[HN Gopher] The Headlight Brightness Wars
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Headlight Brightness Wars
        
       Author : throw0101b
       Score  : 136 points
       Date   : 2024-12-17 17:43 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theringer.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theringer.com)
        
       | unethical_ban wrote:
       | This is an abdication of duty, or else an unwillingness to admit
       | flawed decision-making, at NHTSA.
       | 
       | Any time I am approached by a new vehicle going over a minor
       | hill, I am blinded by their LEDs. Makers like BMW obviously
       | market such blinding lights as power, awareness, etc. but it is a
       | danger to everyone on the road.
       | 
       | If you're in the middle of nowhere highway, hit the brights.
       | Otherwise, these lights need regulated. I wonder if there is a
       | resistance mod that could be put in to lower the brightness for
       | someone who cared to.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | I agree with most of what you said, but BMW lights autodim very
         | aggressively because they know it's annoying as hell. I know
         | because i found how to verify that's enabled, and was testing
         | it just hours ago.
         | 
         | Around here, there are geriatric drivers aplenty at certain
         | times of year who drive with brights on all the time, hills or
         | straightaways or anything. very annoying. including in
         | daylight.
        
         | multimoon wrote:
         | I'd argue the biggest offender here is Ford/GM
         | 
         | The German cars will at least attempt to dim the beam or auto
         | turn off high beams, in Europe they'll even divert the beam
         | around you but for some reason we don't allow that in the US. I
         | drive a BMW as my daily and the computer makes every effort to
         | not blind people.
         | 
         | GM and Ford I just get constantly blinded by gigantic pillars
         | of LEDs, regardless if I'm driving another truck or a low
         | sports car.
        
           | fiddlerwoaroof wrote:
           | I think the NHTSA just approved these, so hopefully they'll
           | start being more common
           | 
           | https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/nhtsa-allow-adaptive-
           | dr...
        
             | jp191919 wrote:
             | But they stupidly didn't follow the SAE's recommendations
             | and made it harder to implement in the US by deviating from
             | the standard used in the ROW.
             | 
             | https://www.newsweek.com/nhtsa-roadblocking-headlight-
             | techno...
        
           | drdaeman wrote:
           | > in Europe they'll even divert the beam around you but for
           | some reason we don't allow that in the US
           | 
           | Is this true? Moving beams away from incoming traffic
           | certainly was a feature (called "Active High Beam") on Volvo
           | XC90 that I rented in California a few years ago. I've no
           | idea if this was a US market car, or imported from somewhere,
           | but it certainly existed and worked.
        
             | multimoon wrote:
             | All of the German automakers have this feature that they
             | all call something different, but yes. The current NHTSA
             | regulations prevent it from being deployed in the US, as
             | another commenter pointed out though it seems like the
             | NHTSA finally relented and approved it so I'd expect it to
             | start showing up. My car already has the hardware and it's
             | a software switch to flip it on, so I imagine most other
             | newer German cars are the same.
        
             | cameldrv wrote:
             | My understanding is that in the U.S. it's allowed to have
             | headlights that dynamically turn on and off the high beams
             | depending on whether it sees a car coming. The more
             | advanced Euro version has a spatial light modulator in the
             | headlight that dims the light specifically in the direction
             | of the oncoming car, while leaving the high beams on for
             | rest of the area in front of the car.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | > headlights that dynamically turn on and off the high
               | beams depending on whether it sees a car coming
               | 
               | A nice feature in theory, my mother-in-law's Toyota has
               | this, but it doesn't work very well.
        
               | UberFly wrote:
               | It's the default startup setting in my Honda CR-V. Too
               | many things in cars are being automated like this. Not
               | being able to dial in a windshield wiper speed and only
               | having an "Auto" option drives me crazy because it
               | usually guesses wrong.
        
