[HN Gopher] Updates to H-1B
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Updates to H-1B
        
       Author : sul_tasto
       Score  : 427 points
       Date   : 2024-12-18 13:54 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.uscis.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.uscis.gov)
        
       | pseingatl wrote:
       | Cancel the program.
       | 
       | It's not needed.
       | 
       | It's used to game the system.
       | 
       | It's not supposed to be a backdoor to a green card.
        
         | garyfirestorm wrote:
         | lmao, what do you mean by backdoor? how else would someone
         | legally immigrate?
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | Some people get upset that someone on a 'non-immigrant'
           | 'temporary employment' visa can apply for permanent
           | residency, although that is allowed by the H1-B program.
           | 
           | Otherwise, one could immigrate through a different visa;
           | there are some employment visas that are explicitly intended
           | for those with intent to immigrate. Or like a family or
           | lottery visa, I guess.
           | 
           | I think it's possible to have a permanent residency
           | application sponsored by an employer from abroad, but
           | especially if the candidate is from China, India, Mexico or
           | the Philipines, the timelines make even less sense than H1-B
           | timelines (submit your application in a two week window near
           | the beginning of March, for the chance to start in October).
           | I don't know too many places that want to commit to a hire
           | that can't start for 7 months, although it's not unreasonable
           | for those on post graduate visas with work eligibility.
        
             | ganeshkrishnan wrote:
             | It takes around 20+ years to go from H1b to permanent
             | visa/green card. In the meantime your kids born in US have
             | grown up, graduated, you have a house and everything could
             | be yanked at the border when you are travelling.
             | 
             | Meanwhile vast majority of them pay into taxes and social
             | security and leave the US and never see a dime of that
             | money.
             | 
             | Immigrants are the easiest group to exploit by everyone
             | because they have no voice and are vilified by vast
             | majority of the people include the so called intellectuals
             | in here.
        
               | newyankee wrote:
               | Yup, left US after years of working and doubt will ever
               | see social security for self.
        
               | next_xibalba wrote:
               | I'm sure this is no consolation, but as a born-and-raised
               | citizen who has paid into social security for 15 years
               | now, I have serious doubts about seeing a positive return
               | on those taxes myself.
        
               | lern_too_spel wrote:
               | That's not how social security works. You're not supposed
               | to get a positive return. You directly pay a basic income
               | to retired people (minus administration costs). When you
               | retire, workers pay a basic income to you.
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure they understand how social security
               | works. You missed the point they were making.
        
               | lern_too_spel wrote:
               | Asking for a positive return on social security is like
               | asking for a positive return on welfare. The positive
               | return comes from not having so many homeless old people
               | all over the country. It's not a personal investment
               | vehicle.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | It could be that OP expects Social Security to be kaput
               | by the time he gets to be old.
               | 
               | Looking at the population graph, that's a valid concern.
               | There's a ton of boomers and a ton of millenials, but
               | very few babies to pay for our retirement.
               | 
               | (This phenomenon could invalidate even individual stock
               | investment retirement plans as well. We need a future
               | generation of workers, investors, entrepreneurs,
               | consumers).
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | The issue is that, for me and anyone else who reaches
               | retirement age after 2034, only about 80% of that basic
               | income will be available. For reasons I'm not super clear
               | on, this idea tends to get coded as a conspiracy theory
               | in many circles, despite being uncontroversially true and
               | widely reported on.
        
               | lern_too_spel wrote:
               | That's a perennial Boogeyman. Policymakers have a wide
               | array of tweaks they could make (from adjusting the cap
               | to adjusting retirement age) at any time that could push
               | that out by another century.
               | https://www.epi.org/blog/a-record-share-of-earnings-was-
               | not-...
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | This is how it works, but it is not how it was sold (and
               | all the "work tracking" confuses people as to what it is
               | doing).
        
               | radicality wrote:
               | Social security also kinda feels like a Ponzi scheme. Use
               | current 'investors' money to pay for retired people.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | If you were paying retired people with investors money
               | then why does SSA have a giant surplus of nearly 3
               | trillion [1]?
               | 
               | The surplus is because of all the people that have payed
               | into the program and haven't retired yet ...
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.ssa.gov/oact/progdata/assets.html
        
               | commandlinefan wrote:
               | If only they just used the current 'investors' money to
               | pay the retirees. They actually use the social security
               | taxes to pay for "whatever" and hope they can come up
               | with the rest when they need it.
        
               | ganeshkrishnan wrote:
               | >I'm sure this is no consolation, but as a born-and-
               | raised citizen who has paid into social security for 15
               | years now, I have serious doubts about seeing a positive
               | return on those taxes myself.
               | 
               | Look at the bright side though: You get a chance to get
               | conscripted for a war against Iran/Russia/China and also
               | get to blow up windowless mudhouses in the desert to
               | protect democracy and freedom back in the states.
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | So these highly skilled and smart immigrants coming on H1
               | to US without ever understanding what they are getting
               | into?
               | 
               | They should absolutely be shunning this unfair system and
               | helping India become _vishwaguru_ of software.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | The byzantine US immigration system absolutely _is_ an
               | impediment to people coming and staying here, and in my
               | (admittedly anecdotal) estimation is a major competitive
               | disadvantage, and a big part of the reason the UK, EU,
               | Canada and China are making progress towards becoming
               | tech hubs.
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | Well everyone is making progress. Relevant point is how
               | far they have come and how long they've taken.
        
               | aylmao wrote:
               | Those particular cases have benefited by the shortcomings
               | of the USA actually. I know some big tech companies send
               | workers who weren't able to secure US immigration
               | specifically to offices in Canada, the UK or the EU. For
               | example Meta and Google [1][2].
               | 
               | One can expect the company then grows an interest in
               | developing full engineering teams in these sites. One can
               | also expect some people might simply decide to not come
               | back to the USA.
               | 
               | With the general rise of China's tech scene, recently
               | there's been a trend by which the USA doesn't retain
               | Chinese international students and they instead opt to
               | return home. One has to imagine the very, very long
               | immigration process they have to go to has to do with
               | this [4].
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.teamblind.com/post/Does-Meta-relocate-
               | you-to-Can...
               | 
               | [2]: https://www.quora.com/Is-it-difficult-to-relocate-
               | from-the-G...
               | 
               | [3]: https://news.cgtn.com/news/2024-08-29/The-return-
               | wave-Why-80...
               | 
               | [4]: https://www.statista.com/chart/16528/long-wait-
               | times-for-gre...
        
               | theflyinghorse wrote:
               | Canada is not making any sort of progress towards
               | becoming a tech hub. Canadian engineers' dream is to work
               | for a US company. Canadian investment landscape is just
               | sad, but that's a different conversation all together.
        
               | lern_too_spel wrote:
               | Outcomes aren't binary. For any marginal increase in
               | immigration difficulty for skilled tech workers, there is
               | a marginal decrease in US tech competitiveness relative
               | to other countries.
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | > It takes around 20+ years to go from H1b to permanent
               | visa/green card.
               | 
               | Primarily only for Indians. For almost everyone else,
               | it's much quicker. Most people I know get it in 2-3
               | years. Many in under 2 years.
               | 
               | (And yes, it's frankly immoral that they have a separate
               | queue for Indians).
               | 
               | So don't get rid of H1B. Make it one queue.
        
               | thatfrenchguy wrote:
               | 20 years only if you're born in India married to someone
               | born in India. Not great either way though, but it's
               | really affecting the Indian community because of their
               | particular norms.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | If your spouse is a US citizen or permanent resident on
               | their own, great. But if you're on H1-B and your spouse
               | is on H-4, I don't think their country of birth makes a
               | difference?
               | 
               | If you're both on H1-B, then sure, having a different
               | country of birth can help.
        
               | lanakei wrote:
               | It does make a difference. When filing for adjustment of
               | status, you can request USCIS to consider both you and
               | your spouse as chargable to your _spouse 's_ country of
               | birth, and therefore be placed in a more favourable GC
               | queue. This is called cross-chargeability [1].
               | 
               | Because of this, the "100-year green card queue" problem
               | only really applies for a couple who are both born in
               | India/China, with kids who are _not_ born in the US. If
               | even one child was born in the US, they would be able to
               | sponsor both parents for an immediate green card when
               | they turn 21 years old. In the meantime, the H1-B
               | beneficiary can extend their visa indefinitely and port
               | their approved I-140 whenever they switch jobs, with a
               | 6-month grace period. The spouse also has full working
               | rights.
               | 
               | 21 years is a long time, but while working, both parents
               | will accumulate social security credits and will be
               | eligible to recieve benefits upon retirement (if they've
               | secured a green card by then).
               | 
               | [1] https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-7-part-a-
               | chapter-...
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | > your kids born in US have grown up
               | 
               | And now even their citizenship is threatened.
        
               | ImJamal wrote:
               | If they were born here then they are citizens and nobody
               | is advocating stripping them of citizenship.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | Not if the next president gets away with it:
               | https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2024-12-16/trump-
               | said...
               | 
               | It's unlikely he'll succeed, and he walked back on many
               | campaign promises.
        
               | ImJamal wrote:
               | You are confusing what he is calling for. He is not
               | advocating for people who are already citizens to lose
               | their citizenship. He is saying, going forward, people
               | who are born here will not automatically be given
               | citizenship.
        
             | addicted wrote:
             | > Some people get upset that someone on a 'non-immigrant'
             | 'temporary employment' visa can apply for permanent
             | residency, although that is allowed by the H1-B program.
             | 
             | The H1B visa is explicitly a dual intent visa.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_intent
             | 
             | Becoming a permanent resident is explicitly allowed under
             | the H1B visa. By contrast, if an immigration officer even
             | had a suspicion that you intended to immigrate on any other
             | visa, that would be sufficient grounds for them to disallow
             | you from entering the country.
             | 
             | Further, the dual intent nature of the H1B visa means H1B
             | employees pay social security and Medicare, even though
             | they themselves are not eligible for it. Something you
             | don't have to do if you earn money on a non dual intent
             | visa.
             | 
             | The H1B visa is indeed temporary. It lasts only 6 years.
             | But it allows you, or your employer, to apply for your
             | permanent residency on the basis of other categories while
             | you're in the U.S. on an H1B visa. IOW, the only real use
             | of the H1B is that it lets an employer get to know an
             | employee well enough that they're willing to sponsor their
             | permanent residency.
             | 
             | Also, the other reason the H1B appears overused and not
             | "temporary" is because in a moment of brilliance Congress
             | wrote laws so that there were an equal number of green
             | cards handed out to people from Jamaica as those from
             | China. As a result, when Indians and Chinese apply and get
             | approved for a green card, they need to wait decades to
             | actually get those green cards, whereas someone from Greece
             | would get it instantly.
             | 
             | Since Congress hasn't been able to write new immigration
             | laws in 3 decades, extending thenH1B visa is the only way
             | to allow folks who have essentially approved green cards to
             | remain in the U.S., because they're discriminated by their
             | country of birth.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > The H1B visa is explicitly a dual intent visa. ...
               | Becoming a permanent resident is explicitly allowed under
               | the H1B visa.
               | 
               | I am aware that this is allowed. However, the DOL
               | describes the program like this: [1]
               | 
               | > The H-1B program applies to employers seeking to hire
               | nonimmigrant aliens as workers in specialty occupations
               | or as fashion models of distinguished merit and ability.
               | A specialty occupation is one that requires the
               | application of a body of highly specialized knowledge and
               | the attainment of at least a bachelor's degree or its
               | equivalent. The intent of the H-1B provisions is to help
               | employers who cannot otherwise obtain needed business
               | skills and abilities from the U.S. workforce by
               | authorizing the temporary employment of qualified
               | individuals who are not otherwise authorized to work in
               | the United States.
               | 
               | So I understand why people would be confused or upset
               | when nonimmigrant aliens with temporary employment
               | authorization end up immigrating.
               | 
               | I also agree that allocating a limited number of
               | residencies by country of birth is pretty bizarre. There
               | are some countries where the whole population could get a
               | green card in a single year (if they were all eligible),
               | but people born in Mexico and India have a 20 year
               | backlog in some categories. Some sort of population or
               | land area factor should apply. The impacted countries may
               | want to consider strategic division to improve their US
               | immigration backlogs ;P and they could gain more votes in
               | the UN General Assembly, too.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/immigration/h1b
        
               | TheCoelacanth wrote:
               | They should just get rid of the green card limit
               | altogether.
               | 
               | There is already a limit on people who can get H1Bs and
               | move into the country. Once they are actually living here
               | on a semi-permanent basis, converting to actually
               | permanent should be based on the person themself, not
               | based on how many other people decided to become
               | permanent residents.
        
               | xpl wrote:
               | _> in a moment of brilliance Congress wrote laws so that
               | there were an equal number of green cards handed out to
               | people from Jamaica as those from China_
               | 
               | It is largely by design and serves to preserve cultural
               | diversity. Without immigration caps, half of the U.S.
               | would be Indians and Chinese.
        
         | ganeshkrishnan wrote:
         | The rabid chants went from: we need to stop illegal immigration
         | and make sure everyone enters legally
         | 
         | To:
         | 
         | We need to make sure we only allow valuable immigrants that add
         | to the economy
         | 
         | To:
         | 
         | Cancel this program. They are gaming the system.
         | 
         | You can choose the game to play but you can't choose the rules
         | of the game.
        
           | geodel wrote:
           | > but you can't choose the rules of the game.
           | 
           | Well you of course can. These rules are set by government and
           | they have power to change as they see appropriate.
        
             | throwaway48476 wrote:
             | I think it's called democracy or something.
        
         | dbbk wrote:
         | How do you propose hiring tech talent then
        
           | observationist wrote:
           | Right, the desperate need for talent is the reason these
           | programs are used so heavily. It's not discounted salary and
           | cost savings in benefits, insurance, and other areas for non-
           | permanent employees, or having leverage over immigrant
           | employees in negotiations. Corporations only ever use these
           | programs to get the absolute best of the best and they
           | absolutely aren't abused to bypass the stricter regulations
           | and requirements for citizen employees. /s
           | 
           | There's nothing wrong with brain draining other countries and
           | incentivizing legal immigration for work visas and H1B style
           | programs. We should want to be the best place in the world to
           | work. This shouldn't come as a detriment to the citizens of
           | the US. Legal immigration and jobs programs need to be
           | better. The H1B program suppresses legal citizen wages as
           | well as immigrant wages because companies are able to use the
           | threat of deportation as an effective negotiation tactic.
           | Companies use immigrants for cheap professional labor, and if
           | the immigrant pipes up, they get let go. With everything in
           | tech life being designed around pushing people into paycheck
           | to paycheck lifestyles, this can wreck someone's life through
           | no fault of their own if they do something like ask for a
           | raise, or better health insurance.
           | 
           | In turn, if citizen employees try to negotiate, the company
           | can replace them with more immigrant workers unless or until
           | they can hire local replacements at the company's preferred
           | rate of pay.
           | 
           | We need a cleaner, easier path to citizenship, without the
           | endless bureaucratic nightmare that is the current system. We
           | need better work visa programs, so that people who
           | legitimately make the world a better place aren't penalized
           | for arbitrary technicalities, while at the same time
           | recognizing the sovereignty of the US and reasonably
           | protecting borders.
           | 
           | Sometimes countries need to be overthrown, and the US
           | shouldn't act like a pressure release valve for dictators. We
           | also shouldn't be in the business of regime management or
           | perpetuating political nightmares that causes a lot of
           | illegal immigration, as well.
           | 
           | TLDR; There's no shortage of US tech talent. The problem is
           | that we've painted ourselves into a regulatory corner - in
           | order to be competitive, companies have to shortchange
           | payroll by abusing migrant salaries. To fix it, we must
           | strengthen migrant rights so companies can't hang the threat
           | of deportation over employee's heads, and reduce the
           | financial burden of hiring citizens, so you get the same bang
           | for your buck regardless of the immigration status of the
           | employee.
           | 
           | Microsoft and Lumen and FAANG and all the tech industry
           | titans shouldn't have penny pinching strategies designed to
           | bump stock prices using methods that are fueled by human
           | suffering. Get rid of those options and stop blindly
           | implementing systems where the incentives are so obviously
           | awful.
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | I didn't believe it until I saw it, but look at the
             | classified section of the San Francisco newspaper where big
             | tech companies post job listing knowing that Americans
             | won't see them so they can say they tried to get domestic
             | talent.
             | 
             | My neighbor is on a visa from mumbai working at Chase who
             | was brought in as the lead frontend engineer (def can't
             | find Javascript devs in the US). Even he admitted it's
             | weird that his whole team is from India on visas. They just
             | aren't hiring citizens.
        
               | jonnycoder wrote:
               | As a senior software engineer who was unemployed for over
               | a year, I can confirm almost nobody is hiring USA
               | Javascript and Python devs with 10+ years of experience
               | with some big accomplishments. I got lucky with a
               | backfill.
        
               | pacoWebConsult wrote:
               | And once a team reaches that point, less citizens will
               | want to work on a team where they're the outsider
               | anyways.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | I find that diversity extremely rewarding. I learn new
               | things, learn about other people's traditions and learn
               | different ways of thinking and organising. Approach the
               | challenge with an open mind.
        
               | happytoexplain wrote:
               | These are the fun, but token advantages of diversity in
               | this specific context. There are lots of advantages and
               | disadvantages to diversity - because it is an extremely
               | generic term. I have first hand experience of teams
               | completely losing all the original members, who were
               | extremely talented and all born in the US, because they
               | hired such a huge number of people who were from a
               | different culture (India, in this case). It had nothing
               | to do with racism - they just had nothing in common. It
               | was fun to talk about their different religious
               | celebrations and so on, but they were emotionally aliens.
               | They were reasonably smart, yet there was zero
               | intellectual spark in conversations between the two
               | groups. They were just too different to thrive with each
               | other. Different culturally, ideologically,
               | intellectually, emotionally. Different in methods of
               | communication, in treatment of the business hierarchy, in
               | assumptions and expectations. We can blame the business
               | for making an incompatible team, but the compatibility
               | parameters were too tied to culture and race. It's hard
               | to account for that without essentially being racist.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | > We can blame the business for making an incompatible
               | team
               | 
               | In my past few jobs I had many colleagues from India, and
               | learning the cultural differences is extremely important.
               | Teambuilding exercises are also a must - bring your
               | cuisine to work is a stellar example: I brought both pao
               | de queijo (a Brazilian thing) and sajtos pogacza (its
               | Hungarian counterpart), and they brought some the best
               | sweets I ever tasted. To our Turkish colleague's dismay,
               | we all agreed Turkish Delight is not really a delight
               | (but the Turkish colleagues recognized my Hungarian
               | pogacza as some cross-cultural artifact coming from the
               | Ottoman empire days).
               | 
               | What would you bring to this table?
        
               | 15155 wrote:
               | Diversity can be rewarding when it's actually diverse.
               | 
               | Being the only American citizen on a team of people
               | constantly speaking Hindi or Tamil often isn't
               | "rewarding."
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | You can always take interest in learning their language.
               | You are the host and they are your guests, and, besides,
               | their communication in their native language will be more
               | efficient than if they translated to English for your
               | benefit.
               | 
               | Different culture, but back when I was working on a
               | project with Sony, when they introduced their internet
               | enabled TVs in Brazil, just adding the "san" suffix to my
               | contact's name made him instantly more open to negotiate.
        
               | 15155 wrote:
               | If I piss on your head and tell you it's raining, will
               | you find some silver lining in that activity?
               | 
               | > You are the host and they are your guests
               | 
               | What? This logic doesn't track. If I were a guest in
               | their country, then I might take interest in learning
               | their local language. That's respectful.
               | 
               | Coming here on an H-1B and demanding people speak your
               | niche language is more akin to invasion. (Here comes the
               | "but.. but.. the United States has no official language!"
               | tripe.)
        
               | happytoexplain wrote:
               | I'm glad you've had good experiences - so have I. But I'm
               | not sure where you're going. You can't advise everybody
               | into happiness when they are stuck in a _social group_
               | that makes them unhappy. There are immutable forces at
               | work. We 're humans. Learning a language is an enormous
               | task, and it feels horrible to imply somebody should do
               | it who is just trying to be comfortable in their own
               | country. You should make that attempt when you visit
               | _other_ countries. Not to mention, it wouldn 't solve
               | this multi-dimensional social problem.
        
           | __loam wrote:
           | They could try hiring one of the hundreds of thousands of
           | citizens they laid off over the past 3 years.
        
           | happytoexplain wrote:
           | By offering wages appropriate for the economy your fellow
           | citizens are accustomed to, as opposed to the economy
           | citizens of other nations are accustomed to.
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | Already done.
             | 
             | I mean, you didn't provide details/data, so I don't know
             | what you have in mind.
             | 
             | The rules require you pay prevalent wages for the geo
             | you're in.
        
               | Glyptodon wrote:
               | Saw a university (like 7 years ago) H1B'ing postdocs for
               | like $30k, maybe $35k a year, by valuing the benefits at
               | like $20k. It was kind of a joke IMO.
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | That is the prevailing wage for postdocs, domestic or
               | foreign.
               | 
               | The abuse of postdocs and grad students exists, but is
               | entirely unrelated to H1B and foreigners. They paid them
               | poorly even before the country was flooded with foreign
               | students.
        
         | VirusNewbie wrote:
         | no, just make it an auction system with compensation.
        
         | ritcgab wrote:
         | Guy who born with natural citizenship is too privileged to
         | imagine how hard it is to get a green card.
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | Everybody is born with natural citizenship.
        
             | petesergeant wrote:
             | You should take a moment to look up what "stateless" means
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | God forbid somebody says that every dog has four legs and
               | a hacker hears it...
        
             | ritcgab wrote:
             | Stephen Miller does not approve this.
        
           | lubujackson wrote:
           | Great comeback, except you completely ignore the point (its
           | purpose is not meant to be a backdoor) and attack him for...
           | being an American?
           | 
           | Instead of telling everyone else to check their privilege,
           | maybe check your expectations. The world doesn't owe anyone
           | anything. Claiming your desires are everyone else's problem
           | is a deeply self-centered way to view the world.
        
             | ritcgab wrote:
             | H-1B is dual intent by definition, so it is not a backdoor.
             | Any sane person who knows how green card application works
             | understands that it is objectively hard, if not the hardest
             | in the whole world.
             | 
             | > Instead of telling everyone else to check their
             | privilege, maybe check your expectations.
             | 
             | Without such an expectation, who would pay tens of
             | thousands a year to enroll in a random U.S. college, only
             | to be told that there is absolutely no way they can work
             | legally there?
        
           | happytoexplain wrote:
           | This is a hideous tone that will do nothing but antagonize
           | proud citizens and sour voters on the idea of generosity.
           | 
           | Thoughtful discourse is predicated first on basic respect.
        
             | contagiousflow wrote:
             | > generosity
             | 
             | I'm sure you think of your own citizenship as charity as
             | well...
        
           | JSteph22 wrote:
           | >how hard it is to get a green card
           | 
           | It should be hard.
        
             | ragazzina wrote:
             | Was it hard to get your citizenship?
        
           | jeffhuys wrote:
           | Psst, the societal opinion on this has shifted.
           | 
           | We shouldn't feel bad about protecting ourselves.
        
             | ritcgab wrote:
             | Protecting yourselves from what?
        
         | asdasdsddd wrote:
         | What is the correct pathway to green card for a worker
         | immigrant?
        
           | throwaway48476 wrote:
           | America does not owe the world a green card.
        
             | mynameisvlad wrote:
             | That wasn't and has nothing to do with the question asked.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | A path needn't exist.
        
               | screye wrote:
               | Love how all your arguments boil down to 'I got mine.'.
               | 
               | We don't want illegal immigrants, get legal work
               | authorization. No, don't use work authorized visas use
               | other legal means. No, family based chain immigration
               | should be illegal too. Oh wait there are no other ways to
               | come here ?....good. We never wanted you anyway. This
               | country is full, all 4 million sq miles. Always has
               | always been.
        
               | happytoexplain wrote:
               | It's not constructive to frame citizenship as "I got
               | mine". People will fight - really fight - to preserve
               | their homes and lifestyles, if they feel those are being
               | threatened. It's obviously not _impossible_ to welcome as
               | many immigrants as we do without this extreme level of
               | conflict, but our system demonstrably does not accomplish
               | that. We simply aren 't making use of our space, so why
               | don't we focus on that problem? A tone like yours invites
               | chaos.
        
               | screye wrote:
               | I disagree. Better to be direct, than frame it in soft
               | 'feel good' terms. It's a matter of people's livelihoods.
               | My tone invites confrontation as a sincere reflection of
               | the stakes. I don't make value judgements. Citizens are
               | entitled to hypocrisy, cognitive-dissonance and
               | selfishness. It being bad is a social judgement made by
               | the observer.
               | 
               | Let's be clear. We're talking about the US here.
               | Arguments based in nativism, isolation and crowdedness
               | have thin ground to stand on. By percentage population,
               | legal-immigration to the US is below the historic
               | average. Yet threads on H1b quickly devolve into vapid
               | arguments. The accusers are happy to sling
               | unsubstantiated stereotypes towards immigrants, but hide
               | behind soft language like 'we aren't used to making
               | space' when immigrant commenters retaliate in kind.
               | 
               | Racists aren't irrational actors or evil people. They
               | simply have higher affinity for their tribe, and that's
               | okay. Sometimes it takes for self-interests to be
               | threatened, for bigoted & tribal behaviors to manifest in
               | a loud manner. Again, that's okay. Americans are the ones
               | who gave a negative connotation to to words like bigot
               | and racists. In the rest of world, tribal & bigoted
               | behaviors are an accepted norm. We're all racists
               | sometimes. But, American tech workers are definitely at
               | their racist-est on h1b threads.
               | 
               | You can't have your cake and eat it too. Either you are
               | the land of free, that practices extreme meritocracy and
               | thrives as a result of it. You're a nation built by
               | migrant groups over the last 4 centuries, and the door is
               | always open to the ambitious and hard working. A
               | benevolent super-power for all. Or, you're just as
               | tyrannical as any selfish group. You're a white majority
               | people that found a pre-inhabited land of the greatest
               | resources and size. You claimed it all for yourself.
               | Killed the natives. You give lip serve to globalism and
               | meritocracy as long as it gives you access to all markets
               | of the world. Your relationship with the rest of the
               | world is transactional, and you will continue to be a
               | world superpower through military strong-arming and
               | thinly veiled globally-egalitarian propaganda.
               | 
               | The reality ofc, is that neither extremes are true. But,
               | it is a slider between the tribal-nativist and
               | internationalist-meritocratic impulse. There are no right
               | or wrong answers for what a nation's choice will be. But,
               | if your slider is near the former while you claim to be
               | the latter, then the hypocrisy is grating for the rest of
               | us. For the lack of a better insult, it's Trudeau-esque.
               | 
               | Personally, I am a big fan of out-right selfish people.
               | There is genuine honesty there. I also love the US (warts
               | and all). Say what people might, it is the least racist
               | nation of any out there. Lastly, I have a vested interest
               | as someone who is on an H1b myself. (although I'd like to
               | think I'm senior enough to be insulated from negative
               | outcomes for h1b)
               | 
               | As I write this, I recognize that most people don't like
               | harsh phrasing. I don't think our politicians or public
               | speakers should adopt this language. But, a mostly civil
               | pseudo anonymous forum of tech nerds is IMO, just right
               | for this kind of directness.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | I am a citizen because my ancestors fought in the
               | revolution.
        
               | n4r9 wrote:
               | Ah. So migrants should foment a revolution if they're
               | serious about citizenship. Got it.
        
               | rorytbyrne wrote:
               | The green card exists, so there must a priori be a valid
               | path to get one. If it's not H1-B, then what is it?
        
             | valicord wrote:
             | Does America want smart people to come here and advance
             | science/technology/economy or would she rather close the
             | doors and watch other countries get ahead?
        
               | jeffhuys wrote:
               | I think it's more a question of do you want to enjoy the
               | same benefits as your parents? Yes? Then protect those
               | benefits.
               | 
               | Not protecting them is how you get behind. America
               | produces smart people as well.
               | 
               | Ps. I'm Dutch. This same rhetoric is all in the West.
               | It's shifting.
        
         | 0x457 wrote:
         | Yeah, you have no idea of the process of getting green card via
         | h1b works.
         | 
         | You can ditch the US, get permanent resident status in Canada,
         | become Canadian citizenship, get TN visa to work in the US if
         | you want to and someone who thinks that h1b is a backdoor to a
         | green card will be just starting on green card paperwork. And
         | that's if there are no issues with application.
         | 
         | This is all after participating in h1b lottery for years. Trust
         | me, it's an extremely slow and painful way of getting a green
         | card. If h1b is your way to a green card, it means either:
         | you're already married, you have no idea what are you doing.
         | 
         | It's no a backdoor in any way, person move to the US for work
         | and builds a life here, accumulate assets, I think it's pretty
         | reasonable to give those people a way to settle in the US
         | permanently in these cases.
         | 
         | The program needs to be revamped because it's not working in
         | the way it's sold to voters.
        
         | screye wrote:
         | > not supposed to be a backdoor to a green card
         | 
         | So...what's the front door to the green card ? How does one
         | arrive legally to the nation with the highest [1] historic
         | immigration rate of any nation in the world ?
         | 
         | https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/net...
        
       | tartoran wrote:
       | Does anybody know what are the updates are in layman terms?
        
         | ganeshkrishnan wrote:
         | here it is https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/news-releases/uscis-
         | announces...
         | 
         | I read through it and even asked chatgpt for summary and it
         | looks like "passport is now required" and "one beneficiary one
         | draw" that is if you put in multiple petitions it will only
         | consider you once.
         | 
         | I thought Elon was talking nonsense when he mentions frivolous
         | government rules but reading these h1b changes makes me
         | question my own sanity about the government "rules" which they
         | aptly named it as "Final rule" (wtf?).
        
       | impish9208 wrote:
       | Some highlights from the Federal Register:
       | 
       | > 2. Bar on Multiple Registrations Submitted by Related Entities
       | 
       | DHS will not finalize the proposed change at 8 CFR
       | 214.2(h)(2)(i)(G) to expressly state in the regulations that
       | related entities are prohibited from submitting multiple H-1B
       | registrations for the same individual. On February 2, 2024, DHS
       | published a final rule, "Improving the H-1B Registration
       | Selection Process and Program Integrity," 89 FR 7456 (Feb. 2,
       | 2024), creating a beneficiary-centric selection process for
       | registrations by employers and adding additional integrity
       | measures related to the registration process to reduce the
       | potential for fraud in the H-1B registration process. In that
       | final rule, DHS states that it "intends to address and may
       | finalize this proposed provision [expressly stating in the
       | regulations that related entities are prohibited from submitting
       | multiple registrations for the same individual] in a subsequent
       | final rule," but that "[m]ore time and data will help inform the
       | utility of this proposed provision." 89 FR 7456, 7469 (Feb. 2,
       | 2024). Initial data from the FY 2025 H-1B registration process
       | show a significant decrease in the total number of registrations
       | submitted compared to FY 2024, including a decrease in the number
       | of registrations submitted on behalf of beneficiaries with
       | multiple registrations.[1]
       | 
       | This initial data indicate that there were far fewer attempts to
       | gain an unfair advantage than in prior years owing, in large
       | measure, to the implementation of the beneficiary-centric
       | selection process.[2]
       | 
       | Under the beneficiary-centric selection process, individual
       | beneficiaries do not benefit from an increased chance of
       | selection if related entities each submit a registration on their
       | behalf. As such, DHS has decided not to finalize the proposed
       | change pertaining to multiple registrations submitted by related
       | entities.
       | 
       | > C. Summary of Costs and Benefits
       | 
       | DHS analyzed two baselines for this final rule, the no action
       | baselines and the without-policy baseline. The primary baseline
       | for this final rule is the no action baseline. For the 10-year
       | period of analysis of the final rule, DHS estimates the
       | annualized net cost savings of this rulemaking will be $333,835
       | annualized at a 2 percent discount rate. DHS also estimates that
       | there will be annualized monetized transfers of $1.4 million from
       | newly cap-exempt petitioners to USCIS and $38.8 million from
       | employers to F-1 workers, both annualized at a 2 percent discount
       | rate.
        
       | blahblahgov wrote:
       | Yup, as expected. Not dealing with the effects of clustering.
       | Great job GOV.
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/1fyx9hp/cognizant...
        
         | addicted wrote:
         | Looks like that's going through the legal system so is already
         | illegal?
         | 
         | You can't make a rule that says "hey don't break the rules".
         | 
         | That seems logically fallacious.
        
           | lukeramsden wrote:
           | Can't read the full article due to paywall but ostensibly
           | it's due to bias rules on race and not visa rules? Sounds
           | like visas being abused and then backstopped by unrelated
           | rules does not mean the visa rules shouldn't be fixed.
        
       | r-johnv wrote:
       | Several positive outcomes, including expanding cap-exemption to
       | non-profit and other research institutions, and stronger
       | enforcement mechanisms.
        
       | patrickhogan1 wrote:
       | Ah, classic regulatory theater. The administration, after 4 years
       | of not introducing these changes, is now suddenly scrambling to
       | roll them out. They're dropping them right before a major
       | transition, with an implementation timeline conveniently set for
       | after the transition.
       | 
       | It's a clever little maneuver. When the inevitable reversal
       | happens, they can show up at fundraising galas telling donors,
       | "We tried! We were so close! It's just those baddies who always
       | come along and pull the rug."
        
         | lesuorac wrote:
         | Eh downvote.
         | 
         | The USG has to go through a very length period of coming up
         | with a proposed rule. Allowing comments to be made about it,
         | adjusting (or not) the rule based on those comments, and then
         | finally submitting the final rule.
         | 
         | Nobody at USCIS wrote this document yesterday and published
         | this today. This is the result of years of work. Do you
         | seriously expect the USG to shut down anything they don't think
         | they can finish under the current administration?
        
           | fasdfdsava wrote:
           | Maybe it's a total coincidence that this final rule takes
           | effect the Friday, January 17 and Trump's inauguration is
           | Monday, January 20th. But I sort of wonder.
        
           | akira2501 wrote:
           | > has to go through a very length period
           | 
           | Doesn't the bottom of this announcement describe a previous
           | rule that was announced in January 2024 and then implemented
           | in March 2024? Interesting that rules process was far more
           | rapid than this one.
        
             | lesuorac wrote:
             | And?
             | 
             | So a different related rule started its process awhile back
             | and a second rule was in the works concurrently. Is the USG
             | only allowed to do one thing at a time?
             | 
             | The comment period for this rule ended last year to give
             | you an idea of how long this has at least been in the
             | works. All of this information is rapidly found via the
             | submitted url at the top of the page.
             | 
             | https://www.regulations.gov/docket/USCIS-2023-0005/document
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | It's the same question. What decides when a long process
               | and comment period is required and when it isn't? Why
               | does this agency have such variable performance when it
               | comes to similar rulings?
        
             | pavon wrote:
             | The announcement in January was the end of the process, not
             | the start. Here is the timeline of that previous rule:
             | 
             | 2021-02-02: President Biden issued Executive Order (E.O.)
             | 14012[0]
             | 
             | 2021-04-19: Request for Public Input begins[1]
             | 
             | 2021-05-19: Request for Public Input ends[2]
             | 
             | 2023-10-23: Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Comment period
             | begins[3]
             | 
             | 2023-12-11: Comment period ends
             | 
             | 2024-01-30: Final Rulemaking announced[4]
             | 
             | 2024-02-02: Regulations are published in federal
             | register[5]
             | 
             | 2024-03-06: Rules take effect
             | 
             | [0]https://www.federalregister.gov/executive-order/14012
             | 
             | [1]https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/04/19/202
             | 1-07...
             | 
             | [2]https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/04/26/C1-
             | 2021...
             | 
             | [3]https://www.regulations.gov/docket/USCIS-2023-0005/unifi
             | ed-a...
             | 
             | [4]https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/news-releases/uscis-
             | announces...
             | 
             | [5]https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/02/02/202
             | 4-01...
        
               | pavon wrote:
               | Also worth noting that today's rules, 89 FR 7456, and the
               | previous one, 89 FR 103054, both derived from the same
               | NPRM. Apparently, based on feedback they thought some
               | parts of the rules needed more work than others and
               | finalized them in two parts.
        
         | xiphias2 wrote:
         | It's not the only last minute thing the administration does
         | that it could have done before:
         | 
         | - Launched rockets from Ukraine - remote work contracts
         | extended to 2029 after Elon + Vivek wants people to RTO -
         | TikTok ban
         | 
         | And the classic answer is always the same here: ,,it was all
         | planned for years'' (sure, but the decision is made after the
         | elections on purpose)
        
           | wat10000 wrote:
           | We all know how a distant deadline can make us slack off.
           | Then suddenly the deadline is in three months instead of four
           | years, you'll discover a bunch of things you could do faster.
           | 
           | That's not to excuse the slowness, but I imagine this stuff
           | was in process for a while.
        
             | InsideOutSanta wrote:
             | Parkinson's law: "work expands so as to fill the time
             | available for its completion."
        
           | tssva wrote:
           | The decision regarding TikTok was not made after the election
           | and the law was passed with strong bi-partisan support.
        
           | frankzinger wrote:
           | I'm surprised to see somebody presumably on the Republican
           | side complaining about norm violations.
        
         | jonny_eh wrote:
         | Regardless, these are good changes, I hope they stick around.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | > The administration, after 4 years of not introducing these
         | changes
         | 
         | They might have spent the last four years negotiating what
         | exactly the changes would ideally be. Government doesn't work
         | well with the "let's see what sticks approach".
        
           | patrickhogan1 wrote:
           | Negotiating with who?
           | 
           | This is an executive power. USCIS - the President can modify
           | regulations, such as how H-1B applications are processed or
           | the criteria used in selection lotteries.
        
             | bubblethink wrote:
             | There is rulemaking process that takes time. It has to go
             | through notice and comment period, withstand lawsuits, etc.
             | I agree with your overall point though, that this admin was
             | utterly spineless and useless.
        
         | eweise wrote:
         | It will make Trump look great reversing a policy that steals
         | good paying jobs from Americans.
        
           | intermerda wrote:
           | Capitalism is good! No not like that!
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | > Ah, classic regulatory theater.
         | 
         | No, the classic people not understanding how the government
         | works.
         | 
         | These are changes that were done through the rule-making
         | process, not legislation. The rule-making process is (by
         | design!) VERY SLOW to give the stakeholders a chance to voice
         | their opinion.
         | 
         | Typical rules take about 2 years to be implemented. And I guess
         | Biden hoped to get a real immigration reform that would have
         | made these changes unnecessary.
        
         | root_axis wrote:
         | Unlikely to be reversed. The incoming president's largest donor
         | strongly favors a larger and more dynamic H1-B work force.
        
           | n144q wrote:
           | The same president used coronavirus as an excuse to ban all
           | H1B entries.
        
             | bdangubic wrote:
             | those were then times, now billionaires shelled out a whole
             | lot of money to put him in power and payback time is
             | coming. h1b may double/triple/... in the coming years.
             | policy will be to keep "bad people out" (southern border)
             | while taking in a bunch of "smart people, best people" from
             | other countries
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | Anything to keep wages down.
        
         | khazhoux wrote:
         | It's fascinating how many government policies take 3 years and
         | 11 months to implement.
        
           | pfannkuchen wrote:
           | To play devil's advocate, many if not most software projects
           | that launch on time press right up against the deadline.
           | 
           | Work expands to fill the space available, as they say.
        
           | Jcampuzano2 wrote:
           | 3 years and 11 months or 7 years and 11 months, conveniently
           | with no middle ground in between.
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | I'm very happy for everybody on H1-B whose live this improves!
       | Does this include renewal in USA?
       | 
       | But as an American the "bonafide job requirement" makes me
       | nervous. We have a massive ghost job problem that really needs to
       | be a federal crime. Will this make that worse?
        
         | packetlost wrote:
         | Yeah, there really needs to be some worker protection
         | legislation makes ghost jobs a crime.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | It already is. It just isn't enforced by the DOL/ICE. (Those
           | offers need to actually be legitimate, or it's fraud).
        
             | tartoran wrote:
             | Is this actually enforced? There are still ghost jobs being
             | posted.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | The comment you're replying to already said it's
               | unenforced.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Near as I can tell, it's similar to 'don't talk about
               | salary at work' stuff - technically maybe if you can
               | prove it and complain to the right person, but it's
               | _everywhere_.
        
         | vsskanth wrote:
         | they mean "bonafide job offer". What is happening right now is
         | staffing agencies (mainly in India) mass file H1B applications
         | for all their staff, and then once they get picked in the
         | lottery, they find assignments in the US and file the entire
         | petition after. This heavily disadvantages non-staffing
         | companies who file H1Bs for their staff outside the country or
         | those in the US on F1 visas for actual jobs.
         | 
         | This change is meant to close that loophole. This used to not
         | be a problem, because you had to file the entire petition
         | BEFORE you enter the lottery, but now you just pay some nominal
         | fee and get your name in, leading to a highly profitable
         | situation for staffing companies.
        
       | ziddoap wrote:
       | https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/12/18/2024-29...
       | 
       | The tweet is a super brief summary, reproduced below.
       | 
       | Founders can self petition (& spouses can work)                 -
       | Own >50% of the entity, or have majority voting rights
       | 
       | Roles tied to research institutions cap-exempt                 -
       | Organizations where fundamental research is a key activity now
       | qualify       - Startups can hire researchers (AI, health,
       | hardware) year-round
       | 
       | Students get seamless transition                 - Cap-gap work
       | authorization extended to April 1       - Prevents employment
       | gaps for F-1 OPT to H-1B switch
       | 
       | Faster H1-B transfers for job changes                 -
       | Flexibility to start working immediately upon petition filing
       | 
       | Clarification of specialty role                 - Less strict on
       | the direct link between degree/job responsibilities       -
       | Recognizes that AI may require multiple academic background
       | 
       | Cracking down on fraud                 - Stricter compliance
       | rules       - Employers must demonstrate a bona fide job exists
       | - Site visit codified: refusal to comply = petition denial
        
         | dang wrote:
         | (This was originally posted in the other thread
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42451271, but it's useful
         | here too)
        
         | wooque wrote:
         | > Founders can self petition
         | 
         | Wait, so I can just open LLC and get H1B visa for it? There
         | have to be conditions and limitations, otherwise it will be
         | misused.
        
           | tacker2000 wrote:
           | Yea thats what I also thought. Opening an LLC is pretty easy.
        
           | ramarnat wrote:
           | You'd still have to comply with the H1-B rules for the job
           | you are petitioning for, like the duties you are performing,
           | the salary requirements etc. And the legal costs of doing the
           | petition.
           | 
           | Now, misuse could come if you are independently wealthy and
           | can self fund, but at the end of the day if you are doing
           | that in the US, the economy still benefits.
        
             | shin_lao wrote:
             | There are better visas and even green cards if you're
             | wealthy.
        
               | paxys wrote:
               | Exactly. You can literally buy a green card with a ~$500K
               | "investment". No need to jump through H-1B hoops.
        
               | ramarnat wrote:
               | That's more than what you would need if you were hiring
               | for a prevailing wage position.
        
               | diebeforei485 wrote:
               | EB-5 is a onetime payment for a green card (permanent
               | residence). Prevailing wage must be paid every year and
               | you have 60 days to leave when you the company stops
               | paying you.
        
               | ramarnat wrote:
               | Yes, but the prevailing wage threshold would be lower
               | than the investor visa, as will the commitments. The
               | investor visa you have to show a plan, hire people etc.
        
             | cyberax wrote:
             | If you're "wealthy", you can immigrate by officially
             | starting a business with just an $80000 investment (E-2
             | visa).
             | 
             | Or you can just buy a green card for a $800000 investment
             | (EB-5).
        
               | thiagocmoraes wrote:
               | E-2 is not available to all countries.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | You can first get an investor-based citizenship in one of
               | the countries that have signed the tax treaty with the
               | US.
               | 
               | It'll cost you about $50-100k extra.
        
               | ktta wrote:
               | Only CBI countries on that list are Grenada (200k+) &
               | Turkey (400k), and USCIS put out a rule specifically for
               | that situation, with additional requirements. From:
               | https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-
               | states/temporary...
               | 
               | > In addition, for those individuals who obtained treaty
               | country nationality through a financial investment, USCIS
               | may require additional documentation to show that the
               | applicant has been domiciled in the treaty country
               | indicated in the application for a continuous period of
               | at least 3 years at any point before applying for E-1 or
               | E-2 classification.
               | 
               | Plus E-2 visa is a non-immigrant visa, so it doesn't give
               | you any kind of special pathway to green card. Might as
               | well apply for an EBx at the outset instead of fiddling
               | with an E-2 visa.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | You're missing several. Montenegro and Macedonia are
               | definitely available, and I think also Panama.
               | 
               | > Might as well apply for an EBx at the outset instead of
               | fiddling with an E-2 visa.
               | 
               | EB-5 has pre-country quotas, and for some countries the
               | wait can be quite long (for China it's around 10 years).
               | It also is veeerrrryyyyyy slow, even with the initial
               | form processing taking _years_.
        
           | admissionsguy wrote:
           | So can I now go to SF, set up an LLC, and get the sweet SF
           | dev rates?
        
             | 0x457 wrote:
             | Sure, as long LLC that you have set up generates enough
             | revenue to pay your salary.
             | 
             | I'm not sure you understand how this works.
        
             | dcreater wrote:
             | Yeah except your paying yourself minus taxes.
        
           | punksatoni wrote:
           | ** Wait, so I can just open LLC and get H1B visa for it?
           | There have to be conditions and limitations, otherwise it
           | will be misused.
           | 
           | No, you have to first post a job posting at a low salary,
           | preferably with an in-office requirement in a HCOL city. If
           | you get applicants, give them Leetcode Hard and no one will
           | pass.
           | 
           | Then, when no one applies or passes the interview, you claim
           | there is a shortage.
           | 
           | Viola!
        
           | i_have_an_idea wrote:
           | I'm legitimately interested in this.
           | 
           | I run a one-man consulting business from the EU. I sometimes
           | hire freelancers. I work with US clients anyway. Does that
           | mean I can open a US llc and move?
        
         | geraldwhen wrote:
         | I'll believe it when I see it. Until then, I look forward to
         | teaching H1B recipients to turn on a computer.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | > - Site visit codified: refusal to comply = petition denial
         | 
         | Wonder how this works for remote-only positions/companies.
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | What's the reason for cap-gap extension to April 1? I thought
         | that the government fiscal year starts on October 1, so H-1B
         | statuses take effect on that date and therefore the extension
         | is only needed until October 1. What is the motivation here?
        
         | woodson wrote:
         | > Roles tied to research institutions cap-exempt
         | 
         | > - Organizations where fundamental research is a key activity
         | now qualify
         | 
         | > - Startups can hire researchers (AI, health, hardware) year-
         | round
         | 
         | That's a good change. I've seen ML researchers (PhDs) who led
         | DARPA funded projects as principal investigator while working
         | for a for-profit company not being selected for H-1B (lottery
         | and cap) and having to leave the US.
        
         | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
         | I wonder if it is possible to found a US company and open a
         | bank account for it while being a resident of Russian
         | Federation, and then self-petition yourself for a visa....
        
       | laidoffamazon wrote:
       | Expect this to be rolled back fully on January 20
        
         | KerrAvon wrote:
         | Unclear. They're not going to be consistent or competent, and
         | the intent of everything they do will be to either part out the
         | government to their friends, weaponize the US government
         | against perceived enemies. And they might reward people who
         | kiss the ring by granting exceptions.
         | 
         | Really, given the premise, anyone sane should kill H-1B
         | entirely for tech:
         | 
         | "The intent of the H-1B provisions is to help employers who
         | cannot otherwise obtain needed business skills and abilities
         | from the U.S. workforce by authorizing the temporary employment
         | of qualified individuals who are not otherwise authorized to
         | work in the United States"
         | 
         | There is no shortage of qualified US software engineers. CS
         | schools are full. The very concept is ridiculous. Kill this
         | law, liberalize immigration instead.
        
