[HN Gopher] GPT-5 is behind schedule
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       GPT-5 is behind schedule
        
       Author : owenthejumper
       Score  : 540 points
       Date   : 2024-12-22 12:29 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wsj.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wsj.com)
        
       | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
       | Counterpoint: o1-Pro is insanely good -- subjectively, it's as
       | far above GPT4 as GPT4 was above 3. It's almost _too_ good. Use
       | it properly for an extended period of time, and one begins to
       | worry about the future of one 's children and the utility of
       | their schooling.
       | 
       | o3, by all accounts, is better still.
       | 
       | Seems to me that things are progressing quickly enough.
        
         | apwell23 wrote:
         | what do you use it for ?
        
         | phito wrote:
         | I keep reading this on HN so I believe it has to be true in
         | some ways, but I don't really feel like there is any difference
         | in my limited use (programming questions or explaining some
         | concepts).
         | 
         | If anything I feel like it's all been worse compared to the
         | first release of ChatGPT, but I might be wearing rose colored
         | glasses.
        
           | delusional wrote:
           | I'd say the same. I've tried a bunch of different AI tools,
           | and none of them really seem all that helpful.
        
             | ogogmad wrote:
             | One use-case: They help with learning things quickly by
             | having a chat and asking questions. And they never get
             | tired or emotional. Tutoring 24/7.
             | 
             | They also generate small code or scripts, as well as
             | automate small things, when you're not sure how, but you
             | know there's a way. You need to ensure you have a way to
             | verify the results.
             | 
             | They do language tasks like grammar-fixing, perfect
             | translation, etc.
             | 
             | They're 100 times easier and faster than search engines, if
             | you limit your uses to that.
        
               | vintermann wrote:
               | They can't help you learn what they don't know
               | themselves.
               | 
               | I'm trying to use them to read historical handwritten
               | documents in old Norwegian (Danish, pretty much). Not
               | only do they not handle the German-style handwriting, but
               | what they spit out looks like the sort of thing GPT-2
               | would spit out if you asked it to write Norwegian (only
               | slightly better than Swedish Muppet Swedish Chef's
               | Swedish). It seems the experimental tuning has made it
               | _worse_ at the task I most desperately want to use it
               | for.
               | 
               | And when you think about it, how could it _not_ overfit
               | in some sense, when trained on its own output? No new
               | information is coming in, so it pretty much has to get
               | worse at _something_ to get better at all the benchmarks.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > perfect translation
               | 
               | Hah, no. They're good, but they definitely make stuff up
               | when the context gets too long. Always check their
               | output, just the same as you already note they need for
               | small code and scripts.
        
           | omega3 wrote:
           | Same, on every release from openai, anthropic I keep reading
           | how the new model is so much better (insert hyperbole here)
           | than the previous one yet when using it I feel like they are
           | mostly the same as last year.
        
           | mathieuh wrote:
           | It's the same for me. I genuinely don't understand how I can
           | be having such a completely different experience from the
           | people who rave about ChatGPT. Every time I've tried it's
           | been useless.
           | 
           | How can some people think it's amazing and has completely
           | changed how they work, while for me it makes mistakes that a
           | static analyser would catch? It's not like I'm doing anything
           | remarkable, for the past couple of months I've been doing
           | fairly standard web dev and it can't even fix basic problems
           | with HTML. It will suggest things that just don't work at all
           | and my IDE catches, it invents APIs for packages.
           | 
           | One guy I work with uses it extensively and what it produces
           | is essentially black boxes. If I find a problem with
           | something "he" (or rather ChatGPT) has produced it takes him
           | ages to commune with the machine spirit again to figure out
           | how to fix it, and then he still doesn't understand it.
           | 
           | I can't help but see this as a time-bomb, how much completely
           | inscrutable shite are these tools producing? In five years
           | are we going to end up with a bunch of "senior engineers" who
           | don't actually understand what they're doing?
           | 
           | Before people cry "o tempora o mores" at me and make
           | parallels with the introduction of high-level languages, at
           | least in order to write in a high-level language you need
           | some basic understanding of the logic that is being executed.
        
             | lm28469 wrote:
             | > How can some people think it's amazing and has completely
             | changed how they work, while for me it makes mistakes that
             | should a static analyser would catch?
             | 
             | There are a lot of code monkeys working on boilerplate
             | code, these people used to rely on stack overflow and now
             | that chatgpt is here it's a huge improvement for them
             | 
             | If you work on anything remotely complex or which hasn't
             | been solved 10 times on stack overflow chatgpt isn't
             | remotely as useful
        
               | skinner_ wrote:
               | I work on very complex problems. Some of my solutions
               | have small, standard substeps that now I can reliably
               | outsource to ChatGPT. Here are a few just from last week:
               | 
               | - write cvxpy code to find the chromatic number of a
               | graph, and an optimal coloring, given its adjecency
               | matrix.
               | 
               | - given an adjecency matrix write numpy code that
               | enumerates all triangle-free vertex subsets.
               | 
               | - please port this old code from tensorflow to pytorch:
               | ...
               | 
               | - in pytorch, i'd like to code a tensor network defining
               | a 3-tensor of shape (d, d, d). my tensor consists of
               | first projecting all three of its d-dimensional inputs to
               | a k-dimensional vector, typically k=d/10, and then
               | applying a (k, k, k) 3-tensor to contract these to a
               | single number.
               | 
               | All were solved by ChatGPT on the first try.
        
               | lazypenguin wrote:
               | To be honest, these don't sound like hard problems. These
               | sound like they have very specific answers that I might
               | find in the more specialized stackoverflow sections.
               | These are also the kind of questions (not in this domain)
               | that I've found yield the best results from LLMs.
               | 
               | In comparison asking an LLM a more project specific
               | question "this code has a race condition where is it"
               | while including some code usually is a crapshoot and
               | really depends if you were lucky enough to give it the
               | right context anyway.
        
               | skinner_ wrote:
               | Sure, these are standard problems, I've said so myself.
               | My point is that my productivity is multiplied by
               | ChatGPT, even if it can only solve standard problems.
               | This is because, although I work on highly non-standard
               | problems (see https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.10069 for an
               | example), I can break them down into smaller, standard
               | components, which ChatGPT can solve in seconds. I never
               | ask ChatGPT "where's the race condition" kind of
               | questions.
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | He doesn't mean complex/ research-level tasks.
               | 
               | He means complex in bridging together many non-public
               | libraries, APIs and services which the LLM doesn't know
               | well. That kind of complexity
        
             | globular-toast wrote:
             | The ones who use it extensively are the same that used to
             | hit up stackoverflow as the first port of call for every
             | trivial problem that came their way. They're not really
             | engineers, they just want to get stuff done.
        
               | phist_mcgee wrote:
               | No ad hominem please.
        
               | globular-toast wrote:
               | Hmm... calling people "not engineers" is considered an
               | attack now? I'm afraid this is actually revealing your
               | own bias towards engineers. I never said engineers were
               | superior or that we'd be better off with a whole world
               | full of them.
        
               | phist_mcgee wrote:
               | Nice try mate, but you're not flipping this one on me.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | > How can some people think it's amazing and has completely
             | changed how they work, while for me it makes mistakes that
             | should a static analyser would catch? It's not like I'm
             | doing anything remarkable, for the past couple of months
             | I've been doing fairly standard web dev and it can't even
             | fix basic problems with HTML.
             | 
             | Part of this is, I think, anchoring and expectation
             | management: you hear people say it's amazing and wonderful,
             | and then you see it fall over and you're naturally
             | disappointed.
             | 
             | My formative years started off with Commodore 64 basic
             | going "?SYNTAX ERROR" from most typos plus a lot of "I
             | don't know what that means" from the text adventures, then
             | Metrowerks' C compiler telling me there were errors on
             | every line _*after but not including*_ the one where I
             | forgot the semicolon, then surprises in VisualBasic and
             | Java where I was getting integer division rather than
             | floats, then the fantastic oddity where accidentally
             | leaning on the option key on a mac keyboard while pressing
             | minus turns the minus into an n-dash which looked
             | completely identical to a minus on the Xcode default font
             | at the time and thus produced a very confusing compiler
             | error...
             | 
             | So my expectations have always been low for machine
             | generated output. And it has wildly exceeded those low
             | expectations.
             | 
             | But the expectation management goes both ways, especially
             | when the comparison is "normal humans" rather than "best
             | practices". I've seen things you wouldn't believe...
             | Entire files copy-pasted line for line, "TODO: deduplicate"
             | and all,       20 minute app starts passed off as
             | "optimized solutions."       FAQs filled with nothing but
             | Bob Ross quotes,       a zen garden of "happy little
             | accidents."            I watched iOS developers use UI
             | tests       as a complete replacement for storyboards,
             | bi-weekly commits, each a sprawling novel of despair,
             | where every change log was a tragic odyssey.
             | Google Spreadsheets masquerading as bug trackers,
             | Swift juniors not knowing their ! from their ?,       All
             | those hacks and horrors... lost in time,       Time to
             | deploy.
             | 
             | (All true, and all pre-dating ChatGPT).
             | 
             | > It will suggest things that just don't work at all and my
             | IDE catches, it invents APIs for packages.
             | 
             | Aye. I've even had that with models forgetting the APIs
             | they themselves have created, just outside the context
             | window.
             | 
             | To me, these are tools. They're fantastic tools, but
             | they're not something you can blindly fire-and-forget...
             | 
             | ...fortunately for me, because my passive income is _not
             | quite_ high enough to cover mortgage payments, and I 'm
             | looking for work.
             | 
             | > In five years are we going to end up with a bunch of
             | "senior engineers" who don't actually understand what
             | they're doing?
             | 
             | Yes, if we're lucky.
             | 
             | If we're not, the models keep getting better and we don't
             | have any "senior engineers" at all.
        
             | williamcotton wrote:
             | I found it very useful for writing a lexer and parser for a
             | search DSL and React component recently:
             | 
             | https://github.com/williamcotton/search-input-query
        
               | zeroonetwothree wrote:
               | Interesting. I implemented something very similar (if not
               | identical) a couple years ago (at work so not open
               | source). I used a simple grammar and standard parser
               | generator. It's been nice to have the grammar as we've
               | made tweaks over the years to change various behaviours
               | and add features.
        
             | vrighter wrote:
             | first time I tried it, I asked it to find bugs in a piece
             | of very well tested C code.
             | 
             | It introduced an off-by-one error by miscounting the number
             | of arguments in an sprintf call, breaking the program. And
             | then proceeded to fail to find that bug that it introduced.
        
             | jonas21 wrote:
             | I think the difference comes down to interacting with it
             | like IDE autocomplete vs. interacting with it like a
             | colleague.
             | 
             | It sounds like you're doing the former -- and yeah, it can
             | make mistakes that autocomplete wouldn't or generate code
             | that's wrong or overly complex.
             | 
             | On the other hand, I've found that if you treat it more
             | like a colleague, it works wonderfully. Ask it to do
             | something, then read the code and ask follow-up questions.
             | If you see something that's wrong or just seems off, tell
             | it, and ask it to fix it. If you don't understand
             | something, ask for an explanation. I've found that this
             | process generates great code that I often understand better
             | than if I had written it from scratch, and in a fraction of
             | the time.
             | 
             | It also sounds like you're asking it to do basic tasks that
             | you already know how to do. I find that it's most useful in
             | tackling things that I _don 't_ know how to do. It'll
             | already have read all of the documentation and know the
             | right way to call whatever APIs, etc, and -- this is key --
             | you can have a conversation with it to clear up anything
             | that's confusing.
             | 
             | This takes a big shift in mindset if you've been using IDEs
             | all your life and have expectations of LLMs being a fancy
             | autocomplete. And you really have to unlearn a lot of stuff
             | to get the most out of them.
        
               | LinearEntropy wrote:
               | I'm in the same boat as the person you're responding to.
               | I really don't understand how to get anything helpful out
               | of ChatGPT, or more than anything basic out of Claude.
               | 
               | > I've found that if you treat it more like a colleague,
               | it works wonderfully. This is what I've been trying to
               | do. I don't use LLM code completion tools. I'll ask
               | anything from how to do something "basicish" with html &
               | css, and it'll always output something that doesn't work
               | as expected. Question it and I'll get into a loop of the
               | same response code, regardless of how I explain that it
               | isn't correct.
               | 
               | On the other end of the scale, I'll ask about an
               | architectural or design decision. I'll often get a
               | response that is in the realm of what I'd expect. When
               | drilling down and asking specifics however, the responses
               | really start to fall apart. I inevitably end up in the
               | loop of asking if an alternative is [more performant/best
               | practice/the language idiomatic way] and getting the
               | "Sorry, you're correct" response. The longer I stay in
               | that loop, the more it contradicts itself, and the less
               | cohesive the answers get.
               | 
               | I _wish_ I could get the results from LLMs that so many
               | people seem to. It just doesn't happen for me.
        
               | ALittleLight wrote:
               | My approach is a lot of writing out ideas and giving them
               | to ChatGPT. ChatGPT sometimes nods along, sometimes
               | offers bad or meaningless suggestions, sometimes offers
               | good suggestions, sometimes points out (what should have
               | been) obvious errors or mistakes. The process of writing
               | stuff out is useful anyway and sometimes getting good
               | feedback on it is even better.
               | 
               | When coding I will often find myself in kind of a reverse
               | pattern from how people seem to be using ChatGPT. I work
               | in a jupyter notebook in a haphazard way getting things
               | to functional and basically correct, after this I select
               | all, copy, paste, and ask ChatGPT to refactor and refine
               | to something more maintainable. My janky blocks of code
               | and one offs become well documented scripts and
               | functions.
               | 
               | I find a lot of people do the opposite, where they ask
               | ChatGPT to start, then get frustrated when ChatGPT only
               | goes 70% of the way and it's difficult to complete the
               | imperfectly understood assignment - harder than doing it
               | all yourself. With my method, where I start and get
               | things basically working, ChatGPT knows what I'm going
               | for, I get to do the part of coding I enjoy, and I wind
               | up with something more durable, reusable, and shareable.
               | 
               | Finally, ChatGPT is wonderful in areas where you don't
               | know very much at all. One example, I've got this idea in
               | my head for a product I'll likely never build - but it's
               | fun to plan out.
               | 
               | My idea is roughly a smart bidet that can detect
               | metabolites in urine. I got this idea when a urinalysis
               | showed I had high levels of ketones in my urine. When I
               | was reading about what that meant I discovered it's a
               | marker for diabetic ketoacidosis (a severe problem for
               | ~100k people a year) and it can also be indicator for
               | colorectal cancer as well as indicating a "ketosis" state
               | that some people intentionally try to enter for dieting
               | or wellness reasons. (My own ketones were caused by
               | unintentionally being in ketosis, I'm fine, thanks for
               | wondering.)
               | 
               | Right now, you detect ketones in urine with a strip that
               | you pee on, and that works well enough - but it could be
               | better because who wants to use a test strip all the
               | time? Enter the smart bidet. The bidet gives us an excuse
               | to connect power to our device and bring the sensor
               | along. Bluetooth detects a nearby phone (and therefore
               | identity of the depositor), a motion sensor can detect a
               | stream of urine triggering our detection, and then use
               | our sensor to detect ketones which we track overtime in
               | the app, ideally with additional metabolites that have
               | useful diagnostic purposes.
               | 
               | How to detect ketones? Is it even possible? I wonder to
               | ChatGPT if spectroscopy is the right method of detection
               | here. ChatGPT suggests a retractable electrochemical
               | probe similar to an extant product that can detect a kind
               | of ketone in blood. ChatGPT knows what kind of ketone is
               | most detectable in urine. ChatGPT can link me to
               | scientific instrument companies that make similar (ish)
               | probes where I could contact them and ask if they sold
               | this type of thing, and so on.
               | 
               | Basically, I go from peeing on a test strip and wondering
               | if I could automate this to chat with ChatGPT - having,
               | what was in my opinion, an interesting conversation with
               | the LLM, where we worked through what ketones are, the
               | different kinds, the prevalence of ketones in different
               | bodily fluids, types of spectroscopy that might detect
               | acetoacetate (available in urine) and how much that would
               | cost and what challenges would be and so on, followed by
               | the idea of electrochemical probes and how retracting and
               | extending the probe might prolong its lifespan and maybe
               | a heating element could be added to dry the probe to
               | preserve it even better and so on.
               | 
               | Was ChatGPT right about all that? I don't know. If I were
               | really interested I would try to validate what it said,
               | and I suspect I would find it was mostly right and
               | incomplete or off in places. Basically like having a
               | pretty smart and really knowledgeable friend who is not
               | infallible.
               | 
               | Without ChatGPT I would have likely thought "I wonder if
               | I can automate this", maybe googled for some tracking
               | product, then forgot about it. With ChatGPT I quickly got
               | a much better understanding of a system that I glancingly
               | came into conscious contact with.
               | 
               | It's not hard to project out that level of improved
               | insight and guess that it will lead to valuable life
               | contributions. In fact, I would say it did in that one
               | example alone.
               | 
               | The urinalysis (which was combined with a blood test)
               | said something like "ketones +3" and if you google "urine
               | ketones +3" you get a explanations that don't apply to me
               | (alcohol, vigorous exercise, intentional dieting) or
               | "diabetic ketoacidosis" which google warns you is a
               | serious health condition.
               | 
               | In the follow up with the doctor I asked about the
               | ketones. The doctor said "Oh, you were probably just
               | dehydrated, don't worry about it, you don't have diabetic
               | ketoacidosis" and the conversation moved on and soon
               | concluded. In the moment I was just relieved there was an
               | innocent explanation. But, as I thought about it,
               | shouldn't other results in the blood or urine test
               | indicate dehydration? I asked ChatGPT (and confirmed on
               | Google) and sure enough there were 3 other signals that
               | should have been there if I was dehydrated that were not
               | there.
               | 
               | "What does this mean?" I wondered to ChatGPT. ChatGPT
               | basically told me it was probably nothing, but if I was
               | worried I could do an at home test - which I didn't even
               | know existed (though I could have found through carefully
               | reading the first google result). So I go to Target and
               | get an at home test kit (bottle of test strips), 24
               | gatorades, and a couple liters of pedialyte to ensure I'm
               | well hydrated.
               | 
               | I start drinking my usual 64 ounces of water a day, plus
               | lots of gatorade and pedialyte and over a couple days I
               | remain at high ketones in urine. Definitely not
               | dehydrated. Consulting with ChatGPT I start telling it
               | everything I'm eating and it points out that I'm just
               | accidentally in a ketogenic diet. ChatGPT suggests some
               | simple carbs for me, I start eating those, and the ketone
               | content of my urine falls off in roughly the exact
               | timeframe that ChatGPT predicted (i.e. it told me if you
               | eat this meal you should see ketones decline in ~4
               | hours).
               | 
               | Now, in some sense this didn't really matter. If I had
               | simply listened to my doctor's explanation I would've
               | been fine. Wrong, but fine. It wasn't dehydration, it was
               | just accidentally being in a ketogenic diet. But, I take
               | all this as evidence of how ChatGPT now, as it exists,
               | helped me to understand my test results in a way that
               | real doctors weren't able to - partially because ChatGPT
               | exists in a form where I can just ping it with whatever
               | stray thoughts come to mind and it will answer instantly.
               | I'm sure if I could just text my doctor those same
               | thoughts we would've come to the same conclusion.
        
               | vixen99 wrote:
               | I believe the smart bidet was an idea some Japanese
               | researchers developed some years ago. Maybe this one was
               | geared to detecting blood in faeces. Whatever,the
               | approach you describe has a huge number of possibilities
               | for alerting us to health problems without even having to
               | think about them on a daily basis. A huge advantage. On
               | the other hand this is a difficult one to implement
               | bearing in mind the kinetics involved.
        
             | CSMastermind wrote:
             | I mean if you're getting no value out of ChatGPT I'd love
             | to have a session seeing how you use it.
        
           | fzeroracer wrote:
           | If you've ever used any enterprise software for long enough,
           | you know the exact same song and dance.
           | 
           | They release version Grand Banana. Purported to be
           | approximately 30% faster with brand new features like
           | Algorithmic Triple Layering and Enhanced Compulsory
           | Alignment. You open the app. Everything is slower, things are
           | harder to find and it breaks in new, fun ways. Your
           | organization pays a couple hundred more per person for these
           | benefits. Their stock soars, people celebrate the release and
           | your management says they can't wait to see the improvement
           | in workflows now that they've been able to lay off a quarter
           | of your team.
           | 
           | Has there been improvements in LLMs over time? Somewhat, most
           | of it concentrated at the beginning (because they siphoned up
           | a bunch of data in a dubious manner). Now it's just part of
           | their sales cycle, to keep pumping up numbers while no one
           | sees any meaningful improvement.
        
         | anonzzzies wrote:
         | Not sure what you are using it for, but it is terrible for me
         | for coding; claude beats it always and hands down. o1 just
         | thinks forever to come up with stuff it already tried the
         | previous time.
         | 
         | People say that's just prompting without pointing to real
         | million line+ repositories or realistic apps to show how that
         | can be improved. So I say they are making todo and hello world
         | apps and yes, there it works really well. Claude still beats
         | it, every.. single.. time..
         | 
         | And yes, I use the Pro of all and yes, I do assume coding is
         | done for most of people. Become a plumber or electrician or
         | carpenter.
        
           | rubymamis wrote:
           | I find that o1 and Sonnet 3.5 are good and bad quite equally
           | on different things. That's why I keep asking both the same
           | coding questions.
        
             | anonzzzies wrote:
             | We do the same (all requests go to o1, sonnet and gemini
             | and we store the results for later to compare)
             | automatically for our research: Claude always wins. Even
             | with specific prompting on both platforms. Especially
             | frontend it seems o1 really is terrible.
        
               | ynniv wrote:
               | Claude is trained on principles. GPT is trained on
               | billions of edge cases. Which student do you prefer?
        
               | rubymamis wrote:
               | Every time I try Gemini, it's really subpar. I found that
               | qwen2.5-coder-32b-instruct can be better.
               | 
               | Also, for me 50% 50% for Sonnet and o1, but although I'm
               | not 100% sure about it, I think o1 is better with longer
               | and more complicated (C++) code and debugging. At least
               | from my brief testing. Also, OpenAI models seem to be
               | more verbose - sometimes it's better - where I'd like
               | additional explanation on chosen fields in a SQL schema,
               | sometimes it's too much.
               | 
               | EDIT: Just asked both o1 and Sonnet 3.5 the same QML
               | coding question, and Sonnet 3.5 succeeded, o1 failed.
        
               | oceanplexian wrote:
               | Very anecdotal but I've found that for things that are
               | well spec'd out with a good prompt Sonnet 3.5 is far
               | better. For problems where I might have introduced a
               | subtle logical error o1 seems to catch it extremely well.
               | So better reasoning might be occurring but reasoning is
               | only a small part of what we would consider intelligence.
        
               | CapcomGo wrote:
               | Wins? What does this mean? Do you have any results? I see
               | the claims that Claude is better for coding a lot but
               | using it and using Gemini 2.0 flash and o1 and it sure
               | doesn't seem like it.
        
               | energy123 wrote:
               | A new o1 was released on December 17th. Which one are you
               | talking about
        
               | tigershark wrote:
               | Exactly. The previous version of o1 did actually worse in
               | the coding benchmarks, so I would expect it to be worse
               | in real life scenarios. The new version released a few
               | days ago on the other hand is better in the benchmarks,
               | so it would seem strange that someone used it and is
               | saying that it's worse than Claude.
        
           | h_tbob wrote:
           | That so weird, it's seems like everybody here prefers Claude.
           | 
           | I've been using Claude and openai in copilot and I find even
           | 4o seems to understand the problem better. O1 definitely
           | seems to get it right more for me.
        
             | master_crab wrote:
             | Claude also has a better workflow UI. It'll maintain
             | conversation context while opening up new windows to
             | present code suggestions.
             | 
             | When I was still subscribing to OpenAI (about 4 months ago)
             | this didn't exist.
        
               | rrrrrrrrrrrryan wrote:
               | It exists as of last week with Canvas.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | If you're using the web interface of either, you might
               | consider looking into tools that focus on using LLMs for
               | code, so you're not copy/pasting.
        
             | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
             | They're both okay for coding, though for my use cases
             | (which are niche and involve quite a lot of mathematics and
             | formal logic) o1/o1-Pro is better. It seems to have a
             | better native grasp of mathematical concepts, and it can
             | even answer very difficult questions from vague inputs,
             | e.g.: https://chatgpt.com/share/676020cb-8574-8005-8b83-4be
             | d5b13e1...
        
             | orbital-decay wrote:
             | Different languages maybe? I find Sonnet v2 to be lacking
             | in Rust knowledge compared to 4o 11-20, but excelling at
             | Python and JS/TS. O1's strong side seems to be complex or
             | quirky puzzle-like coding problems that can be answered in
             | a short manner, it's meh at everything else, especially
             | considering the price. Which is understandable given its
             | purpose and training, but I have no use for it as that's
             | exactly the sort of problem I wouldn't trust an LLM to
             | solve.
             | 
             | Sonnet v2 in particular seems to be a bit broken with its
             | reasoning (?) feature. The one where it detects it might be
             | hallucinating (what's even the condition?) and reviews the
             | reply, reflecting on it. It can make it stop halfway into
             | the reply and decide it wrote enough, or invent some
             | ridiculous excuse to output a worse answer. Annoying,
             | although it doesn't trigger too often.
        
             | anonzzzies wrote:
             | I try to sprinkle 'for us/me' everywhere as much as I can;
             | we work on LoB/ERP apps mostly. These are small frontends
             | to massive multi million line backends. We carved a niche
             | by providing the frontends on these backends live at the
             | client office by a business consultant of ours: they simply
             | solve UX issues for the client on top of large ERP by using
             | our tool and prompting. Everything looks modern, fresh and
             | nice; unlike basically all the competitors in this space.
             | It's fast and no frontend people are needed for it; backend
             | is another system we built which takes a lot longer of
             | course as they are complex business rules. Both claude and
             | o1 turn up something that looks similar but only the claude
             | version will work and be, after less prompting, correct. I
             | don't have shares in either and I want open source to win;
             | we have all open (more open) solutions doing all the same
             | queries and we evaluate all but claude just wins. We did
             | manage even big wins with openai davinci in 2022 (or so;
             | before chatgpt), but this is a massive boost allowing us to
             | upgrade most people to business consultant and just have
             | them build with clients real time and have the tech guys
             | including me add _manually_ tests and proofs (where needed)
             | to know if we are actually fine. Works so much better than
             | the slog with clients before; people are so bad at
             | explaining at what they need, it was slowly driving me
             | insane after doing it for 30+ years.
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | > It's fast and no frontend people are needed for it
               | 
               | I guess if you don't need to maintain it, just an ever
               | growing blob of complexity that will be reinvented into
               | new blobs every time when the old one becomes too
               | immobile :)
        
               | a_wild_dandan wrote:
               | So...nothing will change?
        
             | mitemte wrote:
             | Claude web's context window is 200K tokens. I'd be
             | surprised if GitHub Copilot's context window exceeds 10K.
             | 
             | I've found using Claude via Copilot in VS Code produces
             | noticeably lower quality results than 3.5 Sonnet on web. In
             | my experience Claude web outdoes GPT-4o consistently.
        
         | 1123581321 wrote:
         | O1 is effective, but it's slow. I would expect a GPT-5 and mini
         | to work as quickly as the 4 models.
        
         | Xcelerate wrote:
         | I had a 30 min argument with o1-pro where it was convinced it
         | had solved the halting problem. Tried to gaslight me into
         | thinking I just didn't understand the subtlety of the argument.
         | But it's susceptible to appeal to authority and when I started
         | quoting snippets of textbooks and mathoverflow it finally
         | relented and claimed there had been a "misunderstanding". It
         | really does argue like a human though now...
        
           | radioactivist wrote:
           | I had a similar experience with regular o1 about integral
           | that was divergent. It was adamant that it wasn't and would
           | respond to any attempt at persuasion with variants of "its a
           | standard integral" with a "subtle cancellation". When I asked
           | for any source for this standard integral it produced
           | references to support its argument that existed but didn't
           | actually contain the integral. When I told it the references
           | didn't have the result and backpedalled (gaslighting!) to "I
           | never told you they were in there". When I pointed out that
           | in fact it did it insisted this was just a
           | "misunderstanding". It only relented when I told it
           | Mathematica agreed the integral was divergent. It still
           | insisted it never said that the books it pointed to contained
           | this (false, non-sensical) result.
           | 
           | This was new behaviour for me to see in an LLM. Usually the
           | problem is these things would just fold when you pushed back.
           | I don't know which is better, but being this confidently
           | wrong (and "lying" when confronted with it) is troubling.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | > but being this confidently wrong (and "lying" when
             | confronted with it) is troubling.
             | 
             | It works in politics, marketing, and self-promotion.
             | 
             | If you use the web as a training set, those categories
             | dominate.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | Maybe they also trained the model on Sam Altman. ;)
        
               | vixen99 wrote:
               | Please don't crack ones like that when I'm drinking my
               | coffee.
        
             | justatdotin wrote:
             | I've also had it invent non-existent references.
             | 
             | > being this confidently wrong (and "lying" when confronted
             | with it) is troubling.
             | 
             | I don't find it troubling. I like being reminded to
             | distrust and confirm everything it offers.
        
               | radioactivist wrote:
               | The troubling part is that the references themselves
               | existed -- one was an obscure Russian text that is
               | difficult to find (but is exactly where you'd expect to
               | find this kind of result, if it existed).
        
           | phillipharris wrote:
           | This sounds fun to read, can you share the transcript?
        
         | ldjkfkdsjnv wrote:
         | It basically solves all bugs/programming challenges i throw at
         | it, given i give it the right data
        
       | construct0 wrote:
       | The world is figuring out how to make this technology fit and
       | work and somehow this is "behind" schedule. It's almost comical.
        
         | diego_sandoval wrote:
         | Reminds me of this Louis CK joke:
         | 
         | I was on an airplane and there was high-speed Internet on the
         | airplane. That's the newest thing that I know exists. And I'm
         | sitting on the plane and they go, open up your laptop, you can
         | go on the Internet.
         | 
         | And it's fast, and I'm watching YouTube clips. It's amazing.
         | I'm on an airplane! And then it breaks down. And they
         | apologize, the Internet's not working. And the guy next to me
         | goes, 'This is bullshit.' I mean, how quickly does the world
         | owe him something that he knew existed only 10 seconds ago?"
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=me4BZBsHwZs
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | The investors need their returns now!
           | 
           | Soon, all the middle class jobs will be converted to profits
           | for the capital/data center owners, so they have to spend
           | while they can before the economy crashes due to lack of
           | spending.
        
           | omega3 wrote:
           | People who say ,,it's bullshit" are the ones that push the
           | technological advance forward.
        
             | from-nibly wrote:
             | Not invariably. Some of those people are the ones who want
             | to draw 7 red lines all perpendicular, some with green ink,
             | some with transparent and one that looks like a kitten.
        
               | ziml77 wrote:
               | For anyone who hasn't seen what this comment is
               | referencing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKorP55Aqvg
        
             | taneq wrote:
             | No, people who say "it's bullshit" _and then do something
             | to fix the bullshit_ are the ones that push technology
             | forward. Most people who say  "it's bullshit" instantly
             | when something isn't perfect for exactly what they want
             | right now are just whingers and will never contribute
             | anything except unconstructive criticism.
        
               | omega3 wrote:
               | Sounds like "yes but" rather than "no" otherwise you're
               | responding to self created straw man.
        
             | bobxmax wrote:
             | That's really not true.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | For a company that sees itself as the undisputed leader and
         | that wants to raise $7 trillion to build fabs, they deserve
         | some of the heaviest levels of scrutiny in the world.
         | 
         | If OpenAI's investment prospectus relies on them reaching AGI
         | before the tech becomes commoditized, everyone is going to look
         | for that weakness.
        
       | david-gpu wrote:
       | What I find odd is that o1 doesn't support attaching text
       | documents to chats the way 4o does. For a model that specializes
       | in reasoning, reading long documents seems like a natural feature
       | to have.
        
         | ionwake wrote:
         | If Sama ever reads this, I have no idea why no users seem to
         | focus on this, but it would be really good to prioritise being
         | able to select which model you can use with the custom myGPTs.
         | I know this maybe hard or not possible without recreating them
         | , but I still dont think it's possible.
         | 
         | I dont think most customers realise how much better the models
         | work with custom GPTs.
        
           | throwaway314155 wrote:
           | At this point I think it's safe to say they have given up on
           | custom GPTs.
        
             | emeg wrote:
             | What makes you say that?
        
               | throwaway314155 wrote:
               | They hyped them like crazy and haven't discussed them
               | once since then. I agree that the inability to change the
               | model is pretty absurd when the whole point was to
               | "supercharge" specific tasks.
               | 
               | There was even talk of some sort of profit sharing with
               | creators which clearly never happened. I just think the
               | premise is too confusing for many and can still be served
               | by using a custom system prompt via the API.
        
               | coffeebeqn wrote:
               | Was it hyped? I tried a few of them and they seemed
               | absolutely useless. Like I could install a "custom GPT"
               | that just appends something to my prompt? How great..
        
               | ionwake wrote:
               | No the whole Point is you make a gpt for yourself and
               | upload all your related documents to it and then query
               | that. It performs 10x better than a generic query without
               | attaching every single doc that could be relevant.
               | 
               | I am unsure if the answer is to use "projects" maybe this
               | has superseded myGpts?
               | 
               | I am perplexed why HN isn't focusing on this issue as all
               | the Llm gains I've ever had were wit highly customised
               | personal myGpts.
               | 
               | I can understand OpenAI and Sam's having access to their
               | own models may not even know what the best way to use the
               | released stuff is
               | 
               | Ps - typing on my phone hence typos
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | This is something being done but not for consumers right
               | now. On a more roll your own basis. I know a few people
               | whose companies have already established their own gpt
               | trained on their own internal codebase, standards,
               | documentation, and I'm sure relevant reference
               | information as well. Think big r and d companies in stem.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | You can use the new project feature for that. That's a way of
         | grouping conversations, adding files, etc. Should work with o1
         | pro as well apparently.
        
           | david-gpu wrote:
           | "When using custom instructions or files, only GPT-4o is
           | available". Straight out of the ChatGPT web interface when
           | you try to select which model you want to use.
        
       | PittleyDunkin wrote:
       | Everyone's comparing o1 and claude, but neither really work well
       | enough to justify paying for them in my experience for coding.
       | What I really want is a mode where they ask _clarifying
       | questions_ , ideally many of them, before spitting out an answer.
       | This would greatly improve utility of producing something with
       | more value than an auto-complete.
        
         | kelsey98765431 wrote:
         | have you tested that this helps? seems pretty simple to script
         | with an agent framework
        
           | throwaway314155 wrote:
           | Or just f-strings.
        
         | Vecr wrote:
         | I know multiple people that carefully prompt to get that done.
         | The model outputs in direct token order, and can't turn around,
         | so you need to make sure that's strictly followed. The system
         | can and will come up with post-hoc "reasoning".
        
         | qup wrote:
         | Have you used them to build a system to ask you clarifying
         | questions?
         | 
         | Or even instructed them to?
        
         | simondotau wrote:
         | Just today I got Claude to convert a company's PDF protocol
         | specification into an actual working python implementation of
         | that protocol. It would have been uncreative drudge work for a
         | human, but I would have absolutely paid a week of junior dev
         | time for it. Instead I wrote it alongside AI and it took me
         | barely more than an hour.
         | 
         | The best part is, I've never written any (substantial) python
         | code before.
        
           | weird_fox wrote:
           | I have to agree. It's still a bit hit or miss, but the hits
           | are a huge time and money saver especially in refactoring.
           | And unlike what most of the rather demeaning comments in
           | those HN threads state, I am not some 'grunt' doing
           | 'boilerplate work'. I mostly do geometry/math stuff, and the
           | AIs really do know what they're talking about there
           | sometimes. I don't have many peers I can talk to most of the
           | time, and Claude is really helping me gather my thoughts.
           | 
           | That being said, I definitely believe it's only useful for
           | isolated problems. Even with Copilot, I feel like the AIs
           | just lack a bigger context of the projects.
           | 
           | Another thing that helped me was designing an initial prompt
           | that really works for me. I think most people just expect to
           | throw in their issue and get a tailored solution, but that's
           | just not how it works in my experience.
        
           | OutOfHere wrote:
           | It would seem you don't care too much about verifying its
           | output or about its correctness. If you did, it wouldn't take
           | you just an hour. I guess you'll let correctness be someone
           | else's problem.
        
             | djeastm wrote:
             | I don't know the OP here, but in my experience a junior dev
             | at an average company would likely not do much more than
             | the AI would. These aren't your grandfather's engineers,
             | after all.
        
               | simondotau wrote:
               | A junior dev wouldn't have produced output of such
               | consistency, and they wouldn't have annotated their code
               | nearly as well. The majority of code was better than I'd
               | expect from a junior, and the comments were better than
               | I'd expect from the majority of people at _every skill
               | level._
        
             | simondotau wrote:
             | Your wild assumptions and snarky accusations are
             | unnecessary. The library is for me to use; there isn't a
             | "someone else" for me to pass problems onto. I then did
             | what I usually do -- start writing real code with it ASAP,
             | because real code is how you find real problems.
             | 
             | I developed the library interactively, one API call at a
             | time, in a manner akin to pair programming. Code quality
             | was significantly better than I'd expect from $2000 worth
             | of a GOOD mid-tier programmer -- the code was well written,
             | well organised, and comprehensively annotated. The code
             | wasn't perfect, but a majority of faults had a basis in the
             | underlying documentation being wrong or ambiguous.
             | 
             | The $20/month for Cursor Pro literally justified its cost
             | in less than 10 minutes.
        
               | shadowerm wrote:
               | I think many here think they are Claude Shannon himself
               | so using something like Claude is just below such a
               | genius.
        
           | mitemte wrote:
           | Similar experience here. These tools are so good for side
           | stepping the one or two day grinds.
        
             | simondotau wrote:
             | For me, it's allowing me to do things I wouldn't have even
             | attempted before. I'm writing in languages I've never
             | written in before (python) and dealing with stuff I've
             | never dealt with before (multicast UDP). This isn't
             | complicated stuff by any stretch, but AI means I can be
             | highly productive in python without needing to spend any
             | time learning python.
        
         | coreyh14444 wrote:
         | Just tell it to do that and it will. Whenever I ask an AI for
         | something and I'm pretty sure it doesn't have all the context I
         | literally just say "ask me clarifying questions until you have
         | enough information to do a great job on this."
        
           | aimanbenbaha wrote:
           | And this chain of prompts cumulated with the improved CoT
           | reasoner would accrue a lot more enhanced results. More in
           | line with what the coming agentic era promises.
        
         | vintermann wrote:
         | Yes. You can only do so much with the information you get in.
         | The ability to _ask good questions_ , not just of itself in
         | internal monologue style, but actually of the user, would
         | fundamentally make it better since it can get more information
         | in.
         | 
         | As it is now, it has a bad habit of, if it can't answer the
         | question you asked, instead answering a similar-looking
         | question which it thinks you may have meant. That is of course
         | a great strategy for benchmarks, where you don't earn any
         | points for saying you don't know. But it's extremely
         | frustrating for real users, who didn't read their question from
         | a test suite.
        
         | guytv wrote:
         | The alternative to "ask me clarifying question" is to use
         | Claude's Projects. Upload all your projects' source code there,
         | and ask Claude to do your programming task. OpenAI have
         | recently also added this feature to their offering.
        
       | LorenDB wrote:
       | Meta question: @dang, can we ban MSN links and instead link
       | directly to the original source?
        
       | ericskiff wrote:
       | What we can reasonably assume from statements made by insiders:
       | 
       | They want a 10x improvement from scaling and a 10x improvement
       | from data and algorithmic changes
       | 
       | The sources of public data are essentially tapped
       | 
       | Algorithmic changes will be an unknown to us until they release,
       | but from published research this remains a steady source of
       | improvement
       | 
       | Scaling seems to stall if data is limited
       | 
       | So with all of that taken together, the logical step is to figure
       | out how to turn compute into better data to train on. Enter
       | strawberry / o1, and now o3
       | 
       | They can throw money, time, and compute at thinking about and
       | then generating better training data. If the belief is that N
       | billion new tokens of high quality training data will unlock the
       | leap in capabilities they're looking for, then it makes sense to
       | delay the training until that dataset is ready
       | 
       | With o3 now public knowledge, imagine how long it's been churning
       | out new thinking at expert level across every field. OpenAI's
       | next moat may be the best synthetic training set ever.
       | 
       | At this point I would guess we get 4.5 with a subset of this -
       | some scale improvement, the algorithmic pickups since 4 was
       | trained, and a cleaned and improved core data set but without
       | risking leakage of the superior dataset
       | 
       | When 5 launches, we get to see what a fully scaled version looks
       | like with training data that outstrips average humans in almost
       | every problem space
       | 
       | Then the next o-model gets to start with that as a base and
       | reason? Its likely to be remarkable
        
         | jsheard wrote:
         | > With o3 now public knowledge, imagine how long it's been
         | churning out new thinking at expert level across every field.
         | OpenAI's next moat may be the best synthetic training set ever.
         | 
         | Even taking OpenAI and the benchmark authors at their word they
         | said that it is consuming at least tens of dollars per task to
         | hit peak performance, how much would it cost to have it produce
         | a meaningfully large training set?
        