           | hn_acc1 wrote:
           | Tesla is the worst - their DRLs are blinding if you're off to
           | the side of them in a sedan like I drive. Apparently, they're
           | supposed to be USER aimed / aligned AFTER delivery, but
           | pretty sure only 5% of drivers have even the faintest of
           | clues about any setting in their car other than "pair phone".
           | 
           | I'm not saying no other cars have issues, including the
           | obviously misaimed 70s light-in-a-box bulbs. And don't get me
           | started on the number of cars with ZERO lights, or only DRLs
           | (no tail lights) at night here in the Bay Area (CA).
           | 
           | I am constantly struggling to avoid glare at night from crazy
           | lights. If I could wave my hand and fix one brand, without
           | question it would be Teslas - they're systematically bad. All
           | others seem like one-offs (bad maintenance, post-
           | accident/replacement-misaligned, etc).
        
             | jp191919 wrote:
             | Most Tesla headlights have matrix functionality (the
             | ability selectively dim areas of the headlight that would
             | be aimed at another car) but this is not enabled in the US.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | >>And don't get me started on the number of cars with ZERO
             | lights, or only DRLs (no tail lights) at night here in the
             | Bay Area (CA).
             | 
             | As sort of a personal mea culpa, shortly after I got a new
             | car, I realized I had done a nighttime drive with just
             | daytime running lights. I leave the lights on Auto usually
             | but it's relatively easy to hit the headlight dial with a
             | finger when activating the turn signal. (Or, as I think was
             | the case here I had just gotten a state inspection and the
             | lights were just turned off.) I'm more aware now. Something
             | seemed a bit off but it was a fairly new car.
        
       | MarkSweep wrote:
       | Is there any similar campaign to have something done about loud
       | vehicles?
        
         | AtlasBarfed wrote:
         | That's a war thats being won by EVs.
        
           | Aardwolf wrote:
           | By using engine simulation sounds
        
             | AtlasBarfed wrote:
             | Because they're too quiet?
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | There are EV's that have gotten tickets for being too loud:
           | https://www.thedrive.com/news/hyundai-steps-in-to-help-
           | elant...
        
             | uxp100 wrote:
             | That's a link to a standard gas vehicle being ticketed.
        
             | glennpratt wrote:
             | The Elantra N is not electric.
        
         | Freak_NL wrote:
         | Electric cars. Although that zany hwooooooooo sound they make
         | is naff.
        
           | soco wrote:
           | That sound is only when they drive below 30kmh (or 20?) and
           | could be actually more obvious if you ask me. Let's not
           | forget this warning sound is not for the driver/owner, but
           | for the people on the street.
        
         | mattw2121 wrote:
         | I am similarly irritated by loud vehicles and wonder why they
         | are allowed to persist. Would this be better enforced if it
         | didn't rely 100% on officer testimony? I wonder if there is a
         | market for a "sound camera" that could be marketed to police
         | departments. The idea would be that you point this thing at
         | cars, like their radar gun, and it captures video, sound, and
         | the # of decibels. Only thing I don't know is if there is a way
         | to attribute particular sounds to particular objects found in
         | the video. This would, potentially, give them the hard evidence
         | to ticket these cases. If there is an easy way to make money
         | off these, the police would be sure to enforce it.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | Yes, in the Netherlands, NYC and elsewhere:
         | https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a60583398/nyc-noise-camera...
        
         | throw0101b wrote:
         | > _Is there any similar campaign to have something done about
         | loud vehicles?_
         | 
         | There are already US regulations on car noise,[0] and in more
         | general circumstances,[1][2] but once it's purchased it can be
         | altered by the owner, and then it's often up to local
         | authorities to enforce local (and state[3]) noise by-laws.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/325.7
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_Control_Act
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_regulation
         | 
         | [3] https://www.semasan.com/resources/exhaust-noise-laws-state
        
         | ortusdux wrote:
         | New York has implemented automated tickets for loud vehicles:
         | 
         | https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a39105913/new-york-automat...
         | 
         | I'd like to see a version for headlights, but the logistics
         | would be tricky. It's common in my area for people to lift
         | their trucks, and they rarely readjust their headlights
         | afterwards.
        