           | KerrAvon wrote:
           | Also, there are going to be endless, endless lawsuits on
           | everything, because everything they do is going to violate
           | either the Constitution or existing US law. I'm not sure how
           | much that will slow them down.
        
           | n144q wrote:
           | > CS schools are full
           | 
           | I guess you never paid any attention to the nationality of
           | students enrolled in CS classes.
        
             | DragonStrength wrote:
             | The undergrads at my university were mostly US-born. I
             | believe that's the case most places, even elite
             | universities. The more expensive universities are
             | incentivized to take more international students for the
             | money though -- and obviously there's enough wealthy people
             | globally to fill whatever slots they offer. There are
             | plenty of good engineers from the US who simply weren't
             | lucky enough to be born to rich parents in CA. It turns out
             | moving 2000 miles from home for a worse quality of life
             | isn't super attractive to people born in the US when your
             | whole family still lives in the same region. Of course, if
             | you're born in India or China, the value proposition is a
             | bit different.
             | 
             | Perhaps geographic restrictions on H-1Bs would spread the
             | wealth: force these companies to prove they can't find
             | engineers in the US by looking outside the wealthiest
             | enclaves in the country, where even FAANG engineers
             | complain about cost of living. We'd ease the Bay Area
             | housing crisis, lift up other regions of the country, and
             | provide more domestic-born citizens a path to good jobs
             | while maintaining their own communities.
        
           | commandlinefan wrote:
           | ... not that it was _ever_ used that way, since its
           | inception.
        
         | parineum wrote:
         | Why?
        
           | laidoffamazon wrote:
           | Trump in term 1 was the most hostile to legal immigration
           | President in decades and that was before he started
           | slandering Haitians with legal status
        
         | halyconWays wrote:
         | He ran on a platform of _easier_ legal immigration.
        
           | laidoffamazon wrote:
           | I think you are excessively credulous and that's the most
           | polite I can be.
           | 
           | I'm a natural born citizen that's the wrong skin color and
           | I'm planning on carrying my passport everywhere come Jan 21 -
           | I'm not going to chance being thrown into the back of a
           | BORTAC van.
        
             | M3L0NM4N wrote:
             | I think a natural born citizen carrying their passport
             | everywhere starting Jan 21 is even more credulous in the
             | other direction.
        
               | laidoffamazon wrote:
               | I don't think you've thought through the downside risk. A
               | coworker - himself of my ethnicity - assumed I was
               | foreign born, I'm not going to leave it to chance when
               | the promised deportation dragnet starts up.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | I'd recommend carrying a passport card instead of the
               | actual passport. A REAL ID would be helpful as well.
               | 
               | I don't think the chances of something that drastic are
               | high, but it doesn't hurt to err on the side of caution.
        
               | laidoffamazon wrote:
               | Problem with the passport card is it requires me to send
               | my existing passport for several weeks. In the event of a
               | government shutdown I'd be SOL.
               | 
               | REAL ID is plausible but I don't really trust it, given
               | that illegal immigrants can get identity cards in my
               | state.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | > I don't really trust it
               | 
               | REAL ID is a bare minimum. It shows that you at least
               | have legal residency.
               | 
               | FWIW it's trusted by DHS so that's all that matters for
               | your usecase or assumption.
               | 
               | If you are worried about the risk of being hauled by ICE,
               | then you should get a REAL ID.
               | 
               | > it requires me to send my existing passport for several
               | weeks
               | 
               | Last I remember, you can do it in person.
               | 
               | Here are the passport offices -
               | https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/get-
               | fas...
               | 
               | > In the event of a government shutdown
               | 
               | The US Passport Office remains open during the commonly
               | termed "government shutdowns"
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | If it's the same process as getting a passport in the
               | first place, you have to give them the documentation
               | proving that you're a citizen, and they sit in it for a
               | while before eventually mailing it back to you.
        
               | bikenaga wrote:
               | Your concern is reasonable, and I've thought about it
               | myself. The _Wikipedia_ article linked downthread by
               | int_19h notes:  "Up to one percent of all those detained
               | in immigration detention centers are nationals of the
               | United States according to research by Jacqueline
               | Stevens, a professor of political science at Northwestern
               | University." There are specific cases mentioned in the
               | article, and the case of Mark Daniel Lyttle was pretty
               | alarming. It was written up in:
               | https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/04/29/the-
               | deportatio...
               | 
               | On the other hand, you can't be detained without probable
               | cause, and race/ethnicity alone isn't enough. For
               | instance, the Supreme Court ruled in United States v.
               | Brignoni-Ponce (https://case.law/caselaw/?reporter=us&vol
               | ume=422&case=0873-0...): "In this case the officers
               | relied on a single factor to justify stopping
               | respondent's car: the apparent Mexican ancestry of the
               | occupants. We cannot conclude that this furnished
               | reasonable grounds to believe that the three occupants
               | were aliens. At best the officers had only a fleeting
               | glimpse of the persons in the moving car, illuminated by
               | headlights. Even if they saw enough to think that the
               | occupants were of Mexican descent, this factor alone
               | would justify neither a reasonable belief that they were
               | aliens, nor a reasonable belief that the car concealed
               | other aliens who were illegally in the country. Large
               | numbers of native-born and naturalized citizens have the
               | physical characteristics identified with Mexican
               | ancestry, and even in the border area a relatively small
               | proportion of them are aliens. The likelihood that any
               | given person of Mexican ancestry is an alien is high
               | enough to make Mexican appearance a relevant factor, but
               | standing alone it does not justify stopping all Mexican-
               | Americans to ask if they are aliens."
               | 
               | I second the recommendation to get a RealID. You're going
               | to need one eventually for domestic flights, among other
               | things. When I got mine at the DMV renewing my driver's
               | license, they asked for a birth certificate, social
               | security card, driver's license, and proof of (local)
               | residency (e.g. utility bill). So why not get one and
               | carry that as additional proof?
        
               | M3L0NM4N wrote:
               | > deportation dragnet
               | 
               | Do you know how insane that sounds in this context? I
               | absolutely despise Trump, make no mistake; but if you
               | think Trump is rounding up any of the 40+% of the USA's
               | non-white citizens and deporting them, you have been
               | deluded by widespread FUD.
               | 
               | The "deportation dragnet" might apply to illegals, sure.
               | Will any meaningful amount of US citizens get scooped up
               | in that, if any? Highly, highly unlikely. You're probably
               | more likely to be murdered.
        
               | laidoffamazon wrote:
               | All evidence points to first week being dedicated to
               | flashy arrests in blue states with Tom Homan previously
               | bragging that they would deport both illegals and their
               | citizen family members with no regard for the obvious
               | illegality of the concept.
        
               | M3L0NM4N wrote:
               | I think he poorly phrased deporting "anchor babies" by
               | ending birthright citizenship. Since then, he's directly
               | or indirectly claimed multiple times that he doesn't plan
               | on deporting USCs. There's no telling whether he wants to
               | deport USCs deep down in his heart, but he knows that's
               | not going to happen.
               | 
               | https://www.newsweek.com/tom-homan-family-deportation-
               | undocu...
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | more people will become billionaires in the next four
               | years than get deported :)
        
               | laidoffamazon wrote:
               | A useless statement because I'm much closer to an legal-
               | to-become-illegal than a multi-millionaire-to-become-
               | billionaire
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | I wasn't talking specifically about you... there are
               | campaign promises "we are going to deport _____ people"
               | that you should know by now are just shit politicians say
               | so that they get the votes in South Dakota, Alabama and
               | shithole places like that. We heard in 2016 "build the
               | wall, repeal ACA, lock her up..." and whatever BS was
               | spewing at that time. the only policy that you know for
               | sure will be in place for the next 2 to 4 years will be
               | there to make sure that richer get richer - hence my
               | statement that we'll see more people become billionaires
               | than people that we will actually deport :)
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | It is, but only the "Jan 21" part.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_of_Americans_fr
               | om_...
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | This is a movement based on extreme hatred and
               | dehumanization of anyone different from them, and most of
               | the time such movements have taken control anywhere
               | historically, it has resulted in mass murder/genocide. We
               | underestimate what atrocities they are capable of at our
               | own peril. I am hoping for the best, but preparing for
               | the worst.
               | 
               | I feel like I - and a lot of people I know - have been in
               | denial of what is happening for a while. It is
               | terrifying, and I don't want it to be true, but it is
               | undeniable. I don't want to be one of those people that
               | says "Davon haben wir nichts gewusst" - "We knew nothing
               | about that."
        
             | UniverseHacker wrote:
             | I have a mixed race family, and am scrambling to get
             | passports in time for people in my family with darker skin,
             | and we will 100% be at least carrying good quality copies
             | of them at all times.
             | 
             | They are claiming to start mass deportations next month,
             | and profiling based on skin color is absolutely the only
             | way that can be possible. Moreover, just like the Nazis
             | discovered, both deporting people and indefinite detainment
             | are impossibly expensive- leaving only one option. This
             | political movement is already based on the idea that people
             | different than them don't deserve to be treated like human
             | beings, and will not be.
        
           | n144q wrote:
           | Funny I see this kind of misguided comments all the time.
           | 
           | Their immigration policy is never only about illegal
           | immigration. Do you actually think it is possible to tighten
           | immigration policy without affecting H1B?
           | 
           | If you need evidence, just look at what happened between
           | 2017-2021. H1B denial & RFE rates were way up, and the
           | administration tried multiple times to roll out policy that
           | significantly restrict the eligibility of H1B visas. They
           | even used coronavirus as an excuse to issue travel bans on
           | H1B. How is that making legal immigration easier?
        
           | ashconnor wrote:
           | Read the RAISE Act if you think that the incoming
           | administration is going to be easier on legal migrants.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAISE_Act
        
           | rat87 wrote:
           | No he ran on an explicitly racist and ANTI Immigrant (yes
           | including legal immigrants!) platform.
           | 
           | See https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c77l28myezko
        
         | ajsidncjcnbd wrote:
         | Trump has said he'd like to "staple green cards to diplomas".
         | Despite what the media portrays, he's not pro American, pro
         | white, pro nazi, whatever.
         | 
         | He's owned by a different slice of the parasitic ruling class
         | that, while opposed to some of the goals the Biden admin was
         | for, still share a common theme of not caring about the average
         | American at all. He has probably the most pro Israel cabinet
         | we've ever seen and appears to be cozying up with big tech
         | (thiel, musk, zuckerberg, etc).
         | 
         | If he was truly pro American H1-B would be thrown out and we'd
         | require these companies that are wildly profitable to invest in
         | educating American workers. H1-B is used to exploit both
         | foreign and domestic labor to the benefit of a tiny population
         | of capital holders.
        
           | creer wrote:
           | Wouldn't attaching green cards - or at least temporary work
           | permits - to US university degrees be a positive change
           | compared to employment agencies / contractor firms trying to
           | sneak in piles of people without such degrees and screening?
           | That would be a good response to the issue of training
           | (ideally) highly qualified smart people and then kicking them
           | out.
        
             | laidoffamazon wrote:
             | Except he was president for four years and did the opposite
             | - remarkable that people want to forget 2017-2021
        
               | creer wrote:
               | There is that. And the idea of trying to retain new grads
               | would already have worked 30 years ago and yet here we
               | are.
        
           | cma wrote:
           | Didn't Trump try to prevent even _greencard holders_ from
           | returning if they were from overseas from the wrong religious
           | area of the world, after promising a Muslim ban? And was then
           | only stopped by courts? Or am I misremembering that?
        
             | laidoffamazon wrote:
             | Yes, he did, it affected greencard holders for a brief
             | period because it was a poorly designed idea thought up by
             | malicious and stupid people.
        
               | cma wrote:
               | Thought so. From what OP said:
               | 
               | > Despite what the media portrays, he's not pro American,
               | pro white, pro nazi, whatever.
               | 
               | Going after a religious/ethnic minority legally holding
               | United States greencard status... Even if he tried to
               | hide it in regions and not a DNA or religious test, he
               | did it immediately after campaigning on a Muslim ban in
               | those words. Sounds quite in line with those terms except
               | it is actually anti-American if we take a huge part of
               | 'pro American' to mean valuing the First Amendment.
        
           | bdangubic wrote:
           | > If he was truly pro American H1-B would be thrown out and
           | we'd require these companies that are wildly profitable to
           | invest in educating American workers. H1-B is used to exploit
           | both foreign and domestic labor to the benefit of a tiny
           | population of capital holders.
           | 
           | This is exactly right and exactly why Trump won't do anything
           | about it... when you surround yourself will billionaires
           | you'll want to make this that this tiny population of capital
           | holders prospers even further :)
        
           | JackYoustra wrote:
           | I mean, that's how you end up with Qian Xuesen and every
           | high-tech chinese program succeeding
        
         | root_axis wrote:
         | Unlikely. Elon heavily favors more H1-Bs. If they roll it back,
         | they'll introduce their own version that is even more favorable
         | to those that gain by suppressing tech worker salaries.
        
       | umanwizard wrote:
       | What does this change, if anything, for software engineers at
       | FAANG and similar companies?
        
         | Cerium wrote:
         | This is key: "Flexibility to start working immediately upon
         | petition filing"
         | 
         | Currently workers are often abused since the system puts
         | intense pressure to keep a job and don't move around.
        
       | throwaway48476 wrote:
       | I expect a lot of H1B applicants creating shell corporations.
        
         | roughly wrote:
         | Well, they've passed the "culture" part of the citizenship
         | test, then
        
           | throwaway48476 wrote:
           | H1B isn't citizenship.
        
             | roughly wrote:
             | I'm aware.
        
         | binarymax wrote:
         | From what I understand you also need to be able to pay yourself
         | a $60,000 salary minimum, from that LLC. If people can do that,
         | then power to them and let them stay!
         | 
         | If you're worried about people shortcutting a line to get a
         | visa by injecting money into the US economy, again by somehow
         | getting 60K into the LLC to pay the salary of the recipient,
         | this is also a win.
         | 
         | So what is the problem here exactly?
        
       | jpollock wrote:
       | Allowing spouses to work on a H4 visa is a HUGE change.
       | 
       | It was a big problem for our family.
        
         | itissid wrote:
         | And obama made that happen in his last days in office in Dec
         | 2015/Jan 2016
        
           | jpollock wrote:
           | I thought that was specifically for when you were waiting for
           | the residency permit, not a random H4.
        
         | vsskanth wrote:
         | Spouses on H4 cannot work unless the primary H1B has an
         | approved I-140 immigrant petition. It's not automatic.
        
       | fakedang wrote:
       | Seems like the current admin trying to stuff all the laws right
       | in time for the next admin to dismantle...
       | 
       | Oh no, the 50% rule won't be exploited sir.
        
         | autoexecbat wrote:
         | I hope it says that they _remain_ above 50%
        
       | frgtpsswrdlame wrote:
       | Regarding this part:
       | 
       | Clarification of specialty role                 - Less strict on
       | the direct link between degree/job responsibilities            -
       | Recognizes that AI may require multiple academic background
       | 
       | You really won't need to clarify whether the role is a specialty
       | one or not if you just increase the minimum wage for H1Bs. I
       | really don't know why we don't have some rule that pins H1B wages
       | to like the 90th percentile wage.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | It would be exceptionally easy to solve the "H1B problem" by
         | making sure that H1Bs are more expensive than local talent;
         | then they really only would be used when local talent doesn't
         | exist.
        
       | richwater wrote:
       | Yet even more ways for corporations to underpay native, domestic
       | workers.
        
         | physhster wrote:
         | How so?
        
           | hgs3 wrote:
           | It's supply and demand economics: if there is a low supply of
           | workers and a high demand for them, then employers are
           | supposed to compete for them with more pay, more benefits,
           | training/education, etc. When the supply of workers is
           | artificially increased, then companies have less incentive to
           | compete. It becomes a buyer's market for employers.
        
             | ritcgab wrote:
             | > if there is a low supply of workers and a high demand for
             | them
             | 
             | Employers outsource all those works to overseas.
        
               | throwawa14223 wrote:
               | Then throw them in prison?
        
               | syndicatedjelly wrote:
               | For what?
        
               | bradlys wrote:
               | They've said this for decades and SV engineers still
               | pulling down $500k+/yr while someone in Hyderabad isn't
               | making anywhere close to that.
        
               | JackYoustra wrote:
               | It can't be due to fundamental skill, though! That same
               | engineer's earnings statistically triple upon moving to
               | the US, which is why we should allow more of them in:
               | people are more productive in the US, and we all benefit
               | from their productivity (most obviously fiscally, but
               | less obviously through products that wouldn't exist in
               | the counterfactual).
        
             | JackYoustra wrote:
             | General equilibrium exists though, if the supply of workers
             | increases you usually see businesses which were previously
             | non-viable appear to take advantage of them at similar
             | rates.
             | 
             | You can illustrate this by doing the other direction: if we
             | killed half of the workforce, would real wages double.
             | Unlikely! You'd probably just see broad-based inflation for
             | a while until wages equalized again.
             | 
             | For a first-take study on this, see
             | https://davidcard.berkeley.edu/papers/mariel-impact.pdf
        
       | nosequel wrote:
       | > Roles tied to research institutions cap-exempt
       | 
       | And in comes a flood of "Research Software Engineer" roles
        
         | cflewis wrote:
         | Yeah, I wonder what that is going to ground out to. With the AI
         | race, basically anything tangential is research, at least in
         | the definition of "doing something scientific-looking that's
         | not been done before". That could include a _lot_ of companies
         | from massive to tiny.
        
         | rorytbyrne wrote:
         | As a working scientist, this is a hugely underserved category
         | in academic/industry science. This would be very welcome.
        
       | crmd wrote:
       | It's never been clear to me why this program exists in the first
       | place, other than to put downward pressure on US STEM wages. What
       | am I missing?
        
         | creer wrote:
         | You are missing that it is used a lot in spite of that process
         | (1) being a major administrative headache for the users, both
         | employees and employers, (2) costly compared to hiring "locals"
         | although that's moderated by perhaps lower salary with not a
         | huge amount of evidence, and (3) rather unpredictable and risky
         | for both employees and employers.
         | 
         | You don't see the need but perhaps the users do.
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | Hypothetically it exists to allow companies to hire singular
         | overseas experts like von Braun or Einstein that don't have
         | domestic equivalents. It has become totally accepted to lie on
         | the application though and now it is used to hire Java
         | developers.
        
           | mportela wrote:
           | I believe that's the O-1 visa, not the H-1B.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | That's a sign of how accepted it has become to say that you
             | can't find any local workers that know Python when filling
             | out the H1-B forms. The requirement is there but it's
             | normally overlooked.
             | 
             | "The intent of the H-1B provisions is to help employers who
             | cannot otherwise obtain needed business skills and
             | abilities from the U.S. workforce [...]"
             | 
             | https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/immigration/h1b
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | At some point it becomes "couldn't obtain the required
               | talent at the prices the business was willing to pay".
        
           | strongpigeon wrote:
           | That is incorrect. People with exceptional abilities are
           | covered under EB-1 green cards (and O-1 visas). H-1B was
           | created to bring people in specialty occupations requiring a
           | bachelor's degree or equivalent experience. A Java developer
           | definitely meets the bar (with the right degree or
           | experience).
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | It's impossible to truthfully state on an H1-B form that
             | the US labor market can't provide an experienced Java
             | developer.
        
               | strongpigeon wrote:
               | That is correct, but tangential to the original point of
               | extraordinary abilities.
               | 
               | But it's also possible to say that one hasn't been able
               | to find a skilled-enough Java developer.
        
               | 15155 wrote:
               | The Java developers coming over on H-1Bs are often bottom
               | of the barrel.
        
               | risyachka wrote:
               | True, but at the same time immigrants have nothing to
               | lose and everything to gain, thus in many cases they will
               | work harder/longer and as result often be more skilled
               | than an average developer.
               | 
               | And in general skilled immigration has many times over
               | been proven to only benefit the country and that java
               | developer you mention.
        
           | returningfory2 wrote:
           | This piece of misinformation seems to be trotted out every
           | time H-1B is discussed. H-1B is not for "extraordinary
           | ability", the O-1 is. The H-1B is just designed for regular
           | workers in a "specialty occupation". This is how Congress
           | designed it in the Immigration and Nationality Act.
        
         | remarkEon wrote:
         | You're not missing anything. Other than that, seemingly, STEM
         | roles are the only industry where the laws of supply and demand
         | do not apply, and a positive supply shock of something does
         | not, for some reason, drive down the price.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | If a supply shock doesn't drive down the price then it
           | suggests that the supply constraint was larger than than the
           | shock and that the market was being artificially constrained
           | to prevent the prices from rising to meet demand.
        
             | InsideOutSanta wrote:
             | It's also possible that the supply itself is what creates
             | more demand. People who move to the US are probably less
             | risk-averse than the average person, and more likely to
             | start new companies, creating more jobs.
        
             | remarkEon wrote:
             | So in other words, yes, for whatever reason tech is this
             | special case that doesn't apply anywhere else and supply
             | shocks don't matter.
             | 
             | An odd claim, wish there was more evidence for it being
             | true. As in, what is the "artificial constraint" for front
             | end web developers?
        
           | sunshowers wrote:
           | Have you engaged with the Card vs Borjas literature at all?
           | We learn about the world by studying it, not by simply
           | thinking about it from one's armchair.
        
             | remarkEon wrote:
             | No, and after that brief description I definitely won't.
             | 
             | You learn about the world by living in it, not by reading
             | about it.
        
               | sunshowers wrote:
               | Indeed, you are part of the grand American tradition of
               | reveling in ignorance.
        
               | remarkEon wrote:
               | It's more the grand American tradition of not listening
               | to self-appointed experts.
        
           | Aperocky wrote:
           | STEM roles already pay incredibly well in this country, and
           | even more so if you compare it globally.
           | 
           | What is the downward price shock you're talking about? What
           | do you think the salary would or should be, assuming all H1B
           | worker are magically gone the next day?
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | The program exists to get skilled workers into the US. It has
         | done this well. There are few other programs to get them in and
         | onto a pathway to permanent residence and citizenship. STEM
         | wages don't exist in a vacuum. Increased utility to the US
         | economy is more important than them. The US government
         | rightfully determined that having people like Elon Musk here
         | makes this nation more competitive. Likely the effect was also
         | to increase software engineering compensation but that's harder
         | to tell.
        
         | strongpigeon wrote:
         | It's enabling companies to bring highly skilled individuals to
         | work in the USA rather than having them open offices in other
         | countries.
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | If it's about urgently needed skills, then anybody who has a
           | H-1B visa is of course the highest paid worker in his or her
           | company. Right?
        
           | margorczynski wrote:
           | That's how it is marketed to the masses. From what I hear
           | from many US citizens it actually looks quite different in
           | reality.
        
             | dilyevsky wrote:
             | The reality is US is a tech powerhouse, many successful
             | companies have been started by former h1b holders and US
             | tech workers are highest paid in the world (even PPP
             | adjusted). What you're hearing is not the reality - it's
             | just vibes.
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | For the "highly skilled" there's the O-1 visa.
        
             | 0x457 wrote:
             | Not really, O-1 is essentially a visa to bring a specific
             | person to the US. While H1B is a wide net (yes, visa given
             | to a specific person, not what I'm saying).
             | 
             | o-1 is to bring Albert Einstein and h1b is to bring some
             | physicist that matches criteria.
             | 
             | As in, O-1 is person-focused, while H1B is role-focused.
        
               | nirav72 wrote:
               | >h1b is to bring some physicist that matches criteria.
               | 
               | those are exceptional cases. The majority of the 65K year
               | h1b visas granted every year are for filling IT related
               | positions. Mostly dev related positions.
        
               | 0x457 wrote:
               | I only used physicist because I couldn't come up with a
               | name for O-1 recipient that isn't already a US citizen
               | from top of my head.
        
         | jonny_eh wrote:
         | Global competition exists. If US companies can't hire the best,
         | others will. I hope you don't assume that all the best
         | workers/researchers are born within US borders.
        
           | vouaobrasil wrote:
           | I don't think countries should hire the best. Pretty good
           | should do. They should foster a greater sense of community
           | within their borders. Now, I'm not against immigration. I
           | myself am an immigrant. But I think there's too much global
           | fluidity and not enough attention paid to taking care of
           | one's own.
        
             | Cumpiler69 wrote:
             | _> not enough attention paid to taking care of one's own._
             | 
             | Because that's not profitable.
        
           | throwaway48476 wrote:
           | The best people are in no small part a product of their
           | environment. You can have the best people but with no
           | resources they won't be productive.
        
           | grumple wrote:
           | Do you think the average H1B or other visa holder in STEM is
           | among "the best"? I'm forced to hire non-American engineers
           | (contractors) because my company is too cheap to pay for and
           | commit to paying American workers full time for a couple of
           | years. There are certainly a ton of qualified Americans who
           | can work for us (fully remote) for not much more money, and
           | their native English skills would make them objectively
           | better at the position. I would even hire juniors straight
           | out of school, but the corporate bs gets in the way.
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | You are mixing up purpose and effect. The purpose is to provide
         | more and cheaper STEM workers. The effect is downward pressure
         | on wages.
         | 
         | Phrased differently, the goal is to help industry, not hurt
         | workers. Hurting some workers is an acceptable cost, not the
         | goal.
         | 
         | One idea is that having a thriving industrial ecosystem helps
         | those same workers more than the downward pressure.
        
           | InsideOutSanta wrote:
           | As somebody who does not live and work in the US, it seems
           | plausible to me that the H1B system helps prevent other
           | countries from obtaining similar talent hubs as Sillicon
           | Valley. A lot of the talent is in the US, which attracts more
           | companies, which attracts more talent, which means it's
           | easier to go to the US and work there and start companies
           | there than to do it anywhere else.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | There's also the easier financing, but yes - I'm sure the
             | outcome is dominated by the network effect of having denser
             | talent. That's one of the reasons Silicon Valley is so hard
             | to replicate elsewhere.
        
             | JackYoustra wrote:
             | it's not really the goal, but there are many cases of
             | people denied visas going back and having huge success
        
           | tssva wrote:
           | If the purpose is cheaper STEM workers than downward pressure
           | on wages is a goal and not just an effect.
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | The goal isnt to hurt workers for its own sake. The goal is
             | to help industry.
             | 
             | If harm was the goal, something like a STEM worker tax or
             | cutting R&D tax incentives would be easier.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > If harm was the goal, something like a STEM worker tax
               | or cutting R&D tax incentives would be easier
               | 
               | These would affect all STEM workers equivalently. The
               | H1-B program, whatever one thinks of its merits, hurts
               | domestic STEM workers and helps immigrant STEM workers.
               | 
               | Perhaps the result is that the overall opportunities are
               | greater because the larger talent pool results in more
               | companies being formed. That depends a lot on how mature
               | the industry is, and whether technological trends like
               | generative AI will replace large swaths or STEM workers
               | altogether.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | This argument is kind of "I'm going to extract all your
               | blood, but it's not to kill you, but to increase my
               | profits".
               | 
               | You can't really separate the two sides of the same coin.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I think you can exactly separate them. One is the goal,
               | and the other is the effect.
               | 
               | Im not extracting all your blood for the fun of it, or to
               | kill you. profit is the motivation.
               | 
               | Saying the motivation is to kill you is simply not
               | correct. It is a byproduct.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | You can't achieve the goal without the unpleasant side
               | effect, then you can't really separate them.
               | 
               | Can we honestly say these hires are paid exactly the same
               | their American counterparts would be willing to accept?
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | If you shovel shit all day to make money to eat, can you
               | tell me which part is the motivation?
               | 
               | Im not sure why this is confusing. One part is the
               | motivation, the other isnt.
        
               | tssva wrote:
               | The goal is to help industry in a specific manner.
               | Lowering salary costs therefore suppressing wages is an
               | integral part of the goal.
        
           | danans wrote:
           | > phrased differently, the goal is to help industry, not hurt
           | workers. hurting some workers is an acceptable cost, not the
           | goal.
           | 
           | The phrase "help industry" has many dimensions. The simplest
           | of course is that by increasing labor supply and suppressing
           | wages it increases profit margins, rewarding shareholders.
           | 
           | Another important function is that by having more workers
           | overall in the US, it increases the productivity of the
           | domestic industry itself, due to increased competition for
           | jobs driving up the productivity of the average worker. This
           | in turn makes the industry more competitive vs its
           | equivalents in other countries.
           | 
           | The average worker (whether permanent resident or
           | temporary/H1B) who doesn't have significant investments
           | likely doesn't receive much of those productivity gains,
           | since they mostly go to capital owners.
           | 
           | Long term, it boosts returns to capital while capping returns
           | to labor, the same trend noted by Thomas Piketty some years
           | back.
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | I dont think there long term impacts are so clear or
             | cynical. the question is less about productivity, but
             | network effect, number of jobs, and quality of jobs.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > I dont think there long term impacts are so clear or
               | cynical
               | 
               | The economic impacts I described are looking backwards,
               | not forward, and the data is pretty clear that long term
               | returns on capital swamp the returns on labor (especially
               | since the 1970s). STEM workers have been somewhat
               | insulated from that due to the industries they work in
               | growing in the past few decades faster than the labor
               | supply. It's anyone's guess whether or not either trend
               | will continue into the future.
               | 
               | > the question is less about productivity, but network
               | effect, number of jobs, and quality of jobs.
               | 
               | I'd argue productivity and returns to capital are almost
               | everything when it comes to what informs immigration
               | policy from an economic lens. "Network effect" is a
               | mechanism, not an outcome, and outcome metrics like
               | "quality of job" or even "quality of life afforded by a
               | job" are not a concern of such policies. On average, they
               | might improve, or they might get worse, but productivity
               | and returns on capital will always go up, whether they
               | require workers or not.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I understand that you are trying to make a point about
               | return on capital, but I dont understand how you are
               | connecting it to the question of H1-B visas and if local
               | benefits to industrial expertise outweigh the downward
               | pressure from labor competition.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > I dont understand how you are connecting it to the
               | question of H1-B visas and if local benefits to
               | industrial expertise outweigh the downward pressure from
               | labor competition.
               | 
               | Because what you are calling "local benefits to
               | industrial expertise" is ultimately realized in the form
               | of returns on capital.
               | 
               | Whether these benefits outweigh the costs is an open
               | question.
               | 
               | When the tech industry's growth was very talent
               | constrained as it was in the last few decades, arguably
               | opening labor competition had the effect of increasing
               | overall growth (mainly through new production invention).
               | The list of immigrant technologists who have created new
               | technologies and products - and jobs as a result - could
               | probably fill an encyclopedia.
               | 
               | It's unknown whether that type of growth - the kind that
               | creates more and better jobs - will continue, especially
               | given recent developments in AI.
               | 
               | If the benefits going forward are largely going to be
               | based on massive increases in labor efficiency, then it's
               | not as clear that the benefits (mostly to capital)
               | outweigh the costs (mostly to labor). Most business
               | models in AI are predicated on replacing people, who are
               | expensive, not making more or better goods. Sure, we'll
               | get some neat robots along the way that actually make
               | stuff, but that will likely be a small fraction of the
               | money to be made.
               | 
               | Or perhaps we are at the dawn of a new era of technology
               | which will make more and better jobs. We'll see.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | OK, so you were changing the topic to something else you
               | wanted to talk about. That was not clear to me. I thought
               | you were making a rebuttal to what I was saying.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | Correct, if you look at my comment I was unpacking what
               | the phrase "to help industry" could mean, not rebutting
               | your comment.
               | 
               | It's relevant to the original context because what helps
               | industry (in terms of immigration regulation) might or
               | might not help workers in that industry.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | The interesting thing about the return to labor vs
               | capital line of argument is that generally speaking,
               | capital doesnt consume the types of product that labor is
               | interested in.
               | 
               | When productivity goes up, that doesnt mean workers are
               | making 10X as many houses or hamburgers, which capitalist
               | are eating.
               | 
               | For me, this begs the questions of what exactly is being
               | produced when we say worker productivity has increased,
               | and where is it going? If it is "stuff" being produced,
               | surely it should be evident somewhere, like massive
               | exports hoarded stockpiles. Alternatively, the
               | productivity is an illusion because there is a
               | corresponding inefficiency or deadweight loss, like
               | paying some service workers to create problems and paying
               | others to fix them.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > For me, this begs the questions of what exactly is
               | being produced when we say worker productivity has
               | increased, and where is it going?
               | 
               | Power.
               | 
               | Political power: policies written to benefit the highest
               | bidder.
               | 
               | Financial power: more leverage in being able to dictate
               | terms of borrowing by workers - and being able to force
               | the government to borrow from capitalists instead of
               | levying taxes on them.
               | 
               | Physical power: Being able to buy/influence law
               | enforcement (themselves a type of worker) to protect the
               | capitalist's interests over those of other workers.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I dont follow. IF we say worker power or GDP has
               | increased 200% over the review period, what is the
               | additional _product_.
               | 
               | My understanding is that GDP or Piketty's review has no
               | column for "Power".
               | 
               | If someone is counting influence as GDP and worker
               | productivity, I would say that is a faulty measure, and
               | worker productivity _has not increased_.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | Increasing worker productivity manifests as greater
               | returns that predominately go to capital owners, not
               | workers. That concentrated wealth in the hands of capital
               | owners is wielded as power in the political, economic,
               | and physical realms.
               | 
               | The "product" that the increased productivity buys is
               | control over policy at whatever level of government, not
               | more washing machines or tires.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Returns of _what_? I feel like this argument is leaving
               | out words and skipping logical steps. Hamburgers are a
               | product, cars are a product, cleaning services are a
               | product. Wealth is not a product.
               | 
               | If you have a company and worker productivity goes up
               | 200%, where does the product go? Wealth created selling
               | that product may go to the owner, and carry power with
               | it, but that doesn't answer the fundamental question.
               | Where is the product?
        
               | crmd wrote:
               | In my experience close to 100% of productivity increases
               | accrue exclusively to shareholders.
               | 
               | When my companies have produced more output from the same
               | inputs (or the same output from less inputs in the case
               | of mass layoffs), we return the cash to shareholders by
               | way of a stock buyback or special dividend the following
               | quarter.
               | 
               | Maybe in some companies they instead give workers raises
               | or outsize holiday bonuses, but I've never seen this.
        
               | i18nsoftware wrote:
               | > long term returns on capital swamp the returns on labor
               | 
               | That effect mostly comes from housing, non-housing
               | capital has not had that big difference in returns. See
               | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/deciphering-the-fall-
               | and-...
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > Existing studies that show an increase in capital's
               | share of income miss the growing role of depreciation in
               | short-lived capital, in items such as software, says
               | MIT's Matthew Rognlie in "Deciphering the Fall and Rise
               | in the Net Capital Share."
               | 
               | Subtracting depreciation isn't a fair comparison. The
               | example uses software as a short-lived asset. Has the
               | monetary value of Google's search algorithms depreciated?
               | They've been upgraded with routine investment, but the
               | scale of the returns on their upkeep vastly outweighs the
               | capital investment, otherwise Google wouldn't be so
               | profitable.
               | 
               | Software of the internally-developed sort isn't even
               | depreciable [1], so it's not clear how its value for
               | these purposes would be determined (short of assuming it
               | represents a percentage of the business's value).
               | 
               | Also, from the paper linked in your article:
               | 
               | > Once all compensation of employees at the sawmill is
               | subtracted, the remainder is its gross capital income.
               | Some of this capital income will be _paid to lenders in
               | the form of interest_ , some will be paid to the
               | government in taxes on profits, and the rest may be
               | _retained on the balance sheet of the sawmill_ or
               | _distributed as dividends to shareholders_. Gross capital
               | income is thus a very broad concept, encompassing funds
               | that are ultimately paid out to many different recipients
               | --it is unaffected, for instance, by the split in
               | financing between debt and equity.3 GROSS VERSUS NET:
               | CONCEPTS An alternative to gross value-added is net
               | value-added, which subtracts depreciation. This can be
               | divided into labor and net capital income, the latter
               | being gross capital income minus depreciation.
               | 
               | Everything which I have emphasized above are examples of
               | returns to capital. Excluding them from consideration in
               | this presentation is ignoring how a large amount of
               | returns are channeled to owners of capital.
               | 
               | Debt-holders gain from interest and shareholders are
               | enriched via dividends and share buybacks that never
               | appear on the article's net income derived graph.
               | 
               | Of course, when you willfully ignore those huge tranches
               | of returns, then housing looks like a major factor,
               | because it is the common asset class that has been on a
               | largely unchecked inflationary track.
               | 
               | Finally, your article from 2015 argues that the overall
               | trend will reverse and labor's share of GDP will start
               | increasing. Here's what has actually happened since then:
               | 
               | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PRS85006173
               | 
               | The brief spike in 2020 was due to pandemic era
               | redistribution policies like the child tax credit, among
               | others. Since those have been repealed, labor's share has
               | continued its prior trend downwards.
               | 
               | 1. https://www.irs.gov/publications/p946#en_US_2023_publi
               | nk1000...
        
           | cibyr wrote:
           | The purpose of a system is what it does.
        
         | HDThoreaun wrote:
         | The US owes much of its success to its ability to poach talent
         | from other countries. By letting all the people who would start
         | competing firms move to the US instead international
         | competition is reduced and the products built in the US are
         | better.
        
         | BeetleB wrote:
         | Software is one of the few STEM fields where one can get a
         | fantastic job with just a Bachelor's. In most other engineering
         | fields, a MS gives you a significant boost, and a PhD may do so
         | as well.
         | 
         | The reality is that in most of those fields, few Americans get
         | an MS/PhD. Go to a typical engineering department and you'll
         | often see the majority of advanced degree students are
         | foreigners.
         | 
         | So it's a question of: Do we want to continue to train
         | foreigners, only to not have them contribute to the US economy?
         | 
         | If you move out to the pure sciences, you pretty much need a
         | PhD to get a good career. Once again, a big chunk, if not the
         | majority, are foreigners.
         | 
         | Look around at the highly skilled folks you see who are not of
         | US origin, and you'll find most of them are in the US due to
         | the H1-B program (only a tiny percentage come via other
         | programs like the O visa).
         | 
         | Yes, H1-B is often abused, but this is the reason it exists.
         | It's a lot harder to get an H1B visa and then permanent
         | residency if your degree is in the humanities, for example.
        
           | memtet wrote:
           | Ooh yes, let's address next how US top universities are all
           | profit machines incentivized to take as many foreigners as
           | possible, driving up the tuition they can charge so US
           | citizens can't afford to get degrees. Let's do talk about how
           | if you get a part time job to be able to pay for college then
           | they yank your financial aid.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | Why taking in foreign students raises the cost of tuition?
             | Aren't they paying full price for it?
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | While foreigners definitely are a cash cow, I think you'll
             | find in STEM fields most foreign PhD students are _not_
             | paying tuition, but are instead funded by US grants.
             | 
             | As for the cost of tuition, there are many, many reasons,
             | and I suspect if you did a PCA, you'll find "raising
             | tuition to milk foreigners" to be of minimal impact.
             | 
             | In my state, for example, a local university publicized
             | their finances going back decades, and the increase in
             | tuition has been mirrored by a drop in state support per
             | student. Overall the university is not making more money
             | per student than they were 30 years ago - the only thing
             | that changed is the entity making the payments.
        
               | pellucide wrote:
               | I am genuinely curious. Do you have a link to the
               | publicized finances
        
           | bradlys wrote:
           | Isn't it well known that the main reason that most foreigners
           | have advanced degrees is because that's how they get into the
           | country legally in the first place?
           | 
           | I don't see many people getting employed straight out of
           | undergrad from India or China and moving to the US directly.
           | They get their advanced degree here first to get into the
           | country then they get employed...
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | > Isn't it well known that the main reason that most
             | foreigners have advanced degrees is because that's how they
             | get into the country legally in the first place?
             | 
             | Yes, and ...?
             | 
             | I mean, if it were a requirement to start a business and
             | employ 10 Americans gainfully, would you go and say "Yeah,
             | but the reason so many foreign born people do that is so
             | they can get in legally."
             | 
             | So?
             | 
             | As long as they have higher level training than most
             | Americans, and as long as we spend money training them (via
             | research/teaching grants), isn't it a good idea to keep
             | them?
        
               | bradlys wrote:
               | You're assuming people are really learning anything in
               | those programs that they wouldn't have had in their
               | undergrad. I've never met an American with an undergrad
               | who is underperforming compared to their foreign MS
               | counterparts. The MS is merely a cheaper tool to get into
               | the country than other investment visas plus you get
               | credentialed. I think it's also a bit of a validation
               | tool that the person actually has studied at the same
               | level as US counterparts. I have met some people from
               | India who were surprised at how difficult college was
               | when they came to the US compared to back in India.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | I was surprised at how easy college was in India when I
               | saw the coursework.
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | > I've never met an American with an undergrad who is
               | underperforming compared to their foreign MS
               | counterparts.
               | 
               | Outside of SW, not many engineering jobs have a mix of
               | undergrads and MS folks doing the same work, so your
               | sample is extremely biased.
               | 
               | > I have met some people from India who were surprised at
               | how difficult college was when they came to the US
               | compared to back in India.
               | 
               | And I've met the opposite. Ask folks who went to the top
               | IITs.
        
           | stackskipton wrote:
           | I think vast majority of Americans not going on to higher
           | education is because system is so screwed up due to debt and
           | unlimited student visas.
           | 
           | Debt means most Americans go "I need to enter into the job
           | market so I can pay off these debts".
           | 
           | Also, alot of foreign students are willing to work/study
           | insane hours because visa hanging over their head. I have a
           | friend who got MS in Engineering but didn't want to continue
           | because he looked at what's required and started talking with
           | his mentor about his PhD. His mentor said it's 996 schedule
           | and if you don't want to, I can likely find a student visa
           | student who will.
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | > I think vast majority of Americans not going on to higher
             | education is because system is so screwed up due to debt
             | and unlimited student visas.
             | 
             | For undergrad, I understand the frustration, although
             | student visas have almost nothing to do with it. As an
             | example, when I was in my undergrad (for engineering),
             | there was only one foreign student in my engineering
             | classes. Almost all the foreign students were at the MS/PhD
             | level. The number of foreign students in the undergrad
             | population was easily under 5%, if not under 1%.
             | 
             | Probably true in most no-name state schools.
             | 
             | > Debt means most Americans go "I need to enter into the
             | job market so I can pay off these debts".
             | 
             | An MS is only 2 years, and you should go only if it's fully
             | paid for (quite often the case in engineering). And you
             | typically don't accrue interest on undergrad debts for
             | those 2 years - so it's only delaying paying off debts by 2
             | years.
             | 
             | No - most Americans don't do MS in engineering, simply
             | because they don't want to and don't value it.
             | 
             | > Also, alot of foreign students are willing to work/study
             | insane hours because visa hanging over their head. I have a
             | friend who got MS in Engineering but didn't want to
             | continue because he looked at what's required and started
             | talking with his mentor about his PhD. His mentor said it's
             | 996 schedule and if you don't want to, I can likely find a
             | student visa student who will.
             | 
             | Entirely dependent on the advisor, although I do suspect
             | your anecdote is becoming more common. Also, likely more
             | common at top tier universities and less so in no name
             | state universities.
        
             | elashri wrote:
             | > I think vast majority of Americans not going on to higher
             | education is because system is so screwed up due to debt
             | and unlimited student visas.
             | 
             | International students percentage is about 6% of total high
             | education population [1]. We can say that their percentage
             | in higher in some fields/degrees. But overall they are not
             | significant reason High Education is not affordable.
             | Actually for undergraduate (majority of international
             | students) they will pay more tuition and many colleges
             | wants to admit more to subsidize domestic students.
             | 
             | > Debt means most Americans go "I need to enter into the
             | job market so I can pay off these debts".
             | 
             | Study abroad is expensive and you still need to enter the
             | job market to earn your living and probably pay your dept
             | (some will take loans to study in the US). This applies
             | quite well to international students too.
             | 
             | [1] https://opendoorsdata.org/annual-release/international-
             | stude...
        
               | sneed_chucker wrote:
               | > International students percentage is about 6% of total
               | high education population
               | 
               | It's much much higher in Postgraduate because it's a way
               | to stay in the country without being employed
        
             | cuteboy19 wrote:
             | foreign students actually subsidize higher education for
             | most universities
        
           | charlie0 wrote:
           | The reason why foreigners get those degrees is because it's a
           | way for them to stay in the USA longer. I have a friend who
           | didn't win a renewal for their H1B and they signed up for a
           | master's program and applied for a different VISA. So yeah,
           | some foreigners get them because their hands are forced.
        
         | breadwinner wrote:
         | US tech exports in 2018 was $338 billion. Tech is our biggest
         | export by far. Think of the US tech industry as a siphon that
         | sucks in wealth from foreign countries. Would you want to make
         | that siphon bigger or smaller?
         | 
         | If you want to make that siphon bigger -- and more competitive
         | -- how would you do it? By limiting the people that can work in
         | tech to whoever companies can hire locally, or by bringing in
         | the smartest people from around the world?
         | 
         | Read more: https://mckoder.medium.com/does-america-need-
         | immigration-781...
        
           | PessimalDecimal wrote:
           | Does "The US" siphon that money off? Or Meta, Google, Amazon,
           | Microsoft, etc. siphon that money off? And where and to whom
           | does it go from there?
           | 
           | The major benefit of reducing or eliminating the H1B visa
           | program is that those companies can continue to do well, and
           | Americans can do well along with them.
        
             | strongpigeon wrote:
             | Restricting or eliminating the H1B visas will cause these
             | companies to hire more in oversea offices. Consulting
             | companies however are a whole other deal.
        
               | tartoran wrote:
               | Why aren't they doing that now though?
        
               | dilyevsky wrote:
               | Because the talent is already here or will be here (on
               | h1b/o1). It's common complaint I hear from people doing
               | offshore consultancies type of businesses that their best
               | workers leave for US $$$ paycheck.
        
               | strongpigeon wrote:
               | They are to an extent.
        
             | breadwinner wrote:
             | The money this siphon brings in is benefiting not just tech
             | workers and tech shareholders. When the money is spent it
             | turns the wheels of our economy, which leads to prosperity
             | for all Americans, not just the 8% or so that work in tech.
             | 
             | The tech industry vacuums up money from foreign countries
             | and pumps it into the economy of our country. The
             | beneficiaries include all Americans, including those who
             | work in restaurants, retail, healthcare, insurance,
             | education, housing, transportation, entertainment and so
             | on.
             | 
             | Limiting tech industry to whoever companies can hire
             | locally will hurt its global competitiveness. Such a move
             | will not just hurt the few would-be tech immigrants that
             | are prevented from immigrating, but American prosperity in
             | general.
        
               | tartoran wrote:
               | When is that prosperity coming to the US? It seems that
               | it's been leaving the US for the past decades and life is
               | harder and harder and the American Dream is hardest to
               | attain in decades.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | What you are referring to is the velocity of money.
               | Compared to wage income the velocity of money from
               | capital is quite low.
        
             | jimberlage wrote:
             | Thanks for adding this - I feel like people who can't
             | understand why populism is at it's peak misunderstand this.
             | 
             | Walmart is a U.S. company that historically did well, but I
             | don't see why anyone would care unless you buy their stock
             | or live in Bentonville.
             | 
             | People don't care about macro indicators that lump the 1%
             | and the 99% together.
        
         | whereismyacc wrote:
         | you can grow the sector. there's not a fixed supply of jobs.
         | getting more talented people into your economy will likely just
         | lead to more companies, more agglomeration effects etc. it's
         | good.
        
         | idontwantthis wrote:
         | I think you should ask why any feature of our immigration
         | system exists. Each way is cruel, byzantine and expensive for
         | no discernible benefit to anyone except the directors of those
         | programs.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | It's also designed to attract talent from other countries. You
         | didn't have to invest in their education, so that part comes
         | for free.
        