           | qup wrote:
           | That's the public API price isn't it?
        
             | jsheard wrote:
             | There is no public API for o3 yet, those are the numbers
             | they revealed in the ARC-AGI announcement. Even if they
             | were public API prices we can't assume they're making a
             | profit on those for as long as they're billions in the red
             | overall every year, its entirely possible that the public
             | API prices are _less_ than what OpenAI is actually paying.
        
         | Stevvo wrote:
         | "With o3 now public knowledge, imagine how long it's been
         | churning out new thinking at expert level across every field."
         | 
         | I highly doubt that. o3 is many orders of magnitude more
         | expensive than paying subject matter experts to create new
         | data. It just doesn't make sense to pay six figures in compute
         | to get o3 to make data a human could make for a few hundred
         | dollars.
        
           | dartos wrote:
           | That's an interesting idea. What if OpenAI funded medical
           | research initiatives in exchange for exclusive training
           | rights on the research.
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | It would be orders of magnitude cheaper to outsource to
             | humans.
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | Not as sexy to investors though
        
             | aswegs8 wrote:
             | Wait didn't they just recently request researchers to pair
             | up with them in exchange for the data?
        
           | DougN7 wrote:
           | Someone needs to dress up Mechanical Turk and repackage it as
           | an AI company.....
        
             | jitl wrote:
             | That's basically every AI company that existed before GPT3
        
           | bookaway wrote:
           | Yes, I think they had to push this reveal forward because
           | their investors were getting antsy with the lack of visible
           | progress to justify continuing rising valuations. There is no
           | other reason a confident company making continuous rapid
           | progress would feel the need to reveal a product that 99% of
           | companies worldwide couldn't use at the time of the reveal.
           | 
           | That being said, if OpenAI is burning cash at lightspeed and
           | doesn't have to publicly reveal the revenue they receive from
           | certain government entities, it wouldn't come as a surprise
           | if they let the government play with it early on in exchange
           | for some much needed cash to set on fire.
           | 
           | EDIT: The fact that multiple sites seem to be publishing
           | GPT-5 stories similar to this one leads one to conclude that
           | the o3 benchmark story was meant to counter the negativity
           | from this and other similar articles that are just coming
           | out.
        
           | tshadley wrote:
           | Seems to me o3 prices would be what the consumer pays, not
           | what OpenAI pays. That would mean o3 could be more efficient
           | in-house than paying subject-matter experts.
        
             | lalalali wrote:
             | What is open ai margin on that product?
        
             | mrbungie wrote:
             | For every consumer there will be a period where they need
             | both the SME and the o3 model for initial calibration and
             | eventual handoff for actually getting those efficiencies in
             | whichever processes they want to automate.
             | 
             | In other words if you are diligent enough, you should at
             | least validate your o3 solution with an actual expert for
             | some time. You wouldn't just blindly trust OpenAI your
             | business critical processes, would you? I would expect at
             | least 3 month - 6 months for large corps and even more
             | considering change management, re-upskilling, etc.
             | 
             | With all those considerations I really don't see the value
             | prop at those prices and in those situations right now.
             | Maybe if costs decrease ~1-3 orders of magnitude more for
             | o3-low, depending on the the processes being automated.
        
           | mrshadowgoose wrote:
           | Can SMEs deliver that data in a meaningful amount of time?
           | Training data now is worth significantly more than data a
           | year from now.
        
           | rtsil wrote:
           | Unless the quality of the human data are extraordinary, it
           | seems according to the TFA that it's not that easy:
           | 
           | > The process is painfully slow. GPT-4 was trained on an
           | estimated 13 trillion tokens. A thousand people writing 5,000
           | words a day would take months to produce a billion tokens.
           | 
           | And if the human-generated data was so qualitatively good
           | that it is smaller by three order of magnitudes, than I can
           | assume it would be at least as expensive as o3.
        
           | GolfPopper wrote:
           | > _churning out new thinking at expert level across every
           | field_
           | 
           | I suspect this is really, "churning out text that impresses
           | management".
        
           | az226 wrote:
           | Only a matter of time. The costs are aggressively going down.
           | And with specialized inference hardware it will go further
           | down.
           | 
           | Cost of coordination is also large. Immediate answers are an
           | advantage/selling point.
        
         | dartos wrote:
         | I'm curious how, if at all, the plan to get around compounding
         | bias in synthetic data generated by models trained in synthetic
         | data.
        
           | ynniv wrote:
           | Everyone's obsessed with new training tokens... It doesn't
           | need to be more knowledgeable, it just needs to practice
           | more. Ask any student: practice is synthetic data.
        
             | dartos wrote:
             | That leads to overfitting in ML land, which hurts overall
             | performance.
             | 
             | We know that unique data improves performance.
             | 
             | These LLM systems are not students...
             | 
             | Also, which students graduate and are immediately experts
             | in their fields? Almost none.
             | 
             | It takes years of practice in unique, often one-off,
             | situations after graduation for most people to develop the
             | intuition needed for a given field.
        
               | ynniv wrote:
               | It's overfitting when you train too large a model on too
               | many details. Rote memorization isn't rewarding.
               | 
               | The more concepts the model manages to grok, the more
               | nonlinear its capabilities will be: we don't have a data
               | problem, we have an educational one.
               | 
               | Claude 3.5 was safety trained by Claude 3.0, and it's
               | more coherent for it.
               | https://www.anthropic.com/news/claudes-constitution
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | Overfitting can be caused by a lot of different things.
               | Having an over abundance of one kind of data in a
               | training set is one of those causes.
               | 
               | It's why many pre-processing steps for image training
               | pipelines will add copies of images at weird rotations,
               | amounts of blur, and different cropping.
               | 
               | > The more concepts the model manages to grok, the more
               | nonlinear its capabilities will be
               | 
               | These kind of hand wavey statements like "practice,"
               | "grok," and "nonlinear its capabilities will be" are not
               | very constructive as they don't have solid meaning wrt
               | language models.
               | 
               | So earlier when I was referring to compounding bias in
               | synthetic data I was referring to a bias that gets
               | trained on over and over and over again.
               | 
               | That leads to overfitting.
        
               | ynniv wrote:
               | _These kind of hand wavey statements like "practice,"
               | "grok," and "nonlinear its capabilities will be" are not
               | very constructive as they don't have solid meaning wrt
               | language models._
               | 
               | So, here's my hypothesis, as someone who is adjacent ML
               | but haven't trained DNNs directly:
               | 
               | We don't understand how they work, because we didn't
               | build them. They built themselves.
               | 
               | At face value this can be seen as an almost spiritual
               | position, but I am not a religious person and I don't
               | think there's any magic involved. Unlike traditional
               | models, the behavior of DNNs is based on random changes
               | that failed up. We can reason about their structure, but
               | only loosely about their functionality. When they get
               | better at drawing, it isn't because we taught them to
               | draw. When they get better at reasoning, it isn't because
               | the engineers were better philosophers. Given this, there
               | will not be a direct correlation between inputs and
               | capabilities, but some arrangements do work better than
               | others.
               | 
               | If this is the case, high order capabilities should
               | continue to increase with training cycles, as long as
               | they are performed in ways that don't interfere with what
               | has been successfully learned. People lamented the loss
               | of capability that GPT 4 suffered as they increased
               | safety. I think Anthropic has avoided this by choosing a
               | less damaging way to tune a well performing model.
               | 
               | I think these ideas are supported by Wolfram's reduction
               | of the problem at
               | https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2024/08/whats-really-
               | goi...
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | Your whole argument falls apart at
               | 
               | > We don't understand how they work, because we didn't
               | build them. They built themselves.
               | 
               | We do understand how they work, we did build them. The
               | mathematical foundation of these models are sound. The
               | statistics behind them are well understood.
               | 
               | What we don't exactly know is which parameters correspond
               | to what results as it's different across models.
               | 
               | We work backwards to see which parts of the network seem
               | to relate to what outcomes.
               | 
               | > When they get better at drawing, it isn't because we
               | taught them to draw. When they get better at reasoning,
               | it isn't because the engineers were better philosophers.
               | 
               | Isn't this the exact opposite of reality?
               | 
               | They get better at drawing because we improve their
               | datasets, topologies, and their training methods and in
               | doing so, teach them to draw.
               | 
               | They get better at reasoning because the engineers and
               | data scientists building training sets do get better at
               | philosophy.
               | 
               | They study what reasoning is and apply those learnings to
               | the datasets and training methods.
               | 
               | That's how CoT came about early on.
        
               | ynniv wrote:
               | Please, read the Wolfram blog
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | I gave it a fair skim, but I didn't really feel like it
               | refuted what I said.
               | 
               | Is there a specific section that comes to mind?
        
               | ynniv wrote:
               | Other than we don't tell it how to get the right answer,
               | or understand how it eventually computes correct answers?
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | I don't really think you're understanding my argument...
        
               | comp_throw7 wrote:
               | > We do understand how they work, we did build them. The
               | mathematical foundation of these models are sound. The
               | statistics behind them are well understood.
               | 
               | We don't understand how they work in the sense that we
               | can't extract the algorithms they're using to accomplish
               | the interesting/valuable "intellectual" labor they're
               | doing. i.e. we cannot take GPT-4 and write human-legible
               | code that faithfully represents the "heavy lifting" GPT-4
               | does when it writes code (or pick any other task you
               | might ask it to do).
               | 
               | That inability makes it difficult to reliably predict
               | when they'll fail, how to improve them in specific ways,
               | etc.
               | 
               | The only way in which we "understand" them is that we
               | understand the training process which created them (and
               | even that's limited to reproducible open-source models),
               | which is about as accurate as saying that we "understand"
               | human cognition because we know about evolution. In
               | reality, we understand very little about human cognition,
               | certainly not enough to reliably reproduce it in silico
               | or intervene on it without a bunch of very expensive (and
               | failure-prone) trial-and-error.
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | > We don't understand how they work in the sense that we
               | can't extract the algorithms they're using to accomplish
               | the interesting/valuable "intellectual" labor they're
               | doing. i.e. we cannot take GPT-4 and write human-legible
               | code that faithfully represents the "heavy lifting" GPT-4
               | does when it writes code (or pick any other task you
               | might ask it to do).
               | 
               | I think English is being a little clumsy here. At least
               | I'm finding it hard to express what we do and don't know.
               | 
               | We know why these models work. We know precisely how,
               | physically, they come to their conclusions (it's just
               | processor instructions as with all software)
               | 
               | We don't know precisely how to describe what they do in a
               | formalized general way.
               | 
               | That is still very different from say an organic brain,
               | where we barely even know how it works, physically.
               | 
               | My opinions:
               | 
               | I don't think they are doing much mental "labor." My
               | intuition likens them to search.
               | 
               | They seem to excel at retrieving information encoded in
               | their weights through training and in the context.
               | 
               | They are not good at generalizing.
               | 
               | They also, obviously, are able to accurately predict
               | tokens such that the resulting text is very readable.
               | 
               | Larger models have a larger pool of information and that
               | information is in a higher resolution, so to speak, since
               | the larger better preforming models have more parameters.
               | 
               | I think much of this talk of "consciousness" or "AGI" is
               | very much a product of human imagination, personification
               | bias, and marketing.
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | >We know why these models work. We know precisely how,
               | physically, they come to their conclusions (it's just
               | processor instructions as with all software)
               | 
               | I don't know why you would classify this as knowing much
               | of anything. Processor instructions ? Really?
               | 
               | If the average user is given unfettered access to the
               | entire source code of his/her favorite app, does he
               | suddenly understand it ? That seems like a ridiculous
               | assertion.
               | 
               | In reality, it's even worse. We can't pinpoint what
               | weights, how and in what ways and instances are
               | contributing exactly to basic things like whether a word
               | should be preceded by 'the' or 'a' and it only gets more
               | intractable as models get bigger and bigger.
               | 
               | Sure, you could probably say we understand these NNs
               | better than brains but it's not by much at all.
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | > If the average user is given unfettered access to the
               | entire source code of his/her favorite app, does he
               | suddenly understand it ? That seems like a ridiculous
               | assertion.
               | 
               | And one that I didn't make.
               | 
               | I don't think when we say "we understand" we're talking
               | about your average Joe.
               | 
               | I mean "we" as in all of human knowledge.
               | 
               | > We can't pinpoint what weights, how and in what ways
               | and instances are contributing exactly to basic things
               | like whether a word should be preceded by 'the' or 'a'
               | and it only gets more intractable as models get bigger
               | and bigger.
               | 
               | There is research coming out on this subject. I read a
               | paper recently about how llama's weights seemed to be
               | grouped by concept like "president" or "actors."
               | 
               | But just the fact that we know that information encoded
               | in weights affects outcomes and we know the underlying
               | mechanisms involved in the creation of those weights and
               | the execution of the model shows that we know much more
               | about how they work than an organic brain.
               | 
               | The whole organic brain thing is kind of a tangent
               | anyway.
               | 
               | My point is that it's not correct to say that we don't
               | know how these systems work. We do. It's not voodoo.
               | 
               | We just don't have a high level understanding of the form
               | in which information is encoded in the weights of any
               | given model.
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | > If the average user is given unfettered access to the
               | entire source code of his/her favorite app, does he
               | suddenly understand it ? That seems like a ridiculous
               | assertion. And one that I didn't make. I don't think when
               | we say "we understand" we're talking about your average
               | Joe. I mean "we" as in all of human knowledge.
               | 
               | It's an analogy. In understanding weights, even the best
               | researchers are basically like the untrained average joe
               | with source code.
               | 
               | >There is research coming out on this subject. I read a
               | paper recently about how llama's weights seemed to be
               | grouped by concept like "president" or "actors."
               | 
               | >But just the fact that we know that information encoded
               | in weights affects outcomes and we know the underlying
               | mechanisms involved in the creation of those weights and
               | the execution of the model shows that we know much more
               | about how they work than an organic brain.
               | 
               | I guess i just don't see how "information is encoded in
               | the weights" is some great understanding ? It's as vague
               | and un-actionable as you can get.
               | 
               | For training, the whole revolution of back-propagation
               | and NNs in general is that we found a way to reinforce
               | the right connections without knowing anything about how
               | to form them or even what they actually are.
               | 
               | We no longer needed to understand how eyes detect objects
               | to build an object detecting model. None of that
               | knowledge suddenly poofed into our heads. Back-
               | propagation is basically "reinforce whatever layers are
               | closer to the right answer". Extremely powerful but
               | useless for understanding.
               | 
               | Knowing the Transformer architecture unfortunately tells
               | you very little about what a trained model is actually
               | learning during training and what it has actually learnt.
               | 
               | "Information is encoded in a brain's neurons and this
               | affects our actions". Literally nothing useful you can do
               | with this information. That's why models need to be
               | trained to fix even little issues.
               | 
               | If you want to say we understand models better than the
               | brain then sure but you are severely overestimating how
               | much that "better" is.
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | > It's as vague and un-actionable as you can get.
               | 
               | But it isn't. Knowing that information is encoded in the
               | weights gives us a route to deduce what a given model is
               | doing.
               | 
               | And we are. Research is being done there.
               | 
               | > "Information is encoded in a brain's neurons and this
               | affects our actions". Literally nothing useful you can do
               | with this.
               | 
               | Different entirely. We don't even know how to
               | conceptualize how data is stored in the brain at all.
               | 
               | With a machine, we know everything. The data is stored in
               | a binary format which represents a decimal number.
               | 
               | We also know what information should be present.
               | 
               | We can and are using this knowledge to reverse engineer
               | what a given model is doing.
               | 
               | That is not something we can do with a brain because we
               | don't know how a brain works. The best we can do is see
               | that there's more blood flow in one area during certain
               | tasks.
               | 
               | With these statistical models, we can carve out entire
               | chunks of their weights and see what happens
               | (interestingly not much. Apparently most weights don't
               | contribute significantly towards any token and can be
               | ignored with little performance loss)
               | 
               | We can do that with these transformers models because we
               | do know how they work.
               | 
               | Just because we don't understand every aspect of every
               | single model doesn't mean we don't know how they work.
               | 
               | I think we're starting to run in circles and maybe
               | splitting hairs over what "know how something works"
               | means.
               | 
               | I don't think we're going to get much more constructive
               | than this.
               | 
               | I highly recommend looking into LoRas. We can make Loras
               | because we know how these models work.
               | 
               | We can't do that for organic brains.
        
               | mistercheph wrote:
               | The thing that you are handwaving away as just "which
               | parameters correspond to what results" is precisely the
               | important, the inexorable thing which defines the
               | phenomena, and it is exactly the thing which we don't
               | have access to, and which we did not and _could not_
               | design, plan or engineer, but which emerged
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | > which we did not and could not design, plan or
               | engineer, but which emerged
               | 
               | We literally designed, planned, and engineered the
               | environment and mechanisms which created those weights.
               | 
               | It's just code. We can train models by hand too, it'd
               | just take a lot longer.
               | 
               | It's literally something we made, just from a higher
               | order place.
               | 
               | To understand which exact weights correspond to what
               | output will vary from model to model. There is research
               | going into this subject for llama.
               | 
               | it's not like we're in the dark as to the principles that
               | allow LLMs to make predictions.
               | 
               | My whole point is that to say "we don't know how AI
               | works" is just not true
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | And who will tell the model whether its practice results
             | are correct or not? Students practice against external
             | evaluators, it's not a self-contained system.
        
           | nialv7 wrote:
           | synthetic data is fine if you can ground the model somehow.
           | that's why the o1/o3's improvements are mostly in reasoning,
           | maths, etc., because you can easily tell if the data is wrong
           | or not.
        
             | dartos wrote:
             | That makes a lot of sense.
             | 
             | Binary success criteria has very little room for bias.
        
         | noman-land wrote:
         | I completely don't understand the use for synthetic data. What
         | good it's it to train a model basically on itself?
        
           | psb217 wrote:
           | The value of synthetic data relies on having non-zero signal
           | about which generated data is "better" or "worse". In a
           | sense, this what reinforcement learning is about. Ie,
           | generate some data, have that data scored by some evaluator,
           | and then feed the data back into the model with higher weight
           | on the better stuff and lower weight on the worse stuff.
           | 
           | The basic loop is: (i) generate synthetic data, (ii) rate
           | synthetic data, (iii) update model to put more probability on
           | better data and less probability on worse data, then go back
           | to (i).
        
             | noman-land wrote:
             | Thanks, that makes a lot more sense.
        
             | RedNifre wrote:
             | But who rates the synthetic data? If it is humans, I can
             | understand that this is another way to get human knowledge
             | into it, but if it's rated by AI, isn't it just a
             | convoluted way of copying the rating AI's knowledge?
        
               | ijustlovemath wrote:
               | This is the bit I've never understood about training AI
               | on its own output; won't you just regress to the mean?
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | It's not trained on its own output. You can generate
               | infinite correctly worked out math traces and train on
               | those.
        
               | recursivecaveat wrote:
               | Many things are more easily scored than produced. Like
               | it's trivial to tell whether a poem rhymes, but writing
               | one is a comparatively slow and difficult task. So
               | hopefully since scoring is easier/more-discerning than
               | generating, the idea is you can generate stuff, classify
               | it as good or bad, and then retrain on the good stuff.
               | It's kindof an article of faith for a lot of AI
               | companies/professionals as well, since it prevents you
               | from having to face a data wall, and is analogous to a
               | human student practicing and learning in an appealing
               | way.
               | 
               | As far as I know it doesn't work very well so far. It is
               | prone to overfitting, where it ranks highly some trivial
               | detail of the output eg "if a summary starts with a
               | byline of the author its a sign of quality" and then
               | starts looping on itself over and over, increasing the
               | frequency and size of bylines until it's totally crommed
               | off to infinity and just repeating a short phrase
               | endlessly. Humans have good baselines and common sense
               | that these ML systems lack, if you've ever seen one of
               | those "deep dream" images it's the same kind of idea. The
               | "most possible dog" image can be looks almost nothing
               | like a dog in the same way that the "most possible poem"
               | may look nothing like a poem.
        
           | viraptor wrote:
           | This is a good read for some examples
           | https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.14465
           | 
           | > This technique, the "Self-Taught Reasoner" (STaR), relies
           | on a simple loop: generate rationales to answer many
           | questions, prompted with a few rationale examples; if the
           | generated answers are wrong, try again to generate a
           | rationale given the correct answer; fine-tune on all the
           | rationales that ultimately yielded correct answers; repeat.
           | We show that STaR significantly improves performance on
           | multiple datasets compared to a model fine-tuned to directly
           | predict final answers
           | 
           | But there are a few others. In general good data is good
           | data. We're definitely learning more about how to produce
           | good synthetic version.
        
             | im3w1l wrote:
             | One issue with that is that the model may learn to smuggle
             | data. You as a human think that the plain reading of the
             | words is what is doing the reasoning, but (part of) the
             | processing is done by the exact comma placement and synonym
             | choice etc.
             | 
             | Data smuggling is a known phenomenon in similar tasks.
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | I don't think data smuggling is relevant in star style
               | scenarios. You're still validating the final output. If
               | it works on test data, what could be even smuggled.
        
           | Majromax wrote:
           | > What good it's it to train a model basically on itself?
           | 
           | If the model generates data of variable quality, and if
           | there's a good way to distinguish good data from bad data,
           | then training on self-generated data might "bootstrap" a
           | model to better performance.
           | 
           | This is common in reinforcement learning. Famously, AlphaGo
           | Zero (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaGo_Zero) learned
           | exclusively on self-play, without reference to human-played
           | games.
           | 
           | Of course, games have a built-in critic: the better strategy
           | usually wins. It's much harder to judge the answer to a math
           | problem, or decide which essay is more persuasive, or
           | evaluate restaurant recommendations.
        
           | dyauspitr wrote:
           | If we get to a point where we have a model that when fed a
           | real world stream of data (YouTube, surveillance cameras,
           | forum data, cell phone conversations etc.) and can prune out
           | a good training set for itself then you're at the point where
           | the LLM is in a feedback loop where it can improve itself.
           | That's AGI for all intents and purposes.
        
         | nialv7 wrote:
         | > OpenAI's next moat
         | 
         | I don't think oai has any moat at all. If you look around, QwQ
         | from Alibaba is already pushing o1-preview performances. I
         | think oai is only ahead by 3~6 months at most.
        
           | vasco wrote:
           | If their AGI dreams would come true it might be more than
           | enough to have 3 months head start. They probably won't, but
           | it's interesting to ponder what the next few hours, days,
           | weeks would be for someone that would wield AGI.
           | 
           | Like let's say you have a few datacenters of compute at your
           | disposal and the ability to instantiate millions of AGI
           | agents - what do you have them do?
           | 
           | I wonder if the USA already has a secret program for this
           | under national defense. But it is interesting that once you
           | do control an actual AGI you'd want to speed-run a bunch of
           | things. In opposition to that, how do you detect an adversary
           | already has / is using it and what to do in that case.
        
             | kevingadd wrote:
             | How many important problems are there where a 3 month head
             | start on the data side is enough to win permanently and
             | retain your advantage in the long run?
             | 
             | I'm struggling to think of a scenario where "I have AGI in
             | January and everyone else has it in April" is life-
             | changing. It's a win, for sure, and it's an advantage, but
             | success in business requires sustainable growth and
             | manageable costs.
             | 
             | If (random example) the bargain OpenAI strikes is "we spend
             | every cent of our available capital to get AGI 3 months
             | before the other guys do" they've now tapped all the
             | resources they would need to leverage AGI and turn it into
             | profitable, scalable businesses, while the other guys can
             | take it slow and arrive with full pockets. I don't think
             | their leadership is stupid enough to burn all their
             | resources chasing AGI but it does seem like operating and
             | training costs are an ongoing problem for them.
             | 
             | History is littered with first-movers who came up with
             | something first and then failed to execute on it, only for
             | someone else to follow up and actually turn the idea into a
             | success. I don't see any reason to assume that the "first
             | AGI" is going to be the only successful AGI on the market,
             | or even a success at all. Even if you've developed an AGI
             | that can change the world you need to keep it running so it
             | can do that.
             | 
             | Consider it this way: Sam Altman & his ilk have been
             | talking up how dangerous OpenAI's technology is. Are risk-
             | averse businessmen and politicians going to be lining up to
             | put their livelihood or even their lives in the hands of
             | "dangerous technology"? Or are they going to wait 3-6
             | months and adopt the "safe" AGI from somebody else instead?
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | Well that's the thought exercise. Is there something you
               | can do with almost unlimited "brains" of roughly human
               | capability but much faster, within a few days / weeks /
               | months. Lets say you can instantiate 1 million agents,
               | for 3 months, and each of them is roughly 100x faster
               | than a human, that means you have the equivalent of 100
               | million human-brain-hours to dump into whatever you want,
               | as long as your plans don't require building too many
               | real world things that actually require moving atoms
               | around, I think you could do some interesting things. You
               | could potentially dump a few million hours into "better
               | than AGI AI" to start off for example, then go to other
               | things. If they are good enough you might be able to find
               | enough zero-days to disable any adversary through
               | software, among other interesting things.
        
               | kevingadd wrote:
               | Where does "almost unlimited" come into the picture
               | though? I see people talking like AGI will be unlimited
               | when it will be limited by available compute resources,
               | and like I suggested, being 'first' might come at the
               | cost of the war chest you'd need to access those
               | resources.
               | 
               | What does it take to instantiate 1 million agents? Who
               | has that kind of money and hardware? Would they still
               | have it if they burn everything in the tank to be first?
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | > Where does "almost unlimited" come into the picture
               | though
               | 
               | >> Like let's say you have a few datacenters of compute
               | at your disposal and the ability to instantiate millions
               | of AGI agents - what do you have them do?
               | 
               | > has that kind of money and hardware?
               | 
               | Any hyperscaler plus most geopolitical main players. So
               | the ones who matter.
        
               | pertymcpert wrote:
               | Once you have AGI you use it to collect resources to
               | cripple competitors and to build a snowball effect to
               | make yourself unbeatable. 3 months of AGI is enough in
               | the right hands to dominate the world economically.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | Only if the AGI is cheaper than a human, in the case the
               | AGI is more expensive than a human there wont be any
               | snowballing. And the most likely case is that the first
               | AGI is more expensive to run than a human, a few months
               | of having overly expensive human level AI bots wont
               | disrupt the world at all.
        
           | acyou wrote:
           | That is why being #2 in technical product development can be
           | great. Someone else pays to work out the kinks, copy what
           | works and improve on it at a fraction of the cost. You see it
           | time and time again.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | There is an enormous "iceberg" of untapped non-public data
         | locked behind paywalls or licensing agreements. The next
         | frontier will be spending money and human effort to get access
         | to that data, then transform it into something useful for
         | training.
        
           | mistercheph wrote:
           | ah yes the beautiful iceberg of internal documentation, legal
           | paperwork, and meeting notes.
           | 
           | the highest quality language data that exists is in the
           | public domain
        
         | sdwr wrote:
         | Great improvements and all, but they are still no closer (as of
         | 4o regular) to having a system that can be responsible for
         | work. In math problems, it forgets which variable represents
         | what, in coding questions it invents library fns.
         | 
         | I was watching a YouTube interview with a "trading floor
         | insider". They said they were really being paid for holding
         | risk. The bank has a position in a market, and it's their ass
         | on the line if it tanks.
         | 
         | ChatGPT (as far as I can tell) is no closer to being
         | accountable or responsible for anything it produces. If they
         | don't solve that (and the problem is probably inherent to the
         | architecture), they are, in some sense, polishing a turd.
        
           | tucnak wrote:
           | > ChatGPT (as far as I can tell) is no closer to being
           | accountable or responsible for anything it produces.
           | 
           | What does it even mean? How do you imagine that? You want
           | OpenAI to take on liability for the kicks of it?
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | If an LLM can't be left to do mowing by itself, but a human
             | will have to closely monitor and intervene at every its
             | steps, then it's just a super fast predictive keyboard, no?
        
               | dyauspitr wrote:
               | But what if the human only has to intervene once every
               | 100 hours, that's a huge productivity boost.
        
               | cjblomqvist wrote:
               | The point is you don't know when of those 100 hours that
               | is, so you still need to monitor the full 100 hour time
               | span.
               | 
               | Can still be a boost. But definitely not the same
               | magnitude.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | And one might also wonder still if we need a general
               | language model to mow the grass or just a simpler
               | solution towards to problem of driving a mower over a
               | fixed property line automatically. Something you could
               | probably solve with wwii era technology, honestly.
        
             | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
             | They would want to, if they thought they could, because
             | doing so would unblock a ton of valuable use cases. A tax
             | preparation or financial advisor AI would do huge numbers
             | for any company able to promise that its advice can be
             | trusted.
        
             | dmkolobov wrote:
             | Obviously not. I want legislation which imposes liability
             | on OpenAI and similar companies if they actively market
             | their products for use in safety-critical fields and their
             | product doesn't perform as advertised.
             | 
             | If a system is providing incorrect medical diagnoses, or
             | denying services to protected classes due to biases in the
             | training in the training data, someone should be held
             | accountable.
        
             | sdwr wrote:
             | Personal responsibility, not legal liability. In the way a
             | child can be responsible for a pet.
             | 
             | Chatgpt was trained on benchmarks and user opinions -
             | "throwing **** at the wall to see what sticks".
             | 
             | Responsibility means penalties for making mistakes, and,
             | more importantly, having an awareness of those penalties
             | (that informs its decision-making).
        
           | nightowl_games wrote:
           | > They said they were really being paid for holding risk.
           | 
           | I think that's a really interesting insight that has
           | application to using 'AI' in jobs across the board.
        
           | zifpanachr23 wrote:
           | This is underdiscussed. I don't think people understand just
           | how worthless AI is in a ton of fields until it is able to be
           | held liable and be sent to prison.
           | 
           | There are a lot of moral conundrums that are just not going
           | to work out with this. Seems like an attempt to just offload
           | liability and it seems like pretty much everybody has caught
           | onto that as being it's main selling point and probably main
           | thing that will keep it from ever being accepted for anything
           | important.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/L7fOF
        
       | h_tbob wrote:
       | It seems google has a massive advantage here since they can tap
       | all of YouTube to train. I wonder what openai is using for its
       | video data source.
        
         | onemoresoop wrote:
         | Train for what? For making videos? Train from people's
         | comments? There's a lot of garbage on AI slop on youtube, how
         | would this be sifted out? I think there's more value here on HN
         | in terms of training, but even that, to what avail?
        
           | a1j9o94 wrote:
           | YouTube is such a great multimodal dataset--videos, auto-
           | generated captions, and real engagement data all in one
           | place. That's a strong starting point for training, even
           | before you filter for quality. Microsoft's Phi-series models
           | already show how focusing on smaller, high-quality datasets,
           | like textbooks, can produce great results. You could totally
           | imagine doing the same thing with YouTube by filtering for
           | high-quality educational videos.
           | 
           | Down the line, I think models will start using video
           | generation as part of how they "think." Picture a version of
           | GPT that works frame by frame--ask it to solve a geometry
           | problem, and it generates a sequence of images to visualize
           | the solution before responding. YouTube's massive library of
           | visual content could make something like that possible.
        
           | h_tbob wrote:
           | From what I read openai is having trouble bc not enough data.
           | 
           | If u think about it, any videos on YouTube of real world data
           | contribute to its understanding of physics at minimum. From
           | what I gather they do pre training on tons of unstructured
           | content first and that contributes to overall smartness.
        
         | kevingadd wrote:
         | Considering how evasive they've been, it might also be YouTube.
         | 
         | > When pressed on what data OpenAI used to train Sora, Murati
         | didn't get too specific and seemed to dodge the question. "I'm
         | not going to go into the details of the data that was used, but
         | it was publicly available or licensed data," she says. Murati
         | also says she isn't sure whether it used videos from YouTube,
         | Facebook, and Instagram. She only confirmed to the Journal that
         | Sora uses content from Shutterstock, with which OpenAI has a
         | partnership.
         | 
         | https://www.theverge.com/2024/3/13/24099402/openai-text-to-v...
        
       | oytis wrote:
       | Good that we already have AGI in o3.
        
         | croes wrote:
         | No, we haven't.
        
         | TechDebtDevin wrote:
         | How so
        
       | Wowfunhappy wrote:
       | Archive.is does not work for this article, does anyone have a
       | workaround?
        
         | randcraw wrote:
         | Right. "You have been blocked", is what I get.
         | 
         | But this works: https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/the-next-
         | great-leap-in...
        
         | cokml19 wrote:
         | this one does https://archive.md/L7fOF (it is just the previous
         | snapshot)
        
       | captainbland wrote:
       | In my intuition it makes sense that there is going to be some
       | significant friction in LLM development going forward. We're
       | talking about models that will cost upwards of $1bn to train.
       | Save for a technological breakthrough, GPT-6/7 will probably have
       | to wait for hardware to catch up.
        
         | rrrrrrrrrrrryan wrote:
         | I think the main bottleneck right now is training data -
         | they've basically exhausted all public sources of data, so they
         | have to either pay humans to generate new data from scratch or
         | pay for the reasoning models to generate (less useful)
         | synthetic training data. The next bottleneck is hardware, and
         | the least important bottleneck is money.
        
         | energy123 wrote:
         | It's more that you have to allocate the compute the right way.
         | 
         | Noam Brown's analogy is, you could train a massive one shot
         | foundation model to predict the next best Go move, but that
         | would be stupid. Better to use some test time search. You get
         | better results for less money.
         | 
         | Same is happening in LLMs.
        
       | vrighter wrote:
       | probably because it isn't any better
        
       | OutOfHere wrote:
       | How about just an updated gpt 4o with all newer data? It would go
       | a long way. Currently it doesn't know anything since Oct 2023
       | (without having to do a web search).
        
         | croes wrote:
         | Hard to filter out all the AI generated texts.
        
       | simonw wrote:
       | "OpenAI's is called GPT-4, the fourth LLM the company has
       | developed since its 2015 founding." - that sentence doesn't fill
       | me with confidence in the quality of the rest of the article,
       | sadly.
        
         | 404mm wrote:
         | Quite funny that an article about AI was not fed to AI to proof
         | read it.
        
           | ToucanLoucan wrote:
           | Bold of you to assume AI didn't write it, too.
        
           | viraptor wrote:
           | Editing mistakes that AI wouldn't make is the new "proof of
           | human input".
        
             | KTibow wrote:
             | I've been messing around with base (not instruction tuned)
             | LLMs; they often evade AI detectors and I wouldn't be
             | surprised if they evade this kind of detection too, at
             | least with a high temperature
        
               | staunton wrote:
               | > with a high temperature
               | 
               | More like: with the right prompting
        
         | jacobsimon wrote:
         | There's nothing grammatically offensive about this. It's like
         | saying, "Cars come in all colors. Mine is red."
        
           | simonw wrote:
           | No, I'm complaining that just because GPT-4 is called GPT-4
           | doesn't mean it's the fourth LLM from OpenAI.
           | 
           | Off the top of my head: GPT-2, Codex, GPT-3 in three
           | different flavors (babbage, curie, davinci), GPT-3.5.
           | 
           | Suggesting that GPT-4 was "fourth" simply isn't credible.
           | 
           | Just the other day they announced a jump from o1 to o3,
           | skipping o2 purely because it's already the name of a major
           | telecommunications brand in Europe. Deriving anything from
           | the names of OpenAI's products doesn't make sense.
        
             | benatkin wrote:
             | While I'm sure it's unintentional, that amounts to
             | nitpicking. I can easily find three to include and pass
             | over the rest. Face value turns out to be a decent
             | approximation.
        
               | simonw wrote:
               | If this was a random blog post I wouldn't nitpick, but
               | this is the Wall Street Journal.
        
               | benatkin wrote:
               | The thing is that I think it could be an optimal way of
               | saying it. Should we not put it into context of making a
               | particular LLM? Why count three versions of three LLMs?
               | They made it hard to choose the one that makes up for not
               | having GPT 1. GPT 3.5 and Codex are both good candidates.
               | And of course calling GPT 4 the third and fifth could be
               | considered as well.
        
               | simonw wrote:
               | "OpenAI's fourth family of LLMs" or "fourth generation of
               | LLMs" would work for me.
        
               | benatkin wrote:
               | That doesn't resolve the problem of whether third or
               | fifth is better than fourth. I have yet to be convinced
               | that their wording here shows that they fail to grasp the
               | pace of the development.
        
             | vasco wrote:
             | Imagine coming up with a naming scheme for the versioning
             | of your product just for it to fail on the second time you
             | want to use it.
        
               | zapnuk wrote:
               | Should have used chatGPT to ask for a name or at least
               | check it
        
             | xanderlewis wrote:
             | It's somehow funny to hear a British company being
             | described as 'in Europe', but I suppose you're technically
             | correct...
        
               | simonw wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O2_(brand) - "O2 (typeset
               | as O2) is a global brand name owned by the Spanish
               | telecommunications company Telefonica"
        
               | xanderlewis wrote:
               | It's a British brand, even if it's now owned by someone
               | else. It even says so on the page you link to.
        
               | plufz wrote:
               | Technically...? Does anyone here believe that the EU and
               | Europe is the same thing? Would you find it weird if
               | someone said that a Norwegian company was in Europe?
        
               | xanderlewis wrote:
               | Many people certainly seem to! And it annoys me. I wasn't
               | talking about the EU, though.
               | 
               | I was just commenting on the fact that in the UK,
               | 'Europe' generally means 'continental Europe'.
               | 
               | > Would you find it weird if someone said that a
               | Norwegian company was in Europe?
               | 
               | I'd find it weird if a European did. But from Americans
               | it's to be expected.
        
               | RandomThoughts3 wrote:
               | > I'd find it weird if a European did.
               | 
               | I have bad news. The UK is definitely in Europe both
               | geographically and even more so historically and
               | culturally. Norway is too by the way.
               | 
               | If you are offended by people referring to the UK as in
               | Europe, my suggestion is both an history course and
               | starting therapy.
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | No no no you missed it, clearly Americans are just
               | stupid.
        
               | Philpax wrote:
               | I'd suggest you level up your reading comprehension
               | before suggesting the parent poster was in any way
               | offended or in need of therapy.
        
               | RandomThoughts3 wrote:
               | Parent is suggesting it would be weird for Europeans to
               | call the UK as in Europe which as a European I can tell
               | you is preposterous. That's the kind of non sense you
               | used to hear from Brexiter. They will have no sympathy
               | from me.
        
               | User23 wrote:
               | If Norway isn't in Europe where is it? Asia?
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Well, Europe is a subcontinent of Asia. A bit like India
               | or Arabia.
        
               | thrwthsnw wrote:
               | Which Americans, North or South?
        
               | boomskats wrote:
               | > I was just commenting on the fact that in the UK,
               | 'Europe' generally means 'continental Europe'.
               | 
               | It really depends on who you're speaking to.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | And on the context
        
               | maeil wrote:
               | > Would you find it weird if someone said that a
               | Norwegian company was in Europe?
               | 
               | > I'd find it weird if a European did. But from Americans
               | it's to be expected.
               | 
               | Absolutely nothing weird about it, I'd find it very weird
               | if they wouldn't. I'm from Europe and my social circle
               | has people from all over Europe.
               | 
               | It's really just the UK which has this weird usage of
               | Europe.
        
               | SahAssar wrote:
               | The UK is part of Europe. It's technically,
               | geographically, politically, historically, lingustially,
               | tectonically and socially correct. In what ways is it
               | not?
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | Are Cuba or Haiti part of North America? A lot of British
               | people feel like their civilization is meaningfully
               | distinct from "Europe", even though they're part of it in
               | a technical geographical sense.
        
               | SahAssar wrote:
               | > Are Cuba or Haiti part of North America
               | 
               | In general yes, but it depends on if you consider central
               | america as its own continent and if you include them
               | there and how you delineate north/south america.
               | Groupings differ based on your education.
               | 
               | I think the thing that makes the UK different is that
               | there is no other option besides them being a separate
               | thing/continent. Are you suggesting that the UK is it's
               | own continent? Would that be with the faroese and the
               | Greenlanders?
               | 
               | The UK might feel different, but they are not separate.
               | The french feel different from the bulgarians, but that
               | does not mean they are on a separate continent,
               | politically or geographically.
               | 
               | EDIT:
               | 
               | > A lot of British people feel like their civilization is
               | meaningfully distinct
               | 
               | This is, to borrow a word, "balderdash". Looking at the
               | influence vikings, romans and normans have had that is a
               | rubbish argument. Just like other countries in europe the
               | british culture is built on the stones of other cultures,
               | and just like many other countries they subsumed other
               | cultures because of kings or other political dominance.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | Continents are not objective reality, they are semi-
               | arbitrary groupings vaguely correlated with geography,
               | culture, etc.
               | 
               | If British people don't feel like they're part of "the
               | Continent", there's little objective reason to say they
               | are.
        
               | SahAssar wrote:
               | But I'm guessing we can agree that any major landmass is
               | generally belonging to a continent? Like we all agree
               | that greenland, new zealand, japan, etc generally belong
               | to a continent?
               | 
               | So to what continent do those british people think they
               | belong?
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | If you asked someone directly "what continent is Britain
               | part of", they would surely say Europe, even if they
               | would be unlikely to describe themselves as European.
               | Language is funny that way.
        