           | estebank wrote:
           | Every vehicle in (most?) states have to already be checked
           | regularly for things like emissions. There's no reason we
           | couldn't check for improper lights as part of that.
        
             | ortusdux wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_inspection_in_the_Uni
             | t...
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | I'm all in for freedom, but this is kinda crazy.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Emissions inspections are being sunset in more places. Even
             | where they're alive and well, it's gone from an active
             | check with a tailpipe detector and a dynamometer to just
             | plugging into the ODB-II and a visual inspection for
             | unauthorized emission modifications. _maybe_ a check for
             | smoke in neutral when going from idle to full throttle and
             | back.
             | 
             | Americans don't want their cars inspected, so a new
             | inspection criteria is unlikely. For those subject to
             | mandatory safety inspections, it might already be part of
             | the test.
        
             | rascul wrote:
             | Some states do check for headlight alignment.
        
         | hn_acc1 wrote:
         | I'm always amazed at how loud passenger pickup trucks are by
         | default here in the US - growing up in Canada, pickup trucks
         | were generally quiet / unobtrusive unless user modified. Here,
         | they seem to come LOUD from the factory - probably less
         | regulations, and it's cheaper to have a loud muffler and/or get
         | a few more hp/lb-ft for the towing wars.
        
           | levocardia wrote:
           | And because the clientele who buy trucks generally WANT
           | something that sounds loud and powerful. Not saying that's
           | good or bad, just how it is.
        
         | stonesthrowaway wrote:
         | I hope so. It's a "war" that I can get behind. Nothing more
         | annoying than some insecure loser revving his engine while
         | driving by your house. It's both noise and air pollution.
         | Should be banned outright.
        
       | cf100clunk wrote:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42332314
       | 
       | (12 points, 5 comments)
        
       | thefz wrote:
       | Whover wants to oppose these kind of headlights, and SUVs, will
       | have my vote.
        
         | spydr wrote:
         | Is your comment about SUVs simple because you notice this issue
         | is more prevalent in taller cars or because you don't like them
         | for other reasons? I myself have not noticed this correlation.
         | Some of the time it's after market crap the owner didn't bother
         | to adjust properly, but most of the time it's newer cars such
         | as Teslas where see this issue , and the sedans are fairly low
         | to the ground
        
           | HankB99 wrote:
           | With taller vehicles the headlights often start out higher
           | off the ground. Even if aimed properly, that puts oncoming
           | drivers in a brighter portion of the light as the distance
           | closes.
        
           | anon84873628 wrote:
           | Taller cars with higher lights definitely cause more of a
           | problem for other drivers, simply due to the geometry
           | involved.
           | 
           | I have a sedan, when another sedan pulls up behind me I don't
           | see their lights. When a tall vehicle pulls up behind me,
           | their lights shine directly through my rear window, reflect
           | directly from the rearview mirror, and cause glare on my
           | windshield. Incredibly frustrating.
        
           | thefz wrote:
           | Cars with a taller front end are more noticeable and I also
           | hate SUVs. There's no need to move a 2000kg monster vehicle
           | around, they use a lot of space and pollute a lot.
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | I always wondered if polarization could be a solution to the
       | problem.
       | 
       | Polarising headlights and adding a filter to the windshield.
        
         | djbusby wrote:
         | To all windshields?
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | Wouldn't the filter also end up dimming the things you are
         | trying to see?
        
           | andruby wrote:
           | Yes, I think it would. Polarized light typically remains
           | polarized when it reflects off a surface. (It's a complex
           | interaction so not always)
        
           | bedobi wrote:
           | that's easy to fix, just make the light brighter
        
         | estebank wrote:
         | Even if this could be made to work, which it can't with
         | polarization, it would still show huge disregard for anyone in
         | an older vehicle or any other mode of locomotion.
        