         | sunshowers wrote:
         | Education. Learning. Expertise.
         | 
         | As Asimov pointed out, "[t]here is a cult of ignorance in the
         | United States, and there has always been." American culture is
         | profoundly anti-intellectual. Every Dunning-Kruger rando thinks
         | they have something valuable to contribute to every discussion.
        
           | Cumpiler69 wrote:
           | _> American culture is profoundly anti-intellectual._
           | 
           | Then why are US tech companies the most successful?
        
             | sunshowers wrote:
             | Mostly because of the foreigners, and the small portion of
             | Americans that are pro-intellectual.
        
         | eweise wrote:
         | That's exactly the reason. I don't remember working with any
         | H-1B visa people in the 90s then the dotcom boom happened and
         | demand soared. A couple years later I started working with H-1B
         | engineers and my salary flatlined for over decade since.
        
         | outworlder wrote:
         | The program exists to brain drain other countries of talent.
         | It's very successful at that.
        
           | bdangubic wrote:
           | 65k or 80k or say even 250k GLOBALLY per year is going to
           | "brain drain" 8+ billion Global population? Yup, you got it,
           | that's what US is doing...
        
             | 0x457 wrote:
             | What make you think that majority of that 8 billion
             | population is worth to drain?
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | nothing at all :)
        
               | 0x457 wrote:
               | I'm not saying it's good or bad at brain drain, I'm just
               | saying without knowing how many people overseas are worth
               | "draining" that's not an argument.
               | 
               | The program might have been designed for this, sold as
               | this, but it's definitely not used for that anymore.
               | 
               | H1B was created in 1990, that's when Russia (and ex-USSR
               | in general) had a lot of idle brains that wouldn't mind
               | moving to the US. Today isn't 1990 tho.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | my apologies, I was just being sarcastic in my initial
               | comment... the brain draining other countries by taking
               | in 65k or whatever yearly is ... funny for the lack of
               | worse but respectable word :)
        
           | nirav72 wrote:
           | Bringing over 10K java developers a year is going to brain
           | drain other countries of java developers?
        
         | hector_vasquez wrote:
         | Put simply: It is in the national interest to have the world's
         | most talented technologists here. It is yet more in the
         | national interest that they work here, for us, and not for our
         | enemies. One of the best ways we can compete with China is to
         | attract their best and brightest with our free society and high
         | wages.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | Imagine developing the atomic bomb with just US born
         | scientists.
        
         | JackYoustra wrote:
         | Tech exists in a globally competitive market: the companies
         | will exist where the skilled workers are, and the tax benefits
         | will occur there. The US's large immigration rate is a
         | precondition for maintaining its tech dominance and all of the
         | benefits thereof.
        
       | h1bgamer wrote:
       | This H1B program is gamed so hard its a joke at this point.
       | 
       | I personally witnessed someone that submit multiple applications
       | that this person won the H1B lottery. This person even had fake
       | office, fake business address, etc for the fake entities.
       | 
       | I already reported it, but no action has been taken. This person
       | is now happily employed in the US using H1B.
       | 
       | Unethical life pro tips but work: for those of you trying to get
       | H1B, just submit multiple applications to multiple "companies".
       | There are services like this out there, just need to find out
       | where.
       | 
       | Good luck. This nation is for plunder.
        
         | mksreddy wrote:
         | Didn't the rule change last year where all applications by same
         | person is considered as one?
        
           | h1bgamer wrote:
           | Yup but they actually can't check.
        
             | ashconnor wrote:
             | Erm they can. They are looking at passport numbers now.
        
             | n144q wrote:
             | Dude that's just not true. You need to submit almost every
             | single detail about yourself before the lottery, including
             | information on your passport. In fact this has dramatically
             | decreased the duplicate entries to H1B lottery.
        
               | h1bgamer wrote:
               | You are free to believe what you want. I myself witnessed
               | it. Fake address, fake office. Apply to "4" "companies".
               | 
               | You have no idea what good lawyer can do :)
               | 
               | It works.
        
               | ashconnor wrote:
               | Anti-immigration rhetoric always descends into fiction.
        
         | JonoBB wrote:
         | According to https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42451726,
         | this is much less of a thing than before.
        
         | JackYoustra wrote:
         | is being employed for a salary considered plunder now?
        
       | AcerbicZero wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | 999900000999 wrote:
       | I'd rather have H1-B visas be a 5 year unrestricted work permit.
       | 
       | America needs to keep attracting the world's best and brightest,
       | but linking it to a specific employer is problematic. Opens up
       | employees to mistreatment.
       | 
       | I'd say charge a straight up fee, 500k upon approval. That gets
       | you 5 years, if your wiz making 400k a year it's a great deal.
        
         | daveguy wrote:
         | If you're trying to get the best and brightest why would you
         | charge 500 thousand dollars?! I don't care what kind of wiz you
         | are, that's prohibitive.
        
           | 999900000999 wrote:
           | You need to already have means otherwise your out competing
           | the lower end of the tech sector.
        
         | mksreddy wrote:
         | I thought it is a terrible idea from first sentence. Last
         | paragraph completely changed my mind.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | I hate that it is time restricted at all. Just make it a green
         | card program with a path to citizenship outright. Brain drain
         | the rest of the world. Instead we are providing work experience
         | to our future competitors.
        
           | aylmao wrote:
           | I worked many years under H1B, but moved out of the USA.
           | Unsure if I'll come back, technically I still have time on my
           | H1b, but man, it's just so stressful to lay roots knowing
           | they're conditional on all sorts of ticking clocks and hoops
           | to jump.
           | 
           | I like working at early stage startups-- works pretty well
           | with H1B but it makes the process of getting a green card via
           | work complicated. Some people can deal with all that stress,
           | I just rather not.
        
         | remram wrote:
         | If you need to already set up the business that can generate
         | 500k in your home country before coming here, you do the
         | opposite of bringing value and innovation to the US. You have
         | already given most of that to the home country.
        
           | aylmao wrote:
           | I suspect most people that have a business that can generate
           | $500k in their home country probably wouldn't want to move to
           | the USA at all.
           | 
           | Unless their business generates way more than $500k, in which
           | case they'd probably be moving as businessmen, not as skilled
           | workers.
        
             | remram wrote:
             | Yes exactly. They would also be advanced in their career
             | and by then probably have roots in their home country that
             | they wouldn't leave.
        
         | bastardoperator wrote:
         | Are we actually doing that though? I managed H1-B employees at
         | Verizon and honestly it felt like a scam. They weren't the best
         | and brightest despite being awesome people in general, and they
         | were also getting exploited by the company in terms of
         | compensation. The only one benefitting seemed to be Verizon.
        
           | whereismyacc wrote:
           | would they have preferred not being able to live/work in the
           | US at all?
        
             | bastardoperator wrote:
             | I would have preferred for a multi-billion dollar company
             | to use the H1-B program as intended and to pay an American
             | wage to someone living and working in America.
        
               | whereismyacc wrote:
               | I'm just responding to the portion where you said the
               | only one that benefits is amazon. Surely at the very
               | least, the immigrants themselves benefit if the
               | alternative was no ability to work in the US?
        
               | bastardoperator wrote:
               | What don't you understand about being exploited and
               | underpaid?
        
         | codegeek wrote:
         | "charge a straight up fee, 500k upon approval."
         | 
         | There is already a work visa for that called EB5 even though
         | the requirement is $1M (800K for rural areas) and you will need
         | to hire 10 American workers. Plenty of rich people from other
         | countries are using that already.
        
         | bubblethink wrote:
         | 800k in investment gets you a green card. And you may even make
         | a return on that investment. Why would anyone _pay_ 500k for
         | participating in a pageant ?
        
       | hparadiz wrote:
       | The biggest loop hole for not being allowed to hire non citizens
       | or permanent residents is not the H-1B. It's actually B2B
       | contracts that have absolutely no restrictions what so ever.
       | 
       | At least the H-1B lets us keep some tax revenue.
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | The new administration will likely reform USCIS around
       | eligibility criteria rather than speed of processing and these
       | reforms will be undone as quickly as Mayorkas is gone.
        
       | DataDaemon wrote:
       | I wonder how many people will move from socialism & bureaucracy
       | Europe to the US.
        
         | varjag wrote:
         | Approximately none on top of the usual migration patterns.
        
         | Eumenes wrote:
         | Vast majority of H1bs are from India, and China. Only a few
         | hundred per year from EU countries.
        
       | kqgnkqgn wrote:
       | Seem like sensible changes, though more is still needed.
       | Requiring H1B holders to leave the country to renew paperwork is
       | an insane anachronism. The per-country caps also seem like a
       | throwback to the early 1900's era immigration exclusion policies.
       | 
       | Re: the concerns over "immigrants taking our jobs!". As a native-
       | born American working in a large tech company today - the threat
       | is very clearly not from H1B's and other visas. The threat to
       | American tech jobs is when US tech companies choose to build out
       | offices in lower cost of living countries (and I'm very much
       | including Europe in that, I think that's even a bigger problem).
       | 
       | It's much much better for America if tech companies hire workers
       | in the US, regardless of whether they are citizens. Americans are
       | eligible for those jobs, and that money stays within our economy.
       | Versus employing workers elsewhere, where American's can't easily
       | be hired, and those resources leave the US.
       | 
       | If we want to keep opportunities here - that's the issue we
       | should be focus on fixing. What regulatory steps could we
       | advocate for that would address this risk? Immigration is the
       | wrong problem, and the focus on that in certain populist circles
       | really demonstrates they are rather out of touch from what's
       | actually happening in the industries that are driving the US
       | economy today.
        
         | Threadbare wrote:
         | Following the sun is a win, faster project delivery and lowered
         | cost of development
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | Follow the sun is great for on-call rotations, but I'm my
           | experience, for regular project work, the need for a handoff
           | each day ends up being too much overhead. The teams in vastly
           | different time zones wind up working mostly independently on
           | completely different projects.
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | It brings its own set of communication and cross-cultural
           | challenges.
        
           | pdntspa wrote:
           | That's for stuff that requires 24/7 support, not some
           | harebrained project management technique that will make all
           | your teams hate you
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > to leave the country to renew paperwork is an insane
         | anachronism.
         | 
         | I always took it as a means of proving they still could return
         | somewhere if necessary. Which is a reasonable thing to assure
         | on a visa.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | That's pointless. They need to prove they have somewhere to
           | return to while regretting their visa that lets them... not
           | return there? Dumb.
           | 
           | Ultimately it just wasted time and money, and causes lots of
           | stress, for no useful purpose.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | It's a visa. The whole point is that it's not permanent and
             | you are ultimately expected to return home permanently. You
             | may also be asked to leave at any time. It's reasonable for
             | the host nation to want to ensure that outcome is still
             | available and that someone hasn't actually fully emigrated
             | here with no options for return.
             | 
             | Ultimately it's known to anyone who applies for a visa that
             | this will be the requirement, and so, if they don't want
             | the economic opportunity of working in the US, they're free
             | to avoid the stress and just stay in their home nation.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | > The whole point is that it's not permanent and you are
               | ultimately expected to return home permanently.
               | 
               | No. H1b is a "dual intent" visa. It's expected that you
               | will file for a permanent residence while on this visa.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | > It's a visa. The whole point is that it's not permanent
               | and you are ultimately expected to return home
               | permanently
               | 
               | probably do not have to tell you this but not all visas
               | are created equal... this one is particular is a dual-
               | intent visa so what you are saying applies to SOME visas,
               | just not this one :)
        
           | bubblethink wrote:
           | No, this was post 9/11. It has nothing to do with immigration
           | policy. The collective jerking after 9/11 led to many bad
           | policies, including this one. Biden half assedly tried to go
           | back to the pre 9/11 state of "stateside renewal" but it went
           | nowhere.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | > It's much much better for America if tech companies hire
         | workers in the US
         | 
         | I used the same argument in Brazil to support a strong free
         | software preference in all government functions. Support from
         | voters in Redmond wouldn't get anyone re-elected in Brazil.
        
           | fmeyer wrote:
           | Then we got RedHat using the same strategy to sell support
           | for the government :D
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | They had a huge office in Sao Paulo back then. For all I
             | know, it's bigger now. A good friend of mine spent so much
             | time in airplanes between Sao Paulo and Brasilia that his
             | skin was dry as a turtle's.
        
         | remarkEon wrote:
         | >It's much much better for America if tech companies hire
         | workers in the US, regardless of whether they are citizens.
         | Americans are eligible for those jobs, and that money stays
         | within our economy. Versus employing workers elsewhere, where
         | American's can't easily be hired, and those resources leave the
         | US.
         | 
         | I want to pick on this point, because it's the general refrain
         | about this topic. If there is some thing that American workers
         | can't do in an in-demand field, and the government sets up a
         | system to allow non-citizens to do those jobs, most people will
         | say that this "helps" America. But does it? If the education
         | pipeline is inadequately preparing Americans for being
         | competitive in this in-demand field then perhaps _that_ is the
         | problem that should be addressed. Right now it feels like we
         | have a (highly suspect)  "labor shortage" that is addressed via
         | immigration, which doesn't send a signal back to the
         | educational/training infrastructure that they're doing
         | something wrong.
        
           | chabons wrote:
           | I don't have statistics, but given the student visa -> H-1B
           | pipeline changes, it would seem there are a number of H-1B
           | holders who are educated in US colleges (either at the
           | undergrad or graduate level). This indicates that the problem
           | is not entirely a training gap.
        
           | hash872 wrote:
           | The US is only 4% of the world's population, so there's an
           | enormous number of extremely smart people who live outside
           | its present borders. I don't think anyone believes that even
           | the world's greatest educational system can bring all of its
           | students up to an extremely high level of general
           | intelligence. We should be letting very smart people born
           | outside the US emigrate here, which is a win-win for everyone
           | involved
        
             | remarkEon wrote:
             | Sure. But the government of the United States is,
             | allegedly, there for the benefit of its citizens. I'm not
             | really following where this "should" comes from. "Should"
             | in what volume? "Should" over what time frame?
        
               | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
               | If you don't think that having Linus Torvalds as a US
               | citizen tremendously benefits the US public as a whole,
               | enough to offset any imagined downsides of a great many
               | merely average immigrating tech workers, there's nothing
               | more to be said. And that's just him alone but he is
               | merely one example of many other famous examples.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | Linus works from home, he could do that from anywhere.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | Indeed.
               | 
               | The benefit to the US if he is a citizen is that then his
               | taxes flow to the US and if he's resident his local
               | spending flows to the US economy and that of any geo
               | immediate coworkers there for the face time.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | There is only one linus, and his personal economic impact
               | is trivial compared to that of the linux project.
        
               | tester756 wrote:
               | What would it give US if they had Linus as an citizen?
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | If you're gonna name famous people, there's already an
               | O-1 visa program for that.
               | 
               | https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-
               | states/temporary...
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | A national government functions as a labor union on a
               | national scale.
        
               | hash872 wrote:
               | Letting in a lot of smart people benefits the citizens of
               | the United States, that's why I said it's a win-win. Do
               | you think we'd be better off if we excluded Musk to hire
               | a native-born American instead in our aerospace industry?
               | 
               | Just going back in time, do you think the US would be
               | better off if we'd excluded Irish immigrants? Italians?
               | Germans? If blocking immigration somehow benefits native-
               | born citizens, you'd logically have to think our
               | population should have stayed the same as it was when we
               | broke away from Britain. We'd be about the size of say
               | Colombia, maybe with a bit higher GPD
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | > Do you think we'd be better off if we excluded Musk to
               | hire a native-born American instead in our aerospace
               | industry?
               | 
               | Given where he ended up, probably.
               | 
               | Cheap rockets are nice, but speed-running a complete
               | destruction of public trust, culture, and of any illusion
               | that the country is one with rule of law for the benefit
               | of a few insecure billionaire narcissists is a juice that
               | wasn't worth the squeeze.
        
               | mlindner wrote:
               | Elon Musk is in fact incredibly popular, even if he is
               | highly polarizing. His poll numbers are similar to Trumps
               | and Trump won the national election.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | Telling me that Musk is incredibly popular in Texas or
               | Alabama is like me telling you that Putin is incredibly
               | popular in Moscow. 'Strongmen' authoritarians peddling
               | revanchist fantasies that'll make their country great
               | again are often popular.
               | 
               | Just because something is popular doesn't mean it's a net
               | good.
               | 
               | The man himself is an insecure narcissist who can't let
               | any slight, real or imagined go unanswered. It would be
               | sad and funny if he didn't own a speech platform, or
               | hitch himself to an absolutely insane political movement.
        
               | remarkEon wrote:
               | The current immigration regime is still relatively _new_
               | , it is not as if it has existed for the entirety of the
               | existence of the United States. It's an artifact of the
               | late 20th century, and only just now accelerated in the
               | early 21st. That's barely a single generation. So, no, I
               | don't take it as a given that essentially limitless
               | immigration - even if loosely constrained on "high skill"
               | - is somehow axiomatically good for the United States.
        
               | hash872 wrote:
               | I'm a little confused. It's possible to be very pedantic
               | and say that the current immigration law only dates back
               | to the 60s, but the population of the United States is
               | 97.9% not from this continent. There was a wave of
               | British, Spanish, and French immigration in the 17th &
               | 18th centuries, followed by Germans, Italians, and Irish
               | in the 19th & 20th. In the 19th century the legal regime
               | about immigration was literally 'open borders', there
               | were hardly any legal controls at all. The vast vast
               | majority of us are the descendants of immigrants (my
               | apologies if you personally are 100% Native American,
               | didn't mean to lump you in)
        
               | remarkEon wrote:
               | I think you're the one being overly pedantic if you only
               | qualify 100% Native American as "American". This country
               | isn't just some economic zone that people come to and
               | from for the purposes of commercial or business activity.
               | If that's all it was, then a much more lax or liberal
               | immigration regime would make perfect sense.
               | 
               | >but the population of the United States is 97.9% not
               | from this continent.
               | 
               | This would be a surprise to the 85% of us who were
               | actually born here. In its most simplified form, what
               | those of us who are skeptical of the current immigration
               | regime are wondering out loud is if these processes _do_
               | actually make  "people born in America" better off.
               | "Immigration is always good" has been the mantra since,
               | as you speculate, the 1960s. Probably worth evaluating
               | that idea from first principles from time to time.
        
               | hash872 wrote:
               | But we're all descended from immigrants. Do you think it
               | was wrong when the British & Italian & Irish & German all
               | moved here en masse? Assuming no, what would be different
               | about the latest wave of immigrants?
        
               | remarkEon wrote:
               | I honestly view this point - that there were prior waves
               | of immigration from various European nations, and before
               | that concurrent waves of forced migration from Africa and
               | elsewhere (though this is left unsaid) - as a bit of a
               | non-sequitur, bordering on bait, largely because it
               | happened over a very long timescale into an essentially
               | empty nation. Suppose I answered in the negative (that I
               | don't think there was anything wrong with it). That
               | wouldn't change anything at all about the current debate.
               | It isn't some kind of gotcha, that if I don't have a
               | problem with British/Italian/Irish/German/French/whoever
               | coming during various migration waves it somehow neuters
               | any particular point about how _any_ immigration regime
               | should, in my view, be structured such that there are
               | clear and defined benefits to the people _already living
               | in the country_. Enumerated elsewhere in the thread, but
               | the H-1B system in particular is for the benefit of
               | _industry_ (POSIWID etc etc). Not people already here.
               | 
               | It is worth noting, though, that after the peak of
               | immigration in the late 19th century and ending in the
               | 1910s, the United States very intentionally shut off
               | immigration to allow time for assimilation to do its
               | work.
        
               | hash872 wrote:
               | I think the main point that I want to make is that
               | attracting all of the world's smartest people to our
               | country, and staying the world's superpower in technology
               | & science, does have extremely 'clear and defined
               | benefits to the people already living in the country'
        
               | remarkEon wrote:
               | The United States achieved its super power status during
               | the most restrictive phase of its immigration history,
               | but now we're getting somewhere. Things like Operation
               | Paperclip are clearly good ideas, and should be
               | replicated for e.g. Russian or Chinese scientists, as but
               | one example.
        
               | hash872 wrote:
               | Yes, one of my ideas that I've had for a couple of years
               | is that the US should impose the following sanction on
               | Russia for invading Ukraine- all Russian scientists &
               | engineers in a narrow range of critical industries
               | (nuclear weapons, armaments, missiles, etc.) and their
               | immediate families are now entitled to a Green Card. It'd
               | only be a few thousand people, so not enough for
               | immigration restrictionists to get upset about- but it'd
               | be absolutely devastating for Russia's technological
               | edge. In some ways it'd be worse than any financial
               | sanction, because your economy can always bounce back
               | later, but once you've lost cutting edge scientists the
               | knowledge loss is probably permanent. I think we should
               | do the same thing for Iranian nuclear scientists too
               | (albeit I understand there might be a bit more political
               | pushback on them)
        
               | remarkEon wrote:
               | Yeah I think there's probably two types of an Operation
               | Paperclip 2.0: the first for adversarial countries
               | (Russia, Iran, perhaps China if you squint hard enough
               | though that one isn't as easy), and the second for
               | something like "geopolitical benefactors" if that phrase
               | makes sense. Basically, using immigration as a tool to
               | leach top scientists and human capital from places like
               | Russia, and as an out for folks in places under direct
               | threat (Ukraine). Immigration policy as a geopolitical
               | tool is probably a much more fraught policy discussion
               | but at least it would be an honest one.
        
               | xpl wrote:
               | What is currently happening is the exact opposite.
               | 
               | There is a so-called "Technology Alert List" -- a list of
               | critical areas (nuclear, missiles, AI, etc.). If a person
               | has a background in one of these areas, they get an
               | automatic U.S. visa refusal during the interview.
               | 
               | Their visa application gets placed on indefinite hold
               | (the so-called "administrative processing"), which can
               | last for years even if it is eventually resolved.
               | 
               | Why? The U.S. government fears espionage. They worry that
               | someone with expertise in a critical field might
               | immigrate to the U.S., secure a job at a company with
               | access to sensitive, export-controlled technology, and
               | then leak that technology to Russia.
               | 
               | Even without espionage, such individuals could gain
               | valuable experience in critical areas and later emigrate
               | back to Russia -- a reverse "brain drain."
        
               | hash07e wrote:
               | By your logic humans are migrant therefore no borders for
               | all....
        
               | buescher wrote:
               | Not immigration - settlement. And not even exactly that
               | in the cases of the French and Spanish. Would you count
               | Hawaiians as 20th century immigrants?
        
               | cuteboy19 wrote:
               | if anything the previous regime was even more
               | unconstrained. add to that generous blanket amnesty etc
               | and today seems more gated than ever
        
               | christina97 wrote:
               | I mean the US thinks of its place in the world as much
               | more than the domestic insular affairs of its citizens.
               | If you look at it from that angle it's obvious that
               | vacuuming up smart people and becoming "more powerful"
               | intellectually is what the US clearly wants.
        
               | gorbachev wrote:
               | Allegedly...by and large the US Government operates,
               | however, for the benefit of corporations and rich folk
               | (with some exceptions). If they want to hire foreign
               | labor, the US Government is going to make it happen.
        
             | sebastianz wrote:
             | > which is a win-win for everyone involved
             | 
             | Well... not for _everyone_ involved. It 's definitely a
             | "lose" for the countries they are leaving from, that
             | educated them.
        
           | titanomachy wrote:
           | The median American is not smart enough to do complex
           | software engineering, just like they're not smart enough to
           | be a doctor or college professor. All cognitively demanding
           | jobs compete for the same (probably single-digit) percent of
           | the workforce. Better education could certainly prepare
           | _more_ people to do these jobs, but it 's not a given that
           | there are enough smart people in the domestic workforce to do
           | all the cognitively-demanding jobs.
           | 
           | If thousands of the smartest people from the rest of the
           | world want to move to the US and fill these gaps, doesn't
           | that make America better off overall?
        
             | remarkEon wrote:
             | >The median American is not smart enough to do complex
             | software engineering,
             | 
             | This point, assuming for a moment that it's actually true,
             | would matter if "complex software engineering" was all that
             | this was being used for. Complex for _whom_?
        
             | Cumpiler69 wrote:
             | _> The median American is not smart enough to do complex
             | software engineering_
             | 
             | How many jobs require complex SW engineering rather than
             | basic SW engineering?
        
             | kbolino wrote:
             | This is just brain-draining the rest of the world for the
             | short-term boosting of some myopic statistics. This isn't
             | going to improve the employability of median-intelligence
             | people, and in the long run, it's going to exacerbate the
             | same problem, but now globally.
        
           | upbeat_general wrote:
           | I think a lot of these comments don't properly capture the
           | benefit. The more skilled workers, the more
           | startups/companies, not to mention smarter people.
           | 
           | But the effect is bigger than that, by allowing skilled
           | immigration, it makes US universities and tech companies the
           | best in the world, at the very least seen as such, which has
           | tremendous larger effects.
           | 
           | It's not a coincidence that we have the largest tech
           | industry, and it's not because we magically have smarter
           | people.
        
             | tiznow wrote:
             | Try repeating this to a developer out of work right now.
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | Honestly, the US needs to (and used to) do both. We should
           | have a world-class public education system, and we should
           | aggressively get the best and the brightest people to move
           | here.
           | 
           | It seems unlikely we'll do either of those things moving
           | forward. At least China's investing in green tech, I guess.
        
         | BJones12 wrote:
         | > The per-country caps also seem like a throwback to the early
         | 1900's era immigration exclusion policies.
         | 
         | Canada does not have that and it is going very poorly. Lots of
         | people are calling for the implementation of the same policy.
        
           | aylmao wrote:
           | How is not having a per-country cap going poorly in Canada?
        
             | focom wrote:
             | Have you heard of Brampton?
        
               | aylmao wrote:
               | Nope, what's that
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | Brampton is a suburb of Toronto with a large Indian
               | immigrant population. This is leading to tensions
               | _within_ Brampton as different Indian political factions
               | attempt to influence Indian politics from
               | Canada[1][2][3].
               | 
               | [1] https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/canada-
               | khalistan-re...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca/national/party-
               | leaders-c...
               | 
               | [3] https://tnc.news/2024/11/04/arrests-brampton-surrey-
               | khalista...
        
               | WorkerBee28474 wrote:
               | Canada's center of bad driving, fraud, and temporary
               | worker abuse.
        
             | BJones12 wrote:
             | Because there are an overwhelming number of immigrants from
             | the same state (or two) in India.
        
               | aylmao wrote:
               | Is this bad due to the hypothetical loss of diversity?
               | ie, it'd be better if there were a mix of Indian,
               | Chinese, Brazilian, Mexican, etc immigrants, vs only
               | immigrants from a single state in India?
        
               | fourside wrote:
               | It'd be interesting to understand why immigrants to
               | Canada are disproportionately coming from a small number
               | of locations. Unless there's a good reason behind it I
               | think it's reasonable to find a better balance.
        
               | riskable wrote:
               | The reason why there's so many Indians is because THERE'S
               | SO MANY INDIANS! You don't need to be a rocket surgeon to
               | figure that one out =)
               | 
               | The "problem" with having _that_ many Indians isn 't that
               | they're not adapting to Canadian culture it's that
               | they're bringing along some of the bad things from India
               | like the caste system. It's not as bad as many other
               | cultural problems because it's strictly Indians causing
               | problems for other Indians but it's still a problem.
        
               | forgotoldacc wrote:
               | What happens in a lot of cases like this is nepotism and
               | lack of need, or even desire, to assimilate to the host
               | country. Things like this are _always_ dismissed the
               | first 20 years, but it _always_ leads to racial and
               | ethnic tensions as time passes. Saying  "ummm, like,
               | don't be racist" has never worked.
               | 
               | But when immigrants all come from one small region, they
               | tend to only hire people they know or are vetted by
               | someone they know, they only rent properties to people
               | they know or are vetted by people they know, they start
               | to see the locals of the country they're living in as
               | below them, and it just keeps spiraling out of control.
               | 
               | And notice that I specified no race. I specified no
               | country. I specified no religion or ethnic background.
               | It's simply a universal thing that happens in every
               | country. It always leads to far right swings when not
               | quickly addressed. If what I've said in any way comes
               | across as "racist", that's due to the reader inserting
               | their own racial biases and thus their own racism into
               | this statement, because I'm not in any way implying this
               | is confined to one group. It's something that's been a
               | problem for millennia and governments keep making the
               | same mistakes.
        
               | throwawaythekey wrote:
               | > But when immigrants all come from one small region,
               | they tend to only hire people they know or are vetted by
               | someone they know, they only rent properties to people
               | they know or are vetted by people they know, they start
               | to see the locals of the country they're living in as
               | below them, and it just keeps spiraling out of control.
               | 
               | This happens with some races more than others. When you
               | import Indians you are importing caste thinking.
        
           | i18nsoftware wrote:
           | How would have the same policy had any effect in Canada?
           | Country caps in the US don't change anything about who can
           | enter the country, they only affect who gets permanent
           | residency.
        
         | Hilift wrote:
         | > leave the country to renew paperwork is an insane anachronism
         | 
         | Not really. This is really Customs and Border
         | Patrol/Immigration way of saying, you can always do the
         | default/what everyone else does. You can leave and return six
         | months of the year. The key is leave (which they do), they are
         | already declared non-immigrant, and are self-sufficient.
        
           | outworlder wrote:
           | Not sure what you are talking about. This is about H-1B, aka
           | dual-intent visas. You can have immigrant intent.
           | 
           | Also, if you leave for six months, how are you even working
           | in the US? Which is the point of the visa.
        
         | cute_boi wrote:
         | The per-country caps is very important. Otherwise, you will see
         | flood of same people which makes everything biased.
        
           | xtreme wrote:
           | It's a policy based on unsound reasoning. Why is India
           | treated as a monolith when it is more diverse than the EU in
           | terms of linguistic and cultural diversity? If tomorrow India
           | magically broke off into 30 separate states, all the same
           | people who have been waiting for decades would be immediately
           | eligible for green cards. How does it make any sense?
        
             | bdangubic wrote:
             | H1B program is also diversity program, much like green card
             | lottery...
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Diversity based on country of origin doesn't make much
               | sense, though.
        
             | cute_boi wrote:
             | You might be right, but if u see the real situation Indian
             | manager prefers Indian worker mostly. And it is mostly 2-3
             | states, not every states.
        
         | a13n wrote:
         | To some extent this is what Section 174 is about.
         | 
         | If you hire US-based engineers working on R&D (most software
         | engineers) then you amortize their pay over 5 years. Foreign-
         | based engineers working on R&D get amortized over 15 years.
         | 
         | You get to expense 3x as much for domestic engineers compared
         | to foreign engineers. This means you need to pay more taxes
         | upfront for having a foreign R&D team, which is bad for
         | cashflow. Your company could be losing money (unprofitable) but
         | still owe corp income taxes because of Section 174.
         | 
         | If the gov charged "tariffs" on foreign labor or services
         | provided, especially for certain countries that labor is
         | typically outsourced to, or certain types of labor/services
         | (e.g. support, engineering, etc), that'd probably be an
         | effective way to discourage offshoring.
        
         | mlindner wrote:
         | Per-country caps remains an absolutely good idea. The goal of
         | immigrants should be to integrate into the society they are
         | joining. Without per country caps you can start creating
         | strange enclaves and you get some of the issues Canada is
         | having.
        
           | i18nsoftware wrote:
           | Having people who have been living in the country for
           | decades, but have the threat of leaving anytime they get
           | fired from job or due to visa issues doesn't encourage them
           | to "integrate into the society they are joining".
           | 
           | If anything, the way the country caps work in the US right
           | now make integration harder, because no matter how much they
           | try to integrate and be part of the local community, they
           | could be kicked out at any time. That just encourages people
           | to have one foot out the door at all times.
        
           | alienallys wrote:
           | India has roughly twice the population of Europe and is just
           | as diverse. Treating India as a single, homogeneous entity
           | because it's one country overlooks its vast cultural,
           | linguistic, and demographic diversity--comparable to that of
           | Europe. If diversity justifies country caps, it doesn't apply
           | to India. Clinging to such policies seems outdated.
           | 
           | If India were divided into smaller countries like Europe, the
           | same South Asian population, culture, and diversity would
           | persist, but the artificial constraints tied to the name
           | "India" would disappear.
        
             | tiznow wrote:
             | I believe this is part of the problem/perception -- Indian
             | immigration via policies like H-1B and whatever Canada does
             | disproportionately offers people from a handful of Indian
             | states (and the highest castes) the chance to be North
             | American tech workers. Even if you say "well, the Indian
             | tech industry is centered on a few states" it in essence is
             | the same problem or perceived problem.
             | 
             | Specific to North America, most people actually like the
             | idea of someone coming from halfway around the world to try
             | to be a citizen of their nation. They do not exactly like
             | the idea of being "carpetbagged" or being "flooded with
             | people who do not integrate" and those perceptions exist
             | not wholly out of imagination.
        
               | bubblethink wrote:
               | >They do not exactly like the idea of being
               | "carpetbagged" or being "flooded with people who do not
               | integrate" and those perceptions exist not wholly out of
               | imagination.
               | 
               | They do exist wholly out of imagination in this case. You
               | are professing your opinion and stating it as fact. As
               | far as actual immigration statistics go, Indians are a
               | tiny minority, disproportionately successful on wage,
               | crime, and education metrics, and most importantly,
               | legal.
               | 
               | >offers people from a handful of Indian states (and the
               | highest castes).
               | 
               | I really do not get what caste has to do with anything.
               | Which states ? What is the mechanism that favors people
               | from these states or castes ? The legal immigration
               | pathways to the US/Canada are either education or work,
               | and neither of them has any preference for state, caste,
               | etc.
        
         | maeil wrote:
         | > Re: the concerns over "immigrants taking our jobs!". As a
         | native-born American working in a large tech company today -
         | the threat is very clearly not from H1B's and other visas. The
         | threat to American tech jobs is when US tech companies choose
         | to build out offices in lower cost of living countries (and I'm
         | very much including Europe in that, I think that's even a
         | bigger problem).
         | 
         | > It's much much better for America if tech companies hire
         | workers in the US, regardless of whether they are citizens.
         | Americans are eligible for those jobs, and that money stays
         | within our economy. Versus employing workers elsewhere, where
         | American's can't easily be hired, and those resources leave the
         | US.
         | 
         | Makes me wonder how many people gladly support this while at
         | the same time clamoring against the EU's DMA and other
         | regulations and fines it imposes on SV companies.
         | 
         | What you're saying is of course absolutely true! I like how
         | plainly you've stated it, because the directness makes clear to
         | people just _how awful_ of a deal it is for the EU and other
         | countries where US tech companies make enormous profits without
         | hiring any significant number of locals.
         | 
         | I've lived in both the EU which suffers from the above, as well
         | as a place where protectionism and barriers helped strongly
         | restrain US tech and "artificially" give opportunity to local
         | players. The latter has worked out so much better for every
         | party involved except US tech.
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | Per county caps are good protection for your culture.
         | 
         | Canada suffered because a lack of caps.
         | 
         | It leads to a concentration that can be overwhelming.
        
       | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
       | A supposed shortage of qualified US applicants for tech jobs,
       | especially software developers, doesn't jibe with the huge
       | numbers of US developers currently looking for work, including
       | highly experienced older workers suffering from age
       | discrimination.
       | 
       | I'd be surprised if more than 5-10% of H-1B positions are ones
       | where the hiring company has even looked for US applicants.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | There is a shortage of applicants willing to work at what
         | companies want to pay. If it is taking more than 30-60 days for
         | workers to find a role, there are enough workers domestically.
        
           | PittleyDunkin wrote:
           | > There is a shortage of applicants willing to work at what
           | companies want to pay.
           | 
           | That and companies are just hilariously bad at finding
           | workers they _want_ to hire for nebulous reasons. I have no
           | doubt even if my company hired 95% of the workers it had
           | marked down as  "no hire" they'd be able to squeeze a
           | salary's of value worth out of each of them (well, if
           | management is competent, which it tends to not be). I'm sure
           | those of us who've been around long enough can all attest to
           | some side of seeing form of this dysfunction. I'm more than
           | happy to reject them for selfish reasons, of course, like "I
           | don't want this person on my team" or "this person seems like
           | an asshole" or "I don't want to teach this person their third
           | language after java and typescript". Etc.
           | 
           | I mean there are _terrible_ interview candidates out there,
           | but the people who literally can 't code at all tend to be
           | easy to filter out.
           | 
           | I'm curious if there's any way to observe the salary margins
           | that separate the top of the labor market from the bottom.
           | Surely there are. That would probably give a big signal as to
           | how much undue attention is given to, e.g., Senior vs Junior
           | developers and American workers vs H1Bs. I'd put money that
           | some of this complaining about lack of labor is actually not
           | wanting to hire fresh grads and eat the cost of training when
           | they'd be just fine. (Also the H1B thing, but that's already
           | discussed to death)
        
             | throwaway7783 wrote:
             | Okay, I have interviewed hundreds of people in the last
             | decade, and I can tell you that _most_ are not good enough.
             | There are companies that are downright abusing H1B for wage
             | suppression, but as a startup founder, I will try my
             | hardest to avoid hiring people who I have to squeeze their
             | salary 's worth and still get mediocre results (nothing to
             | do with citizen or not - I had this experience with a
             | Canadian contractor - just not worth it).
             | 
             | I have been successful in liberating money from VCs and
             | create jobs, and I want the best people _that money_ can
             | buy. Turns out, there are great American and non-american
             | candidates who are willing to work for the money I can
             | offer. Also in my experience, I hardly even get resumes
             | from Americans for backend jobs. Frontend is different and
             | I get a LOT of American resumes. Our frontend engineering,
             | PS, CX, Sales and Marketing is all-american, and backend is
             | a mix of american, greencard, H1b - because thats all I get
             | in the resume pipeline.
             | 
             | If I have to cut costs, I will have to cut the team in US
             | and _move_ the jobs to a low cost region regardless of
             | their citizenship status.
        
               | dowager_dan99 wrote:
               | >> If I have to cut costs, I will have to cut the team in
               | US and move the jobs to a low cost region regardless of
               | their citizenship status.
               | 
               | Read that sentence again. If you're hiring an American
               | team in the Us, and cutting in the US, it's not
               | regardless of citizenship - unless you're abusing the
               | H-1B program
        
               | lubujackson wrote:
               | "Not good enough" or not good enough to pass your leet
               | code gauntlet that has nothing to do with the day-to-day
               | role?
               | 
               | Because those aren't the same thing. Also don't discount
               | interview stress - I read that psychologically the most
               | difficult thing to do is be on stage in front of people
               | and do complex math problems... which is basically what
               | live coding tests are.
        
               | afavour wrote:
               | I hate leet code gauntlets too but I don't see what it
               | has to do with hiring immigrant workers. No matter your
               | status you are equally vulnerable to failing a code
               | gauntlet test.
        
               | mgkimsal wrote:
               | Math problems usually have one right/wrong answer. Many
               | interview 'challenges' have multiple ways of doing
               | something correctly. Without necessarily knowing any more
               | about the context of a problem beyond a few sentences,
               | you work with what you've been given. You can deliver a
               | working solution but if it's not the way they were
               | expecting... you're out of the running.
        
               | fijiaarone wrote:
               | You really haven't done much math, have you. Even 2+2 can
               | be solved multiple ways.
        
               | throwaway7783 wrote:
               | I hate leet code and it's ilk, and I don't want anyone to
               | go through that useless stuff. But I believe a good
               | engineer can suss out another good engineer in a
               | conversation or two. At least that has been my experience
               | with people I have hired and people those people have
               | hired.
               | 
               | When you hire anyone, there is always _some_ bar of
               | "good enough". It is different for different orgs and
               | even people, but it is there. Otherwise you'd end up
               | hiring the first candidate you encounter, no?
        
               | _DeadFred_ wrote:
               | I wonder what your investors would think if they found
               | out you can't manage and need to 'hope you find suitable
               | talent' and that you are incapable of growing it?
        
               | seneca wrote:
               | > I wonder what your investors would think if they found
               | out you can't manage and need to 'hope you find suitable
               | talent' and that you are incapable of growing it?
               | 
               | Not hiring mediocre talent is a key part of management.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Every company talks about finding talent. VCs are very
               | familiar with this because many startups don't have
               | familiarity with this stuff. It's not surprising to have
               | a VC help hire for roles the startup is unfamiliar with
               | hiring for. An investor is not someone's boss. Once
               | they've handed over the capital, they're very invested in
               | making sure that there aren't any blockers to the
               | company's success.
        
               | throwaway7783 wrote:
               | They know how I work, because I'm on the board and
               | constantly update them. I built this company from slides
               | to 5M ARR in 4 years. Granted, I have made hiring
               | mistakes - good engineer, bad attitude that affected the
               | team, good engineer not bought into what we do, one or
               | two mediocre engineers that I couldn't suss out. But I've
               | rectified them and have found good engineers in
               | reasonable time.
               | 
               | Unfortunately you have to take my word for it. Not sure
               | how you assumed I cannot manage with no context.
        
               | PittleyDunkin wrote:
               | > Okay, I have interviewed hundreds of people in the last
               | decade, and I can tell you that most are not good enough.
               | 
               | Me, too. I straight-up disagree; I think interviewing is
               | just so broken it gives a false impression of quality
               | issues in the labor pool. Realistically if you have a
               | handful of core skills you can ramp up to basically any
               | problem with enough time. That's time on the order of
               | _months_ , maybe, not _years_. Companies just don 't want
               | to bother training anyone anymore. Why bother when you
               | can just complain endlessly and hope some politicians
               | throw cheap labor your way? In that sense you're
               | absolutely right, but the whole "quality" thing is
               | completely unrelated.
               | 
               | > I have been successful in liberating money from VCs and
               | create jobs, and I want the best people that money can
               | buy.
               | 
               | I think people seriously overestimate the difference
               | engineer quality makes. Most products can be built with
               | mediocre talent. I'm sorry, that's the truth. We all love
               | to have strong opinions on who we should hire and I say
               | "almost anyone, just throw meat at the problem". Most
               | problems are solved with time and not cleverness.
               | 
               | Startups are definitely more sensitive to quality, but
               | startups don't make up much of the labor pool, and they
               | don't pay competitively with much larger companies that
               | _don 't_ need the quality.
               | 
               | I'm being a little hyperbolic here--you do need people
               | with experience and ability to see red flags to lead the
               | flock--but not by much.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | This is the truth that peoples egos can't seem to handle.
        
               | UncleOxidant wrote:
               | Add in that in the search for the _perfect_ candidate
               | that has all 16 bullet point requirements you 'll come
               | across folks who have, say, a solid 13 of them, but
               | they'll get passed over waiting for the perfect candidate
               | to come around. Which can take many months... years even.
               | In the meantime you could have been bringing up one of
               | those 13-point candidates getting them up to speed on
               | those 3 missing bullet points. And you'd likely have
               | gotten to a desired level of productivity faster than by
               | waiting for that perfect candidate while wringing your
               | hands that there just aren't enough qualified people out
               | there.
        
               | throwaway7783 wrote:
               | I don't think anyone is saying wait for the perfect
               | candidate. No one is perfect and no one checks all the
               | boxes. That would be a fool's errand. But most good
               | engineers can differentiate between a good (not
               | superstar) engineer and a mediocre/bad engineer in a
               | couple of conversations. I really have not seen anyone
               | optimize for a mediocre candidate, nor for a superstar.
               | Superstars come by with luck or with tons of incentives
               | (money, stock, tech or whatever is their itch).
        
               | UncleOxidant wrote:
               | I've often seen this happen. A few years back I applied
               | for a job at a startup where I checked a lot of the
               | boxes, but not all, but some of the boxes I checked were
               | difficult to come by - never heard anything back. Six
               | months passed and I was contacted by them, would I be
               | interested in interviewing? I was and I ended up getting
               | the job. Later when I asked about the position being open
               | for so long I was told by one of the people involved that
               | there were folks who were waiting for the perfect
               | candidate to come along and finally, after many months,
               | they were convinced that the perfect candidate probably
               | didn't exist. So yeah, there's at least one instance of
               | it where I know for sure that's what was going on and
               | I've seen others where I'll watch a job listing keep
               | appearing for several months.
        
               | throwaway7783 wrote:
               | So they learned their lesson and hopefully don't make the
               | same mistake again. We are in anecdote land now (both
               | yours and mine), I don't know what's more common.
               | Behavior like that (waiting for long for perfect
               | candidate) can cripple or kill businesses
        
               | Aperocky wrote:
               | > Most problems are solved with time and not cleverness.
               | 
               | Yes, because given time someone clever would have came in
               | and fixed it.
               | 
               | It's like doing push up in the elevator and believing
               | that arriving at the 100th floor is due to doing push
               | ups.
               | 
               | The GE, IBM, Intel, Boeing are few examples that didn't
               | believe in quality - and not just people apparently, and
               | their problems aren't getting solved with time.
        
               | PittleyDunkin wrote:
               | Eh, I just don't see it. GE and IBM and Boeing are
               | solving the problems they want to solve. Management
               | dysfunction can't be blamed on low-quality workers.
               | Anyway, I'm a little reluctant to draw the parallel with
               | Boeing because I simply don't know what kind of work goes
               | into that sort of engineering. Maybe cleverness is a big
               | part!
               | 
               | > Yes, because given time someone clever would have came
               | in and fixed it.
               | 
               | I can't emphasize enough how much software engineers
               | overestimate the value of their own cleverness. Bugs are
               | fixed with persistence, in my experience--I've used
               | "cleverness" to find only a handful of bugs across my
               | entire nearly two-decade career. I don't want to say I'm
               | "the best engineer on the team" or anything like that,
               | but I dependably fix the bugs that are put on my plate
               | regardless of how frustrating they are to crack,
               | regardless of what tools I need to bust out to get the
               | job done. Debuggers, printf, valgrind, core dumps, packet
               | captures, profilers, repls, disassembly, whatever's
               | necessary. But all of these take _persistence_ to reach
               | for and use to crack the case. Experience is a short cut,
               | but that 's a very different thing than cleverness, and
               | you very directly pay for that experience.
               | 
               | Not to mention if I see "cleverness" in a code review
               | you're gonna bet I'm gonna comment and ask you to make it
               | less clever unless that cleverness seems to neatly solve
               | a problem. Even then, commenting is absolutely critical.
               | 
               | Time, not cleverness, is the key.
               | 
               | Hell, the joke used to be that being a software engineer
               | is 80% googling. Now that barrier's been lowered even
               | further with chatbots: you can literally ask it to find
               | the bug, explain behavior, _fix the bug_ , etc. It
               | doesn't take _much_ competence to correct the output. All
               | it takes is not giving up when you see problems.
        
               | Aperocky wrote:
               | Well everything you've written suggest to me that you're
               | clever, or maybe that shouldn't be the word, but
               | somewhere between smart and wise.
               | 
               | And a lot of people aren't that.
        
               | r00fus wrote:
               | Your examples didn't fail due to quality - they failed
               | due to horrible management practices and worshipping at
               | the altar of the MBA philosophy.
        
               | meiraleal wrote:
               | They definitely failed due to quality - problems caused
               | by their horrible highly-paid managers and directors.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | I worked at GE. A lot of thier software dealing with the
               | transportation industry back then wasn't technically
               | complicated. There were just a lot of business rules and
               | regulations they had to check for.
               | 
               | My vertical was railroad car repairs
               | 
               | https://public.railinc.com/sites/default/files/documents/
               | CRB...
               | 
               | Most developers aren't doing "hard things". Not even at
               | BigTech
        
               | throwaway7783 wrote:
               | It's not at all about doing hard things. It's simply the
               | number of things to be done and how they interact with
               | each other. You are absolutely right that these are
               | technically not hard problems, but they're still hard
               | design problems that keep changing very frequently
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | I am confused why you included GE. Do you think their
               | aerospace products (jet engines and such) or medical
               | products (MRI machines) are low quality? They are pretty
               | much top three globally in those areas, and very
               | innovative. And how about the Boeing 787? What issues do
               | you have with that?
        