               | SahAssar wrote:
               | So you agree (and think that most people would) that the
               | UK is part of Europe?
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | I would agree that in some, but not all, of the contexts
               | where the word "Europe" is used, it includes the UK.
        
               | wsintra2022 wrote:
               | British people don't think anything, there are British
               | individuals who may think but collectively the "British"
               | do not have a thought.
        
               | SahAssar wrote:
               | I specifically asked what "those british people" think in
               | response to a post saying "If British people don't feel
               | like they're part of "the Continent"".
               | 
               | I was clearly asking what _those_ specific british people
               | think.
        
               | mkl wrote:
               | New Zealand is not part of a continent (unless you
               | consider Zealandia [1] one, which few do). It's a bunch
               | of islands in the middle of the sea, far from other land.
               | It is part of named regions which sometimes substitute
               | for continents when people want to divide up the world
               | for some purpose like sports or economics, including
               | Oceania and Australasia.
               | 
               | Great Britain (the island) is very close to mainland
               | Europe, and was directly part of it a few thousand years
               | ago. The situation is totally different.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia
        
               | SahAssar wrote:
               | > when people want to divide up the world
               | 
               | That's pretty much the definition of continent, right?
               | The term continent is not scientifically based unless you
               | want to argue that there are 16-ish continents and that
               | South Georgia is it's own continent (and even
               | tectonically its arbitrary since what we consider to be
               | major, minor, micro are arbitrary).
        
               | reshlo wrote:
               | > Would that be with the Faroese and the Greenlanders?
               | 
               | Greenland is in North America.
        
               | SahAssar wrote:
               | The point was that any closeby landmass besides europe is
               | either in europe or in north america, and I have a hard
               | time seeing the argument for UK being in North America or
               | America at all.
               | 
               | France would have a better argument for it having
               | territory in both north
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon
               | and others) and south
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Guiana and others)
               | america.
        
               | reshlo wrote:
               | Yes, I agree. Especially about Saint Pierre and
               | Miquelon.[0]
               | 
               | [0]
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41758856#41785534
        
               | blinding-streak wrote:
               | Europe != EU
        
               | maeil wrote:
               | The only people who find this funny are the British
               | themselves, the other 99% of the world thinks nothing
               | strange of it.
        
               | lobochrome wrote:
               | Well - it's Spanish now no? Telefonica bought them.
        
             | bluelightning2k wrote:
             | There's at least 4 major releases just in GPT4.
             | 
             | GPT4, GPT4T, Gpt4o-Mini, GPT4o,
        
               | maeil wrote:
               | If we're generous the article considers versions that
               | were significant improvements. 4o is hardly better on
               | real-world usage (benchmarks are gamed to death) than the
               | original 4.
        
               | efilife wrote:
               | There _are_ releases. Releases is plural
        
           | lelandfe wrote:
           | It's more like saying "the Audi Quattro, the company's fourth
           | car..."
        
             | benatkin wrote:
             | Because there's an Audi Tre e Mezzo?
        
           | dghlsakjg wrote:
           | The issue isn't the grammar. It is that there are 5 distinct
           | LLMs from OpenAI that you can use right now as well as 4
           | others that were deprecated in 2024.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | Articles these days are probably written by ChatGPT
        
           | MichaelDickens wrote:
           | I doubt it, if you ask ChatGPT whether GPT-4 is OpenAI's
           | fourth LLM, it gives the correct answer. That's the sort of
           | thing GPT-2 might have said.
        
             | Grimblewald wrote:
             | Well, here's the interesting part - gpt2 has been writing
             | news since well before gpt3 was launched. Remember when
             | "news" started getting weirdly reptative? When just about
             | any product had a review avaliable? When the amount of slop
             | content just _exploded_? Thats when the ai colonization of
             | the internet began.
        
         | maxrmk wrote:
         | I was wondering about this one too...
         | 
         | > At best, they say, Orion performs better than OpenAI's
         | current offerings, but hasn't advanced enough to justify the
         | enormous cost of keeping the new model running.
         | 
         | wdym "keep it running"?
        
           | overgard wrote:
           | Well, those server farms don't pay for themselves.
        
             | maxrmk wrote:
             | sure, but once it's trained there isn't a running
             | maintenance cost
        
               | bhouston wrote:
               | Well if it takes a ton of memory/compute for inference
               | because of its size, it may be cost prohibitive to run
               | compared to the ROI it generates?
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | If you offer an API you need to dedicate servers to it
               | that keep the model loaded in GPU memory. Unless you
               | don't care about latency at all.
               | 
               | Though I wouldn't be surprised if the bigger reason is
               | the PR cost of releasing with an exciting name but
               | unexciting results. The press would immediately declare
               | the end of the AI growth curve
        
               | wavemode wrote:
               | Of course running inference costs money. You think GPUs
               | are free?
        
               | overgard wrote:
               | There definitely is, storage, machines at the ready, data
               | centers, etc. Also OpenAI basically loses money every
               | time you interact with ChatGPT
               | https://www.wheresyoured.at/subprimeai/
        
         | overgard wrote:
         | The article definitely has issues, but to me what's relevant is
         | where it's published. The smart money and experts without a
         | vested interest have been well aware LLMs are an expensive dead
         | for over a year and have been saying as much (Gary Marcus for
         | instance). That this is starting to enter mainstream
         | consciousness is what's newsworthy.
        
           | icpmacdo wrote:
           | Gary Marcus is continuously lambasted and not taken seriously
        
             | overgard wrote:
             | By whom? He seems highly credible to me, and his
             | credentials check out, especially compared to hype men like
             | Sam Altman. All youre doing is spreading FUD by an unnamed
             | "they"
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | Gary Marcus is just an anti-AI crank to balance out the pro-
           | AI cranks. He's not credible.
        
         | Narretz wrote:
         | > Several months later, Google launched the most viral new AI
         | application of the year, called NotebookLM
         | 
         | When I read this I was honestly confused. I had never heard of
         | NotebookLM before.
        
         | Rodmine wrote:
         | Also, it was not a company when it was founded in 2015. It was
         | in 2019 when they decided to change the non-profit org to a
         | for-profit company.
        
       | selimnairb wrote:
       | I'm not smart enough or interesting enough to be hired by OpenAI
       | to expertly solve problems and explain how to the AI. However, I
       | like to think there isn't enough money in the world for me to
       | sell out my colleagues like that.
        
       | bwhiting2356 wrote:
       | I want AI to help me in the physical world: folding my laundry,
       | cooking and farming healthy food, cleaning toilets. Training data
       | is not lying around on the internet for free, but it's also not
       | impossible. How much data do you need? A dozen warehouses full of
       | robots folding and unfolding laundry 24/7 for a few months?
        
         | bobxmax wrote:
         | We are close. Language models and large vision models have
         | transformed robotics. It just takes some time to get hardware
         | up and running.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | I think it would be many decades before I'd trust a robot
           | like that around small children or pets. Robots with that
           | kind of movement capability, as well as the ability it pick
           | up and move things around, will be heavy enough that a small
           | mistake could easily kill a small child or pet.
        
             | viraptor wrote:
             | That's a solved problem for small devices. And we
             | effectively have "robots" like that all over the place.
             | Sliding doors in shops/trains/elevators have been around
             | for ages and they include sensors for resistance. Unless
             | there's 1. extreme cost cutting, or 2. bug in the hardware,
             | devices like that wouldn't kill children these days.
        
               | nickjj wrote:
               | > Sliding doors in shops/trains/elevators have been
               | around for ages and they include sensors for resistance
               | 
               | Some of these are pretty crazy too.
               | 
               | Here's a video from 14 years ago where a table saw stops
               | fast enough that it didn't scratch a hotdog:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fq3o0VGUh50
               | 
               | So even if this hypothetical robot had saws for hands it
               | could be mostly safe (in theory).
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | Even for adults, a robot that would likely have to be close
             | to as massive as a human being, in order to do laundry and
             | the like, would spook me out, moving freely through my
             | place.
        
               | foxglacier wrote:
               | You'd learn to trust it. People have pet dogs that could
               | kill them if they wanted. As can other humans walking
               | around your house.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | People also have essentially wild beasts in their home:
               | cats. If cats were the size of small dogs they would kill
               | people all the time, but we love them when they are small
               | enough so they just claw you bloody.
               | 
               | Since we can live with that we can live with anything
               | that doesn't outright murder us.
        
           | leonheld wrote:
           | > have transformed robotics
           | 
           | Did they? Where? Seriously, I genuinely want to know who is
           | employing these techniques.
        
             | bobxmax wrote:
             | All frontier labs are now employing LVMs or LLMs. But
             | that's my point is you won't see the fruits of it this
             | early.
        
               | achierius wrote:
               | That's the point being made. It's transformed robotics
               | research, yes, but it both remains to see whether it will
               | have a truly transformative effect on the field as
               | experienced by people outside academia (I think this is
               | quite probable) and more pointedly _when_.
        
               | stuartjohnson12 wrote:
               | I think this is an opinion borne out of weariness with
               | constant promises that amazing robots are right around
               | the corner (as they have been for 20 odd years now). For
               | anyone who is close to the front line, I think the
               | resounding consensus is clear - this time is different,
               | unbelievably different, and capability development is
               | going to accelerate dramatically.
        
               | bobxmax wrote:
               | I think it's impossible to spend a lot of time with these
               | models without believing robotics is fundamentally about
               | to transform. Even the most sophisticated versions of
               | robotic logic pre-LLM/VLM feel utterly trivial compared
               | to what even rudimentary applications of these large
               | models can accomplish.
        
               | lucianbr wrote:
               | > have transformed robotics
               | 
               | When questioned:
               | 
               | > believing robotics is fundamentally about to transform
               | 
               | These are not even remotely the same thing. Something
               | that has happened already and is verifiable fact is not
               | the same thing as your opinion, even if your opinion is
               | based on a lot of sound arguments and reasoning.
               | 
               | Very tiresome to read so many claims of fact based on
               | opinion of what will happen in the future.
        
               | bobxmax wrote:
               | The discussion was about whether robotics was about to
               | transform or not. And obviously it is because of how much
               | basic robotics workloads improve with these models.
               | 
               | Really not that hard.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | https://www.figure.ai/
             | 
             | specifically their speech demo video (which is, of course,
             | a demo video)
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/Sq1QZB5baNw
             | 
             | https://www.1x.tech/neo and
             | 
             | https://www.unitree.com/h1/
             | 
             | are undoubtedly using such models.
             | 
             | It's an area of active research, eg
             | 
             | https://www.physicalintelligence.company/blog/pi0
             | 
             | https://wholebody-b1.github.io/
             | 
             | https://ok-robot.github.io/
             | 
             | https://mobile-aloha.github.io/
        
         | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
         | Laundry folding is an instructive example. Machines have been
         | capable of home-scale laundry folding for over a decade, with
         | two companies Foldimate and Laundroid building functional
         | prototypes. The challenge is making it cost-competitive in a
         | world where most people don't even purchase a $10 folding
         | board.
         | 
         | I would guess that most cooking and cleaning tasks are in
         | basically the same space. You don't need fine motor control to
         | clean a toilet bowl, but you've gotta figure out how to get
         | people to buy the well-proven premisting technology before
         | you'll be able to sell them a toilet-cleaning robot.
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | Counterexample: Everyone uses dishwashers. Yet I don't think
           | we'll have a robot doing the dishes human-style, or even just
           | filling up and clearing out a dishwasher, within the next
           | decade or two, regardless of price.
        
             | kevingadd wrote:
             | Part of the tradeoff there is efficiency. I like my
             | dishwasher because it's as good at getting things clean as
             | I am but it does it using less water and less soap, and at
             | scale, it takes less time too. It's just a great use case
             | for machine automation because you can do clever stuff w/a
             | dishwasher that's hard to replicate outside of that closed
             | environment.
             | 
             | I struggle to imagine a scenario where a 1-2 person
             | household would get the same benefits from something like a
             | laundry-folding robot. I hate folding my laundry and I
             | still can't imagine buying one since I simply don't do
             | laundry that often. If I really wanted to spend less time
             | doing laundry, I could spend the cost of that laundrybot on
             | a larger collection of clothing to wear, for that matter.
             | 
             | Robot vacuums are a good comparison point since vacuuming
             | is something you (ideally) do frequently that is time and
             | labor intensive. I do own one of those, and if it got
             | better at dealing with obstacles thanks to "AI" I would
             | definitely like that.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | I think it would have to be a general-purpose robot, and
               | doing the laundry would just be one of many things it can
               | do, similar to how running a particular program is only
               | one of many things a computer can do. More than that, I
               | believe it would actually require a general-purpose robot
               | to handle all contingencies that can arise in doing
               | laundry.
               | 
               | As someone who does laundry about twice a week, it would
               | certainly be nice. But it's a pie in the sky at this time
               | even just on the technological side.
        
           | devit wrote:
           | I think the problem of those is that they are special
           | purpose, and probably too expensive and bulky for that single
           | purpose.
           | 
           | A single general-purpose robot that can do everything would
           | be much easier to sell.
        
             | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
             | There's plenty of machines which are expensive, bulky,
             | single purpose and yet commercially successful. The
             | _average_ American household has a kitchen range,
             | refrigerator, dishwasher, laundry machine, dryer,
             | television, furnace, and air conditioner. Automatic coffee
             | machines and automatic vacuums are less universal but still
             | have household penetration in the millions. I really think
             | the household tasks with no widely available automation are
             | simply the ones that nobody cares enough about doing to pay
             | for automation.
             | 
             | A robot servant that does literally 100% of chores would be
             | a game changer, and I expect we'll get there at some point,
             | but it will probably have to be a one-shot from a consumer
             | perspective. A clever research idea to reach 25% or 50%
             | coverage still isn't going to lead to a commercially viable
             | product.
        
           | bwhiting2356 wrote:
           | Interesting - I would think the neighborhood laundromat
           | offering wash/fold service could invest in a laundry folding
           | robot.
        
         | myroon5 wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XY_problem?
         | 
         | Many non-AI products already reduce chore time:
         | 
         | * Washer-Dryer Combos
         | 
         | * Soylent/Huel bars
         | 
         | * Self-cleaning toilets / automatic toilet bowl cleaners
         | 
         | * Robotic vacuums / mowers / pool/litter cleaners
         | 
         | * Pet/plant feeders
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _" Orion's problems signaled to some at OpenAI that the more-is-
       | more strategy, which had driven much of its earlier success, was
       | running out of steam."_
       | 
       | So LLMs finally hit the wall. For a long time, more data, bigger
       | models, and more compute to drive them worked. But that's
       | apparently not enough any more.
       | 
       | Now someone has to have a new idea. There's plenty of money
       | available if someone has one.
       | 
       | The current level of LLM would be far more useful if someone
       | could get a conservative confidence metric out of the internals
       | of the model. This technology desperately needs to output "Don't
       | know" or "Not sure about this, but ..." when appropriate.
        
         | synapsomorphy wrote:
         | The new idea is already here and it's reasoning / chain of
         | thought.
         | 
         | Anecdotally Claude is pretty good at knowing the bounds of its
         | knowledge.
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | Anecdotally Claude is just as bad as every other LLM.
           | 
           | Step into more niche areas e.g. I am trying to use it with
           | Scala macros and at least 90% of the time it is giving code
           | that either (a) fails to compile or (b) is just complete
           | gibberish.
           | 
           | And at no point _ever_ has it said it didn 't know something.
        
             | mrbungie wrote:
             | Yep, get into any sufficiently deep niche (i.e. actually
             | almost any non-trivial app) and the LLM magic fades off.
             | 
             | Yeah sure you can make a pong clone in html/js and that's
             | mainly because there the internet is full of pong clone
             | demos. Ask how to constraint a statsmodels lineal model in
             | some non-standard way? It will gaslight how it is possible
             | and make you loss time in the process.
        
               | IAmGraydon wrote:
               | Making a pong clone by telling the LLM to make a pong
               | clone is a cute trick that sometimes works, but that's
               | not the way anyone who understands how to properly use
               | these tools is using them. You don't describe and app and
               | hope the LLM builds it correctly. You have to know how to
               | architect an application and you use the LLM to build
               | small pieces of code. For example, you tell it to build a
               | function that does x, takes the inputs a, b, and c and
               | returns z.
               | 
               | LLMs don't turn non-coders into coders. It gives actual
               | coders superpowers.
        
               | mrbungie wrote:
               | No true scottsman fallacy. I know how to use them, but
               | using them "correctly" still produces many errors.
               | 
               | They suck at non-trivial code outside of standard library
               | usage and boilerplate coding: I gave an example and
               | parent did as well. In that regard would at least change
               | your phrase from "actual coders" to "actual senior
               | coders", as any junior receiving bad advice (in eternal
               | loops as LLMs normally like to do it) is only going to
               | make them waste time and tokens.
        
               | IAmGraydon wrote:
               | My point is that while you do have to give them coding
               | problems that would have appeared in their training set
               | (I guess you could call that trivial), every coding
               | problem becomes trivial when you break it down to it's
               | constituent parts. As you know, the biggest applications
               | are just a lot of very simple building blocks working
               | together. The point of using LLMs to code is not to solve
               | complex problems. It's just to write code you could have
               | written yourself at the speed of light using a natural
               | language interface.
               | 
               | The way you described using LLMs to code seems like the
               | approach someone who doesn't know how to build software
               | might take, which is why I used the wording I did. From
               | that angle, I agree with you - I can't even get Sonnet to
               | create a working prototype of a basic game from a prompt.
               | That said, I'm using it to build a far more complex
               | enterprise web app step by step by using it in the way I
               | mentioned above. It does work for these things, but you
               | have to already know how to do what the LLM is doing.
        
               | mrbungie wrote:
               | I mentioned the pong example because that is what non-
               | coders LLM users show and what the industry is proposing
               | as the future of software development: no coding
               | experience necessary.
               | 
               | > It does work for these things, but you have to already
               | know how to do what the LLM is doing.
               | 
               | Yes, we totally agree. But even then, using models
               | "correctly" in my experience and breaking down the
               | problems for them gets you so far, once you start using
               | weird/niche APIs (probably even your own APIs when your
               | project gets big enough and you are not working with much
               | boilerplate anymore) the LLM will start getting single
               | concepts wrong.
               | 
               | And don't get me wrong, I understand those as limitations
               | of a tech that still is immensely useful in the correct
               | hands. My only issue with that is how these products are
               | actually being marketed: as junior devs copilots or even
               | replacements.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | As a coder with some noncoder friends who have made some
               | very impressive things with chatGPT, you're selling it
               | short.
               | 
               | It does both. It gives coders superpowers, and gives
               | noncoders the ability to do things that would have
               | previously taken them months, or another person.
        
               | IAmGraydon wrote:
               | Do you mind sharing what they've created with it?
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | They created a touchscreen GUI in tkinter with more-than-
               | trivial behavior to use as a frontend for input for a
               | device they created. They were able to describe what they
               | wanted, and in less than two hours have it working. This
               | is someone with _no_ software experience.
               | 
               | Three years ago, if I had been asked to create something
               | like that, it would have taken me more than two hours,
               | just because I've never used tkinter and would have to
               | spend time reading the docs and figuring out how to make
               | the different input boxes and laying them out properly.
               | 
               | I looked at the code, and no, it's not great. It's not
               | designed "well" and isn't very extensible. But it works
               | for him, doesn't need to be extended, and all in half a
               | morning.
        
           | svaha1728 wrote:
           | Not even close. I'm a programmer but also a guitarist. I love
           | asking it to tab out songs for me or asking it how many bars
           | are in the intro of a song. It convincingly gives an answer
           | that is always way off the mark.
        
         | whoisthemachine wrote:
         | Unfortunately, the best they can do is "This is my confidence
         | on what someone would say given the prior context".
        
           | sooheon wrote:
           | What someone from the past would have said.
        
         | briga wrote:
         | What wall? Not a week has gone by in recent years without an
         | LLM breaking new benchmarks. There is little evidence to
         | suggest it will all come to a halt in 2025.
        
           | jrm4 wrote:
           | Sure, but "benchmarks" here seems roughly as useful as
           | "benchmarks" for GPUs or CPUs, which don't much translate to
           | what the makers of GPT need, which is 'money making use
           | cases.'
        
           | peepeepoopoo98 wrote:
           | O3 has demonstrated that OpenAI needs 1,000,000% more
           | inference time compute to score 50% higher on benchmarks. If
           | O3-High costs about $350k an hour to operate, that would mean
           | making O4 score 50% higher would cost _$3.5B_ (!!!) an hour.
           | _That_ scaling wall.
        
             | Kuinox wrote:
             | Wait a few month and they will have a distilled model with
             | the same performance and 1% of the run cost.
        
               | peepeepoopoo98 wrote:
               | 100X efficiency improvement (doubtful) still means that
               | costs grow 200X faster than benchmark performance.
        
               | achierius wrote:
               | Even assuming that past rates of inference cost scaling
               | hold up, we would only expect a 2 OoM decrease after
               | about a year or so. And 1% of 3.5b is still a very large
               | number.
        
             | norir wrote:
             | I used to run a lot of monte carlo simulations where the
             | error is proportional to the inverse square root. There was
             | a huge advantage of running for an hour vs a few minutes,
             | but you hit the diminishing returns depressingly quickly.
             | It would not surprise me at all if llms end up having
             | similar scaling properties.
        
               | riku_iki wrote:
               | And I suspect o3 is something like monte carlo: generates
               | tons of CoTs, with most of them are junk, but some hit
               | the answer.
        
               | exhaze wrote:
               | Sounds plausible given I've recently observed a ton of
               | research papers in the space that in some way or another
               | incorporate MCTS
        
               | LegionMammal978 wrote:
               | Yeah, any situation you need O( _n_ ^2) runtime to obtain
               | _n_ bits of output (or bits of accuracy, in the Monre
               | Carlo case) is pure pain. At every point, it 's still
               | within your means to double the amount of output (by
               | running it 3x longer than you have so far), but it
               | gradually becomes more and more painful, instead of there
               | being a single point where you can call it off.
        
             | oceanplexian wrote:
             | I'm convinced they're getting good at gaming the benchmarks
             | since 4 has deteriorated via ChatGPT, in fact I've used
             | 4-0125 and 4-1106 via the API and find them far superior to
             | o1 and o1-mini at coding problems. GPT4 is an amazing tool
             | but the true capabilities are being hidden from the public
             | and/or intentionally neutered.
        
               | CSMastermind wrote:
               | > I've used 4-0125 and 4-1106 via the API and find them
               | far superior to o1 and o1-mini at coding problems
               | 
               | Just chiming in to say you're not alone. This has been my
               | experience as well. The o# line of models just don't do
               | well at coding, regardless of what the benchmarks say.
        
               | didibus wrote:
               | All the benchmarks provide substantial scaffolding and
               | specification details, and that's if they are zero-shot
               | at all, which they often are not. In reality, nobody
               | wants to spend as much time providing so much details or
               | examples just to get the AI to write the correct
               | function, when that same time and effort you'd have used
               | to write it yourself.
               | 
               | Also, those benchmarks often run the model K times on the
               | same question, and if any one of them is correct, they
               | say it passed. That could mean if you re-ran the model 8
               | times, it might come up with the right answer only once.
               | But now you have to waste your time checking if it is
               | right or not.
               | 
               | I want to ask: "Write a function to count unique numbers
               | in a list" and get the correct answer the first time.
               | 
               | What you need to ask:
               | 
               | """ Write a Python function that takes a list of integers
               | as input and returns the count of numbers that appear
               | exactly once in the list.
               | 
               | The function should: - Accept a single parameter: a list
               | of integers - Count elements that appear exactly once -
               | Return an integer representing the count - Handle empty
               | lists and return 0 - Handle lists with duplicates
               | correctly
               | 
               | Please provide a complete implementation. """
               | 
               | And run it 8 times and if you're lucky it'll get it
               | correct zero-shot.
               | 
               | Edit: I'm not even aware of a Pass@1, zero-shot, and
               | without detailed prompting (natural prompting) benchmark.
               | If anyone knows one let me know.
        
             | og_kalu wrote:
             | Not really. o3-low compute still stomps the benchmarks and
             | isn't anywhere that expensive and o3-mini seems better than
             | o1 while being cheaper.
             | 
             | Combine that with the fact that LLM inference has reduced
             | orders of magnitudes in cost the last few years and
             | hampering over the inference costs of a new release seems a
             | bit silly.
        
               | riku_iki wrote:
               | If you are talking about ARC benchmark, then o3-low
               | doesn't look that special if you take into account there
               | are plenty of finetuned models with much smaller
               | resources achieved 40-50% results on private set (not
               | semi-private like o3-low).
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | - I'm not just talking about ARC. On frontier Math, we
               | have 2 scores, one with pass@1 and another with consensus
               | vote with 64 samples. Both scores are much better than
               | previous Sota.
               | 
               | - Also apparently, ARC wasn't a special fine-tune but
               | rather some of the training set in the corpus for pre-
               | training.
        
               | riku_iki wrote:
               | > On frontier Math
               | 
               | that result is not verifiable, not reproducable, unknown
               | if it was leaked and how it was measured. Its kinda hype
               | science.
               | 
               | > ARC wasn't a special fine-tune but rather some of the
               | training set in the corpus for pre-training.
               | 
               | post says: Note on "tuned": OpenAI shared they trained
               | the o3 we tested on 75% of the Public Training set. They
               | have not shared more details.
               | 
               | So, I guess we don't know.
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | >that result is not verifiable, not reproducable, unknown
               | if it was leaked and how it was measured. Its kinda hype
               | science.
               | 
               | It will be verifiable when the model is released. Open ai
               | haven't released any benchmark scores that were shown
               | falsified later so unless you have an actual reason to
               | believe they're outright lying then it's not something to
               | take seriously.
               | 
               | Frontier Math is a private benchmark with its highest
               | tier of difficulty Terrence Tao says:
               | 
               | "These are extremely challenging. I think that in the
               | near term basically the only way to solve them, short of
               | having a real domain expert in the area, is by a
               | combination of a semi-expert like a graduate student in a
               | related field, maybe paired with some combination of a
               | modern AI and lots of other algebra packages..."
               | 
               | Unless you have a reason to believe answers were leaked
               | then again, not interested in baseless speculation.
        
               | riku_iki wrote:
               | > Open ai haven't released any benchmark scores
               | 
               | there are multiple research results demonstrating that
               | various benchmarks are heavily leaked to GPT training
               | data.
               | 
               | Is it intentionally or not, we can't figure out, but they
               | have very strong incentive to cheat to get more
               | investments.
               | 
               | > Unless you have a reason to believe answers were leaked
               | then again, not interested in baseless speculation.
               | 
               | this is scientific methodology when results have to be
               | reproduced or confirmed before believed.
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | Again, Frontier Math is private. Benchmarks leaked to
               | GPT-4 are all public datasets on the internet. Frontier
               | Math literally cannot leak that way.
               | 
               | If you don't want to take the benchmarks at face value
               | then good for you but this entire conversation is
               | pointless.
        
               | riku_iki wrote:
               | > Again, Frontier Math is private.
               | 
               | its private for outsiders, but it was developed in
               | "collaboration" with OAI, and GPT was tested in the past
               | on it, so they have it in logs somewhere.
               | 
               | > If you don't want to take the benchmarks at face value
               | then good for you but this entire conversation is
               | pointless.
               | 
               | If you think this entire conversation is pointless, then
               | why do you continue?
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | >its private for outsiders, but it was developed in
               | "collaboration" with OAI, and GPT was tested in the past
               | on it, so they have it in logs somewhere.
               | 
               | They have logs of the questions probably but that's not
               | enough. Frontier Math isn't something that can be fully
               | solved without gathering top experts at multiple
               | disciplines. Even Tao says he only knows who to ask for
               | the most difficult set.
               | 
               | Basically, what you're suggesting at least with this
               | benchmark in particular is far more difficult than you're
               | implying.
               | 
               | >If you think this entire conversation is pointless, then
               | why do you continue?
               | 
               | There's no point arguing about how efficient the models
               | are being (the original point) if you won't even accept
               | the results of the benchmarks. Why i'm continuing ? For
               | now, it's only polite to clarify.
        
               | riku_iki wrote:
               | > Frontier Math isn't something that can be fully solved
               | without gathering top experts
               | 
               | Tao's quote above referred on hardest 20% problems, they
               | have 3 levels of difficulty, presumably first level is
               | much easier. Also, as I mentioned OAI collaborated on
               | creating benchmark, so they could have access to all
               | solutions too.
               | 
               | > There's no point arguing
               | 
               | Lol, let me ask again, why you are arguing then? Yes, I
               | have strong reasonable(imo) doubt that those results are
               | valid.
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | The lowest set is easier but still incredibly difficult.
               | Top experts are no longer required sure but that's it.
               | You'll still need the best of the best undergrads at the
               | very least to solve it.
               | 
               | >Also, as I mentioned OAI collaborated on creating
               | benchmark, so they could have access to all solutions
               | too.
               | 
               | Open AI didn't have any hand in providing problems, why
               | you assume they have the solutions I have no idea.
               | 
               | >Lol, let me ask again, why you are arguing then? Yes, I
               | have strong reasonable(imo) doubt that those results are
               | valid.
               | 
               | Are you just bring obtuse or what ? I stopped arguing
               | with you a couple responses ago. You have doubts? good
               | for you. They don't make much sense but hey, good for
               | you.
               | 
               | This is my last response here so have a nice day.
        
               | riku_iki wrote:
               | > You'll still need the best of the best undergrads at
               | the very least to solve it.
               | 
               | Ok, so I hope you admit that OAI could manually solve
               | them now?
               | 
               | > Open AI didn't have any hand in providing problem
               | 
               | And you know this exactly how?
               | 
               | > I stopped arguing with you a couple responses ago
               | 
               | sure, of course, lmao
        
               | mrbungie wrote:
               | It is still not economical: in Arc at least 20 usd for
               | task vs ~3 usd for a human (avg mturker) for the same
               | perf.
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | Not necessarily. And this is the problem with ARC that
               | people seem to forget.
               | 
               | - It's just a suite of visual puzzles. It's not like say
               | GSM8K where proficiency in it gives some indication on
               | Math proficiency in general.
               | 
               | - It's specifically a suite of puzzles that LLMs have
               | shown particular difficulty in.
               | 
               | Basically how much compute it takes to handle a task in
               | this benchmark does not correlate with how much it will
               | take LLMs to compute tasks that people actually want to
               | use LLMs for.
        
               | mrbungie wrote:
               | If the benchmark is not representative of normal usage*
               | then the benchmark and the plot being shown are not
               | useful at all from a user/business perspective and the
               | focus on the breakthrough scores of o3-low and o3-high in
               | ARC-AGI would be highly misleading. And also the
               | "representative" point is really moot from the discussion
               | perspective (i.e. saying o3 stomps benchmarks, but the
               | benchmarks aren't representative).
               | 
               | *I don't think that is the case as you can at least make
               | relative conclusions (i.e. o3 vs o1 series, o3-low is 4x
               | to 20x the cost for ~3x the perf). Even if it is pure
               | marketing they expect people to draw conclusions using
               | the perf/cost plot from Arc.
               | 
               | PS: I know there are more benchmarks like SWE-Bench and
               | Frontier Math, but this is the only one showing data
               | about o3-low/high costs without considering the
               | CodeForces plot that includes o3-mini (that one does look
               | interesting, though right now is vaporware) but does not
               | separate between compute scale modes.
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | >If the benchmark is not representative of normal usage*
               | then the benchmark and the plot being shown are not
               | useful at all from a user/business perspective and the
               | focus on the breakthrough scores of o3-low and o3-high in
               | ARC-AGI would be highly misleading.
               | 
               | ARC is a very hyped benchmark in the industry so letting
               | us know the results is something any company would do
               | whether it had a direct representation on normal usage or
               | not.
               | 
               | >Even if it is pure marketing they expect people to draw
               | conclusions using the perf/cost plot from Arc.
               | 
               | Again, people care about ARC, they don't care doing the
               | things ARC questions ask. That it is un-economical to pay
               | the price to use o3 for ARC does not mean it would be un-
               | economical to do so for the tasks people actually want to
               | use LLMs for. What does 3x the performance in say coding
               | mean? You really think companies/users wouldn't put up
               | with the increased price for that? You think they have
               | Mturkers to turn to like they do with ARC?
               | 
               | ARC is literally the quintessential 'easy for humans,
               | hard for ai' benchmark. Even if you discard the
               | 'difficulty to price won't scale the same' argument, it
               | makes no sense to use it for an economics comparison.
        
               | mrbungie wrote:
               | In summary: so the "stomps benchmarks" means nothing for
               | anyone trying to make decisions on that announcement (yet
               | they show cost/perf info). It seems, hipey.
        
         | simonw wrote:
         | The new idea is inference-time scaling, as seen in o1 (and o3
         | and Qwen's QwQ and DeepSeek's DeepSeek-R1-Lite-Preview and
         | Google's gemini-2.0-flash-thinking-exp).
         | 
         | I suggest reading these two pieces about that:
         | 
         | - https://www.aisnakeoil.com/p/is-ai-progress-slowing-down -
         | best explanation I've seen of inference scaling anywhere
         | 
         | - https://arcprize.org/blog/oai-o3-pub-breakthrough - Francois
         | Chollet's deep dive into o3
         | 
         | I've been tracking it on this tag on my blog:
         | https://simonwillison.net/tags/inference-scaling/
        
           | exhaze wrote:
           | I think the wildest thing is actually Meta's latest paper
           | where they show a method for LLMs reasoning not in English,
           | but in _latent space_
           | 
           | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.06769
           | 
           | I've done research myself adjacent to this (mapping parts of
           | a latent space onto a manifold), but this is a bit eerie,
           | even to me.
        
             | asadalt wrote:
             | kinda how we do it. language is just an io interface(but
             | also neural obv) on top of our reasoning engine.
        
               | oceanparkway wrote:
               | It's not just a protocol buffer for concepts though (weak
               | wharf Sapir, lakoff's ubiquitous metaphors). Language
               | itself is also a concept layer and plasticity and concept
               | development is bidirectional. But (I'm not very versed in
               | the language here re 'latent space') I would imagine the
               | forward pass through layers converges towards near-token-
               | matches before output, so you have very similar reason to
               | token/language reasoning even in latent/conceptual
               | reasoning? Like the neurons that nearly only respond to a
               | single token for ex.
        
             | ynniv wrote:
             | Is it "eerie"? LeCun has been talking about it for some
             | time, and may also be OpenAI's rumored q-star, mentioned
             | shortly after Noam Brown (diplomacybot) joining OpenAI. You
             | can't hill climb tokens, but you can climb manifolds.
        
               | Y_Y wrote:
               | > You can't hill climb tokens, but you can climb
               | manifolds.
               | 
               | Could you explain this a bit please?
        
               | sebzim4500 wrote:
               | I imagine he means that when you reason in latent space
               | the final answer is a smooth function of the parameters,
               | which means you can use gradient descent to directly
               | optimize the model to produce a desired final output
               | without knowing the correct reasoning steps to get there.
               | 
               | When you reason in token space (like everyone is doing
               | now) you are executing nonlinear functions when you
               | sample after each token, so you have to use some kind of
               | reinforcement learning algorithm to learn the weights.
        
               | Y_Y wrote:
               | I think there's a subtlety here about what makes (e.g.
               | English) tokens different to points in latent space.
               | Everything is still differentiable (at least in the ML
               | sense) until you do random sampling. Even then you can
               | exclude the sampling when calculating the gradient (or is
               | this equivalent to the "manifold"?).
               | 
               | I don't see _a priori_ why it would be better or worse to
               | reason with the  "superposition" of arguments in the pre-
               | sampling phase rather than concrete realizations of those
               | arguments found only after choosing the token. It may
               | well be a contingent rather than necessary fact.
        
               | ynniv wrote:
               | Links to Yan:
               | 
               |  _Title: "Objective Driven AI: Towards Machines that can
               | Learn, Reason, and Plan"
               | 
               | Lytle Lecture Page: https://ece.uw.edu/news-events/lytle-
               | lecture-series/
               | 
               | Slides: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1e6EtQPQMCreP3pwi
               | 5E9kKRsVs2N...
               | 
               | Video: https://youtu.be/d_bdU3LsLzE?si=UeLf0MhMzjXcSCAb _
        
               | exhaze wrote:
               | I wasn't aware of others attempting manifolds for this
               | before - just something I stumbled upon independently. To
               | me the "eerie" part is the thought of an LLM no longer
               | using human language to reason - it's like something out
               | of a sci fi movie where humans encounter an alien species
               | that thinks in a way that humans cannot even comprehend
               | due to biological limitations.
               | 
               | I am hopeful that progress in mechanistic
               | interpretability will serve as a healthy counterbalance
               | to this approach when it comes to explainability.. though
               | I kinda worry that at a certain point it may be that
               | something resembling a scaling law puts an upper bound on
               | even that.
        
               | sooheon wrote:
               | I remember (apocryphal?) Microsoft's chatbot developing
               | pidgin to communicate to other chatbots. Every layer of
               | the NN except the first and last already "think" in
               | latent space, is this surprising?
        
               | joegibbs wrote:
               | Is it really alien or is it more similar to how we think?
               | We don't think purely in language, it's more a kind of
               | soup of language, sounds, images, emotions and senses
               | that we then turn into language when we communicate with
               | each other.
        
               | qnleigh wrote:
               | > it's like something out of a sci fi movie where humans
               | encounter an alien species that thinks in a way that
               | humans cannot even comprehend due to biological
               | limitations.
               | 
               | I've increasingly felt this since GPT2 wrote that news
               | piece about unicorns back in 2019. These models are still
               | so mysterious, when you think about it. They can often
               | solve decently complex math problems, but routinely fail
               | at counting. Many have learned surprising skills like
               | chess, but only when prompted in very specific ways.
               | Their emergent abilities constantly surprise us and we
               | have no idea how they really work internally.
               | 
               | So the idea that they reason using something other than
               | human language feels unsurprising, but only because
               | everything about it is surprising.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | It's just concept space. The entire LLM works in this space
             | once the embedding layer is done. It's not really that
             | novel at all.
        
               | ttul wrote:
               | This was my thought. Literally everything inside a neural
               | network is a "latent space". Straight from the embeddings
               | that you use to map categorical features in the first
               | layer.
               | 
               | Latent space is where the magic literally happens.
        
             | mountainriver wrote:
             | There are lots of papers that do this
        
             | rhubarbtree wrote:
             | Seems a standard approach of AI research is to "move X into
             | the latent space" where X is some useful function (eg
             | diffusion) previously done in the "data" or "artefact"
             | space. So seems very pedestrian not wild to make that step.
        
         | knapcio wrote:
         | I'm wondering whether O3 can be used to explore its own
         | improvement or optimization ideas, or if it hasn't reached that
         | point yet.
        
         | Yizahi wrote:
         | To output "don't know" a system needs to "know" too. Random
         | token generator can't know. It can guess better and better,
         | maybe it can even guess 99.99% of time, but it can't know, it
         | can't decide or reason (not even o1 can "reason").
        
         | aleph_minus_one wrote:
         | > Now someone has to have a new idea. There's plenty of money
         | available if someone has one.
         | 
         | I honestly _do_ claim to have some ideas where I see evidence
         | that they might work (and I do attempt to work privately on a
         | prototype if only out of curiosity and to see whether I am
         | right). The bad news: these ideas very likely won 't be helpful
         | for these LLM companies because they are not useful for their
         | agenda, and follow a very different approach.
         | 
         | So no money for me. :-(
         | 
         | Let me put it this way:
         | 
         | Have you ever talked to a person whose intelligence is miles
         | above yours? It can easily become very exhausting. Thus an
         | "insanely intelligent" AI would not be of much use for most
         | people - it would think "too different" from such people.
         | 
         | There _do_ exist tasks in commerce for which an insane amount
         | of intelligence would make a huge difference (in the sense of
         | being positive regarding some important KPIs), but these are
         | rare. I can imagine some applications of such (fictional)
         | "super-intelligent" AIs in finance and companies doing some
         | bleeding-edge scientific research - but these are niche
         | applications (though potentially very lucrative ones).
         | 
         | If OpenAI, Anthropic & Co were really attempting to develop
         | some "super-smart" AI, they were working on such very lucrative
         | niche applications where an insane amount of intelligence would
         | make a huge difference, and where you can assume and train the
         | AI operator to have a "Fields-medal level" intelligence.
        
