based modules on AliExpress are Beken.
        
         | vdfs wrote:
         | Other examples:
         | 
         | - BK72xx Ex: BK7231T, BK7231N
         | 
         | - RTL87xx Ex: RTL8710BN, RTL8710BX
         | 
         | - RP2040 But seems like the wifi is an extranl module in W
         | boards
         | 
         | Taken from https://esphome.io
        
           | odiroot wrote:
           | Beken modules are so weirdly cheap. I've seen them inside 2PS
           | LED bulbs in discount stores.
        
           | arghwhat wrote:
           | WiFi and Bluetooth for the Raspberry Pico W is provided by an
           | Infineon CYW43439
           | (https://www.infineon.com/cms/en/product/wireless-
           | connectivit...), which has its own ARM cores.
        
         | trelliscoded wrote:
         | TI has had wifi+bluetooth microcontrollers for almost a decade
         | now, and you get a cortex m4.
        
           | LeifCarrotson wrote:
           | Those are great in a professional context, but the CC3200s
           | never had a <$10 Chinese breakout board.
           | 
           | And they're programmed in IAR or CCS instead of in the
           | Arduino IDE, and they're programmed with an RTOS and the
           | Cortex M4's powerful ISR engine instead of just a "while"
           | loop.
           | 
           | ESP32/ESP8266 are basically optimized to be hobbyist-
           | friendly, while most other wireless systems are not.
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | They hit the right combo of cheap ($EUR), accessible (you can
         | buy them everywhere, shipped everywhere, even in quantities of
         | 1), easy to use hardware (they're sold on many different
         | 'breakout boards' with usb connectors for power and programming
         | and marked pins), easy to use software (documentation,
         | examples, arduino ide, nodemcu) and without any weird limits
         | licencing wise.
         | 
         | Arduino was similar at first, but stayed on low-performance avr
         | chips for way too long and non-chinese ones were expensive (and
         | well, no wifi), rpi pico has some nice features, but much
         | harder to get at first, and everything else is a "raw chip"
         | bought on sites like digikey, with expensive shipping, 600+
         | pages of documentation, 300+ of them needed to send a first
         | ping, you need to solder them onto a board and programming
         | usually requires some expensive rig.
        
       | bbayer wrote:
       | I am really impressed by how young speakers are. It is really
       | fascinating to see how somebody collect such technical knowledge
       | at such a young age.
        
         | SarahC_ wrote:
         | Dude on the left looks like my doppleganger...... I had to
         | think back to remember what I'd being doing recently - nope, no
         | holes in my memory!
        
           | Frostie314159 wrote:
           | Haha how cool, are you on the 38c3 too?
        
         | jpablo wrote:
         | Everything is out in the open nowadays. Kids can start learning
         | whatever they what an younger and younger ages.
         | 
         | A perfect example is chess. It used that a lot of knowledge was
         | in books, often in foreign languages. Nowadays everything is
         | out there in the open and additionally you can casually play
         | games against top 100 opposition once you are okeish enough
         | accelerating the development even more.
        
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