               | coredog64 wrote:
               | GE was the granddaddy of the financial engineering
               | shenanigans that have hit the others in the list. If
               | we're looking for a simple villain, it's "Chainsaw" Jack
               | Welch.
        
               | devnullbrain wrote:
               | >I think interviewing is just so broken it gives a false
               | impression of quality issues in the labor pool.
               | 
               | I've been in a team where hiring requirements have
               | emerged through the filter of HR almost unrecognisable.
               | Naturally, they're still objective requirements, so
               | qualified candidates are filtered out before ever meeting
               | someone who could judge if they're qualified. It gets
               | noticed, but nothing happens. Of course it doesn't:
               | you're stepping on important toes.
               | 
               | That's how it tends to work. Candidates are filtered out
               | by non-technical staff, including openly using programs
               | that filter out CVs missing keywords. In smaller
               | companies, this even gets farmed out to third-party
               | recruiters that have poorly aligned incentives.
               | 
               | How can we know if candidates are qualified? We never see
               | most of them.
               | 
               | It's hard to imagine many things worse for productivity
               | than bad hiring processes. But it's all just accepted.
        
               | dml2135 wrote:
               | Screw the company -- sure, maybe they can build a product
               | with mediocre talent. But I don't want to work with
               | mediocre devs, because they make my life harder.
               | 
               | I'd much rather wait for someone I want to work with,
               | than hire the first person that is "good enough".
        
               | srj wrote:
               | > I think people seriously overestimate the difference
               | engineer quality makes. Most products can be built with
               | mediocre talent. I'm sorry, that's the truth. We all love
               | to have strong opinions on who we should hire and I say
               | "almost anyone, just throw meat at the problem". Most
               | problems are solved with time and not cleverness.
               | 
               | I'm surprised that your experience here is so different
               | from mine. The best engineers I've had are capable of
               | things that the average to below average ones could
               | likely have never achieved, even with an order of
               | magnitude more time.
               | 
               | I don't think it comes down to cleverness as it does
               | inventiveness. There are dots that great engineers can
               | connect that often nobody else could spot. They also need
               | less process, and a large number of people with all of
               | the coordination overhead does not linearly scale.
        
               | throwaway7783 wrote:
               | Most products can be built with mediocre talent. But no
               | one actively goes after mediocre talent. And yes,
               | startups are more sensitive to this, I really had to let
               | go mediocre people because it affects everything.
               | Throwing meat at the problem for long enough time really
               | screws up the product. Even at a very large company that
               | I worked for, innovation ground to halt after a decade of
               | this thinking, because systems that started simple
               | enough, got complex over time in part because of market
               | and primarily because of mediocrity. Adding things became
               | a nightmare, because we threw meat at problems for a long
               | time.
               | 
               | Maybe what you say has worked for your situations, but it
               | really never worked for me over my experience, and it
               | just was a downward spiral _over time_ every single time.
        
               | mlinhares wrote:
               | If workers are mediocre, management needs to be top notch
               | to deliver great products.
               | 
               | If management is mediocre, workers need to be top notch
               | to deliver great products.
               | 
               | The odds you'll land at a place that have both are
               | vanishingly low. It also takes a lot of work, money and
               | interest to turn a big ball of mud around and no one gets
               | a prize for that, people get a prize for churning out
               | features and bugfixes, so this is what you get, specially
               | because most large scale rewrite projects are utter and
               | complete failures.
        
               | throwaway7783 wrote:
               | Each can compensate for the other only to an extent. We
               | don't need top notch, we need good. Most large scale
               | projects may fail, but we ended up assembling good people
               | for all the rewrites. Five of the six projects were
               | successful (in production with objectively better
               | metrics). One failed due to underestimating the
               | operational complexity of a piece of technology.
        
               | fijiaarone wrote:
               | You're right, most people are not good enough, and the
               | H1-Bs are worse.
        
               | throwaway7783 wrote:
               | That is a sweeping statement. They (or should I say "We")
               | are no worse than anybody else. If your point is that
               | "worse" people should not come in to the country on H1B
               | because H1b is meant for "better" people, I will probably
               | agree.
        
               | snozolli wrote:
               | _most are not good enough_
               | 
               | What is the basis for your claim? Unless you've followed
               | up with those you rejected in order to gauge their
               | performance on comparable tasks, you're just talking
               | about confirmation bias.
               | 
               | I've never heard of anyone actually producing objective
               | measurements of hiring practices vs. actual worker
               | performance. I've just heard a hundred different versions
               | of confirmation bias. Maybe Google has some useful data.
               | I know that they dropped GPA requirements when they
               | looked at data and found that it had no impact on job
               | performance...
        
             | dunkelheit wrote:
             | > That and companies are just hilariously bad at finding
             | workers they want to hire for nebulous reasons. I have no
             | doubt even if my company hired 95% of the workers it had
             | marked down as "no hire" they'd be able to squeeze a
             | salary's of value worth out of each of them (well, if
             | management is competent, which it tends to not be).
             | 
             | Isn't it ironic that a comment making fun of companies for
             | not hiring workers who can barely contribute above their
             | salary's value, in the very same sentence blames management
             | for incompetence. Well, guess what, managers are hired
             | workers too, so if you apply the same principle to them,
             | this is what you get.
             | 
             | What you suggest makes sense from the "homo economicus"
             | point of view, but the result will be a barely functional
             | hellhole riddled with incompetence (at least this is what
             | it will feel like from within.) Can we blame people for
             | being "selfish" and not wanting to work in this kind of
             | environment?
        
               | PittleyDunkin wrote:
               | > Well, guess what, managers are hired workers too,
               | 
               | I didn't comment on hiring "managers", did I?
               | 
               | > Can we blame people for being "selfish" and not wanting
               | to work in this kind of environment?
               | 
               | I did cop to this behavior, right? I do agree. It makes
               | my life easier rejecting candidates. I'm just saying this
               | complaining over lack of quality talent seems like the
               | corporate equivalent of feigned helplessness rather than
               | an actual problem.
        
           | thatfrenchguy wrote:
           | There's a shortage of applicants with the skills that
           | companies need. Engineers, like most qualified workforce,
           | aren't interchangeable.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | This is not what the data shows [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. Also,
             | the efforts of many US firms recently to grow their India
             | and LATAM presence [6] demonstrates this is for cost
             | reasons, not a lack of qualified workforce. Companies will
             | hire contractors from IT outsourcers and similar to launder
             | the labor cost cramdown operation. IT unemployment is ~6%
             | [7], why are we issuing any H1Bs beyond exceptional, highly
             | compensated talent (~$300k-$500k/year and up)?
             | 
             | [1] https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2024-cognizant-h1b-v
             | isas-... | https://archive.today/jaXNo
             | 
             | [2] https://www.epi.org/publication/new-evidence-
             | widespread-wage...
             | 
             | [3] https://cis.org/North/Unlikely-Sources-Confirm-Wage-
             | Suppress...
             | 
             | [4] http://www.sciencemag.org/careers/2015/05/economists-h-
             | 1b-vi...
             | 
             | [5] https://gspp.berkeley.edu/assets/uploads/research/pdf/h
             | 1b.pd...
             | 
             | [6] https://stig.net/latam-outsourcing-destination-us-
             | companies/
             | 
             | [7] https://www.wsj.com/articles/it-unemployment-
             | hits-6-amid-ove...
        
               | throwaway7783 wrote:
               | I mean, If I have an India or LATAM presence, why would I
               | hire in the US at all, even H1Bs? Unemployment rates mean
               | nothing if its a skills job. Eng #1 is not the same as
               | Eng #2. You can see this plainly in interviews. Our hit
               | rate for engineering is roughly 1 in 20 - purely based on
               | the skill match. So 6-7% unemployment might as well mean
               | they are not good enough?
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Indeed, it's why policy will be an important component,
               | just as tariffs can be used to stoke domestic production
               | (to bring outsourcing costs to domestic cost parity).
               | I.R.C. SS174 touches on this with an amortization delta
               | between US and non-US based development and R&D cost
               | accounting, for example.
               | 
               | https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en-us/posts/tax-and-
               | accountin...
               | 
               | > Beginning in 2022, all costs related to R&D must now be
               | amortized over five years for US-based companies or 15
               | years for non-US companies.
               | 
               | With regards to "not good enough", maybe expectations (as
               | a hiring manager or org) are unrealistic? Very
               | subjective, so I find this topic to be difficult to argue
               | effectively. I am not unsympathetic to the fact that
               | hiring is hard, but the evidence of bad faith behavior at
               | scale is undeniable and requires accounting for. If we're
               | going to live in a socioeconomic system where people are
               | forced to work to survive and there are little, if any,
               | social safety nets, domestic employment must take
               | priority over potential profits and economic gains of
               | owners and similar controlling interests arbitraging
               | labor cross border (or importing cheap labor) imho. As a
               | founder/business owner, I can appreciate you're
               | optimizing within your local minima.
        
               | throwaway7783 wrote:
               | It is indeed subjective. But since I have hired both good
               | american and non-american engineers consistently over
               | long periods, I tend to think it is not unrealistic.
               | 
               | I completely agree large scale abuse of the program must
               | be stopped. No country can afford to have large influx of
               | new population that hinder their own(however "own" is
               | defined in a country) progress. Borders are a thing (for
               | better or worse) and invoke extreme emotions within
               | society, and that must be accommodated and not ignored. I
               | say this as an H1B employee and I see this play out a lot
               | more radically in my home country
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Even if you have an India/LATAM presence, the higher end
               | of workers from those countries are still mostly
               | migrating to other countries for higher salaries. So you
               | still need H1Bs because you aren't getting that person in
               | their home country.
               | 
               | Up the skill tree, companies often really get what they
               | pay for, so the saving on offshore work is that they were
               | overpaying for some lower skilled tasks, but not the
               | higher skilled tasks (it's a world market for top
               | talent).
        
               | throwaway7783 wrote:
               | Not really. Countries like India are very large
               | (population-wise) and have a very thriving domestic
               | technology scene with a LOT of good talent. Not all of
               | them want to migrate to other countries just for money.
               | For the CoL in India, they are very well paid.
        
           | dingnuts wrote:
           | > There is a shortage of applicants willing to work at what
           | companies want to pay
           | 
           | Translation: companies would rather have underpaid immigrants
           | as indentured servants to exploit than Americans who can
           | demand higher wages
        
             | rtpg wrote:
             | A problem solved if visas are not associated to employers,
             | because then an employer couldn't hold onto the employee
             | like this.
        
               | TechDebtDevin wrote:
               | No. Because it still floods the job market with off short
               | talent that is willing to work for 30% less. Construction
               | workers arent tied to a single employer (usually) and
               | that drops the price of labour across the board even in
               | union dominated markets.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | The simple solution is for the government to put a tax on
               | the visa. For each H1-B the company does, they pay the
               | government an additional $200,000 per year (or some other
               | large, arbitrary sum). If they really need them that
               | badly, they'll pay up. What I think happens is that they
               | discover they don't need them quite so much.
        
               | mgkimsal wrote:
               | Tariffs on visas?
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | Great idea
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | It's one of the dumbest ideas I've ever heard on this
               | site frankly. For how "meritocratic" HN claims to be,
               | they are totally fine with basically eliminating all
               | competition in their own job sphere.
               | 
               | Imagine how quickly business trust in the government
               | would go down if the government mandated a $200k head tax
               | on H1Bs. It's absurd and only here would anyone hear it
               | and think it makes sense
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | Why is this post so heavily downvoted? Oh wait, I guess
               | this really hit a nerve:                   > For how
               | "meritocratic" HN claims to be, they are totally fine
               | with basically eliminating all competition in their own
               | job sphere.
        
               | throwawayq3423 wrote:
               | There is always someone willing to do your job for less.
               | Protection against that isn't anti-meritocratic, it's
               | anti-exploitation.
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | H1Bs at a lot of companies (excluding the actual
               | criminals TCS, Wipro, etc.) are not always willing to do
               | your job for less. Many of them make more than most US
               | devs.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | Many make what you would consider laughable wages. I
               | worked for a university in their IS department years ago,
               | and since the university had an office that dealt with
               | visas, they'd bring in people for what was truly a
               | mediocre job. Salary probably $45-50k back in the
               | mid-2010s.
               | 
               | But since HN is San Francisco-centric, it can pretend
               | otherwise I guess. Some very tiny fraction earn above
               | what US developers earn.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | Most people are self interested.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | Having to compete with people in the third world who have
               | no expectations isn't meritocracy. My dad grew up in a
               | literal village and I remember sleeping under mosquito
               | nets. Americans shouldn't have to put up with the things
               | I'm willing to put up with.
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | You don't have to compete with people with no
               | expectations. You have to compete with people who: often
               | have an advanced degree (much more common for H1Bs than
               | citizen devs), often have financial resources at home
               | backing their ability to move up to a more expensive
               | economy for work without security of a job, and are often
               | just as good if not better than you.
               | 
               | H1Bs are often scapegoated by these forums as being
               | hungry to not live in poverty, but they are often the top
               | of their respective countries by most metrics.
               | 
               | And most of you all do not think that we should level the
               | playing field between, say people who went to good
               | schools vs people who went to bad ones, or people who can
               | barely code vs people who can code really well. Only when
               | it's foreigners do you not want meritocracy
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | It's not comparable. Both my parents have advanced
               | degrees back in old country. But the standard of living
               | for someone in the top 5% back home is comparable to
               | someone in public housing in the US. If people's
               | alternatives back home were so good they wouldn't abandon
               | all their family--my family was never from anywhere
               | besides Bangladesh going back thousands of years--to come
               | to the U.S.
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | You ignored all of my comment. The point is, people here
               | want to eliminate more educated, more likely to have
               | financial backing candidates for their jobs. But they
               | would bristle at the suggestion of any such thing for
               | business success, college admissions, academic awards of
               | any kind, etc.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | People want competition on a level playing field. Most
               | people also don't think it's fair for American companies
               | to have to compete with Chinese ones that don't have to
               | abide by environmental protection or worker protection
               | laws. The same is true for having to compete with foreign
               | workers.
               | 
               | The country I'm from just had rioters overthrow its
               | government. In terms of what I'm willing to put up with
               | at work or school, I just have a mindset and motivations
               | that native born Americans shouldn't have to compete
               | with.
               | 
               | You can't build a more just, fair society by filling it
               | with foreigners who perceive the minimum standard as
               | being so much lower because of their background.
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | > In terms of what I'm willing to put up with at work or
               | school, I just have a mindset and motivations that native
               | born Americans shouldn't have to compete with.
               | 
               | Yeah, sorry. I actually believe in meritocracy unlike
               | whiny HN'ers. Whatever mindset is best should win. That's
               | how business is. That's how academics are. That's how
               | every serious global endeavor is.
               | 
               | > You can't build a more just, fair society...
               | 
               | If that's all you're optimizing for, just have communism.
               | Easy path to what you want. If you actually want people
               | to earn according to merit, to succeed according to
               | making big bets that pay off, or any of those cruel,
               | unequal things, then don't have a huge blind spot when it
               | comes to only your job and no one else's.
        
               | aylmao wrote:
               | I mean, I can think of a lot of things businesses could
               | greatly benefit and grow from, but would have to do
               | without if it came with $200,000/yr price tag.
               | 
               | IMO this is not about wether a business can do without X.
               | Most businesses can do without a lot of things, just more
               | poorly. IMO this is about finding the right balance
               | between the benefits and drawbacks of hiring foreign
               | specialized workers.
        
               | mixmastamyk wrote:
               | Ranked by salary is an alternative I've heard.
        
               | aylmao wrote:
               | A lot of things "flood the job market". In 2021, >104k
               | degrees CIS degrees were awarded by US colleges [1].
               | There's a flood of young people entering the market every
               | year, and they're willing to work for >30% less than
               | experienced engineers because it's their first proper
               | job.
               | 
               | IMO as with all things money, it's all about negotiation.
               | Of course a lot of negotiating power simply has to do
               | with the market supply/demand, but a whole lot has to do
               | with policy and rules. Giving more negotiating power to
               | H1Bs would definitely put upwards pressure on salaries.
               | 
               | Re: construction workers. Same problem, worker's rights.
               | A lot of construction workers are undocumented: an
               | estimated 20 percent [2][3]. Undocumented immigrants have
               | virtually no negotiating power. Allowing this solid 1/5th
               | of the workforce to confront their employer without fear
               | of deportation would go a long way increasing
               | compensation for the industry as a whole.
               | 
               | [1]: https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_
               | 322.10.a...
               | 
               | [3]: https://limos.engin.umich.edu/deitabase/2024/05/28/u
               | ndocumen...
        
               | greentxt wrote:
               | "Allowing this solid 1/5th of the workforce to confront
               | their employer without fear of deportation would go a
               | long way increasing compensation for the industry as a
               | whole."
               | 
               | It is strange to read this all typed out in earnest like
               | that. Housing costs triple over night for the win? We'll
               | all be homeless but those of us in construction will get
               | a boost (or decreased competition from low cost imported
               | labor).
        
               | rtpg wrote:
               | Yeah it's fair to say that if suddenly a huge influx of
               | people show up causing downwards pressure on wages then
               | that can happen. Though I feel like construction work is
               | a place where there is legitimately more limits to how
               | many people who are willing to work in that industry
               | (even if you paid me double a SWE salary, I'm not working
               | in scaffolding all day) locally.
               | 
               | I do think that if you don't tie the visa to the
               | employer, then it's _less interesting_ for an employer to
               | recruit people from abroad. Especially for companies
               | whose entire business model is "get cheaper IT labor,
               | locked into mandatory service, in exchange for being an
               | entryway to the country".
               | 
               | Like if you despise those shops, then you really should
               | be lobbying to get rid of the employer lock-in.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | First, GP wrote:                   > A problem solved if
               | visas are not associated to employers, because then an
               | employer couldn't hold onto the employee like this.
               | 
               | Then you wrote:                   > No. Because it still
               | floods the job market with off short talent that is
               | willing to work for 30% less.
               | 
               | In many highly developed countries in the world, visas
               | are not associated with an employer. We don't see people
               | clamouring to post about it on HN. Why? Because the
               | number of visas offered to skilled migrants is relatively
               | limited.
               | 
               | Second, you wrote:                   > Construction
               | workers arent tied to a single employer (usually) and
               | that drops the price of labour across the board even in
               | union dominated markets.
               | 
               | How can you be sure that this is true? Do you have a
               | "natural" experiment where two similar areas in the US
               | have construction workers where area A has workers tied
               | to a single employers and area B not? Else, how can you
               | say this with such confidence?
        
               | TechDebtDevin wrote:
               | Source: I managed projects bigger than you can imagine as
               | a very young person. I traveled between the United
               | States, China, the Middle East and the Caribbean.You have
               | to take my word for it, as I can't and wont dox myself. I
               | might as well have a PhD on this subject. I don't care if
               | you believe me or not, but what I say is true.
        
           | yodsanklai wrote:
           | > There is a shortage of applicants willing to work at what
           | companies want to pay
           | 
           | If you want the best candidates, it makes sense to have a
           | wider pool of recruitment.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | They're not hiring "the best". They want compliant serfs
             | who are trapped with the promise of a greencard sponsorship
             | someday.
        
           | amykhar wrote:
           | That is absolutely what these kinds of Visas are NOT supposed
           | to be addressing.
        
           | thephyber wrote:
           | > If it is taking more than 30-60 days for workers to find a
           | role, there are enough workers domestically.
           | 
           | This makes no sense, even if I agree with your first
           | statement.
           | 
           | Not every company is willing to completely retrain a worker
           | for something outside of their core competency. Lots of
           | candidates simply aren't competent, or even reliable
           | employees. Lots of companies would rather a position go
           | unfilled than make a bad hire that is very expensive to fix.
        
             | throwaway2037 wrote:
             | > outside of their core competency
             | 
             | I don't mean to point a finger at you, but this term is
             | basically a weasel term at this point... because the "core
             | competency" grows as large as necessary for these companies
             | to complain that they cannot find qualified candidates. In
             | truth, they are not willing to train people missing some
             | skills at the fringe. The original post from someone who
             | works on satellite tech (surely dual-purpose to create
             | killer robots, or whatever) decided to throw into the "core
             | competency" mix that good/solid linear algebra was
             | required. What a farce. I am sure that less than 1% of
             | their work requires it. You can just have one PhD on the
             | wider team that writes all that codes... well, sketches it
             | out, then everyone else integrates it or refines it.
        
               | thephyber wrote:
               | Your entire comment could have been "that phrase is
               | subjective".
               | 
               | Every company makes lots of subjective decisions during
               | hiring, I agree.
        
           | dmayle wrote:
           | This is why H1-B visas should have a minimum salary
           | requirement equal to 20% over whichever is greater, median
           | salary for the role in the industry, or median salary for the
           | role in the company (and whichever is greater, US-wide, or
           | local pay scale).
           | 
           | This way, a company is always incentivized to find local
           | talent, but when they are actually unable to, they have a
           | path to find the expertise they need. The U.S. could relax
           | restrictions on H1-B, lowering red tape, and removing a lot
           | of churn that comes with the H1-B program
        
             | aprilthird2021 wrote:
             | In general, H1B visas do have such provisions. At least in
             | CA most jobs must provide a salary range. Even if every H1B
             | is the lowest of the range in those postings, that alone
             | means there are many many jobs which fit your criteria.
        
               | janalsncm wrote:
               | The ranges are way too low then. I checked H1B salaries
               | and I found the following in San Jose (median rent approx
               | $2200 for 1BR):
               | 
               | FLEXON TECHNOLOGIES INC Database analyst: $60k
               | 
               | DATA TRACE INFORMATION SERVICES LLC Software engineer:
               | $65k
               | 
               | PRIMARIUS TECHNOLOGIES US LLC DATA ANALYST $72k
               | 
               | ZOOM VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS INC AI SCIENTIST $74k
               | 
               | HBI SOLUTIONS INC DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR $75k
               | 
               | BEACONFIRE STAFFING SOLUTIONS INC COMPUTER SYSTEMS
               | ENGINEER $88k
               | 
               | https://h1bdata.info/index.php?em=&job=&city=san+jose&yea
               | r=2...
               | 
               | Sort by salary ascending and you will see what I mean.
               | 
               | These are blatant violations. We know how much software
               | engineers should make. Do the immigrants know they are
               | moving to one of the most expensive cities in the US?
        
               | sciencesama wrote:
               | Taking advantage of the system !!
        
               | mlinhares wrote:
               | The good ones do and use this as a way to get through the
               | door.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | Someone should put together a package for the new
               | administration with advertisements to target for H1B
               | violations. I'm sure Stephen Miller would want to see it.
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | Almost all H1Bs have already been in the US for years on
               | their student visas, so of course they know COL and where
               | they are moving to.
               | 
               | Those you are posting look like they could be violations.
               | But if you just visit your link, you quickly see that
               | most jobs are in line with median salaries in the bay
               | area.
               | 
               | For example:
               | 
               | https://www.indeed.com/career/software-
               | engineer/salaries/San...
               | 
               | And then:
               | 
               | https://h1bdata.info/index.php?em=zoom+video+communicatio
               | ns+...
               | 
               | Those are pretty close to the median in aggregate.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | _> Those are pretty close to the median in aggregate._
               | 
               | Pretty close to the median?
               | 
               | Aren't these H1-B visas supposed to be for _specialists_?
               | To bring in the _best and brightest_?
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | Compared to average workers, software engineers are
               | specialists. H1B holders are often brighter than their
               | citizen counterparts by at least one objective measure:
               | advanced degrees holding. It's very hard to find US
               | citizens with advanced degrees who can code well and
               | understand computer science.
        
               | pzh wrote:
               | Not all H1B holders have advanced degrees, and the reason
               | some of them do is because that's one of the immigration
               | pathways --- pay for a 1-2-year Master's degree so you
               | get a better chance of landing an H1B after you graduate.
               | Most citizens don't go for advanced degree because
               | there's no utility in them, and not because they aren't
               | smart.
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | I know this. But it is a measurable differentiator in
               | qualification that H1Bs are way more likely to have than
               | citizens. Many young men don't see the utility in college
               | compared to women in the the US, but employers do.
        
             | brandonmenc wrote:
             | > This is why H1-B visas should have a minimum salary
             | requirement equal to 20% over [median]
             | 
             | The requirement should be _at least_ 2x top of band.
             | 
             | A mere 1.2x of the median is absolutely absurd.
        
               | m00x wrote:
               | That's ridiculous. 20% is already enough from top of
               | band.
        
             | dzhiurgis wrote:
             | And how you going to enforce this?
        
               | randcraw wrote:
               | Require employers of each H1-B to submit (along with the
               | hire's w-4 that they send to Uncle Sam that already
               | includes the job's wages and benefits), the position
               | description in the job ad, the candidate's resume, and
               | the matching wage band the job purportedly falls into and
               | exceeds by 20% (or whatever the required margin is). It
               | should be trivial to automate the validation process.
               | Then do random checks to confirm those purported facts,
               | especially of employers who hire large numbers of H1-Bs
               | and have past violations.
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | Random audits, like the IRS does.
        
         | Spivak wrote:
         | I feel like this whole issue could be solved short order if we
         | agreed that not being able to find qualified applicants _at a
         | given fixed price_ does not a shortage make.
         | 
         | It's the same with the "fast food shortage," I bet the shortage
         | would dry up real fast at $50/hr so all we're really doing is
         | haggling over price. If in order to hire a H1-B at a salary of
         | x you had to offer US workers 2x with say a $100k floor on x
         | then I bet Americans would show up.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | On a market with free pricing there _are_ , pretty much by
           | definition, no shortages or surpluses.
           | 
           | Instead prices go up or down until supply and demand meet.
           | 
           | So talking about "shortages" in this context doesn't really
           | make sense to me. Yet that's the terminology in this field,
           | and the resulting confusion is unavoidable.
        
             | jltsiren wrote:
             | A shortage is a situation, where the market cannot bring
             | high prices down by increasing the supply. For example, if
             | software engineers earn more than equally demanding roles
             | in other engineering fields and the situation persists long
             | enough, there is a shortage of software engineers.
        
               | lastiteration wrote:
               | Who decides if the price is high or low? That should be
               | the market. High salaries -> more people decide to pursue
               | it as a career -> more competition -> lower salaries.
               | They are trying to force salaries down quicker
        
             | cherryteastain wrote:
             | > On a market with free pricing there are, pretty much by
             | definition, no shortages or surpluses.
             | 
             | Remember the "chip shortage" all throughout the pandemic?
             | It's not like the whole world switched to a Soviet style
             | command economy between 2020 and 2022 yet we still had it.
        
               | whaleofatw2022 wrote:
               | "Free market" folks tend to ignore the ladder-pulls and
               | existing regulations that make it a non-free market.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | That's an interesting case!
               | 
               | ChatGPT mentions some factors for why suppliers didn't
               | just raise prices until the demand met the supply:
               | 
               | 1. The industry often has long term contracts that fixes
               | prices months or years in advance.
               | 
               | 2. Even without such contracts, the value of stable,
               | long-term relationships with major customers made
               | suppliers keep prices stable.
               | 
               | 3. Governments intervened to prevent "price gouging" for
               | favored industries, and even without such intervention,
               | perceived price gouging can be more damaging long term
               | than is made up for by near term profits.
               | 
               | So you're right that there was a real shortage for a
               | time.
               | 
               | But note my original caveat: "On a market with free
               | pricing". Unfree pricing (contracts/regulation) was one
               | factor.
               | 
               | But PR considerations, which I admit I didn't think of,
               | was also a factor. So I learned something here!
        
               | JSteph22 wrote:
               | This example proves OP's point. It was only a "shortage"
               | in name.
               | 
               | If you were willing to pay more than the market rate,
               | there was no problem in finding chips.
        
           | eru wrote:
           | > I feel like this whole issue could be solved short order if
           | we agreed that not being able to find qualified applicants at
           | a given fixed price does not a shortage make.
           | 
           | It could be solved by realising that letting immigrants in,
           | especially highly skilled ones, is good for the country (and
           | for the immigrants!), independent of anything like a 'skills
           | shortage'.
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | So then call the H1-B program what it is - a way for US tech
           | companies to depress wages to the point that you can't afford
           | to live the US, unless it's a bunch of H-1B holders living
           | together in a house share.
           | 
           | The same goes for offshoring for jobs. Lovely for
           | shareholders and the CEO's bonus, but not so great for US
           | residents having to compete with them who are paying US cost
           | of living, not Indian/etc overseas cost of living.
           | 
           | It'd be nice if the US government would pass laws benefiting
           | its own citizens/residents rather than corporations.
        
             | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
             | It's racist to prefer citizens over non-citizens though.
             | The US government should pass laws benefiting all people of
             | the world equally.
        
               | gmueckl wrote:
               | It's nationalist, not racist. Passports and border
               | controls are the practical foundation of all nationalism.
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | Huh? There are US citizens of all sorts of ethnic/racial
               | backgrounds.
               | 
               | Preferring US citizens over outsourcing is patriotic, not
               | racist. It's also being a good corporate citizen -
               | supporting the country/people you are gaining your
               | profits from.
        
               | nirav72 wrote:
               | not sure if your comment was an attempt at sarcasm and I
               | just missed it. In case it wasn't - it's not racist for
               | country to look after its own economic interest or the
               | interest of its own citizens.
        
               | mianos wrote:
               | Governments exist to take care of their own citizens--
               | that's their main job. Citizens pay taxes, follow the
               | laws, and contribute to the country, so it makes sense
               | for a government to prioritize their needs. That's not
               | racist; it's just how countries work.
               | 
               | If a government tried to treat everyone in the world the
               | same, it wouldn't be able to meet the needs of its own
               | people. Things like healthcare, schools, and public
               | services are paid for by citizens, so they have to come
               | first.
               | 
               | Also, preferring citizens isn't about race. Citizenship
               | is something anyone can earn, no matter where they're
               | from. Calling it racist mixes up two very different
               | things.
               | 
               | It's hard not to break the rules in replying to something
               | like this.
        
               | ulfw wrote:
               | > Governments exist to take care of their own citizens--
               | that's their main job. Citizens pay taxes, follow the
               | laws, and contribute to the country, so it makes sense
               | for a government to prioritize their needs. That's not
               | racist; it's just how countries work.
               | 
               | Are you trying to tell us immigrants to the US do not pay
               | taxes? They don't follow laws? And they don't contribute
               | to the country?
        
               | mianos wrote:
               | Obviously, given the context, I am not trying to say
               | immigrants don't pay taxes or follow the law. I am saying
               | the the job of a government is to look after its own. If
               | you have some better term for "its own people" go for it.
               | 
               | I'd also say, immigrants are only temporary non-citizens.
               | If they are immigrating to stay, then it's the
               | government's job to take care of them. Countries like the
               | US and Australia were founded on immigrants.
               | 
               | If their loyalty is not to the country they are
               | immigrating to, and is to their previous country's
               | government, I am not sure why it would be a priority to
               | support them.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | I'm not being sarcastic this time. You seem to have
               | missed the zeitgeist, especially among younger
               | generations. For them, it's very much true that the
               | government shouldn't look out for the interests of its
               | citizens over the interests of people in general, and
               | they do think it's racist if the government does this.
               | It's impossible to explain to them the very simple game
               | theory implications of such policy, and it's difficult to
               | argue that the government isn't already doing it (in the
               | United States, in other countries it's impossible to
               | argue that).
               | 
               | >If their loyalty is not to the country they are
               | immigrating to
               | 
               | This goes against human nature. Loyalty would come later,
               | not before or even immediately.
        
             | closeparen wrote:
             | House sharing is a problem with the numbers of people that
             | FAANG wants to employ in West Coast communities that aren't
             | having it, not with their identities. When people making
             | $300-500k can't have their own houses, the problem is not
             | money.
        
             | m00x wrote:
             | If the H1B is paid $400k, is it really depressing salaries?
             | It's more about having employees that are 10-15% better
             | than the competition if you can, which makes you much more
             | likely to beat them.
        
               | jimbohn wrote:
               | Yes, even at 400k it's still salary depression. The whole
               | thing is, essentially, regulatory capture that is being
               | used to do a sort of "arbitrage" over people. Big
               | corporations in the West are cannibalizing society
               | because governments are failing at defending the
               | interests of the majority due to the lobbying power of a
               | minority. Mind you I am not talking about an uprising or
               | some bullshit like that, but, for example, the situation
               | around medical service/insurance in the US is appalling.
        
         | strongpigeon wrote:
         | Good news: the USCIS makes this data available! [0]
         | 
         | Google, Microsoft and Meta definitely look for (and hire!) US
         | applicants. One can reasonably have a gripe with the consulting
         | companies on there (Infosys, Tata, Cognizant, etc.) but they
         | don't represent 90-95% of H-1B issued.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-and-
         | studies/h-1b-employe...
        
           | pnw wrote:
           | One might have more than just a gripe with Infosys given they
           | recently admitted to defrauding the visa system over decades
           | and paid a record $34m fine. How many Americans lost out on
           | jobs as a result? We'll never know.
           | 
           | https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/indian-corporation-pays-
           | re...
        
             | strongpigeon wrote:
             | It's worth saying though that this fine is for lying and
             | abusing the B-1 visas (to circumvent H-1b limitations).
             | That being said I still believe there are a lot of issues
             | with these companies regarding their H-1bs in the first
             | place.
        
           | guiomie wrote:
           | Actually, looking at your link, Google, Meta, Apple, Amazon
           | are all in the top 10... on the link you shared, am I missing
           | something?
        
             | strongpigeon wrote:
             | My point was that those companies are indeed in the top 10,
             | and those companies also look at and hire US applicants.
             | This was in response to the commenter's point that they'd
             | be surprised if 5-10% of H1Bs listing even considered US
             | applicants.
        
           | philosopher123 wrote:
           | If you filter out Information only ( which i am being
           | conservative because this does not include healthcare and
           | other sectors ) that is about 20K high paying IT Jobs. This
           | def smells funny that they cannot find "quality" candidates
           | in US that can build APIs and do FE work. Maybe out of that
           | 20K workers, 500 might be actually be doing something special
           | but rest are doing the work that does not need any
           | specialization.
        
           | darth_avocado wrote:
           | Not sure if this is only fresh visas or includes visa
           | renewals. Because of the country caps in the naturalization
           | process, you have people from some countries have to renew
           | visas again and again while they wait for naturalization.
           | Given that H1b is only 3 years, for companies like Google and
           | Facebook, you could have a situation where they are just
           | trying to retain employees who have been with the company for
           | a while.
        
             | strongpigeon wrote:
             | You can only renew an H-1b once (as there is a 6 years
             | limit for H-1b). However, if you have an approved I-140
             | with a priority date in the future (as is often the case
             | with people from India or China) you can keep on extending
             | your H-1b (which doesn't count against the cap).
        
               | darth_avocado wrote:
               | Yes, which is why I was checking whether the data
               | includes the renewals (including for approved I140s).
        
             | angott wrote:
             | Yes, the data does include petitions filed for renewals:
             | 
             | > The H-1B Employer Data Hub has data on the first
             | decisions USCIS makes on petitions for initial *and
             | continuing* employment
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | H-1B abuse is a real problem but not by Big Tech. The
           | offenders are the bodyshops like Tata and Infosys.
           | 
           | The bodyshops flood USCIS with Indian-born applicants because
           | they don't really care who gets approved and who doesn't.
           | Those that get approved get a US job. The system is designed
           | to stop employers abusing the power this gives them over
           | employees. They fail in a number of ways.
           | 
           | First, part of the process is a Prevailing Wage Determination
           | to make sure the employee isn't underpaid for that job in
           | that geographical area. There is abuse here at the bodyshops
           | where (IIRC) employees are paid less or not at all if they
           | aren't currently farmed out to a third-party. This should be
           | policed but I don't think it is, at least not effectively.
           | 
           | Second, the real abuse comes from the H1B -> Green card
           | pipeline. H1B visas don't have per-country quotas. Green
           | cards do (max 7% per country as determined by the country you
           | were born in, not your actual citizenship). Because so many
           | H1B holders are Indian-born, the backlog for Green cards for
           | Indian-born applicants is decades long.
           | 
           | Now you can stay with an employer beyond your 6 years (the
           | usual limit of 3+3 for H1B visas) if you have a pending PERM
           | application. The employee can't really leave. If they do they
           | have to file their whole PERM case again (but they retain
           | their priority date at least) so this becomes like indentured
           | servitude almost.
           | 
           | Nobody has really addressed this H1B abuse nor dealt with the
           | huge backlog. A few years ago there was a bill that sought to
           | address some of the issues by essentially removing the per-
           | country quota but the net effect would be that for many
           | years, nobody but Indian-born applicants would get green
           | cards (because they have earlier priority dates). And that
           | bill died in Congress.
           | 
           | But back to Big Tech: they abuse this system too but not so
           | egregiously.
           | 
           | If you wander around any Big Tech office you will find likely
           | a cork board in some obscure corner of some floor with little
           | traffic. It will have a bunch of job postings on it. If you
           | look in the physical newspaper for your area, you will also
           | find them.
           | 
           | Why are these here? To "prove" that the employer could not
           | find a US permanent resident or citizen to fill that
           | particular position. You have to advertize that position
           | through a number of channels and those channels are chosen to
           | receive the fewest applicants because who in 2024 applies for
           | a SWE job from a physical newspaper? If you do apply, there
           | is a whole process to exclude you from the position. You'll
           | be too qualified or under-qualified or your salary
           | expectations won't match the advertisement. Or they'll find
           | some other reason to strike you.
           | 
           | All of this theater is so someone else's PERM application
           | with USCIS can go through.
           | 
           | To me this is also abuse.
        
             | ec109685 wrote:
             | > If you do apply, there is a whole process to exclude you
             | from the position. You'll be too qualified or under-
             | qualified or your salary expectations won't match the
             | advertisement. Or they'll find some other reason to strike
             | you.
             | 
             | Why would companies want to do that? Big tech has wage
             | scales and pretty rigorous processes to ensure even pay at
             | level, so what is the incentive to be biased against US
             | born employees there?
        
               | mwigdahl wrote:
               | For one, because an H-1B holder is legally bound to the
               | hiring company and can't seek work elsewhere. It is much
               | higher level of employer leverage, particularly in a hot
               | market.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | I've managed a team at one of the big tech companies for
               | a bunch of years. I've managed a couple people on h1b,
               | all with graduate degrees from premier US institutions.
               | 
               | Never once have I heard anything even resembling "work
               | your h1bs harder because they won't leave." They all
               | joined on the same pay scale as legal permanent residents
               | and were all evaluated through a process where nobody
               | else in the room knew who was a legal permanent resident
               | or not (I only knew because I needed to sign off on forms
               | describing their job responsibilities to the government).
               | 
               | At most this is some aggregate effect of "people changing
               | employers less is good for employers generally."
               | 
               | This doesn't really vibe as _abuse_ of the program to me.
               | I 'd vastly prefer it if the policies gave people on h1bs
               | significantly more confidence in changing roles and more
               | time to find a new job should they lose their job, but is
               | this really a decision of the tech companies rather than
               | an output of the immigration policies?
        
               | jmyeet wrote:
               | So for Big Tech it's never as egregious as "work your
               | H1Bs harder" or "pay them less". That just opens you up
               | to a future lawsuit.
               | 
               | In a hot market, your best chance of career progression
               | and maximizing your compensation is to swap jobs every 2
               | years or so. Visa holders have a much harder time doing
               | this.
               | 
               | Additionally, there are additional burdens on the
               | employer to hire visa holders. For a large company, this
               | process is solved. You have lawyers on retainer. You have
               | a pipeline for the paperwork. It's a non-issue. But an
               | early stage startup? That's a lot less likely. So visa
               | holders are, by definition, more limited in their job
               | opportunities.
               | 
               | Even if you can job hop, if your ultimate goal is to get
               | a green card, you have a problem. Will your new employer
               | sponsor your green card? How long will it take? Or are
               | you better off waiting for your current process to go
               | through? Best case, this whole thing takes just under a
               | year. But it can take years completely randomly and
               | there's nothing you can do about it (eg you get randomly
               | audited).
               | 
               | And if you were born in one of the four high-demand
               | countries (India, China, Mexico, the Phillipines) you
               | have an even longer wait.
               | 
               | Also, after you get to 6 years on your H1B you really
               | can't swap jobs anymore. You just have to wait for your
               | green card at that point.
               | 
               | Now that's not _strictly_ true. There are self-sponsor
               | options for both visas and green cards but the bar for
               | these is much higher and you 'll need to hire your own
               | lawyer for this.
               | 
               | So there's no directive on treating visa holders
               | differently but bias creeps into the process. Why push
               | someone for higher bonuses, more RSUs or promotions when
               | they can't leave but another one of your "stars" can
               | leave? This may not be conscious either. And it may
               | happen on a level above you, as a manager, because your
               | director is ultimately responsible for balancing out
               | ratings and promotions across their org.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | > Why push someone for higher bonuses, more RSUs or
               | promotions when they can't leave but another one of your
               | "stars" can leave?
               | 
               | This would have to be _extremely_ unconscious for me, I
               | suppose. I 've never considered immigration status when
               | doing comp planning. Comp planning is mostly algorithmic
               | based on performance reviews, which again are done
               | through a group of people who don't actually know
               | somebody's immigration status. Discretionary comp pretty
               | much entirely comes from rewarding people who are in the
               | high end of some ratings bucket, which again is derived
               | from the panel discussion. I've also managed to promote
               | all of the h1bs I've had on my team.
               | 
               | > And it may happen on a level above you, as a manager,
               | because your director is ultimately responsible for
               | balancing out ratings and promotions across their org.
               | 
               | I've actually been pretty fortunate here (I guess) and
               | have never had a rating adjusted by a higher up. I
               | suppose this _could_ happen, but I 've also been in the
               | rollup meetings where a director is trying to fit ratings
               | to some expected distribution and there'd have to have
               | been a secret meeting ahead of time for immigration
               | status to come up.
               | 
               | > In a hot market, your best chance of career progression
               | and maximizing your compensation is to swap jobs every 2
               | years or so. Visa holders have a much harder time doing
               | this.
               | 
               | This is true. People on h1bs being less able to change
               | roles can depress their wages over time and this can be a
               | benefit to corporations. I don't know if I'd really call
               | this "abuse" by the companies, more like a shitty outcome
               | of the policy. It could be the case that the big tech
               | companies lobby to make it more difficult for people on
               | h1bs to change jobs, I suppose.
        
               | coredog64 wrote:
               | I would expect to see the thumbs on the scale at the
               | director level, not at the direct report level. At those
               | heights, employees are costs to be managed, and they
               | shave a little off here and there to keep their budget
               | low.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | I guess you could expect this.
               | 
               | I've never seen anything that smelled of this even a
               | little bit.
        
               | angott wrote:
               | > an H-1B holder is legally bound to the hiring company
               | and can't seek work elsewhere
               | 
               | That's not really the case. An H-1B visa holder is not
               | strictly bound to their employer, and is allowed to
               | transfer to a new employer. Unlike visas such as the L-1,
               | which are employer-tied, the H-1B allows for this
               | flexibility. Transferring does require the new employer
               | to file a new H-1B petition, but that process is
               | straightforward and any big tech company will gladly
               | complete that as part of the hiring process.
               | 
               | The main exception arises only when the H-1B holder has
               | just started pursuing a green card. The first step of the
               | green card process, known as PERM, typically takes 1-2
               | years to complete. During this time, the worker may feel
               | more committed to their current employer because
               | switching jobs would restart the PERM process,
               | potentially delaying their green card timeline.
        
           | ta_1138 wrote:
           | A non-trivial part of the issue with consulting companies is
           | the long wait for many to turn an H-1B into a green card. If
           | you are going to need many years of continuous employment
           | without ever getting hit by a layoff (which risks a gap in
           | employment), the immigrant might be better of with the
           | consulting company, as they might end up the bench, or just
           | count as employed but not getting any hours.
           | 
           | If the road from H-1B to permanent residency was shorter and
           | more reliable, the advantages of the consulting companies
           | would shrink.
           | 
           | The same as if we didn't end up having to rely on lotteries.
           | Hiring a candidate and hoping for an H-1B is quite annoying
           | if you don't have them on staff in another country, or they
           | are working for you in the US from an F-1. Those consulting
           | companies that have large offices in India can happily submit
           | large amounts of applications of people they already have in
           | India, and be OK with 2/3rds of them not winning said
           | lottery. A smaller company just can't play that numbers' game
        
           | VirusNewbie wrote:
           | I have also met teams at FAANG where a foreign born boss's
           | team is 90% or more H1-Bs from their origin country. Kind of
           | suspicious.
        
         | aylmao wrote:
         | I wonder if this shortage has to do with the recent strong
         | swing back to in-office work
        
           | warkdarrior wrote:
           | Well, what is a company supposed to do if local candidates do
           | not want RTO? It seems logical to hire workers who are OK
           | with RTO, especially if they are outside of the country and
           | clearly willing to relocate for RTO.
        
             | ziddoap wrote:
             | > _Well, what is a company supposed to do if local
             | candidates do not want RTO?_
             | 
             | Well one option, of course, would be not forcing staff to
             | return to office.
        
               | simoncion wrote:
               | Perhaps while also noticing both the record profits made
               | over the past four years, as well as the fact that many
               | of those working from their home office have had nothing
               | but glowing performance reviews over those past four
               | years...
        
             | tokioyoyo wrote:
             | It just takes the negotiation power from the employees
             | though. The question is, whether it's more important to
             | make the employees happy or the businesses. Both have valid
             | cases.
        
         | eru wrote:
         | Talking about a shortage of local applicants is really
         | irrelevant and at most a distraction.
         | 
         | It's the old 'the foreigners are taking our jobs' routine.
        
           | liontwist wrote:
           | So is it true or false?
        
             | eru wrote:
             | The number of people in the labour force has change quite a
             | lot over the centuries, and the number of people gainfully
             | employed has tracked that quite closely. Ie unemployment
             | has been relatively low and stable. (Despite eg women
             | joining the labour force en mass over the course of the
             | 20th century, or all the baby boomers, etc.)
             | 
             | That suggest the null hypothesis that to a first
             | approximation the number of jobs is determined by the
             | number of workers available. More workers seem to somehow
             | lead to more jobs. (Immigration changes the number of
             | workers, yes. But that's about it.)
        
               | liontwist wrote:
               | what about the particulars?
               | 
               | What kinds of jobs are growing? Are any groups
               | underemployed? Are standards of living increasing? For
               | who?
               | 
               | > More workers seem to somehow lead to more jobs.
               | 
               | Imagine the US merged with Canada and Mexico. The number
               | of jobs would probably go up until we reached a similar
               | level of unemployment. Would everyone be better off? Is
               | that what economic growth looks like?
        
         | semiquaver wrote:
         | > I'd be surprised if more than 5-10% of H-1B positions are
         | ones where the hiring company has even looked for US
         | applicants.
         | 
         | But H1B employers are required to certify that they took good
         | faith steps to recruit U.S. workers for these positions and
         | were unable to find qualified candidates to hire.
         | 
         | You really think a business would do that? Just go to the
         | government and tell lies?
        
           | pnw wrote:
           | Yes, some of them have been doing it for decades.
           | 
           | https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/indian-corporation-pays-
           | re...
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | Yes - it seems this is routinely done for H-1B positions. You
           | meet the requirement for having advertised the job by running
           | an ad for 1 day in the back of the fisherman's chronicle. You
           | tailor the job description so closely to the H-1B candidate
           | you've already decided to hire, that it'd be easy to defend
           | why you rejected other candidates (should they inconvenience
           | you by seeing the ad and applying).
        
             | throwaway173460 wrote:
             | When you get a chance please look up the difference between
             | H-1B and PERM.
        
             | angott wrote:
             | There are no newspaper ads involved in the H-1B program.
             | There is a separate process (LCA) to ensure the H-1B worker
             | is paid the prevailing wage in the location where they're
             | hired. It relies on the Department of Labor making such
             | determination.
             | 
             | Newspaper ad is required for PERM, which is part of the
             | green card process.
        