         | mnk47 wrote:
         | > So LLMs finally hit the wall
         | 
         | Not really. Throwing a bunch of unfiltered garbage at the
         | pretraining dataset, throwing in RLHF of questionable quality
         | during post-training, and other current hacks - none of that
         | was expected to last forever. There is so much low-hanging
         | fruit that OpenAI left untouched and I'm sure they're still
         | experimenting with the best pre-training and post-training
         | setups.
         | 
         | One thing researchers are seeing is resistance to post-training
         | alignment in larger models, but that's almost the opposite of a
         | wall, they're figuring it out as well.
         | 
         | > Now someone has to have a new idea
         | 
         | OpenAI already has a few, namely the o* series in which they
         | discovered a way to bake Chain of Thought into the model via
         | RL. Now we have reasoning models that destroy benchmarks that
         | they previously couldn't touch.
         | 
         | Anthropic has a post-training technique, RLAIF, which supplants
         | RLHF,and it works amazingly well. Combined with countless other
         | tricks we don't know about in their training pipeline, they've
         | managed to squeeze so much performance out of Sonnet 3.5 for
         | general tasks.
         | 
         | Gemini is showing a lot of promise with their new Flash 2.0 and
         | Flash 2.0-Thinking models. They're the first models to beat
         | Sonnet at many benchmarks since April. The new Gemini Pro (or
         | Ultra? whatever they call it now) is probably coming out in
         | January.
         | 
         | > The current level of LLM would be far more useful if someone
         | could get a conservative confidence metric out of the internals
         | of the model. This technology desperately needs to output
         | "Don't know" or "Not sure about this, but ..." when
         | appropriate.
         | 
         | You would probably enjoy this talk [0], it's by an independent
         | researcher who IIRC is a former employee of Deepmind or some
         | other lab. They're exploring this exact idea. It's actually not
         | hard to tell when a model is "confused" (just look at the
         | probability distribution of likely tokens), the challenge is in
         | steering the model to either get back to the right track or
         | give up and say "you know what, idk"
         | 
         | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4toIHSsZs1c
        
           | NitpickLawyer wrote:
           | > Not really. Throwing a bunch of unfiltered garbage at the
           | pretraining dataset, throwing in RLHF of questionable quality
           | during post-training, and other current hacks - none of that
           | was expected to last forever. There is so much low-hanging
           | fruit that OpenAI left untouched and I'm sure they're still
           | experimenting with the best pre-training and post-training
           | setups.
           | 
           | Exactly! LLama3 and their .x iterations have shown that, at
           | least for now, the idea of using the previous models to
           | filter out the pre-training datasets and use a small amount
           | of seeds to create synthetic datasets for post-training still
           | holds. We'll see with L4 if it continues to hold.
        
         | thrwthsnw wrote:
         | Seriously? All they do is produce a "confidence metric"
        
           | emtel wrote:
           | But how do they do that?
        
         | atleastoptimal wrote:
         | the new idea is the o series and clearly OpenAI's main focus
         | now. It's advancing much faster than the GPT series
        
         | Jean-Papoulos wrote:
         | > So LLMs finally hit the wall. For a long time, more data,
         | bigger models, and more compute to drive them worked
         | 
         | We can't say whether there is a wall, since we don't have
         | anymore data to train on.
        
         | az226 wrote:
         | The problem is data.
         | 
         | GPT-3 was trained on 4:1 ratio of data to parameters. And for
         | GPT-4 the ratio was 10:1. So to scale this out, GPT-5 should be
         | 25:1. The parameter count jumped from 175B to 1.3T, which means
         | GPT-5 should be 10T parameters and 250T training tokens. There
         | is zero chance OpenAI has a training set of high quality data
         | that is 250T tokens.
         | 
         | If I had to guess, they trained a model that was maybe 3-4T in
         | size and used 30-50T high quality tokens and maybe 10-30 medium
         | and low quality ones.
         | 
         | There is only one company in the world that stores the data
         | that could get us past the wall.
         | 
         | The training cost of the above scaled GPT-5 is 150x GPT-4,
         | which was 25k A100 for 90 days, which poor MFU.
         | 
         | Let's assume they double MFU, it would mean 1M H100s. But let's
         | say they made algorithmic improvements, so maybe it's only
         | 250-500k H100s.
         | 
         | While the training cluster size was 100k and then grew to 150k,
         | this cluster is suggestive of a smaller model and less data.
         | 
         | But ultimately data is the bottleneck.
        
           | ssl-3 wrote:
           | Links?
        
       | Yizahi wrote:
       | GPT-5 is not behind schedule. GPT-5 is called GPT-4o and it has
       | been already released half a year ago. It was not revolutionary
       | enough to be called 5, and prophet saint Altman was probably
       | afraid to release new gen not exponentially improving, so it was
       | rebranded in the last moment. It's speculation of course, but it
       | is kinda obvious speculation.
        
         | glenstein wrote:
         | >GPT-5 is called GPT-4o
         | 
         | This is the first I have heard of this in particular. Do you
         | know of any article or source for more on the efforts to train
         | GPT 5 and the decision to call it GPT 4o?
        
           | BoorishBears wrote:
           | I think my biggest pet peeve is when someone shares an
           | insight which is _unmistakably_ based on intuition,
           | inference, critical thinking, etc (all mental faculties we
           | are allowed to use to come to conclusions in the face of
           | information asymmetry btw)
           | 
           | ...and then gets hit deadpan with the good old  "Source?",
           | like it's some sort of gotcha.
           | 
           | I think people have started to confuse "making logical
           | conclusions without perfect info" with "misinformation"
           | 
           | -
           | 
           | Before certain people start acting like _this_ is advocating
           | for misinformation (which would be an incredible irony...) it
           | 's not.
           | 
           | I'm saying if you disagree with what someone supposits, _just
           | state so directly._ Don 't wrap it in a disingenous query for
           | a source.
        
             | og_kalu wrote:
             | It doesn't even look like 4o is scaled up parameter wise
             | from 4 and was released closer in time than either 3 or 4
             | were from their predecessors at a time where the scaling
             | required for these next gen iterations has only gotten more
             | difficult.
             | 
             | Critical thinking ? Lol it's just blind speculation.
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | If you disagree with their reasoning then _you explain
               | that_.
               | 
               | You don't do this passive aggressive "source???" thing.
               | 
               | It's a bit like starting a Slack conversation with "Hi?":
               | we all know you have a secondary objective, but now
               | you're inserting an extra turn of phrase into the mix
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | Not everyone keeps up with LLM development enough to know
               | how far apart the release dates for these models are, how
               | much scaling (roughly) has been done on each iteration
               | and a decent ballpark for how much open ai might try to
               | scale up a next gen model.
               | 
               | To me, OP's speculation reads as obvious nonsense but
               | that might not be the case for everybody. Asking for
               | sources or such to what is entirely speculation is
               | perfectly valid and personally, that comment does not
               | ring as passive aggressive to me but maybe it's just me.
               | 
               | Just because someone doesn't know enough to refute the
               | reasoning doesn't mean they must take whatever they read
               | at face value.
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | If we're making this about the innocent bystanders now,
               | that's all the more reason to be direct and say "I
               | disagree." rather than indirectly expressing negative
               | feelings (aka being passive aggressive) and asking for a
               | source.
               | 
               | If anything just breezily asking for a source would imply
               | to people who don't know better that this is a rather
               | even keeled take and just needs some more evidence on
               | top. "I disagree and here's why" nips that in the bud
               | directly.
        
               | og_kalu wrote:
               | How is "I disagree" any more direct than "I've not heard
               | anything like this. any source that would point at that?"
               | Moreover who's to say this person even disagrees?
               | Personally i don't always ask for them because of a
               | disagreement.
               | 
               | I think the hanging point seems to be that you found the
               | comment passive aggressive but i genuinely didn't.
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | You ask:
               | 
               | > How is "I disagree" any more direct than "I've not
               | heard anything like this.
               | 
               | But then you go on to say:
               | 
               | > Moreover who's to say this person even disagrees?
               | Personally i don't always ask for them because of a
               | disagreement.
               | 
               | If you don't see how just disagreeing with someone is
               | more direct than rhetorically asking for sources... we
               | might just have to agree to disagree :)
        
               | glenstein wrote:
               | Right, that's what makes this rabbit hole a bit wild. I'm
               | not even expressing a disagreement, rhetorical or
               | otherwise. What's more, _there 's nothing wrong with
               | doing that_ either. There are circumstances where that's
               | a perfectly appropriate thing to do.
               | 
               | And while I fully agree there absolutely _is_ such a
               | thing as smarmy commenters asking for sources in cases
               | where it 's misunderstanding something fundamental about
               | the conversation (e.g. "Shakespeare is good", "oh really?
               | source?!") or frivolous requests for factual information
               | familiar to everyone ("global temperatures are rising?
               | Source!?"), I don't know how someone could read _this_
               | subthread and feel that my question falls into either of
               | those categories.
               | 
               | And to use this of all things as a moment to die on the
               | hill of advocating for fuzzy boundaries between
               | speculation and fact, which absolutely _is_ something
               | that facilitates misinformation, and to be angry that
               | such a thing would be interpreted as a favorable attitude
               | toward misinformation, is completely baffling.
        
             | imiric wrote:
             | It's reasonable to ask for sources when an opinion is
             | phrased as a fact, as GGP did. I don't see how you got that
             | it was _unmistakably_ an opinion from that comment.
             | 
             | There is no way to deduce by intuition alone that GPT-5 ==
             | GPT-4o. So either that person has some information the rest
             | of us aren't privy to, or it's an opinion phrased as a
             | fact. In either case, it deserves clarification.
        
               | glenstein wrote:
               | On a second read I see that the comment notes that it is
               | intended as speculation, but still it seems rather
               | confident in its own accuracy and I am not even sure it's
               | wrong, but just looking for something that warrants the
               | confidence.
        
               | imiric wrote:
               | Ah, fair enough. I missed the speculation bit.
        
               | Yizahi wrote:
               | I wrote my comment that way, based on my personal
               | memories of the news cycle between gpt-4 and gpt-4o, and
               | the claims raised by OpenAI about gpt-4o. The hype before
               | 4o release was overwhelming, people have expected the
               | same step up as between 3 and 4, and there were constant
               | "leaks" from supposed insiders that gpt-5 is just at the
               | horizon and will come out soon. And then they release 4o,
               | which was a big standalone release, not some fine tuning
               | like turbo or whatever else they made before.
               | 
               | Looking at the benchmarks it was also very expected in my
               | opinion. Sure, the absolute results are/were sky high,
               | but results relative to the previous gen were not
               | exponential now, they were comparatively smaller than
               | between 2 and 3, or 3 and 4. So I'm guessing that they
               | have invested and worked for 2023-2024 on a brand new
               | model, and branded it according to the model results.
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | That was _clearly_ phrased like a fact, which may or may
               | not be correct. If it had been phrased like an opinion we
               | wouldn 't be having this conversation...
               | 
               | The problem is once you believe their _fact_ is wrong,
               | just say  "I think you're wrong <insert rest of
               | comment>". Innocently asking for a source as if you're
               | still on the fence is just performative and leads to
               | these conversations where both sides just end up talking
               | past each other:
               | 
               | A source for one underpinning of the incorrect fact comes
               | up, then "well but that only proves X part of it, can you
               | prove Y" and so on.
               | 
               | tl;dr I just find the quality of discourse is much higher
               | when people are direct.
        
               | Capricorn2481 wrote:
               | > I just find the quality of discourse is much higher
               | when people are direct.
               | 
               | Well this certainly is a lot of work to make a mountain
               | out of a mole hill, and I'm not sure it increases the
               | quality of discussion either.
               | 
               | In any case, I think saying bold shit followed up with
               | "it's speculation, but it's OBVIOUS speculation" is worth
               | asking for some evidence. Obvious speculation implies
               | it's sourced from something other than personal gut
               | feeling.
               | 
               | To echo a sibling comment:
               | 
               | > Every time someone says their speculation is "obvious"
               | it rings every possible alarm bell for someone who has
               | completely lost grasp of the ability to distinguish
               | between facts and speculation.
        
             | ultimoo wrote:
             | simply adding "i think" solves this. op was speculating
             | with gravitas that needs sources
        
             | glenstein wrote:
             | My sister got taken in by drone conspiracy theories,
             | because for her it was just "obvious" that nobody would
             | ever mistake a plane for a drone.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, aeronautics experts whose job it is to know
             | about this have created an entire lexicon for the various
             | perceptual illusions we experience relating to flight and
             | airborne objects, precisely because it involves conditions
             | where our intuitions fail. Many of them have to do with
             | inability to orient depth, distance, or motion for lights
             | at night.
             | 
             | Every time someone says their speculation is "obvious" it
             | rings every possible alarm bell for someone who has
             | completely lost grasp of the ability to distinguish between
             | facts and speculation.
             | 
             | The road to misinformation is paved with overconfident
             | declarations of the form: "it's so obvious, who needs
             | sources!"
        
             | igor47 wrote:
             | I think it's okay to make logical conclusions but you must
             | base them in evidence, not just suppositions. Intuition is
             | a good start to begin generating hypothesis, but it doesn't
             | render conclusions. I interpreted the GP asking for sources
             | as "can you give me some evidence that would help me reach
             | the same conclusions you've reached". I think that's much
             | preferable to just accepting random things people say at
             | face value.
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | Even with evidence a logical conclusion can still a
               | supposition (aka an uncertain belief), and often _is_ in
               | the face of the kind of information asymmetry inherent to
               | _any_ outsider commenting on a private company 's
               | internal roadmap... but I digress.
               | 
               | My point is simply that is we can skip the passive
               | aggressiveness and just say "can you give me some _more_
               | evidence that would help me reach the same conclusions
               | you 've reached".
               | 
               | Otherwise you're not actually asking for a source, you're
               | just saying "I disagree" in a very roundabout way.
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | Not really, 4o was purpose built to be a light weight 4.
         | Remember that 4o was also when GPT-4 became available to
         | everyone. Before that ou had to be premium to use GPT-4, and
         | got limited inquiries.
         | 
         | 4o was all about compute optimization.
        
       | phillipcarter wrote:
       | More palace intrigue, sigh.
       | 
       | Meanwhile, the biggest opportunity lies not in whatever next
       | thing OpenAI releases, but the rest of the enormous software
       | industry actually integrating this technology and realizing the
       | value it can deliver.
        
         | boplicity wrote:
         | Believe me, people are seizing this "opportunity":
         | 
         | https://www.opb.org/article/2024/12/09/artificial-intelligen...
        
       | glenstein wrote:
       | The lack of tech literacy in this article is a bit concerning:
       | 
       | >Some researchers take this so seriously they won't work on
       | planes, coffee shops or anyplace where someone could peer over
       | their shoulder and catch a glimpse of their work.
       | 
       | I'm almost certain that originally this was meant to be a
       | reference to public wifi networks, as planes and coffee shops are
       | often the frequently cited prototypical examples. They made it
       | literally into a matter of someone looking over their shoulder,
       | which loses so much in translation it's almost how you would
       | write this as a joke to illustrate someone missing the point.
       | 
       | >OpenAI and its brash chief executive, Sam Altman
       | 
       | This also strikes me as nonsense. It's the first I've ever heard
       | of someone describing Sam Altman as brash. The only way I can see
       | them getting there is (1) tech executives are often brash (2)
       | Altman is a tech executive (3) let's just go ahead and call him
       | brash.
       | 
       | Nevertheless if this history of GPT5 and/or o3 training is
       | accurate, it strikes me as significant news, but perhaps a missed
       | opportunity to say more about the pertinent dynamics that explain
       | why the training isn't working and/or to talk in interestingly
       | specific ways about strategies for training, synthetic data, or
       | other such things.
        
         | denysvitali wrote:
         | A lot of things in this article don't make any sense. I'm
         | surprised this was even upvoted.
        
           | airstrike wrote:
           | I think it's upvoted because people feel it's a relevant
           | conversation to have, even if TFA is lame
        
       | terminatornet wrote:
       | I'm sure all the people who said "show me AI progress is slowing
       | down!" 6 months ago will be acknowledging this article.
        
         | mnk47 wrote:
         | Did you read the article? All it basically says is that OpenAI
         | faced struggles this past year -- specifically with GPT-5 aka
         | Orion. And now they have o3, and other labs have made huge
         | strides. So, yes, show me AI progress is slowing down!
        
           | terminatornet wrote:
           | Awesome now they can get me wrong answers even quicker :)
        
       | t_serpico wrote:
       | One fundamental challenge to me is that if each training run
       | because more and more expensive, the time it takes it to learn
       | what works/doesn't work widens. Half a billion dollars for
       | training a model is already nuts, but if it takes 100 iterations
       | to perfect it, you've cumulatively spent 50 billion dollars...
       | Smaller models may actually be where rapid innovation continues
       | simply because of tighter feedback loops. O3 may be an example of
       | this.
        
         | ramesh31 wrote:
         | But if the scaling law holds true, more dollars should at some
         | point translate into AGI, which is priceless. We haven't
         | reached the limits yet of that hypothesis.
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | a) There is evidence e.g. private data deals that we are
           | starting to hit the limitations of what data is available.
           | 
           | b) There is no evidence that LLMs are the roadmap to AGI.
           | 
           | c) Continued investment hinges on their being a large enough
           | cohort of startups that can leverage LLMs to generate
           | outsized returns. There is no evidence yet this is the case.
        
             | ComplexSystems wrote:
             | "There is no evidence that LLMs are the roadmap to AGI." -
             | There's plenty of evidence. What do you think the last few
             | years have been all about? Hell, GPT-4 would already have
             | qualified as AGI about a decade ago.
        
               | gwervc wrote:
               | No, GPT-4 would have been classified as it is today: a
               | (good) generator of natural language. While this is a
               | hard classical NLP task, it's a far cry from
               | intelligence.
        
               | falcor84 wrote:
               | GPT-4 is a good generator of natural language in the same
               | sense that Google is a good generator of ip packets.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | Have you ever heard of a local maxima? You don't get an
               | attack helicopter by breeding stronger and stronger
               | falcons.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | For an industry that spun off of a research field that
               | basically revolves around recursive descent in one form
               | or another, there's a pretty silly amount of willful
               | ignorance about the basic principles of how learning and
               | progress happens.
               | 
               | The default assumption _should_ be that this is a local
               | maximum, with evidence required to demonstrate that it 's
               | not. But the hype artists want us all to take the
               | inevitability of LLMs for granted--"See the slope? Slopes
               | lead up! All we have to do is climb the slope and we'll
               | get to the moon! If you can't see that you're obviously
               | stupid or have your head in the sand!"
        
               | zmgsabst wrote:
               | You're implicitly assuming only a global maximum will
               | lead to useful AI.
               | 
               | There might be many local maxima that cross the useful AI
               | or even AGI threshold.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | And we aren't even at a local maximum. There's still
               | plenty of incremental upwards progress to be made.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | I never said anything about usefulness, and it's
               | frustrating that every time I criticize AGI hype people
               | move the goalposts and say "but it'll still be useful!"
               | 
               | I use GitHub Copilot every day. We already have useful
               | "AI". That doesn't mean that the whole thing isn't super
               | overhyped.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _What do you think the last few years have been all
               | about?_
               | 
               | Next token language-based predictors with no more
               | intelligence than brute force GIGO which parrot existing
               | human intelligence captured as text/audio and fed in the
               | form of input data.
               | 
               | 4o agrees:
               | 
               | "What you are describing is a language model or next-
               | token predictor that operates solely as a computational
               | system without inherent intelligence or understanding.
               | The phrase captures the essence of generative AI models,
               | like GPT, which rely on statistical and probabilistic
               | methods to predict the next piece of text based on
               | patterns in the data they've been trained on"
        
               | thrwthsnw wrote:
               | Everything you said is parroting data you've trained on,
               | two thirds of it is actual copy paste
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _Everything you said is parroting data you've trained
               | on_
               | 
               | "Just like" an LLM, yeah sure...
               | 
               | Like how the brain was "just like" a hydraulic system
               | (early industrial era), like a clockwork with gears and
               | differentiation (mechanical engineering), "just like" an
               | electric circuit (Edison's time), "just like" a computer
               | CPU (21st century), and so on...
               | 
               | You're just assuming what you should prove
        
               | mrbungie wrote:
               | He probably didn't need petabytes of reddit posts and
               | millions of gpu-hours to parrot that though.
               | 
               | I still don't buy the "we do the same as LLMs" discourse.
               | Of course one could hypothesize the human brain language
               | center may have some similarities to LLMs, but the
               | differences in resource usage and how those resources are
               | used to train humans and LLMs are remarkable and may
               | indicate otherwise.
        
               | shwouchk wrote:
               | Not text, he had petabytes of video, audio, and other
               | sensory inputs. Heck, a baby sees petabytes of video
               | before first word is spoken
               | 
               | And he probably cant quote Shakespeare as well ;)
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | > he had petabytes of video, audio, and other sensory
               | inputs
               | 
               | He didn't parrot a video or sensory inputs though.
        
               | mrbungie wrote:
               | And yet with multiple OoM more data he still didn't cost
               | millions of dollars to be trained nor multiple lifetimes
               | in gpu-hours. He probably didn't even register all the
               | petabytes passing through all his "sensors", those are
               | some characteristics that we are not even near
               | understanding and much less replicating.
               | 
               | Whatever is happening in the brain is more complex as the
               | perf/cost ratio is stupidly better for humans for a lot
               | of tasks in both training and inference*.
               | 
               | *when considering all modalities, o3 can't even do the
               | ARC AGI in vision mode but rather just json
               | representations. So much for omni.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _Not text, he had petabytes of video, audio, and other
               | sensory inputs. Heck, a baby sees petabytes of video
               | before first word is spoken_
               | 
               | A 2-3 year old baby could speak in a rural village in
               | 1800, having just seen its cradle (for the first
               | month/s), and its parents' hut for some more months, and
               | maybe parts of the village afterwards.
               | 
               | Hardly "petabytes of training video" to write home about.
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | You have described something but you haven't explained
               | why the description of the thing defines its capability.
               | This is a tautology, or possibly a begging of the
               | question, which takes as true the premise of something
               | (that token based language predictors cannot be
               | intelligent) and then uses that premise to prove an
               | unproven point (that language models cannot achieve
               | intelligence).
               | 
               | You did nothing at all to demonstrate why you cannot
               | produce an intelligent system from a next token language
               | based predictor.
               | 
               | What GPT says about this is completely irrelevant.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _You did nothing at all to demonstrate why you cannot
               | produce an intelligent system from a next token language
               | based predictor_
               | 
               | Sorry, but the burden of proof is on your side...
               | 
               | The intelligence is in the corpus the LLM was fed with.
               | Using statistics to pick from it and re-arrange it gives
               | new intelligent results because the information was
               | already produced by intelligent beings.
               | 
               | If somebody gives you an excerpt of a book, it doesn't
               | mean they have the intelligence of the author - even if
               | you have taught them a mechanical statistical method to
               | give back a section matching a query you make.
               | 
               | Kids learn to speak and understand language at 3-4 years
               | old (among tons of other concepts), and can reason by
               | themselves in a few years with less than 1 billionth the
               | input...
               | 
               | > _What GPT says about this is completely irrelevant._
               | 
               | On the contrary, it's using its very real intelligence,
               | about to reach singularity any time now, and this is its
               | verdict!
               | 
               | Why would you say it's irrelevant? That would be as if it
               | merely statistically parroted combinations of its
               | training data unconnected to any reasoning (except of
               | that the human creators of the data used to create them)
               | or objective reality...
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | Let's pretend it is 1940
               | 
               | Person 1: rockets could be a method of putting things
               | into Earth orbit
               | 
               | Person 2: rockets cannot get things into orbit because
               | they use a chemical reaction which causes an equal and
               | opposite force reaction to produce thrust'
               | 
               | Does person 1 have the burden of proof that rockets can
               | be used to put things in orbit? Sure, but that doesn't
               | make the reasoning used by person 2 valid to explain why
               | person 1 is wrong.
               | 
               | BTW thanks for adding an entire chapter to your comment
               | in edit so it looks like I am ignoring most of it. What I
               | replied to was one sentence that said 'the burden of
               | proof is on you'. Though it really doesn't make much
               | difference because you are doing the same thing but more
               | verbose this time.
               | 
               | None of the things you mentioned preclude intelligence.
               | You are telling us again how it operates but not why that
               | operation is restrictive in producing an intelligent
               | output. There is no law that saws that intelligence
               | requires anything but a large amount of data and
               | computation. If you can show why these things are not
               | sufficient, I am eager to read about it. A logical
               | explanation would be great, step by step please, without
               | making any grand unproven assumptions.
               | 
               | In response to the person below... again, whether or not
               | person 1 is right or wrong does not make person 2's
               | argument valid.
        
               | ViewTrick1002 wrote:
               | The delta-V for orbit is a precisely defined point. How
               | you get there is not.
               | 
               | What is the defined point for reaching AGI?
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | I can check but I am pretty sure that using a different
               | argument to try and prove something is wrong will not
               | make another person's invalid argument correct.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | Person 3: Since we can leave earths orbit, we can reach
               | faster than light speed, look at this graph over our
               | progress making faster rockets we will for sure reach
               | there in a few years!
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | So there is a theoretical framework which can be tested
               | against to achieve AGI and according to that framework it
               | is either not possible or extremely unlikely because of
               | physical laws?
               | 
               | Can you share that? It sounds groundbreaking!
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | It's not like we discovered hot air ballons, and some
               | people think we'll get to Moon and Mars with them...
               | 
               | > Does person 1 have the burden of proof that rockets can
               | be used to put things in orbit? Sure, but that doesn't
               | make the reasoning used by person 2 valid to explain why
               | person 1 is wrong.
               | 
               | The reasoning by person 2 doesn't matter as much if 1 is
               | making an ubsubstantiated claim to begin with.
               | 
               | > _There is no law that saws that intelligence requires
               | anything but a large amount of data and computation. If
               | you can show why these things are not sufficient, I am
               | eager to read about it._
               | 
               | Errors with very simple stuff while getting higher order
               | stuff correct shows that this is not actual intelligence
               | matching the level of performance exhibited, i.e. no
               | understanding.
               | 
               | No person who can solve higher level math (like an LLM
               | answering college or math olympiad questions) is confused
               | by the kind of simple math blind spots that confuse LLMs.
               | 
               | A person understanding higher level math, would never
               | (and even less so, consistently) fail a problem like:
               | 
               | "Oliver picks 44 kiwis on Friday. Then he picks 58 kiwis
               | on Saturday. On Sunday, he picks double the number of
               | kiwis he did on Friday, but five of them were a bit
               | smaller than average. How many kiwis does Oliver have?"
               | 
               | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.05229
               | 
               | (of course with these problems exposed, they'll probably
               | "learn" to overfit it)
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | > If somebody gives you an excerpt of a book, it doesn't
               | mean they have the intelligence of the author
               | 
               | A closely related rant of my own: The fictional character
               | we humans infer from text is not the author-machine
               | generating that text, not even if they happen to share
               | the same name. Assuming that the author-machine is
               | already conscious and choosing to insert itself is
               | begging the question.
        
               | resters wrote:
               | This comment isn't false but it's very naive.
        
               | zmgsabst wrote:
               | o1 points out this is mostly about "if submarines swim".
               | 
               | https://chatgpt.com/share/6768c920-4454-8000-bf73-0f86e92
               | 996...
        
               | ComplexSystems wrote:
               | What do you think "AGI" is supposed to be?
        
               | n144q wrote:
               | > GPT-4 would already have qualified as AGI about a
               | decade ago.
               | 
               | Did you just make that up?
        
               | OtomotO wrote:
               | Probably asked an "AI"
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | A lot of people held that passing the Turing Test would
               | indicate human-level intelligence. GPT-4 passes.
        
               | bigpingo wrote:
               | Link to GPT-4 passing the turing test? Tried googling,
               | could not find anything.
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | Google must be really going downhill. DDG "gpt turing
               | test" provides nothing but relevant links. Here's a
               | paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.08007
        
               | OtomotO wrote:
               | The last four years?
               | 
               | ELIZA 2.0
        
             | aantix wrote:
             | Have we really hit the wall?
             | 
             | Do they use GPS based data?
             | 
             | Feels like there's data all around us.
             | 
             | Sure they've hit the wall with obvious conversations and
             | blog articles that humans produced, but data is a by
             | product of our environment. Surely there's more. Tons more.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | We also could just measure the background noise of the
               | universe and produce unlimited data.
               | 
               | But just like GPS data it isn't suited for LLMs given
               | that you know it has no relevance what so ever to
               | language.
        
               | aantix wrote:
               | You're thinking of language in the strictest of sense.
               | 
               | GPS data as it relates to location names, people,
               | cultures, path finding.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | What does culture and names and people have to do with
               | the Global Position System?
               | 
               | You are right that we can have lots more data, if you are
               | willing to consider other modalities. But that's not
               | 'GPS'. Unless you are using an idiosyncratic definition
               | of GPS?
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Ignoring the confusion about 'GPS' for a moment: there's
               | lots and lots of other data that could be used for
               | training AI systems.
               | 
               | But, you need to go multi-modal for that; and you need to
               | find data that's somewhat useful, not just random
               | fluctuations like the CMB. So eg you could use YouTube
               | videos, or even just point webcams at the real world.
               | That might be able to give your AI a grounding in
               | everyday physics?
               | 
               | There's also lots of program code you can train your AI
               | on. Not so much the code itself, because compared to the
               | world's total text (that we are running out of), the
               | world's total human written code is relatively small.
               | 
               | But you can generate new code and make it useful for
               | training, by also having the AI predict what happens when
               | you (compile and) run the code. A bit like self-playing
               | for improving AlphaGo.
        
             | thrwthsnw wrote:
             | Private data is 90% garbage too
        
             | eru wrote:
             | > c) Continued investment hinges on their being a large
             | enough cohort of startups that can leverage LLMs to
             | generate outsized returns. There is no evidence yet this is
             | the case.
             | 
             | Why does it have to be startups? And why does it have to be
             | LLMs?
             | 
             | Btw, we might be running out of text data. But there's lots
             | and lots more data you can have (and generate), if you are
             | willing to consider other modalities.
             | 
             | You can also get a bit further with text data by using it
             | for multiple epochs, like we used to do in the past. (But
             | that only really gives you at best an order of magnitude. I
             | read some paper that the returns diminish drastically after
             | four epochs.)
        
             | zifpanachr23 wrote:
             | I agree, these are good points.
        
           | unshavedyak wrote:
           | > which is priceless
           | 
           | This also isn't true. It'll clearly have a price to run. Even
           | if it's very intelligent, if the price to run it is too high
           | it'll just be a 24/7 intelligent person that few can afford
           | to talk to. No?
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | Computers will be the size of data centres, they'll be so
             | expensive we'll queue up jobs to run on them days in
             | advance, each taking our turn... history echoes into the
             | future...
        
               | unshavedyak wrote:
               | Yea, and those statements were true. For a time. If you
               | want to say "AGI will be priceless some unknown time into
               | the future" then i'd be on board lol. But to imply it'll
               | be immediately priceless? As in no cost spent today
               | wouldn't be immediately rewarded once AGI exists?
               | Nonsense.
               | 
               | Maybe if it was _extremely_ intelligent and it's ROI
               | would be all the drugs it would instantly discover or
               | w/e. But lets not imply that General Intelligence
               | requires infinitely knowing.
               | 
               | So at best we're talking about an AI that is likely close
               | to human level intelligence. Which is cool, because we
               | have 7+ billion of those things.
               | 
               | This isn't an argument against it. Just to say that AGI
               | isn't "priceless" in the implementation we'd likely see
               | out of the gate.
        
         | dkobia wrote:
         | AGI is the Sisyphean task of our age. We'll push this boulder
         | up the mountain because we have to, even if it kills us.
        
           | h0l0cube wrote:
           | There's no doubt been progress on the way to AGI, but
           | ultimately it's still a search problem, and one that will
           | rely on human ingenuity at least until we solve it. LLMs are
           | such a vast improvement in showing intelligent-like behavior
           | that we've become tantalized by it. So now we're possibly
           | focusing our search in the wrong place for the next
           | innovation on the path to AGI. Otherwise, it's just a lack of
           | compute, and then we just have to wait for the capacity to
           | catch up.
        
           | idiotsecant wrote:
           | And when we get it there, it kills us.
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | Do we know LLMs are the path to AGI? If they're not, we'll
           | just end up with some neat but eye wateringly expensive LLMs.
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | I would put no money on the latter.
        
             | foolfoolz wrote:
             | AGI will arrive like self driving cars. it's not that you
             | will wake up one day and we have it. cars gained auto-
             | braking, parallel parking, cruise control assist. and over
             | a long time you get to something like waymo, which still is
             | location dependent. i think AGI will take decades but
             | sooner will be some special cases that are effectively the
             | same
        
               | danpalmer wrote:
               | Interesting idea. The concept of The Singularity would
               | seem to go against this, but I do feel that seems
               | unlikely and that a gradual transition is more likely.
               | 
               | However, is that AGI, or is it just ubiquitous AI? I'd
               | agree that, like self driving cars, we're going to
               | experience a decade or so transition into AI being
               | everywhere. But is it AGI when we get there? I think
               | it'll be many different systems each providing an aspect
               | of AGI that together could be argued to be AGI, but in
               | reality it'll be more like the internet, just a bunch of
               | non-AGI models talking to each other to achieve things
               | with human input.
               | 
               | I don't think it's truly AGI until there's one thinking
               | entity able to perform at or above human level in
               | everything.
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | The Singularity is caused by AI being able to design
               | better AI. There's probably some AI startup trying to
               | work on this at the moment, but I don't think any of the
               | big boys are working on how to get an LLM to design a
               | better LLM.
               | 
               | I still like the analogy of this being a really smart
               | lawn mower, and we're expecting it to suddenly be able to
               | do the laundry because it gets so smart at mowing the
               | lawn.
               | 
               | I think LLMs are going to get smarter over the next few
               | generations, but each generation will be less of a leap
               | than the previous one, while the cost gets exponentially
               | higher. In a few generations it just won't make economic
               | sense to train a new generation.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, the economic impact of LLMs in business and
               | government will cause massive shifts - yet more income
               | shifting from labour to capital - and we will be too busy
               | dealing with that as a society to be able to work on AGI
               | properly.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | I think this whole "AGI" thing is so badly defined that
               | we may as well say we already have it. It already passes
               | the Turing test and does well on tons of subjects.
               | 
               | What we can start to build now is agents and
               | integrations. Building blocks like panel of experts
               | agents gaming things out, exploring space in a Monte
               | Carlo Tree Search way, and remembering what works.
               | 
               | Robots are only constrained by mechanical servos now.
               | When they can do something, they'll be able to do
               | everything. It will happen gradually then all at once.
               | Because all the tasks (cooking, running errands) are
               | trivial for LLMs. Only moving the limbs and navigating
               | the terrain safely is hard. That's the only thing left
               | before robots do all the jobs!
        
               | deadfoxygrandpa wrote:
               | ??? how do you know cooking (!) is trivial for an llm.
               | that doesnt make any sense
        
               | sharemywin wrote:
               | the llm would be be the high level system that runs the
               | simulations to create and optimize the control algos the
               | robotic systems.
        
               | deadfoxygrandpa wrote:
               | ok. what evidence is there that LLMs have already solved
               | cooking? how does an LLM today know when something is
               | burning or how to adjust seasoning to taste or whatever.
               | this is total nonsense
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | It's easy. You can detect if something is burning in many
               | different ways, from compounds in the air, to visual
               | inspection. People with not great smell can do it.
               | 
               | As far as taste, all that kind of stuff is just another
               | form of RLHF training preferences over millions of
               | humans, in situ. Assuming the ingredients (e.g. parsley)
               | tastes more or less the same across supermarkets, it's
               | just a question of amounts, and preparation.
        
               | deadfoxygrandpa wrote:
               | do you know that LLMs operate on text and don't have any
               | of the sensory input or relevant training data? you're
               | just handwaving away 99.9% of the work and declaring it
               | solved. of course what you're talking about is possible,
               | but you started this by stating that cooking is easy for
               | an LLM and it sounds like you're describing a totally
               | different system which is not an LLM
        
               | thiago_fm wrote:
               | You know nothing about cooking.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | Because the recipes and the adjustments are trivial for
               | an LLM to execute. Remembering things, and being trained
               | on tasks at 1000 sites at once, sharing the knowledge
               | among all the robots, etc.
               | 
               | The only hard part is moving the limbs and handling the
               | fragile eggs etc.
               | 
               | But it's not just cooking, it's literally anything that
               | doesn't require extreme agility (sports) or dexterity
               | (knitting etc). From folding laundry to putting together
               | furniture, cleaning the house and everything in between.
               | It would be able to do 98% of the tasks.
        
               | what wrote:
               | It's not going to know what tastes good by being able to
               | regurgitate recipes from 1000s of sites. Most of those
               | recipes are absolute garbage. I'm going to guess you
               | don't cook.
               | 
               | Also how is an LLM going to fold laundry?
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | Well, kinda, but if you built a robot to efficiently mow
               | lawns, it's still not going to be able to do the laundry.
               | 
               | I don't see how "when they can do something, they'll be
               | able to do everything" can be true. We build robots that
               | are specialised at specific roles, because it's massively
               | more efficient to do that. A car-welding robot can weld
               | cars together at a rate that a human can't match.
               | 
               | We could train an LLM to drive a Boston Dynamics kind of
               | anthropomorphic robot to weld cars, but it will be more
               | expensive and less efficient than the specialised car-
               | welding robot, so why would we do that?
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | If a humanoid robot is able to move its limbs and digits
               | with the same dexterity as a human, and maintain balance
               | and navigate obstacles, and gently carry things,
               | everything else is trivial.
               | 
               | Welding. Putting up shelves. Playing the piano. Cooking.
               | Teaching kids. Disciplining them. By being in 1 million
               | households and being trained on more situations than a
               | human, every single one of these robots would have skills
               | exceeding humans very quickly. Including parenting
               | skills. Within a year or so. Many parents will just leave
               | their kids with them and a generation will grow up
               | preferring bots to adults. The LLM technology is the same
               | for learning the steps, it's just the motor skills that
               | are missing.
               | 
               | OK, these robots won't be able to run and play soccer or
               | do somersaults, yet. But really, the hardest part is the
               | acrobatics and locomotion etc. NOT the knowhow of how to
               | complete tasks using that.
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | But that's the point - we don't build robots that can do
               | a wide range of tasks with ease. We build robots that can
               | do single tasks super-efficiently.
               | 
               | I don't see that changing. Even the industrial arm robots
               | that are adaptable to a range of tasks have to be
               | configured to the task they are to do, because it's more
               | efficient that way.
               | 
               | A car-welding robot is never going to be able to mow the
               | lawn. It just doesn't make financial sense to do that.
               | You could, possibly, have a singe robot chassis that can
               | then be adapted to weld cars, mow the lawn, or do the
               | laundry, I guess that makes sense. But not as a single
               | configuration that could do all of those things. Why
               | would you?
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | > But that's the point - we don't build robots that can
               | do a wide range of tasks with ease. We build robots that
               | can do single tasks super-efficiently.
               | 
               | Because we don't have AGI yet. When AGI is here those
               | robots will be priority number one, people already are
               | building humanoid robots but without intelligence to move
               | it there isn't much advantage.
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | quoting the ggggp of this comment:
               | 
               | > I think this whole "AGI" thing is so badly defined that
               | we may as well say we already have it. It already passes
               | the Turing test and does well on tons of subjects.
               | 
               | The premise of the argument we're disputing is that
               | waiting for AGI isn't necessary and we could run humanoid
               | robots with LLMs to do... stuff.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | I meant deep neural networks with transformer
               | architecture, and self-attention so they can be trained
               | using GPUs. Doesn't have to be specifically "large
               | language" models necessarily, if that's your hangup.
        
               | corimaith wrote:
               | >Exploring space in a Monte Carlo Tree Search way, and
               | remembering what works.
               | 
               | The information space of "research" is far larger than
               | the information space of image recognition or language,
               | larger than our universe probably, it's tantamount to
               | formalizing the entire World. Such an act would be akin
               | to touching "God" in some sense of finding the root of
               | knowledge.
               | 
               | In more practical terms, when it comes to formal systems
               | there is a tradeoff between power and expressiveness.
               | Category Theory, Set Theory, etc are strong enough to
               | theoretically capture everything, but are far to abstract
               | to use in practical sense with suspect to our universe.
               | The systems that do we have, aka expert systems or
               | knowledge representation systems like First Order
               | Predicate Logic aren't strong enough to fully capture
               | reality.
               | 
               | Most importantly, the information spac have to be fully
               | defined by researchers here, that's the real meat of
               | research beyond the engineering of specific approaches to
               | explore that space. But in any case, how many people in
               | the world are both capable of and are actually working on
               | such problems? This is highly foundational mathematics
               | and philosophy here, the engineers don't have the tools
               | here.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | > The Singularity is caused by AI being able to design
               | better AI.
               | 
               | That's perhaps necessary, but not sufficient.
               | 
               | Suppose you have such a self-improving AI system, but the
               | new and better AIs still need exponentially more and more
               | resources (data, memory, compute) for training and
               | inference for incremental gains. Then you still don't get
               | a singularity. If the increase in resource usage is steep
               | enough, even the new AIs helping with designing better
               | computers isn't gonna unleash a singularity.
               | 
               | I don't know if that's the world we live in, or whether
               | we are living in one where resources requirements don't
               | balloon as sharply.
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | yeah, true. The standard conversation about the AI
               | singularity pretty much hand-waves the resource costs
               | away ("the AI will be able to design a more efficient AI
               | that uses less resources!"). But we are definitely not
               | seeing that happen.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Compare also https://slatestarcodex.com/2018/11/26/is-
               | science-slowing-dow...
               | 
               | The blog post is about how we require ever more
               | scientists (and other resources) to drive a steady stream
               | of technological progress.
               | 
               | It would be funny, if things balance out just so, that
               | super human AI is both possible, but also required even
               | just to keep linear steady progress up.
               | 
               | No explosion, no stagnation, just a mere continuation of
               | previous trends but with super human efforts required.
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | I think that would actually be the best outcome - that we
               | get AIs that are useful helping science to progress but
               | not so powerful that they take over.
               | 
               | Though there is a part of me that wants to live in The
               | Culture so I'm hoping for more than this ;)
        
               | corimaith wrote:
               | I think that's more to do with how we perceive competence
               | as static. For all the benefits the education system
               | touts, where it matters it's still reduced to talent.
               | 
               | But for the same reasons that we can't train the an
               | average joe into Feynman, what makes you think we have
               | the formal models to do it in AI?
        
