[HN Gopher] AI Decodes the Calls of the Wild
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       AI Decodes the Calls of the Wild
        
       Author : bookofjoe
       Score  : 82 points
       Date   : 2024-12-22 14:01 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | firtoz wrote:
       | I can totally understand an animal associating some of the sounds
       | that it has heard in its lifetime, perhaps even a "name" for
       | itself. There may also be possibilities for some animal
       | populations e.g. crows if enough generations have passed with
       | common sounds, to mean different things, especially when those
       | things were encountered enough times during the lifetimes of
       | them. So that could build to some kind of "for the birds of this
       | region, this sound/combination may represent something specific".
       | 
       | Same for dogs and so on.
       | 
       | There may also be some kind of more subtle genetics/morphology
       | based distinctions, beyond the obvious "snarl for most dogs means
       | afraid, angry, aggressive, possessive, or in pain"...
       | 
       | But... it seems that the collapse of tower of babel happens very
       | frequently for non-humans, so unsure how "useful" an AI training
       | may be for the majority of the cases.
        
         | ripped_britches wrote:
         | So your comment is just "I don't know how useful this new
         | science will be"?
         | 
         | What separates any science from corporate R&D is basically that
         | exact statement.
         | 
         | I wouldn't be surprised if we learn more about ourselves from
         | this research, not to mention the animals it covers.
        
           | firtoz wrote:
           | Don't get me wrong, I'm excited for it, just trying to
           | understand or predict the extents... Also I'm a layman in
           | this field, so who knows!
        
             | dumpsterdiver wrote:
             | I imagine this line of research would be of interest to
             | intelligence agencies. Especially when you start taking a
             | multi-modal approach that incorporates sensors such as
             | heart rate, perspiration, etc, then we're basically talking
             | about pre-Judgment Day Terminators.
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | They are more sophisticated in their communication than you are
         | portraying.
         | 
         | > "Perhaps" even a name for itself
         | 
         | No perhaps needed, dogs will respond to a name and know it
         | refers to them. You might be interested in reading this study
         | about dogs doing fMRI while responding to new and old words:
         | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/1...
        
           | jjtheblunt wrote:
           | we have, besides a dog, cats, and they all know their
           | individual names very clearly, repeatably, demonstrably. they
           | also seem to know the names of one another, but of course
           | cooperation is more eager in dogs than in cats, so harder to
           | demonstrate that.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | My dog knows all the neighbor dogs names, and their owner's
         | names. He's a smart breed but I feel like you're really
         | underestimating animal cognition.
        
         | jazzyjackson wrote:
         | in my opinion, derived from just sitting in the woods being
         | observant of the bird song, I don't think any individual bird
         | has much to say (besides the requisite 'somebody screw me' and
         | 'get the fuck away') but there is a lot of nuance'd information
         | being transmitted in aggregate. How long its been since there
         | was a predator, how soon is the next rain, are we in agreement
         | that just about all the food is gone here (quorum sensing /
         | collective decision making).
         | 
         | Crows and other corvids of course are another level of
         | sophistication. When they're gathering in trees (like when
         | instead of leaves a tree has crows, that kind of gathering)
         | somebody told me that there's elections going on, which
         | individuals will be given decision making power are being
         | chosen through bickering and persuasion.
         | 
         | As for dogs (and a brief google doesn't recall my source so
         | take it with a grain of salt, but,) I'll add that they're the
         | only animal besides humans that have been observed making
         | pacts, promises, "if you go I'll go" style. IANA-consensus-in-
         | animal-populations however, and body language goes a long way
         | in signaling submission, agreeableness, resistance, doubt etc.
        
           | esperent wrote:
           | It's a fair bet that anything intellectual that a dog can do,
           | many other animals can do, too. If it appears that it's only
           | dogs, that's almost certainly just because we get to observe
           | them so much more than other creatures.
           | 
           | https://english.elpais.com/science-tech/2023-09-13/pacts-
           | amo...
        