           | vetrom wrote:
           | "Good faith" by the letter of the law is often established by
           | chichanery like posting job ads with nebulous requirements in
           | _print_ newspapers, requiring mail in resumes, and
           | slowrolling a process.
           | 
           | Not lies, strictly, but I see plenty of evidence pointing to
           | the 'fake job' phonemena that seems to be discounted, like
           | this example: https://www.teamblind.com/post/Intuit-firing-
           | up-ads-in-local...
           | 
           | Filtering out real information from data and anecdata is a
           | challenge at the best of times, but I am ill convinced of the
           | honesty of most of the recruitment market.
        
         | bdangubic wrote:
         | there is limited number of H1B visas that are issued each year
         | (as if I have to even say this)... so they won't make a dent if
         | you are correct with "the huge numbers of US developers
         | currently looking for work."
         | 
         | we abolish the program and boom, 65k people out of this
         | apparently HUGE number of US developers looking for work won't
         | make a dent... so this argument holds absolutely no water ...
        
           | _DeadFred_ wrote:
           | ...other than... you know... the entire point of the H1B visa
           | program... is to get talent the US DOESN'T already have ...
        
             | bdangubic wrote:
             | I am not arguing the merits/purpose of the program. just
             | the silly that this program is affecting US population tech
             | (un)employment
        
             | Aperocky wrote:
             | Well, if there aren't such programs people like Elon or
             | Satya and Pichai might have never started out. You look at
             | them as being successful and exceptional today (regardless
             | of some of the more questionable antics and decisions),
             | when they just started, it's hard to argue that you can't
             | find similar, exceptional talent in the US.
             | 
             | But if you shut off that valve, they would not be here 25
             | years later.
        
               | slaw wrote:
               | Elon, Satya and Pichai didn't arrive on H1B visa.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Interestingly, Staya Nadella did use the H1B program, in
               | an unconventional way.
               | 
               | https://finance.yahoo.com/news/microsoft-ceo-satya-
               | nadella-o...
        
         | ashconnor wrote:
         | As a non-immigrant to the United States, I don't really buy
         | into the idea that companies prefer H1B candidates purely for
         | financial reasons. The H1B process is frankly a rigid,
         | unreliable and time-consuming process.
         | 
         | It's hard for even Canadians and Mexicans to find jobs in the
         | US and we have access to the supposedly easy to obtain TN visa.
         | Australians too with E3.
         | 
         | I'm more inclined to believe that H1B workers have other
         | benefits to employers such as longer tenure due to the
         | restrictions of moving jobs.
         | 
         | Which in itself should be an argument for further
         | liberalization say by giving I140 approved petitioners access
         | to EADs.
        
           | lupusreal wrote:
           | > _I 'm more inclined to believe that H1B workers have other
           | benefits to employers such as longer tenure due to the
           | restrictions of moving jobs._
           | 
           | That _is_ a financial motive. Companies don 't want to pay
           | the kind of compensation which would induce employees to be
           | loyal to the company, and so they use H1B quasi-indentured
           | servitude as a cheaper alternative.
        
             | gmueckl wrote:
             | It doesn't quite work that way. H-1B employees need to have
             | above average compensation or their field. This is part of
             | the application process.
        
               | simoncion wrote:
               | > H-1B employees need to have above average compensation
               | or their field.
               | 
               | In the past decade or so, I have personally worked with
               | an H-1B in the SF Bay Area who was working a full-time
               | software position advertised as requiring a Master's
               | degree, but was making something like $120k/year.
               | 
               | "Must be making above the median pay for the position"
               | might be the way it's SUPPOSED to work, but it's clear
               | that it doesn't ALWAYS work that way.
        
               | Jcampuzano2 wrote:
               | Does that salary need to be above average at the time of
               | hire, or throughout their entire tenure.
               | 
               | If its the prior then if an H-1B employee stays at a
               | company for more than a few years it actually would come
               | out to being cheaper overall, on top of them being more
               | incentivized to just go with the flow and deal with any
               | BS since their stay in the country depends on it. They
               | have significantly less leverage than a US citizen to
               | stay through grueling work conditions or toxic work
               | environments.
        
             | ashconnor wrote:
             | I think you're assuming that everyone has a price.
             | 
             | Also H1Bs can't also start their own businesses (at least
             | before this rule). So that was another restriction.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | > _I think you 're assuming that everyone has a price_
               | 
               | Nope. They don't need it to work for every worker, they
               | can't get every worker as a H1B either. It working for
               | _some_ workers makes it worth doing for businesses.
        
             | orochimaaru wrote:
             | I've been on an H1B before, a long time back. Most
             | companies do not want to deal with your immigration issues.
             | Bigger enterprises have the resources. But the moment you
             | get smaller, there isn't a whole lot of patience or energy
             | for that.
             | 
             | As an H1B I May have made marginally less than my peers who
             | were not immigrationally challenged. But as promotions
             | picked up I think that wasn't an issue anymore.
             | 
             | The one thing I still have though is I'm never the squeaky
             | wheel. Getting laid off on an H1B is brutal. So your
             | tolerance for corporate bs and workplace toxicity is quite
             | high.
        
               | whaleofatw2022 wrote:
               | This last point is a big one.
               | 
               | I've seen more than one shop that would use contract
               | houses as a way to 'paper over' their internal turnover
               | issues.
               | 
               | After all, even if the internal resource at the body shop
               | asks for and gets a transfer, they've got another body in
               | to finish the contract.
               | 
               | Plus the fringe benefits. That h1b is a sword of
               | damocles, contractor will work 6/10+ even if the main
               | shop is doing 45 on average for engineers.
               | 
               | Which, doesn't get you better code typically, but it
               | let's suits say people are working long hours to get the
               | task done.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | I don't buy this and you should not be selling it :) if
               | H1Bs worked 6/10+ while other employees did 45 all it
               | would take is ONE of H1B's to reach out to ONE hungry
               | lawyer and the lawsuit will be plastered all over the
               | MSM/Social Media/... the H1B gal/guy would go home to
               | their country with a bag full of money :)
               | 
               | people here on HN (without any merit) make H1B program
               | sound like farming jobs in Texas... too funny
        
               | dazed_confused wrote:
               | Crazy to think the people who come to US universities to
               | obtain post-bachelor degrees are more qualified than
               | those who didn't... This is purely anecdotal, but my
               | experience at a top institution is that the majority of
               | CS/ECE of MS and PhD programs are foreign students, and
               | the H1B folks I worked with had these advanced degrees.
        
         | closeparen wrote:
         | Only in the context of H1B does anyone conceive of tech workers
         | as having a binary condition called "qualified." In white-
         | collar jobs worth having, impact scales essentially infinitely
         | with skill. You aren't looking for people who are merely
         | capable of some baseline, you are looking for the best. The
         | world is much bigger than America, so even if Americans are
         | very good, many of the best are still foreigners.
        
           | silisili wrote:
           | I agree with this in theory, but in practice...
           | 
           | I've worked directly with probably 50 or so H1B folks in my
           | career. I can only think of a few I'd call exceptional. Just
           | like Americans, most were a mixed bag from good to terrible.
           | 
           | So the idea and argument of best of the best is sound, but
           | it's definitely not being used solely that way.
        
             | throwaway48476 wrote:
             | The idea of 'best of the best' relies on the assumption
             | that it is measurable which history has shown that it is
             | not.
        
               | closeparen wrote:
               | I mean, this is basic VC logic: because the returns are
               | power law distributed, and it's very hard to know in
               | advance which ones are going to hit, you should probably
               | invest at least a little bit in anyone who seems
               | basically plausible. Imagine having denied a visa to
               | Sergey Brin!
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | Money is measurable, engineer quality is not. Sure with a
               | smaller startup you could average amongst the engineers
               | but it's an imprecise value. The million threads on
               | leetcode and interview are proof positive engineer
               | valuation is hard.
               | 
               | It's all well and good to gamble when someone else, the
               | public, is picking up the tab.
        
               | closeparen wrote:
               | What tab? H1B engineers are definitionally employed,
               | usually in the upper tax brackets.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | Unpriced externalities. Housing is unaffordable in no
               | small part due to immigration. Opportunity cost for
               | Americans workers.
               | 
               | Generally the government manages the economy to make
               | things 'easy' but not necessarily reflecting the true
               | cost of any behavior.
        
               | closeparen wrote:
               | Housing is unaffordable because tech brings high-paying
               | jobs into regions that don't want housing growth. Whether
               | the people coming to fill those jobs and throw those
               | salaries around in the housing market are from India or
               | from Wisconsin hardly matters, except that it's more
               | comfortable for local governments to be overtly hostile
               | to the Wisconsinites.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | Housing requires land which inherently does not scale.
        
               | closeparen wrote:
               | Accepting that premise for a moment, why would the land
               | around Bay Area offices scale any better for Americans
               | than for H1Bs? If the opportunities simply go to
               | Americans, you have exactly the same geometry problem. If
               | the Americans who refill those roles do so at higher
               | wages, the supply-and-demand imbalance gets even worse.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | Ultimately there exists more foreigners than Americans.
               | American employees are more willing to create jobs
               | outside the bay area.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | So then the h1b hires will go to jobs outside the bay
               | area, reducing pressure on housing prices in the bay
               | area.
               | 
               | Tech companies have N openings in the bay area. They will
               | fill these openings. Whether they fill the openings with
               | people moving from India or Mississippi has zero effect
               | on the pressure on the bay area housing market.
        
               | IncreasePosts wrote:
               | My understanding is Sergey was just along for the ride
               | and Larry was the one with the unique insights (pagerank)
               | and led Google through the early years as CEO.
        
             | fellowmartian wrote:
             | Most people are missing the fact that there's a whole
             | immigration economy on the other end, it's not a passive
             | storefront (that was banned in the 19th century). People
             | want to immigrate, but the people who are best at
             | immigrating aren't necessarily best at their job.
        
             | aprilthird2021 wrote:
             | How have you only worked with 50 or so H1B in your career?
             | It's either not been long, or you didn't work at any large
             | tech companies (the ones who use this visa the most)
        
               | silisili wrote:
               | I don't jump much, I've worked for 3 companies in 20
               | years.
               | 
               | They were smallish companies, 1000ish employees. Only one
               | had H1B, and there were more than 50, but never worked
               | with most enough to pass judgment one way or another.
        
           | calculatte wrote:
           | H1B doesn't test for skill. It is a lottery. And judging from
           | the skill of hundreds of H1Bs I've worked with, it is a
           | failure of a system.
        
             | bdangubic wrote:
             | where the F do you work when you are surrounded by
             | "hundreds of H1Bs" - at the airport's baggage claim when
             | they arrive?
        
               | calculatte wrote:
               | You are forgetting the dimension called "time" Mr. Angry
               | But Dense.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | you've been working since 1776? other than immigration
               | attorney no F'ing person has worked with "hundreds of
               | H1Bs" so you can cut the crap
        
               | calculatte wrote:
               | You've clearly never worked in a large tech company.
        
               | atq2119 wrote:
               | The size of company you work in doesn't matter beyond a
               | certain fairly small size. The only way anybody could
               | work with hundreds of people at all (and have a justified
               | informed opinion about them) is to have a long career in
               | a place or places with very high turnover.
               | 
               | Professors might hit those numbers because having
               | informed opinions about their students is a large part of
               | their job and they see large turnover by definition.
               | Directors could have a chance, but even there I'd say
               | hundreds is actually unusual, unless your standards for
               | quality of opinion are low.
               | 
               | And then that's all people, not just H1-B holders.
        
               | calculatte wrote:
               | Then call me Mr Outlier.
               | 
               | Because large tech companies with a large cohort of H1B +
               | tendency to frequently reorg + career level with impact
               | with large reach means I have indeed worked with
               | hundreds.
               | 
               | Sorry bro, you don't get to deny my actual experience.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | no one is buying what you are selling so you should not
               | be selling it :)
               | 
               | even if you were the largest outliers on the planet you
               | could not possibly collaborate with hundreds in a way
               | where you get to know much about them. even if you said
               | "tens of h1b's" it would be a hard sell :)
        
               | spydum wrote:
               | I think very many people are confusing H1B and straight
               | outsourcing of talent. While there is some overlap, they
               | are not nearly the same.
               | 
               | Ive worked with both, and very few of the H1bs were below
               | average. Otherwise they aren't worth sponsoring.
               | 
               | There was a time in the mid 2000s when the
               | Infosys/TCS/wiPros of the world were gaming the H1B to
               | bring offshore bodies onshore.. but most of that died off
               | as far as I see.
        
               | calculatte wrote:
               | The H1B fraud from places like Infosys is alive, well,
               | and bigger than ever.
               | 
               | Alive and well.
               | https://www.theregister.com/2024/04/09/h1b_visa_fraud/
               | 
               | Companies caught cheating the lottery
               | https://archive.ph/Ey3e8
               | 
               | Outsourcers rampant abuse
               | https://www.infoworld.com/article/2241196/proof-
               | that-h-1b-vi...
               | 
               | SV companies discriminating against Americans
               | https://www.mercurynews.com/2024/10/07/h-1b-visa-company-
               | sup...
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | > A supposed shortage of qualified US applicants for tech jobs,
         | especially software developers, doesn't jibe with the huge
         | numbers of US developers currently looking for work, including
         | highly experienced older workers suffering from age
         | discrimination.
         | 
         | While I tend to agree, this is a bit of a straw man.
         | 
         | You can have tons of people looking for work who aren't
         | qualified for the job - which is (I think) the FAANG argument.
         | 
         | It's not like FAANG is paying less than what most unemployed
         | techies are looking to make.
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | FAANG companies have been laying people off at the moment, so
           | it doesn't seem they are exactly suffering from a lack of
           | workers. Until a year or so ago some of these companies were
           | hiring people without any real work for them, just to deprive
           | their competitors of talent.
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | I tend to agree, but this is another straw man.
             | 
             | FAANG will argue that they are laying off people with
             | skills they don't need, and there's a lack of people with
             | skills they do need.
             | 
             | Call them out and make a convincing argument that this is
             | BS.
             | 
             | Don't cry out: BUT SOME AMERICAN WAS FIRED AND THEY'RE
             | STILL HIRING!
             | 
             | This isn't a sound argument.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > FAANG will argue that they are laying off people with
               | skills they don't need, and there's a lack of people with
               | skills they do need.
               | 
               | They are laying off workers (permanent residents and H1Bs
               | alike) mostly to cut costs while all their competitors
               | are doing it, thereby saving face.
               | 
               | Additionally they are signalling to investors that they
               | are focused on cash generation and only investing in
               | areas they think will serve that end in the near term.
               | 
               | Finally, they are preparing for a future where they need
               | fewer workers per unit of revenue and profit growth, but
               | in the short term, that just means a higher workload for
               | those workers that remain.
        
         | coliveira wrote:
         | Well, tech companies claim that they cannot find good enough
         | workers to fill their positions. But "good enough" is a
         | subjetive classification. I can always create a test for which
         | you are not good enough, it doesn't matter how much knowledge
         | you have. And that's what tech companies have done for years.
         | They'll aways craft a contrived interview process that will
         | classify most people as not "good enough" and use this as
         | evidence that there are not enough workers available, so they
         | will get the opportunity to expand the pool of workers as much
         | as they want.
        
           | ponector wrote:
           | When company says they cannot find good enough people to hire
           | it really means they cannot find cheap enough people.
        
             | lokar wrote:
             | Not true IME from working and hiring at several tech
             | companies.
             | 
             | They pay at top of market. They would save a ton on comp if
             | they gave up on h1 candidates and hired the best they could
             | find locally.
             | 
             | I know popular sentiment here is often that there is no
             | real difference between these candidates, and the standards
             | are arbitrary. That is simply it true. There are vast
             | differences in engineering talent. Some people are truly
             | amazing compared to the median candidate.
        
           | aprilthird2021 wrote:
           | Every dev interview process I've been a part of has not
           | included consideration of the applicant's citizenship status.
           | The interview process has many flaws, but it is not contrived
           | to tailor itself towards H1Bs at the expense of citizens. At
           | least, not at the companies I've worked at, which are
           | household names. At TCL or Wipro? Sure, those are blatant
           | offenders of the H1B visa.
        
             | janalsncm wrote:
             | You said it yourself, those offenders supply talent to
             | other companies. Many roles simply won't be available to
             | citizens because they're filled by H1B abusers.
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | Yeah, I think the abusive companies like TCS and Wipro
               | should be shut down. But the other companies generally
               | pay pretty fair and use this visa system pretty normally,
               | and they do see a shortage of qualified talent. I saw it
               | myself as an interviewer. TCS and Wipro have a completely
               | different quality standard (if you can call it that) and
               | everyone knows it, plus they are cheating
        
             | coliveira wrote:
             | Companies don't need to favor one group against another,
             | they just need to make the process artificially hard, so
             | they'll have the excuse that there are not enough workers
             | ready to fill those positions.
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | The process is not artificially hard, imo. It's just
               | testing you on things a college CS curriculum goes over.
               | Sadly many many colleges in the US have a very
               | substandard bar for teaching this subject.
        
         | harichinnan wrote:
         | It's really simple test. Dig into unemployment numbers for
         | skill shortages. If your industry only has an acceptable level
         | of unemployment filings, then it qualifies as an industry
         | eligible for H1B. Within the industry, each company would
         | interview you on SV style data structures and algorithms. If
         | you don't make the interview, you are not qualified. The
         | foreigner who could pass such a qualifying test would then get
         | the job and visa is an accessory here.
        
         | snakeyjake wrote:
         | My employer cannot hire H-1Bs.
         | 
         | You must be a US citizen to work for my company. No "US
         | Persons" (visa holders) or foreigners allowed.
         | 
         | You have to be eligible for a Secret security clearance. You
         | don't have to get one if you don't want to as there is usually
         | plenty of uncleared work to go around, but you have to be
         | eligible in case that goes away and we need to put you in for a
         | clearance.
         | 
         | We cannot find qualified applicants.
         | 
         | I've had this conversation many times on HN so here are some
         | preemptive responses:
         | 
         | No, we don't make weapons for the military. Well, we do but not
         | my part of the company. The most harmful thing the products I
         | build do is quantify in precise detail how climate change is
         | dooming us all.
         | 
         | No, our positions aren't ghost positions.
         | 
         | Yes, we are willing to train someone who is motivated. We won't
         | re-teach linear algebra to a developer applicant but we will
         | pay a tech writer to go to school nights/weekends to get a
         | degree in engineering (me, I did that).
         | 
         | Yes, we have extensive high school and college work-
         | study/internships and participants make $72k/yr. with full
         | benefits for the duration of the program. That pipeline is
         | actually successful.
         | 
         | No, you can't work remotely. You (even programmers!) have to
         | touch the things we build in order to build them and nobody has
         | an ISO certified clean room in their house.
         | 
         | Yes, we pay well.
         | 
         | No, we don't pay as much as Meta. We build components for
         | satellites that have been sold to space agencies and purchased
         | by various departments/ministries of the environment, not your
         | personal information to advertisers-- one party has more money
         | to spend than the other.
         | 
         | We have shortages in mech/EE/Aero, shortages in software, and
         | critical shortages in engineering technicians.
         | 
         | One issue is that we expect programmers to remember linear
         | algebra and have more than the ability to shovel frameworks on
         | top of each other until a phone app comes out the other side.
        
           | throwaway48476 wrote:
           | What is your definition of qualified.
        
           | UncleOxidant wrote:
           | > No, you can't work remotely. You (even programmers!) have
           | to touch the things we build in order to build them and
           | nobody has an ISO certified clean room in their house.
           | 
           | What part of the country are you in?
        
             | MisterTea wrote:
             | This. If you're not in or near a major urban center you're
             | going to have to really be attractive to pull people in to
             | work there.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | And if you are near a major urban center pay needs to
               | reflect the HCOL environment or the unpaid commute time.
        
             | edm0nd wrote:
             | a lot of these fed or sec clearance type jobs in
             | VA/Maryland area.
        
               | UncleOxidant wrote:
               | They talked about manufacturing satellites, some of this
               | aerospace stuff is in Alabama because a senator back in
               | the 60s got some space contracts for the Huntsville area
               | - good luck finding people who want to move to AL. Not
               | saying that the poster is necessarily in AL, but if they
               | are then that could be a reason they're not finding
               | people.
        
               | EFreethought wrote:
               | Some people say that when you leave Huntsville you enter
               | Alabama.
               | 
               | Granted, it is still a red state.
        
           | mfer wrote:
           | If someone is a software developer who has done non-trivial
           | things and linear algebra but not recently and needs to be
           | refreshed, do you provide time/training to refresh on the
           | math skills?
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | I'd imagine that the rusty candidate could refresh themself
             | on linear algebra in what, two three-hour evenings before
             | the interview.
        
               | lovich wrote:
               | Who's putting in the work to study for a niche skill set
               | for a place that will pay you less than the market?
               | 
               | Normally that kind of requirement leads to _higher_
               | compensation
        
               | Jcampuzano2 wrote:
               | If you think of it from a return on investment/expected
               | value point of view, why would you ever take time out of
               | your day to refresh yourself on linear algebra and other
               | numerical methods assuming its not out of personal
               | interest just to apply somewhere that already has so many
               | barriers to entry that don't exist elsewhere, on top of
               | admitting it will not pay as much as other positions that
               | would require these skills.
               | 
               | I'd rather spend my time focusing on applying at other
               | positions that will pay just as much if not more without
               | being required to spend nights and weekends relearning a
               | skill that is just not used very much elsewhere and not
               | requiring security clearances, and why would I waste my
               | time applying there when other jobs that do require these
               | skills compensate more for the effort.
               | 
               | On the other hand if this company did pay closer to Meta
               | salaries (the comparison they used) then it gives all
               | candidates, including US citizens who fit more of their
               | eligibility criteria, that much more incentive to
               | actually relearn these skills and makes the expected
               | return on investment potentially worth it.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | I agree with you on the overall reasoning, but I conclude
               | that "this job is not worth applying to even if it took 6
               | seconds of preparation" rather than "this job is not
               | worth applying to because it would take 6 hours of
               | preparation".
        
           | WaitWaitWha wrote:
           | I understand your struggle. I have worked with US and non-US
           | orgs that are in similar boat.
           | 
           | In my experience this is often and at least in part a self-
           | inflicted wound. As you describe your side of the business,
           | it should not restricted, but it is. _Maybe?_ Not enough
           | detail to be certain.
           | 
           | What I see time and time again is business not willing to
           | implement proper DLP, labeling and isolation of restricted
           | things. Instead, they just throw everything into a single
           | bucket, because it is quicker, faster, some of the risk and
           | compliance is shifted to third party, and _initially_
           | cheaper.
           | 
           | In short, a US, UK, Aus company that does government
           | contracts will just force _everyone_ into NOFORN, on-prem
           | requirements (because DFARS, CMMC, CE+, Essential 8, or
           | whatever). It is way quicker to do this for entire company
           | than actually label data, isolate environment and resources,
           | and so on.
        
           | geertj wrote:
           | Why linear algebra? Honest question, i have not seen this as
           | a specific requirement before.
        
             | jmb99 wrote:
             | It can be inferred that they're making satellites, or at
             | least satellite components. It's pretty likely that vector
             | math will be involved in some of the software being written
             | in that context. In particular, if anything they write
             | involves navigation (which is a lot of things when it comes
             | to satellites, from actually maneuvering to observation
             | correction) you need to have a pretty good understanding of
             | linear algebra to write good software. And aerospace isn't
             | an industry where you want someone relying on google for
             | mission-critical logic.
        
               | AlotOfReading wrote:
               | Sure, but there's a huge spectrum between "mild
               | competence" and "can recite strang's verbatim". My
               | experience is that companies emphasizing specific math
               | skills beyond normal professional baselines typically
               | expect the latter despite usually offering the same (or
               | lower) salaries than the former.
        
               | zifpanachr23 wrote:
               | strang's would be something that is entry level in terms
               | of linear algebra.
               | 
               | I think they should clarify whether they want somebody
               | that has passed a linear algebra class with high marks
               | based on something like strangs' entry level book
               | before...or are on the cutting edge of graduate level
               | linear algebra research. It's not clear from the post and
               | I suspect that might be an issue.
               | 
               | Give me a couple months and I could recite strangs entry
               | level textbook. I passed that class with an A+. But I
               | could not become a PhD level maths student with a linear
               | algebra research focus in that amount of time.
               | 
               | There are multiple very different ways to interpret a
               | requirement for being competent in linear algebra.
               | 
               | Knowing everything covered in strangs introduction to
               | linear algebra is actually quite low on the potential
               | list of requirements and could be self studied.
        
               | AlotOfReading wrote:
               | If you need a specific specialist degree (like a PhD in
               | linear algebra), then that's just the professional
               | baseline knowledge I already mentioned.
               | 
               | When I last read Strang's, my course included a lot of
               | spectral theory that was decidedly _not_ introductory
               | regardless of what the title says. Either way, the point
               | is that most non-specialist practitioners don 't need
               | that. How often have you truly run into determinants mod
               | N or stochastic matrices in real life?
               | 
               | It sounds like our linear algebra classes were somewhat
               | different though. No one received an A in mine. I had one
               | of 3-4 B's.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Never ran into modular determinants IRL but stochastic
               | matrices are pretty common in many jobs - that said
               | honestly anyone that's actually good at linear algebra
               | and dev work has some pretty good options in many fields
               | so considering it as a baseline unremarkable requirement
               | is uncalled for, I agree.
        
               | coliveira wrote:
               | > Give me a couple months and I could recite strangs
               | 
               | Yes, most people had LA classes during college. But would
               | you take a couple of months to relearn something that
               | would be used only to interview for one job that you have
               | no idea you'll get? That's certainly a reason why few
               | people want to interview there.
        
               | jmb99 wrote:
               | I would argue that, if the sole differentiating
               | requirement is "must be proficient at linear algebra" (at
               | an undergraduate level), the pay requirements shouldn't
               | be that different from most other similar jobs. Almost
               | every engineering job will have some domain specific
               | requirements; would you say a job asking for applicants
               | to be "proficient in undergraduate-level fluid dynamics"
               | would require higher pay than any other chemical
               | engineering job? Or, back to SWE, if there's a
               | requirement to have experience working with
               | microcontrollers, should that job pay more than any other
               | C developer position?
               | 
               | If an SWE job posting has a narrow set of requirements,
               | none of which require particularly high-level education,
               | that means the ideal candidate is a "regular" SWE with
               | experience or knowledge in the field being hired for.
               | It's not like this aerospace company wants someone who is
               | an expert at linear algebra while also being a full stack
               | dev with intimate understanding of a few major cloud
               | platforms' offerings and knows how to write windows
               | drivers and does silicon design in their spare time.
               | They're just looking for a particular type of developer
               | for which there simply may not be any candidates. Yeah,
               | technically you could triple the salary and steal
               | employees from other companies who weren't looking for
               | jobs, but the economics of that aren't feasible. If there
               | are n positions and n-a total eligible developers (for
               | some positive a), it doesn't matter how much you increase
               | pay, there still aren't going to be enough people to fill
               | the roles. And you're eventually going to run out of
               | money, because you usually can't just triple the price of
               | your products.
        
             | panzagl wrote:
             | Satellites go in circles and need to point at things.
        
           | buckle8017 wrote:
           | You might believe that you don't make weapons, but nobody
           | else does.
           | 
           | You're building satellite components, which I'm quite certain
           | are dual use.
        
             | snakeyjake wrote:
             | The linux kernel is dual-use.
        
               | buckle8017 wrote:
               | This is why you can't hire anybody competent.
               | 
               | Maybe try admitting what you're building and justify it
               | as necessary instead.
               | 
               | Insulting people's ability to reason is a certain way to
               | repel anybody with a brain.
        
               | snakeyjake wrote:
               | I used to build fantastic little things the likes of
               | which no human being had ever seen before that have
               | killed many, many, people including (if reports from that
               | side of the company are right, and they are) thousands
               | and thousands of Russians and their tanks.
               | 
               | Now I design radar panel assemblies for weather
               | satellites.
               | 
               | They're both a good living.
        
               | glitchc wrote:
               | > They're both a good living.
               | 
               | Only someone who has never seen war first-hand can make a
               | statement like that. You've never been in the kill zone.
        
               | snakeyjake wrote:
               | I was an infantryman in the US Army from 1998-2008.
               | 
               | I used the GI Bill and Army College Fund to pay for my
               | bachelors.
               | 
               | I deployed to "tHe KiLl ZoNe" twice with C Co 1/503rd
               | infantry and A Co 1/23rd infantry.
        
               | coliveira wrote:
               | I guess even if he knew he was making weapons, he
               | wouldn't be able to say it... And that's another reason
               | why these companies cannot find workers.
        
           | p1esk wrote:
           | _Yes, we pay well. No, we don 't pay as much as Meta._
           | 
           | How well do you pay? If I were at Meta, my total comp would
           | be 500-600k. I make half that at a small startup. Can you
           | afford me?
        
             | panzagl wrote:
             | No they cannot, unless maybe you have advanced degrees and
             | a couple decades experience.
        
               | optimiz3 wrote:
               | Yeah but then you're too old. Need to be in your 20s with
               | a couple decades of experience.
        
               | CapeTheory wrote:
               | Calling it now - a leetcode-based kindergarten programme
               | is the next big a16z investment.
        
               | yazzku wrote:
               | "Hit the ground running."
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | You say this ironically, but someone who's been working
               | hard 15 hours 7 days a week in a niche, 50 weeks a year,
               | from age 15 to age 29 has clearly a much higher potential
               | than a 45 year old following the normal path in life.
               | 
               | And almost certainly a higher employable value too unless
               | they have catastrophically bad social skills...
        
               | lovich wrote:
               | Did they develop those social skills during the free time
               | they had?
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Why does this matter?
               | 
               | They can develop it while lying in bed and daydreaming
               | for all the difference it makes.
        
               | lovich wrote:
               | The implication was that someone who dedicated all of
               | their time as physically possible to working and
               | studying, would not have had time to develop social
               | skills
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Talented people can improve in multiple directions at the
               | same time... unless you don't believe this?
               | 
               | Plus any 29 year old who can actually land a genuine
               | 500k-600k USD compensation job at a big company is a
               | literal genius, at the very least.
        
               | lovich wrote:
               | Do you honestly believe that an individual who
               | 
               | >... been working hard 15 hours 7 days a week in a niche,
               | 50 weeks a year, from age 15 to age 29...
               | 
               | Developed the same level of social skills as the average
               | individual who lived a more normal schedule?
               | 
               | I have to ask before you even answer that. Do you believe
               | that social skills are something to be practiced and
               | built upon, are they some waste of time they only
               | hormones bother with, or some other option I haven't
               | considered?
        
             | snakeyjake wrote:
             | How many years of experience?
             | 
             | I fall almost exactly on the low end of this range:
             | https://www.glassdoor.com/Salaries/senior-aerospace-
             | engineer...
             | 
             | With 15 years of experience.
             | 
             | I'm at the low end of my peers.
             | 
             | Like I said, auctioning off access to your users to
             | advertisers pays better than the European space agency.
        
               | zipy124 wrote:
               | Wait the low range of that link is PS45k but you say work
               | study placement people get $75k a year?
        
               | bitcurious wrote:
               | There might be some regionality built in; viewed from the
               | US the range is $265K - $463K/yr.
        
               | titanomachy wrote:
               | That is outrageous that two seemingly developed countries
               | could have such a huge compensation gap. A _senior
               | aerospace engineer_ in the UK can make as little as 45k
               | GBP, or 56k USD? One _fifth_ as much as the lowest-paid
               | American??
               | 
               | The take-home on that is PS35k. The median rent in London
               | is PS26k. I suppose the person making PS45k doesn't
               | likely live in London, but still pretty grim.
               | 
               | https://www.economist.com/special-report/2024/10/14/the-
               | amer...
        
               | paleotrope wrote:
               | You guys get the NHS though.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | Yes but those numbers are pre-tax income.
        
               | winter_blue wrote:
               | I don't know if you're making a joke or not, but getting
               | NHS isn't worth $200,000 USD per year.
               | 
               | Most Americans get employer-provided health insurance,
               | which costs money (the amount specified in the DD section
               | of the W2), and its often in the $1500/month range. That
               | DD amount isn't part of your income or the salary
               | Glassdoor mentions. It's an added benefit of top of that.
               | 
               | In the UK and elsewhere, around $500/month/person in
               | taxes pays for your healthcare. That's essentially
               | subtracted from your income. So the uk income is even
               | lower when you subtract the taxes the NHS costs.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > I don't know if you're making a joke or not, but
               | getting NHS isn't worth $200,000 USD per year.
               | 
               | Nope, but NHS + no/less student loans + no car dependency
               | + cheaper childcare + time off + a ton of other things
               | shave quite a bit off that $200k. Not equal, and not in
               | every personal case, but a lot.
        
               | rangestransform wrote:
               | Canadian and not UKian, but our public healthcare is
               | definitely not worth 50% of my take home cash, I get much
               | better access to care in the US right now. it still says
               | Canada on my passport so I can get healthcare if I get
               | fired or chronically ill
        
               | beezlebroxxxxxx wrote:
               | > One fifth as much as the lowest-paid American??
               | 
               | Americans are often blown away and kind of ignorant of
               | how, relative to the rest of the world, they are really
               | wealthy and well paid. Like, people have _way_ less
               | disposable incomes in other parts of the world, even
               | developed countries. The purchase power of the USD and
               | the power of the US economy is absolutely insane.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | The UK is really, really poor compared to the US.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | The UK is poor because they decided to financialize the
               | economy in the 90s and stop making things. It's like
               | canada where the GDP per capita goes down every year. I'm
               | amazed there hasn't been a revolution.
        
               | titanomachy wrote:
               | > canada where the GDP per capita goes down every year
               | 
               | Couldn't this largely be explained by their importing
               | huge amounts of low-income people?
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | Of course. Canadians are still getting poorer every year
               | and that's the salient point.
        
               | n4r9 wrote:
               | I don't think the average migrant salary is much
               | different from the average UK citizen salary. Then again,
               | I also don't find the "financialisation" argument very
               | compelling. Plus, the GDP per capita visibly _does not_
               | go down every year.
        
               | foldr wrote:
               | GDP per capita has not gone down every year in Canada or
               | in the UK:
               | 
               | https://tradingeconomics.com/canada/gdp-per-
               | capita#:~:text=T...
               | 
               | https://tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/gdp-per-
               | capita
               | 
               | (Click the button to check the 25 year view.)
        
               | foldr wrote:
               | The UK is poorer than the US, but US software engineering
               | salaries are an outlier. The difference is not as big as
               | that comparison would suggest.
        
               | gspetr wrote:
               | https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/sep/03/bri
               | tai...
               | 
               | "another respected data journalist, John Burn-Murdoch,
               | calculated that without London, the UK would be poorer,
               | in terms of GDP per capita, than even the poorest US
               | state, Mississippi."
        
               | foldr wrote:
               | Yes, it's true that the UK economy is very London-
               | centric, but the original poster was talking about the UK
               | as a whole vs the US as a whole. (The flip side of this
               | is that the figures would look better if you compared
               | London to a major US city.)
               | 
               | None of this changes the fact that US software
               | engineering salaries are a poor comparison to use to
               | illustrate wealth disparities between the US and other
               | countries, as they are an outlier.
        
               | pikclingoil wrote:
               | >One fifth as much as the lowest-paid American??
               | 
               | Quite! A top 10% earner in Finland, a supposedly very
               | developed country, by saving all of their net-income
               | spending zero on food and letting their SO pay the bills,
               | could in 2-3 years afford a new Skoda.
        
               | qmr wrote:
               | Ah I think I see where the confusion lies.
               | 
               | The US is not a developed country, rather it is a
               | particularly rich third world country.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | They don't call them europoors for nothing
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | Yes, Aerospace Engineers don't live in London because
               | there are very little (if any) aerospace jobs in London.
               | Biggest aerospace employers in the UK are BAE Systems and
               | Airbus, and both have factories in much cheaper locations
               | (Wales, Northwest of England).
               | 
               | You're basically comparing "super specialised job in the
               | middle of nowhere with very low cost of living" vs a
               | "super specialised but much more needed job in multiple
               | high cost of living locations" (Seattle metro area, LA
               | metro area to name a few).
        
               | stonemetal12 wrote:
               | Wichita Kansas is home to about 20% of aircraft-
               | manufacturing workers in the United States. Not exactly
               | known for HCOL.
        
               | dccoolgai wrote:
               | The U.S. engineer can be fired on a whim immediately and
               | lose their health care (COBRA) and the company that fires
               | them can even contest their unemployment benefits (that
               | the employee paid into) if they feel motivated enough.
               | That's one of the reasons they get paid much more.
        
               | sgerenser wrote:
               | I feel like that range is a on the high side, at least
               | for jobs outside the Bay Area. Unless aerospace pays a
               | lot better than software jobs at government contractors.
               | When I was laid off less than 2 years ago and applying to
               | a wide variety of places, the gov contractors were only
               | offering in the $120-$140 ballpark for senior sw
               | engineering positions. They tended to play up gold plated
               | benefits, high 401k match, etc as well but there's no way
               | that would get it up to $263k.
        
               | pcthrowaway wrote:
               | Holy shit, that auto-redirects to the salary range in
               | Canada for me (66K-95K CAD)
               | 
               | Tried again with a U.S. VPN and I'm gob-smacked by _how_
               | different that range is.
        
               | winter_blue wrote:
               | Yup, I'm in Canada as well, and I was quite a bit thrown
               | off by the redirected Canadian pay range.
               | 
               | For anyone curious, the Canadian pay range is:
               | 
               | Base pay $66K - $95K/yr
               | 
               | $79K/yr Average base pay
               | 
               | The _low end of that base pay ($66k CAD) converts to $45k
               | USD_.
               | 
               | While the U.S. pay range is:
               | 
               | Total pay range: $266K - $463K/yr
               | 
               | $346K/yr Median total pay
               | 
               | Pay breakdown $137K - $223K/yr Base pay $129K - $240K/yr
               | Additional pay
        
             | zifpanachr23 wrote:
             | Realistically, there are plenty of competent people they
             | could hire for any low six figures amount (unless they are
             | directly in the DC area, in which case add 20-30k for cost
             | of living). 500-600k or half of that is a unicorn salary
             | that doesn't apply to those industries or areas and is
             | irrelevant to the discussion. Even if they offered you that
             | salary you wouldn't take it because the work environment
             | would be radically different from working at a bloated web
             | tech firm, or working at a silicon valley startup.
             | 
             | Totally different markets. You wouldn't be interested in
             | that job, and they wouldn't want to hire you even if you
             | were interested. Even the tone of your post makes that
             | obvious.
             | 
             | We should be discussing early to mid career folks from
             | somewhere other than silicon valley startup or big web tech
             | land. Aka "meat and potatoes" tech jobs. That is what's
             | being discussed.
             | 
             | I don't know what their problem is with hiring either and I
             | agree with you that it could be partially compensation
             | related. But not being able to compete with Silicon Valley
             | on compensation is not where I would be going with that
             | argument....I think it's more likely to be related to
             | environment and interview style and notions of what
             | "experience" means. In other words...bad hiring
             | practices...not necessarily raw compensation issues. The
             | compensation for non "big tech" firms can sometimes be
             | quite good in comparison to other career paths especially
             | when located outside of the valley, so being unable to hire
             | talent makes me suspicious of hiring practices more than
             | compensation (assuming they are reasonably large and hit
             | market rate for the area and are in a reasonably large
             | metro).
             | 
             | Just my two cents.
        
           | briffle wrote:
           | Do you offer to sponsor people to get their security
           | clearance? many jobs I see in the sysadmin space want someone
           | who already has clearance, and are not willing to do the
           | process of getting someone their clearance.
        
             | ryanackley wrote:
             | Came here to say this. I have a friend who is a manager for
             | a defense contractor. He says that competition is fierce
             | for people _that already have clearance_ and they can 't
             | really hire someone to sponsor them because of how long it
             | takes. There is a 2-3 year wait for obtaining security
             | clearance because of a backlog caused by COVID.
             | 
             | The people that have it can write their own ticket and do
             | very little work apparently.
        
           | calculatte wrote:
           | You didn't name your employer for someone who might be
           | interested. Perhaps visibility is one reason you can't find
           | anyone?
           | 
           | I applied to a similar position locally this year. I far
           | exceed their requirements and experience and I got rejected
           | at the application stage. And the same goes for nearly all of
           | other places I applied to. Hiring has most definitely changed
           | over the years. They are not just looking for "qualified
           | applicants". There is something else going on.
        
             | wakawaka28 wrote:
             | >I applied to a similar position locally this year. I far
             | exceed their requirements and experience and I got rejected
             | at the application stage.
             | 
             | Could be "This one is overqualified, we can't pay that
             | much" or "He doesn't have experience in the exact thing we
             | need." Or just that they want a qualified applicant but
             | they've got lots of options.
        
               | ponow wrote:
               | But then the narrative of "there aren't enough qualified
               | people" collapses, and H1-Bs unjustified.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Then they'd also have to pay more and not have someone
               | they could put under their thumb.
        
           | CoastalCoder wrote:
           | > You must be a US citizen to work for my company. No "US
           | Persons" (visa holders) or foreigners allowed.
           | 
           | Just to clarify, being a _dual_ U.S. citizen (e.g.,
           | U.S.-Canadian, U.S.-Irish) doesn 't necessarily prevent a
           | person from obtaining a U.S. "SECRET" security clearance.
        
           | pseudocomposer wrote:
           | What's your company? What exactly do you pay? I haven't done
           | linear algebra in a while but certainly remember enough from
           | graphics programming (and of course physics and linear
           | algebra proper) in undergrad. Feel free to check out and
           | contact me via any of the routes available on my GitHub:
           | https://github.com/JonLatane
        
           | drivingmenuts wrote:
           | > You have to be eligible for a Secret security clearance.
           | You don't have to get one if you don't want to as there is
           | usually plenty of uncleared work to go around, but you have
           | to be eligible in case that goes away and we need to put you
           | in for a clearance.
           | 
           | Y'all should probably make that clear. Usually, the moment I
           | see something like that as a job requirement, I move on. Not
           | because I may or may not qualify, but because I honestly
           | don't remember a lot of the information required and because
           | it's not clear that I can work in a non-weapon-building role.
           | Probably should offer refresher courses in linear algebra -
           | I've been a developer for 25+ years and have never knowingly
           | used it.
        
           | dcrazy wrote:
           | > You must be a US citizen to work for my company. No "US
           | Persons" (visa holders) or foreigners allowed.
           | 
           | This is illegal under IRCA unless another law or government
           | contract mandates it. [1] If every single role at your
           | company requires a Secret clearance, then I question how
           | separate "your part of the company" really is from the part
           | that makes weapons.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.eeoc.gov/national-origin-discrimination
        
             | snowwrestler wrote:
             | Obviously this company is a government contractor.
        
               | dcrazy wrote:
               | Not all government contracts require all employees
               | working on the contract to have clearances or be US
               | citizens.
        
               | thephyber wrote:
               | I remember visiting a family member's work (similar
               | industry) and the front office did a screening of me as a
               | visitor to make sure I met those same requirements before
               | I could enter.
               | 
               | I'm guessing the contracts that make paper clips don't
               | need those stringent requirements, but the ones that make
               | sensitive comms equipment do.
        
               | eigendreams wrote:
               | Large companies (think FAANG) can and do have non
               | cleared, non citizen, non us persons (permanent
               | residents, refugees and asylees) working on such projects
               | with the proper separation of scopes, data access
               | restrictions and so on.
        
               | amalcon wrote:
               | One of my old managers has a story about how he was
               | tasked with documenting an unspecified something for the
               | US government. Because he was not a US citizen (though he
               | was a citizen of a very close US ally), he was then no
               | longer permitted to read the document that he wrote.
               | 
               | Probably just lawyers being lawyers, but still pretty
               | funny.
        
               | snowwrestler wrote:
               | But some do! And sounds like this is one of them.
        
             | darth_avocado wrote:
             | Companies can chose to not sponsor visas. That's not
             | illegal.
        
               | jkaplowitz wrote:
               | True, but they aren't allowing recently admitted
               | permanent residents, asylees, and refugees, all of whom
               | have federal protections against immigration status
               | discrimination in employment.
               | 
               | Some places like NYC offer legal protections in this area
               | to all categories of immigration status, of course within
               | what applicable federal and state law requires and
               | allows. Federal law allows preferring citizens over
               | equally equalities noncitizens, requiring employment
               | authorization to already exist, and complying with any
               | specific legal requirements for restricting certain jobs
               | to citizens. NYC law respects all of this. But overall
               | NYC is totally allowed to, and does, add protections
               | beyond federal law.
        
               | jkaplowitz wrote:
               | Late typo correction well beyond the edit window:
               | "equally equalities" should have read "equally
               | qualified".
        
             | dec0dedab0de wrote:
             | That just means that if you're going to hire someone on a
             | VISA you can't discriminate which country they're from.
             | 
             | I believe there is some protection against discriminating
             | against greencards, but not visas
        
               | jkaplowitz wrote:
               | Recent green card holders, asylees, and refugees get
               | federal protection, except when a law requires or permits
               | otherwise. The other commenter's company has a blanket
               | rule of allowing none of these categories. Approximately
               | this got SpaceX into trouble with the DOJ recently.
               | 
               | Some state or local laws offer additional protections
               | beyond federal law, including NYC for all immigration
               | statuses, except as required or allowed by other
               | applicable laws. (So, for example, NYC doesn't pretend
               | that companies have to hire people who don't already have
               | employment authorization.)
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | It is required by law. Most likely through prohibitions for
             | "exporting" defense technology, which can be very broad.
             | "Exporting" can consist of having a casual conversation
             | with a non-"US Person" or having a document visible on your
             | desk.
             | 
             | "Secret" classification is really mild, about 5 million
             | people have one.
             | 
             | >The law prohibits employers from hiring only U.S. citizens
             | or lawful permanent residents unless required to do so by
             | law, regulation or government contract.
             | 
             | At these workplaces it will be a combination of all 3 of
             | law, regulation, and government contract.
        
               | eigendreams wrote:
               | You are referring to ITAR. Under ITAR, permanent
               | residents are considered US Persons and not subject to
               | export controls. Clearance is a totally different thing
               | that people often confuse with ITAR, which is only
               | granted to US citizens, and though it is possible to
               | grant something somewhat like clearance to non us
               | citizens, it is almost never done.
               | 
               | Edit: Ah I see you are not disagreeing with what I said
               | at all. Apologies, I cannot count the number of times I
               | have seen in reddit and here, where people confuse ITAR
               | with clearance.
        
             | cplat wrote:
             | To be fair, he never said "every single role at your
             | company requires a secret clearance." He has specifically
             | mentioned that you can get by even without them. You have
             | misquoted.
        
             | snake42 wrote:
             | I think it probably is illegal as well. My company had to
             | settle a lawsuit with the DOJ recently for this reason.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | Presumably government contract does mandate in this case.
        
           | macNchz wrote:
           | Do you drug test? Sounds like a place that might. A fairly
           | significant proportion (though definitely not all) of the
           | best developers I've ever worked with would simply pass over
           | places that seem like they would.
        
             | brewdad wrote:
             | You aren't getting a clearance if you can't pass a drug
             | test.
        
               | pas wrote:
               | Having eligibility is not the same as passing unannounced
               | random drug tests.
        
               | zifpanachr23 wrote:
               | Plenty of people can pass a drug test. That's not the
               | issue I guarantee it. It might slightly help their hiring
               | but it's not the root cause of difficulties, and I
               | seriously doubt compensation is a root cause either.
        