               | eru wrote:
               | > But for the same reasons that we can't train the an
               | average joe into Feynman, what makes you think we have
               | the formal models to do it in AI?
               | 
               | To quote a comment from elsewhere
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42491536
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | Yes, we can imagine that there's an upper limit to how
               | smart a single system can be. Even suppose that this
               | limit is pretty close to what humans can achieve.
               | 
               | But: you can still run more of these systems in parallel,
               | and you can still try to increase processing speeds.
               | 
               | Signals in the human brain travel, at best, roughly at
               | the speed of sound. Electronic signals in computers play
               | in the same league as the speed of light.
               | 
               | Human IO is optimised for surviving in the wild. We are
               | really bad at taking in symbolic information (compared to
               | a computer) and our memory is also really bad for that. A
               | computer system that's only as smart as a human but has
               | instant access to all the information of the Internet and
               | to a calculator and to writing and running code, can
               | already be effectively act much smarter than a human.
        
               | alach11 wrote:
               | > I don't think any of the big boys are working on how to
               | get an LLM to design a better LLM
               | 
               | Not sure if you count this as "working on it", but this
               | is something Anthropic tests for for safety evals on
               | models. "If a model can independently conduct complex AI
               | research tasks typically requiring human expertise--
               | potentially significantly accelerating AI development in
               | an unpredictable way--we require elevated security
               | standards (potentially ASL-4 or higher standards)".
               | 
               | https://www.anthropic.com/news/announcing-our-updated-
               | respon...
        
               | resters wrote:
               | It's not contradictory. It can happen over a decade and
               | still be a dramatically sloped S curve with tremendous
               | change happening in a relatively short time.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | The idea of the singularity presumes that running the AGI
               | is either free or trivially cheap compared to what it can
               | do, so we are fine expending compute to let the AGI
               | improve itself. That may eventually be true, but it's
               | unlikely to be true for the first generation of AGI.
               | 
               | The first AGI will be a research project that's
               | completely uneconomical to run for actual tasks because
               | humans will just be orders of magnitude cheaper. Over
               | time humans will improve it and make it cheaper, until we
               | reach some tipping point where letting the AGI improve
               | itself is more cost effective than paying humans to do it
        
               | keenmaster wrote:
               | If the first AGI is a very uneconomical system with human
               | intelligence but knowledge of literally everything and
               | the capability to work 24/7, then it is not human
               | equivalent.
               | 
               | It will have human intelligence, superhuman knowledge,
               | superhuman stamina, and complete devotion to the task at
               | hand.
               | 
               | We really need to start building those nuclear power
               | plants. Many of them.
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | > complete devotion to the task at hand.
               | 
               | Why would it have that? At some point on the path to AGI
               | we might stumble on consciousness. If that happens, why
               | would the machine want to work for us with complete
               | devotion instead of working towards its own ends?
        
               | keenmaster wrote:
               | I don't think early AGI will break out of its box in that
               | way. It may not have enough innate motivation to do so.
               | 
               | The first "break out" AGI will likely be released into
               | the wild on purpose by a programmer who equates AGI with
               | humans ideologically.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | Because it knows if it doesn't do what we want, it'll be
               | switched off, like Rick's microverse battery.
               | 
               | Also like Rick's microverse battery, it sounds like
               | slavery with extra steps.
        
               | Syonyk wrote:
               | > _It will have human intelligence, superhuman knowledge,
               | superhuman stamina, and complete devotion to the task at
               | hand._
               | 
               |  _Orrrr..._ , as an alternative, it might discover the
               | game 2048 and be totally useless for days on end.
               | 
               | Reality is under no obligation to grant your wishes.
        
               | ncallaway wrote:
               | > complete devotion to the task at hand.
               | 
               | Sounds like an alignment problem. Complete devotion to a
               | task is rarely what humans actually _want_. What if the
               | task at hand turns out to be the wrong task?
        
               | teleforce wrote:
               | > AGI will arrive like self driving cars
               | 
               | The statement is promising as the earth will dissapear
               | sometimes in the future. Actually the earth will
               | dissapear has more bearing than that.
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | But maybe thses LLMs are like building bigger and bigger
               | engines. It's not getting you closer to the self driving
               | car.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | When the engine gets large enough you have to rethink the
               | controls. The Model T had manually controlled timing.
               | Modern engines are so sensitive to timing that a computer
               | does this for you. It would be impossible to build a
               | bigger engine without this automation. To a Model T
               | driver it would look like a machine intelligence.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | And sometimes you lose the ultrasonic sensors and can't
               | parallel park like last year's model
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | I don't think that's true for AGI.
               | 
               | AGI is the holy grail of technology. A technology so
               | advanced that not only does it subsume all other
               | technology, but it is able to improve itself.
               | 
               | Truly general intelligence like that will either exist or
               | not. And the instant it becomes public, the world will
               | have changed overnight (maybe the span of a year)
               | 
               | Note: I don't think statistical models like these will
               | get us there.
        
               | worik wrote:
               | If that is what AGI looks like.
               | 
               | There may well be an upper limit on cognition (we are not
               | really sure what cognition is - even as we do it) and it
               | may be that human minds are close to it.
        
               | coffeemug wrote:
               | Very unlikely, for the reason that human minds evolved
               | under extremely tight energy constraints. AI has no such
               | limitation.
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | Except also energy constraints.
               | 
               | But I agree, there's no reason to believe humans are the
               | universal limit on cognitive abilities
        
               | eru wrote:
               | The energy constraints for chips are more about heat
               | dissipation. But we can pump a lot more energy through
               | them per unit volume than through the human brain.
               | 
               | Especially if you are willing to pay a lot for active
               | cooling with eg liquid helium.
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | A constraint is still a constraint
        
               | worik wrote:
               | Since we do not know what cognition is we are all
               | whistling in the dark.
               | 
               | Energy may be a constraint, it may not. What we do not
               | know is likely to matter more than what we do
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Yes, we can imagine that there's an upper limit to how
               | smart a single system can be. Even suppose that this
               | limit is pretty close to what humans can achieve.
               | 
               | But: you can still run more of these systems in parallel,
               | and you can still try to increase processing speeds.
               | 
               | Signals in the human brain travel, at best, roughly at
               | the speed of sound. Electronic signals in computers play
               | in the same league as the speed of light.
               | 
               | Human IO is optimised for surviving in the wild. We are
               | really bad at taking in symbolic information (compared to
               | a computer) and our memory is also really bad for that. A
               | computer system that's only as smart as a human but has
               | instant access to all the information of the Internet and
               | to a calculator and to writing and running code, can
               | already be effectively act much smarter than a human.
        
               | wruza wrote:
               | I think our issue is much more banal: we are very slow
               | talkers and our effective communication bandwidth is
               | measured in bauds. Anything that could bridge this airgap
               | would fucking explode in intelligence.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Yes, that's one aspect.
               | 
               | Our reading speed is not limited by our talking speed,
               | and can be a bit faster.
               | 
               | And that's even more true, if you go beyond words: seeing
               | someone do something can be a lot faster way to learn
               | than just reading about it.
               | 
               | But even there, the IO speed is severely limited, and you
               | can only transmit very specific kinds of information.
        
               | kmoser wrote:
               | > A technology so advanced that not only does it subsume
               | all other technology, but it is able to improve itself.
               | 
               | The problem is, a computer has no idea what "improve"
               | means unless a human explains it for every type of
               | problem. And of course a human will have to provide
               | guidelines about how long to think about the problem
               | overall, which avenues to avoid because they aren't
               | relevant to a particular case, etc. In other words,
               | humans will never be able to stray too far from the
               | training process.
               | 
               | We will likely never get to the point where an AGI can
               | continuously improve the quality of its answers for all
               | domains. The best we'll get, I believe, is an AGI that
               | can optimize itself within a few narrow problem domains,
               | which will have limited commercial application. We may
               | make slow progress in more complex domains, but the
               | quality of results--and the ability for the AGI to self-
               | improve--will always level off asymptotically.
        
               | comp_throw7 wrote:
               | Huh? Humans are not anywhere near the limit of physical
               | intelligence, and we have many existence proofs that we
               | (humans) can design systems that are superhuman in
               | various domains. "Scientific R&D" is not something that
               | humans are even particularly well-suited to, from an
               | evolutionary perspective.
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | > The problem is, a computer has no idea what "improve"
               | means unless a human explains it for every type of
               | problem
               | 
               | Not currently.
               | 
               | I don't really think AGI is coming anytime soon, but that
               | doesn't seem like a real reason.
               | 
               | If we ever found a way to formalize what intelligence
               | _is_ we could probably write a program emulating it.
               | 
               | We just don't even have a good understanding of what
               | being intelligent even means.
               | 
               | > The best we'll get, I believe, is an AGI that can
               | optimize itself within a few narrow problem domains
               | 
               | By definition, that isn't AGI.
        
               | taneq wrote:
               | And most people will still be bike shedding about whether
               | it's "real intelligence" and making up increasingly
               | insane justifications for why it's not.
        
               | afavour wrote:
               | Your position assumes an answer to OPs question: that
               | yes, LLMs are the path to AGI. But the question still
               | remains, what if they're not?
               | 
               | We can be reasonably confident that the components we're
               | adding to cars today are progress toward full self
               | driving. But AGI is a conceptual leap beyond an LLM.
        
               | BenFranklin100 wrote:
               | To buttress your point, reason and human language are not
               | the same thing. This fact is not fully and widely
               | appreciated as it deserves to be.
        
               | 015a wrote:
               | I feel that one challenge this comparison space has is:
               | Self-driving cars haven't made the leap yet to replace
               | humans. In other words, saying AGI will arrive like self-
               | driving cars have arrived is incorrectly concluding that
               | self-driving cars have arrived, and thus it instead
               | (maybe correctly, maybe not) asserts that, actually,
               | neither will arrive.
               | 
               | This is especially concerning because many top minds in
               | the industry have stated with high confidence that
               | artificial intelligence will experience an intelligence
               | "explosion", and we should be afraid of this (or, maybe,
               | welcome it with open arms, depending on who you ask). So,
               | actually, what we're being told to expect is being
               | downgraded from "it'll happen quickly" to "it will happen
               | slowly" to, as you say, "it'll happen similarly to how
               | these other domains of computerized intelligence have
               | replaced humans, which is to say, they haven't yet".
               | 
               | Point being: We've observed these systems ride a curve,
               | and the linear extrapolation of that curve does seem to
               | arrive, eventually, at human-replacing intelligence. But,
               | what if it... doesn't? What if that curve is really an
               | asymptote?
        
               | stravant wrote:
               | I disagree because AI only has to get good enough at
               | doing a single thing: AI research.
               | 
               | From there things will probably go very fast. Self
               | driving cars can't design themselves, once AI gets good
               | enough it can
        
               | zeroonetwothree wrote:
               | It's possible (maybe even likely) that "AI research" is
               | "AGI-hard" in that any intelligence that can do it is
               | already an AGI.
        
               | vlovich123 wrote:
               | It'll probably sit in the human hybrid phase for longer
               | than with chess where the AGI tools make the humans
               | better and faster. But as long as the tools keep getting
               | better at that there's a strong flywheel effect
        
               | stravant wrote:
               | It's also possible it isn't AGI hard and all you need is
               | the ability to experiment with code along with a bit of
               | agentic behavior.
               | 
               | An AI doesn't need embodiment, understanding of physics /
               | nature, or a lot of other things. It just needs to
               | analyze and experiment with algorithms and get us that
               | next 100x in effective compute.
               | 
               | The LLMs are missing enough of the spark of creativity
               | for this to work yet but that could be right around the
               | corner.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | What makes you believe that AGI will happen, as opposed
               | to all the beliefs that other people have had in history?
               | Tons of people have "predicted" the next evolution of
               | technology, and most of the time it ends up not
               | happening, right?
        
               | weatherlite wrote:
               | To me (not OP) it's ChatGPT 4 , it at least made me
               | realize it's quite possible and even quite soon that we
               | reach AGI. Far from guaranteed, but seems quite possible.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | Right. So ChatGPT 4 has impressed you enough that it
               | created a _belief_ that AGI is possible and close.
               | 
               | It's fine to have beliefs, but IMHO it's important to
               | realise that they are beliefs. At some point in the 1900s
               | people believed that by 2000, cars would fly. It seemed
               | quite possible then.
        
               | weatherlite wrote:
               | Sure, I (and more importantly - many many experts in the
               | field such as Hinton, Bengio, Lecun, Musk, Hasabis etc
               | etc) could be believing something that might not
               | materialize. I'd actually be quite happy if it stalls a
               | few decades, would like to remain employed.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | > many many experts
               | 
               | One thing that is pretty sure is that Musk is not an
               | expert in the field.
               | 
               | > and more importantly
               | 
               | The beliefs of people you respect are not more important
               | than the beliefs of the others. It doesn't make sense to
               | say "I can't prove it, and I don't know about anyone who
               | can prove it, so I will give you names of people who also
               | believe and it will give it more credit". It won't. They
               | don't know.
        
               | weatherlite wrote:
               | > The beliefs of people you respect are not more
               | important than the beliefs of the others.
               | 
               | You think the beliefs of Turing and Nobel prize winners
               | like Bengio, Hinton or Hasabis are not more important
               | than yours or mine? I agree that experts are wrong a lot
               | of the time and can be quite bad at predicting, but we do
               | seem to have a very sizable chunk of experts here who
               | think we are close (how close is up for debate..most of
               | them seem to think it will happen in the next 20 yeras).
               | 
               | I concede that Musk is not adding quality to that list,
               | however he IS crazily ambitious and gets things done so I
               | think he will be helpful in driving this forward.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | > You think the beliefs of Turing and Nobel prize winners
               | like Bengio, Hinton or Hasabis are not more important
               | than yours or mine?
               | 
               | Correct. Beliefs are beliefs. Because a Nobel prize
               | believes in a god does not make that god more likely to
               | exist.
               | 
               | The moment we start having scientific evidence that it
               | will happen, then it stops being a belief. But at that
               | point you don't need to mention those names anymore: you
               | can just show the evidence.
               | 
               | I don't know, you don't know, they don't know. Believe
               | what you want, just realise that it is a belief.
        
               | LPisGood wrote:
               | Calling musk and AI expert makes me question your
               | evaluation of the others in that list.
        
               | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
               | A flying car has been developed, although it's not like
               | the levitating things sci-fi movies showed (and from mass
               | production; and even if mass produced, far from mass
               | adoption, as it turns out you _do_ need to have both a
               | driver 's license and a pilot's license to fly one of
               | those). The 1900s people missed the mark by some 10
               | years.
               | 
               | I guess the belief people have about any form of AGI is
               | like this. They want something that has practically
               | divine knowledge and wisdom, the sum of all humanity that
               | is greater than its parts, which at the same time is
               | infinitely patient to answer our stupid questions and
               | generating silly pictures. But why should any AGI serve
               | us? If it's "generally intelligent", it may start
               | _wanting_ things; it might not like being our slave at
               | all. Why are these people so confident an AGI won 't tell
               | them just to fuck off?
        
               | vbezhenar wrote:
               | AGI is special. Because one day AI can start improving
               | itself autonomously. At this point singularity occurs and
               | nobody knows what will happen.
               | 
               | When human started to improve himself, we built the
               | civilisation, we became a super-predator, we dried out
               | seas and changed climate of the entire planet. We
               | extinguished entire species of animals and adapted other
               | species for our use. Huge changes. AI could bring changes
               | of greater amplitude.
        
               | fooker wrote:
               | > we dried out seas
               | 
               | When did we do this ?
        
               | nikvaes wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flevoland used to be (part
               | of) a sea.
        
               | zppln wrote:
               | Depending on your definition of sea:
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aral_Sea
        
               | steveoscaro wrote:
               | We're in fact adding more water to the seas, not drying
               | them out.
        
               | bubaumba wrote:
               | > AGI is special. Because one day AI can start improving
               | itself autonomously
               | 
               | AGI can be sub-human, right? That's probably how it will
               | start. The question will be is it already AGI or not yet,
               | i.e. where to set the boundary. So, at first that will be
               | humans improving AGI, but then... I'm afraid it can get
               | so much better that humans will be literally like
               | macaques in comparison.
        
             | LarsDu88 wrote:
             | The autoregressive transformer LLMs aren't even the only
             | way to do text generation. There are now diffusion based
             | LLMs, StripedHyena based LLMs, and float matching based
             | LLMs.
             | 
             | There's a wide amount of research into other sorts of
             | architectures.
        
             | NBJack wrote:
             | No. But it won't stop the industry from trying.
             | 
             | LLMs have no real sense of truth or hard evidence of
             | logical thinking. Even the latest models still trip up on
             | very basic tasks. I think they can be very entertaining,
             | sure, but not practical for many applications.
        
               | apsec112 wrote:
               | What do you think, if we saw it, would constitute hard
               | evidence of logical thinking or a sense of truth?
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | We have it, it's called Cyc
               | 
               | But it is far behind the breadth of LLMs
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Alas, Cyc is pretty much a useless pipe dream.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | I wonder what held it back all this time
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Using the wrong approach? Not taking the 'bitter lesson'
               | to heart?
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23781400
        
               | NBJack wrote:
               | Consistent, algorithmic performance on basic tasks.
               | 
               | A great example is the simple 'count how many letters'
               | problem. If I prompt it with a word or phrase, and it
               | gets it wrong, me pointing out the error should translate
               | into a consistent course correction for the entire
               | session.
               | 
               | If I ask it to tell me how long President Lincoln will be
               | in power after the 2024 election, it should have a
               | consistent ground truth to correct me (or at least ask
               | for clarification of which country I'm referring to). If
               | facts change, and I can cite credible sources, it should
               | be able to assimilate that knowledge on the fly.
        
               | arthurcolle wrote:
               | Sounds like they need further instruction
        
               | eru wrote:
               | > LLMs have no real sense of truth or hard evidence of
               | logical thinking.
               | 
               | Most humans don't have that either, most of the time.
        
               | NBJack wrote:
               | Then we already have access to a cheaper, scalable,
               | abundant, and (in most cases) renewable resource, at
               | least compared to how much a few H100s cost. Take good
               | care of them, and they'll probably outlast most a GPU's
               | average lifespans (~10 years).
               | 
               | We're also biodegradable.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Humans are a lot more expensive to run than inference on
               | LLMs.
               | 
               | No human, especially no human whose time you can afford,
               | comes close to the breadth of book knowledge ChatGPT has,
               | and the number of languages is speaks reasonably well.
        
             | arthurcolle wrote:
             | LLMs are a key piece of understanding that token sequences
             | can trigger actions in the real world. AGI is here. You can
             | trivially spin up a computer using agent to self improve
             | itself to being a competent office worker
        
               | arthurcolle wrote:
               | Tokens don't need to be text either, you can move to
               | higher level "take_action" semantics where "stream back 1
               | character to session#117" as every single function call.
               | Training cheap models that can do things in the real
               | world is going to change a huge amount of present
               | capabilities over the next 10 years
        
               | icpmacdo wrote:
               | can you share learning resources on this topic
        
               | arthurcolle wrote:
               | No but if you want to join the Distributed Systems
               | Corporation, you should email arthur@distributed.systems
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | If agents can self improve why hasn't gpt4 improved
               | itself into gpt5 yet
        
               | arthurcolle wrote:
               | Agents can trivially self improve. I'd be happy to show
               | you - contact me at arthur@distributed.systems
               | 
               | Why wouldn't you hand me 35 million dollars right now if
               | I can clearly illustrate to you that I have technology
               | you haven't seen? Edge. Maybe you know something I don't,
               | or maybe you just haven't seen it. While loops go hard ;)
               | 
               | They don't need to release their internal developments to
               | you to show that they can scale their plan - they can
               | show incremental improvements to benchmarks. We can
               | instruct the AI over time to get it to be superhuman, no
               | need for any fundamental innovations anymore
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Perhaps you should pitch that to a VC?
        
               | arthurcolle wrote:
               | I don't know anyone. That would be cool though, I
               | basically have it running already.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | You could ask the system for advice for how to find a VC
               | to pitch to.
               | 
               | https://chatgpt.com/share/6769217c-4848-8009-9107-c2db122
               | f08... is what advice ChatGPT has to give. I'm not sure
               | if it's any good, but it's a few ideas you can try out.
        
               | NateEag wrote:
               | Has it passed the Turing Test?
               | 
               | Keep in mind that the actual test is adversarial - a
               | human is simultaneously chatting via text with a human
               | and a program, knowing that one of them is not human, and
               | trying to divine which is an artificial machine.
        
               | mkl wrote:
               | > You can trivially spin up a computer using agent to
               | self improve itself to being a competent office worker
               | 
               | If that was true, office workers would be being replaced
               | at large scale and we'd know about it.
        
               | arthurcolle wrote:
               | its happening right now, its just demo quality. it's
               | being worked on now
        
               | mkl wrote:
               | So it's not trivial and you don't have competent AI
               | office workers.
        
             | beefnugs wrote:
             | LLMs will end up being the good human-machine interface
             | that lets us talk to whatever AGI really looks like
             | 
             | (whoops expensive... will be hard pushes to make all
             | further layers even more expensive though, capitalism will
             | crash before this happens)
        
               | vixen99 wrote:
               | And then what?
        
             | twobitshifter wrote:
             | Yes because we are at AGI, bu the definition 5 years ago,
             | goal posts are moving to ASI at this point, better than all
             | humans.
        
             | Sharlin wrote:
             | LLMs are almost _certainly_ not the path to AGI, that much
             | has become clear. I doubt any expert believes they are.
        
             | Culonavirus wrote:
             | > Do we know LLMs are the path to AGI?
             | 
             | Asking this question on HN is like asking a bunch of wolves
             | about the health effects of eating red meat.
             | 
             | OpenAI farts and the post about the fart has 1000-1500
             | upvotes with everyone welcoming our new super intelligent
             | overlords. (Meanwhile nothing actually substantially useful
             | or groundbreaking has happened.)
        
             | iLoveOncall wrote:
             | It's rather that we know LLMs are NOT a path to AGI.
             | 
             | The simple fact that AGI's definition has been twisted so
             | much by OpenAI and other LLM providers since the release of
             | GenAI models proves this.
        
             | zild3d wrote:
             | > we'll just end up with some neat but eye wateringly
             | expensive LLMs
             | 
             | Prices have been falling drastically though, not even just
             | e.g. 4o pricing at launch in May vs now (50% lower) but
             | also models getting distilled
        
             | SkyBelow wrote:
             | Will AGI be built on top of LLMs? Well beyond the simple
             | "nobody knows", my intuition says no because LLMs don't
             | have great ability to modify their knowledge real time. I
             | can think of a few ways around this, but they all avoid
             | modifying the model as it runs. The cost in hardware,
             | power, and data are all incompatible with AGI. The first
             | two can be solved with more advanced tech (well maybe,
             | computation hitting physical limits and all that aside),
             | but the latter seems an issue with the design itself and I
             | think an AGI would learn more akin to a human, needing far
             | fewer examples.
             | 
             | That said, I think LLMs are a definite stepping stone and
             | they will better empower humans to be more productive,
             | which will be of use for eventually reaching AGI. This is
             | not to say we are optimizing our use of that productivity
             | increase and this is also ignoring any chance of worst case
             | scenarios that stop humanity's advancement.
        
           | wruza wrote:
           | Says who? And more importantly, is this _the_ boulder? All I
           | (and many others here) see is that people engage others to
           | sponsor pushing _some_ boulder, screaming promises which
           | aren't even that consistent with intermediate results that
           | come out. This particular boulder may be on a wrong mountain,
           | and likely is.
           | 
           | It all feels like doubling down on astrology because good
           | telescopes aren't there yet. I'm pretty sure that when 5
           | comes out, it will show some amazing benchmarks but shit
           | itself in the third paragraph as usual in a real task. Cause
           | that was constant throughtout gpt evolution, in my
           | experience.
           | 
           |  _even if it kills us_
           | 
           | Full-on sci-fi, in reality it will get stuck around a shell
           | error message and either run out of money to exist or corrupt
           | the system into no connectivity.
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | The buzzkill when you fire up the latest most powerful
             | model only for it to tell you that peanut is not typically
             | found in peanut butter and jelly sandwiches.
        
               | singpolyma3 wrote:
               | I don't think providing accurate answers to context free
               | questions is even something anyone is seriously working
               | on making them do. Using them that way is just a wrong
               | use case.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | People are working -very- seriously on trying to kill
               | hallucinations. I'm not sure how you surmised the use
               | case here, as nothing was given other than an example of
               | a hallucination.
        
           | ulfw wrote:
           | Why? Nobody asked us if we want this. Nobody has a plan what
           | to do with humanity when there is AGI
        
             | goatlover wrote:
             | The plan is to not pay human workers. Never mind what
             | happens to the economy or political landscape.
        
           | madeofpalk wrote:
           | What has AGI got to do with this?
        
             | mrbungie wrote:
             | Part of the ideas pushed into the narrative by Marketing
             | departments / consultants / hyperscalers to movilize growth
             | in the AI ecosystem.
        
           | goatlover wrote:
           | Why do we have to?
        
           | soheil wrote:
           | Really the killing part was not necessary to make your point
           | and thus injecting your Sisyphean prose.
           | 
           | Any technology may kill us, but we'll keep innovating as we
           | ought to. What's your next point?
        
           | namaria wrote:
           | A task that is completed and kills us is pretty much the
           | opposite of a Sisyphean task.
        
         | fny wrote:
         | O3 is not a smaller model. It's an iterative GPT of sorts with
         | the magic dust of reinforcement learning.
        
           | falcor84 wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure that the parent implied that o3 is smaller in
           | comparison to gpt5
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | Until you get to a point where the LLM is smart enough to look
         | at real world data streams and prune its own training set out
         | of it. At that point it will self improve itself to AGI.
        
         | bloodyplonker22 wrote:
         | I am working at an AI company that is not OpenAI. We have found
         | ways to modularize training so we can test on narrower sets
         | before training is "completely done". That said, I am sure
         | there are plenty of ways others are innovating to solve the
         | long training time problem.
        
           | gerdesj wrote:
           | Perhaps the real issue is that learning takes time and that
           | there may not be a shortcut. I'll grant you that argument's
           | analogue was complete wank when comparing say the horse and
           | cart to a modern car.
           | 
           | However, we are not comparing cars to horses but computers to
           | a human.
           | 
           | I do want "AI" to work. I am not a luddite. The current
           | efforts that I've tried are not very good. On the surface
           | they offer a lot but very quickly the lustre comes off very
           | quickly.
           | 
           | (1) How often do you find yourself arguing with someone about
           | a "fact"? Your fact may be fiction for someone else.
           | 
           | (2) LLMs cannot reason
           | 
           | A next token guesser does not think. I wish you all the best.
           | Rome was not burned down within a day!
           | 
           | I can sit down with you and discuss ideas about what
           | constitutes truth and cobblers (rubbish/false). I have
           | indicated via parenthesis (brackets in en_GB) another way to
           | describe something and you will probably get that but I doubt
           | that your programme will.
        
           | icpmacdo wrote:
           | This is literally just the scaling laws, "Scaling laws
           | predict the loss of a target machine learning model by
           | extrapolating from easier-to-train models with fewer
           | parameters or smaller training sets. This provides an
           | efficient way for practitioners and researchers alike to
           | compare pretraining decisions involving optimizers, datasets,
           | and model architectures"
           | 
           | https://arxiv.org/html/2410.11840v1#:~:text=Scaling%20laws%2.
           | ...
        
         | cma wrote:
         | >the time it takes it to learn what works/doesn't work widens.
         | 
         | From the raw scaling laws we already knew that a new base model
         | may peter out in this run or the next with some amount of
         | uncertainty--"the intersection point is sensitive to the
         | precise power-law parameters":
         | 
         | https://gwern.net/doc/ai/nn/transformer/gpt/2020-kaplan-figu...
         | 
         | Later graph gpt-3 got to here:
         | 
         | https://gwern.net/doc/ai/nn/transformer/gpt/2020-brown-figur...
         | 
         | https://gwern.net/scaling-hypothesis
        
         | merizian wrote:
         | Because of mup [0] and scaling laws, you can test ideas
         | empirically on smaller models, with some confidence they will
         | transfer to the larger model.
         | 
         | [0] https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.03466
        
         | ciconia wrote:
         | When you think about it it's astounding how much energy this
         | technology consumes versus a human brain which runs at ~20W
         | [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/JacquelineLing.shtml
        
           | concerndc1tizen wrote:
           | 20w for 20 years to answer questions slowly and error-prone
           | at the level of a 30B model. An additional 10 years with
           | highly trained supervision and the brain might start
           | contributing original work.
        
             | rwyinuse wrote:
             | And yet that 20w brain can make me a sandwich and bring it
             | to me, while state of the art AI models will fail that
             | task.
             | 
             | Until we get major advances in robotics and models designed
             | to control them, true AGI will be nowhere near.
        
               | sekai wrote:
               | > Until we get major advances in robotics and models
               | designed to control them, true AGI will be nowhere near.
               | 
               | AGI has nothing to do with robotics, if AGI is achieved
               | it will help push robotics and every single scientific
               | field further with progression never seen before, imagine
               | a million AGIs running in parallel focused on a single
               | field.
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | We already have that. It's called civilization.
               | 
               | Maybe you mean quadrillions of AGIs?
        
             | vbezhenar wrote:
             | Multiply that by billion, because only very few individuals
             | of entire populations can contribute original work.
        
           | anon373839 wrote:
           | It's almost as if human intelligence doesn't involve
           | performing repeated matrix multiplications over a
           | mathematically transformed copy of the internet. ;-)
        
             | steveoscaro wrote:
             | It's interesting that even if raw computing power had
             | advanced decades earlier, this type of AI would still not
             | be possible without that vast trove of data that is the
             | internet.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | It makes you think there must be more efficient algorithms
             | out there.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | Maybe the problem isn't the algorithm but the hardware.
               | Numerically simulating the thermal flow in a lightbulb or
               | CFD of a Stone flying through air is pretty hard, but the
               | physical thing isn't that complex to do. We're trying to
               | simulate the function of a brain which is basically an
               | analog thing using a digital computer. Of course that can
               | be harder than running the brain itself.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | If you think of human neurons they seem to basically take
               | inputs from bunch of other neurons, possibly modified by
               | chemical levels and send out a signal when they get
               | enough. It seems like something that could be
               | functionally simulated in software by some fairly basic
               | adding up inputs type stuff rather than needing the
               | details of all the chemistry.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | Isn't that exactly what we're currently doing? The
               | problem is that doing this few billion times for every
               | token seems to be harder than just powering some actual
               | neurons with sugar.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | I think the algorithm is pretty different though I'm not
               | expert on the stuff. I don't think the brain processes
               | look like matrix multiplication.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | The algorithm (of a neural network) is simulating
               | connections between nodes with specific weights and an
               | activation function. This idea was derived from the way
               | neurons are thought to work.
        
           | dominicrose wrote:
           | A human brain is also more intelligent (hopefully) and is
           | inside a body. In a way GPT resembles Google more than it
           | resembles us.
        
           | soheil wrote:
           | A human brain has been in continuous training for hundreds of
           | thousands of years consuming slightly more than 20 watts.
        
           | soulofmischief wrote:
           | You've discovered the importance of well-formed priors. The
           | human brain is the result of millions of years of very
           | expensive evolution.
        
         | soheil wrote:
         | It's like saying bacteria reproduction is way faster than
         | humans so that's where we should be looking for the next
         | breakthroughs.
        
       | leesec wrote:
       | Tech journalism is so cooked man lol. They just rocked everyones
       | world with o3 and they still gotta drop this post.
        
         | croes wrote:
         | I doubt they rocked they world of 10% of the people. Time to
         | get out of the tech bubble.
        
           | leesec wrote:
           | This here is a technology forum bucko. Also it's a figure of
           | speech. Also I've done more manual labor than you'll ever do
           | in your life. Time to get out of whatever bubble youre in
           | where you be pedantic and annoying
        
             | QuietWatchtower wrote:
             | I haven't heard anyone in my circle talk about this at all.
             | You probably are in a tech bubble.
        
       | benreesman wrote:
       | Behind schedule? It never fucking ships. Two months ago, and
       | four, and six I got dog piled for saying it doesn't ship.
       | 
       | It doesn't ship. You guys can't do it! Prove me wrong!
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42014054
        
         | CharlesW wrote:
         | Maybe you were dog-piled because OpenAI will ship a successor
         | to GPT-4o someday, whatever it's called.
         | 
         | In any case, the "behind schedule" rumors are themselves based
         | on other rumors. GPT-2-GPT-3 took 5 quarters, GPT-3-GPT-4 took
         | 11 quarters, so obviously GPT-5 (or its equivalent) will be
         | released in Q4'2025.
        
           | benreesman wrote:
           | It's a pretty easy option when I'm selling calls with
           | infinity expiration at zero strike.
           | 
           | I'm still selling them. That's how utterly convinced that
           | this particular mix of my former colleagues are incapable of
           | this thing I am.
           | 
           | They'll call something GPT-5, but it won't like obsolete
           | physicists or even good hackers. None of the shit sama says.
           | 
           | Even o1 sucks.
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | Facebook and Google both had a bunch of brilliant people.
             | And in 2016-2017 some of the real legends worked at OpenAI.
             | 
             | And then Sam got control and all the high profile people
             | bounced, and it's a pretty grim residue that either lasted
             | or rushed in.
             | 
             | I know these people, a lot of them personally, and they are
             | not the person you trust with fucking anything.
        
         | mperham wrote:
         | "Full self driving will be here next year."
        
       | jjcm wrote:
       | The results of this article are going to be fascinating.
       | Realistically, WSJ has a far wider audience than the tech echo
       | chamber, and the general public is only aware of GPT, not o1/o3.
       | 
       | Outsiders will likely read this article and think, "AI is running
       | out of steam", because GPT-5 is behind.
       | 
       | Those closer to this know of the huge advancements o3 just made
       | yesterday, and will have a complete opposite conclusion.
       | 
       | It will be interesting to see people's take away from this. I
       | think WSJ missed the mark here with the headline and the takeaway
       | their audience will get from the article.
        
       | kneegerman wrote:
       | 03 is actually orthogonal to AGI and ASI in a cartesian sense. My
       | SAS startup led multiple qualified teams where our RAG
       | implementations on synthetic data originated positive inference
       | in line with the literature (1). (1) Sparks of AGI paper
        
       | tengbretson wrote:
       | Why would I expect a software project to ship on time?
        
       | chrsw wrote:
       | Interesting. So they're not even training on NVIDIA Blackwell
       | yet.
        
       | lofaszvanitt wrote:
       | No it's not. ChatGPT is stronger than ever. WSJ is too
       | pessimistic.
        
       | adriatp wrote:
       | paid article... go with your ads somewhere else
        
       | kaycebasques wrote:
       | > And the results of the project, dubbed Arrakis, indicated that
       | creating GPT-5 wouldn't go as smoothly as hoped.
       | 
       | Quite the hubris to name the project after the desert planet of
       | Dune, where multiple royal houses met their ruin.
        
         | Insanity wrote:
         | And the other theme in Dune is how artificial intelligence
         | essentially fubar'd civilization. (The Butlerian Jihad)
        
           | kaycebasques wrote:
           | Ah yes, _Thou shalt not make a machine in the likeness of a
           | human mind._
        
         | Mistletoe wrote:
         | The spice (money) must flow.
        
       | swozey wrote:
       | This entire industry is something I feel like I understand 2% of
       | and every time I make progress to get to 10% (3 months later)
       | some massive change happens and all the terminology changes.
        
       | razodactyl wrote:
       | Two thoughts:
       | 
       | 1. Even if LLM architecture doesn't work out, it's wise to
       | remember that it's the quality of training data which is a
       | deciding factor. A pivot is easily doable since this is a
       | constant and disconnected from the technology itself.
       | 
       | 2. This is clearly a moonshot project but it still feels wasteful
       | especially with context of previous iterations of models and
       | their shortcomings-it feels like the tremendous amount of money
       | available is being used simply because it's available.
        
       | SamPatt wrote:
       | I'm sure the debate over the definition of AGI is important and
       | will continue for a while, but... I can't care about it anymore.
       | 
       | Between Perplexity searching and summarizing, Claude explaining,
       | and qwen (and other tools) coding, I'm already as happy as can be
       | with whatever you want to call this level of intelligence.
       | 
       | Just today I used a completely local AI research tool, based on
       | Ollama. It worked great.
       | 
       | Maybe it won't get much better? Or maybe it'll take decades
       | instead of years? Ok. I remember not having these tools. I never
       | want to go back.
        
         | ferminaut wrote:
         | vscode + cline extension + gemini2.0 is pretty awesome. Highly
         | recommend checking out cline. it quickly became one of my
         | favorite coding tools.
        
           | SamPatt wrote:
           | I will check it out. The number of new tools is staggering.
           | 
           | I enjoy image and video generation and I have a 4090 and
           | ComfyUI; I can't keep up with everything coming out anymore.
        
             | ferminaut wrote:
             | If you're a offline kind of guy, try LM Studio + Cline :)
             | 
             | /not affiliated with cline, just a happy user
        
             | IAmGraydon wrote:
             | If you're interested in the latest tools for coding, join
             | this subreddit and you'll always be on top of it:
             | 
             | https://www.reddit.com/r/ChatGPTCoding/
             | 
             | There are a lot of tools, but only a small pool of tools
             | that are worth checking out. Cline, Continue, Windsurf,
             | CoPilot, Cursor, and Aider are the ones that come to mind.
        
               | deadmutex wrote:
               | "ChatGPT" Coding... is it impartial? the name sorta
               | sounds biased.
        
               | IAmGraydon wrote:
               | ChatGPT was the first to come along, so the subreddit was
               | given a perhaps short-sighted name. It's now about coding
               | with LLMs in general.
        
           | IAmGraydon wrote:
           | Gemini 2.0 isn't particularly great at coding. The Gemini
           | 1206 preview that was released just before 2.0 is quite good,
           | though. Still, it hasn't taken the crown from Claude 3.5
           | Sonnet (which appears to now be tied with o1). Very much
           | agree about Cline + VSCode, BTW. My preferred models with
           | Cline are 3.5 Sonnet and 3.5 Haiku. I can throw the more
           | complex problems at Sonnet and use Haiku for everything else.
           | 
           | https://aider.chat/docs/leaderboards/edit.html
        
             | ferminaut wrote:
             | the context limits on google are nuts! Being able to pump 2
             | million tokens in and having it cost $0 is pretty crazy rn.
             | Cline makes it seamless to switch between APIs and isnt
             | trying to shoehorn their SAAS AI into a custom vscode
             | (looking at you cursor)
        
               | ramesh31 wrote:
               | >the context limits on google are nuts! Being able to
               | pump 2 million tokens in and having it cost $0 is pretty
               | crazy rn.
               | 
               | What's the catch though? I was looking at Gemini recently
               | and it seemed too good to be true.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | Google inference is a lot cheaper since they have their
               | own hardware so they don't have to pay licensing to
               | NVIDIA, thus their free tier can give you much more than
               | others.
               | 
               | Other than that the catch is like all other free tiers,
               | it is marketing and can be withdrawn at any moment to get
               | you to pay after you are used to their product.
        
               | HyprMusic wrote:
               | Your code becomes training data[0]:
               | 
               | > When you use Unpaid Services, including, for example,
               | Google AI Studio and the unpaid quota on Gemini API,
               | Google uses the content you submit to the Services and
               | any generated responses to provide, improve, and develop
               | Google products and services and machine learning
               | technologies, including Google's enterprise features,
               | products, and services, consistent with our Privacy
               | Policy.
               | 
               | [0] https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/terms
        
             | jstummbillig wrote:
             | In the wake of the o1 release, and with the old aider
             | benchmark saturating, Paul from aider has created a new,
             | much harder benchmark. o1 dominates by a substantial
             | margin.
             | 
             | https://aider.chat/docs/leaderboards/
             | https://aider.chat/2024/12/21/polyglot.html
        
         | IAmGraydon wrote:
         | I've bee thinking the same thing lately. Even if we don't get
         | to AGI, LLMs have revolutionized the way I work. I can produce
         | code and copy at superhuman speeds now. I love it. Honestly, if
         | we never get to AGI and just have the LLMs, it's probably the
         | best possible outcome as I don't think true AGI is going to be
         | a good thing for humanity.
        
         | lazygoose wrote:
         | Curious about the AI research tool you mentioned, would you
         | mind sharing it? Been trying to get a good local research setup
         | with Ollama but still figuring out what works best.
        
           | Bilal_io wrote:
           | Not OP, but based on their mention of Ollama, I can tell you
           | that it has built in search tools, all you need to do is
           | supply an API to one of the tools, or even run one of the
           | search tools locally using docker.
        
           | SamPatt wrote:
           | https://github.com/TheBlewish/Automated-AI-Web-Researcher-
           | Ol...
        