       | dools wrote:
       | "Donning his new canine decoder, Professor Schwartzman becomes
       | the first human being on Earth to hear what barking dogs are
       | actually saying"
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | "Hey!"
         | 
         | These were the memes that we brought to and from school uphill
         | both ways, kids.
        
       | codingwagie wrote:
       | We are about to watch alot of mysteries unravel
        
       | vasco wrote:
       | There recently was a 2025 predictions thread, my prediction just
       | got adjusted to "the Department of Defense will bribe birds to
       | spy for them by talking to them through AI".
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | > The ducks in St. James' Park are so used to being fed bread
         | by secret agents meeting clandestinely that they have developed
         | their own Pavlovian reaction. Put a St. James' Park duck in a
         | laboratory cage and show it a picture of two men--one usually
         | wearing a coat with a fur collar, the other something somber
         | with a scarf--and it'll look up expectantly. The Russian
         | cultural Attaches black bread is particularly sought after by
         | the more discerning duck, while the head of M19's soggy Hovis
         | with Marmite is relished by the connoisseurs.
         | 
         |  _Good Omens_ , by Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman
        
       | mlsu wrote:
       | Total speculation, but I think it may be possible for transformer
       | models to internalize a deep understanding of animal language,
       | and possibly generate animal language. For some reason I also
       | believe that they may never be able to translate it for us, and
       | animals and humans will be unable to communicate just as much as
       | today.
        
         | sourcepluck wrote:
         | What makes you think this? On the face of it, what you're
         | saying seems to be absolutely nonsensical, so I'm curious.
        
           | Jensson wrote:
           | Because animals doesn't use words, they use the equivalent of
           | laughter, crying, body language, shrieks etc. So you already
           | understand your dog and cat, as it isn't that hard to read
           | these signals in them.
        
         | arcastroe wrote:
         | I agree, transformer models trained solely on animal language
         | may be able to predict the next "token" and generate coherent
         | animal "sentences", even if we don't understand what any of
         | those sounds/vocalizations mean.
         | 
         | However, I do think there is a path to some sort of translation
         | to human languages. An English dictionary may seem pointless
         | because it defines every word using only other English words.
         | But the meaning is contained in the _relationship_ between the
         | words.
         | 
         | The _relationship_ between certain animal-language tokens may
         | look close enough to the _relationship_ between certain human-
         | language tokens to bridge the gap, even if both languages are
         | entirely disconnected and we've never seen a direct translation
         | between them.
        
           | hun3 wrote:
           | See also: word embedding and sentence embedding models
        
           | hackinthebochs wrote:
           | Just correlate the tokens with the state of the environment
           | and surrounding behavior and the meaning should reveal
           | itself. The extent that vocalizations predict subsequent
           | environment states, or the environment predicts subsequent
           | words, is the meaning captured by those vocalizations.
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | to what extent do ethologists already (manually) look for
             | these correlations?
        
         | Sparkyte wrote:
         | Animals will probably evolve to speak well before AI figures
         | out what animals are saying.
        
           | xandrius wrote:
           | Given the evolution of AI vs the evolution of animal
           | language, the probability is actually heavily leaning towards
           | the opposite.
        
             | consp wrote:
             | I would really like a _very_ detailed explanation of how AI
             | is evolving instead of just having more computation power
             | and shortcuts applied.
        
               | spacebanana7 wrote:
               | Why is much detail required for the pace of change
               | comparison?
               | 
               | Animal language doesn't change much. Dogs sound pretty
               | much the same as they did 10 years ago.
               | 
               | But AI generated sounds have changed rapidly in the past
               | couple of years. In terms of music generation, sound to
               | sound translation, and audio to text transcription.
        
               | Sparkyte wrote:
               | Actually I believe this is false. If dogs are not
               | socialized with other dogs there is a distinct lack of
               | language, body language varies incredibly on a per dog
               | basis. You can say most are adopting human like
               | mannerisms to communicate with us better.
               | 
               | Smart glasses might be able to leverage the process of
               | LLMS to decipher a gesture or two of dog like behavior,
               | but it also has to learn it from the that dog's own
               | unique vocabulary.
               | 
               | It is different if a group of animals is socialized
               | between themselves for a long duration and time. Why?
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_deprivation You do
               | not genetically pass down language. It has to be learned
               | or made up.
        
