[HN Gopher] Advanced Expressive Humanoid Whole-Body Control
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       Advanced Expressive Humanoid Whole-Body Control
        
       Author : moatmoat
       Score  : 90 points
       Date   : 2024-12-18 00:44 UTC (22 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (exbody2.github.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (exbody2.github.io)
        
       | throwup238 wrote:
       | That Unitree G1 [1] in the video starts at $16k, which surprised
       | me. I'm guessing end effectors drive that price way up but it
       | feels like we are maybe a decade away from useful household
       | humanoid robots for the price of a cheap car, which would put it
       | well within the means of many in the developed world.
       | 
       | Does anyone have any insight on how realistically far away the
       | control and programming is from that reality? A bunch of very
       | impressive robotic control model research has been posted on HN
       | in the last two years but as an outsider it's hard to evaluate
       | just how close we are to doing away with folding clothes by
       | general purpose humanoid robot.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.unitree.com/mobile/g1
        
         | modeless wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure that $16k is aspirational at this point. See
         | "Contact us for the real price" here:
         | https://shop.unitree.com/products/unitree-g1
         | 
         | I've heard that the real price is more like $35k. And you
         | probably want options that increase the price more. For example
         | on one of their dog robots I believe the base price doesn't
         | include detailed control over the limbs, so you can only use
         | their included software to walk it around.
         | 
         | Still though, even the higher price is pretty good. Hard to see
         | how China doesn't dominate humanoids given their manufacturing
         | advantage and the sheer number of humanoid companies there now.
         | Dozens!
        
           | alsodumb wrote:
           | Someone I know got it recently. If you're getting with the
           | API and all the sensors it was close to 60k including customs
           | and all of that.
        
             | anonzzzies wrote:
             | I would buy that today if the battery life was not abysmal.
             | It is though; that is, at least for me, a far larger issue
             | than all else. We cannot make laptops or phones work an
             | entire day; robots/drones are measured in minutes.
        
               | modeless wrote:
               | What would you use it for that needs long battery life?
        
               | anonzzzies wrote:
               | Shopping (which takes hours where I live), picking olives
               | (it will take forever if you have to hop into the charger
               | every 15 minutes), carrying my backpack on walks etc.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | For shopping, surely the best robotic option are the
               | various things the huge warehouses use, rather than
               | havingthan a humanoid going around a store meant for
               | humans?
               | 
               | Both the things that look like Roombas and all these:
               | https://youtu.be/ssZ_8cqfBlE?si=9mCtiKKkk_N9Uk7z
               | 
               | No single consumer would buy all that, but the retailers
               | can.
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | I think for most indoor household work they only really
               | need enough to move from station to station. Once they
               | are at the bed to fold clothes or in the kitchen washing
               | dishes, they should be able to plug themselves in.
               | 
               | That's way too limited for $60k though. I'd pay $20k even
               | if it had to plug itself in for most jobs, assuming it
               | was decent at cable management and could manage its own
               | extension cord in other situations.
               | 
               | I would pay double that if it were capable of
               | household/office/workshop reorganization and managing
               | storage with a live inventory of where it put all the
               | crap it cleans up. It's not quite at the point where it
               | would be a positive ROI financially (assuming $80k TCO
               | over 5-10 years) but it'd make life a _lot_ more
               | convenient and lower the activation energy for a ton of
               | hobbies.
        
         | demarq wrote:
         | Nope the price is not "up".
         | 
         | For reference the spot robot from Boston dynamics starts at 74k
         | usd.
         | 
         | So you could literally have a team of humanoids for the price
         | of a spot.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | The Unitree links claim a 9000mAh battery will last it 2 hours;
         | I don't know the voltage, but even at 5.5 V cells, that's only
         | about 25 W average power consumption.
         | 
         | I find this difficult to believe, both because that's a very
         | low power draw and because that would be penny-pinching on
         | battery capacity.
         | 
         | My expectation on timescale is that genuinely general-purpose
         | robots will need at least as much compute as a self-driving car
         | (possibly more, that's a minimum), and have at most 1/10th the
         | available power to do that (because they're physically
         | smaller).
         | 
         | Between algorithmic improvements and Koomey's law, I think this
         | will take at least 5 years between any given category of
         | customer being able to afford no-steering-wheel-needed self
         | driving cars, and the equivalent for androids.
         | 
         | Given the Waymos were doing geo-fenced cars with no safety
         | drivers in the vehicles in 2017 (but still had an employee in
         | the back with access to an emergency stop button)*, this gap is
         | compatible with the recent press releases and youtube videos
         | going around about robotics -- but as nobody has yet started
         | actually shipping this level of self-driving cars directly to
         | end users**, my only guess for _personal_ general-purpose
         | domestic androids is: some time after 2030 as a minimum, but
         | probably later than that.
         | 
         | * https://phys.org/news/2017-11-waymo-autonomous-vans-human-
         | dr...
         | 
         | ** No, Tesla's current one doesn't count; it will only count
         | when it actually ships without a steering wheel _or_ when
         | people are actually _allowed_ to use it while sleeping.
        