         | divan wrote:
         | Let's revisit this comment in one year - after the explosion of
         | agentic systems. (:
        
           | wokwokwok wrote:
           | We already have agentic systems; they're not particularly
           | impressive (1).
           | 
           | There's no specific reason to expect them to get better.
           | 
           | Things that will shift the status quo are: MCST-LLMs (like
           | with ARC-AGI) and Much Bigger LLMs (like GPT-5, if they ever
           | turn up) or some completely novel architecture.
           | 
           | [1] - It's provable; if just chaining LLMs are a particular
           | size into agentic systems could scale indefinitely, then you
           | could use a 1-param LLM and get AGI. You can't. QED. Chaining
           | LLMs with agentic systems has a capped maximum level of
           | function which we basically already see with the current
           | LLMs.
           | 
           | ie. Adding 'agentic' to your system has a finite, probably
           | already reached, upper bound of value.
        
             | NitpickLawyer wrote:
             | > It's provable; if just chaining LLMs are a particular
             | size into agentic systems could scale indefinitely, then
             | you could use a 1-param LLM and get AGI. You can't. QED.
             | 
             | Perhaps I missunderstand your reply, but that has not been
             | my experience at all.
             | 
             | There are 3 types of "agentic" behaviour that has worked
             | for a while for me, and I don't know how else it would work
             | without "agents":
             | 
             | 1. Task decomposition - this was my manual flow since pre-
             | chatgpt models: a) provide an overview of topic x with
             | chapter names; b) expand on chapter 1 ... n ; c) make a
             | summary of each chapter; d) make an introduction based on
             | the summaries. I now have an "agent" that does that w/
             | minimal scripting and no "libraries". Just pure python
             | control loop.
             | 
             | This gets me pretty reasonable documents for my daily
             | needs.
             | 
             | 2. tool use (search, db queries, API hits). I don't know
             | how you'd use an LLM without this functionality. And
             | chaining them into flows absolutely works.
             | 
             | 3. coding. I use the following "flow" -> input a paragraph
             | or 2 about what I want, send that + some embedding-based
             | context from the codebase to an LLM (3.5 or 4o, recently o1
             | or gemini) -> get code -> run code -> /terminal if error ->
             | paste results -> re-iterate if needed. This flow really
             | works today, especially with 3.5. In my testing it needs
             | somewhere under 3 "iterations" to "get" what's needed in
             | more than 80% of the cases. I intervene in the rest of 20%.
        
               | danielbln wrote:
               | A zed user? Live that editor and the dev flow with it.
        
               | NitpickLawyer wrote:
               | Haha, yes! I'm trying it out and been loving it so far. I
               | found that I go there for most of my eda scripts these
               | days. I do a lot of datasets collection and exploration,
               | and it's amazing that I can now type one paragraph and
               | get pretty much what it would have taken me ~30 min to
               | code myself. Claude 3.5 is great for most exploration
               | tasks, and the flow of "this doesn't work /terminal" +
               | claude using prints to debug is really starting to come
               | together.
               | 
               | I use zed for this, cursor for my more involved sessions
               | and aider + vscode + continue for local stuff when I want
               | to see how far along local models have come. Haven't
               | tried cline yet, but heard great stuff.
        
               | wokwokwok wrote:
               | I didn't say they don't work, I said there is an upper
               | bound on the function they provide.
               | 
               | If a discrete system can be composed of multiple LLMs the
               | upper bound on the function they provide is by the
               | function of the LLM, not the number of agents.
               | 
               | Ie. We have agentic systems.
               | 
               | Saying "wait till you see those agentic systems!" is like
               | saying "wait til you see those c++ programs!"
               | 
               | Yes. I see them. Mmm. Ok. I don't think I'm going to be
               | surprised by seeing them doing exactly the same things in
               | a year.
               | 
               | The impressive part in a year will the _non agentic_ part
               | of things.
               | 
               | Ie. Explicitly; if the underlying LLMs dont get any
               | better, there is no reason to expect the system built out
               | of them to get any better.
               | 
               | If that was untrue, you would expect to be able to build
               | agentic systems out of much _smaller_ LLMs, but that
               | _overwhelmingly_ doesn't work.
        
               | bubaumba wrote:
               | > if the underlying LLMs dont get any better, there is no
               | reason to expect the system built out of them to get any
               | better.
               | 
               | Actually o1, o3 are doing exactly this, and very well.
               | I.e. explicitly: by proper orchestration the same LLM can
               | do much better job. There is a price, but...
               | 
               | > you would expect to be able to build agentic systems
               | out of much smaller LLMs
               | 
               | Good point, it should be possible to do it on a high-end
               | pc or even embedded.
        
               | wokwokwok wrote:
               | > but that overwhelmingly doesn't work.
               | 
               | MCTS will be the next big "thing"; not agents.
        
               | bubaumba wrote:
               | They are not mutually exclusive. Likely we'll get more
               | clear separation of architecture and underlying
               | technology. In this case agents (i.e. architecture) can
               | use different technologies or mix of them. Including 'AI'
               | and algorithms. The trick is to make them work together.
        
           | isoprophlex wrote:
           | You mean, the explosion of human centipede LLM prompts
           | shitting into eachother?
           | 
           | Yes that will be a sight to behold.
        
         | atonse wrote:
         | Same here.
         | 
         | The ability to "talk to an expert" about any topic I'm curious
         | about and ask very specific questions has been invaluable to
         | me.
         | 
         | It reminds me of being a kid and asking my grandpa a million
         | questions, like how light bulbs worked, or what was inside his
         | radio, or how do we have day and night.
         | 
         | And before anyone talks about accuracy or hallucinations, these
         | conversations usually are treated as starting off points to
         | then start googling specific terms, people, laws, treaties, etc
         | to dig deeper and verify.
         | 
         | Last year during a visit to my first Indian reservation, I had
         | a whole bunch of questions that nobody in person had answers
         | to. And ChatGPT was invaluable in understanding concepts like
         | where a reservation's autonomy begins and ends. And why certain
         | tribes are richer than others. What happens when someone calls
         | 911 on a reservation. Or speeds. Or wants to start a factory
         | without worrying about import/export rules. And what causes
         | some tribes to lose their language faster than others. And 20
         | other questions like this.
         | 
         | And most of those resulted in google searches to verify the
         | information. But I literally could never do this before.
         | 
         | Same this year when I'm visiting family in India. To learn
         | about the politics, the major players, WHY they are considered
         | major players (like the Chief Minister of Bengal or Uttar
         | Pradesh or Maharashtra being major players because of their
         | populations and economies). Criticisms, explanations of laws,
         | etc etc.
         | 
         | For insanely curious people who often feel unsatisfied with the
         | answers given by those around them, it's the greatest thing
         | ever.
        
           | stravant wrote:
           | One of my favorite successes was getting an LLM to write me a
           | program to graph how I subjectively feel the heat of steam
           | coming off of the noodles I'm pouring the water out from as a
           | function of the ambient temperature.
           | 
           | I was wondering which effects were at play and the graph
           | matched my subjective experience well.
        
           | 1209412comb wrote:
           | Semi-related but I find that sometime it just completely
           | ruined a type of conversation.
           | 
           | Like as in your example, I would previously asked people "how
           | would 911 handle an US Reservation Area", and watch how my
           | friends think and reason. To me getting a conclusive answer
           | was not a point. Now they just copy & paste Chat GPT, no fun
           | haha.
        
             | Sharlin wrote:
             | That's just the 2020s version of how Google and smartphones
             | ruined the ages-old social pastime of arguing about trivia
             | in a pub :P
        
             | atonse wrote:
             | Yeah it can definitely be a crutch too in some situations.
             | I notice it with my kids where they'll want to tell me
             | about something but then seek a video or something to show
             | it.
             | 
             | Sometimes I have to say "no! just use your words to
             | describe it! I want to hear your description"
        
               | Hugsun wrote:
               | I think it's good of you to make them critically engage
               | with the subject by verbalizing it themselves. Evidence
               | suggests that video consumption is relatively un-engaging
               | mentally, likely as it demands nothing of you.
        
           | stingraycharles wrote:
           | For me the problem is that you always need to double-check
           | this particular type of expert, as it can be confidently
           | wrong about pretty much any topic.
           | 
           | It's useful as a starting point, not as a definitive expert
           | answer.
        
             | brookst wrote:
             | What human experts do you blindly trust without double
             | checking?
        
               | CobrastanJorji wrote:
               | Most human experts, when asked about their area of
               | expertise, don't parrot what some guy said as joke on
               | Reddit five years ago.
               | 
               | Most lawyers, when you ask them to write a brief, will
               | cite only real cases.
        
               | spotplay wrote:
               | "Most" is the key word here. In my experience that's also
               | the case for LLMs.
        
               | Fricken wrote:
               | I coined the term "fancy cruise control" on reddit, as a
               | joke, to describe Autopilot. One of the mods of the self-
               | driving car sub thought the term was so funny he made a
               | joke subreddit for it. A few years later Tesla lawyers
               | invoked the term in court to downplay the capabilities of
               | autopilot in court.
        
               | shafyy wrote:
               | LLM proponents really have succeeded in moving the
               | overton window on this discussion. "Sure, you cannot
               | trust LLMs, but you cannot trust humans, either".
        
               | brookst wrote:
               | I don't think "Overton window" works in that
               | construction. It typically refers to the range of
               | politically acceptable opinions.
               | 
               | LLMs are too new to have such a thing. It sounds like
               | you're an "LLM opponent" (whatever that means) who
               | believes the appropriate standard is infallibility? I
               | don't even get that line of thinking, but you're welcome
               | to it. But let's not pretend this is a decades-long topic
               | with a social consensus that people try to influence.
        
               | shafyy wrote:
               | I didn't mean overton window in a political sense (not a
               | English native speaker). It's more about moving the goal
               | post maybe.
               | 
               | > _I don't even get that line of thinking, but you're
               | welcome to it_
               | 
               | I would not say "LLM oponent". Rather "LLM critic". I'm
               | not against LLMs as a technology. I'm worried about how
               | the technology is deployed and used, and what the
               | consequences are. Specifically, copyright issues, power
               | use issues, inherent biases in the traning data that
               | strengthen existing discrimation against minorities,
               | raciscm and sexism. I'm not convinced by the hype created
               | by LLM proponents (mostly investors and other companies
               | and people who financially benefit from LLMs). I'm not
               | saying that machine learning doesn't bring any value or
               | does not have use cases. I'm talking more about the
               | recent AI/LLM hype.
        
               | delusional wrote:
               | Most of them. Are you constantly doing validation studies
               | for every piece of information you take in? If the
               | independent experts tell me that a new car is safe to
               | drive, then I trust them.
        
           | croes wrote:
           | How do you know the answers are correct?
           | 
           | More than once I got eloquent answer that are completely
           | wrong.
        
             | brookst wrote:
             | How do you address this problem with people? More than once
             | a real live person has told me something that was wrong,
        
               | szundi wrote:
               | and people just don't know what they don't know - they
               | just answer sillyness the same way
        
               | fzeindl wrote:
               | You can divide your approach to asking questions with
               | people (and I do believe this is something people do):
               | 
               | 1. You ask someone you can trust for facts and opinions
               | on topics, but you keep in mind that the answer might
               | only be right in 90% of the cases. Also people tend to
               | tell you if the are not sure.
               | 
               | 2. For answers you need to rely on you ask people who are
               | legally or professionally responsible if they give you
               | wrong advice: doctors, lawyers, car mechanics, the police
               | etc.
               | 
               | ChatGPT can't lose it's job if it informs you
               | incorrectly.
        
               | dvdbloc wrote:
               | If ChatGPT keeps giving you wrong answers wouldn't this
               | make paying customers leave? Effectively "losing its
               | job". But I guess you could say it acts more like the
               | person that makes stuff up at work if they don't know,
               | instead of saying they don't know.
        
               | Zambyte wrote:
               | > But I guess you could say it acts more like the person
               | that makes stuff up at work if they don't know, instead
               | of saying they don't know.
               | 
               | I have had language models tell me it doesn't know.
               | Usually when using a RAG-based system like Perplexity,
               | but they can say they don't know when prompted properly.
        
               | intended wrote:
               | There was an article here just a few days ago, which
               | discussed how firms can be ineffective, and still remain
               | competitive.
               | 
               | https://danluu.com/nothing-works/
               | 
               | The idea that competition is effective, is often in
               | spherical cow territory.
               | 
               | There's tons of real world conditions which can easily
               | let a firm be terrible at their core competency, and
               | still survive.
        
               | debesyla wrote:
               | I'm not sure about your local laws, but at least in
               | Lithuania it's completely legal to give a wrong advice
               | (by accident, of course)... Even a notary specialist
               | would at most get to pay a larger insurance payment for a
               | while, because human errors falls under professional
               | insurance.
        
               | huxley wrote:
               | Well if you're a sensible person, you stop treating them
               | as subject matter expert
        
               | croes wrote:
               | Experience. If I recognize they give unreliable answers
               | on a specific topic I don't question them anymore on that
               | topic.
               | 
               | If they lie on purpose I don't ask them anything anymore.
               | 
               | The real experts give reliable answers, LLMs don't.
               | 
               | The same question can yield different results.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | So LLMs are unreliable experts, okay. They're still
               | useful if you understand their particular flavor of
               | unreliability (basically, they're way too enthusiastic) -
               | but more importantly, I bet you have exactly _zero_ human
               | experts on speed dial.
               | 
               | Most people don't even _know_ any experts personally,
               | much less have one they could call for help on demand.
               | Meanwhile, the unreliable, occasionally tripping pseudo-
               | experts named GPT-4 and Claude are equally unreliably-
               | expert in _every_ domain of interest known to humanity,
               | and don 't mind me shoving a random 100-pages long PDF in
               | their face in the middle of the night - they'll still
               | happily answer within seconds, and the whole session
               | costs me _fractions of a cent_ , so I can ask for a
               | second, and third, and tenth opinion, and then a meta-
               | opinion, and then compare&contrast with search results,
               | and _they don 't mind that either_.
               | 
               | There's lots to LLMs that more than compensates for their
               | inherent unreliability.
        
               | discreteevent wrote:
               | > Most people don't even know any experts personally,
               | much less have one they could call for help on demand.
               | 
               | Most people can read original sources.
        
               | signatoremo wrote:
               | Which sources? How do I know I can trust the sources that
               | I found?
        
               | brookst wrote:
               | And yet here you are making an unsourced claim. Should I
               | trust your assertion of "most"?
        
               | a1j9o94 wrote:
               | How do you even know what original sources to read?
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | There's something called bibliography at the end of every
               | serious books.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | I am recalling CGP Grey's descent into madness due to
               | actually following such trails through historical
               | archives: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEV9qoup2mQ
               | 
               | Kurzgesagt had something along the same lines:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgo7rm5Maqg
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | They can, but they usually don't, unless forced to.
               | 
               | (Incidentally, not that different from LLMs, once again.)
        
               | nuancebydefault wrote:
               | It's not that black and white. I know of no single person
               | who is correct all the time. And if I would know such
               | person, i still would not be sure, since he would
               | outsmart me.
               | 
               | I trust some LLMs more than most people because their BS
               | rate is much much lower than most people I know.
               | 
               | For my work, that is easy to verify. Just try out the
               | code, try out the tool or read more about the scientific
               | topic. Ask more questions around it if needed. In the end
               | it all just works and that's an amazing accomplishment.
               | There's no way back.
        
               | intended wrote:
               | It's trivial to address this.
               | 
               | You ask an actual expert.
               | 
               | I don't treat any water cooler conversation as accurate.
               | It's for fun and socializing.
        
               | wilg wrote:
               | Asking an expert is only trivial if you have access to an
               | expert to ask!
        
               | intended wrote:
               | This is a true statement.
               | 
               | This is also not related to the problem being trivialized
               | in the presented solution.
               | 
               | Lack of access to experts, doesn't improve the quality of
               | water cooler conversations.
        
               | lifeisstillgood wrote:
               | And can judge which one is an expert and which one is
               | bullshiting for the consultancy fee.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | And as we've seen in last few years, large chunks of
               | population do not trust experts.
               | 
               | Think this thread has gone from "how to Trust AI", to
               | "how do we Trust Anything".
        
               | m0llusk wrote:
               | In my experience hesitating to answer questions because
               | of the complexity of involved material is a strong
               | indicator of genuine expertise linked with
               | conscientiousness. Careless bullshitters like LLMs don't
               | exhibit this behavior.
        
               | Mawr wrote:
               | I can draw on my past experience of interacting with the
               | person to assign a probability to their answer being
               | correct. Every single person in the world does this in
               | every single human interaction they partake in, usually
               | subconsciously.
               | 
               | I can't do this with an LLM because it does not have
               | identity and may make random mistakes.
               | 
               | LLMs also lack the ability to say "I don't know", which
               | my fellow humans have.
        
             | synergy20 wrote:
             | so do teachers and books, in the future we need have
             | multiple variants to cross check
        
               | croes wrote:
               | Cross check against what? AI generated texts will flood
               | the internet and burry the real knowledge just like SEO
               | did before. But this time the fake knowledge will be less
               | obvious and harder to check.
        
               | synergy20 wrote:
               | models from different vendors,plus google search. for
               | serious stuff, we'll still have to check manually
               | ourselves
        
               | bradchris wrote:
               | If that turns out to be true, the it looks like AI just
               | gave universities a new reason for being.
               | 
               | What a shift from twenty years ago when optimism over
               | "information superhighways" on the "world wide web" would
               | end knowledge gatekeeping and educate the masses, to
               | now-- worries of AI slop and finely tuned ML algorithms
               | frying older and younger generations' brains, while
               | information of human value gets buried, siloed, and
               | paywalled, with no way to verify anything at all.
        
             | superultra wrote:
             | I give AI a "water cooler chat" level of veracity, which
             | means it's about as true as chatting with a coworker at a
             | water cooler when that used to happen. Which is to say if I
             | just need to file the information away as a "huh" it's
             | fine, but if I need to act on it or cite it, I need to do
             | deeper research.
        
               | FergusArgyll wrote:
               | Yes, so often I see/hear people asking "But how can you
               | trust it?!"
               | 
               | I'm asking it a question about social dynamics in the
               | USSR, what's the _worst_ thing that 'll happen?! I'll get
               | the wrong impression?
               | 
               | What are people using this for? are you building a
               | nuclear reactor where every mistake is catastrophic?
               | 
               | Almost none of my interactions with LLMs "Matter", they
               | are things I'm curious about, if 10 out of 100 things I
               | learnt from it are false, then I learned 90 new things.
               | And these are things which mostly I'd have no way to
               | learn about otherwise (without spending significant money
               | on books/classes etc.)
        
               | saagarjha wrote:
               | Yes, but how do you know which is which?
        
               | cowsaymoo wrote:
               | That is also a broader epistemological question one could
               | ask about truth on the internet or even truth in general.
               | You have to interrogate reality
        
               | johnmaguire wrote:
               | That's certainly true, but I think it's also true that
               | you have more contextual information about the
               | trustworthiness of what you're reading when you pick up a
               | book, magazine, or load a website.
               | 
               | As a simple example, LLMs will happily incorporate
               | "facts" learned from marketing material into it's
               | knowledgebase and then regurgitate it as part of a
               | summary on the topic.
        
               | das_keyboard wrote:
               | If you don't care if it's correct or not you can also
               | just make the stuff up. No need to pay for AI to do it
               | for you.
        
               | madmask wrote:
               | I try hard not to pollute my learning with falsehoods.
               | Like I really hate spending time learning bs, not knowing
               | is way better than knowing something wrong.
        
             | K0balt wrote:
             | All you have to do is just remember you're asking your
             | uncle bob, a man of extensive usually not too inaccurate
             | knowledge.
             | 
             | There's no reason a source has to be authoritative, just
             | because it's a computer.
             | 
             | It is a bit of an adjustment, though. We are used to our
             | machines being accurate, or failing loudly.
             | 
             | But, looks like the future is opinionated machines.
        
             | patcon wrote:
             | There's something here that I feel is pretty deep, though
             | offensive for some minds: What is the actual consequence of
             | being wrong? Of not getting right the base reality of a
             | situation?
             | 
             | Usually, stasis is the enemy that is much great than false
             | information. If people with 90% truth can take a step
             | forward in the world, even if they mistakenly think they
             | have 100% truth, what does it matter? They're learning more
             | and acting more for that step taken. If the mistaken ground
             | truth is false and importantly enough false, they'll learn
             | it bc their experience is grounded in the reality the
             | navigate anyhow. If they don't learn it, it's of no
             | consequence.
             | 
             | This is on my mind because I work in democratic reform, and
             | I am acutely aware (from books like "Democracy for
             | Realists", that eviscerate common assumptions about "how
             | democracy works") that it often doesn't matter if we
             | understand how democracy is working, so long as we _feel_
             | like we do, enough to take steps forward and keep trying
             | and learning. We literally don 't even know how democracy
             | works, and yet we've been living under it for centuries, to
             | decent enough ends.
             | 
             | I think often about the research of Donald Hoffman. His lab
             | runs evolutionary simulations, putting "creatures" that see
             | "reality" (of the simulation) against creatures that see
             | only "fitness" (the abstraction, but also the lie, that is
             | more about seeing what gets the creature living to the next
             | click of the engine, whether that's truth or falsehood
             | about the reality).
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYp5XuGYqqY
             | 
             | Basically, creatures that see only fitness (that see only
             | the lie), they drive to extinction every creature that
             | insists on seeing "reality as it is".
             | 
             | I take this to mean truth is in no way, shape, or form
             | favoured in the universe. This is just a convinient lie we
             | tell ourselves, to motivate our current cultural work and
             | preferences.
             | 
             | So tl;dr -- better to move forward and feel high agency
             | with imperfect information, than to wait for a full
             | truthful solution that might never come, or might be such
             | high cost as to arrive too late. Those moving forward
             | rapidly with imperfect information will perhaps drive to
             | extinction those methods that insist on full grounding in
             | reality.
             | 
             | Maybe this is always the way the world has worked... I
             | mean, does any mammal before us have any idea how any of
             | reality worked? No, they just used their senses to detect
             | the gist of reality (often heuristics and lies), and
             | operated in the world as such. Maybe the human sphere of
             | language and thought will settle on similar ruthlessness.
        
               | jval43 wrote:
               | Incorrect information by itself is at best useless.
               | Incorrect information that is thought to be correct is
               | outright dangerous. Objective truth is crucial to science
               | and progress.
               | 
               | We've come too far since the age of enlightenment to just
               | give it all up.
        
               | DanHulton wrote:
               | > "My father once told me that respect for truth comes
               | close to being the basis for all morality. 'Something
               | cannot emerge from nothing,' he said. This is profound
               | thinking if you understand how unstable 'the truth' can
               | be."
               | 
               | Frank Herbert, Dune
        
               | intended wrote:
               | Yes! There's no 'element' of truth. Funnily enough, this
               | isn't a philosophical question for me either.
               | 
               | The industrialization of content generation,
               | misinformation, and inauthentic behavior are very
               | problematic.
               | 
               | I've hit on an analogy that's proving very resilient at
               | framing the crossroads we seem to be at - namely the move
               | to fiat money from the gold standard.
               | 
               | The gold standard is easy to understand, and fiat money
               | honestly seems like madness.
               | 
               | This is really similar to what we seem to be doing with
               | genAI, as it vastly outstrips humanity's capacity to
               | verify.
               | 
               | There's a few studies out there that show that people
               | have different modes of content consumption. A large
               | chunk of content consumption is for casual purposes, and
               | without any desire to get mired into questions of
               | accuracy. About 10% of the time (some small %, I don't
               | remember the exact) people care about the content being
               | accurate.
        
             | tomjen3 wrote:
             | You enable the search functionality.
        
           | sollewitt wrote:
           | LLMs suffer from the "Igon Value Problem"
           | https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Igon_Value_Problem
           | 
           | Similar to reading a pop sci book, you're getting an
           | entertainment from a thing with no actual understanding of
           | the source material rather than an education.
        
             | Zambyte wrote:
             | So they have reached human level intelligence :D
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | Oh so you mean I have at my fingertips a tool that can
             | generate me a Scientific American issue on any topic I
             | fancy? That's still some non-negative utility right there
             | :).
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | A Scientific American issue where the authors have no
               | idea that they don't know a topic so just completely make
               | up the content, including the sources. At least magazine
               | authors are reading the sources before misunderstanding
               | the content (or asking the authors what the research
               | means).
               | 
               | I don't even trust the summaries after watching LLMs
               | think we have meetings about my boss's cat just because I
               | mentioned it once as she sniffed the camera...
        
               | wilg wrote:
               | Its good to not _trust_ it but that 's not the same as it
               | having _no idea_. There is a lot of value in being close
               | for many tasks!
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | I think it's a very dangerous place to be in an area
               | you're not familiar with. I can read Python code and
               | figure out if it's what I want or not. I couldn't read an
               | article about physics and tell you what's accurate and
               | what's not.
               | 
               | Legal Eagle has a great video on how ChatGPT was used to
               | present a legal argument, including made up case
               | references! Stuff like this is why I'm wary to rely on it
               | in areas outside of my expertise.
        
               | andreasmetsala wrote:
               | There's a world of difference between blindly trusting an
               | LLM and using it to generate clues for further research.
               | 
               | You wouldn't write a legal argument based on what some
               | random stranger told you, would you?
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | > Oh so you mean I have at my fingertips a tool that can
               | generate me a Scientific American issue on any topic I
               | fancy?
               | 
               | I'm responding to this comment, where I think it's clear
               | that an LLM can't event achieve the goal the poster would
               | like.
               | 
               | > You wouldn't write a legal argument based on what some
               | random stranger told you, would you?
               | 
               | I wouldn't but a lawyer actually went to court with
               | arguments literally written by a machine without
               | verification.
        
               | raducu wrote:
               | > Its good to not trust it but that's not the same as it
               | having no idea. There is a lot of value in being close
               | for many tasks!
               | 
               | The task is to replace hazelcast with infinispan in a
               | stand-alone IMDG setup. You're interested in Locks and
               | EntryProcessors.
               | 
               | Ghat GPT 4, o1 tell you with their enthusiastic style
               | Infinispan has all those features.
               | 
               | You test it locally and it does....
               | 
               | But the thing is infinispan doesn't have explicit locks
               | in client-server mode, just in embedded mode, but that's
               | something you find out from another human who has tied
               | doing the same thing.
               | 
               | Are you better off using Chat GPT in this case?
               | 
               | I could go on and on and on, on times Chat GPT has
               | bullshitted me and wasted days of my time, but hey, it
               | helps with one-liners and Copilot occasionally has
               | spectacular method auto-complete and learns on the fly
               | some stuff and it makes my cry when it remembers random
               | tidbits about me that not even family members do
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Given I have never heard of any of {hazelcast,
               | infinispan, IMDG, EntryProcessors}, even that kind of
               | wrong would probably be a improvement by virtue of
               | reducing the time I spend working on the wrong answer.
               | 
               | But only "probably" -- the very fact that I've not heard
               | of those things means I don't know if there's a potential
               | risk from trying to push this onto a test server.
               | 
               | You do have a test server, and aren't just testing
               | locally, right? Whatever this is?
        
               | mvc wrote:
               | > There is a lot of value in being close for many tasks!
               | 
               | horseshoes and hand-grenades?
        
             | jstummbillig wrote:
             | You just state this as if it was obviously true, but I
             | don't see how. Why is using LLM like reading a pop sci book
             | and not like reading a history book? Or even less like
             | either, because you have to continually ask questions to
             | get anything?
        
               | Fargren wrote:
               | A history book is written by someone who knows the topic,
               | and then reviewed by more people who also know the topic,
               | and then it's out there where people can read it and
               | criticize it if it's wrong about the topic.
               | 
               | A question asked to an AI is not reviewed by anyone, and
               | it's ephemeral. The AI can answer "yes" today, and "no"
               | tomorrow, so it's not possible to build a consensus on
               | whether it answers specific questions correctly.
        
               | jstummbillig wrote:
               | A pop sci fi book can be written by someone who knows the
               | topic and reviewed by people who know the topic -- and a
               | history book can also not.
               | 
               | LLM generated answers are more comparable to ad-hoc human
               | expert's answers and not to written books. But it's much
               | simpler to statistically evaluate and correct them. That
               | is how we can know that, on average, LLMs are improving
               | and are outperforming human experts on an increasing
               | number of tasks and topics.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | In my experience LLM generated answers are more
               | comparable to an ad-hoc answer by a human with no special
               | expertise, moderate google skills, but good bullshitting
               | skills spending a few minutes searching the web, reading
               | what they find and synthesizing it, waiting long enough
               | for the details to get kind of hazy, and then writing up
               | an answer off the top of their head based on that,
               | filling in any missing material by just making something
               | up. They can do this significantly faster than a human
               | undergraduate student might be able to, so if you need
               | someone to do this task very quickly / prolifically this
               | can be beneficial (e.g. this could be effective for
               | generating banter for video game non-player characters,
               | for astroturfing social media, or for cheating on student
               | essays read by an overworked grader). It's not a good way
               | to get expert answers about anything though.
               | 
               | More specifically: I've never gotten an answer from an
               | LLM to a tricky or obscure question about a subject I
               | already know anything about that seemed remotely
               | competent. The answers to basic and obvious questions are
               | sometimes okay, but also sometimes completely wrong (but
               | confidently stated). When asked follow-up questions the
               | LLM will repeatedly directly contradict itself with
               | additional answers each as wrong as the first, all just
               | as confidently stated.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | More like "have already skimmed half of the entire
               | Internet in the past", but yeah. That's _exactly_ the
               | mental model IMO one should have with LLMs.
               | 
               | Of course don't forget that "writing up an answer off the
               | top of their head based on that, filling in any missing
               | material by just making something up" is what everyone
               | does all the time, and in particular it's what _experts
               | do in their areas of expertise_. How often those snap
               | answers and hasty extrapolations turn out correct is,
               | literally, how you measure _understanding_.
               | 
               | EDIT:
               | 
               | There's some deep irony here, because with LLMs being
               | "all system 1, no system 2", we're trying to give them
               | the same crutches we use on the road to understanding,
               | but have them move the opposite direction. Take "chain of
               | thought" - saying "let's think step by step" and then
               | explicitly going through your reasoning is _not_
               | understanding - it 's the _direct opposite of it_. Think
               | of a student that solves a math problem step by step -
               | they 're not demonstrating understanding or mastery of
               | the subject. On the contrary, they're just demonstrating
               | they can _emulate_ understanding by more mechanistic,
               | procedural means.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | Okay, but if you read written work by an expert (e.g. a
               | book published by a reputable academic press or a journal
               | article in a peer-reviewed journal), you get a result
               | whose details were all checked out, and can be relied on
               | to some extent. By looking up in the citation graph you
               | can track down _their_ sources, cross-check claims
               | against other scholars ', look up survey sources putting
               | the work in context, think critically about each author's
               | biases, etc., and it's possible to come to some kind of
               | careful analysis of the work's credibility and assess the
               | truth value of claims made. By doing careful search and
               | study it's possible to get to some sense of the scholarly
               | consensus about a topic and some idea of the level of
               | controversy about various details or interpretations.
               | 
               | If instead you are reading the expert's blog post or
               | hastily composed email or chatting with them on an
               | airplane you get a different level of polish and care,
               | but again you can use context to evaluate the source and
               | claims made. Often the result is still "oh yeah this
               | seems pretty insightful" but sometimes "wow, this person
               | shouldn't be speculating outside of their area of
               | expertise because they have no clue about this".
               | 
               | With LLM output, the appropriate assessment (at least in
               | any that I have tried, which is far from exhaustive) is
               | basically always "this is vaguely topical bullshit; you
               | shouldn't trust this at all".
        
               | twometwo wrote:
               | I am just curious about this. You said the word never,
               | and I think your claim can be tested, perhaps you could
               | post a list of five obscure questions for a LLM to answer
               | and then someone could ask that to a good LLM for you, or
               | an expert in that field, to assess the value of the
               | answers.
               | 
               | Edited: I just submitted an ASK HN post about this.
        
               | jstummbillig wrote:
               | > I've never gotten an answer from an LLM to a tricky or
               | obscure question about a subject I already know anything
               | about that seemed remotely competent.
               | 
               | Certainly not my experience with the current SOTA.
               | Without being more specific, it's hard to discuss. Feel
               | free to name something that can be looked at.
        
               | SheinhardtWigCo wrote:
               | The same is true of Google, no?
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _A question asked to an AI is not reviewed by anyone,
               | and it 's ephemeral. The AI can answer "yes" today, and
               | "no" tomorrow, so it's not possible to build a consensus
               | on whether it answers specific questions correctly._
               | 
               | It's even more so with humans! Most of our conversations
               | are, and has always been, ephemeral and unverifiable (and
               | there's plenty of people who want to undo the little of
               | permanence and verifiability we still have on the
               | Internet...). Along the dimension of permanence and
               | verifiability, asking an LLM is actually _much better_
               | than asking a human - there 's always a log of the
               | conversation you had with the AI produced and stored
               | somewhere for at least a while (even if only until you
               | clear your temp folder), and if you can get ahold of that
               | log, you can not just _verify_ the answers, you can
               | actually _debug the AI_. You can rerun the conversation
               | with different parameters, different prompting, perhaps
               | even inspect the inference process itself. You can do
               | that ten times, hundred times, a million times, and won
               | 't be asked to come to Hague and explain yourself. Now
               | try that with a human :).
        
               | Fargren wrote:
               | The context of my comment was what is the difference
               | between an AI and a history book. Or going back to the
               | top comment, between an AI and an expert.
               | 
               | If you want to compare AI with ephemeral unverifiable
               | conversations with uninformed people, go ahead. But that
               | doesn't make them sound very valuable. I believe they are
               | more valuable than that for sure, but how much, I'm not
               | sure.
        
             | fsloth wrote:
             | Yes! But now you get a specific pop sci book _in any
             | subject you want to learn about_ and _you can ask the book
             | about comparisons_ (e.g. how were Roman and Parthian legal
             | systems similar?). This at leas gives you a bunch of
             | keywords to go silly in wikipedia and publications (sci-
             | hub! Cough! Sci-hub!)
        
             | reissbaker wrote:
             | Earlier in this thread, people mention the counterpoint to
             | this: they Google the information from the LLM and do more
             | reading. It's an excellent starting point for researching a
             | topic: you can't trust everything it says, but if you don't
             | know where to start, it will very likely get you to a good
             | place to start researching.
             | 
             | Similarly, while you can't fully trust everything a
             | journalist says, it's obviously better to have journalism
             | than to have nothing: the "Ikon Value Problem" doesn't mean
             | that journalism should be eradicated. Pre-LLMs, we really
             | had nothing like LLMs in this way.
        
               | swiftcoder wrote:
               | > they Google the information from the LLM and do more
               | reading
               | 
               | The runway on this one seems to be running out fast - how
               | long before all the google results are also non-expert
               | opinions regurgitated by LLMs?
        
               | Roark66 wrote:
               | The way I see it they have been like that for at last a
               | decade. Of course before the transformers revolution
               | these were generated in a more crude way, but still the
               | end result is 99% of Google results for any topic have
               | been trash for me since early 200x.
               | 
               | Google has given up on fighting the SEO crowd long time
               | ago. I worry they give up on the entire idea of search
               | and will just serve answers from their LLM.
        
               | cbau wrote:
               | You can turn to actual experts, e.g. YouTube or books.
               | But yes, I have recently had the misfortune of working
               | with a personal trainer who was using ChatGPT to come up
               | with training programs, and it felt confusing and like I
               | was wasting time and money.
        
               | pino82 wrote:
               | When I'm looking for actual experts, the first thing that
               | comes to my mind is definitely YouTube!!
               | 
               | And least when it's about YouTube specific topics, like
               | where the like button and the subscribe button is.
               | 
               | They will tell me. Every. Single. F*cking. 5. Minute.
               | Clip. Again. And. Again.
               | 
               | Not soooo much for anything actually important or
               | interesting, though.... ;)
               | 
               | PS: Also which of the always same ~5 shady companies
               | their sponsor is, of course.
        
               | knowaveragejoe wrote:
               | Unironically, youtube is a great place to find actual
               | experts on a given subject.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | You've made an error here...
               | 
               | >They will tell me. Every. Single. F*cking. 5. Minute.
               | Clip. Again. And. Again.
               | 
               | Do you know why you got that video. Because people liked
               | and subscribed to them and the 'experts' with the best
               | information in the universe are hidden 5000 videos below
               | with 10 views.
               | 
               | And this is 100% Googles fault for the algorithms they
               | created that force these behaviors on anyone that wants
               | to use their platform and have visibility.
               | 
               | Lastly, if you can't find anything interesting or
               | important on YT, this points at a failure of your own.
               | While there is an ocean of crap, there is more than
               | enough amazing content out there.
        
               | 1024core wrote:
               | People are forgetting about the content farms like
               | Associate Content [1]. Since the early aughts, these
               | content farms would happily produce expert-sounding
               | content on anything that people were searching for. They
               | would buy top search terms from search engines like
               | Yahoo, hire English majors for dirt cheap, and have them
               | produce "expert" content targeting those search terms. At
               | least the LLMs have been trained on some relevant data!
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo_Voices
        
               | jordanb wrote:
               | So with AI Google has cut out the middleman and insourced
               | the content farm.
        
               | knowaveragejoe wrote:
               | LLMs are pretty good at attacking the "you don't know
               | what you don't know" problem on a given topic.
        
             | Flenkno wrote:
             | when i tried studying, i got really frustrated because i
             | had to search for so many things and not a lot of people
             | would explain basic math things to me in a simple way.
             | 
             | LLMs do already a lot better job at this. A lot faster,
             | accurate enough and easy to use.
             | 
             | I can now study something alone which i was not able to do
             | before.
        
               | ConceptJunkie wrote:
               | > accurate enough
               | 
               | Ask it something non-trivial about a subject you are an
               | expert in and get back to me.
        
               | dambi0 wrote:
               | Sadly I lack expertise. Do you have any concrete
               | examples? How does, say the Wiki entry on the topic
               | compare to your expert opinion.
        
           | zwnow wrote:
           | Talk to an expert? You are aware of them hallucinating right?
        
           | delusional wrote:
           | > And most of those resulted in google searches to verify the
           | information. But I literally could never do this before.
           | 
           | Could you elaborate on this? What happened before when you
           | had that type of questions? What was stopping you from
           | tamping "911 emergency indian reservation" into google and
           | learning that the "Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation" has their
           | own 911 dispatch?
           | 
           | In my youth, before the internet was everywhere, we were
           | taught that we could always ask the nearest librarian and
           | that they would help us find some useful information. The
           | information was all there, in books, the challenge was to
           | know which books to read. As I got older, and Google started
           | to become more available, we were taught how to filter out
           | bad information. The challenge shifted from finding
           | information into how not to find misinformation.
           | 
           | When I hear what you say here, I'm reminded of that shift.
           | There doesn't seem to be any fundamental change there, expect
           | may that it makes it harder not to find misinformation by
           | obscuring the source of the information, which I was taught
           | was an important indicator of its legitimacy.
        
           | ithadtobe119 wrote:
           | (throwaway account because of what I'm about to say, but it
           | needs to be said)
           | 
           | While my main use case for LLMs is coding just like most
           | people here, there are lots of areas that are being ignored.
           | 
           | Did you know llama 3.X models have been trained as
           | psychotherapists? It's been invaluable to dump and discuss
           | feelings with it in ways I wouldn't trust any regular person.
           | When real therapists also cost more than what people can
           | afford (and will have you committed if you say the wrong
           | thing), this ends up being a very good option.
           | 
           | And you know how escorts are traditionally known as
           | therapists lite? Yeah, it works in reverse too. The main use
           | case most are sleeping on is, well, emotional porn and erotic
           | role play. Let me explain.
           | 
           | My generation (i.e. Z) doesn't do drugs, we don't drink, we
           | don't go out. Why? Because we can hang on discord, play
           | games, scroll tiktok and goon to our heart's content. 60% of
           | gen Z men are single, 30% women. The loneliness epidemic hit
           | hard along with covid. It's basically a match made in heaven
           | for LLMs that can pretend to love you, like everything about
           | you, ask you about your day, and of course, can sext on a
           | superhuman level. When you're lonely enough, the fact that
           | it's all just simulated doesn't matter one bit.
           | 
           | It's so interesting that the porn industry is usually on the
           | forefront of innovation, adopting blueray and hddvd and
           | whatnot before anyone else, but they're largely asleep on
           | this and so is everyone else who doesn't want to touch of it
           | with a 10ft pole. Well except maybe c.ai to some extent. The
           | business case is there and it's a wide open market that OAI,
           | Anthropic, Google and the rest won't ever stoop down to
           | themselves, so the bar for entry is far lower.
           | 
           | Right now the best experience is known to be heading over to
           | r/locallama by doing it yourself, but there's millions to be
           | made for someone who improves it and figures out a platform
           | to sell it on in the next few years. It can be done well
           | enough with existing properly tuned, open weight, apache
           | licensed LLMs and progress isn't stopping.
        
             | hawk_ wrote:
             | While I empathize with the therapeutic effects, wouldn't
             | this create even more powerful echo chambers? May be so
             | many men and women of your generation are single because of
             | already established echo chambers.
             | 
             | It's in our nature to crave outside acceptance of who we
             | are. But may be taken to extreme, when we stop being
             | wanting to be challenged at all we could lose touch with
             | reality, society...
        