       | jp191919 wrote:
       | The blame lies completely with the NHTSA.
       | 
       | https://www.newsweek.com/nhtsa-roadblocking-headlight-techno...
        
         | martijnvds wrote:
         | Adaptive lighting isn't the best solution either.
         | 
         | Here in the Netherlands there are lots of complaints from
         | people on bicycles who get blinded by "adaptive" lights that
         | don't adapt, or don't do so quickly enough, probably because
         | they dont recognise the "profile" or shape of a bicycle.
         | 
         | The problem is even worse when coming over a hill.
        
           | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
           | Americans seem to hate cyclists, so that's likely to be seen
           | as a bonus!
        
         | afiori wrote:
         | this sounds like the CGP Grey video about solving traffic whose
         | solution* would completely eliminate pedestrian crossings.
         | 
         | My rule of thumb is that f a solution is extremely comfortable
         | for drivers then it is likely damaging to everybody else.
         | 
         | * basically turning all cars in a coordinating mesh network
        
         | Avshalom wrote:
         | ... or we could take the cheaper, less failure prone, simpler
         | option of not using ridiculously bright, blue headlights.
        
           | kjs3 wrote:
           | And miss a chance to blame the government for something?
           | Perish the thought...
        
       | arpinum wrote:
       | Link from the article demonstrates the issue:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkwjMV2of_8&t=697s .
       | 
       | Auto companies are violating the spirit of the regs while being
       | technically compliant.
        
       | djoldman wrote:
       | > Chris Trechter, a lighting-focused engineer who used to work
       | for Magna International, the largest automobile parts
       | manufacturer in North America, told me the company would adhere
       | to 108 in making headlights for clients like General Motors but
       | that the rule is "archaic." "It does not account for LEDs," he
       | said, "and there are giant loopholes that allow you to throw
       | basically unlimited light as long as you meet all the other
       | aspects of 108."
       | 
       | There are multiple references to this idea that you can have a
       | basically unlimited brightness headlamp because the way it's
       | tested is flawed. Anyone know how the testing process works?
        
         | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42332716
         | 
         | It sounds like there is an area that is focused on for the test
         | and they can engineer the lights to avoid putting too much
         | light in that area.
        
         | neuralRiot wrote:
         | Casually newer GM vehicles are one of the worst offenders
         | together with Tesla with their poorly-shaped light beaming,
         | that's maybe a cosenquence of having a front end in the vehicle
         | so high that the the headlights are level with the roof of
         | "normal" sedans.
        
       | jmole wrote:
       | How about taillight brightness?
       | 
       | I'm not sure if this has gotten better in recent years, but there
       | are a bunch of high-end vehicles (looking at you AUDI) with
       | extremely bright red LED taillights that are just painful to sit
       | behind at a red light.
        
         | alamortsubite wrote:
         | Yeah, but it's not just the brightness. It's also the strobing,
         | which is highly distracting and nausea inducing.
        
           | Zak wrote:
           | I'm assuming it saves $0.47 per car to use slow PWM to set
           | brightness rather than a linear regulator.
        
             | marssaxman wrote:
             | Is it possible to control LED brightness with a linear
             | regulator? I am surprised to hear it - when I was making
             | light effects with LEDs years ago, I understood PWM to be
             | the only practical mechanism, due to the strongly non-
             | linear conductivity curve.
             | 
             | But maybe it's possible, if you just want to fix your LEDs
             | at a specific brightness which never changes, that you
             | could find exactly the right current level...?
        
