[HN Gopher] If ChatGPT produces AI-generated code for your app, ...
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       If ChatGPT produces AI-generated code for your app, who does it
       belong to?
        
       Author : bookofjoe
       Score  : 21 points
       Date   : 2024-12-24 20:25 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.zdnet.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.zdnet.com)
        
       | tommek4077 wrote:
       | Plot twist: Nobody who is in charge should care.
       | 
       | Leave the no to the naysayers.
       | 
       | Ship your app, generate traffic, usage, income. Leave the
       | discussions to other people.
        
         | SavageBeast wrote:
         | Commenting on this to mark it in my feed for later reference.
         | Well said!
        
         | suryajena wrote:
         | Unless you are now involved in a lawsuit that asks for a
         | hypothetical 50% of your income for using a tech very similar
         | to their and they speculate its been stolen and not permitted
         | by their license and even if you know you are going to win/or
         | that it doesn't affect you still have to spend money on the
         | lawyers fighting it.
        
         | david-gpu wrote:
         | Do that at $BigCorp and Legal will eat you alive, if not fired.
         | 
         | Long ago I went through the company-approved process to link to
         | SQLite and they had such a long list of caveats and concerns
         | that we just gave up. It gave me a new understanding of how
         | much legal risk a company takes when they use a third-party
         | library, even if it's popular and the license is not copyleft.
        
       | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
       | Nothing particularly new, since none of the cases around this
       | have concluded.
       | 
       | If I were to guess, I'd say the output of an LLM isn't
       | copyrightable (it's not the creation of a human), unless it's a
       | verbatim copy of some copyrighted training data in which case it
       | belongs to the authors of the work(s) used in training. This
       | creates the most annoying combination of legal problems around
       | using it, so by Murphy's Law it must be correct!
        
       | christkv wrote:
       | If i pay a consultant to write code out generally belongs to me.
       | Why would a tool like an llm be any different if you are a paying
       | customer. If you are on the free model shrug....
        
         | xandrius wrote:
         | Incorrect, it clearly belongs to you if there is an agreement
         | with the transfer of such rights otherwise you are in murky
         | waters.
         | 
         | LLMs are not individuals automatically covered by copyright
         | laws, as they are simply tools based off other (often)
         | copyrighted work. This means that the initial copyright
         | infringement is still a valid concern, hence these discussions.
         | 
         | If it was a easy and clear cut as just shrugging, the
         | conversation wouldn't be so prevalent.
        
         | icedchai wrote:
         | Unless you have a work-for-hire agreement, it belongs to them.
         | I once explained this to a client (that still owed me money)
         | and he got pretty angry.
        
       | wodenokoto wrote:
       | Isn't this article trying to heavily over complicate matters?
       | OpenAI grants you ownership of output. Why do we even need to
       | discuss autherless rights?
        
       | PittleyDunkin wrote:
       | Ownership of software never made any sense to begin with. We
       | should abandon such a concept as belonging to the dark ages.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | On one hand I agree with you, if I can build the same software
         | you can, I should be able to sell it all the same. On the
         | other, if there's no copyright or similar, what stops theft of
         | source code and an identical program with fresh branding?
        
           | PittleyDunkin wrote:
           | > I should be able to sell it all the same
           | 
           | No, you should be compensated for your labor. This does not
           | entail a market product.
        
             | Etheryte wrote:
             | So only the first company to make a search engine should be
             | able to sell a search engine? I don't see how this stance
             | makes any sense.
        
               | thot_experiment wrote:
               | I assume op means you should be compensated through a
               | method other than pretending software is scarce and
               | trying to assign value to it through a system that relies
               | on equivocating scarcity with value.
        
               | PittleyDunkin wrote:
               | No, selling a search engine never made any sense to begin
               | with. Services should be publicly funded and freely
               | accessible. As a bonus we wouldn't have to put up with
               | spam on every site on the internet.
        
             | energy123 wrote:
             | How will your system compensate people who write useful
             | code if that code isn't allowed to be an excludable market
             | product?
        
         | itake wrote:
         | Does ownership of books make sense? What is the difference
         | between code and books? Code is translated to machine code,
         | just like books can be translated to other languages.
        
           | 1659447091 wrote:
           | You own the medium the content is contained in (for books,
           | the paper). Not the content itself. You do not get to copy
           | the books content and place it in another container and sell
           | the new container as though the content within it was yours
           | to distribute in the first place.
        
             | kcb wrote:
             | I own my hard drive too, not sure how that's any different
             | than paper.
             | 
             | And we can't ignore that ebooks exist.
        