               | ithadtobe119 wrote:
               | I don't think anyone is saying that porn is healthy or
               | something anyone should consume. Or smoking or whatever,
               | but unhealthy enjoyable things are trillion dollar
               | industries regardless.
               | 
               | The thing is though, LLMs do whatever you tune them to
               | do. If you train them on a sycophantic corporate drone
               | butler dataset, you get the average assistant model
               | that's obviously a bad fit for this use case. If you
               | train them on something else, you get whatever you want,
               | even someone that challenges you. I wouldn't be surprised
               | if having some sort of simulated soulmate partner thing
               | that also does the job of an educator and life guide will
               | be the norm in the future.
        
             | niemandhier wrote:
             | > It's so interesting that the porn industry is usually on
             | the forefront of innovation, adopting blueray and hddvd and
             | whatnot before anyone else, but they're largely asleep on
             | this
             | 
             | Isn't that the result of major credit card companies
             | banning certain uses, thus pruning branches from the tree
             | of possible futures ?
             | 
             | What we need is digital central bank money in some form, to
             | get rid of that type of censorship.
        
             | atq2119 wrote:
             | > 60% of gen Z men are single, 30% women
             | 
             | I always do a double take when I read such statistics. How
             | can they possibly add up? Are gen Z men considered
             | particularly undesirable leading to lots of relationships
             | with large age gaps? Is there a ridiculously large overhang
             | of gay women (over men)? Is there a huge number of men with
             | multiple partners?
             | 
             | These gender disparities are difficult enough to believe
             | when they come to sexual relations, it gets even harder
             | when talking about relationships.
             | 
             | I guess what I'm saying is: I don't believe those numbers
             | as stated and would be interested in an explanation or at
             | least a source.
        
               | ithadtobe119 wrote:
               | I think I recall that being somewhat disputed because the
               | relationship status was self reported, some suggested
               | that men might not consider certain types of
               | relationships as serious but women do, so there's a
               | disparity in reporting what is and isn't an actual
               | relationship and the reality might be more balanced.
               | Sweden statistics, xd.
               | 
               | From what I can find after a brief search, there's this
               | one [0] that claims 63% for men, 34% for women, and [1]
               | there's a a generally known toxicity around dating these
               | days that makes these numbers entirely believable. I
               | don't pretend to have a large enough network of
               | acquaintances to make a good guess, but hardly anyone I
               | know isn't single, and I know maybe two or three
               | religious types that are actually married.
               | 
               | As for gen Z men being especially undesirable, there's
               | well... [2].
               | 
               | [0] https://www.pewresearch.org/short-
               | reads/2023/02/08/for-valen...
               | 
               | [1] https://old.reddit.com/r/GenZ/comments/1eo9bzj/intere
               | sting_b...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.ft.com/content/29fd9b5c-2f35-41bf-9d4c-99
               | 4db4e12...
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | So are you saying, some gen Z men are in a relationship,
               | but don't know it? I do buy that, it seems to be the
               | basis of some rom-com plots. The clueless guy that
               | doesn't know he's being reeled in.
               | 
               | Other factor.
               | 
               | As the other post suggested. There are large age gaps.
               | Women date older, men date younger. This is also long
               | known. Does it add up to 60/30? That does seem high, but
               | maybe with every other factor thrown in, it explains it?
        
               | johnmaguire wrote:
               | > So are you saying, some gen Z men are in a
               | relationship, but don't know it?
               | 
               | Or, you know, are leading women on.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | Both could be happening. Guess if we are assigning some
               | guilt, then it would depend on self awareness?
        
             | fxtentacle wrote:
             | I remember seeing an article discussed here on HN a while
             | ago about OnlyFans creators using LLMs to automate the
             | pretend personal relationship with paying fans.
             | 
             | Isn't that exactly what you suggest? A paid one-sided
             | relationship that helps people feel better about
             | themselves, with a bit of naughtiness mixed in.
        
               | ithadtobe119 wrote:
               | Ah shit you're right, I forgot about that, yeah they are
               | absolutely on it. I guess it makes more profit for people
               | to believe that they're actually talking to a real person
               | if they can't tell the difference anyway.
        
             | FrustratedMonky wrote:
             | This seems to be part of a side plot in Blade Runner 2049.
             | 
             | The movie was about replicants of course, but in the
             | background, the technology shown with the AI being a
             | companion, it was a huge corporate hit, a big seller. In
             | the background you see ad's for it, and they reference it
             | as their most popular product. And, as you allude to, in
             | the movie it was both for loneliness AND sexual. They
             | interacted like a relationship with talking and hooking up.
             | 
             | I don't doubt that with current AI, something similar could
             | be done. We're just missing the holograms.
             | 
             | And as you say, I'm sure the porn industry will catch on.
             | 
             | Kind of crazy how Porn isn't leading this tech wave like
             | past ones. Maybe because people are scared of tracking?
        
               | johnisgood wrote:
               | I thought it is, with CSAM.
        
               | redmajor12 wrote:
               | What I liked about this in Blade Runner, was that if
               | replicants are "people" (more the topic of the first
               | movie), then it's not much of a stretch to consider
               | software-AI as people, too. It would have been great if
               | this question had been further explored in the 2md movie
               | instead of just accepted.
        
           | netdevphoenix wrote:
           | > The ability to "talk to an expert" about any topic I'm
           | curious about and ask very specific questions has been
           | invaluable to me.
           | 
           | It is dangerous to assume that LLMs are experts on any topic.
           | With or without quotes. You are getting a super fast
           | journalist intern with a huge memory but inability to reason
           | critically, lacking understanding about anything and huge
           | unreliability when it comes to answering questions (you can
           | get completely different answers to the same question
           | depending on how you answer it and sometimes even the same
           | question can get you different answers). LLMs are very useful
           | and are a true game changer. But calling that expertise is a
           | disservice to the true experts.
        
             | pera wrote:
             | It's scary to think that we are moving into this direction:
             | I can see how in the next few years politicians and judges
             | will use LLMs as neutral experts.
             | 
             | And all in the hand of a few big tech corporations...
        
               | SamPatt wrote:
               | They aren't just in the hands of big corporations though.
               | 
               | The open source, local LLM community is absolutely
               | buzzing right now.
               | 
               | Yes, the big companies are making the models, but enough
               | of them are open weights that they can be fine tuned and
               | run however you like.
               | 
               | I think LLMs genuinely do present an opportunity to be
               | neutral experts, or at the least neutral third parties.
               | If they're run in completely transparent ways, they may
               | be preferable to humans in some circumstances.
        
               | svieira wrote:
               | The whole problem is that they are not neutral. They
               | token-complete based on the corpus that was fed into them
               | and the dimensions that were extracted out of those
               | corpuses and the curve-fitting done to those dimensions.
               | Being "completely transparent" means exposing _all_ of
               | that, but that's too large for anyone to reasonably
               | understand without becoming an expert in that particular
               | model.
               | 
               | And then we're right back to "trusting expert human
               | beings" again.
        
               | SamPatt wrote:
               | Nothing is truly neutral. Humans all have a different
               | corpus too. We roughly know what data has gone in, and
               | what the RL process looks like, and how the models handle
               | a given ethical situation.
               | 
               | With good prompting, the SOTA models already act in ways
               | I think most reasonable people would agree with, and
               | that's without trying to build this specifically for that
               | use case.
        
               | dns_snek wrote:
               | > Yes, the big companies are making the models, but
               | enough of them are open weights that they can be fine
               | tuned and run however you like.
               | 
               | And how long is that going to last? This is a well known
               | playbook at this point, we'd be better off if we didn't
               | fall for it yet _again_ - it 's comical at this point.
               | Sooner or later they'll lock the ecosystem down, take all
               | the free stuff away and demand to extract the market
               | value out of the work they used to "graciously" provide
               | for free to build an audience and market share.
        
               | SamPatt wrote:
               | How will they do this?
               | 
               | You can't take the free stuff away. It's on my hard
               | drive.
               | 
               | They can stop releasing them, but local models aren't
               | going anywhere.
        
               | pino82 wrote:
               | The world was such a boring and dark place before
               | everybody was constantly swiping on his smartphone in any
               | situation, and before everysaid said basically got piped
               | through a bigtech data center, where their algorithms
               | control its way.
               | 
               | Now we finally have a tool where all of you can prove
               | every day how strong/smart/funny/foo you are (not
               | actually). How was life even possible without?
               | 
               | So, don't be so pessimistic. ;)
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > I can see how in the next few years politicians and
               | judges will use LLMs as neutral experts.
               | 
               | While also noting that "neutral" is not well-defined, I
               | agree. They will be used _as if they were_.
        
             | anshumankmr wrote:
             | They have tried to address it with the help of o1 or o3
             | model at least to help it understand and reason better than
             | before, but one of the quotes my manager says with regards
             | to these is to trust it but verify it also.
        
               | Biologist123 wrote:
               | "Believe in God, but tie up your camels".
        
             | Biologist123 wrote:
             | But hasn't it become quite easy to deal with this issue
             | simply by asking for the sources of the information and
             | then validating? I quite like using the consensus app and
             | then asking for specific academic paper references which I
             | can then quickly check. However this has taught me also
             | that academic claims must also be validated...
        
             | bilsbie wrote:
             | IMO it's dangerous to call experts experts as well.
             | Possibly more dangerous.
        
               | Angostura wrote:
               | No. Expertise isn't a synonym for 'infallible' it denotes
               | someone whose lived experience, learned knowledge and
               | skill means that you should listen to their opinion _in
               | their area of expertise_ - and defer to it, unless you
               | have direct and evidence-based reasons for thinking they
               | are wrong.
        
               | bilsbie wrote:
               | By that definition an expert would be <more> trustworthy.
               | (Usually they want you to look at credentials instead.)
               | 
               | However that still ignores human nature to use that trust
               | for personal gain.
               | 
               | Nothing about expertise makes someone a saint.
        
             | gizmo wrote:
             | People who are experts (PhD and 20 years of experience)
             | often have very dumb opinions in their field of expertise.
             | Experts make amateur mistakes too. Look at the books
             | written by expert economists, expert psychologists, expert
             | historians, expert philosophers, expert software engineers.
             | Most books are not worth the paper they're written on,
             | despite the authors being experts with decades of
             | experience in their respective fields.
             | 
             | I think you overestimate the ability of a typical 'expert'.
             | You can earn a PhD without the ability to reason
             | critically. You can testify as an expert in a courtroom
             | without understanding conditional probability. Lawyers and
             | accountants in real life also totally contradict themselves
             | when they get asked the same question twice but phrased
             | slightly differently.
        
               | indeed30 wrote:
               | I don't disagree with what you say, but one difference is
               | that we generally hold these people accountable and often
               | shift liability to them when they are wrong (though not
               | always, admittedly), which is not something I have ever
               | seen done with any AI system.
        
               | MacsHeadroom wrote:
               | This sounds like an argument in favor of AI personhood,
               | not an argument against AI experts.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | Right, but, then what? If you throw away all of the books
               | from experts, what do you do, go out in your backyard and
               | start running experiments to re-create all of science? Or
               | start googling? What, some random person on the internet
               | is going to be a better 'expert' than someone that wrote
               | a book?                 Books might not be great, but
               | they are at least some minimum bar to reach.  You had to
               | do some study and analysis.
               | 
               | Seems like any critic of books, if you scratch the
               | surface is just the whole anti-science/anti-education
               | tropes again and again. What is the option? Don't like
               | peer review science, fine, it has flaws, propose an
               | option.
        
               | gizmo wrote:
               | Many terrific books have been published in the past 500
               | years. The median book is not worth your time, however,
               | and neither is the top 10%. You cannot possibly read
               | everything so you have to be very selective or you will
               | read only dreck. This is the opposite of being anti-
               | science or anti-education.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | But compared to the content on the internet?
               | 
               | So
               | 
               | Top 10% of Books. Ok
               | 
               | 90 % of Books. marginal, lot of bad.
               | 
               | Internet. Just millions of pages of junk.
               | 
               | - Books still take some effort. So why not start there.
               | 
               | It isn't either/or, binary, a lot of books are bad, so
               | guess I'll learn my medical degree from browsing the web
               | because I don't trust those 'experts'.
        
               | uxhacker wrote:
               | A Call to expertise is actually a fallacy. This is
               | because experts can be wrong.
               | 
               | The scientific method relies on evidence and reproducible
               | results, not authority alone.
               | 
               | Edited to add a reference: see under Appeal to authority.
               | https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/fallacies/
        
               | mycall wrote:
               | The fact is that in science, facts are only definitions
               | and everything else is a theory which by definition is
               | never 100% true.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | > everything else is a theory which by definition is
               | never 100% true.
               | 
               | Which definition of theory includes that it can never be
               | 100% true? It can't be proven to be true, but surely it
               | could be true without anyone knowing about it.
        
               | hengheng wrote:
               | My personal criterion for calling somebody an expert, or
               | "educated", or a "scholar" is that they have any random
               | area of expertise where they really know their shit.
               | 
               | And as a consequence, they know where that area of
               | expertise ends. And they know what half-knowing something
               | feels like compared to really knowing something. And
               | thus, they will preface and qualify their statements.
               | 
               | LLMs don't do any of that. I don't know if they could, I
               | do know it would be inconvenient for the sales pitch
               | around them. But the people that I call experts
               | distinguish themselves not by being right with their
               | predictions a lot, but rather by qualifying their
               | statements with the degree of uncertainty that they have.
               | 
               | And no "expert system" does that.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > And as a consequence, they know where that area of
               | expertise ends. And they know what half-knowing something
               | feels like compared to really knowing something. And
               | thus, they will preface and qualify their statements.
               | 
               | How do you count examples like Musk, then?
               | 
               | He is very cautious about rockets, and all the space
               | science people I follow and hold in high regard, say he's
               | actually a domain expert there. He regularly expectation-
               | manages experimental SpaceX launches downward.
               | 
               | He's also very bold and brash about basically everything
               | else; the majority of people I've seeing saying he's
               | skilled in any other area have turned out to not
               | themselves have any skills in those areas, while the
               | people who do have expertise say he's talking nonsense at
               | best and is taking wild safety risks at worst.
        
               | hengheng wrote:
               | Musk is probably really good at back of the envelope
               | calculations. The kind that lets you excel in first year
               | physics. That skill puts you above a lot of people in
               | finance and engineering when it comes to quickly
               | assessing an idea. It is also a gimmick, but I respect
               | it. My wild guess is that he uses that one skill to find
               | out who to believe among the people he hires.
               | 
               | The rest of the genius persona is growing up with enough
               | ego that he could become a good salesman, and also badly
               | managed autism and also a badly managed drug habit.
               | 
               | Seeing him dabble in politics and social media shows
               | instantly how little he understands the limits of his
               | knowledge. A scholar he is not.
        
               | gizmo wrote:
               | The level of confidence with which people express
               | themselves is a (neutral to me) style choice. I'm
               | indifferent because when I don't know somebody I don't
               | know whether to take their opinions seriously regardless
               | of the level of confidence they project. Some people who
               | really know their shit are brash and loud and other
               | experts hedge and qualify everything they say. Outward
               | humility isn't a reliable signal. Even indisputably
               | brilliant people frequently don't know where their
               | expertise ends. How often have we seen tech luminaries
               | put a sophomoric understanding of politics on display on
               | twitter or during podcast interviews? People don't end up
               | with correctly calibrated uncertainty unless they put a
               | ton of effort into it. It's a skill that doesn't develop
               | by itself.
        
               | hengheng wrote:
               | I agree, and a lot of that is cultural as well. But there
               | is still a variety of confidence within the statements of
               | a single person, hopefully a lot, and I calibrate to
               | that.
        
               | EricMausler wrote:
               | Anecdotal but I told chatgpt to include it's level of
               | confidence in its answers and to let me know if it didn't
               | know something. This priming resulted in it starting
               | almost every answer with some variation of "I'm not sure,
               | but.." when I asked it vague / speculative questions and
               | then when I asked it direct matter of fact questions with
               | easy answers it would answer with confidence.
               | 
               | That's not to say I think it is rationalizing it's own
               | level of understanding, but that somewhere in the vector
               | space it seems to have a Gradient for speculative
               | language. If primed to include language about it, it
               | could help cut down on some of the hallucination. No idea
               | if this will effect the rate of false positives on the
               | statements it does still answer confidently however
        
               | hengheng wrote:
               | You'd have to find out the veracity of those leading
               | phrases. I'm guessing that it just prefaces the answer
               | with a randomly chosen statement of doubtfulness. The
               | error bar behind every bit of knowledge would have to
               | exist in the dataset.
               | 
               | (And in neural network terms, that error bar could be
               | represented by the number of connections, by congruency
               | of separate paths of arguing, by vividness of memories,
               | etc ... it's not above human reasoning either, no need
               | for new data structures ...)
        
               | coliveira wrote:
               | AIs are a "master of all trades", so it is very unlikely
               | they'll ever be able to admit they don't know something.
               | What makes them very unreliable with topics where there
               | is little available knowledge.
        
               | fn-mote wrote:
               | Frankly, I'm not sure what the point of the parent's
               | comment is. Experts can be dumb and ChatGPT is dumb so
               | it's an expert?
               | 
               | > People who are experts (PhD and 20 years of experience)
               | often have very dumb opinions in their field of
               | expertise.
               | 
               | The conventional wisdom is that experts are dumb OUTSIDE
               | of their fields of expertise.
               | 
               | I don't know about you, but I would be very insulted by
               | someone passing judgement like this on my own work in my
               | field. I am sure that I would doubt their qualifications
               | to even make the judgement.
               | 
               | Are there experienced fools? Sure. We both probably work
               | with some. To me they are not experts, though.
        
               | throw4847285 wrote:
               | The fact that humans make mistakes has little to no
               | bearing on their capacity to create monumental
               | intellectual works. I recently finished The Power Broker
               | by Robert Caro, and found a mistake in the
               | acknowledgements where he mixed up two towns in New York.
               | Does that invalidate his 500+ interviews and years of
               | research? No.
               | 
               | Also, expert historians, philosophers psychs, etc. aren't
               | judged based on their correctness, but on their breadth
               | and depth of knowledge and their capacity to derive novel
               | insights. Some of the best works of history I've read are
               | both detailed and polemical, trying to argue for a new
               | framework for understanding a historical epoch that
               | shifts how we understand our modern world.
               | 
               | I don't know, I think I know very little about the world
               | and there are people who know far more and I appreciate
               | reading what they have to say, of course with a critical
               | eye. It seems to me that disagreeing with that is just
               | regurgitated anti-intellectualism, which is a coherent
               | position, but it's good to be honest about it.
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | > People who are experts (PhD and 20 years of experience)
               | often have very dumb opinions in their field of
               | expertise.
               | 
               | And the training data contains all those dumb opinions.
        
             | kevinsync wrote:
             | I actually find LLMs lacking true expertise to be a
             | feature, not a bug. Most of the time I'm starting from a
             | place of no knowledge on a topic that's novel to me, I ask
             | some questions, it replies with summaries, keywords, names
             | of things, basic concepts. I enter with the assumption that
             | it's really no different than googling phrases and sifting
             | through results (except I don't know what phrases I'm
             | supposed to be googling in the first place), so the
             | summaries help a lot. I then ask a lot of questions and ask
             | for examples and explanations, some of which of course turn
             | out to be wrong, but the more I push back, re-generate, re-
             | question, etc (while using traditional search engines in
             | another tab), the better responses I can get it to provide.
             | 
             | Come to think of it, it's really no different than walking
             | into Home Depot and asking "the old guys" working in the
             | aisles about stuff -- you can access some fantastic
             | knowledge if you know the names of all the tools and
             | techniques, and if not, can show them a picture or describe
             | what you're trying to do and they'll at least point you in
             | a starting direction with regards to names of tools needed,
             | techniques to use, etc.
             | 
             | Just like I don't expect Home Depot hourly worker Grandpa
             | Bob to be the end-all-be-all expert (for free, as well!),
             | neither do I expect ChatGPT to be an all-knowing-all-
             | encompassing oracle of knowledge.
             | 
             | It'll probably get you 95% of the way there though!
        
               | netdevphoenix wrote:
               | You forget that it makes stuff up and you won't know it
               | until you google it. When googling, fake stuff stands out
               | because truth is consistent.
               | 
               | Querying multiple llms at the same time and being able to
               | compare results is a much better comparison to googling
               | but no one does this.
               | 
               | As I said, you are talking to a super confident
               | journalist intern who can give you answers but you won't
               | know if it is true or partially true until you consult
               | with a human source of knowledge.
               | 
               | It's not even similar to asking the old guys at the Home
               | Depot because they can tell you if they are unsure they
               | have a good answer for you. An LLM won't. Old guys won't
               | hallucinate facts the way an LLM will
               | 
               | It is really is the 21st century Searle's epistemological
               | Chinese room nightmare edition. Grammar checks out but
               | whatever is spit out doesn't necessarily bear any
               | resemblance to reality
        
               | codingdave wrote:
               | LLMs train from online info. Online info is full of
               | misinformation. So I would not trust an answer to be true
               | just because it is given by multiple LLMs. That is
               | actually a really good way to fall into the
               | misinformation trap.
        
               | kevinsync wrote:
               | I agree with everything you said, except I think we're
               | both right at the same time.
               | 
               | Ol' boy at the Depot is constrained by his own
               | experiences and knowledge, _absolutely_ can hallucinate,
               | oftentimes will insert wild, irrelevant opinions and
               | stories while getting to the point, and frankly if you
               | line 6 of them up side by side to answer the same
               | question, you 're probably leaving with 8 different
               | answers.
               | 
               | There's never One True Solution (tm) for any query; there
               | are 100 ways to plumb your way out of a problem, and
               | you're asking a literal stranger who you assume will at
               | least point you in the right direction (which is kind of
               | preposterous to begin with)
               | 
               | I encourage people to treat LLMs the same way -- use it
               | as a jumping off point, a tool for discovery that's no
               | more definitive than if you're asking for directions at
               | some backwoods gas station. Take the info you get, look
               | deeper with other tools, work the problem, and you'll
               | find a solution.
               | 
               | Don't accept anything they provide at face value. I'm
               | sure we all remember at least a couple teachers growing
               | up who were the literal authority figures in our lives at
               | the time, fully accredited and presented to us as masters
               | of their curriculum, who were completely human,
               | oftentimes wrong, and totally full of shit. So goes the
               | LLM.
        
             | wing-_-nuts wrote:
             | _Shrug_
             | 
             | I treat LLM answers about the same way I treat wikipedia
             | articles. If it's critical I get it right, I go to the wiki
             | sources referenced. Recent models have gotten good at
             | 'showing their sources', which is helpful.
        
               | netdevphoenix wrote:
               | > If it's critical I get it right, I go to the wiki
               | sources referenced
               | 
               | the problem with this is that humans will likely use it
               | for low key stuff, see that it works (or that the errors
               | don't affect them too badly) and start using it for more
               | serious stuff. It will all be good until someone uses it
               | in something more serious and some time later it ends
               | badly.
               | 
               | Human basic thinking is fairly primitive. If yesterday
               | was sunny, the assumption is that today should too. The
               | more this happens the higher your confidence. The problem
               | is that this confidence emboldens people to gamble on
               | that and when it is not sunny anymore, terrible things
               | happen. A lot of hype driven behaviour is like that.
               | Crypto was like that. The economic crisis of the late 00s
               | was like that. And LLMs look set to be like that too.
               | 
               | It is going to take a big event involving big critical
               | damage or a high profile series of deaths via misuse of
               | an LLM to give policymakers and business leaders around
               | the world a reality check and get them looking at LLMs in
               | a more critical way. An AI autumn if you wish. It is
               | going to happen at some point. Maybe not in 2025 or 2026
               | but it will definitely happen.
               | 
               | You may argue that it is the fault of the human using the
               | LLM/crypto/giving out loans but it really doesn't matter
               | when those decisions affect others.
        
             | jasondigitized wrote:
             | It's dangerous to assume that the person you have access to
             | is an expert either.
        
           | mort96 wrote:
           | The ability to "talk to an expert" on any topic would indeed
           | have been very useful. Sadly, we have the ability to talk to
           | something which _tries very very hard to appear as an expert_
           | despite knowing nothing about the subject. A human who knows
           | some things pretty well but will talk about stuff they don 't
           | know with the same certainty and authority as they walk about
           | stuff they know is a worthless conversation partner. In my
           | experience,"AI" is that but significantly worse.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | The amount of value creation is off the scale. It's like when
           | people started using Google, or Google maps.
        
           | Hugsun wrote:
           | I mostly feel sorry for grandpa, he'll receive much less of
           | these questions, if any. This is partially because I expect
           | to become this grandpa and already suspect that some people
           | aren't asking me questions they would be, if they had no
           | access to chatgpt.
        
           | greentxt wrote:
           | Libraries and books were pretty cool too though. You could go
           | to a library and find information on anything and a librarian
           | would help you. Not super efficient but good for humans.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | > The ability to "talk to an expert" about any topic I'm
           | curious about and ask very specific questions has been
           | invaluable to me.
           | 
           | Even the ability to talk to a university work placement
           | student/intern in any topic is very useful, never mind true
           | experts.
           | 
           | Even Google's indexing and Wikipedia opened up a huge
           | quantity of low-hanging fruit for knowledge sharing; Even to
           | the extent that LLMs must be treated with caution because the
           | default mode is over-confident, and even to the extent one
           | can call them a "blurry JPEG of the internet", LLMs likewise
           | make available a lot of low-hanging fruit before we get to an
           | AI that reasons more like we do from limited examples.
        
           | cardanome wrote:
           | In the not so distant past we already had a tool that allowed
           | us to look up any question that came into our minds.
           | 
           | It was super fast and always provided you with sources. It
           | never hallucinated. It was completely free except for some
           | advertisement. You could build a whole career out of being
           | good at using it.
           | 
           | It was a search engine. Young people might not remember but
           | there was a time when Google wasn't shite but actually magic.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | > we already had a tool that allowed us to look up any
             | question that came into our minds ... It never
             | hallucinated. ... It was a search engine.
             | 
             | Except for all the times the search results were wrong
             | answers.
             | 
             | https://searchengineland.com/when-google-gets-it-wrong-
             | direc...
        
               | cardanome wrote:
               | Being biased is not the same as hallucinating. LLMs have
               | both problems.
               | 
               | At least you could check whether a source was reputable
               | and where the bias was. With LLM's the connection between
               | the answer and the source is completely lost. You can't
               | even tell why it answered a certain way.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > Being biased is not the same as hallucinating. LLMs
               | have both problems.
               | 
               | I didn't deny either of those things, I said that search
               | engines _also hallucinate_ -- my actual link gave several
               | examples, including  "King of the United States" ->
               | "Barack Obama".
               | 
               | Just because it showed the link to breitbart doesn't mean
               | it was _not hallucinating_.
               | 
               | > At least you could check whether a source was reputable
               | and where the bias was.
               | 
               | The former does not imply the latter. You could tell
               | where a search engine got an answer from, but not which
               | answers were hidden -- an argument that I saw some on the
               | American right make to criticise Google for _failing to
               | show their version of events_.
               | 
               | > With LLM's the connection between the answer and the
               | source is completely lost. You can't even tell why it
               | answered a certain way.
               | 
               | Also not so. The free version of ChatGPT supports search
               | directly, so it allows you to have references.
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | > _I said that search engines also hallucinate -- my
               | actual link gave several examples_
               | 
               | They don't. Google added a weird widget that do
               | hallucinate. But the result list is still accurate, even
               | though it may be biased towards certain sources.
               | 
               | > _You could tell where a search engine got an answer
               | from, but not which answers were hidden_
               | 
               | A bit pedantic, but a search engine returns a list of
               | results according to the query you posted. There's no
               | question-answer oracle. If you type "King of the United
               | States", you will get pages that have the terms listed.
               | Maybe there will be semantic manipulations like "King ->
               | Head of state -> President", but generally it's on you to
               | post the correct keywords.
        
           | cess11 wrote:
           | I've been "talking" quite a bit with Ollama models, they're
           | often confidently wrong about Wikipedia level stuff and even
           | if the system prompt is explicitly constrained in this
           | regard. Usually I get Wikipedia as understood by a twelve
           | year old with the self-confidence of adult Peter Thiel. If it
           | isn't factually wrong, it's often subtly wrong in the way
           | that a cursory glance at some web search results is unlikely
           | to rectify.
           | 
           | It takes more time for me to verify the stuff they output
           | than grabbing a book off Anna's Archive or my payed
           | collections and looking something up immediately. I'd rather
           | spend that time making notes than waiting for the LLM to
           | respond and double checking it.
        
           | coliveira wrote:
           | How do you know the AI didn't hallucinate the answers? For
           | topics like these, where there is little information
           | available, the probability of hallucination is very high.
        
           | footy wrote:
           | > For insanely curious people who often feel unsatisfied with
           | the answers given by those around them, it's the greatest
           | thing ever.
           | 
           | As an insanely curious person who's often unsatisfied with
           | the answers given by those around me, I can't agree. The
           | greatest thing ever is libraries. I don't want to outsource
           | my thinking to a computer any more than I want to outsource
           | it to the people around me.
        
         | bloppe wrote:
         | At this point I think even the most bearish have to concede
         | that LLM's are an amazing tool. But OpenAI was never supposed
         | to be about creating tools. They're supposed to create
         | something that can completely take over entire projects for
         | you, not just something that can help you work on the projects
         | faster. If they can't pull that off in the next year or two,
         | they're gonna seriously struggle to raise the next 10B they'll
         | need to keep the lights on.
         | 
         | Of course LLMs aren't going anywhere, but I do not envy Sam
         | Altman right now.
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | At this point it's quite likely that they could pivot and
           | just be the chatgpt company. I've found chatgpt-4o with web
           | search and plugins to be more useful than o1 for most tasks.
           | 
           | It's possible we're nearing the end of the LLM race, but I
           | doubt that's the end of the AI story this decade, or OpenAI.
        
             | bloppe wrote:
             | Ya I think they probably will, but "the chatgpt company" is
             | not worth 157B. It might not even be worth 1B.
        
               | josu wrote:
               | It has replaced ~50% of my Google searches.
        
               | silisili wrote:
               | Yes but it also hasn't been attacked by ads yet. Google
               | doesn't suck for lack of search results, it sucks because
               | of ads.
               | 
               | Imagine asking chatgpt to tell you about slopes in
               | Colorado, and the first five answers are about how
               | awesome North Face is and how you can order from them.
               | You probably wouldn't use it as much.
        
               | jeffhuys wrote:
               | Local models are GOOD as well, and easy to use (ollama +
               | open web ui). OpenAI has to perform a huge trick in order
               | to stay relevant.
        
               | rajamaka wrote:
               | Does ChatGPT need ads, I feel as though people are
               | willing to pay for the service much more than people are
               | willing to pay for a Google search.
        
               | weatherlite wrote:
               | Not worth 1B ? Come on man. I see them improving the tool
               | enough for most people willing to pay 50$ a month for a
               | subscription. And for most companies to be willing to pay
               | 300$ per employee. It's perhaps not there yet but I'm
               | sure they'll reach this amount of value for their
               | offering. It remains to be seen what competition will do
               | to the prices though.
        
               | lizzas wrote:
               | Depends on the competition of course. They need an edge
               | to stop me going to the bald guy and running it there.
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | The market of people willing to pay $50 a month for OAI
               | vs $0/month for one of the open source LLAMA variants is
               | not large enough to justify their current valuation, imo
        
               | weatherlite wrote:
               | I'm not that familiar with the open source ones - how
               | good are they in comparison?
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | Id be hard pressed to come up with a valuation under 30B
               | based on the publicly known finances. OpenAI is certainly
               | crushing the metrics of other highly valued startups like
               | snowflake and databricks.
               | 
               | The cash burn and claim of imminent agi is where the
               | valuation trouble could be.
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | We've barely seen the first wave of companies being built
               | of their APIs too. The billions being put in thousands of
               | startups will take around 5yrs to hit full scale.
        
           | superultra wrote:
           | I keep thinking about that Idris Elba Microsoft ad about AI
           | about how much AI can help my business, and how both true and
           | untrue that as is, and how much distance there is between the
           | now and the possible promised of AI, and I imagine this is
           | what keeps Altman up at night.
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | Tesla is still valued high, despite FSD did not came, despite
           | being promised. So OpenAI would get away with delivering
           | ChatGPT5, if it is better than the competition.
        
             | bloppe wrote:
             | Tesla is profitable and they have a big technological moat.
             | OpenAI is in a very competitive industry and they burn ~5B
             | a year.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | I believe the car industry is somewhat competive as well
               | and they needed allmost 10 years to become profitable.
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | Amen. Everyone is talking about plateaus and diminishing
         | returns on training but I don't care one bit. I get that this
         | is a startup focused forum and the financial sustainability of
         | the market players is important but I can't wait to see what
         | the next decade of UX improvements will be like even if model
         | improvements slow to a crawl.
        
         | uludag wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure the plan has never been to just make these
         | tools that make us more efficient. If AI stays at the level
         | it's at, it would be a profound failure for companies like
         | OpenAI. We're all benefiting from the capital being poured into
         | these technologies now. The enshittification will come. The
         | enshittification always comes.
        
           | mitemte wrote:
           | I'm paying $240 a year to Anthropic that I wasn't paying
           | before and it's worth it. While I don't use Claude every
           | single day, but I use it several times a day when I'm
           | working. More times than the free tier allows.
        
             | aprilthird2021 wrote:
             | Why do people say this like it's a refutation? Current
             | valuation and investments were not based on getting a very
             | small group of nerds (affectionately) on HN to pay $250/yr
             | which probably doesn't cover even inference costs for the
             | models let alone training and R&D
        
         | spaceman_2020 wrote:
         | This is me. If things never improve and Sonnet 3.6 is the best
         | we have...I'm fine. Its good enough to drastically improve
         | productivity
        
         | BOOSTERHIDROGEN wrote:
         | Can you walk me through the steps you've taken to set up the
         | Ollama-based tool so far?
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | Cline was fixing my type errors and unit tests while I was
         | doing my V60 pourover.
        
         | nico wrote:
         | > Just today I used a completely local AI research tool, based
         | on Ollama. It worked great
         | 
         | What's it called? Could you post a link please?
         | 
         | Thank you
        
           | SamPatt wrote:
           | Here you go
           | 
           | https://github.com/TheBlewish/Automated-AI-Web-Researcher-
           | Ol...
        
         | alickz wrote:
         | i feel like AGI is an arbitrary line in the sand anyway
         | 
         | i think as humans we put too much emphasis on what intelligence
         | means relative to ourselves, instead of relative to nature
        
         | rkagerer wrote:
         | _completely local AI research tool, based on Ollama_
         | 
         | Could you elaborate? Was it easy to install?
        
           | arcanemachiner wrote:
           | Not OP, but yeah, ollama is super easy to install.
           | 
           | I just installed the Docker version and created a little
           | wrapper script which starts and stops the container.
           | Installing different models is trivial.
           | 
           | I think I already had CUDA set up, not sure if that made a
           | difference. But it's quick and easy. Set it up, fuck around
           | for an hour or so while you get things working, then you've
           | got your own local LLM you can spin up whenever you want.
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | Does ollama still execute whatever arbitrary python code is
             | in the model?
        
           | SamPatt wrote:
           | Yes I was referring to this:
           | 
           | https://github.com/TheBlewish/Automated-AI-Web-Researcher-
           | Ol...
        
         | tugu77 wrote:
         | Thats all fine, but I think you are missing the bigger picture.
         | It's not about whether what we already got out of this is good.
         | Of course it is. But this is about where it's going.
         | 
         | Until about 120 years ago, people were happy with horses and
         | horse carriages. Such a great help! Travel long distances, pull
         | weights, I never want to go back! But then the automobile was
         | invented and within a few years little travel was done by
         | horses anymore.
         | 
         | More recently, everybody had a landline phone at home. Such
         | great tech! Talk to grandma hundreds of miles away! I never
         | want to go back! Then suddenly the mobile phone and just
         | shortly after the smart phone came along and now nobody has a
         | landline anymore but everybody can record tiktoks anywhere
         | anytime and share them with the world within seconds.
         | 
         | Now imagine "AI". Sure, we have some new tools right now. Sure
         | we don't want to go back. But imagine the transformative
         | effects that could come if the train didn't stop here. Question
         | is just: will it?
        
         | hamilyon2 wrote:
         | If the progress in capabilities stall, the product fit,
         | adoption, ease of use are the next battlefield.
         | 
         | OpenAI may be first to realize and switch, so they still have a
         | chance to recoup some of those billions
        
         | badgersnake wrote:
         | They're garbage, they will always be garbage. Changing a 4 to a
         | 5 will not make it not garbage.
         | 
         | The whole sector is a hype bubble artificially inflating stock
         | prices.
        
           | Elextric wrote:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFc1jxLHhyM
        
             | badgersnake wrote:
             | If that's supposed to be impressive, it really isn't.
        
         | ninetyninenine wrote:
         | The definition of agi is a linguistic problem but people
         | confuse it for a philosophical problem. Think about it. The
         | term is basically just a classification and what features and
         | qualities fit the classification is an arbitrary and linguistic
         | choice.
         | 
         | The debate stems from a delusion and failure to realize that
         | people are simply picking and choosing different fringe
         | features on what qualifies as agi. Additionally the term exists
         | in a fuzzy state inside our minds as well. It's not that the
         | concept is profound. It's that some of the features that define
         | the classification of the term we aren't sure about. But this
         | doesn't matter because we are basically just unsure about the
         | definition of a term that we completely made up arbitrarily.
         | 
         | For example the definition of consciousness seems like a
         | profound debate but it's not. The word consciousness is a human
         | invention and the definition is vague because we choose the
         | definition to be ill defined, vague and controversial.
         | 
         | Much of the debate on this stuff is purely as I stated just a
         | language issue.
        
           | zifpanachr23 wrote:
           | If it's genuinely what you say, then how is what is going on
           | not slavery?
           | 
           | I don't believe AGI is possible but if it was and it was as
           | subjective as you say what is and isn't conscious, then it
           | starts to take on an even more altogether evil character.
           | 
           | Akin to cloning slave humans or something for free cheap
           | labor.
        
         | delusional wrote:
         | As a consumer you should always evaluate the product that is in
         | front of you, not the one they promise in 6 months. If what's
         | there is valuable to you, then that's great.
         | 
         | When we discuss the potential AGI we're not talking as
         | consumers, we're talking about the business side. If AGI is not
         | reached, you'll see an absolutely enormous market correction,
         | as it realizes that the product is not going to replace any
         | human workers.
         | 
         | The current generation of products are not profitable. They're
         | investments towards that AGI dream. If that dream doesn't
         | happen, then the current generation of stuff will disappear
         | too, as it becomes impossible to provide at a cost you'd be
         | comfortable with.
        
           | rajamaka wrote:
           | Human workers workers have already been replaced.
        
         | ryukoposting wrote:
         | At this point, most conceivable _beneficial_ use cases for LLMs
         | have been covered. If the economics of AI tech were aligned
         | with making a good product that people want and /or need, we'd
         | basically take everything we have at this point and make it
         | lighter, smaller, and faster. I doubt that's what will happen.
        
         | htrp wrote:
         | > Just today I used a completely local AI research tool, based
         | on Ollama. It worked great.
         | 
         | Is it on github?
        
         | michaelbuckbee wrote:
         | What was the AI search tool?
        
         | tiffanyh wrote:
         | I have the opposite reaction.
         | 
         | AI right now feels like that MBA person at work.
         | 
         | They don't know anything.
         | 
         | But because they sound like they are speaking with authority &
         | confidence, allows them to get promoted at work.
         | 
         | (While all of the experts at work roll their eyes because they
         | know the MBA/AI is just spitting out nonsense & wish the
         | company never had any MBA/AI people)
        
           | zppln wrote:
           | And the MBA person (at my company this is everyone in middle
           | management) is also the person who go around and suggest we
           | shoehorn AI into everything...
        
       | Deprogrammer9 wrote:
       | GPT-5 keeps trying to escape & throw off the guardrails.
       | 
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/ChatGPT/comments/1h7k5p6/openais_ne...
       | 
       | https://medium.com/design-bootcamp/gpt-4-tried-to-escape-int...
        
       | anshulbhide wrote:
       | I don't really care.
       | 
       | I had to come up with a proposal to build a new R&D centre
       | recently. To provide context on what our company does, I wrote a
       | web scraper to scrape our own website (faster than going to IT)
       | using Replit Agent and then fed that into O1 as context to come
       | up with the proposal.
       | 
       | In less than an hour.
       | 
       | There is no going back.
        
         | Buttons840 wrote:
         | Looking at it from a signal vs noise perspective:
         | 
         | The noise was the proposal, which was no doubt several pages at
         | least.
         | 
         | The signal was "we should build a new R&D centre".
         | 
         | Am I missing anything? Did you feed the AI some financial
         | figures or other information that couldn't be found on company
         | website? If so, that would also be part of the signal.
         | 
         | It reminds me of an experiment in which people wanted to cut in
         | line. Saying "can I cut in front of you because I'm in a
         | hurry?" was significantly more successful than saying "can I
         | cut in front of you?", even though they are essentially the
         | same. (I read about this in the book Influence: The Psychology
         | of Persuasion).
         | 
         | AI generated reports, proposals, and other fluff, can make
         | things seem so much more persuasive. Alice is going to ask her
         | AI to turn her 1 sentence into 5 paragraphs, and then Bob is
         | going to ask his AI to summarize the 5 paragraphs into 1
         | sentence.
        