               | kedikedi wrote:
               | You can but it isn't efficient. You lose (V_in -
               | V_out)*I_led Watts to heat if you use a linear regulator.
               | 
               | You might ask why not connect them in series and get the
               | voltage difference as small as possible. But the "forward
               | voltages" of LEDs are highly temperature dependent and
               | car battery voltage is (somewhat) engine rpm dependent
               | (might swing between 12 and 13.8V between no rpm and some
               | rpm. It's kept flat at 13.8V)
        
               | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
               | Linear regulators can do it easily, if used in a
               | constant-current driver configuration. That constant can
               | be variable, so regulated-current might be a better name.
               | 
               | Your classic LM317 linear regulator can do it pretty
               | easily, with a potentiometer instead of a fixed resistor
               | to set the output current. Section 9.3.3[1] of the
               | datasheet describes the circuit, though in practice you
               | might add a couple of capacitors for stability.
               | 
               | There are also a number of discrete-transistor circuits.
               | A current mirror with a rheostat is probably the
               | simplest, though not generally ideal performance.
               | 
               | [1]https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm317.pdf?ts=1734395
               | 381792...
        
               | marssaxman wrote:
               | Interesting! I have used plenty of LM317s with LEDs, but
               | I never thought of using them to regulate brightness - I
               | would just pick whichever resistor corresponded to the
               | forward current specified in the emitter datasheet.
               | Didn't realize that there was enough room on the curve to
               | use current control as a meaningfully configurable
               | brightness setting.
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | As a flashlight nerd and reviewer, I know a number of
               | ways to control the brightness of an LED, and linear
               | regulators are a fairly common one. It's important to
               | note that a linear regulator can be designed to target a
               | specific voltage, or a specific current. LEDs should be
               | regulated with current for the reason you mentioned.
               | 
               | One that I think would work well in cars is a fixed-
               | current linear regulator like the AMC7135. There's no
               | need to do anything fancy to control it; put a 7135 in
               | the circuit and the LED gets 350mA. Two in parallel and
               | it gets 700mA, and so on. More fancy is a linear
               | regulator with variable current output.
               | 
               | Linear regulators are a low-end option for flashlights,
               | with switched-mode power supplies being preferred for
               | their superior efficiency. A car has a lot more energy to
               | work with and more mass with which to sink and radiate
               | heat.
        
             | ssl-3 wrote:
             | Does slow PWM save money?
             | 
             | I first noticed slow PWM in factory tail lights on
             | Cadillacs somewhere around the turn of the century. I
             | pointed it out to my dad one night when we were out for a
             | walk, and told him how to see it on a car that was
             | disappearing down the road.
             | 
             | It took a few seconds for him to understand and to observe
             | it himself, and then he said "I can accept that you're
             | annoyed by that, but maybe they just build them that way
             | because they think it looks cool."
             | 
             | Ever since that night, I have always assumed that slow PWM
             | was used as a deliberate visual effect: After all, General
             | Motors isn't really trying to squeeze a few pennies out of
             | a new Cadillac [that's what Chevrolet is for!].
             | 
             | (I also think it's a dick move on the manufacturer's part,
             | whether it is to save forty-seven cents, or if it is to
             | look cool, or even if it is both.)
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | This prompted me to go look for a better answer, and I
               | found a good candidate: pulsed current at a relative low
               | frequency (~60hZ) allows higher perceived brightness from
               | smaller/cheaper LEDs. From my perspective, it is
               | undesirable to increase the brightness of car taillights
               | relative to what was typical with incandescent bulbs or
               | to make them flicker.
               | 
               | https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/164078/wh
               | y-i...
        
               | neuralRiot wrote:
               | The PWM function is built-in into the electronic switches
               | that drive the light outputs, so you can programmatically
               | control the brightness, it also accepts different
               | switching frequencies so it's just a matter of increasing
               | the frequency for the "strobe effect" to be unnoticeable.
               | The advantage of these switches over analog are several,
               | including output diagnostic and lower power dissipation.
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | Keeping in mind that it's on a moving vehicle, and road
               | users often pan their eyes around rapidly, the frequency
               | would need to be higher than for many other situations.
               | 
               | Or they could use a variable linear regulator with no
               | flickering at all.
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | Is a higher switching frequency problematic, somehow? Is
               | there an upper bound on switching frequency that makes
               | LEDs difficult or unnecessarily inefficient or something?
               | 
               | There's nothing I'm aware of relating to the electronics
               | that drive them that would place such a low bound on
               | frequency that the resulting pulses would be visibly
               | distinct.
               | 
               | MOSFETs are generally good for > tens-of-KHz frequencies,
               | and so are the hardware PWM channels in every-day MCUs.
        