               | veggieroll wrote:
               | I don't do drugs; I barely even drink alcohol. But, I
               | think drug testing is a violation of privacy and none of
               | a company's business. This isn't 1950, nobody cares if
               | you're doing drugs on your personal time as long as
               | you're sober for work.
               | 
               | Yes, you need to drug test for clearance. But I'm saying
               | that's a job I'm not applying to unless I have no other
               | choice. It goes straight to the bottom of the pile for
               | me.
        
               | retox wrote:
               | My understand is that it comes down how likely it is that
               | the employee could be bought/blackmailed/corrupted. A
               | person with a drug (or gambling) habit could be
               | blackmailed or might need more money to fuel their
               | addiction, making them susceptible to a foreign power
               | buying their support.
               | 
               | Same reason for homosexuality in the past when it was
               | illegal/scandalous.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | The blackmail thing always seemed a bit circular to me.
               | 
               | "We'll fire you if you smoke pot"
               | 
               | "But why?"
               | 
               | "Someone might blackmail you, by threatening to reveal
               | that you smoke pot"
               | 
               | "How is that a threat?"
               | 
               | "Because we'll fire you if you smoke pot."
        
               | veggieroll wrote:
               | > might need more money to fuel their addiction
               | 
               | This makes a lot more sense to me than blackmail.
               | 
               | I'd quibble though that this overlooks that quite a lot
               | (possibly even most) drug users are able to lead
               | productive lives without having to resort to illegal
               | activity to fund their drug use.
               | 
               | The other thing this doesn't cover is that there are many
               | alcoholics that fall into the same trap. Though there
               | again, most alcoholics are able to lead productive lives
               | despite their addiction.
               | 
               | And through personal experience, I unfortunately know
               | quite a few alcoholics that work in defense with various
               | levels of clearance.
        
               | snake42 wrote:
               | A drug test is not a requirement for a security
               | clearance.
        
           | michaelsshaw wrote:
           | >You have to be eligible for a Secret security clearance
           | 
           | Nope. Not doing it. Not going to argue politics, but this is
           | a huge RED FLAG for a lot of people. And I feel I don't need
           | to submit to mandatory drug testing as well.
           | 
           | >The most harmful thing the products I build do is quantify
           | in precise detail how climate change is dooming us all
           | 
           | Then why is it classified? How separate is your branch from
           | the weapons branch, that you acknowledge exists?
        
             | snake42 wrote:
             | A security clearance doesn't necessarily mean you have to
             | take drug tests. You do fill out paperwork about your
             | previous drug usage though.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | If you admit to past drug use they're going to drug test
               | you.
        
               | snake42 wrote:
               | Not in my experience.
        
             | echoangle wrote:
             | > Then why is it classified? How separate is your branch
             | from the weapons branch, that you acknowledge exists?
             | 
             | There's a lot of dual-use stuff that's not used for
             | military applications but could be by another actor. Dual-
             | use means that it could be used for civilian and military
             | applications, not that it actually is.
             | 
             | So if I build a revolutionary weather radar that could be
             | used for military reconnaissance by Iran if the technology
             | came out, but the US military isn't interested because they
             | already have something better, it would be completely
             | civilian but classified.
        
               | michaelsshaw wrote:
               | >Dual-use means that it could be used for civilian and
               | military applications, not that it actually is.
               | 
               | This brings forward some cognitive dissonance in me. I
               | love the open source ethics, especially the "ANYONE CAN
               | USE THIS FOR ANY PURPOSE" tagline. But, personally, I do
               | not want any military (especially the US military) to
               | find any usefulness out of my projects. I'm not sure on
               | the legal aspects of it, but if there was an SPDX-
               | License-Identifier for GPL-3.0-NO-MILITARY (or something
               | similar, you get the point), I'd use it on everything.
        
               | rcktmrtn wrote:
               | Closest thing I've heard:
               | 
               | https://github.com/g-truc/glm?tab=License-1-ov-
               | file#readme
        
               | michaelsshaw wrote:
               | Can't believe I never noticed this. I've used GLM a bunch
               | before.
               | 
               | It's funny, and it's nice, but it's not quite the
               | ironclad level of "NO MILITARIES" as I'd like. Plus,
               | enforceability becomes a question with classified
               | military stuff, not even going into the actual legal
               | discovery process. A common license would suffice for me,
               | as I'm not going to modify the GPL as they did.
               | 
               | Thanks for sharing though, it made me laugh.
        
           | ponector wrote:
           | So many contradictions!
           | 
           | You pay well, but not so much.
           | 
           | You search for qualified applicants but can hire a student.
           | 
           | You require linear algebra but ok with technical writer.
           | 
           | Looks like your managers don't know who they need to hire or
           | don't want to really hire.
        
             | antisthenes wrote:
             | > Looks like your managers don't know who they need to hire
             | or don't want to really hire.
             | 
             | It's prevalent in government-adjacent companies. It's all a
             | completely opaque byzantine system to mask the nepotism and
             | the fact that a lot of those people just siphon money from
             | the government like it's a jobs programs.
             | 
             | Not to mention that their application systems are usually
             | complete garbage like Workday or Taleo.
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | The defense industry _is_ a jobs program, I thought this
               | was clear to everyone. It's cheaper than keeping all the
               | vets on the payroll directly and also cheaper than
               | letting them become another homeless crisis on top of the
               | existing one.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | Defense contractors are usually located in out of the way
             | places. If you work for the USAF Lab in Rome, NY, you make
             | less than a Facebook intern, but the only guy richer than
             | you in town is the state trooper with overtime. They are
             | also stable gigs with good benefits.
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | Yeah, but you also have to live in Rome, NY. Don't get me
               | wrong, I don't want to live in a major city; but being
               | _near_ one is pretty handy. And if the job doesn't pan
               | out, then being in Rome, NY means your options for the
               | next job are extremely limited. Unless your family is ok
               | with uprooting and moving (probably _again_), the pay to
               | move to Rome for a job would need to be catastrophically
               | large to lure me there.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | > the pay to move to Rome for a job would need to be
               | catastrophically large to lure me there
               | 
               | On the other hand, when in Rome...
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | Exactly. The fit for an employee is challenging, but for
               | the right person it's the ideal job.
               | 
               | Alabama, ditto. There is no amount of money that would
               | compel me to live there. But for the right person, it's
               | paradise.
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | I moved from a string of coastal metropolises to a much
               | smaller city in Alabama, voluntarily. Pay was not a
               | factor, since I kept the same remote job; but obviously
               | my purchasing power is higher here, especially for
               | housing. There are certain aspects of living in or near a
               | "world-class" city that are lacking here, but for my
               | lifestyle, that has no impact on my day-to-day.
               | 
               | I'm not specifically trying to change your mind about
               | Alabama (since as you said, everyone has a different
               | lifestyle), but I would wager that perhaps some of what
               | you think about these Deep South states are contrary to
               | reality.
        
               | DanielHB wrote:
               | One of my biggest concerns of doing something like this
               | is being too far away from specialist healthcare in my
               | old age. I see my 70 year old mother struggling to find
               | specialist doctors without going to the big city (which
               | is 2 hours away). She is not even _that_ far away from
               | the big city.
               | 
               | Meaning around one time per month she has to devote a
               | whole day for a doctor trip. I am afraid when she grows
               | older and can't do that by herself anymore. Most of her
               | doctors are still local though, but specialists are hard
               | to find.
               | 
               | When my dad had cancer he had to take similar trips for
               | his treatment. Except it was weekly with occasional
               | multiple times per week. It was brutal for him and my
               | mother.
        
               | ahi wrote:
               | I dealt with cancer this year. I had my choice of health
               | systems, one 30 minutes away or one 5 minutes away. By
               | the end I was very grateful I went with the closest. At
               | one point I had radiation every morning at 8:30 for a
               | month. Drop the kid at school then swing by for the
               | appointment is much more manageable than an hour commute
               | while feeling like ass.
               | 
               | It's not just the specialists either. My pcp at a local
               | health clinic is a MD/PhD from a top 5 med school. Most
               | of the best in any field don't want to live in Podunk
               | either.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | I can't handle Southern weather.
               | 
               | The redneck stuff is fine with me, I lived in a small
               | town and it has a certain charm. Good place to raise
               | kids, etc. But I like winter... I live in a small
               | northeast city and enjoy it.
        
               | crystal_revenge wrote:
               | > but the only guy richer than you in town...
               | 
               | Or, you know, any tech worker with a remote job. The
               | point is if you have technical skills and want to live in
               | Rome, NY you can do that and still have a better job.
               | 
               | > They are also stable gigs with good benefits.
               | 
               | Maybe 30 years ago. Today the benefits don't compare to
               | what you get in a large tech company and I think everyone
               | one I know with a career in a DAPRA/Defense contractor
               | job has eventually been laid off and struggled to find
               | new work since it's generally challenging to transition
               | _out_ of that industry involuntarily.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | I think he is saying that they'll hire folks _as_ technical
             | writers (so you do technical writer stuff) and then help
             | out with engineering classes if things seem to be going
             | well.
             | 
             | This is pretty different from somebody who wants to go in
             | as an engineer but doesn't remember their intro classes.
        
             | pilotneko wrote:
             | Don't forget "we don't build weapons...well the company
             | does but my team doesn't."
        
               | tivert wrote:
               | > Don't forget "we don't build weapons...well the company
               | does but my team doesn't."
               | 
               | It's totally possible. There's an defense contractor in
               | my area where _all_ the work at the local office is on
               | non-defense government projects.
        
               | rurp wrote:
               | Sure, but it could still be a deterrent for some
               | applicants. They might not care enough about that
               | distinction to apply to the company.
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | After what went down in Ukraine I struggle with the idea
               | that folks can still find military tech inherently
               | problematic.
               | 
               | It's currently the only thing preventing a liberal
               | democracy from being overrun and genocided because a
               | tinpot dictator with nuclear weapons woke up on the wrong
               | side of the bed back in 2022 and said "I want, I take."
        
             | wklauss wrote:
             | > You pay well, but not so much
             | 
             | Don't really see much of a contradiction. A good salary is
             | not necessarily the highest salary.
             | 
             | > You require linear algebra but ok with technical writer.
             | 
             | I'm a tech writer but went to engineering school. While I
             | assume it's not a fairly common situation, it's also not
             | unheard of. The original comment seems to imply that
             | they'll frown upon a candidate that will expect to be
             | taught linear algebra at the workplace but will be ok with
             | one that has only a basic grasp and it's willing to attend
             | engineering school to improve.
        
           | b8 wrote:
           | Defense contractors have loads of entry level jobs, but most
           | require you already have a clearance (e.g. wanting US Army
           | 17c or IC vets) or certifications which cost $500+ plus. Many
           | don't sponsor a clearance, because it takes a long time, high
           | chance of the application not passing and because they may
           | just use you to get a clearance and job hop to a higher
           | paying job.
           | 
           | Defense contractor jobs are the only ones I've seen that
           | haven't been outsourced overseas yet, but good luck getting a
           | CJO for one that will sponsor a clearance and actually
           | getting cleared.
           | 
           | A top tier three letter agency sponsored me for TS SCI FSP
           | and it took 9 months after the conditional job offer (CJO)
           | after 10+ offers of personal interviews with me not counting
           | my old jobs, college and friends/acquaintances just for them
           | to cancel my app for "other traits, conduct or behaviour" and
           | to reapply after a year.
           | 
           | I heard other applicants on the free bus ride that it was
           | their 3rd or 4th try at the polygraph or that the agency
           | forgot about them so they had to a Congressional inquiry
           | after 2 attempts prior etc.
           | 
           | It's a lot of BS and I've tried for a few years now to work
           | for the federal government and military, but they just don't
           | want me. I've given way more effort than normal folks, so
           | honestly screw them.
        
             | kjellsbells wrote:
             | Amen, good to see it wasnt just me. My last job search was
             | this summer and I hit this all over.
             | 
             | I'm fine with working for a defense contractor or the feds.
             | I'm fine with taking a pay haircut relative to FAANG to do
             | something meaningful. I'm even fine with commuting, and the
             | agencies poking into my life to assess a clearance. But I
             | need to move from one job to another without a gap.
             | 
             | Private sector employers won't touch me without a
             | clearance, and in my part of the world there are lots of
             | people who already have one, so I'm not worth their time.
             | 
             | The US government would put me through a clearance, but
             | their hiring practices are so slow and arcane that they're
             | just not viable for someone who needs to find a job
             | starting say in the next 30 days.
             | 
             | I wish it wasn't that way, but it is. So, I stay in the
             | uncleared commercial sector.
        
           | 0086b416f103 wrote:
           | > We cannot find qualified applicants.
           | 
           | Your company is incompetent. I've applied to hundreds of
           | companies like yours within Huntsville, AL in the past year,
           | rejected or ghosted all the time.
           | 
           | Defense morons will talk about how hard their work is and how
           | they can't find anyone to do it. Completely skip over how
           | prevalent affirmative action is in their hiring process; who
           | were you guys interviewing in 2020? Why is the defense small
           | business base completely dominated by veterans who stack 10%
           | disability ratings and minorities with a preferred SBA
           | sticker on their website?
           | 
           | Complete joke of an industry.
        
             | yieldcrv wrote:
             | that's an assumption
             | 
             | its just as likely that their process is auto-rejecting
             | candidates and nobody has looked yet
             | 
             | "After his HR department hadn't found a single candidate
             | for a job, the manager submitted his own resume. It was
             | auto-rejected."
             | 
             | syndicated here
             | 
             | https://www.yourtango.com/self/manager-proves-hr-system-
             | auto...
             | 
             | and the associated reddit comment that the articles are
             | based off here
             | 
             | https://www.reddit.com/r/csMajors/comments/1f8x5ma/comment/
             | l...
             | 
             | this is likely the more common practice
        
               | chefandy wrote:
               | Not commenting on the rest of their assumptions, but to
               | be clear, auto-rejecting candidates that could reasonably
               | fill roles in your company isn't a defense against
               | incompetence accusations-- it _supports_ them.
        
               | yieldcrv wrote:
               | I was referring to the discrimination rant
               | 
               | even candidates that might fit a poorly implemented
               | affirmative action program are likely getting auto-
               | rejected
               | 
               | nobody knows if its helpful to mention their race or
               | disability, or whether its hurtful
        
               | 0086b416f103 wrote:
               | My "discrimination rant" is informed by my ex-girlfriend
               | being hired for an M&S/OpenCL job as a non-programming
               | mech-e. Why? Because all the work was _already_ done and
               | it would look better to the government client to have a
               | female, black engineer sit around in a SCIF doing nothing
               | all day. Stuff like this is absolutely rampant.
        
               | briandear wrote:
               | This is absolutely true. Government contractors have what
               | is effectively diversity quotas. People will get hired to
               | fill the quota regardless of what they actually do. It's
               | absolutely not true that diversity hires are all useless,
               | but there are significant incentives to create diversity
               | numbers in order to gain a government contract. Hiring
               | 100 people to do nothing and get the lucrative contract
               | is better than hiring based on need and not getting the
               | contract.
        
               | yawpitch wrote:
               | Utterly shocked she's an _ex_ -girlfriend, really.
        
               | chefandy wrote:
               | I'm not an HR person, but I'd be surprised if the ATS
               | bouncer algorithms even have access to the eeo
               | information, and making assumptions about ethnicity based
               | on name seems unlikely to be a feature. Sure, someone
               | could code their own solution easily enough but I really
               | doubt that's a common enough occurrence to warrant
               | discrimination accusations at the auto-reject level.
        
               | pandaman wrote:
               | It's not an assumption, Affirmative Action along with
               | many other requirements is mandated for the contractors
               | working with the US. You can start from here
               | https://www.dol.gov/agencies/odep/program-
               | areas/employers/fe...
        
               | yieldcrv wrote:
               | but its implementation different per organization and at
               | any moment in time.
               | 
               | it could just as easily be any other reason, like the one
               | I identified
               | 
               | its an assumption to know what's being applied _to you_.
               | 
               | its obvious that the frustrated guy just wants to be
               | heard, it is still an assumption. that doesn't mean its
               | not happening. it means its an assumption about what
               | exactly applied to you.
               | 
               | unless they specifically said that and you won an
               | employment discrimination case then you literally dont
               | know.
        
               | flyingpenguin wrote:
               | I have worked for a few defense contractors in my time.
               | There is significantly more diversity outside of defense
               | than inside defense.
               | 
               | I had a team of 14 with 2 women and 1 non-white male. I
               | had a team of 10 with 0 women and 0 non-white male. I had
               | a team of 20 with 1 women and 0 non-white male.
               | 
               | Looking at it another way, thats 40 successful white male
               | hires, and 4 successful non-white male hires.
               | 
               | if only having access to 91% of jobs instead of 100% is
               | the reason you can't get hired....
               | 
               | edit: To clarify, as a software developer of 10+ years
               | both in defense and faang, I have never once had a team
               | where there was less than 50% white men.
        
               | biztos wrote:
               | Veering off topic a bit, but I wonder what would happen
               | if a company required that for any new hiring filter for
               | Role X, it must pass everyone currently in Role X or
               | above.
        
               | usefulcat wrote:
               | Does it make sense, in general, to prevent the hiring
               | process from becoming more selective in the future? If
               | so, why? But if not then a rule like that wouldn't make
               | sense.
        
               | biztos wrote:
               | I don't think it makes sense to prevent it becoming more
               | selective, but I do think it makes sense to avoid passing
               | over candidates who can do the job. And your best (only?)
               | data on who can actually do the job is who is currently
               | doing the job.
               | 
               | If you really need everyone in Role X to have a PhD in
               | Psychoergonomics, then what's up with Jane over there and
               | her MD?
        
               | gpm wrote:
               | If you're hiring because you _need_ someone? Yes?
               | 
               | It makes sense to sort candidates with the more niche
               | requirement to the top of the pile, but to require it?
               | When you need to fill this role?
               | 
               | There's also hiring because "wow, this candidate is
               | great, we should find a place to fit them", and there it
               | makes sense to become more selective going forwards...
               | but when a company is saying "we need people and can't
               | find them", that doesn't seem like the time to be more
               | selective.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | For some reason I fancy buying myself a new watch.
        
               | coredog64 wrote:
               | Anecdote: Amazon has a hiring bar that states that new
               | hires have to be better than half of the current
               | population in the role. Whether or not it's adhered to,
               | there's a reasonable motive for doing so.
        
             | Me001 wrote:
             | Defense morons should be a more common term. These guys
             | have been given free money for generations in VA and can
             | barely do anything other than suck cash from the
             | government. I'm an American it's disgraceful they are
             | children compared to my Asian colleagues.
        
               | testbjjl wrote:
               | Maybe, when you interview, they sense your anger and that
               | you feel as you say, they are morons, so they move onto
               | more desirable candidates?
        
               | enkid wrote:
               | What a weird last sentence.
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | if they're getting free money, they're not morons!
               | 
               | humans think we're the most intelligent because we built
               | New York while the dolphins have just been hanging around
               | having a good time. the dolphins think they're the most
               | intelligent for the same reason.
        
               | harvey9 wrote:
               | I'm picturing a lot of corp execs boarding a spaceship
               | and saying 'so long and thanks for all the tax breaks'
        
             | mcmcmc wrote:
             | Have you considered that it might be your attitude costing
             | you job opportunities? Anti-woke baby raging isn't exactly
             | exactly an attractive quality in a potential candidate
        
             | Ardren wrote:
             | Wow, I can't imagine why companies don't want to hire you
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | its perfectly acceptable to be bitter and express it
               | sometimes when you have the perception that life has been
               | unfair to you for half a decade.
               | 
               | It doesn't necessarily speak to the parent's attitude
               | before becoming bitter. Hard to draw such a direct
               | conclusion for me.
        
               | enkid wrote:
               | Would you hire someone who is actively being bitter
               | toward your industry?
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | I work in video games, if I didn't I would have no pool
               | of candidates to choose from.
               | 
               | However if you read what I wrote:
               | 
               | 1) Current attitude is not necessarily prior attitude
               | 
               | 2) A histrionic tirade is not indicative of an outwardly
               | perceptible attitude, in fact, its more common that these
               | kinds of outburts are from a person who _is not_
               | outwardly bitter enough day-to-day and is forced to be
               | positive. (thus it boils inside them and becomes
               | venomous)
               | 
               | 3) Bitterness is usually the combination of a (often
               | still) motivated person who feels let down. Your
               | companies most negative voices are very often the ones
               | who are passionate but sad about things. Its the
               | "checked-outs" who you _really_ don't want if you're
               | building something you want to be good.
        
               | buran77 wrote:
               | It's very unlikely that people just start by being bitter
               | against an industry, but extremely likely that an
               | industry gave people reason to become bitter in time.
               | People tend to start their careers fresh and free of
               | preconceptions, while industries keep carrying their
               | "blemishes" through decades and many generations of
               | people.
               | 
               | You're applying the circular reasoning of "of course I
               | treat you like crap because you have a bad attitude
               | (because I treat you like crap)", while ignoring the part
               | in the bracket.
        
               | crystal_revenge wrote:
               | I hunted down someone who was known for their bitter
               | critique of the industry I was in at the time (because I
               | could tell the critique came from the frustrations of
               | someone who was very technically skilled), convinced them
               | to join my team and they've been one of my best hires to
               | date.
               | 
               | This individual was a great contributor and long
               | outlasted my tenure at the company (so it's not just my
               | bias), only to eventually move on to even better roles.
               | 
               | Frankly, if you work in tech and _haven 't_ been bitter
               | about some nonsense in this field, I suspect you must not
               | be particularly engaged or passionate about the area you
               | work in.
        
               | UltraSane wrote:
               | Becoming deeply bitter is a very normal outcome of
               | dealing with US company hiring processes in 2024
        
               | FrozenSynapse wrote:
               | maybe he's not as competent as he thinks he is
        
               | tivert wrote:
               | > maybe he's not as competent as he thinks he is
               | 
               | I'm not going to let industry off the hook by blaming the
               | victim.
               | 
               | It's not the defense industry, but I know a very
               | qualified person who's been having a lot of trouble being
               | hired for what must be stupid, industry-dysfunction
               | reasons.
        
               | borski wrote:
               | Becoming deeply bitter is a very normal outcome of
               | dealing with literally anything, in any year. It has very
               | little to do with US company hiring processes and a lot
               | to do with someone's attitude and outlook on life.
               | 
               | Both of my dads (father and FIL) got cancer this year. My
               | mom almost did.
               | 
               | You don't have to become deeply bitter, no matter what
               | your situation. Many people do anyway, and that is by no
               | means a moral failing of any kind, but it has very little
               | to do with the individual events that precipitated it.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | This deserves a much more thought out and nuanced answer
               | than I am capable to give.
               | 
               | I will try anyway.
               | 
               | Let's take something that we have more information about:
               | burnout. Since burnout is a hot button topic, we're all
               | somewhat aware about it.
               | 
               | Many people misconstrue burnout to mean "overworked" -
               | which it's not, it's a type of depression where your
               | emotional investment is not getting adequate emotional
               | returns: and that's what's happening with your depiction
               | of "bitter".
               | 
               | You had objectively worse situations happening to you,
               | yes! However- the conditions in which they happened were:
               | 
               | * Not artificial. There was no concerted effort by the
               | universe to conspire to give your fathers cancer.
               | 
               | * You were given sympathy
               | 
               | * You were given the opportunity to actually air
               | grievances about it before it boiled up- likely you were
               | told that it's healthy to feel bad or to express
               | yourself.
               | 
               | Likewise, bitterness is the culmination of being treated
               | in a way you perceive as unfair, and it starts small. It
               | gets worse when not _treated_. Treatment is as easy as
               | letting people be a little angry sometimes or to let them
               | talk about their issues and be met with something other
               | than condescension.
               | 
               | You had a worse situation, yes, but you're talking about
               | people getting moody as a moral failing.
               | 
               | It would be like me telling a woman not to be moody on
               | her period because some men have their arms blown off on
               | oil rigs. They're not comparable at all.
        
               | borski wrote:
               | You misunderstood me. I very explicitly do not think it
               | is a moral failing at all. I do not have any problem with
               | someone being moody. Problems aren't a competition. I
               | mentioned mine not to imply that mine were worse, but
               | just that they were different, and to show that I wasn't
               | speaking from a position of "having no problems" or being
               | oblivious to them.
               | 
               | It is completely reasonable to be bitter. But long-term,
               | it is still a choice.
               | 
               | I don't disagree that being bitter, at the onset, is not
               | a choice. And often requires treatment.
               | 
               | Burnout is a great example because I agree with
               | everything you said about it. Becoming bitter when burnt
               | out isn't a choice. _Staying_ bitter is.
               | 
               | For short periods, it is almost always even necessary;
               | treatment requires feeling.
               | 
               | But too many people get stuck in it, do not seek
               | treatment (or are afraid to / taught not to, even amongst
               | friends), and do not move forward. Even that is still not
               | a moral failing; but it does make me sad.
        
               | UltraSane wrote:
               | > Becoming deeply bitter is a very normal outcome of
               | dealing with literally anything, in any year.
               | 
               | No it isn't. Most people only become bitter when they
               | feel they have been treated unfairly and badly for a very
               | long period of time.
        
               | borski wrote:
               | Citation needed. People get bitter over good things
               | sometimes too; because they see others as having gotten
               | more, or perceive unfairness when there wasn't any, and
               | so on.
               | 
               | I am not implying bitterness is bad. But you can
               | absolutely be bitter for almost any reason.
        
             | DanielHB wrote:
             | They want top tier talent to work on crappy quality
             | products/code
             | 
             | Meaning people who can unravel all the crap they have to
             | maintain but with no agency to enact any sort of long term
             | fix.
             | 
             | Plenty of this kind of work going around, the older the
             | codebase is the less willing people are to work on it. Soon
             | good engineers don't want to anymore and mid engineers are
             | not good enough to even tweak it. Leaving the only lever
             | these companies can pull being salary and they can't
             | compete with FAANG on that.
             | 
             | Reminds me of those anecdotes you hear from Oracle and ASML
             | engineers. The difference there is that they can still use
             | the salary lever.
        
               | jrs235 wrote:
               | This. "You can't pay me enough to work on something where
               | I have almost no agency to do anything without constantly
               | raising my hand, asking if I can improve something, then
               | having to wait and wait and wait for approval to
               | consistently be told 'No.'". Unless I'm allowed to be
               | free to do other things while waiting or allowed to work
               | remote/asynchronously (not tethered/shackled to a
               | desk/keyboard), then I might be open to doing it, but
               | still for a lot of money to deal with the redtape/bs.
        
             | jensensbutton wrote:
             | I've found that people who reach for DEI or affirmative
             | action to explain their lack of success are generally just
             | not very good.
             | 
             | All of these hundreds of rejections were due to affirmative
             | action huh? In Huntsville? Ok.
        
             | GolberThorce wrote:
             | Defense industry has lower standards and higher salaries
             | for tech jobs, because they're restricted to nationals
             | only. Not sure about AA
        
           | xerxesaa wrote:
           | I'm a U.S. citizen and I've applied to plenty of these types
           | of jobs. Had an offer at Palantir previously but would not
           | take that now due to ethical concerns.
           | 
           | I'm an older worker in management. Willing to be hands on.
           | Not looking to get paid as much as Meta (I've worked there
           | too) but also don't want something that pays peanuts. Willing
           | to relocate to many places.
           | 
           | Genuinely curious where I can find such jobs.
        
             | snake42 wrote:
             | For clearance specific kinds of jobs, I use
             | 
             | https://www.clearancejobs.com/
        
               | yazzku wrote:
               | It would be good to have a "no military" filter.
               | 
               | Results would probably come out empty anyway.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | I think many Aerospace jobs that aren't directly
               | Defense/Military (think SpaceX Falcon 9 flight control
               | development) are also behind clearance. Of course you
               | will indirectly help launch military satellites but I
               | wouldn't call it a military job exactly.
        
               | the_arun wrote:
               | Don't we first need security clearance before applying to
               | these jobs? Or at the time of joining the company helps
               | us to get clearance?
        
               | simoncion wrote:
               | Some employers will pay the cost to get a security
               | clearance. Others will not. IME, employers will tell you
               | in the job description which kind of employer they are.
               | 
               | "Must have a currently active $TYPE clearance." and "Must
               | be eligible for a $TYPE clearance; position contingent on
               | acquiring a $TYPE clearance." are the sorts of phrases to
               | look for.
        
               | snake42 wrote:
               | Depends on the company. My company prefers you to have
               | one incoming, but since few people do, we sponsor most
               | people.
        
             | sgerenser wrote:
             | In my experience roles at companies like this in the
             | southeast US pay around $120k for senior engineers,
             | probably a bit more for management. Not sure if you
             | consider that peanuts, but it's significantly less than
             | Meta.
        
           | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
           | I once worked in defense as well and it could be that the pay
           | is insultingly low with immense hassle and responsibility (do
           | this thing wrong and you goto jail). I'll only consider going
           | back if a new major conflict starts.
        
           | dec0dedab0de wrote:
           | I passed on a bunch of jobs that required clearance, because
           | getting it sounded like a nightmare.
           | 
           | Your paragraph at the end sounds like maybe your company
           | culture is also a problem.
        
           | tgma wrote:
           | > We cannot find qualified applicants
           | 
           | > No, we don't pay as much as Meta.
           | 
           | So, essentially, you are seeking special treatment from US
           | citizens. I'm not saying this is always unreasonable, but
           | you're in the territory of a centrally planned economic
           | decision, and in the US philosophy that is supposed to be
           | done minimally.
           | 
           | Maybe the right thing is for your company to shut down or
           | change their line of business, freeing up the labor for Meta.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | There are 4.8 million developers in the US most of them are
             | not making Meta salaries and I would say that 80% will
             | never see 200K inflation adjusted in thier lives.
             | 
             | Instead of going to levels.fyi go to salary.com and choose
             | any major city in the US that is not on the west coast.
             | 
             | No most developers don't get RSUs or anything else aside
             | from their salaries and maybe a bonus.
             | 
             | And before someone replies that I'm "bitter". No I'm good,
             | I'm 50. I did my stint at BigTech and I don't have the shit
             | tolerance level to deal with the politics of any large
             | company.
        
               | tgma wrote:
               | You are actually proving my point. If there are 4.8
               | million developers who are not commanding Meta salaries,
               | and they "pay well" it should be fairly straightforward
               | to get labor.
               | 
               | It's simple: the more picky you are the more you will
               | have to pay. The GP admitted the upper bound of Meta,
               | which is a company that is sustainably operating in the
               | same country. If you cannot compete in a labor market,
               | either raise your product pricing or be more efficient.
               | If not, you will make less profit and/or go out of
               | business, which is an appropriate outcome most of the
               | time.
               | 
               | No one is entitled to their business model.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | I think the other part of the problem is no one in
               | software wants to work in Huntsville.
               | 
               | There are numerous reasons why AL sucks.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | There's a ton of reasons to not like AL, but Huntsville
               | is actually pretty decent from what I've seen of it.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Huntsville isn't the socially liberal (ie we are all
               | people and you do you) oasis like Atlanta, Miami and
               | other major cities in red states.
               | 
               | To be clear, I'm not saying all conservatives are evil. I
               | have nothing against the Kemp's (GA's governor) and
               | traditional conservatives.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | I can't believe that his work is so complicated that he
               | can't take a good older developer in thier 30s, who would
               | be more than willing to move to a lower cost of living
               | area where they can raise a family affordability and
               | design an internal training program to get them up to
               | speed.
               | 
               | Offer things that we care about like free health
               | insurance, "unlimited PTO", a generous 401K match with
               | immediate vesting, etc.
               | 
               | I personally wouldn't move to Alabama. But many would.
               | 
               | At 50, I need to work. But I don't need to chase after
               | FAANG salaries. I optimize for my other priorities. As I
               | said in my previous post, I'm not "disdaining what I
               | can't have". I've been there done that.
        
               | calculatte wrote:
               | Given that Meta pays so well, why are they so dependent
               | on H1B?
               | 
               | Or google? In 2023 they had a net elimination of 6576 US
               | jobs, but added 5479 H1B.
               | 
               | This isn't a simple market issue, these companies are
               | abusing worker visas to replace Americans from their own
               | companies.
        
               | JoshTriplett wrote:
               | While I'd normally use levels.fyi for more accurate data,
               | since you don't want to rely on that, here's info from
               | glassdoor.
               | 
               | Senior: https://www.glassdoor.com/Salaries/remote-senior-
               | software-en...
               | 
               | > $178K - $262K/yr
               | 
               | Principal: https://www.glassdoor.com/Salaries/remote-
               | principal-software...
               | 
               | > $269K - $415K/yr
               | 
               | > The estimated total pay for a Principal Software
               | Engineer is $329,957 per year in the Remote area, with an
               | average salary of $196,928 per year. These numbers
               | represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges
               | from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based
               | on salaries collected from our users. The estimated
               | additional pay is $133,029 per year. Additional pay could
               | include cash bonus, commission, tips, and profit sharing.
               | 
               | Sounds like the right ballpark. If you're in a location
               | that doesn't pay as well, remote can pay much better.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Exactly how many "remote principal software developer"
               | jobs do you think there are available and that's a self
               | selected sample and even then they for some reason
               | separate "senior software developer".
               | 
               | Look at salary.com where you can see by cities.
               | 
               | None of the BigTech companies have many remote jobs.
               | Google is even requiring their customer facing
               | professional services department to be in certain cities.
               | That was a bridge too far even for AWS.
        
             | brookst wrote:
             | Yes, because obviously we as a country should prioritize
             | creepy VR avatars over understanding climate change.
             | 
             | By this reasoning _no_ charities should exist (they pay
             | less than commercial orgs) and even people who are willing
             | to work for less in order to feel good about their
             | contribution should not be allowed to.
             | 
             | It's a very cynical, even nihilistic view.
        
               | tgma wrote:
               | > Yes, because obviously we as a country should
               | prioritize creepy VR avatars over understanding climate
               | change.
               | 
               | As a country we have decided to let the market decide
               | what to prioritize. Who are we to judge "creepy VR
               | avatars" are less important if people are willing to fair
               | and square pay for them? If they are creepy, don't pay
               | for them.
               | 
               | > No charities should exist.
               | 
               | No that is not the appropriate conclusion. People are of
               | course free to work for less and balance their
               | circumstances. If they want to volunteer for a charity by
               | choice, more power to them. But no, using taxpayer money
               | to fund "charities" is by-and-large corruption in my
               | book.
               | 
               | > It's a very cynical, even nihilistic view.
               | 
               | If we are doing labels, yours is a very communistic,
               | statist, view.
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | P.S. regardless of your PoV, I like that you acknowledge
               | my core point: that the OP is seeking special treatment
               | in the form of cheap labor from the US. You are simply
               | arguing for that special treatment being justified, not
               | denying that's the core demand.
        
               | snake42 wrote:
               | Profit is not and shouldn't be the primary driver for
               | whats useful economic activity. There is a lot of good
               | work to be done that can't or won't be sustained by the
               | market. Basic scientific research for example.
        
               | tgma wrote:
               | I mean sure you could argue that, as communists and
               | others perhaps do, for instance, but we are chiefly
               | talking about the US, where individual profit is decided,
               | IMHO correctly, as the _primary_ metric. Sure, you may
               | want to choose to minimally do certain things for
               | national security or other legitimate reasons as the
               | people vote for (as I mentioned in three posts above),
               | but that is supposed to be a deliberate choice of the
               | people and their representatives, driven by their
               | desires, not as an automatic subsidy to any pre-
               | established business, in the form of lax immigration
               | policy which can have second-order effects.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Who ends up paying for the decision to pay a meta
               | engineer x, but the climate change engineer x/5?
               | 
               | It's the engineer who picks the climate change job
               | instead.
               | 
               | Essentially what you're saying is that due to society not
               | being willing to pay competitively, engineers should take
               | the kick to the nuts and be paid peanuts to make up for
               | societies bad decisions.
               | 
               | Sounds like a pretty stupid decision, frankly.
        
               | snake42 wrote:
               | Sure the engineer ends up losing out. Thankfully, some
               | people put values over personal profit.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | It sounds more like someone is taking advantage of
               | people, using nominative idealism to do so.
        
               | yazzku wrote:
               | You are very confused about how the US works. Go find out
               | where the Internet comes from, for example.
        
               | tgma wrote:
               | Ironic that you use it as an example, since Internet blew
               | up exponentially the moment commercial activity was
               | allowed.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | It blew up with commercial activity, but it never would
               | have existed in the first place if it hadn't been created
               | in taxpayer-funded research labs.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Someone that wants to do some good in the world can have
               | a bigger and better impact by getting paid much more and
               | donating half the difference to charity.
               | 
               | Working for a company that launches satellites that
               | examine climate change is _far_ less impactful. It 's not
               | worth a big pay cut even when you're focusing on
               | altruistic motives.
        
               | nativeit wrote:
               | > _Someone that wants to do some good in the world can
               | have a bigger and better impact by getting paid much more
               | and donating half the difference to charity._ [Citation
               | needed] _Working for a company that launches satellites
               | that examine climate change is far less impactful._
               | [Citation needed] _It 's not worth a big pay cut even
               | when you're focusing on altruistic motives._ [Citation
               | unavailable as its purely subjective]
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Working for a company that sometimes makes satellites
               | that make measurements of climate change is _so_ indirect
               | at helping people if at all. Donating to that company (by
               | being paid less) is not a good use of money, in terms of
               | charitable benefit. I don 't think any of this is wild
               | enough to need citation in a discussion where the median
               | comment is not expected to have citations.
               | 
               | How many people honestly think it's a good idea to donate
               | to a for-profit company?
               | 
               | > It's not worth a big pay cut even when you're focusing
               | on altruistic motives. [Citation unavailable as its
               | purely subjective]
               | 
               | I'm talking about level of benefit, which is not
               | subjective.
               | 
               | Edit: Also I just reread the original comment and
               | realized the climate change measurement was listed as a
               | _negative_ , so for the two citation neededs I point back
               | at the original post about the company. Donating a single
               | dollar beats a negative.
        
             | intended wrote:
             | IF Meta is the benchmark for "good" pay, then this is nuts.
             | 
             | There are far more people who need code, than just the
             | people at FAANG companies.
             | 
             | Are you saying that these firms are economically
             | uncompetitive, with META, and should shut shop?
        
               | pikclingoil wrote:
               | >Are you saying that these firms are economically
               | uncompetitive, with META, and should shut shop?
               | 
               | A company with same requirements but not the funding?
               | Absolutely
               | 
               | >There are far more people who need code, than just the
               | people at FAANG companies.
               | 
               | With different requirements you can find way more people.
        
               | intended wrote:
               | In that case, there is 100% going to be a move to
               | offshoring.
               | 
               | Ideally, the industry would relocate outside of the US,
               | to a place where they can be competitive.
               | 
               | However, since this defense, they can't, and will never
               | be competitive.
               | 
               | So defense will languish.
               | 
               | I guess that's all I have. I can't see a way out of the
               | situation if we accept your premise.
               | 
               | Defense margins aren't going to beat social media
               | margins, that too of something like meta.
               | 
               | Requirements are requirements. If you need a hammer,
               | scalpels won't help.
        
               | tgma wrote:
               | > Defense margins aren't going to beat social media
               | margins
               | 
               | Really? It's the first time I am hearing US is procuring
               | defense for cheap!
               | 
               | If there is a margin issue, that's an efficiency problem,
               | i.e. the company is being an idiot or deliberately
               | wasteful/stealing (perhaps due to structural problems
               | like overreliance on cost-plus contracts).
        
               | intended wrote:
               | This isnt the first time you are hearing that social
               | media margins are better than defense margins.
               | 
               | That is a misrepresentation of what was said, and an
               | unkindness to the conversation being had.
               | 
               | Tech scales, in a way that manufacturing and physical
               | products dont. I would assume that on HN, this is common
               | knowledge, and that you also are aware of it.
        
               | swiftcoder wrote:
               | > However, since this defense, they can't, and will never
               | be competitive.
               | 
               | The US defence budget is ~20x Meta revenues. They can be
               | competitive, but they don't choose to allocate their
               | resources that way.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | They seem pretty happy to try to guilt trip people into
               | taking the pay hit 'for the good of the country' while
               | someone in the middle pockets the difference though.
        
           | DanAtC wrote:
           | Security clearances are a giant hassle. Why go through all
           | that for less than FAANG pay?
        
             | yazzku wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | tiznow wrote:
               | sorry, what's GP here?
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | Grandparent comment.
        
           | hankchinaski wrote:
           | In other words you are looking for people who are willing to
           | get paid less what they are worth
        
           | monksy wrote:
           | So do you discriminate against people that consume
           | substances, on their own unpaid time, legal in the location
           | they live at?
           | 
           | > You have to be eligible for a Secret security clearance.
           | You don't have to get one if you don't want to as there is
           | usually plenty of uncleared work to go around, but you have
           | to be eligible in case that goes away and we need to put you
           | in for a clearance.
        
           | shiroiushi wrote:
           | Where is your workplace located? Perhaps it's in a crappy
           | place that no one wants to live in, and you should look at
           | relocating.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | I've looked at jobs at places like this (some requiring quite
           | high clearance) and the pay is hilariously bad, and I don't
           | make anywhere near peak FAANG rates (or work in FAANG)
           | 
           | 50% pay cut for a DevOps/SRE role requiring a Q clearance
           | (DoE version of Top Secret I think)
           | 
           | You can't find employees because the job isn't exciting
           | (you're probably not NASA) and the pay is bad. Maybe your
           | recruiters are bad too.
        
             | shiroiushi wrote:
             | They're probably located way out in the sticks too. Who
             | wants to pack up all their stuff and sell their house and
             | move to the rural deep South for a job that may or may not
             | work out long-term? And if it doesn't work out, they now
             | have to sell the house they bought there (because there's
             | nothing decent in that area on the rental market) and move
             | cross-country yet again?
        
           | brandonmenc wrote:
           | > Yes, we pay well.
           | 
           | Not enough, apparently.
           | 
           | > No, you can't work remotely.
           | 
           | You'll have to pay even more for this.
           | 
           | > No, we don't pay as much as Meta.
           | 
           | So again, not enough.
        
           | biztos wrote:
           | Not to pile on, but if linear algebra is _really_ a part of
           | the day-to-day job and not some manager's mistaken idea of a
           | proxy for more general talent, then you're hiring specialists
           | and the pool will not be that large. People who remember all
           | their math and enjoy it and can also code, are also very
           | employable at all the AI companies and departments, including
           | at Meta.
           | 
           | And how do you know if someone's eligible for security
           | clearance without applying for it? (Other than the obvious
           | "be a US citizen, don't be a spy" part.)
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | Isn't linear algebra heavily used in machine learning and
             | computer graphics (not just know it, but be able to wield
             | it proficiently)? So ya, the talent probably exists, but
             | they hit the "these engineers are making half a million a
             | year to do something else" problem.
        
               | biztos wrote:
               | Yes, exactly, I would (naively) assume it's common among
               | e.g. ML specialists, who are in high demand and thus hard
               | to recruit. I'm sure there are a lot, but if I had to
               | extrapolate from experience ("OK, who's good at math,
               | hands up?") I would say it's less than 20% of coder
               | genpop.
        
               | bravura wrote:
               | There is a lot of published _research_ work in ML that
               | had huge impact without explicitly touching linear
               | algebra.
               | 
               | Given that is the case, to answer your question: yes,
               | linear algebra is the foundation of ML. No, a lot of
               | impactful day-to-day ML engineering can be done without
               | touching linear algebra.
               | 
               | This is how assembly is the basis of compilation and
               | programming. But you probably are going to get a whole
               | lot of work done without ever using it.
               | 
               | It's generally a nice flex when applicants can code
               | assembly, and usually a yellow-flag when the company
               | suggests they require knowledge of assembly.
               | 
               | To me, my eyebrows raise when an industry person mentions
               | linear algebra. I'm just saying the odds are really low
               | that you actually use it.
        
             | avmich wrote:
             | > People who remember all their math and enjoy it and can
             | also code, are also very employable at all the AI companies
             | and departments, including at Meta.
             | 
             | That's either a wishful thinking or a stretch of
             | definitions, IMHO.
        
               | 8n4vidtmkvmk wrote:
               | What about the opposite? My math is getting super rusty
               | but it doesn't matter because all I do is push protos
               | around. Yet I seem to be pretty employable.
        
             | fn-mote wrote:
             | > if linear algebra is really a part of the day-to-day job
             | [...] then you're hiring specialists
             | 
             | It kind of bothers me that the parent and other readers
             | here are passing off knowing linear algebra as some kind of
             | esoteric skill. Linear algebra is a year 2 course in a
             | undergraduate eduation. There are polished libraries to
             | make it fast.
             | 
             | Unless you mean enough knowledge to be _writing linear
             | algebra libraries_ , there is no need to consider this
             | skill a high hurdle.
        
               | yazzku wrote:
               | Why is this down-voted? I was going to add most people
               | have already seen some sort of linear algebra even in
               | high school. Determinants, Gaussian elimination, etc.
               | 
               | It's unclear what "linear algebra" means to GP, though. I
               | agree writing linear algebra libraries is next level,
               | since that involves numerical code and knowing FP math
               | well.
        
               | ponow wrote:
               | > Determinants, Gaussian elimination, etc.
               | 
               | Umm, not in Pennsylvania government high schools, not
               | typically. Not by a long shot.
        
               | lovich wrote:
               | This is a real life version of this comic
               | 
               | https://xkcd.com/2501/
        
               | tanjtanjtanj wrote:
               | The number of American (and most other countries too)
               | students who interacted with Gaussian elimination or
               | Determinants in High School can fairly safely be rounded
               | down to zero.
        
               | ted_dunning wrote:
               | And we wonder why the US is declining in the ranking for
               | HS math competence.
        
               | biztos wrote:
               | I don't think it's esoteric, I just don't think it's used
               | much in real-life, day-to-day software engineering as
               | practiced by most professionals. I didn't mean to imply
               | it's a high hurdle, just that IMO a minority of actual
               | SWE's are going to bust out the proverbial slide rule,
               | and anecdotally it seems like they have a lot of options.
               | 
               | That it's a year-2 undergraduate course for some people
               | argues more for forgetting than remembering it, if you're
               | not using it regularly.
        
               | klodolph wrote:
               | > Linear algebra is a year 2 course in a undergraduate
               | eduation.
               | 
               | From what I've seen, the year 2 course is great for
               | graphics programming, game development, that sort of
               | thing. It's not enough for the tasks that require more
               | serious linear algebra, when you're working with systems
               | of linear equations, large matrices, etc. These "big"
               | linear algebra problems come up a lot in fields like
               | physics simulation, finance, and machine learning / AI.
               | 
               | I've done some hobby work in graphics and game
               | development, and I've done some professional work in
               | physics simulation. The kind of linear algebra you use in
               | physics simulation is a different beast.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I would expect the type you are talking about to be
               | described as something more like scientific computing or
               | HPC or something, right? Numerical methods.
        
               | klodolph wrote:
               | I took these classes in college and none of them would be
               | described that way. They were linear algebra classes.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Huh, interesting. What did they cover? I guess I thought
               | you were talking about stuff like sparse iterative
               | solvers (Krylov subspace, that sort of stuff). But those
               | are computational tools mostly, I guess, right?
        
               | klodolph wrote:
               | The math department at my college had three linear
               | algebra courses.
               | 
               | "Intro to linear algebra." 200-level. Vectors are
               | (x,y,z), more or less. Class includes math, engineering,
               | science, and business majors. 200-level makes it
               | _nominally_ a second-year course but lots of first-year
               | students will take it. Required course for many different
               | majors.
               | 
               | "Applied linear algebra." 300-level. Vectors are finite.
               | Eigenvalues, linear transformations, determinants, matrix
               | algebra, factorization. Touches on numerical methods but
               | doesn't spend much time on them. Students were mostly
               | math, with some physics and electrical engineers mixed
               | in.
               | 
               | "Advanced linear algebra." Series of two 400-level /
               | 500-level courses. Almost exclusively math majors and
               | math grad students. Algebraic topology, tensor spaces,
               | exterior algebra, spectral theory, differential forms.
               | 
               | There were also numerical methods courses--one in the
               | math department and one in the CS department.
        