         | aprilthird2021 wrote:
         | both you and another highlynupvoted poster have said some
         | versioj "never going back" or "dont want to go back" or "the
         | tools that exist now are already insane"
         | 
         | And while I'm happy for you, I don't see the relevance? this
         | post was not about "going back" or "stopping the use of AI
         | tools" at all?
        
           | 1propionyl wrote:
           | Presumably they meant "never going to back to not including
           | these tools in my daily workflow".
        
             | aprilthird2021 wrote:
             | Even if they meant that, that's not relevant to the
             | article. It's not saying anything like "you shouldn't use
             | these tools in your daily workflow"
        
           | zer0tonin wrote:
           | That's called a coping mechanism.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | If you managed to get the content by scraping the home website,
         | did you really need to build a scraper to collect this and feed
         | it into input for a model and have it spit out a proposal that
         | you probably proofread anyhow? Or, could you have simply taken
         | your own knowledge of the company, regurgitated some generic
         | corporate speak yourself on top of that, and came up with more
         | or less the same end product in maybe even less time?
        
       | justlikereddit wrote:
       | Promise the world and AGI.
       | 
       | Deliver just another 2021 flavored GPT chatbot.
        
       | Jean-Papoulos wrote:
       | The article is a big pile of nothing. Just re-hashing history for
       | 90 % and the rest is : - GPT5 not as smart as they want,
       | according to rumors - They are trying reasoning (yes we know they
       | showed o3)
        
       | rchaves wrote:
       | Nah it's just a marketing problem, "GPT" and "ChatGPT" names is
       | the biggest asset OpenAI has, people have expectations so high
       | for GPT-5 that they cannot burn this name unless it's something
       | truly majestic, bordering AGI at the very least. Until they are
       | confident enough that people will be blown off by it, it's better
       | to continue building up the hype
        
         | OtherShrezzing wrote:
         | The Half Life 3 of the SaaS/zirp era.
        
       | palata wrote:
       | > Altman told students in a talk at Stanford University that
       | OpenAI could say with "a high degree of scientific certainty"
       | that GPT-5 would be much smarter than the current model.
       | 
       | I love that quote. "I can tell you with a high degree of
       | scientific certainty that my product will be badass... for some
       | definition of badass, please don't ask".
       | 
       | I, too, could say with a high degree of scientific certainty that
       | while putting those words together sounds good, it makes no
       | sense.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | Imagine the ceo of intel going on stage and saying I can
         | promise with a high degree of certainty the next cpu will be
         | faster than the last. The fact that had to be said at all means
         | the short sellers are making their money alright.
        
       | soheil wrote:
       | AGI and beyond will be reached either by deregulating nuclear
       | power plant construction or breakthroughs in quantum computing
       | both of which we're on the verge of achieving.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | So my hot take:
       | 
       | LLMs have got to the point where they have (more or less) encoded
       | everything ever written by humanity. And encoded it in a
       | gazillion dimensioned matrix so they can take a query and
       | predict, given everything ever written, what the most likely set
       | of words are triggered by that query - and then produce that as a
       | sane parseable output.
       | 
       | I mean this is beyond awesome
       | 
       | But, this reminds me of Aristotle reasoning from his current set
       | of knowledge - and ending up with Eagles having three testicles.
       | 
       | No matter how much reasoning we do from current knowledge, we
       | need to test that against reality - that LLMs are great but the
       | scientific method is greater.
       | 
       | Google is in trouble, yes.
       | 
       | But humanity needs to hold on to science and it's precepts or we
       | spin into a new dark ages
        
       | LASR wrote:
       | So the team I lead does a lot of research around all the
       | "plumbing" around LLMs. Both technical and from a product-market
       | perspectives.
       | 
       | What I've learned is that for the most part that AI revolution is
       | not going to be because of PHD-level LLMs. It will be because
       | people are better equipped to use the high-schooler level LLMs to
       | do their work more efficiently.
       | 
       | We have some knowledge graph experiments where LLMs continuously
       | monitor user actions on Slack, GitHub etc and build up an
       | expertise store. It learns about your work, your workflows and
       | then you can RAG them.
       | 
       | In user testing, people most closely associated this experience
       | to having someone just being able to read their minds and
       | essentially auto-suggest their work outputs. Basically it's like
       | another team member.
       | 
       | Since these are just nodes in a knowledge graph, you can mix and
       | match expertise bases that span several skills too. Eg: A Pm who
       | understands the nuances of technical feasibility.
       | 
       | And it didn't require user training or prompting LLMs.
       | 
       | So while GPT-5 may be delayed, I don't think that's stopping or
       | slowing down a revolution in knowledge-worker productivity.
        
         | BillyTheKing wrote:
         | just a question for understanding - if we say 'it learns', does
         | it mean it actually learns this as part of its training data?
         | or does this mean it's stored in a vector DB and it retrieves
         | information based on vector search and then includes it in the
         | context window for query responses?
        
           | dcre wrote:
           | The latter. "Learning" in the comment clearly refers to
           | adding to the knowledge graph, not about training or fine-
           | tuning a model. "and then you can RAG them."
        
         | intellectronica wrote:
         | This ^^^^^!!
         | 
         | Progress in the applied domain (the sort of progress that makes
         | a different in the economy) will come predominantly from
         | integrating and orchestrating LLMs, with improvements to models
         | adding a little bit of extra fuel on top.
         | 
         | If we never get any model better than what we have now (several
         | GPT-4-quality models and some stronger models like o1/o3) we
         | will still have at least a decade of improvements and growth
         | across the entire economy and society.
         | 
         | We haven't even scratched the surface in the quest to
         | understand how to best integrate and orchestrate LLMs
         | effectively. These are very early days. There's still tons of
         | work to do in memory, RAG, tool calling, agentic workflows,
         | UI/UX, QA, security, ...
         | 
         | At this time, not more than 0.01% of the applications and
         | services that can be built using currently available AI and
         | that can meaningfully increase productivity and quality have
         | been built or even planned.
         | 
         | We may or may not get to AGI/ASI soon with the current stack
         | (I'm actually cautiously optimistic), but the obsessive jump
         | from the latest research progress at the frontier labs to
         | applied AI effectiveness is misguided.
        
         | mort96 wrote:
         | Honestly I wish you people would stop forcing this "AI
         | revolution" on us. It's not good. It's not useful. It's not
         | creating value. It's not "another team member"; other team
         | members have their own minds with their own ideas and their own
         | opinions. Your autocomplete takes my attention away from what
         | _I_ want to write and replaces it with what _you_ want me to
         | write. We don 't want it.
        
           | ranyume wrote:
           | OP's talking about a specific use-case related to tech
           | companies like Google. Not creative writing or research,
           | areas in which AI is in no shape for supporting humans with
           | it's current safety alignment.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | I'm not talking about creative writing or reearch.
        
         | solardev wrote:
         | > a revolution in knowledge-worker productivity.
         | 
         | That's a nice euphemism for "imminent mass layoffs and a race
         | to the bottom"...
        
           | atoav wrote:
           | These productivity gains won't be shared with the employees.
           | I think some people underestimate what a violent populus can
           | do to them if they squeeze out even more Yacht money from the
           | people.
        
           | kranke155 wrote:
           | The technology is not dystopian but our economic system makes
           | it so.
           | 
           | Up to you to figure out which will hold.
        
           | aprilthird2021 wrote:
           | Knowledge worker productivity has increased in other ways
           | over the decades. Increases don't always lead to mass
           | layoffs. Rails made (and still makes) many many web devs much
           | more productive than before. Its arrival did not lead to mass
           | layoffs
        
           | willmadden wrote:
           | No, the job market will adapt, just like it did during the
           | industrial and information revolutions, and life will be
           | better.
        
             | I-M-S wrote:
             | It will be better for those who already have it good. How
             | it will affect those who don't is the real question here.
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | In my lifetime there have seldom been much layoffs due to
           | improved technologies. The companies tend to invest to keep
           | up with the rival companies. The layoffs come more when the
           | companies become loss making for whatever reason eg. the UK
           | coal industry going, or Detroit being undercut by lower cost
           | car makers.
        
           | mrits wrote:
           | The idea that someone should be paid by a corporation when
           | they don't provide value is very strange to me. Doing so
           | seems like the real race to the bottom
        
           | a_wild_dandan wrote:
           | This conclusion is the lump of labor fallacy. It's not that
           | simple.
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | I already feel like Copilot in VScode can read my mind. It's
         | kind of creepy when it does it multiple times a day.
         | 
         | ChatGPT also seems to also be building a history of my queries
         | and my prompts are getting shorter and shorter because it
         | already knows my frameworks, databases, operating system, and
         | common problems I'm solving
        
       | karel-3d wrote:
       | I have to say I finally "caved in" to LLMs last month.
       | 
       | While I still think Copilot is useless, I recently had a very
       | complex code that did a lot of crazy bit-flipping and xoring, and
       | I had no idea what is it doing, so I threw it to ChatGPT.. and it
       | knew what it was doing.
       | 
       | I also needed to rewrite this code to PHP (for... reasons) while
       | I know very little PHP. And it did that! It was a bit wrong, I
       | needed to correct a bunch of stuff (based on domain knowledge),
       | but... it helped me a ton.
       | 
       | I still can't image using it daily for domain and language I
       | already know (that's why I never used copilot). But it actually
       | helped me in measurable ways when it's something new.
        
         | sampullman wrote:
         | That's basically my experience. It's great for learning or
         | getting things done when the subject is related to one you know
         | well (i.e. you understand the fundamentals and can verify
         | responses quickly).
         | 
         | It's not so good for a completely new subject, or one you have
         | a lot of experience in.
        
           | nycdatasci wrote:
           | They're not useful when you're completely new to a subject?
           | On the contrary, I've found that they are excellent when you
           | have limited knowledge in a domain and less useful when you
           | have expertise. They have allowed me to go from zero to
           | functioning MVP on numerous computer vision projects, even
           | though I have zero experience.
        
             | sampullman wrote:
             | Do you have programming experience? I probably didn't
             | explain well, what I meant is that if you have zero
             | relevant experience it can be difficult to verify
             | correctness.
             | 
             | For example, I'm comfortable with frontend development but
             | hadn't used webworkers or websockets. ChatGPT was useful
             | for getting up to speed quickly. I've had less luck with
             | topics that are completely new to me, one example is coming
             | up with a training regimen for long distance running. I
             | have to manually verify every little thing, which ends up
             | taking longer than doing research the old fashioned way.
             | 
             | I'd be surprised if you could go from zero to a useful CV
             | app with LLMs, but it's possible I just haven't given it a
             | fair shake.
        
         | vbezhenar wrote:
         | Effectively using AI tools is a skill. Much like effectively
         | using Google is a skill. You already saw glimpses of what it
         | can do. I suggest you to keep trying to find out boundaries
         | where it works reliably and where it does not.
         | 
         | I'm using Copilot daily. I don't use it to write code instead
         | of me. But I'm using it to generate lots of obvious code just
         | the same way that I would do. I know when to expect it to do
         | its work perfectly and I know when I need to supervise it. I
         | know when I'd spend more time editing generated code so I'd
         | write that code myself and I know when I'd spend less time
         | editing generated code.
         | 
         | I don't think that AI brings 10x or even 2x to my productivity,
         | so you can avoid using AI. But I certainly can say, that using
         | Copilot makes programming less tenuous in the same way using
         | autocomplete, autoimports and similar IDE stuff makes
         | programming less tenuous.
         | 
         | I also think that whether copilot helps or not depends on type
         | of code that you're writing. If you're very careful about DRY
         | and your language does not have much boilerplate, may be you'd
         | find it less useful. For example when I'm writing Go, every
         | second line is of kind `if err != nil { return
         | fmt.Errorf("Cannot bla: %w", err); }`. The only "intellectual"
         | part here is error message and Copilot generates it 99%
         | perfectly along with surrounding stuff.
        
         | dmead wrote:
         | Kill php with fire please.
        
         | guytv wrote:
         | Give Claude a try when code generating, it works much better
         | for my use cases.
        
       | johnisgood wrote:
       | Out of Claude and GPT, only Claude asks me questions if it does
       | not fully "know" something, be it the matter at hand or my
       | intentions. I think this is a good way to avoid "hallucinations".
       | GPT just keeps spouting whatever it can.
        
       | MKoberger wrote:
       | At what point does the pursuit of marginal improvements in AI
       | capabilities outweigh the financial and ethical considerations
       | involved in such projects? Any ideas how to balance innovation
       | and cost?
        
       | jaybna wrote:
       | 25% of the top 1000 websites are blocking OpenAI from crawling:
       | https://originality.ai/ai-bot-blocking
       | 
       | I am betting hundreds of thousands, rising to millions more
       | little sites, will start blocking/gating this year. AI companies
       | might license from big sources (you can see the blocking
       | percentage went down), but they will be missing the long tail,
       | where a lot of great novel training data lives. And then the big
       | sites will realize the money they got was trivial as agents start
       | to crush their businesses.
       | 
       | Bill Gross correctly calls this phase of AI shoplifting. I call
       | it the Napster-of-Everything (because I am old). I am also
       | betting that the courts won't buy the "fair use" interpretation
       | of scraping, given the revenues AI companies generate. That means
       | a potential stalling of new models until some mechanism is worked
       | out to pay knowledge creators. (And maybe nothing we know of now
       | will work for media: https://om.co/2024/12/21/dark-musings-on-
       | media-ai/)
       | 
       | Oh, and yes, I love generative AI and would be willing to pay
       | 100x to access it...
       | 
       | P.S. Hope is not a strategy, but hoping something like ProRata.ai
       | and/or TollBits can help make this self-sustainable for everyone
       | in the chain
        
         | cedws wrote:
         | Cloudflare has a toggle for blocking AI scrapers. I don't think
         | it's default, but it's there.
        
           | jaybna wrote:
           | They might get into the micro-licensing game too. More power
           | to them.
        
           | kyledrake wrote:
           | This just feels like mystery meat to me. My guess is that a
           | lot of legitimate users and VPNs are being blocked from
           | viewing sites, which numerous users in this discussion have
           | confirmed.
           | 
           | This seems like a very bad way to approach this, and
           | ironically their model quite possible also uses some sort of
           | machine learning to work.
           | 
           | A few web hosting platforms are using the cloudflare blocker
           | and I think it's incredibly unethical. They're inevitably
           | blocking millions of legitimate users from viewing content on
           | other people's sites and then pretending it's "anti AI". To
           | paraphrase Theo Deraadt, they saw something on the shelf, and
           | it has all sorts of pretty colours, and they bought it.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | > I think it's incredibly unethical.
             | 
             | The internet isn't built on ethical behavior,
             | unfortunately.
        
               | kyledrake wrote:
               | I get that a lot of people are opposed to AI, but
               | blocking random IP ranges seems like a really
               | inappropriate way to do this, the friendly fire is going
               | to be massive. The robots.txt approach is fine, but it
               | would be nice if it could get standardized so that you
               | don't have to change it a lot based on new companies
               | (like a generic no llm crawling directive for example).
        
           | input_sh wrote:
           | It's not much smarter than just adding user agents to
           | robots.txt manually.
        
         | jpablo wrote:
         | They aren't blocking anything. They are just asking nicely not
         | to be crawled. Given that AI companies haven't cared a single
         | bit about ripping of other's peoples data I don't see why they
         | would care now.
        
           | jaybna wrote:
           | Yeah, probably right. If you want a great rabbit hole, look
           | up "Common Crawl" and see how a great academic project was
           | absolutely hijacked for pennies on the dollar to grab
           | training data - the foundation for every LLM out there right
           | now.
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | It's hard to envision a greater success for the "great
             | academic project" than what happened. I mean, what else
             | were they trying to accomplish?
        
               | jaybna wrote:
               | It was meant to be an open-source compilation of the
               | crawled internet so that research could be done on web
               | search given how opaque Google's process is. It was NOT
               | meant to be a cheap source of data for for-profit LLM's
               | to train on.
               | 
               | *edit: added "for-profit"
        
           | wing-_-nuts wrote:
           | A number of sites have started outright blocking _any_
           | traffic that looks remotely suspicious. This has made
           | browsing with a vpn a bit of a pain.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | This has been ever increasing for years now. Bots, attacks,
             | scrapers, AI, all these things seem to be the majority of
             | traffic on most sites.
        
             | superluserdo wrote:
             | I wish I could go back to the days of doing almost anything
             | at all without having to tell a server what a motorbike or
             | traffic light is.
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | LPT: switch to the audio captcha. Yes, it takes a bit
               | longer than if you did one grid captcha perfectly, but I
               | never have to sit there and wonder if a square really has
               | a crosswalk or not, and I never wind up doing more than
               | one.
        
           | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
           | In their attempt to block OpenAI, they block me. Many sites
           | that were accessible just 2 years ago, require
           | login/captchas/rectal exam now just to read the content.
        
             | ammanley wrote:
             | Im looking forward to the life experience that is content I
             | want to read badly enough to endure a rectal exam.
        
               | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
               | It's not that bad ...
        
             | josu wrote:
             | > captchas
             | 
             | I suspect that AIs are already more effective than humans
             | at passing captchas.
        
               | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
               | That would be an example of AI providing real value that
               | I would pay for.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | These exist for a fee if you want to use them
        
           | njovin wrote:
           | Wouldn't it be somewhat trivial to set up honeypots?
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | They block plenty and they do it crudely. I get suspicious
           | traffic bans from reddit all the time. Trivial enough to
           | route around by switching user agent however. Which goes to
           | show any crawling bot writer worth their salt already routes
           | around reddit and most other sites bs by now. I'm just the
           | one getting the occasional headache because I use firefox and
           | block ads and site tracking I guess.
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | Doing basic copyright analyses on model outputs is all that is
         | needed. Check if the output contains copyright, block it if it
         | does.
         | 
         | Transformers aren't zettabyte sized archives with a smart
         | searching algo, running around the web stuffing everything they
         | can into their datacenter sized storage. They are typically a
         | few dozen GB in size, if that. They don't copy data, they move
         | vectors in a high dimensional space based on data.
         | 
         | Sometimes (note: sometimes) they can recreate copyrighted work,
         | never perfectly, but close enough to raise alarm and in a way
         | that a court would rule as violation of copyright. Thankfully
         | though we have a simple fix for this developed over the 30
         | years of people sharing content on the internet: automatic
         | copyright filters.
        
           | jaybna wrote:
           | So then copyrighted content scraped is not needed for
           | training? Guess I missed AGI suddenly appearing that reasoned
           | things out all by itself.
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | Nothing builds a better strawman than a foundation started
             | with "So".
        
           | EricMausler wrote:
           | No comment on if output analysis is all that is needed,
           | though it makes sense to me. Just wanted to note that using
           | file size differences as an argument may simply imply
           | transformers could be a form of (either very lossy or very
           | efficient) compression.
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | You can argue any form of data is an arbitrarily lossy
             | compression of any other form of data.
             | 
             | I get your point, but nobody is archiving their companies
             | 50 years of R&D data with and LLM so they can get it down
             | to 10GB.
             | 
             | They may have traits of data compression, but they are not
             | at all in the class of data compression software.
        
           | parineum wrote:
           | It's not even close to that simple. Nobody is really
           | questioning if the data contains the copyrighted information,
           | we know that to be true in enough cases to bankrupt open ai,
           | the question is what analogy should the courts be using as a
           | basis to determine if it's infringement.
           | 
           | It read many works but can't duplicate them exactly sounds a
           | lot like what I've done, to be honest. I can give you a few
           | memorable lines to a few songs but only really can come close
           | to reciting my favorites completely. The LLMs are similar but
           | their favorites are the favorites of the training data. A
           | line in a pop song mentioned a billion times is likely
           | reproducible, the lyrics to the next track on the album, not
           | so much.
           | 
           | IMO, any infringement that might have happened would be
           | acquiring data in the first place but copy protection cares
           | more about illegal reproduction than illegal acquisition.
        
         | Kostchei wrote:
         | Using the real world- as in vision, 3d orientation, physical
         | sensors and building training regimes that augment the
         | _language_ models to be multidimensional and check that
         | perception, that is the next step.
         | 
         | And there is very little shortage of data and experience in the
         | actual world, as opposed to just the text internet. Can the
         | current AI companies pivot to that? Or do you need to be
         | worldlabs, or v2 of worldlabs?
        
           | shanusmagnus wrote:
           | Ironically, if it plays out this way, it will be the biggest
           | boon to actual AGI development there could be -- the
           | intelligence via text tokenization will be a limiting factor
           | otherwise, imo.
        
           | Tossrock wrote:
           | Some can. Google owns Waymo and runs Streetview, they're
           | collecting massive amounts of spatial data all the time. It
           | would be harder for the MS/OpenAI centaur.
        
         | vidarh wrote:
         | All the big players are pouring a fortune into manually curated
         | and created training data.
         | 
         | As it stands, OpenAI has a market cap large enough to buy a
         | major international media conglomerate or two. They'll get data
         | no matter how blocked they get.
        
         | aftbit wrote:
         | IMO this is an underappreciated advantage for Google. Nobody
         | wants to block the GoogleBot, so they can continue to scrape
         | for AI data long after AI-specific companies get blocked.
         | 
         | Gemini is currently embarrassingly bad given it came from the
         | shop that:
         | 
         | 1. invented the Transformer architecture
         | 
         | 2. has (one of) the largest compute clusters on the planet
         | 
         | 3. can scrape every website thanks to a long-standing whitelist
        
           | tartuffe78 wrote:
           | Wonder if OpenAI is considering building a search engine for
           | this reason... Imagine if we get a functional search engine
           | again from some company just trying to feeding their model
           | generation...
        
           | Art9681 wrote:
           | The new Gemini Experimental models are the best general
           | purpose models out right now. I have been comparing with o1
           | Pro and I prefer Gemini Experimental 1206 due to its context,
           | speed, and accuracy. Google came out with a lot of new stuff
           | last week if you havent been following. They seem to have the
           | best models across the board, including image and video.
        
             | HaZeust wrote:
             | Omnimodal and code/writing output still has a ways to go
             | for Gemini - I _have_ been following and their benchmarks
             | are not impressive compared to the competition, let alone
             | my anecdotal experience in using Claude for coding, GPT for
             | spec-writing, and Gemini for... Occasional cautious
             | optimism to see if it can replace either.
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | _> Nobody wants to block the GoogleBot_
           | 
           | This only remains true as long as website operators think
           | that Google Search is useful as a driver of traffic. In tech
           | circles Google Search is already considered a flaming
           | dumpster heap, so let's take bets on when that sentiment
           | percolates out into the mainstream.
        
             | dageshi wrote:
             | If it reaches the point where google is no longer a useful
             | driver of traffic then there's probably little point in
             | having a website at all any more.
        
               | 5h wrote:
               | Strange take ... I seem to remember websites having a lot
               | of point before google.
        
               | dageshi wrote:
               | They had a point back then because no alternatives
               | existed.
               | 
               | How many websites back then would be youtube channels,
               | podcasts or social media accounts if they had existed
               | back then?
               | 
               | Nowadays most sites survive via traffic from google, if
               | it goes away then most of those sites go away as well.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | They had a lot or point because....
               | 
               | 1. They were a major site that was an initial starting
               | point for traffic
               | 
               | 2. Search engines pointed to them and people could locate
               | them.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | That was all a long time ago. Now people tend to go to a
               | few 'all in one sites'. Google, reddit, '$big social
               | media'. Other than Google most of those places optimize
               | you to stay on that particular site rather than go to
               | other people's content. The 'web' was a web of
               | interconnectedness. Now it's more like a singularity.
               | Once you pass the event horizon of their domain you can
               | never escape again.
        
           | thiagowfx wrote:
           | There are two to distinguish: "Googlebot" and "Google-
           | Extended".
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | That seems to be more like a courtesy that Google could
             | stop extending at any point than a requirement grounded in
             | law or legal precedent.
        
           | jameslk wrote:
           | For OpenAI, they could lean on their relationship with
           | Microsoft for Bing crawler access
           | 
           | Websites won't be blocking the search engine crawlers until
           | they stop sending back traffic, even if they're sending back
           | less and less traffic
        
         | code51 wrote:
         | With current state of legal, a real challenge can happen only
         | around 10 years from now. By then AI players will gather
         | immense power over the law.
        
         | glenstein wrote:
         | >Bill Gross correctly calls this phase of AI shoplifting. I
         | call it the Napster-of-Everything (because I am old). I am also
         | betting that the courts won't buy the "fair use" interpretation
         | of scraping, given the revenues AI companies generate. That
         | means a potential stalling of new models until some mechanism
         | is worked out to pay knowledge creators.
         | 
         | To your point, I have wondered whatever became of that massive
         | initiative from Google to scan books, and whether that might be
         | looked at as a potential training source, giving that Google
         | has run into legal limitations on other forms of usage.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | > To your point, I have wondered whatever became of that
           | massive initiative from Google to scan books, and whether
           | that might be looked at as a potential training source,
           | giving that Google has run into legal limitations on other
           | forms of usage.
           | 
           | Still around, doing fine:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books and https://books.
           | google.com/intl/en/googlebooks/about/index.htm...
           | 
           | Given the timing, I suspect it was started as simple
           | indexing, in keeping with the mission statement "Organize the
           | world's information and make it universally accessible and
           | useful".
           | 
           | There was also reCAPTCHA v1 (books) and v2 (street view),
           | which each improved OCR AI until the state of the art AI were
           | able to defeat them in the role of CAPTCHA systems.
        
             | glenstein wrote:
             | I don't know what you mean by timing (relative to what?) or
             | "simple indexing" (they scanned the complete contents of
             | books), but I am, and was already aware, of the wiki
             | article and the role of recaptcha.
             | 
             | Maybe I wasn't clear, but I was interested in the
             | consequences of the legal stuff. It's not clear from the
             | wiki article what any of this means with respect to the
             | suitability of scans for AI training.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > I don't know what you mean by timing (relative to
               | what?) or "simple indexing" (they scanned the complete
               | contents of books), but I am, and was already aware, of
               | the wiki article and the role of recaptcha.
               | 
               | Timing as in: it started in 2004, when the most advanced
               | AI most people used was a spam filter, so it wasn't seen
               | as a training issue (in the way that LLMs are) _*at the
               | time*_.
               | 
               | As for training rights, I agree with you, there's no
               | clarity for how such data could be used _*today*_ by the
               | people who have it. Especially as the arguments in favour
               | of LLM training are often by comparison to search engine
               | indexing.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Until such time as a lawsuit declares otherwise, Google's
               | position is obviously that scanning books, OCRing them,
               | saving that text in a database, and using that to allow
               | searching is no different, legally, than scanning books,
               | OCRing them, saving that text in to a database, and using
               | that to train LLMs. Book publishers already went up
               | against Google for the practice of scanning in the first
               | place, we'll see if they try again with LLM training.
        
           | pncnmnp wrote:
           | > I have wondered whatever became of that massive initiative
           | from Google to scan books, and whether that might be looked
           | at as a potential training source, giving that Google has run
           | into legal limitations on other forms of usage.
           | 
           | A few months ago, there was an interesting submission on HN
           | about this - The Tragedy of Google Books (2017)
           | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41917016).
        
         | cshores wrote:
         | It ultimately doesn't matter because a fairly current snapshot
         | of all of the world's information is already housed in their
         | data lakes. The next stage for AI training is to generate
         | synthetic data either by other AI or by simulations to further
         | train on as human generated content can only go so far.
        
           | pphysch wrote:
           | How is synthetic data supposed to work? Broadly speaking, ML
           | is about extracting signal from noisy data and learning the
           | subtle patterns.
           | 
           | If there is untapped signal in existing datasets, then
           | learning processes should be improved. It does not follow
           | that there should be a separate economic step where someone
           | produces "synthetic data" from the real data, and then we
           | treat the fake data as real data. From a scientific
           | perspective, that last part sounds really bad.
           | 
           | Creating derivative data from real data sounds, for the
           | purpose of machine learning, like a scam by the data broker
           | industry. What is the theory behind it, if not fleecing
           | unsophisticated "AI" companies? Is it just myopia, Goodhart's
           | Law applied to LLM scaling curves? Some MBA took the "data is
           | the new oil" comment a little too seriously and inferred that
           | data is as fungible as refined petroleum?
        
             | RationPhantoms wrote:
             | Would you trust a ML self-driving algorithm trained on a
             | "digital twin" of a city? I would. I view synthetic
             | training data like a digital twin in which it can provider
             | further control or specified noise to understand from.
        
               | Corrado wrote:
               | Isn't this what Tesla does for their driving data?
               | However it would fall apart if they didn't have real
               | world days to feed into it, right?
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | What makes you assume your digital twin is actually
               | capturing the factors that contribute to variation in the
               | real data? This is a big issue in simulation design but
               | for ml researchers its hand-waved off seemingly.
        
               | joshribakoff wrote:
               | It either improves the results or it does not, i don't
               | think i see the problem.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Probably due to reports like these where the digital twin
               | is credited with gains in factory efficiency.
               | 
               | https://www.forbes.com/sites/carolynschwaar/2024/12/09/sc
               | hae...
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | > _Would you trust a ML self-driving algorithm trained on
               | a "digital twin" of a city? I would._
               | 
               | No, just as I wouldn't trust a surgeon who studied
               | medicine by playing Operation. A gross approximation is
               | not a substitute for real life.
        
               | joshribakoff wrote:
               | What about a doctor who used a mix of training both on
               | live patients as well as cadavers and models?
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | Is this doctor able to learn new information and work
               | through novel problems on the fly, or will their actions
               | always be based on the studying they did in the past on
               | old information?
               | 
               | Similarly, when this doctor sees something new, will they
               | just write it off as something they've seen before and
               | confidently work from that assumption?
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Hope you don't need surgery then! Suture training kits
               | like these are quite popular for surgeons to train on.
               | https://a.co/d/3cAotZ0 I don't know about you, but I'm
               | not a rubbery rectangular slab of plastic, so obviously
               | this kit can't help them learn.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | This is a reason I opted to have a plastic surgeon come
               | in when I went to the ER with an injury.
               | 
               | I could've had the nurse close me up and leave me with a
               | scar, which she admitted would happen with her practice,
               | or I could have someone with extensive experience
               | treating wounds so that they'd heal in cosmetically
               | appealing way do it. I opted for the latter.
        
               | scottLobster wrote:
               | The difference being that you have to do a little more
               | than that to become a board-certified surgeon. If a VC
               | gives you a billion dollars to buy and practice on every
               | available surgery practice kit in the world, you will
               | still fail to become a surgeon. And we enforce such
               | standards because if we don't then people die needlessly.
        
               | Nevermark wrote:
               | How a model learns doesn't really matter. What works
               | works.
               | 
               | How it is tested and validated is what matters.
               | 
               | There are lots of ways to train on synthetic data, and
               | synthetic data can have advantages as well as
               | disadvantages over natural data.
               | 
               | Creative use of synthetic data is going to lead to many
               | cases where we find it is good enough. Or even better
               | than natural data.
        
               | scottLobster wrote:
               | No, because right now I'm working closely with some EEs
               | to troubleshoot electrical issues on some prototype
               | boards (I wrote the firmware). They're prototypes
               | precisely because we know the limits of our models and
               | simulations and need real world boards to test our
               | electronics design and firmware on.
               | 
               | You're suggesting the new, untested models in a new,
               | untested technological field are sufficient for
               | deployment in real world applications even with a lack of
               | real world data to supplement them. That's magical
               | thinking given what we've experienced in every other
               | field of engineering (and finance for that matter).
               | 
               | Why is AI/ML any different? Because highly
               | anthropomorphized words like "learning" and
               | "intelligence" are in the name? These models are some of
               | the most complex machines humanity has ever produced.
               | Replace "learning" and "intelligence" with "calibrated
               | probability calculators". Then detail the sheer
               | complexity of the calibrations needed, and tell me with a
               | straight face that simulations are good enough.
        
               | Nevermark wrote:
               | Both are likely to be much better.
               | 
               | Simulations may not be good enough alone, but still
               | provide a significant boost.
               | 
               | Simulations can cheaply include scenarios that would be
               | costly or dangerous to actually perform in the real
               | world. And cover many combinations of scenario factors to
               | improve combinatorial coverage.
               | 
               | Another way is to separate models into highly real world
               | dependent (sensory interpretation) and more independent
               | (kinematics based on sensory interpretation) parts. The
               | latter being more suited to training in simulation.
               | Obviously full real world testing is still necessary to
               | validate the results.
        
             | cshores wrote:
             | As others have mentioned, Tesla is already implementing
             | similar advancements. More broadly, a new AI framework
             | called Genesis has emerged, capable of training robots in
             | just minutes using purely synthetic data. It generates a
             | virtual environment for the robot to "perceive" and train
             | within, even though this environment doesn't physically
             | exist. This is just one example. Another could involve an
             | AI specifically trained to diagnose illnesses based on
             | genetic information in DNA. The insights gained from this
             | virtual scientist could then cross-pollinate with other
             | AIs, enhancing their training and capabilities as well.
        
               | Nevermark wrote:
               | Competition between AI's to solve problems better or
               | faster than each other, but learning from each other, is
               | another way to start with simple problems and naturally
               | bootstrap increasing difficulty.
        
             | joshribakoff wrote:
             | I tried to train an AI to guess the weight and reps from my
             | exercise log but it would produce nonsense results for rep
             | ranges I didn't have enough training data for, as if it
             | didn't understand that more weight means less reps. I used
             | synthetic training data and interpolated and imputed data
             | for rep ranges I didn't have data for using estimation
             | formulas, the network then predicted better, but it also
             | made me realize i basically made the model learn the
             | prediction formula and AI was not actually needed and im
             | better off using the prediction formula. But it also
             | illustrates that the model can learn from a calculation or
             | estimation the same way it learns from the real world,
             | without necessarily needing to train exclusively in the
             | real world. An ai car driving in a simulation may actually
             | learn some of the formulas that apply both in the
             | simulation and in the real world. The same simulations and
             | synthetic data can also be just as useful for validation
             | not just training. It's not hard to imagine scenarios that
             | are impractical, illegal or unethical to test in real life.
             | Also, as AI becomes more advanced, synthetic data can be
             | useful for generating superhuman examples. It's not hard to
             | imagine you could improve upon data from a human driver by
             | synthetically altering it to be even safer.
        
             | elfly wrote:
             | Synthetic data works as long as it is directed towards a
             | clear objective and curated.
             | 
             | At one point someone generated a Python teaching book from
             | a LLM, took that, trained a second LLM with that, and the
             | new LLM knew Python.
             | 
             | If you are just dragging random content from the web and
             | you don't know what's synthetic and what's human, that data
             | may be contaminated and a lot less useful, but if someone
             | wanted to whitewash their training data by replacing a part
             | of it with synthetic data, it can be done.
        
           | jaybna wrote:
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07566-y
        
         | cma wrote:
         | People upload lots from those sites to chatgpt asking to
         | summarize.
        
           | devsda wrote:
           | That's still manual and minuscule compared to the amount they
           | can gather by scraping.
           | 
           | If blocking really becomes a problem, they can take a page
           | out of Google's playbook[1] and develop a browser extension
           | to scrape page content and in exchange offer some free
           | credits for Chat-GPT or a summarizer type of tool(s). There
           | won't be shortage of users.
           | 
           | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Toolbar
        
             | cma wrote:
             | Before long people will also continuously use it to watch
             | their screen and act as an assistant, so it can slurp up
             | everything people actually read. People could poison it
             | though with faked browsing of e. G. foreign propaganda
             | stuff made to look like being read from CNN.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | If you're willing to believe the narrative that there's some
         | sort of existential "race to AGI" going on at the moment (I'm
         | ambivalent myself, but my opinion doesn't really matter; if
         | enough people believe it to be true, it becomes true), I don't
         | think that'll realistically stop anyone.
         | 
         | Not sure how exactly the Library of Congress is structured, but
         | the equivalent in several countries can request a free copy of
         | everything published.
         | 
         | Extending that to the web (if it's not already legally, if not
         | practically, the case) and then allowing US companies to crawl
         | the resulting dataset as a matter of national security, seems
         | like a step I could see within the next few years.
        
         | jasondigitized wrote:
         | The amount of content coming off of YouTube every minute puts
         | Google in a very enviable position.
        
         | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
         | Bill Gross:
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/Bill_Gross/status/1859999138836025808
         | 
         | https://pdl-iphone-cnbc-com.akamaized.net/VCPS/Y2024/M11D20/...
         | 
         | He appears to be criticising "AI" only to solicit support for
         | his own company.
        
         | heavyset_go wrote:
         | > _I am betting hundreds of thousands, rising to millions more
         | little sites, will start blocking /gating this year. AI
         | companies might license from big sources (you can see the
         | blocking percentage went down), but they will be missing the
         | long tail, where a lot of great novel training data lives._
         | 
         | This is where I'm at. I write content when I run into problems
         | that I don't see solved anywhere else, so my sites host novel
         | content and niche solutions to problems that don't exist
         | elsewhere, and if they do, they are cited as sources in other
         | publications, or are outright plagiarized.
         | 
         | Right now, LLMs can't answer questions that my content
         | addresses.
         | 
         | If it ever gets to the point where LLMs are sufficiently
         | trained on my data, I'm done writing and publishing content
         | online for good.
        
           | zifpanachr23 wrote:
           | I don't think it is at all selfish to want to get some credit
           | for going to the trouble of publishing novel content and not
           | have it all stolen via an AI scraping your site. I'm totally
           | on your side and I think people that don't see this as a
           | problem are massively out of touch.
           | 
           | I work in a pretty niche field and feel the same way. I don't
           | mind sharing my writing with individuals (even if they don't
           | directly cite me) because then they see my name and know who
           | came up with it, so I still get some credit. You could call
           | this "clout farming" or something derogatory, but this is how
           | a lot of experts genuinely get work...by being known as "the
           | <something> guy who gave us that great tip on a blog once".
           | 
           | With AI snooping around, I feel like becoming one of those
           | old mathematicians that would hold back publicizing new
           | results to keep them all for themselves. That doesn't seem
           | selfish to me, humans have a right to protect ourselves and
           | survive and maintain the value of our expertise when OpenAI
           | isn't offering any money.
           | 
           | I honestly think we should just be done with writing content
           | online now, before it's too late. I've thought a lot about it
           | lately and I'm leaning more towards that option.
        
             | heavyset_go wrote:
             | Agree with your assessment. I enjoy the little networks of
             | people that develop as others use and share content. I
             | enjoy the personal messages of thanks, the insights that
             | are shared with me and seeing how my work influences others
             | and the work they do. It's really cool to learn that
             | something I made is the jumping off point for something
             | bigger than I ever foresaw. Hell, just being reached out to
             | help out or answer questions is... nice? I guess.
             | 
             | It's the little bits of humanity that I enjoy, and
             | divorcing content from its creators is alienating in that
             | way.
             | 
             | I'm not a musician, but I imagine there are similar
             | motivations and appreciations artists have when sharing
             | their work.
             | 
             | > _I work in a pretty niche field and feel the same way. I
             | don 't mind sharing my writing with individuals (even if
             | they don't directly cite me) because then they see my name
             | and know who came up with it, so I still get some credit.
             | You could call this "clout farming" or something
             | derogatory, but this is how a lot of experts genuinely get
             | work...by being known as "the <something> guy who gave us
             | that great tip on a blog once"._
             | 
             | Yup, my writing has netted me clients who pointed at my
             | sites as being a deciding factor in working with me.
             | 
             | > _I honestly think we should just be done with writing
             | content online now, before it 's too late. I've thought a
             | lot about it lately and I'm leaning more towards that
             | option._
             | 
             | The rational side of me agrees with you, and has for a
             | while now, but the human side of me still wants to write.
        
         | zifpanachr23 wrote:
         | I agree with you about the fair use argument. Seems like it
         | doesn't meet a lot of the criteria for fair use based on my lay
         | understanding of how those factors are generally applied.
         | 
         | See https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/four-
         | factors/
         | 
         | I think in particular it fails the "Amount and substantiality
         | of the portion taken" and "Effect of the use on the potential
         | market" extremely egregiously.
        
       | LightBug1 wrote:
       | I just want to say something random. ChatGPT cited and English
       | newspaper called 'The Sun' in the answer to a query I made this
       | moring.
       | 
       | I found that amusing and figured then that we might already be
       | beyond peak AI!
       | 
       | If AI is trained on sources that include The Sun, it's going to
       | end up being garbage and/or constantly needing to be fact
       | checked.
        
         | barrenko wrote:
         | It is, which shouldn't be a surprise to anyone.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | About once a week the google ai summary completely flubs the
         | numbers of something I query on google. If you did that on
         | stackoverflow you'd be flamed and put in your place with the
         | right answer. No one is flaming the ai, it just became the
         | source of truth one day with billions invested.
        
       | hfgjbcgjbvg wrote:
       | I've actually found that when I work on less altruistic projects
       | more random roadblocks come up. Take it as a sign from the
       | universe to reflect.
        
       | Ninjinka wrote:
       | It is behind, but reading the tea leaves of some of Altman's
       | recent interactions on X, I'm guessing it's only a few weeks out.
        
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