[HN Gopher] Giant sloths and mastodons lived with humans for mil...
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       Giant sloths and mastodons lived with humans for millennia in the
       Americas
        
       Author : wglb
       Score  : 67 points
       Date   : 2024-12-22 22:37 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | CT4u8798 wrote:
       | I wonder how long it will be before other theories of Graham
       | Hancock are found to be plausible or true instead of him being
       | dismissed as a crackpot fringe conspiracy person?
        
         | AlotOfReading wrote:
         | Which of Graham Hancock's claims do you think this supports? It
         | certainly isn't the one about a global seafaring proto-British
         | empire from the last ice age, considering how far inland it is,
         | the technology is off, and it vastly predates his hypothesis
         | for the global apocalypse.
         | 
         | The Santa Elena Rock shelter people have been making this
         | argument for years now. Between the questionable lithics,
         | dating, and excavation methodologies they don't have sufficient
         | evidence to support the claims they're making and they've
         | offered no convincing explanations for why the standard of
         | evidence should be lowered given the massive chronological
         | issues their dates would suggest (<5000 years after Yana 10k
         | miles away!).
        
         | gausswho wrote:
         | I wonder how long it will be before theories, beliefs,
         | superstitions, hunches, are no longer combined with grievance
         | and pride and packaged up as somehow empirically relevant.
        
       | NetOpWibby wrote:
       | The first Power Rangers!!
        
       | Qem wrote:
       | > There was this idea that humans arrived and killed everything
       | off very quickly--what's called 'Pleistocene overkill,'" said
       | Daniel Odess, an archaeologist at White Sands National Park in
       | New Mexico. But new discoveries suggest that "humans were
       | existing alongside these animals for at least 10,000 years,
       | without making them go extinct.
       | 
       | I don't think there is a contradiction here. Indeed we could have
       | them get extinct, it just took a long time by human standards,
       | ~10 millennia. I don't know how many mastodons or giant
       | sloths/armadillos there was in Americas before humans made
       | landfall here. But I'd guess about 10 million of each. If they
       | took about ten years to reach sexual maturity, that gives us
       | about 1000 generations of megafauna in this time window. To get
       | their population down from 10 million to just one in this time,
       | each generation had to be smaller than the predecessor, but on
       | average could still retain log(10^-7)^-1000 ~= 98.4% of its size.
       | Even if stone age tech enabled humans to overhunt them
       | consistently only by a slight amount, ~1.6% each generation, they
       | still would end extinct in 10,000 years. So it was not "without
       | making them go extinct". It was "while making them go extinct.".
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | 10,000 years is quite a lot in human time. The pyramids were
         | about 5,000 years ago and look how much has happened since.
         | 
         | By comparison, we killed off the Dodo in, what, less than 10
         | years?
         | 
         | I think it's fair to talk about 10,000 years as a long time.
         | Sure it's barely a blink in geologic time, but we're talking
         | about the human perspective here.
        
           | Aloisius wrote:
           | The Dodo lived on a tiny island and it was driven extinct
           | largely by invasive species brought by humans.
           | 
           | It took humans quite a bit longer to drive say, the tarpan,
           | to extinction.
        
       | BillyJoeLouBob wrote:
       | Also around the same time don't forget that dinosaurs lived with
       | Jesus too. But only in America.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | _> But some archaeologists say it 's hard to imagine that humans
       | would repeatedly traverse a site and leave no stone tools._
       | 
       | Those tools were _really valuable_. They busted their butts,
       | making them, and wouldn 't want to toss them aside, just because
       | they got chipped or cracked. They are much more likely to throw
       | them into a "spare parts bag," and keep them around.
       | 
       | Today's throwaway culture is actually pretty new, in human
       | history. Just hang around some poor folks, to see radical
       | conservation, in action.
        
         | AlotOfReading wrote:
         | Lithics were, broadly speaking, more akin to how we treat
         | plastics than metal tools. Lithic production results in enough
         | waste that archaeologists give the waste a special name
         | ("debitage") and even use it for destructive testing that would
         | be unthinkable for more significant / less voluminous
         | artifacts.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | Thanks. Was not aware.
           | 
           | The other possibility, is that most of their tools were
           | composed of biodegradable stuff, like wood, bones, and
           | shells.
           | 
           | In Africa, they used wood and raw iron for their stuff (I
           | have spears, shields, and arrows, from there). That doesn't
           | tend to age well.
        
             | AlotOfReading wrote:
             | That leaves other evidence that's been looked for.
             | Additionally, the Eurasian cultures that peopled the
             | Americas are all known to have been heavy lithic users.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | Somewhere, I have an old stone hand axe. It's really
               | well-made. Not sure where it's from, but I believe it
               | came from a European Stone Age dig, about fifty years ago
               | (probably stolen. People weren't so circumspect, in those
               | days).
        
         | jandrewrogers wrote:
         | I am skeptical of this assertion.
         | 
         | If you walk the mountains of Nevada along the fossil shoreline
         | where the Lahontan[0] civilization thrived, you will regularly
         | find large quantities of neolithic trash strewn about. Broken,
         | half-finished, or abandoned stone tools are ubiquitous. It
         | takes little effort to find obsidian arrowheads, some in
         | perfect condition.
         | 
         | The preponderance of the evidence is that these were viewed as
         | disposable artifacts, use once and throw away. If they were
         | actually valuable, they could have picked these up in the same
         | way we pick them up today. It would have essentially been "free
         | money" lying on the ground. Yet for some reason, in all the
         | intervening millennia, so few people did that modern humans can
         | find them everywhere.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Lahontan
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | You are probably correct. This is not my area of expertise,
           | and I likely made an assertion that has weak support.
        
       | mkl wrote:
       | > Sloths weren't always slow-moving, furry tree-dwellers. Their
       | prehistoric ancestors were huge--up to 4 tons
       | 
       | No, modern sloths are not descended from giant ground sloths. The
       | rest of the article might be okay, but it's hard to trust it
       | after a mistake like that.
        
         | bahmboo wrote:
         | Are you sure? " The Megatherioidea also includes the three-toed
         | sloths of the genus Bradypus, one of the two sloth genera still
         | alive today."
        
       | pvaldes wrote:
       | Eels and tuna lived for millennia also, and will be extinct in a
       | couple of human generations. When ecosystems collapse, they do it
       | really fast, even after years of abuse.
        
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