           | hwillis wrote:
           | You misunderstand battery specs. It's a 13 string (more
           | commonly, 13s) battery- a string is a number of cells wired
           | in series. By convention that's a 48 volt battery, which
           | matches with the 54 volt charger. In total that's a 421 watt-
           | hour battery, for an average power of ~210 watts over 2
           | hours.
           | 
           | When you connect 2 9000 mAh cells in series, the resulting
           | battery has 2x the voltage but the same mAh capacity. In
           | parallel, the battery has the same voltage but 2x the mAh.
           | 
           | > My expectation on timescale is that genuinely general-
           | purpose robots will need at least as much compute as a self-
           | driving car (possibly more, that's a minimum), and have at
           | most 1/10th the available power to do that (because they're
           | physically smaller).
           | 
           | This seems logically flawed:
           | 
           | 1. A car travels hundreds of miles from home. Why would a
           | robot walk more than a while from a transport or home base?
           | At short distances, if you truly need that power, it probably
           | makes more sense to stream data/video over a direct low-
           | latency connection. Long distance networking has a latency
           | comparable to camera frame time, but even a normal wifi
           | router can keep a lower latency than human nerve delay.
           | 
           | 2. Humanoid robots will never be running at 85 mph past a
           | bunch of people. They probably don't need to have the same
           | compute throughput as a car, and definitely don't need to
           | have the same reaction time.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Thanks for the clarification, that makes a lot more sense
             | -- 210 W / 421 Wh suddenly makes it seem totally reasonable
             | on both counts.
        
             | berikv wrote:
             | Correcting the correction:
             | 
             | > When you connect 2 9000 mAh cells in series, the
             | resulting battery has 2x the voltage but the same mAh
             | capacity. In parallel, the battery has the same voltage but
             | 2x the mAh.
             | 
             | The relevant units are:
             | 
             | * Capacity (Q, in mAh, Ah, kWh, etc)
             | 
             | * Power (P, in Watts)
             | 
             | * Voltage (U, in Volts)
             | 
             | * Current (I, in Amperes)
             | 
             | * Duration (t, in mostly measured in hours)
             | 
             | And the relevant formulas are:
             | 
             | * P = U x I or Power equals Voltage(difference) times
             | Current
             | 
             | * Q = P x t or Capacity equals Power times duration
             | 
             | From this we can establish that connecting batteries in
             | series or in parallel will not change their Capacity. When
             | having 13 batteries of 29000mAh, or 29Ah, you have 13 x 29
             | = 377Ah or 377000mAh. Connecting batteries in series or
             | parallel does make a difference in voltage and current: a
             | string in series will increase the voltage while keeping
             | the current the same (theoretically, in practice you get
             | less than the current of the weakest cell); a parallel
             | setup will increase the maximum current while keeping the
             | voltage the same (again, in theory).
        
           | ldoughty wrote:
           | The only thing I don't like about car comparisons here is
           | that, unlike cars, a household robot could have a plugged in
           | offloaded computer. The robot could be stripped to sensors
           | and motors, and whatever is necessary for failsafe operation,
           | such as remaining balanced. Most other things a household
           | robot will do could handle latency limiting it to a few
           | hundred updates per second, and you could generally engineer
           | around that latency... So the only power you need on the
           | robot is enough to control the motors and sensors, and the
           | limited onboard compute.
           | 
           | Edit: to clarify, my expectation is that the compute is on-
           | location, so the latency is in the scale of <1ms more so than
           | 10-100ms from cloud offloading
        
       | VikingCoder wrote:
       | I don't understand which things are real and which are
       | simulations.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/sE4cEfhVOdE?si=FYXrtt-lvr0EEqtV&t=48
       | 
       | That part of the video has been heavily edited somehow, at the
       | very least.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/sE4cEfhVOdE?si=OsHygaSqG_mgjygp&t=93
       | 
       | Also looks fake to me.
        
         | dmicah wrote:
         | The first clip just seems like they blurred the background for
         | that shot. Maybe because there were people walking in the
         | background, they felt they needed to obscure them.
        
       | euvin wrote:
       | I wonder when we'll get the equivalent of fat padding and skin
       | nerves on humanoid robots. Would that help make them less
       | "waddly"?
        
       | thecupisblue wrote:
       | While impressive at first, this still needs depth, i.e. the
       | movements resemble the sample, but there is a giant lack of
       | details (information) in those movements.
       | 
       | They are more of a "compressed version of a common denominator
       | for these movements". I.e. while sample walking seems more joyful
       | and proud, aking to strutting, the robot one seems akin to
       | stumbling.
       | 
       | Looking at the fighting movements - the nuances not picked up by
       | the simulation and the robot are highly important and are what
       | makes the punch a punch instead of a weird shove, what makes a
       | good stance vs bad stance. Just like the walking nuances swing it
       | from "happy" to "drunk" to "threatening", so do they for others.
       | 
       | While I understand the issue of compression from "real movement
       | -> digitally constrained simulation -> physically constrainted
       | robot", just want to bring it up as attention to those details
       | will probably be important to general training. While at this
       | stage it is not that big of a deal, in any kind of real
       | environment they will define the human-robot interaction and
       | robot-env interaction.
       | 
       | Otherwise great job!
        
       | micw wrote:
       | Compared with other robots, it looks very impressive. Compared
       | with living things, it looks ... well, could be better. Compared
       | with human waltz dancers - I'd say it was a bad idea to use this
       | as a reference.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | > Compared with living things, it looks ... well, could be
         | better.
         | 
         | Sometimes it's fun to be cyberpunk-contrarian, diving into all
         | the ways our standard equipment--even "just" an arm or leg--is
         | actually incomprehensibly complex nanotechnology that we can't
         | even begin to match with artificial means, satisfying dozens of
         | difficult requirements like "float in water instead of dying"
         | or "self-lubricating with limited self-repair" or "destroys
         | invading nanomachines."
        
       | illwrks wrote:
       | That's impressive! Between the advancement in robotics,
       | chat/voice AI, and image generation it's going to become so hard
       | to distinguish fiction from reality in a few years. You'll just
       | have to see things in person to trust they are real.
        
       | nojvek wrote:
       | Most of the folks on modern AI/robotics paper have Asian names.
       | 
       | It seems Asian tiger countries may lead the next century. They
       | are very hungry to win the solar, battery, EV, robotics race.
       | 
       | Impressive results.
        
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       (page generated 2024-12-18 23:02 UTC)