       | tibbon wrote:
       | My understanding from a talk by an attorney at HOPE 2024 was that
       | AI-generated materials cannot be defended/owned under copyright.
        
         | outofpaper wrote:
         | Yes the copyright office ha already published guidance on the
         | issue but journalists continue to skip over this as a primary
         | source.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | This varies widely by country. The US does not have "database
       | copyright" or "sweat of the brow" copyright. See _Feist vs. Rural
       | Telephone_ , which was about telephone directories. This
       | restriction comes directly from the U.S. Constitution and would
       | require a constitutional amendment to change.[1]
       | 
       | The UK and EU are different. The EU allows copyrights on
       | databases.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artI-S8-C8-3-...
        
       | badsectoracula wrote:
       | I already mentioned in another thread (which didn't get much
       | discussion), but the recent EU AI Act takes into account the
       | source material for training by essentially saying that you can
       | train on copyrighted data _unless_ the author opts out. The text
       | from the AI Act is:
       | 
       | > General-purpose AI models, in particular large generative AI
       | models, capable of generating text, images, and other content,
       | present unique innovation opportunities but also challenges to
       | artists, authors, and other creators and the way their creative
       | content is created, distributed, used and consumed. The
       | development and training of such models require access to vast
       | amounts of text, images, videos, and other data. Text and data
       | mining techniques may be used extensively in this context for the
       | retrieval and analysis of such content, which may be protected by
       | copyright and related rights.
       | 
       | > Any use of copyright protected content requires the
       | authorisation of the rightsholder concerned unless relevant
       | copyright exceptions and limitations apply.
       | 
       | > Directive (EU) 2019/790 introduced exceptions and limitations
       | allowing reproductions and extractions of works or other subject
       | matter, for the purpose of text and data mining, under certain
       | conditions. Under these rules, rightsholders may choose to
       | reserve their rights over their works or other subject matter to
       | prevent text and data mining, unless this is done for the
       | purposes of scientific research. Where the rights to opt out has
       | been expressly reserved in an appropriate manner, providers of
       | general-purpose AI models need to obtain an authorisation from
       | rightsholders if they want to carry out text and data mining over
       | such works.
       | 
       | (note that the "appropriate manner" is meant to be some machine
       | readable way, AFAIK the way this will happen is still in works -
       | the Act wont become law until 2026 anyway)
       | 
       | Under EU copyright law the machine generated output (like code,
       | etc) cannot be copyrighted. Essentially this means that:
       | 
       | 1. ChatGPT et al. can can train on copyrighted code, text, etc
       | unless the authors opt out via some (machine readable) way.
       | 
       | 2. ChatGPT et al. can then reproduce a bunch of code from
       | whatever it was trained on, that code _by itself_ is not
       | copyrightable (but it can be modified and become part of a
       | copyrighted work - think of it as combining public domain code
       | with some other project).
       | 
       | AFAIK the only muddy aspect is what happens when ChatGPT (or
       | really any AI generative algorithm) reproduces already
       | copyrighted works without the knowledge of the user. Again AFAIK
       | this is something that is currently being worked on.
       | 
       | There was an AMA on Reddit recently[0] by someone who worked on
       | the act and answered a bunch of questions. IMO it is a great AMA
       | on the topic (at least if you ignore the trolls that ask "why do
       | you want to destroy EU", etc).
       | 
       | Also (unrelated to the above AMA) i think both UK and US are
       | likely going towards a similar direction.
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/ArtificialInteligence/comments/1fqm...
        
       | jjice wrote:
       | This felt like a way bigger topic (LLM copyright in general) when
       | ChatGPT first dropped and now no one cares it seems. Are there
       | ongoing cases for this or did something get settled that set a
       | copyright-free precedent that I missed?
        
       | Wowfunhappy wrote:
       | > In 2021, the Canadian agency ISED (Innovation, Science and
       | Economic Development Canada) recommended three approaches to the
       | question:
       | 
       | > 1. Ownership belongs to the person who arranged for the work to
       | be created.
       | 
       | > 2. Ownership and copyright are only applicable to works
       | produced by humans, and thus, the resultant code would not be
       | eligible for copyright protection.
       | 
       | > 3. A new "authorless" set of rights should be created for AI-
       | generated works.
       | 
       | It seems obvious to me that the answer should be #1. An artist
       | who creates pieces out of random paint splatters (modern art!)
       | didn't purposefully choose the location of their paint marks.
       | However, they still own the copyright because they arranged for
       | the creation of the work. You would never argue that a piece like
       | this is uncopyrightable.
        
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       (page generated 2024-12-24 23:01 UTC)