               | Tyr42 wrote:
               | Can't take graphics until you have finished linear
               | algebra, otherwise how would you deal with all the
               | rotation and projection matrices?
        
               | klodolph wrote:
               | Right, but there's another linear algebra _after_ that
               | one.
        
               | amluto wrote:
               | Linear algebra may well be year 2 _in a math B.S._
               | program, and you'll encounter it in physics and quite a
               | few engineering fields, too. Maybe a bit of linear
               | algebra in CS. And a _lot_ of graduates who go do
               | something else for a while will not remember too much
               | linear algebra.
               | 
               | I can easily imagine that an overly aggressive linear
               | algebra requirement will eliminate many excellent
               | candidates.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | In Australia Linear Algebra was straight out of high
               | school first year university basic STEM common core math
               | course work for Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Medical,
               | Biology, etc. streams.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Also true in the US; I don't know what the "year 2"
               | people are thinking.
        
               | tcmart14 wrote:
               | At my university, the quickest you would be able to take
               | it was the second year because Calc 1 and Calc 2 were
               | considered pre-reqs. Assuming you're a normal student
               | doing only Fall/Spring semester, you can't take Calc 1
               | and 2 simultaneously.
               | 
               | Unless you had AP Calc in high school and managed to get
               | the university to accept it. I think quiet a few ABET
               | schools don't accept AP Calc as a full replacement for
               | Calc 1 if your an engineering major.
        
               | ZYsFrZ8RXvolv47 wrote:
               | Here in the US I was: calc 2 (year 1), calc 3, linear
               | methods (year 2), discrete math, theory of computation
               | (year 3). The downside being that the math and comp. sci
               | courses had no overlap, so I've basically forgotten the
               | first 1.5 years. Might have been better off at a state
               | college.
               | 
               | And wow, coming in from the other end of the scale to
               | even the bias...
               | 
               | Did an internship in biotech then spent the next ten
               | years working the only 2-3 blue collar jobs I could land
               | while applying to thousands of jobs per year and writing
               | hundreds of cover letters per year: retail, call centers,
               | IT, software development, comp sci, secretarial, and
               | other random fields I have certifications in. All told,
               | zero interviews. Spent my spare time working on open-
               | source projects and tutoring programming and data
               | science.
               | 
               | Suffered a horrible work-related injury near the end of
               | the decade and had to quit, but just as my savings were
               | about to expire I managed to find a government
               | contracting job for 80K/year, which is nearly 3x my
               | previous salary. I suffer incredible pain at work due to
               | my injury, and spend all my spare time recuperating and
               | exercising, and spend all my money on healthcare and
               | moonshots to no avail. I've wound down all my hobbies. I
               | thought I'd start socializing once I could afford it, but
               | I'm in too much pain.
               | 
               | Competence in government really doesn't reflect my
               | experience in landing a job. What a silver lining. When I
               | can barely walk I can just not show up and nobody would
               | even notice. So career-wise I don't think I'm going
               | anywhere. Life-wise I'm limping on, I guess.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I've seen it put after calculus for whatever reason,
               | usually. Surprisingly, even for engineering students,
               | calculus often takes up the first year of classes in the
               | US.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | In Australia, and a number of European countries,
               | Calculus takes up the last two years of high school in
               | the advanced stream (for anybody intending to go to
               | university and take Law, Engineering, Medicine, Physics,
               | Chem, etc).
               | 
               | Interestingly in serious university mathematics when
               | looking at the foundations of mathematics, Linear Algebra
               | is a functional prerequisite of multivariate calculus and
               | anything higher dimensional as LA provides a _literal_
               | basis for abstract spaces and local approximations to
               | continuous functions, etc.
               | 
               | (Often the two are formally taught in parallel)
        
               | brightball wrote:
               | It's the same in the US. My son is in 10th grade doing
               | Pre-Calculus now and should be in AP Calculus next year.
               | 
               | If you don't take the AP class to test out of it, you'd
               | have to take it first in college though.
               | 
               | I imagine many people strong enough in math to pursue
               | sciences will go the AP route and test out of it, but not
               | everybody takes the same path.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | At the place I went, they designed the curriculum around
               | students that came in without it. But I guess testing out
               | gives room for a gen-ed.
               | 
               | I dunno. The vibe in high school's hardest math class and
               | college's easiest math class is kinda different. Might be
               | worth doing both, haha. Easy A, too.
        
               | SauciestGNU wrote:
               | I generally think it should be taught along calc 3
               | (advanced integration and differential equations), as
               | there's decent conceptual overlap and basic calculus
               | helps weed out those who might not be ready for a more
               | rigorous course.
               | 
               | Also to clarify wrt calculus, it is very common for
               | university-track students to take AP calculus in high
               | school, which allows them to take an examination that
               | most universities accept to prove mastery of the
               | equivalent to calc 1 or calc 1+2 depending on the
               | examination.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | I got an A in linear as a sophomore... a long time ago.
               | If it's needed for a job, I got some studying to do.
        
               | StressedDev wrote:
               | Agreed - If you got a Computer Science degree from an
               | engineering school, you probably had to take Linear
               | Algebra as one of your required classes. Also, Linear
               | Algebra is not that hard to learn.
        
               | anon7000 wrote:
               | And you're going to remember that at a job interview 10
               | years later after never dealing with it after class? Uh,
               | no.
               | 
               | I took through calc 3 + discrete math, but didn't have to
               | take the full linear algebra course for the BS in CS. I'm
               | sure I could refresh myself on calculus, but almost no
               | one is regularly maintaining their more advanced math
               | knowledge in this field.
        
               | forgotoldacc wrote:
               | I got a CS degree from a fairly high ranked state
               | university.
               | 
               | Linear algebra wasn't a requirement. I took it as an
               | elective just for my own curiosity. I have a feeling
               | loads of programmers really don't know anything about
               | linear algebra, and probably a large number are like me
               | and learned it due to interest in game development.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | The upstream comment mentioned Linear Algebra as a base
               | requirement for applied programmers in their domain;
               | satellites, remote sensing, communications, navigation,
               | etc.
               | 
               | You can assume they're interested in esoterics like those
               | who can grasp the spherical harmonic equations used to
               | model the daily magnetic flux epoch models to control
               | sats via mag torque, those who can do a multivariate 512
               | dimensional SVD reduction against pipelined multi
               | spectral data to create sharpened images, create fuel
               | optimal paths in constrained resource starved
               | environments while dodging projected debris paths, .. you
               | know, all that jazz.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | The bigger risk I think is that most engineers took it in
               | the first couple years, didn't realize they were applying
               | it in all their other classes, and forgot about it.
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | It's not so much that it's esoteric, it's that it's not
               | something most people use every day, and skills decay
               | over time. I mean, Differential Equations (Diff-e-screw)
               | was a year 2 class for me, and I assume I'd fail it if I
               | took it today.
               | 
               | But most people that have any exposure to it can pick it
               | back up fairly rapidly. And most people that have a
               | reasonable exposure to math in general could probably
               | come up to speed (a little less) rapidly.
        
               | hilux wrote:
               | How many years do you expect most working professionals
               | to remember the content of each of their undergrad
               | courses - unless they use it on a regular basis?
        
               | ponow wrote:
               | Linear algebra is not a universal requirement for CS and
               | EE.
        
             | simoncion wrote:
             | > And how do you know if someone's eligible for security
             | clearance without applying for it?
             | 
             | The short answer is "You can't, not with 100% certainty.".
             | 
             | Based on my experience from decades ago, the long answer is
             | "Anyone who's a US citizen and doesn't lie about their drug
             | use and debts can get a Secret clearance.". Things MIGHT
             | have significantly changed since my clearance lapsed way
             | back when, but I doubt it.
        
               | simoncion wrote:
               | Actually, after engaging my brain a bit more fully, I
               | realize that one can be eligible for a security clearance
               | but fail to actually be granted one.
               | 
               | That is, eligibility concerns whether or not the State
               | Department will consider your application, not whether or
               | not they will grant the clearance after performing their
               | background and lifestyle investigation.
        
           | jtcurlin wrote:
           | I've applied to a variety of your positions each cycle for
           | the past 3 years. New grad, clearance-eligible US citizen
           | from a mid-range state school with a historically strong
           | defense/gov. connection. I have multiple internships, a math
           | minor, and my standout project is a rendering engine with a
           | physics/collision system. I've never had or expected a remote
           | option, and 70k (outside of the extreme-COL areas) sounds
           | fantastic.
           | 
           | Your company has never offered me a phone screening. Seeing
           | claims that Northrop is in sort of qualified candidate crisis
           | when myself and many applicants I know of similar profiles
           | are lucky to get so much as a rejection email is borderline
           | infuriating.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | What city or state?
        
           | sigbottle wrote:
           | :/ Never got into embedded programming or engineering, maybe
           | I should though. Invested too many of my math skills in
           | theoretical computer science
           | 
           | Never too late to learn etc. etc.
        
           | atlgator wrote:
           | The pool of Americans that can qualify for a clearance is
           | very small. You'd be surprised how many people have poor
           | credit, bad debt, foreclosures, foreign connections, drug use
           | and/or arrest history. It's not a fair comparison to the
           | applicant pool available to your typical industry business.
           | When I got my TS out of college, the OPM agent went to my old
           | frat house and interviewed people at random, then went to my
           | girlfriend's sorority house and interviewed random people
           | there. It can be brutal.
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | past drug use does not preclude a clearance (edited)
        
               | atlgator wrote:
               | It absolutely can. Depends on the drug and when it was
               | last used, if you had any drug-related incidents or court
               | ordered rehabilitation.
        
               | foobiekr wrote:
               | That's going beyond simple use. The two year lookback is
               | real but nobody is going to fail a basic clearance over
               | college pot use.
        
               | atlgator wrote:
               | I didn't say anything about pot. I said drug. That's any
               | illicit drug or controlled substance including
               | prescription misuse. The look back for declaration is 7
               | years, not 2, and generally you are auto denied if use
               | was within the last 12 months, college or not.
        
               | stonemetal12 wrote:
               | >I didn't say anything about pot. I said drug. That's any
               | illicit drug or controlled substance including
               | prescription misuse.
               | 
               | Pot is still illegal at the federal level where a
               | clearance would be taking place.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | If you are a citizen but your spouse is not a US citizen,
             | does that count as an out? I hard a while ago that having a
             | spouse from China could ruin your chances of getting
             | security clearance, but I'm not sure if naturalizing solves
             | that problem or not.
        
               | CrI0gen wrote:
               | Yes, it will make a huge impact during the investigation
               | and adjudication process. For TS and TS/SCI, even with
               | naturalization the chances for approval will be slim and
               | naturalization likely won't help, especially if they have
               | family in China. For the government, it's all about
               | calculating risk of someones loyalty, character and
               | having things that can be exploited by financial issues
               | (debt is the biggest disqualifier), foreign contacts or
               | family, and anything they'd want to keep secret that
               | could be used for blackmail.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | > debt is the biggest disqualifier
               | 
               | If they have a good candidate and the only problem is
               | debt, they should offer to pay it off. They have no
               | qualms printing billions to save some broken banks.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Someone with lots of debt likely has some aspirations of
               | foreign travel to risky locales, regardless of what they
               | say... so it makes sense why that would be a
               | disqualifier.
        
               | lovich wrote:
               | Why would having a lot of debt make that person have "...
               | some aspirations of foreign travel to risky locales..."?
               | 
               | Plenty of people get into debt just doing normal shit at
               | their homes
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | High risk behaviors correlate... It's not a foolproof
               | assumption, but it probably will be true more than half
               | the time.
        
               | lovich wrote:
               | If we're going to be that ridiculous about risk
               | management but not other ones that , I at least believe,
               | are in the same tier i.e. alcohol abuse, then we might as
               | well go full bore and have the government pay an
               | extremely generous, generational wealth paying position.
               | 
               | That's the only way you're going to get people with self
               | control and willing to live the life of ascetic monks for
               | the duration of time to both learn how to build these
               | systems and then actually build them
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Your first paragraph is incoherent... can you try to
               | write out the actual argument legibly?
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I think they do try to keep people with substance abuse
               | problems from getting clearance. (Unless they are friends
               | with then President or something like that).
        
               | atlgator wrote:
               | I'm not sure how that's relevant. The goal is to assess
               | the individual's susceptibility to coercion. Maintaining
               | safety from kidnapping while traveling can certainly be a
               | concern when you hold a clearance, but simply taking your
               | family on a vacation overseas is not among the high
               | concerns. If you have bad debt where you are drowning
               | financially, or if you have strong foreign ties or
               | connections, or other behavioral risks, they make you
               | susceptible to coercion. Selling secrets to adversaries
               | to repay loan sharks, being extorted using threats
               | against overseas family members, getting drunk or high
               | and divulging secrets, secrets in exchange for drugs,
               | etc.
        
           | mint2 wrote:
           | What's your companies general location? Do you have an office
           | where tech talent wants to work? Location is an important
           | part of a competitive employment offer.
           | 
           | And I highly doubt linear algebra is a day to day requirement
           | for a typical worker. Sounds like a case of expecting
           | chauffeurs to know how to build a drive train from scratch.
        
           | klipklop wrote:
           | > Yes, we pay well.
           | 
           | Let's hear some numbers for junior, mid and senior. I bet
           | they are not great.
        
           | sensanaty wrote:
           | I'm not USAian, but everything you described to me makes the
           | job sound miserable, especially compared to the competition.
           | 
           | The clearance I won't comment on, as I have no clue what it
           | involves. Presumably though, this means randomized drug tests
           | which is IMO a complete violation of privacy. Also, I'm
           | probably wrong but it gives me the impression that despite
           | your reassurance that you aren't building weapons systems, ya
           | kinda are.
           | 
           | And as you said, a part of your company makes weapons. That
           | will automatically cause many people to be disinterested, for
           | better or worse.
           | 
           | > Ghost positions
           | 
           | In my experience, gov't jobs are the _worst_ when it comes to
           | fake job postings that only exist as a cover for internal
           | promos. Might be different in the states, but I doubt it.
           | 
           | > Yes, we are willing to train someone who is motivated. We
           | won't re-teach linear algebra...
           | 
           | Wait, so will you train them or not? You won't refresh
           | someone on linear algebra which most people haven't touched
           | since their uni days, but you'll put a technical writer
           | through university to become an engineer? Which one is it?
           | Then later on you say the algebra thing is a hard
           | requirement. How do these statements make sense together?
           | 
           | > Can't work remotely
           | 
           | This is an automatic disqualifier for many people, for many
           | reasons. I get that you're working with space hardware in
           | clean rooms, but if this means people have to move to the
           | middle of nowhere (or just move, period) and commute for 2
           | hours each way, then you're disqualifying tons of people,
           | when their alternative is a job where they can work remotely
           | with all the benefits that entails. I'd personally rather be
           | dead than be forced to commute ever again.
           | 
           | > We pay well
           | 
           | Define well? Especially with everything else I commented on,
           | is it really "well", if they can join a much less frustrating
           | job and get paid more? Also you sound quite snarky about
           | working at Meta. I'm no fan of FAANG, but if we're talking
           | compensation, I think the snark is unwarranted given the
           | situation.
           | 
           | > We expect programmers to remember linear algebra and have
           | more than the ability to shovel frameworks on top of each
           | other...
           | 
           | Again, snarkiness and derision. A bit of a dumb position to
           | take when you're admitting that the easier job not only pays
           | (dramatically) more, but has better conditions (remote work,
           | no clearance-related BS) as well.
           | 
           | No wonder you can't find qualified individuals, your comment
           | alone makes it sound like a miserable job where you're
           | working for bean counters that want to inspect the cloudiness
           | of your piss while forcing you to waste half your life
           | driving to the office and back without extra compensation,
           | while they get to see other, less skilled engineers "glue
           | frameworks together" for double the pay and quadruple the
           | happiness. And I find it rich to comment on advertisers when
           | your company makes weapons that _literally kill people_.
           | Something about reaper missiles and glass houses comes to
           | mind here.
        
           | beambot wrote:
           | > Yes, we pay well.
           | 
           | Prove it. What city are you in, and what is total comp for
           | software engineer & hardware engineer with 20 years of
           | experience?
           | 
           | I worked in national defense. It was a pain in the ass: shit
           | pay, worst politics, massive tolerance for incompetence &
           | mediocrity, meeting hell, and secrecy (necessary, but "need
           | to know" gatekeeping wasnt at times).
        
             | SauciestGNU wrote:
             | Why would I work in person for less money when I can work
             | remote? For in person work on critical applications like
             | satellites, I'd expect (spitballing here) a staff eng to be
             | making 300k base with substantial bonus/espp on top.
             | Consider that most midsize tech companies are going to pay
             | staff level 200k or above and ask how the company in
             | question compares, before pricing in the crushing
             | inflexibility of in person work.
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | > I'd expect (spitballing here) a staff eng to be making
               | 300k base with substantial bonus/espp on top
               | 
               | This is a fairytale in DoD work and while I think there's
               | room for us to improve our compensation I'm not sure this
               | is a reasonable number at the moment. Please don't flame
               | me for this, just sharing my opinion. I work on a
               | critical DoD new-work project.
               | 
               | The only way to achieve that number in this sector would
               | be private consulting with a very strong network. I will
               | say that it's a very easy world to network in, at least
               | in my experience. I also find the work and location I'm
               | in very meaningful and interesting compared to most of
               | the private sector work accessible to me at this point in
               | my career.
               | 
               | I don't think as many people love remote work as HN
               | suggests. We have an extremely flexible hybrid and PTO
               | policy here, and we're in a great midsize city that
               | people love living in.
               | 
               | This is just a random jumble of thoughts in response.
               | Cheers
        
               | SauciestGNU wrote:
               | I appreciate your insider perspective and insight here. I
               | realize that most industries don't pay their engineers
               | like tech companies do. I just wish that we as workers
               | instead of accepting less would instead agitate for
               | better wages across the board. I previously left a very
               | engaging pharmaceutical research job to work in finance
               | because the money I was leaving on the table got to be
               | too much for me to justify, regardless of how much I
               | enjoyed the work.
        
             | diob wrote:
             | Yeah, it just sounds like the ole "no one wants to work
             | anymore" line when really it's you're not paying enough.
        
               | m00x wrote:
               | We pay $400-700k for L4-L6 and we have a hard time
               | finding qualified candidates.
        
               | ikiris wrote:
               | Then it's not enough. This isn't hard.
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | Your statement is trivially true in terms of market
               | mechanics, but considering that $400k/yr for an
               | individual puts him in the 99th percentile of all income
               | earners in the US, the argument gets a little harder to
               | make.
        
               | caseyohara wrote:
               | I reckon a L4-L6 engineer should be in the 99th
               | percentile of talent and value for US workers so I don't
               | see the problem.
        
               | mrep wrote:
               | "400k" (he/she says they work for a private company so
               | they haven't told us how much of that is actual cash in
               | hand) and also in an unknown location which could be the
               | bay area which in that case, just go work for
               | Google/Meta/Netflix and make that money in cash/RSUs.
        
               | ponow wrote:
               | Define "qualified".
        
               | albrewer wrote:
               | I'll take it. My resume probably doesn't match your
               | qualifications, but hey I'm sure you guys are willing to
               | train people up where they're deficient, right? For that
               | kind of pay, I'd never leave - surely me being a drag on
               | productivity for 6 months while I come up to speed is an
               | acceptable trade, right?
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | Do you work in big tech, high finance, or private equity?
        
           | kennyloginz wrote:
           | Hi, How can I get in touch with your hiring department?
        
           | profsummergig wrote:
           | Curious re: "linear algebra".
           | 
           | What kind of understanding is needed? A basic understanding?
           | It's a vast and unending subject.
           | 
           | And there are well known software apps that do linear algebra
           | these days. Do you folks use a particular software to do it?
           | 
           | Engineering Technician: what does an hour in the life of such
           | work look like?
           | 
           | Thanks.
        
             | touisteur wrote:
             | Later on GP talks about radar, so I'd guess probably at
             | least the basics, convolution, matrix multiplication, and
             | some inverse methods (evd, svd, cholesky...). Not just
             | implementing but understanding what it does, a bit ?
        
           | fn-mote wrote:
           | Wow, I was all ready to look you up in your profile ... until
           | I read all of the follow-up responses.
           | 
           | I knew it was too good to be true.
        
           | teeray wrote:
           | > We won't re-teach linear algebra to a developer applicant
           | 
           | Why not? Isn't this just part of your ramp-up if it's a niche
           | qualification? We re-teach networking to developers who
           | probably forgot it--that's a semester course, easily. If
           | you're not willing to invest in candidates that are 90% of
           | the way there, then you're perpetually going to have
           | difficulty hiring.
        
           | crystal_revenge wrote:
           | > We cannot find qualified applicants.
           | 
           | It's not _just_ that you 're restricted to US Citizens.
           | 
           | You point out all the issues in your post:
           | 
           | > You have to be eligible for a Secret security clearance
           | 
           | So, even though I'm adult and it's legal in my state, I can't
           | smoke weed now and then? Oh and depending on the project may
           | be subject to a polygraph... sounds fun!
           | 
           | > No, we don't make weapons for the military.
           | 
           | Every.. government... defense... contractor has this speech.
           | Why even pretend that you're not in the war business, which
           | ultimately means killing people? Honestly I would be _more_
           | comfortable working for an org that _wasn 't_ afraid to admit
           | what they do. Making moral compromises is not uncommon in
           | tech, and I don't judge people that choose to do so, but I do
           | judge those that _pretend_ that they 're not.
           | 
           | > No, you can't work remotely.
           | 
           | I've worked remotely virtually my entire career, including
           | for the Federal government. You may have a good reason for
           | this requirement, but it absolutely shrinks your pool. You
           | don't even mention location, but I'm guessing it's not in a
           | top city like NYC or SF.
           | 
           | > Yes, we pay well.
           | 
           | And yet you never give a range. Last time I worked for a
           | DARPA contractor, Google (this was the earlier days)
           | basically hired every elite member of the R&D team in a
           | weekend (exaggerating here, but not much) since both the pay
           | and work was drastically better.
           | 
           | > One issue is that we expect programmers to remember linear
           | algebra
           | 
           | Ah great, unjustified ego to boot! I'm sold!
           | 
           | I'm a US Citizen, work in a remote small company doing
           | opensource work largely for the good of the world, likely
           | paid roughly the same, it's nobody's business if I want to
           | smoke weed, and most of the team has a quantitative PhDs (but
           | would blush to mention it) and those that don't could easily
           | _teach_ a course on linear algebra.
           | 
           | I'm just one engineer, but I can't imagine applying at
           | company like you describe. You might have better success
           | hiring qualified applicants if you at least admitted how
           | unattractive such a place is to the many engineers I've work
           | ed with who use linear algebra everyday and tried to find
           | _some_ compromise.
        
           | inamberclad wrote:
           | Ball?
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | > Yes, we pay well.
           | 
           | > No, we don't pay as much as Meta.
           | 
           | Are you saying you pay well as comparing to the local
           | McDonalds? That being said, my guess you can't find
           | "qualified applicants" is because you are putting too many
           | restrictions and paying too little. So you end up with
           | students who will take anything and then you come here to
           | complain about the lack of talent.
        
           | ramrunner0xff wrote:
           | similarly i am in this ridiculous position. I am a security
           | engineer, wanting to work in vulnerability research. Got an
           | EB2-NIW green card due to my skills being valuable for the
           | national interest. Can't even get an interview because all
           | vulnerability researcher positions require TS clearance... I
           | guess i will just have to wait 4 more years for the
           | citizenship, but it's a pity.
        
           | choppaface wrote:
           | > We cannot find qualified applicants.
           | 
           | By chance has your employer posted on HN who's hiring?
        
           | remarkEon wrote:
           | >No, we don't pay as much as Meta.
           | 
           | Ah, well. Nevertheless...
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | A lot of people don't want to have to get a security
           | clearance for a mediocre pay job.
        
           | randmeerkat wrote:
           | > We cannot find qualified applicants.
           | 
           | What's the name of your employer?
        
           | eigendreams wrote:
           | By definition a US Person would not have a visa, since that
           | qualifier only applies to US nationals, permanent residents
           | (which do not need nor have a visa, permanent residents do
           | not apply for admission after status is granted), refugees or
           | asylees.
        
           | RHSeeger wrote:
           | > We won't re-teach linear algebra to a developer applicant
           | but we will pay a tech writer to go to school nights/weekends
           | to get a degree in engineering (me, I did that).
           | 
           | Why? Linear Algebra is certainly something that can be
           | learned faster than a degree in engineering. I expect the
           | average software developer (someone that can understand
           | algorithms) can achieve competency in less than a semester's
           | worth of time. If someone is a good developer, learning
           | specific skills sets for the domain is pretty normal.
        
           | mcmcmc wrote:
           | The hard truth is that too many people can't pass the drug
           | test required for security clearance, and that does narrow
           | your applicant pool.
        
           | llm_trw wrote:
           | >You have to be eligible for a Secret security clearance.
           | 
           | Having had to go through one of those: yeah no shit. Not
           | everyone enjoys a colonoscopy without anesthesia.
           | 
           | >You (even programmers!) have to touch the things we build in
           | order to build them and nobody has an ISO certified clean
           | room in their house.
           | 
           | I do, a keg at any rate, but given that I can't get a
           | security clearance because of the people I hung out to build
           | one - yeah.
        
           | achenet wrote:
           | I'm a programmer, I know linear algebra (I actually have a
           | master's degree in maths). I grew up in Houston, lived there
           | from 1998 to 2010, but never got a citizenship owing to some
           | of my father's medical issues disqualifying us from a green
           | card.
           | 
           | If you're willing to sponsor me for a green card and wait
           | five years, and you're located in a city I'd actually like to
           | live, I might come work for you :)
        
           | mr_toad wrote:
           | > programmers to remember linear algebra
           | 
           | Programmers who know linear algebra probably also know basic
           | calculus & stats, so now you're competing with companies
           | hiring ML engineers.
        
           | briandear wrote:
           | If you doubled the pay you'd probably have more applicants
           | than you could ever hope for. And why don't you pay as much
           | as Meta? The defense industrial complex can pay retired
           | generals massive salaries to sit on boards, they can hire the
           | most expensive lobbyists on the Hill. The defense department
           | specifically can't even pass an audit. They have so much
           | money going out that they can't even count it. And let's take
           | Raytheon for example, have you seen the operating margins?
           | They're huge. So even with these "critical shortages,"
           | somehow they are immensely profitable. If shortages are
           | affecting those margins, then there should be plenty of money
           | to pay "critical" people more. Revenue per employee at
           | Raytheon for example is almost $420,000. For typical
           | manufacturing companies, a "good" number is $300,000. So a
           | "critical" employee is worth a lot more than they're being
           | paid and there are probably a lot of employees that are dead
           | weight and keeping them around means less money to pay the
           | shortage areas.
           | 
           | I once applied to work a government project for a
           | subcontractor and they were adding "headcount" simply because
           | the terms of the subcontract required a specific number of
           | people regardless of the amount of work required. They were
           | essentially hiring people to do almost nothing. I spent over
           | 3 months waiting for a response. Apparently their critical
           | shortage wasn't that critical because the hiring process was
           | so long and convoluted and subject to "contract renewals,"
           | that I simply gave up and went to work for someone else.
           | 
           | I could go on for days about the extreme waste and oftentimes
           | outright fraud that happens in government contracting,
           | subcontracting, and sub-sub contracting. And despite formerly
           | having a TS/SCI clearance, any job in the "McLean Area," pays
           | less than most startups. And jobs in places like Huntsville
           | pay even less. Even overseas work in "austere" environments
           | pays less than a junior developer at Stripe. And you don't
           | get potentially shot at at Stripe -- And I don't have to work
           | 100 levels deep for contractors or contractors of contractors
           | on site using often circa 1996 development practices and
           | lowest-bidder equipment managed by IT departments that seem
           | to be led by dinosaurs and it can take weeks or months to
           | simply requisition a dev server even within an unclassified
           | cloud environment.
           | 
           | Why to do that for salaries/benefits that are lower than I
           | could get as a janitor at Netflix?
           | 
           | Make the workplace/work environment and benefits compelling
           | and you'll get more applicants. Small startups literally have
           | better benefits. You also don't have to endure a Tier 5
           | investigation -- the outcome of which entitles you to a job
           | that pays so little comparatively.
        
           | hilux wrote:
           | > No "US Persons" (visa holders) or foreigners allowed.
           | 
           | FYI, a "US person" means a US citizen or a Permanent
           | Resident.
        
           | ponow wrote:
           | Define competence. What fraction of graduates in EE and CS
           | from top 50 schools would you regard as competent?
        
           | newsclues wrote:
           | Have you tried recruiting people in school in mathematics
           | programs?
           | 
           | You've repeatedly mentioned being unwilling to train linear
           | algebra skills, but will train other things, so go recruit
           | math nerds.
        
           | grumple wrote:
           | What you're saying just doesn't jive with the experience devs
           | have when applying for jobs. You hear horror stories about
           | juniors applying for hundreds of jobs. They are absolutely
           | qualified for entry level work - they have CS degrees.
           | 
           | I have experienced applying for dozens, including those
           | posted to HN: most won't respond at all. Maybe months later
           | you'll get an auto-reject message. Or you'll go through
           | several interviews not to be selected, even while passing
           | technical assessments. My colleagues and friends have similar
           | experiences.
        
           | miningape wrote:
           | > ISO certified clean room in their house
           | 
           | Well it's not ISO certified, and its more of a box than a
           | room. But yes I do actually have access to a sterile (not
           | sanitised) environment at home.
           | 
           | I can't work for you on account of my SA citizenship though.
           | It looks like my only option to get that kind of clearance is
           | to start my own company.
        
           | greentxt wrote:
           | Look, by "won't reteach" you give it away. Those who are not
           | rusty in linear algebra will tend to be recent grads, younger
           | people who are probably not looking for a boring defense job
           | with no remote somewhere in Alabama. Those jobs appeal to
           | people who may have had enough time to forget how to
           | implement a SVD without googling.
        
             | Jcampuzano2 wrote:
             | Alternatively the developers who do remember and use linear
             | algebra many years into their career or even more advanced
             | math/numerical methods and are also interested in using it
             | are in higher demand than ever before due to the explosion
             | of ML/AI, and thus can command a much higher salary.
             | 
             | The simple answer is always they simply don't pay enough to
             | attract the people with this skillset. If they paid as much
             | as Meta (who they used as an example) they would certainly
             | have way less issues with hiring.
        
               | greentxt wrote:
               | On the latter point I agree completely, on the former--
               | demand for mid-late career quant types, I want to agree
               | but also think we'll need to wait and see because current
               | AI will lower a lot of bars, and as you acknowledge it's
               | all about money ultimately.
        
           | rgbrenner wrote:
           | _We cannot find qualified applicants. ... [a bunch of
           | requirements] ... No, we don 't pay as much as Meta. ...
           | [some more requirements]_
           | 
           | The shortage on $5000 ferarris continues as well.
        
             | DiggyJohnson wrote:
             | I work in the space. You are massively understating the
             | difficulty of finding candidates willing to get a security
             | clearance, and the cost to the company of sponsoring those
             | clearances. It's not as simple as the compensation number
             | alone.
        
               | sneed_chucker wrote:
               | Yeah, no surprise. Getting a clearance sucks.
               | 
               | It takes forever and you're subjected to very intrusive
               | scrutiny as well as potentially psychological tomfoolery
               | like polygraphs.
               | 
               | Why would a qualified individual subject themselves to
               | that unless they have no other option.
               | 
               | There's a reason clearance jobs have a reputation as
               | make-work for ex service members.
        
               | GenerWork wrote:
               | >You are massively understating the difficulty of finding
               | candidates willing to get a security clearance, and the
               | cost to the company of sponsoring those clearances.
               | 
               | I find this hard to believe. I'd totally get a security
               | clearance, but no company seemingly offers it, they only
               | want people who have a pre-existing clearance.
        
               | rgbrenner wrote:
               | sounds like you have a requirement that filters out a lot
               | of people. typically when things get rarer they get more
               | expensive.
        
           | antonvs wrote:
           | Since more skilled immigration can't solve the requirement,
           | what is it you think would help?
           | 
           | > You (even programmers!) have to touch the things we build
           | in order to build them
           | 
           | This sounds like an excuse. You think it's completely
           | impossible to write code for some embedded device, robot,
           | whatever remotely? Hire some cheaper remote hands, set up
           | some telework equipment, voila now you can hire from all over
           | the country.
           | 
           | I did development for a scanning optical microscope, was only
           | once even in the same room with one, and even then never got
           | to touch it.
           | 
           | Of course once that issue is eliminated, the security theater
           | one will be raised next. People might be working from their
           | bed next to a Russian honeypot or whatever. National security
           | types tend to have vivid imaginations in that respect, and
           | have to justify all their rules to themselves. The end
           | result? "We can't find qualified applicants."
           | 
           | Btw I'm technically qualified, and in no way a security risk
           | to the US, but you wouldn't be allowed to hire me. Perhaps
           | the feds should figure out a way of doing security screening
           | for foreign nationals. "Must be a citizen" seems like lazy
           | bureaucratic BS. As if citizens can't be security risks?!
        
           | jfwuasdfs wrote:
           | > Yes, we have extensive high school and college work-
           | study/internships and participants make $72k/yr
           | 
           | This is below COL in many areas. If you increase this to 125k
           | like Bucees then you should be able to draw in more
           | candidates.
        
           | Jcampuzano2 wrote:
           | Without concrete numbers, all of this is worthless. How much
           | do you pay for the roles you have a shortage, and where are
           | you located so it can be compared with the market rate.
           | 
           | If your pay is anywhere below minimum 75th but more
           | realistically 90th percent market rate in your area your
           | answer is obvious and you are just BSing or your employer is
           | gaslighting you to keep pay down.
           | 
           | All the criteria (required security clearance, no
           | opportunities for remote work, knowledge of skills not used
           | very much outside of schooling without allowances for
           | relearning on the job, only US citizens, etc) you listed
           | automatically creates a hurdle to entry that isn't made up
           | for without significantly higher pay than market rate.
        
           | DiggyJohnson wrote:
           | Sounds like we work in similar worlds. I completely agree
           | with your experience. I think its a balanced mixture of
           | compensation and qualified applicants.
        
           | pizzalife wrote:
           | >No "US Persons" (visa holders) or foreigners allowed.
           | 
           | You are not a US person as a visa holder. You are however a
           | US person if you have permanent residency (green card).
        
           | sir0010010 wrote:
           | Hello! Say a developer applied with ~10 years experience
           | without a technical or quantitative degree but have self
           | studied and feel they have a solid understanding of linear
           | algebra using textbooks and online resources such as the
           | Strang course from Opencourseware - would you still interview
           | someone in this situation?
        
           | 0xffff2 wrote:
           | > No, you can't work remotely. You (even programmers!) have
           | to touch the things we build in order to build them and
           | nobody has an ISO certified clean room in their house.
           | 
           | This is just plain wrong. I'm wrapping up on a project where
           | I wrote significant chunks of the flight software for a moon
           | rover while being 99% remote. If you're requiring software
           | engineers to be onsite regularly for non-cleared work, your
           | process sucks, no exceptions.
           | 
           | ETA: By the way, I personally only went fully remote due to
           | covid (although I moved away from the office and have no
           | plans to return), but some of my coworkers have been remote
           | for well over a decade, and this is a government agency. I've
           | seen _way_ better setups in private industry.
        
           | rurp wrote:
           | As a counterpoint I've been involved with several companies
           | in recent years that did not have a particularly difficult
           | time hiring similar candidates. The only clear difference was
           | that these jobs were remote friendly.
           | 
           | It's impossible to say for sure from the outside but a few
           | factors that might be making it difficult for you to hire:
           | 
           | - A lot of tech workers value remote work these days.
           | 
           | - You aren't based in a location with a large enough talent
           | pool for the work you do.
           | 
           | - Your company doesn't pay as well as you think, or has other
           | details that turn off some potential applicants.
           | 
           | - It could be variance. There's a lot of randomness in the
           | job market.
        
         | thephyber wrote:
         | Then you should support this rule change:
         | 
         | > Finally, the rule strengthens program integrity by codifying
         | USCIS' authority to conduct inspections and impose penalties
         | for failure to comply; requiring that the employer must
         | establish that it has a bona fide position in a specialty
         | occupation available for the worker as of the requested start
         | date; clarifies that the Labor Condition Application must
         | support and properly correspond with the H-1B petition; and
         | requires that the petitioner have a legal presence and be
         | subject to legal processes in court in the United States.
        
         | booleandilemma wrote:
         | H-1B is a scam for hiring Indian developers who then become
         | beholden to the companies they work for. That's it.
        
           | dosinga wrote:
           | ah yes, like the CEOs of Google and Microsoft
        
           | meme3 wrote:
           | I'm just an outside observer but I would say it's probably
           | not _all_ a scam. Most of it absolutely is though.
           | 
           | Generally I just see a lot of unfocused writing in this
           | thread. Even the reply to your post is an attempt to muddy
           | the waters with some ambiguous statement. I guess this is a
           | community of developers and we tend to have difficulty with
           | politics and the real world :-)
        
           | heeen2 wrote:
           | There may be many Indians, but when I was on h1b me and my
           | colleagues were from Germany, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine,
           | Brazil, India. All of those moved on to other companies, even
           | multiple times and/or went through the green card process.
           | 
           | The salary I got was ok for bay area standards, certainly not
           | rockstar level but would make jaws drop in Germany. For me it
           | was an amazing opportunity and I would recommend it to anyone
           | to do for a while.
        
         | ivalm wrote:
         | We don't support h1b, of the last 3000 applicants we had only 1
         | was qualified. It's super hard to hire strong swe.
        
           | JSteph22 wrote:
           | What kind of salaries are you offering though...
        
             | ivalm wrote:
             | We are seed stage startup, we post salary range 130-180k +
             | competitive equity for mid to senior level fully remote.
        
           | gedy wrote:
           | 3000 applicants we had only 1 was qualified
           | 
           | Not snarking, but you either have a needlessly arbitrary bar,
           | or you've left the applicant pool up to people unqualified to
           | gather applicants (non technical young HR, etc)
        
             | bfung wrote:
             | Na, the 3000 sounds the like normal flood of LinkedIn type
             | apply now button presses.
             | 
             | The real number for them is probably the next few parts of
             | the hiring pipeline after those resumes are scanned and
             | filtered.
        
             | ivalm wrote:
             | It's LinkedIn jobs board + HN who is hiring. Everyone who
             | applies tends to have some development experience. We
             | interviewed maybe 30 best resumes out of the 3k applicants.
             | Lots of people fail relatively basic python or typescript
             | coding challenge, a few fail basic "designs an api" round.
             | We did filter a few people in culture match but thats rare,
             | most fail the technical rounds.
        
               | arp242 wrote:
               | Many competent developers are horrible at these live
               | coding challenges. I suspect at least some people just
               | "failed" out of anxiousness.
               | 
               | That said, it's certainly true there's lots of spam in
               | job applications.
        
               | sensanaty wrote:
               | This will be my eternal curse :(
               | 
               | During the actual job I've never once had issues of any
               | kind, but my brain just shuts down in interview
               | environments. I'll forget the simplest of things that I
               | do literally daily, and it all just ends up spiraling out
               | of control from there. It's like there's 2 people in my
               | brain, the regular, competent me, and then interview me
               | who's a bumbling buffoon that I myself wouldn't hire.
               | It's not even a pressure thing, I do fine in high stress
               | environments, it's just specifically during interviews
               | where things go wrong.
        
               | mavelikara wrote:
               | I hear you. I was that person once. I was able to
               | overcome this with deliberate practice. When I was doing
               | that, ~20 years ago, this problem was far less
               | understood. But these days, there are many more resources
               | to help you. Best wishes!
        
           | 01100011 wrote:
           | Yep. We pay a lot. We are a company you've heard of and we're
           | doing well. For our systems engineering roles, we've had a
           | hell of a time finding good people. Plenty of interviews with
           | folks who turn out not to know basic C programming or systems
           | level algorithms.
           | 
           | It seems like systems level programmers are either firmly
           | employed somewhere else or have switch roles to an easier
           | domain. I know I've considered going back to Python
           | programming where I can make the same money with a lot less
           | work.
        
             | mianos wrote:
             | Where "turn out not to know basic C programming or systems
             | level algorithms" is failing some leetcode puzzle they have
             | not touched in the last 20 years while they have been full
             | time writing C and C++? So hell of a time not finding your
             | definition of 'good people' would be kinda expected.
        
               | 01100011 wrote:
               | No it's more like failing to understand how to implement
               | a basic memory allocator which is a very relevant task
               | for a systems engineer.
        
               | hackable_sand wrote:
               | I seriously doubt you and ivalm are having a hard time
               | finding SWEs capable of memory management in C.
               | 
               | Something is terribly wrong with your hiring practices.
               | You just need to admit it's a "you" problem.
        
         | sciencesama wrote:
         | Well they charge you more ! Us is famous for not hiring
         | programmers aged above 50 cuz they are expensive !!
        
         | CoastalCoder wrote:
         | I used to work for the U.S. Naval Undersea Warfare Centers, and
         | it was a pretty good experience.
         | 
         | U.S. citizens (and perhaps some dual-citizens) might want to
         | look into such places (Navy warfare centers, NRL, ARL, etc.)
         | 
         | TL;DR:
         | 
         | The top starting pay is about $150k IIRC, which I'm told is
         | somewhat below what a well-funded defense contractor will pay
         | for really good people.
         | 
         | But I worked with some great people, the work was interesting,
         | and it was located in a medium-cost-of-living area.
         | 
         | I left because of the siren call of the startup scene, and
         | frustration with some bureaucratic stuff. But in retrospect I
         | actually liked working there the best.
        
         | tshaddox wrote:
         | But it also doesn't jibe with the reported difficulty US tech
         | companies experience trying to hire US developers.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | Sorry, on what planet are we onshoring H-1B work? What company
         | can manage the H-1B process but can't remote to Ukraine or
         | Colombia? Or capitalise their dev expense, inefficiently,
         | granted, with AI?
         | 
         | In a post-remote world these jobs aren't competing with on-
         | shore labor. This is a populist pitch in the mould of iron work
         | to Pennsylvania.
        
           | GoToRO wrote:
           | The companies that do RTO. Logically, you are right but this
           | is not how those CEOs operate.
        
           | danans wrote:
           | > What company can manage the H-1B process but can't remote
           | to Ukraine or Colombia? Or capitalise their dev expense,
           | inefficiently, granted, with AI?
           | 
           | All of those are also happening, plus H1-B competition.
           | Offshoring to low-cost countries is more common for
           | maintenance work, or work that is not core to the business or
           | its product innovation.
           | 
           | H1-B workers are often very good at what they do, every bit
           | as good as permanent resident workers, which is precisely why
           | they are competition for permanent resident workers, whether
           | in office or remote.
        
         | aprilthird2021 wrote:
         | It's definitely more than 5-10% if you just include FAANG who
         | pay far higher than most average US citizen devs make in salary
         | to both H1Bs and citizen devs.
        
         | sciencesama wrote:
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/economicCollapse/comments/1hgghdb/f...
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | Here's a reform I'd like to see: if you've had layoffs in the
         | last 24 months, you as an employer are ineligible to apply for
         | or sponsor or hire an H-1B visa holder for any similar position
         | and "similar" here is broad.
         | 
         | Big Tech, for example, treats SWEs as largely interchangeable.
         | Make a SWE redundant and you can't hire another SWE--anywhere
         | in the country--who is a visa holder for 24 months.
         | 
         | You can buy your way out of this by paying any redundant SWE 3
         | years of salary and benefits.
         | 
         | Let's see how necessary layoffs really are.
        
           | sgerenser wrote:
           | This sounds good in theory, but I suspect it would cause
           | companies to mostly switch from layoffs to aggressive
           | performance management (i.e. firing for "poor performance",
           | stack ranking, etc.)
        
         | rayiner wrote:
         | It's a scam. It's the same thing as "we'd pay $8 for avocados
         | if it wasn't for illegal immigrants" with flowery language.
        
         | onetimeusename wrote:
         | They are required to by law but I saw something odd once. My
         | company published the job they wanted an immigrant to fill in
         | some weird printed newspaper that I doubt had much readership
         | if any so obviously they got no offers. Then they take that and
         | say they couldn't find a citizen for the role so they had to
         | get an immigrant. I still question if maybe I missed something
         | because if what I saw is true, it really breaks the spirit of
         | the law. Obviously HR and managers handled it all and they
         | don't tell me details like that but I found out about it later
         | when I witnessed a form sent to the Dept. of Labor for someone
         | I knew.
        
           | Bjorkbat wrote:
           | That's pretty common and not actually limited to H1-Bs
           | 
           | I know universities will do this with certain open positions
           | where they already have a candidate in mind but are required
           | to advertise an opening, can't remember the specifics why
           | though. Same with RFPs.
           | 
           | Really easy system to defeat.
        
           | bubblethink wrote:
           | What you are talking about is PERM. That's a requirement that
           | the department of labor has established. When you want to
           | hire an immigrant permanently, DOL requires that you take out
           | an ad in a Sunday newspaper. It benefits the lawyers and the
           | government greatly as this is a good source of revenue for
           | both of them. As far as the actual job goes, that job was
           | never open. The person is already working for the company on
           | a visa. DOL just makes them do this dog and pony show before
           | they can hire them permanently. These regulations are a few
           | decades old and were never updated.
        
             | shitlord wrote:
             | I wonder why US citizens aren't regularly exploiting this.
             | Subscribe to the newspaper, apply to the job, and sue the
             | company when they ignore you.
        
               | tiznow wrote:
               | No expert on this, but in my estimation the nature of the
               | law and process makes it hard to sue unless you're a one-
               | to-one match with the job posting or invented part of the
               | tech stack being used. Companies across various
               | industries pass up on qualified people every day.
        
               | thomasjb wrote:
               | Yeah, a fun side project would be republishing the advert
               | information somewhere devs could set up alerts
        
               | pandaman wrote:
               | There are other precautions: the job application has to
               | be mailed to a physical address and can easily get
               | "lost", the requirements for the position are numerous
               | and peculiar (the #1 in the old times used to be fluency
               | in a foreign language, but DOL/USCIS eventually got tired
               | of that one, still, since the requirements are for a
               | particular person, it can be any random mix of skills,
               | all of which are hard requirements), and the interview
               | process itself is not designed to pass anyone as the
               | person, on whose behalf the PERM is being filed, won't be
               | interviewing. One would be spending time much more
               | productively applying to real vacancies. The only winning
               | play here is to go through the process and sue the
               | company to get some pain and suffering judgment, which I
               | have not heard being successfully done (but I don't
               | really follow this closely so I could be just ignorant).
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | Developers aren't fungible, and are hard to hire. Try getting a
         | bunch of people to sling some boring Java or mainframe code.
         | They don't exist.
         | 
         | The trap with the older worker is a guy wants $250k, but will
         | perform at the level of a $75/hr body shop guy. Skills don't
         | align - that's always the risk of engineering.
        