           | victorbjorklund wrote:
           | Why would animals ever have an evolutionary need to learn to
           | speak english?
        
             | noman-land wrote:
             | So we can sell them things, obviously.
        
             | Sparkyte wrote:
             | Sometimes to convey needs better. Some species of dogs
             | vocalize almost human like sounds. However there has to be
             | selective pressures to encourage DNA change that produces a
             | dog that can talk. Without breeding happening to produce
             | those selective features it will not happen. This probably
             | won't happen for 200K+ years.
             | 
             | However we've been training dogs to press buttons to
             | express their needs and this is likely to come well before
             | AI manages to establish LLMs around dog mannerisms.
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | It's an interesting thought - even with a translator, could
         | their cognition and world be so alien to us as to be
         | incompressible?
         | 
         | I would think largely not - particularly for mammals - it's
         | easy to think you have nothing in common with a shrew or a
         | whale, but we are quite recent cousins, and much of our
         | cognitive architecture and sensorium is the same.
         | 
         | That said, there could well be challenges and revelations
         | beyond the obvious - for instance, can domesticated members of
         | a species communicate with their wild cousins, or have they
         | lost their culture/language? Cetaceans - do they talk in
         | holograms? These are perhaps still obvious questions, but if
         | it's something we figure out, we may get answers to things
         | we've never even considered asking.
        
         | soulofmischief wrote:
         | Language requires a prior shared context. Communication is then
         | optimized around relationships between those concepts. Without
         | situational context, we might not ever determine the "meaning"
         | for a lot of animal language. But we can still likely
         | understand the relationships between different expressions,
         | which may be of some use within itself to at least establish an
         | emotional baseline for some expressions.
         | 
         | There are already research groups who have been attempting to
         | use embeddings and transformers to build out a vector space of
         | specific animal languages. I think they will find some success
         | and improve our current understanding, the question is how much
         | context we will be able to derive. It's possible for example,
         | that end-to-end multimodal AI would be able to train not just
         | on animal sounds, but the body language and environmental and
         | situational context they are in via video and other captured
         | environmental data.
        
       | piedra wrote:
       | I think each animal has its own language, for example my dog make
       | a noise with his noise when he is frustrated (expected something
       | better that what he got), and move the tail sideways when he
       | feels like to play or put his tail up when he is happy, so it is
       | a body language. He can't learn other dogs language because there
       | is no consensus on what words mean and so there is not feed-back.
        
         | Sparkyte wrote:
         | Exactly it is all expressive.
        
       | bregma wrote:
       | Q: What do you get when you cross artificial "intelligence" with
       | "dumb" animals?
       | 
       | A: I don't know. Further research required.
        
       | nopromisessir wrote:
       | We are translating language from a ton of other species. Now we
       | can see that they are using names and probably sharing
       | information.
       | 
       | The brightest minds now want to use machine learning to tease out
       | more low level features of language itself, across various
       | species.
       | 
       | We are already calling monkeys and elephants by their native
       | names y'all... And they are responding to this...
       | 
       | Think about it... This research is unlikely to stall. We're
       | barely scratching the surface. The animals were having more
       | nuanced conversation than we thought. They've been doing this for
       | millions of years...
       | 
       | Condescension toward nature... Usually a mistake. I'm not saying
       | they are all philosophers, but it seems very likely they've been
       | having some pretty advanced conversations surrounding their own
       | affairs. If we can call them by their name... Probably we're
       | going to unlock some pretty interesting communication.
        
       | sofayam wrote:
       | If we could talk to animals, then, on the positive side we could
       | explain things to them like "watch for traffic when you cross
       | this road" but we could also deceive them. A lot of what hunters
       | and farmers have done since time immemorial has used our superior
       | - or maybe just different - intelligence to exploit or trap
       | animals, but imagine the chaos we could wreak if we could
       | literally argue them into behaving against their best interests.
       | Not everyone would use this ability responsibly, especially if
       | there was money to be made.
        
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