               | alamortsubite wrote:
               | Those early Cadillac LEDs were the worst, though I've
               | seen some new models from other manufacturers whose
               | taillights are almost as bad.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >strobing
           | 
           | I've never seen a strobing tail light. The most "strobing"
           | I've seen are some brake/tail lights that flash for 1-2
           | seconds right after they're turned on (to alert drivers
           | better? still annoying imo).
        
             | spaceisballer wrote:
             | I know some cars have the blinking when you are applying
             | sudden pressure to the brakes. To alert people behind them
             | they may be stopping quickly. People use their hazards in
             | some states for the same reason.
        
             | smcameron wrote:
             | Almost all LED taillights strobe, but too fast for most
             | people to see the strobing due to persistence of vision.
             | But if you move your eyes side to side while taillights are
             | in your field of view you can catch a glimpse of the
             | strobing.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | That blinking is usually a dealer installed add-on that can
             | be hard to get removed (and usually involves modifying the
             | factory wiring, thanks), generally on the high mount brake
             | light (CHMSL). I personally believe these lights violate
             | the law (and I think this letter supports that position
             | [1], if it's still current?), but dealers gonna deal.
             | 
             | But I think the poster is complaining about the higher
             | frequency flickering that's supposed to be imperceptible...
             | if you don't perceive it, that's better for you.
             | Unfortunately, I regularly see it especially when moving my
             | heads or eyes and find it pretty distracting. There's
             | circuit design techniques to reduce the flickering, but
             | saving pennies here and there adds up, so there you go.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.nhtsa.gov/interpretations/20288ztv
        
             | alamortsubite wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroboscopic_effect . See the
             | "Root Causes" and "Mitigation" sections for a discussion of
             | LEDs.
             | 
             | Also: https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1789/4479/
             | 
             | For me, it's the sudden sensation of being mashed in a
             | Berlin disco. While driving!
        
         | cbm-vic-20 wrote:
         | Are these rear fog lights? They tend to be bright, and lots of
         | people always drive with their fog lights on for some reason.
        
           | UniverseHacker wrote:
           | This- a lot of European cars have rear fog lights, which
           | people sometimes leave on all of the time, but really should
           | only be used in low visibility weather.
        
         | sans_souse wrote:
         | There are a lot of oblivious drivers operating their vehicles
         | with their tow-lamps enabled, who are not towing. There's a
         | button by the light cluster, for example on the Audi Quattro;
         | you may wonder what it does - or maybe you thought it was a do-
         | nothing button. It makes your tail lights equal to the
         | brightness of your brake lamps. CEASE USE.
        