           | vaxman wrote:
           | Haha, you're so wrong, Spooky23. Older workers love doing
           | "boring" work that younger workers do not enjoy. What's more,
           | a 1337 definition of "senior level" that I used back in the
           | day was the ability to walk into a project and not have the
           | urge to begin rewriting everything, something virtually every
           | non-senior level worker (and many senior idiots) may have the
           | urge to do. Here in the (dystopian) future (from my
           | perspective), you can go on YouTube to watch a video about
           | "How to write the clean code, by Uncle Bob" (cringe) and "My
           | life as a Senior level Dev" (uber cringe). Please make a note
           | of it.
           | 
           | While here, adding that we need Executive action to ban H1B
           | workers and tariff BPOs at 250% from countries that have not
           | ratified the nuclear non-proliferation treaty. I speculate
           | that even Elon Musk Actual will approve of this restriction.
           | 
           | Lastly, to avoid posting a response to another comment, going
           | to mention that there is nothing quite like having a head-
           | hunter with an accent that sounds roughly like he is talking
           | with a rotary egg-beater jammed into his mouth call you up
           | and ask you a series of disqualification questions for a
           | position that he already has sourced from offshores labor
           | pool (so as to check the box that he personally certifies
           | there are no American workers qualified for the work). Their
           | customer doesn't want to know how the sausage is made, they
           | just want cheap bodies for unimportant low-level work and
           | this is what it takes under the current Law. I actually have
           | a friend who was paid very well to let an H1B follow him
           | around for several months learning his job before he was let
           | go and lost his home, wife and wound up moving in with his
           | parents. He went to the US Government to complain and ended
           | up at Google for a while before moving on to a Unicorn.
           | 
           | If the H1B have side-hustles like starting Zoom, doing what
           | Satya did, or their spouses create incredible non-tech
           | businesses, that's really great..but what about all the
           | American peeps (AND THEIR KIDS) that were jipped out of that
           | opportunity by lax enforcement of America's laws, only to
           | ultimately hear "See, we need to keep letting so many H1B
           | people and their criminal recruiters warehouse them in
           | apartments and work for dog food because so many of them have
           | gone on to create such tremendous economic activity for
           | America" (ie, a self-fulfilling prophecy).
        
           | heartbreak wrote:
           | > The trap with the older worker is a guy wants $250k, but
           | will perform at the level of a $75/hr body shop guy.
           | 
           | Casual ageism as if it won't be you one day
        
             | ta_1138 wrote:
             | It's not a matter of age itself, but variance and
             | experience. You can find the issue already at 5 years: Some
             | people have grown and have used those years wisely, while
             | others still are going to get experience raises, while they
             | don't bring the improved performance.
        
           | commandlinefan wrote:
           | > wants $250k, but will perform at the level of a $75/hr
           | 
           | So... literally what we've been saying about the H1B visa
           | program for decades? That Americans _are_ available with the
           | skillset you need, but not willing to work for the wages
           | you're offering, so you bring somebody from overseas, which
           | is actually illegal per the H1B rules that never get
           | enforced?
        
         | stego-tech wrote:
         | My sentiments exactly. The visa is highly exploitative by
         | design, so it selects cheap labor from abroad at the expense of
         | workers at home. Any posturing by employers claiming they can't
         | find qualified domestic applicants or governments claiming
         | they're protecting workers is hogwash.
         | 
         | If we really valued this foreign labor, we'd make permanent
         | residency a requirement of the visa rather than block it. Of
         | course, if we offered immigrants permanent residency status
         | then companies would have to pay them substantially more, which
         | is the whole point of the H1B.
        
         | baby wrote:
         | Yes. I got my internship in Chicago (J1), later failed the H-1B
         | because of the lottery (twice) so had to leave, spent a year
         | and half in England and managed to get back on a Greencard. Now
         | I have citizenship. I created a startup also.
         | 
         | Now, was I essential to the US? Probably not. They probably
         | could have found someone else.
         | 
         | I'm not sure if that's good enough to say I should not have
         | been accepted here.
        
         | m00x wrote:
         | I do coding interviews 2-3x/week for a private, but large
         | company.
         | 
         | We do not lack candidates, but we lack qualified candidates.
         | Most people that I interview have no clue how software actually
         | works. Most are leetcode monkeys or just really awful.
         | 
         | We mostly hire seniors because of the industry we're in, but
         | we've started hiring interns and juniors due to the lack of
         | decent candidates.
         | 
         | We'd love to hire US candidates, but there's just a huge lack.
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | If this true, why doesn't FAANG have the same problems? I
           | noticed that your post did not discuss any of the negatives
           | about your company or its offers. When I have struggled in
           | the past to hire, it is always because my company or its
           | offers were pathetic. Pretty simple. If your company or
           | offers are weak, then your candidate pipeline will (likely)
           | be weak.
        
           | ponector wrote:
           | Decent candidates have more opportunities. Decent candidates
           | have already a decent job. Why should they apply to your
           | company?
        
           | alecco wrote:
           | The majority look for leetcode monkeys more than experience.
           | I gave up applying because of that.
        
           | mrep wrote:
           | From your other comment, you pay $400-700k for L4-L6.
           | 
           | Since your company is private what percent of that is liquid
           | (cash or RSUs you can immediately sell for cash). Also, what
           | locations are you hiring in?
           | 
           | Cause, if you are asking me to move to the outrageous housing
           | market that is the bay area only to make half my money in
           | shitty stock options that might not evaluate to anything,
           | than I think I found your problem.
        
         | Aleksdev wrote:
         | Yes, I don't understand this either. Nowadays you have to be a
         | senior just to get an entry level position in the USA. There
         | are plenty of mid level developers that are struggling to find
         | a job.
         | 
         | I guess it will be interesting times ahead. I recommend
         | everyone to keep their skills sharp!
        
         | phendrenad2 wrote:
         | Friend of mine worked for a Fortune 500 company that was
         | playing an interesting game: They would open a job req with a
         | narrow set of qualifications. If a US citizen showed up and
         | matched the qualifications, they would hire them, then
         | eliminate their position 6 months later. But then they'd
         | slightly change the job qualifications to exclude that person,
         | and try again. (It seemed like it was part of some lobbying
         | effort to say "Look how many job openings we can't fill!")
        
         | thumbsup-_- wrote:
         | There are plenty of software engineers but many of them may not
         | be qualified for the currently open jobs. So, yes, there are
         | open jobs and there are unhired americans but programs like
         | H1-b make even more highly talented pool of people available
         | which in turn increases innovation and productivity in economy.
         | 
         | So, it's not just a plain numbers game, it's more about
         | innovation, productivity, talent pools and of course,
         | capitalism.
        
         | bigmattystyles wrote:
         | You get top talent from abroad compared to an average citizen;
         | seen through that lens, is a good thing.
        
         | steelframe wrote:
         | > where the hiring company has even looked for US applicants
         | 
         | I've worked at a company where >90% of the technical interviews
         | I conducted were H1-B hires. It makes perfect sense for a tech
         | company to bias the applicant deck in this way for a few
         | reasons. They're willing to accept a lower comp package. Once
         | they're onboard, they will generally keep their head down, do
         | whatever they're asked to do, and accept whatever working
         | conditions they get without complaining. That said, I've known
         | several brilliant H1-B workers. However I've noticed that they
         | rarely stick their neck out and challenge the status quo, which
         | can lead to bad ideas receiving unquestioning and persistent
         | efforts to implement in spite of the writing being on the wall
         | about that project's inevitable demise.
         | 
         | I've worked at companies that hire primarily non-H1-B workers,
         | and I can tell you that the amount of complaining about working
         | conditions in particular at those companies was a couple of
         | orders of magnitude more raucous. The end result of a
         | complacent workforce was a soulless office with ubiquitous
         | infrared sensors, no available meeting spaces, a microkitchen
         | stocked with a pittance of moldy food, and with floating
         | workstations where the equipment was chronically broken or
         | missing.
        
         | danielktdoranie wrote:
         | Exactly, it's creaper to fire foriegn workers as they will work
         | for much less. It's a racket. I hope the Trump adminstration
         | cracks down on this. Employers need to prove there's no
         | available and qualified applicant beofore the H-1B is approved.
         | They also need to prove they are paying the same to a domestic
         | applicant as they would a foreign candidate.
        
         | joshfraser wrote:
         | There is no one over 40 playing in the NBA. Is that due to age
         | discrimination as well?
        
         | sotix wrote:
         | It certainly stinks as a software engineer laid off in January
         | who has struggled to find work. The hiring bar is too high at
         | every company. They're actively looking for reasons to
         | eliminate you rather than reasons to pass you. That mindset
         | leads to an overly cynical evaluation. I find it crazy to be
         | rejected before an initial screening at a company I've been
         | referred to, yet it has happened a few times.
         | 
         | At this point I feel like I'm relying entirely on luck and
         | hoping for someone to pay it forward by "taking a chance" on me
         | even though I feel perfectly capable. Surely there's a single
         | company that I could work out for despite not having 5 years of
         | experience.
        
       | FL33TW00D wrote:
       | Surprised by all the negativity here.
       | 
       | The USA benefits enormously from skilled immigration: "doubling
       | the size of the US H1B visa program increases US and EU growth by
       | 4% in the long-run"
       | 
       | From a recent paper here: https://academic.oup.com/qje/advance-
       | article-abstract/doi/10...
        
         | tokioyoyo wrote:
         | It's a slowdown in tech recruitment, so it is fair for citizens
         | to think for themselves first. There are quite a lot of
         | candidates that can fulfill most of the roles, and it has bad
         | optics when the government tries to prioritize others.
         | 
         | Disclaimer: I don't live in the states, but I can understand
         | the frustration.
        
           | ponty_rick wrote:
           | That would work in the short term. In the long term, jobs
           | would leave the USA so companies won't have to deal with
           | immigration uncertainties.
        
             | tokioyoyo wrote:
             | Doesn't really matter. People won't care about long term
             | consequences if they're experiencing hardships right now.
             | It's easy to say this when we have jobs, but if I didn't
             | have one, I would never want my government to prioritize
             | others.
        
           | hx8 wrote:
           | Tech isn't a zero sum game, it's a growth market. If some
           | H-1B talent helps grow a company faster, then they can
           | increase their own citizen employee count faster.
        
             | simoncion wrote:
             | > ...it's a growth market.
             | 
             | Not when it's in fashion to perform large traditional
             | layoffs and "stealth" layoffs via RTO mandates and other
             | unpleasantness.
             | 
             | Maybe things will substantially change within a year or
             | two, but I'm skeptical.
        
             | tokioyoyo wrote:
             | That tracks only when it's not taking 6+ months to find a
             | stable job. It's not really a growth market right now, and
             | anyone who is on the hiring end/looking for a job can
             | attest.
        
         | punksatoni wrote:
         | You have to first answer why few locals outside Stanford-
         | Berkeley-MIT-CMU are hired out of school. Is it because all
         | non-top-4 schools under prepare students? Is it before foreign
         | workers are that much better? Or is it because companies are
         | looking for underpaid workers they can abuse and keep in a
         | state of limbo?
         | 
         | If CS degrees from non-top-4 schools are not valuable, best to
         | get that out so US students are not studying useless degrees.
        
           | doug_durham wrote:
           | That's simply not true. You have no data to back that cynical
           | view.
        
           | titanomachy wrote:
           | At the moment, at least in the trillion-dollar web companies,
           | it seems not many people are being hired straight out of
           | school at all. A new grad would have to really stand out to
           | get hired in a field of experienced candidates. The potential
           | cost savings of hiring a new grad doesn't seem to matter much
           | to these companies.
           | 
           | In the past, I've seen a lot of new-grad hires from the top
           | 30 or so schools, but not so many from the top 5. More likely
           | Michigan, Maryland, or Washington than Stanford or MIT (I'm
           | on the West Coast). Pandemic-era Stripe was an exception,
           | they seemed to hire _only_ top 5, but they were also offering
           | outrageous pay at that time.
           | 
           | Someone graduating from a school not in the top 30 probably
           | needs to adjust their expectations away from Google or Meta,
           | at least for a first job, unless they have good connections
           | and interview very well.
           | 
           | Back to your original point though, I think it's plausible
           | that most schools not in the top 30 (charitably, top 50) are
           | actually incapable of some combination of (1) attracting
           | sufficiently smart and motivated students and (2) educating
           | them adequately.
        
         | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
         | This is the bit that I've always found confusing. When it comes
         | to blue collar jobs, people in the upper echelons will gladly
         | advocate the wonders of millions of people entering the job
         | market to compete with Americans.
         | 
         | But as soon as it's their own market that introduces additional
         | competition, they will advocate "just pay people more, the job
         | seekers exist, just not at the wages employers are offering,
         | this extra competition only depresses American wages".
         | 
         | Which one is it? Is it "competition for other classes, no
         | competition for my class please"?
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | There are many, many blue collar jobs which Americans don't
           | want to do at the prevailing wages (or at all). Agriculture
           | is a prime example of this.
           | 
           | There are relatively few high skilled, high paying jobs which
           | Americans don't want to do.
        
             | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
             | Again, why is the answer in agriculture to simply not
             | increase wages? Someone's willing to pick berries for
             | $100/h I'm sure. Does it make berries unsustainable as a
             | business? Likely, but isn't that an argument for moving
             | away from industries that can only survive on exploitation
             | of undocumented third world labor?
        
               | JackYoustra wrote:
               | Ah, the argument is following it: the berries will still
               | be picked in other countries for substantially lower
               | wages and worse conditions than the wages or conditions
               | (partially) of undocumented workers here. Even our worst
               | jobs are substantially better (usually ~3x) than the
               | average job of many countries, to say nothing about the
               | huge gulf in security and institutions you get form
               | living here.
        
               | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
               | That's also the argument that Bryan Caplan has been
               | making for years in favor of open borders. I genuinely
               | don't know what to make of it, I get the moral argument
               | within it.
        
               | JackYoustra wrote:
               | Yes! what's the part you have trouble with?
        
             | JSteph22 wrote:
             | >at the prevailing wages...
             | 
             | ...which are where they are in no small part due to decades
             | of immigration policy.
        
             | superq wrote:
             | It's basic economics: wages are low because cheaper labor
             | is available.
             | 
             | For instance, if working on an Alaskan fishing boat pays
             | $2,000 a week, you might take the job despite harsh
             | conditions. At $200 a week? Unlikely. But for someone from
             | a less-developed country, $200 might feel like $2,000.
             | 
             | Remove the supply of lower-cost workers, and the resulting
             | labor shortage drives wages up, seeking equilibrium in the
             | market.
        
         | n144q wrote:
         | I am not surprised.
         | 
         | People don't like the fact that they actually need to be
         | competitive in skills to get a job. Had there been no H-1Bs,
         | they could submit a resume and immediately get a job offer!
         | 
         | No joke. I look around in my company, Indians and Chinese
         | (among others) are good at their jobs and do amazing work.
         | 
         | Some people just don't like that. They blame not being able to
         | get a good job offer on Indians taking away the opportunity,
         | not themselves being good developers.
         | 
         | This post is the place where they can vent.
        
           | acedTrex wrote:
           | You have had a very different experience with h1b workers
           | then I have.
        
             | n144q wrote:
             | That says more about your company, and perhaps yourself,
             | than anything else.
             | 
             | Companies like Google and Meta don't pay people on H1B
             | 400k/yr just so that they walk around doing nothing.
        
               | happytoexplain wrote:
               | Yes, people at Meta and Google are highly paid and highly
               | skilled. Some more or less than others, in relation to
               | the average, just like anywhere else. What is your
               | example demonstrating?
               | 
               | >That says more about your company, and perhaps yourself,
               | than anything else.
               | 
               | Why? You're simply sure the parent and the companies they
               | work for are bad at hiring, or racist, or what? You've
               | offered nothing but a spit in the face.
        
               | bubblethink wrote:
               | No, it means that if you find yourself surrounded by
               | mediocre/incompetent people, it means that you aren't
               | working at a good place and that you may be mediocre too.
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | It couldn't possibly be that the H1-B's that his company
               | is hiring are bad, because his company is trying to save
               | a buck by abusing the system, because that never happens.
        
               | bubblethink wrote:
               | You are not refuting what I said. The company is doing
               | what it can do to maximize revenue and reduce costs. If
               | you are working at such a company, that reflects on your
               | skill more than anything else.
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | >If you are working at such a company, that reflects on
               | your skill more than anything else.
               | 
               | Maybe he's so good everyone is less skilled than he is.
        
           | pknomad wrote:
           | It's also missing the point. The verbiage around H1B is "to
           | help employers who cannot otherwise obtain needed business
           | skills and abilities", not artificially inflate competition
           | for jobs. This issue was contentious even during the good
           | times and I'm not surprised that it's flaring up during the
           | bad times.
           | 
           | There are plenty of smart and excellent workers who come
           | mainland China and India for sure but there are plenty of
           | people who don't or come through the abuse of the program.
        
             | JackYoustra wrote:
             | competition isn't artificially inflated, the competition is
             | there all along, just arbitrary rules prevent them from
             | seeking better life
        
           | UniverseHacker wrote:
           | As an academic scientist in the USA, it is an amazing
           | opportunity to work with bright people from all over the
           | world. I feel lucky that I am from the place where this
           | happens, and I don't personally have to travel overseas for
           | it- but certainly would if I hadn't been from here. The
           | scientists that come here from all over the world make
           | discoveries that help everyone, but the companies that spin
           | out of them usually end up US based and are a major driver of
           | the economy. When we do hiring, it is only about 1/4 of the
           | time or so I would say that we get a highly qualified
           | applicant that is a US citizen.
        
         | returningfory2 wrote:
         | Yeah. Do people really think that Silicon Valley would be such
         | a huge economy (and a huge job creator for US citizens) if the
         | US had never allowed immigrants to work there?
        
           | liontwist wrote:
           | Which came first?
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | Founders of the original valley companies were US born
             | (except Shockley) but by the early 70s many of the key
             | participants were foreigners (Grove, Faggin, ...).
        
               | liontwist wrote:
               | Yeah I would say very little about our current
               | immigration situation resembles anything like 1970. So
               | I'm not sure what the magic key to success is, that was
               | alluded to other than "some people who were key were also
               | not born in America".
        
         | blululu wrote:
         | There were >100000 layoffs at tech companies in the last 4
         | years because companies "overhired". The government is finally
         | taking action to address a "labor shortage" in this sector,
         | because these same companies cannot find anyone to hire?
         | Something doesn't add up here but a lot of people who have been
         | given a pretty raw deal.
        
           | nopcode wrote:
           | How is it possible that the labour force suddenly produced
           | all those tech workers domestically during a pandemic?
           | 
           | What's not adding up is the qualifications of those people
           | that got overhired.
        
         | happytoexplain wrote:
         | I find it hard to believe you are surprised. In disagreement,
         | sure. Surprised? This is an enormous, dramatic issue. People on
         | both sides rightfully perceive it as borderline existential.
        
         | liontwist wrote:
         | Who benefits from that growth of the native population is
         | unemployed or underemployed?
        
         | xingped wrote:
         | Really? You're surprised? You're surprised that a country and
         | industry continuing to suffer from ongoing layoffs after
         | layoffs, both stealth and honest, could possibly be negative
         | about their government saying "yeah, let's bring in _more_
         | foreign workers while our own citizens can't find or keep their
         | jobs"? The audacity!
        
         | citrin_ru wrote:
         | As person who is not currently trying to immigrate to the US I
         | have mixed feelings. One one hand I wish all best to people who
         | do want to move to the US, on other hand a non-broken H-1B
         | could accelerate brain drain from the country I'm living in
         | (which will be one more blow to already struggling economy).
        
         | sneed_chucker wrote:
         | "The USA benefits..."
         | 
         | Who actually benefits?
        
       | Glyptodon wrote:
       | Are they accepting them in descending order of total compensation
       | yet?
        
         | ashconnor wrote:
         | This would be a great way to starve every industry outside of
         | tech of H1B workers.
        
       | bradlys wrote:
       | The working conditions for Americans suck due to this fucking
       | program. People come here to live subservient lives and bring
       | along a toxic culture of submission. The level of ass licking
       | that I see on the regular is akin to a well known Korean airline
       | going into the side of a mountain. It is insane the level of
       | deference you will find.
       | 
       | All this hype about the "smartest, brightest, etc." is nonsense.
       | I've worked with hundreds of engineers in SV who are all on H1B.
       | They are no better than anyone else. My main complaint with them
       | is that their work is fine but the culture they bring is insanely
       | toxic and does not allow for any psychological safety _at all_. I
       | know enough people in industry for a long period of time to know
       | that it wasn 't always this way. There were always problems but
       | it has hit a level that is insane. The fact that an American is a
       | minority nationality when in almost any US tech company is
       | bonkers.
        
         | sfblah wrote:
         | I'm in favor of immigration generally, but I actually agree
         | with the cultural argument here. The toxic culture really shows
         | up in interviewing. Recently I've repeatedly had to deal with
         | interviewees obviously cheating with AI tools. Also, while I
         | agree that folks on H-1 visas are around the same
         | qualification-wise as citizens, I also agree that their primary
         | interest is always their visa, not doing a good job as an
         | employee.
        
           | JackYoustra wrote:
           | Yeah, I think that the solution here is to make the visa
           | easier though? If they don't worry about it then they won't
           | be so focused on it.
        
             | bradlys wrote:
             | I don't know what the solution is but I don't feel like
             | making it easier is going to be helping either. I'm not
             | entirely sure if this toxic culture would go away as soon
             | as people have green cards. After all, this culture is
             | alive and well in the countries these people are from.
             | 
             | The bad culture isn't just due to being locked into a job
             | or it being hard to get a new job. It is a _core component_
             | of their belief system. I see this as soon as people from
             | these places get promoted to a manager - they literally
             | turn into the thing they hated the most on the first day!
             | It seems to me to be completely cultural.
        
               | JackYoustra wrote:
               | Sure, but you have selection effects at the end of a
               | really brutal pipeline from their perspective, so the
               | culture of people conditioned on going through this
               | process is always going to be kinda an asshole.
               | 
               | People go into banking and have shitty hours and culture
               | because there's a nice rewarding story at the end of it
               | (money, prestige, whatever) - similar to what would be at
               | the end of moving somewhere prosperous. The problem with
               | banking culture isn't an inherent problem with American
               | culture, it's merely a product of a system where you have
               | such a hiring system.
               | 
               | Unlike in banking, however, the toxic culture isn't a
               | product of a company or market forces, but the outcome of
               | such a restrictive visa regime. Change the visa regime,
               | and the culture (eventually, you have to give it a
               | generation) also changes.
        
               | sfblah wrote:
               | Agree completely. My opinion is that if you earn a
               | certain amount and therefore pay a certain amount in
               | taxes for 2-3 years, you should become a citizen, period.
        
             | sfblah wrote:
             | My opinion is if you pay more than a certain amount of
             | income tax, the visa should be automatic.
        
       | cute_boi wrote:
       | I wish USCIS was very strict about those guys who is coming in
       | H1b from India incapable of doing anything and hire guy from
       | india to do all their work.
        
       | asoneth wrote:
       | I wonder if switching from a lottery to an auction would help
       | curtail some of the abuse?
       | 
       | That is, for each position a company wants to fill with a non-
       | citizen they also have to bid on the visa fee they're willing to
       | pay. The highest ~7,000 bids that month are accepted and paid to
       | the government in exchange for a visa.
       | 
       | We could debate things like sealed-bid versus open auction and
       | uniform-price versus paying your bid but whatever details we pick
       | I suspect this would allow us to discover which companies are
       | actually desperate for skills and which primarily use it as a
       | cost-savings measure.
       | 
       | (I'm also curious how much H-1B visas would cost if there was a
       | market: thousands of dollars? tens of thousands? hundreds of
       | thousands? more?)
        
         | punksatoni wrote:
         | Yes it would.
         | 
         | This would prevent abuse of foreigners who are underpaid. It
         | would also allow most of the applicants to go to good jobs
         | (FAANG) which can pay premiums salaries.
         | 
         | Reverse auction is the best way to go. Good for foreigners,
         | good for top companies, economically the best option.
        
         | huevosabio wrote:
         | Probably hundreds of thousands. A big reason master programs
         | can command such a massive price tag is that they are tickets
         | to enter the US labor market.
         | 
         | It also has the benefit of giving the government an incentive
         | to increase the quota to get more revenue.
        
         | cheriot wrote:
         | This is the simplest way to improve the H1-B system!
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | The simplest way to improve the H-1B system is to abolish it.
           | 
           | The better but slightly less simple way is to abolish it (and
           | a bunch of other employment-related visa categories), but
           | also allow individuals who aren't personally barred from
           | entry because of past misconduct, etc., but who are not
           | eligible (or wish to bypass wait times) for admission under
           | other existing visa categories to pay an fee (which others,
           | including employers, can subsidize if they wish, but gain no
           | special power over future status by so doing) for a limited
           | term, renewable employment-eligible status that becomes
           | eligible to transition to permanent residency automatically
           | after a set time in status. (This also fixes a number of
           | _other_ problems in the immigration system beyond the H-1B.)
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | Think you would also lose everyone that's not working in
         | IT/finance in an instant (or until whenever their visa
         | expires).
         | 
         | The biologist, geologist, physicists and the likes.
        
           | diebeforei485 wrote:
           | Lottery only applies for initial employment, not for
           | renewals.
           | 
           | Most physicists and biologists and geologists work in
           | universities or labs or other institutions, which are cap-
           | exempt anyway and don't go through the lottery.
        
         | darth_avocado wrote:
         | Remember, H1B isn't always about tech, even if we'd all like to
         | pretend it is. You'll have to have separate bidding process for
         | different occupations, otherwise you'll end up with a system
         | where Facebook will get all the visas, while in some cases,
         | doctors would not be sponsored.
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | How is that resolved now? Uniform probability sampling across
           | all requests, regardless of occupation?
        
             | basiccalendar74 wrote:
             | yes
        
             | darth_avocado wrote:
             | Yes and some occupations are cap exempt.
        
           | liontwist wrote:
           | Good. There is no shortage of doctors except the one created
           | by accreditation cartel.
        
             | darth_avocado wrote:
             | There absolutely is. Especially in underserved areas.
        
               | superq wrote:
               | Your statement and the parent's can be concurrently true.
        
           | asoneth wrote:
           | I'm curious what makes you think tech workers would
           | monopolize the top spots? I would expect that companies
           | desperate for experts in medicine, research, engineering,
           | law, business (which, like tech, already pay high salaries)
           | would be similarly willing to pay a premium to be able to
           | hire the best from other countries.
        
         | superfrank wrote:
         | I actually think that could end up having the opposite effect
         | in lower paying fields.
         | 
         | An mid level engineer at Google averages $280k/yr according to
         | levels. A principal mechanical engineer at Boeing averages
         | $170k/yr according to levels. If Google can pay an H1-B
         | engineer 70% of what a non H1-B employee would get ($196k),
         | they can bid up to 80k and still save money.
         | 
         | Since Boeing is going for a high level employee who actually
         | highly skilled, it's less likely that they would be able to
         | underpay their candidate, but even if they could pay their H1-B
         | employee 70% of the market rate ($117k), they only have ~$50k
         | to before they hit the break even point.
         | 
         | Obviously if the person is highly skilled and Boeing actually
         | needs them it would make sense to bid beyond the break even
         | point, but Boeing needs to be more choosy than Google. In that
         | scenario, Google should put every single L4 candidate up for
         | and H1-B because if even one gets their bid accepted it saves
         | them money. Boeing actually has to decide which candidates
         | they're willing to overpay for which will result in a smaller
         | pool of mechanical engineers being put up for H1-B visas.
        
           | ponty_rick wrote:
           | Only the base salary counts, not the total comp. That 280k/yr
           | sounds like total comp - includes base+bonus+RSUs. The
           | average base would be more along the lines of 150k-190k.
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | > Since Boeing is going for a high level employee who
           | actually highly skilled
           | 
           | "actually": Are you saying that mid-level engineer at Google
           | making ~300K/yr is not actually highly skilled?
        
             | forgotoldacc wrote:
             | I don't think that's what they were implying, but with the
             | way google has been going this past decade, I don't think
             | anyone is still under the impression that google employees
             | are highly skilled. They're the butt of tech jokes for a
             | reason.
        
             | never_inline wrote:
             | Leetcode mediums do not count as skill in this context.
        
             | superfrank wrote:
             | Uniquely skilled is probably a better word to use. H1-Bs
             | are meant to be used when American worker's can't be found
             | to fill a role. I think there are more people qualified to
             | be a mid level software engineer (even at the FAANG level)
             | than principal mechanical engineers at Boeing.
             | 
             | I doubt that many mechanical engineers can become a
             | principal level engineer at a Fortune 500 company in 3-5
             | years, but I know plenty of software engineers who've
             | gotten to L4 at FAANG companies in that timeframe.
        
           | asoneth wrote:
           | The implication that companies use H1-B visas primarily to
           | find candidates willing to work for less (e.g. 70%) of a
           | qualified domestic candidate seems like the underlying
           | loophole we should try to close, not just the "fairness" of
           | allocating which companies and fields deserve to exploit this
           | loophole.
           | 
           | But your post raises a good point that money is an imperfect
           | proxy for "value" -- a company with high profit margins can
           | outbid leaner companies (or nonprofits) for a visa, even if
           | the relative value of that visa to the rich company is not as
           | high as it would have been to the other companies.
           | 
           | Three thoughts in response:
           | 
           | First, this "unfairness" doesn't seem unique to a visa
           | auction. Isn't it already "unfair" that mediocre developers
           | at Google earn more than expert mechanical engineers at
           | Boeing?
           | 
           | Second, assuming H1-B visas lower average salaries in the
           | fields where they're used most, then if this program ends up
           | primarily applying to the highest-paid positions (like mid-
           | level engineers at Google) then this might end up reducing
           | some of the "unfairness" above.
           | 
           | Third, I wonder which scheme (lottery or auction) Boeing and
           | their hypothetical H1-B candidate would prefer themselves.
           | Tech companies already game the system and let other
           | companies fight for scraps so having a more predictable (if
           | expensive) pathway may end up being slightly preferable to
           | all parties.
        
             | superfrank wrote:
             | Appreciate the response. I think you make some good points,
             | on your response my thoughts would be.
             | 
             | 1. Fully agree, but I don't think we should use that as
             | justification to implement another unfair system. My
             | thinking is that the current H1-B system isn't perfect, but
             | at least we understand its shortcomings. We shouldn't
             | implement a new system that we know has flaws because we
             | don't know what the effects of those flaws will be. It's a
             | devil you know vs devil you don't know type thing. If the
             | current system was a bidding system and people were
             | advocating for a lottery system, I would likely be
             | advocating for staying with the bidding system.
             | 
             | 2. To some extent I do think it does affect salaries, but I
             | think there just aren't enough H1-B visas available to have
             | had a super noticeable effect. Also, the rise in companies
             | using H1-Bs has coincided with a massive rise in tech
             | salaries and we don't have a control group to compare
             | against. If tech salaries are up 300% in the last 10 years,
             | but they would have been up 400% without H1-B it's really
             | hard to prove that and it's hard to gain a ton of sympathy
             | from the general public when tech workers are already paid
             | far above average. No one wants to spend their political
             | capital defending the 28 year or making 300k who is upset
             | about not making 400k, even if they are pointing out a
             | legitimate issue.
             | 
             | 3. I have a couple of H1-B employees on my team and they
             | all hate the lottery system, so I'm sure they would say a
             | bidding system. To be honest though, in a bidding system, I
             | don't think my company would pay enough to win a visa for
             | them and if I told them that, that would change their mind.
             | My guess would be that a lottery system is actually better
             | for most people currently in the H1-B process because my
             | personal experience has been that most of the people aren't
             | actually all that specialized.
        
         | ponty_rick wrote:
         | Why not just auction on the candidate's salary instead of
         | paying a tax to the government who will burn your money anyway.
        
       | testfrequency wrote:
       | Honestly insane how much racist rhetoric I'm reading online (and
       | surprisingly now HN) regarding this news...
       | 
       | I suppose 2025 is starting early.
       | 
       | edit: case in point, downvoted for simply saying I'm noticing a
       | lot of racism from the (you know who) crowd - as all the comments
       | against this are often followed with "trump will fix this" or
       | "your country needs birth control" or "india shouldn't be allowed
       | to get visas"
        
         | UniverseHacker wrote:
         | I am slowly coming to grips with the fact that this is a
         | genuine widespread hate movement, and the average person that
         | supports it deeply feels this hatred, and personally blames
         | their problems on anyone from another country, culture, or skin
         | color- and doesn't believe those people deserve to be treated
         | as human. I couldn't be more disappointed, angry, and terrified
         | about what comes next.
        
           | testfrequency wrote:
           | Right there with you.
           | 
           | Also now seeing my comment is shadowbanned.
           | 
           | HN has really been pretty strong in silencing "counterpoints"
           | as of late. No idea why the moderation team would read a
           | comment like mine and feel compelled to hide it, for simply
           | saying there's a lot of hate speech regarding this topic.
           | There's still tons of comments on this thread that are very
           | accusatory of foreigners abusing a fully legal system and
           | logical path towards becoming an american citizen.
        
             | UniverseHacker wrote:
             | It's not the moderation team, your post was flagged dead by
             | regular users, and is vouched for and back (for now).
             | 
             | I agree it is very disappointing that even labeling hate
             | speech for what it obviously is wouldn't be acceptable. I'm
             | curious what peoples reasoning could possibly be for why
             | your comment shouldn't be allowed.
             | 
             | In general HN is supposed to encourage civil, not
             | provocative, and non inflammatory discussion based around
             | good faith arguments. However, there is no way to sugarcoat
             | or steel man hate speech that isn't fundamentally
             | dishonest- hate speech itself would seem to violate HN
             | guidelines, and pointing it out should not.
        
           | edc117 wrote:
           | Far too extreme a view. I'm very unhappy with the H1-B
           | program and how it has been used to depress wages for
           | engineers, but I understand (and agree with) the need for us
           | to compete globally and not stagnate. I have nothing but
           | respect for a lot of overseas engineers and have worked with
           | some very intelligent, kind, generous individuals in my time.
           | 
           | What I strongly oppose is - and I've seen this up close and
           | personal three times in the last five years - large companies
           | or investment companies buying/merging smaller companies,
           | then gradually offshoring/firing (about 10-20% per year) US
           | jobs in favor of overseas jobs while keeping their customer
           | base. These companies, their revenue streams, their customers
           | exist because of US employees and engineers, and yet they're
           | thrown out at the first chance because someone overseas will
           | do the work for less (often one third of a US salary). This
           | is a complete betrayal of the people who worked to build
           | these companies in the first place. These revenue streams
           | would not exist without them.
           | 
           | H1-B is used in a very similar way: they get anyone they can
           | over here, and pay them 10-20% less than a US counterpart,
           | then use that to justify lower wages/raises to existing
           | employees.
           | 
           | I agree that some people unfairly blame the overseas
           | engineer, but don't simply write them off as racist or
           | hateful - they're having their livelihoods taken from them,
           | and leadership is very good at hiding or shifting blame.
        
             | UniverseHacker wrote:
             | Reasonable criticisms of specific policy or programs (like
             | you mention) is not what I or the poster above was
             | referring to- there is a widespread cultural zeitgeist
             | going on right now that is fundamentally emotionally based
             | on hatred, and will broadly advocate for any policy that
             | will harm groups they hate. Comments in this HN post show
             | how widespread and normalized these feelings are, which
             | wouldn't have been normal to express publicly until now.
             | 
             | This is a terrifying time to be in the USA for anyone with
             | the "wrong" skin color, accent, culture, religion,
             | disability, gender identity, sexual orientation, etc.- and
             | many of the people I know in those groups are actively
             | preparing and planning for the worst imaginable outcomes.
             | People in those "wrong groups" are terrified right now, and
             | people not in them - which includes much of HN - are in a
             | bubble and not aware of what is happening.
        
               | edc117 wrote:
               | I understand, and broadly agree for what it's worth - as
               | someone with friends and peers in those groups, I'm very
               | worried about the tone of the discourse.
               | 
               | That said, I think it's good to recognize it's not a 0 or
               | 1, open minded vs racists, or however it could be framed.
               | There are a whole host of people in the middle, and
               | actions like the one I mentioned push people towards the
               | crazier views we see. It makes good people stand to the
               | side and say nothing, maybe, instead of pushing back
               | against it.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | Absolutely, you make an important point. The reason this
               | hate movement is gaining so much momentum is that they
               | are the only group validating peoples concerns, but then
               | pointing the finger and telling them who to blame, and
               | claiming to have a solution. Effectively countering it
               | will require a non hate based movement that still
               | validates those concerns.
        
       | souvlakee wrote:
       | If you're interested in judging others' work in hackathons for
       | your O1 or EB1a, email me at halloumee [at] proton [dot] me.
        
       | nojvek wrote:
       | They still left the multiple applications for one person rule.
       | 
       | Seems the lobby was strong to allow consultancies like Tata and
       | wipes to continue what they are doing to get most of cap.
        
       | jmspring wrote:
       | If there are US Citizens available (even if not local), H1s
       | should not be a consideration. Period.
        
         | JackYoustra wrote:
         | Frictional unemployment exists, so this effectively bars H1s.
        
         | JasserInicide wrote:
         | Sentiments like this make someone automatically
         | racist/xenophobic now. God forbid someone care about their
         | fellow countrymen over foreigners...
        
       | rayiner wrote:
       | Why is this dropping the week before Christmas.
        
       | sashank_1509 wrote:
       | I always see a lot of people arguing that H1bs are taking away
       | jobs from qualified Americans by willing to work long hours and
       | work cheaper. That may be true, but in my brief exposure to the
       | tech industry it does not feel true because the salaries and
       | perks are so high, it doesn't seem like tech companies are
       | exploiting workers and hiring "cheap H1b labour".
       | 
       | A lot of my batch (all H1b masters) when to Meta and Amazon. All
       | of them were paid 200k+ right out of masters, one was even paid
       | 430k. So is the claim that if these H1bs did not exist, companies
       | would pay 250k+ to those out of masters? And 500k+ to exceptional
       | candidates? If OpenAI was legally allowed to hire anyone from
       | India, China etc, would they stop providing 800k+ salaries? In
       | fact, we know from experience that this is not true because if
       | you go to OpenAI'a website they explicitly mention apply from
       | wherever you want and they will handle immigration. And you also
       | see that they did successfully hire some folks from remote
       | countries with exorbitant salaries.
       | 
       | A much simpler explanation, is that in tech companies employees
       | are not a cost center but a profit generation center. And so tech
       | companies are not looking to save costs by paying H1bs less, but
       | are simply looking to hire the best and pay whatever is needed to
       | keep them. Market competition tends to determine salaries far
       | more than employee labour pool, especially when talent is always
       | in short supply.
       | 
       | This theory also seems more correct to me, in that it predicts
       | places where H1b labor would shortchange existing tech workers.
       | It would be wherever employees are a cost center, legacy
       | businesses that need software but would like to just get it done
       | as cheaply as possible. By definition most of these companies
       | would not be FAANG adjacent, but would instead be companies like
       | say Target that needs simple software that works reasonably well
       | at a low cost. An equitable solution then would be to put a flat
       | minimum salary on H1b's, say 200k, that would remove most of the
       | cases where H1bs are hired to short change Americans, and not
       | affect much of the talent hiring that big tech does. It's only
       | negative affect would be on startups, which generally pay low
       | salaries, but would now have to pay high salaries for immigrants.
        
         | basiccalendar74 wrote:
         | this is a well-studied tradeoff with immigration. high-skilled
         | immigration helps US economy and innovation but low-skilled
         | immigration depresses wages for citizens. you are making this
         | distinction for a narrow case i.e. tech.
        
           | JackYoustra wrote:
           | show me the study for broad-spectrum lasting wage depression
           | for low-skilled immigration? The mariel boatlift study shows
           | basically no effect:
           | https://davidcard.berkeley.edu/papers/mariel-impact.pdf
        
       | schappim wrote:
       | It's encouraging to see DHS attempting to update the H-1B program
       | in ways that address longstanding pain points like the
       | unpredictability of transferring jobs, the complexity around
       | defining a "specialty occupation," and the painfully slow
       | application processes. The US economy benefits when companies can
       | more easily hire and retain the talent they genuinely need,
       | rather than having the system incentivise questionable staffing
       | practices or endless guesswork over whether a given degree is
       | "close enough" to the job description.
       | 
       | However, this final rule doesn't magically solve the deeper
       | structural issues. For example, the per-country caps on green
       | cards still leave many H-1B workers stuck in decades-long queues
       | if they're from certain countries. That reality discourages risk-
       | taking, entrepreneurship, and long-term roots,something that runs
       | counter to the very idea of welcoming skilled people. While
       | allowing spouses to work and making it easier to switch roles
       | will improve day-to-day life for some, the broader immigration
       | pipeline remains complicated and slow.
       | 
       | The real test will be in implementation and enforcement. Will the
       | new definitions and stricter oversight actually reduce abuse by
       | staffing firms who've flooded the lottery with dubious
       | registrations? Will the simplified criteria for specialty
       | occupations translate to smoother hiring and fewer headaches for
       | workers and employers alike?
       | 
       | In short: good steps, but we're still a long way from a truly
       | balanced system that reliably identifies, welcomes, and retains
       | global talent without leaving them in extended legal limbo. It's
       | progress, but the ultimate success depends on how these rules
       | play out in the real world,and whether future administrations
       | build on these changes instead of rolling them back.
        
       | moosedman wrote:
       | Well I'm never voting for a Democrat ever again. Doesn't matter
       | what the GOP does.
        
         | JackYoustra wrote:
         | how about an insurrection? Would the fake electors scheme do it
         | for you?
        
       | janalsncm wrote:
       | The number one issue software engineers should care about is
       | using foreign talent to undercut wages. A cursory look at H1B
       | salaries shows this is rampant.
       | 
       | There's a big difference between "we can't find any talent" and
       | "we can't find any talent at our price point". The former should
       | be granted an H1B. The latter is abusing the system.
        
         | rm_-rf_slash wrote:
         | Is a startup that has to make do with the funding it has
         | abusing the system by hiring an H1B?
         | 
         | "Raise more money" is not an acceptable or reasonable answer.
        
         | valicord wrote:
         | > A cursory look at H1B salaries shows this is rampant.
         | 
         | Where does one get a cursory look at H1B salaries? If you're
         | referring to various websites that publish H1B petition data,
         | then you might be interested to know that they don't show
         | actual salaries, only the minimum amounts that the company is
         | required to pay by law. The actual salary can and often is
         | higher, based on the specific employee
         | negotation/performance/etc, same as any regular non-H1B job.
        
       | laptopdev wrote:
       | Shoe horn-y
        
       | SaintSeiya wrote:
       | Great, as if we needed more outsourcing, I cannot even get a
       | single interview despite being an ex FAANG software developer,
       | unemployed for more than a year. Not even for entry level jobs.
       | The final nail in the coffin.
        
       | cadamsau wrote:
       | For everyone who thinks H-1B and its ilk make it possible to hire
       | foreign workers at below what citizens are paid - have a look on
       | your favorite search engine for:
       | 
       | "Prevailing wage condition"
       | 
       | It's a requirement that's part of the Labor Condition Application
       | wherein based on the location you'll work (the "Metropolitan
       | Service Area" or MSA) to be granted a visa your employer must
       | prove they'll pay you above publicly available and published
       | minimum wages for each job title.
       | 
       | These wages are public. If you have a problem with what they're
       | permitted to pay H-1B workers, the published prevailing wages are
       | what you have a problem with. Spoiler though: they're actually
       | pretty accurate.
       | 
       | Here is one example of how hard it is to underpay workers on
       | visas: during the pandemic, workers on visas were not legally
       | allowed to be furloughed, because they would run the risk of not
       | meeting the prevailing wage that year, putting the employer out
       | of compliance with the LCA and subject to fines in the event of
       | an audit. So what happened in practice was negotiated unpaid
       | leave or in most cases the US gov covered wages via programs like
       | PPP.
       | 
       | Now this is all out the window if the published prevailing wage
       | for a given occupation is too low or the employer somehow sneaks
       | one by the consular officials approving petitions - by selecting
       | a title too junior for the applicant's years of experience, for
       | example. There will always be anecdata that makes this seem like
       | a huge problem so be wary because one story does not a trend
       | make. As mentioned above, by and large the prevailing wages are
       | pretty on point with what American citizens are paid.
       | 
       | The reality of the way this system works is it's WAY more
       | technical than fearmongerers would have you believe. Visa holders
       | are very much NOT undercutting anyone and the H-1B is not a
       | completely broken system - even though the lottery and the
       | fraudulent applications cause hell for applicants and employers
       | it does basically do what it's intended to do. So besides the
       | exploitative situation these changes seem to proactively address,
       | it mostly works and alongside the O-1 and a few other visa
       | categories, has played a key role in the US' ongoing supremacy in
       | AI and many other industries.
       | 
       | Source: Australian citizen spent over 6 years working in SF on an
       | E-3 visa which is very similar to H-1B.
        
         | willcipriano wrote:
         | Hire junior aerospace engineer with senior aerospace
         | experience. Subject engineer to working conditions and long
         | hours that domestic labor wouldn't tolerate. Get 1.5 - 3 senior
         | aerospace engineers for the price of 1 junior.
        
       | JackYoustra wrote:
       | let them all in! People can earn three times more just by being
       | in the US and we benefit by lower inflation.
       | 
       | EDIT: I encourage people to read two stories
       | 
       | Qian Xuesen - what happens when you deport skilled laborers
       | 
       | https://davidcard.berkeley.edu/papers/mariel-impact.pdf - one of
       | the first studies on immigration econ effects on wages. A good
       | starting point
        
       | darkhorse222 wrote:
       | No offense to the very hardworking H1B guys I've worked with, but
       | I'm not a fan because they'll do anything the company says. They
       | are used as scabs to undermine developers leverage. This was
       | especially clear during RTO. It's the same issue of manufacturing
       | stuff in china. Of course an H1B will be a good puppet, if you
       | threaten to fire them you're sending them back home to another
       | country!
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Maybe it's just me, but the vast amount of illegal and semi legal
       | migrant workers being exploited suggests what the US needs is a
       | visa system for unskilled labour, not for skilled.
       | 
       | Why does everyone think the cure to the worlds ills is to have
       | more doctors and not more toilet cleaners? People can die from
       | dirty hands on doorknobs faster than from smoking: Basic
       | sanitation work, food work is important. If current US residents
       | won't do this stuff, pick food, clean up, then isn't the answer
       | to bring them in or do we really prefer to have them live in a
       | twilight, semi-illegal world? Really?
        
       | ein0p wrote:
       | Biden (or whoever actually runs the country, since it's most
       | definitely not Biden) is trying to undermine Trump's plan to turn
       | H1-B into an auction, which is how it should be run, IMO. That's
       | all there is to it. This will be canceled next year.
        
       | gadders wrote:
       | This is just the result of lobbying by big business so they can
       | import cheap labour to suppress wages.
        
       | zeroc8 wrote:
       | I'm a highly specialized software developer with 30 years of
       | experience.
       | 
       | I could save our customer, a huge US entity, a lot of money by
       | moving to the states for the duration of the project. I don't
       | have a college degree though, which seems to be a requirement for
       | the H1-B.
       | 
       | What a bummer.
        
       | JCM9 wrote:
       | Will probably get undone in the first 10 minutes of the next
       | administration.
        
       | rednafi wrote:
       | H-1B is a terrible visa. I went through it with a few of my
       | peers. Working in the US is great, but it's not the only option.
       | I moved out after two years and settled somewhere that values
       | stability over the churn-and-burn culture. Couldn't be happier.
        
       | witnesser2 wrote:
       | I can say sth: - particularly in SC market, the computer science
       | or related areas (almost all JDs have this sentence). The
       | 'related areas' brought in so many in-qualified that even can not
       | answer what is a truth-table (we are not the DOJ). - The whole
       | thing has been abused for decades "."
        
         | witnesser2 wrote:
         | Also many anxious parents with children graduated from UC etc
         | with absolute CS,CE degrees staying at home.
        
         | witnesser2 wrote:
         | The companies hiring H-1x should publish all job hiring process
         | (interviews, exams questions) at least at closing to all
         | candidates. Thus it is subject to "objective" review.
        
           | witnesser2 wrote:
           | I mean it won't be difficult to use gen ai to analyze where a
           | candidate is compared to the peers. So it is a 'objective'
           | offer or rejection.
        
           | witnesser2 wrote:
           | Particularly for public-list companies (no security clearance
           | needed etc), they should 'open-source' or 'wiki' their hiring
           | process to 0-opacity.
        
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