       | teslabox wrote:
       | The shift to unsafe high-blue lights is simply a matter of
       | forgetting what was figured out. In the 20th century the lighting
       | companies (GE, etc) had all the money in the world, and spent a
       | lot on R&D. They figured out how to get the most efficient lights
       | possible for their customers. The scientists figured out exactly
       | how blue light causes inflammation in our eyes. There are good
       | reasons why cities used orange High Pressure Sodium [HPS] Bulbs
       | for street lights: HPS is very energy efficient (as good as most
       | LEDs), and they emit light that is almost blue-free.
       | 
       | Then LEDs were invented by companies that didn't have that old
       | R&D. The automotive industry gradually switched to LEDs for the
       | advantage of not needing to replace bulbs (but lights that fail
       | are now >$1000 to replace instead of $5)
       | 
       | Instead of putting safe low-blue LEDs on their cars (~2400K),
       | auto manufacturers are using 4000K to 5000K LEDs. These have too
       | much blue light.
       | 
       | To understand modern lighting, the term "spectral power
       | distribution" is quite helpful:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_power_distribution
       | 
       | Relative Spectral Power Distribution graphs show how much of each
       | color of the rainbow is in a given source of light. Incandescent
       | bulbs are mostly Red-orange-yellow light with a bit of green and
       | even less blue. 5000K fluorescent or LED bulbs are mostly blue
       | light with just enough red orange and yellow to trick people into
       | thinking the light is 'white'.
       | 
       | I emailed Daniel Stern a few years ago and asked, essentially,
       | 'why aren't auto manufacturers putting safe lights on their
       | cars?' The essence of his reply was that the automotive engineers
       | still know how to design safe headlights, but there were other
       | considerations in play. I took this to mean that the marketing
       | department told the engineers, "cars with safe headlights don't
       | sell anymore, so you need to design headlights with blue-white
       | LEDs." Daniel's response also helped me realize that the worst of
       | the headlights on the road in 2017 were LED retrofits, where
       | people bought LEDs to replace the halogen bulbs their vehicle's
       | headlights were designed to use.
       | 
       | The shift to unsafe lights started in the 80's or 90's, when
       | luxury brands started putting High Intensity Discharge lights on
       | their vehicles. These lights have more blue light than the old
       | incandescent and halogen headlights. Headlights with more blue
       | became associated with more expensive cars, even though blue
       | light is terrible for humans at night.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-intensity_discharge_lamp
       | 
       | Daniel has a webpage about how France used to require yellow
       | headlights:
       | https://www.danielsternlighting.com/tech/lights/light_color/...
       | 
       | The rest of Europe didn't require yellow headlights, and there
       | was a problem of having to put cadmium in the glass, so France
       | got rid of their requirement.
       | 
       | I submitted an AskHN a few years ago, but it didn't get much
       | traction: _Ask HN: What prevents the automotive industry from
       | using safe LEDs?_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27334405
       | 
       | In 2020 I sat down to think about why blue light at night is so
       | terrible, and sort of figured it out.
        
       | codethief wrote:
       | Last year I did a little roadtrip along the West Coast and
       | through parts of Nevada and one thing that boggled my European
       | mind was that, at night, on ordinary roads cars coming from the
       | other direction always had their high beams on and never switched
       | to their low beams as we got closer to each other. Same thing
       | when cars were behind me. Is switching to your low beams to avoid
       | dazzling other drivers not a thing in the US?
        
         | williamstein wrote:
         | It is a thing. Your experience doesn't at all match my
         | experience driving on the West Coast for the last few decades.
        
         | lupusreal wrote:
         | It's absolutely a thing. Sometimes people forget, and you can
         | remind them by flashing your highbeams at them. However that's
         | maybe one in fifty encounters in my experience, most people
         | remember most of the time.
         | 
         | A lesser known trick is you can flash your highbeams before
         | cresting a hill or going around a blind turn to warn drivers on
         | the other side. I rarely encounter other drivers who do this,
         | but when I do it almost always works.
        
         | seiferteric wrote:
         | Maybe, but also I get flashed by people thinking I have my high
         | beams on when I don't, so could be mistaken.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Because your headlights are too bright.
        
           | crims0n wrote:
           | Same, I drive a new model Suburban and constantly get
           | flashed. I think it is the combination of the LED headlights
           | and height at which they sit. I wish there was something I
           | could do about it, but it isn't user adjustable.
        
             | DiggyJohnson wrote:
             | You can absolutely adjust the angle of your headlights in
             | any modern vehicle. There's usually a screw somewhere
             | reasonably accessible. Drop it literally like 1 degree.
        
             | rpdillon wrote:
             | I'm not an expert, but it's likely to be an alignment issue
             | they could address at a shop.
        
             | neuralRiot wrote:
             | Check with your dealer, there was a recall on some GM lines
             | due to a DRL not dimming at night causing excess glare.
             | 
             | https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/rcl/2022/RCLRPT-22V903-6333.PD
             | F
        
           | myself248 wrote:
           | You are hurting them.
           | 
           | Take the hint and complain LOUDLY at your dealer until they
           | do something about it.
        
         | joe_the_user wrote:
         | I am currently having that experience here in Eastern Mountain
         | California now that it's dark and winter.
         | 
         | It's hard to tell really if always-on high beams are now common
         | or if SUVs + superbright beams makes it seem that way,
         | especially given there are a lot of hills that can make any
         | car's high beams seem on.
         | 
         | Still, I feel like "civility" here is breaking down and not
         | turning off high beams may be a part of it (though I'm aware
         | that feeling may be coloring my perceptions).
        
           | jghn wrote:
           | > always-on high beams are now common or if SUVs +
           | superbright beams
           | 
           | I think it's a little bit of both. I believe the latter
           | started the trend, and that confusion has led other people to
           | just say screw it.
        
         | xeromal wrote:
         | It is in the Southeast at least for about 90% of cases
        
         | hn_user82179 wrote:
         | Given that you said "always", I suspect they were the regular
         | headlights of those cars. Which is really what the article is
         | getting at. Especially because the height of cars in the US can
         | be much higher than you might see in Europe (e.g. a lifted
         | F-250), which point directly into the face of a driver in a
         | smaller car. I hate it.
        
         | UniverseHacker wrote:
         | Those are almost certainly not the brights! You'll find that
         | out real quick if you flash your brights at them, and see the
         | real brights!
         | 
         | In Europe lights have much better quality optics, that are less
         | blinding to oncoming drivers at the same light output. For the
         | most part, these are not US legal, and the even same European
         | car models when sold in the USA have much worse lights that
         | dangerously blind oncoming drivers.
         | 
         | I have always (illegally) retrofitted my vehicles with European
         | versions of the headlights, and I can see much better, and
         | blind other drivers less. It is absolutely insane that having
         | safe headlights is illegal in the USA.
        
         | MisterTea wrote:
         | > Is switching to your low beams to avoid dazzling other
         | drivers not a thing in the US?
         | 
         | It 100% is when I was learning to drive in the 90's. Growing up
         | I remember driving up the desolate back-roads of upstate NY on
         | our way to VT and my father loosing his shit when some moron
         | kept their high beams on. It was rare.
         | 
         | I bet a lot of it has to do with modern car automation where
         | auto dimming and other features are expected by newer drivers
         | to just work and they blissfully drive around expecting the car
         | to do everything for them. Laziness rendered by convenience.
        
       | UncleOxidant wrote:
       | My solution is to minimize driving at night. Harder to do in the
       | winter, but still doable especially if you work from home.
        
         | mackieem wrote:
         | I used to always find it _easier_ to drive at night because
         | cars would be like little Christmas lights, and the contrast
         | between headlights & the darkness of night made them very easy
         | to spot; now I'm blinded everywhere I go. Haven't ever
         | contemplated window tints but at this point it feels like I
         | either need to do that, or get a higher vehicle. Or just not
         | drive at night :')
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | safety! Safety!! SAFETY !!! brighter is safer, you loose:) there
       | has been another insane thing ,where the lights in schools have
       | gotten impossibly bright, and school bussses have strobes on top
       | that can be seen 50 miles away. Its guaranteed that there are
       | saftey comitties trying to legeslate much more extream measures
        
       | notatoad wrote:
       | this is sort of tangentially related: if you're feeling like
       | _every_ car on the road has overly bright headlights, get your
       | eyes checked. i 've been hearing people complain about bright
       | headlights, and noticed myself feeling really sensitive to it
       | lately.
       | 
       | turns out i have a slight astigmatism, and wearing glasses when
       | driving at night makes other cars headlights infinitely more
       | tolerable. there's still the odd vehicle that has obnoxious
       | headlights, but i went from most cars being intolerable to most
       | cars being totally fine.
        
         | Melatonic wrote:
         | This is also true
        
         | pesus wrote:
         | Some of us are also just stuck with naturally sensitive eyes,
         | unfortunately.
        
       | SoftTalker wrote:
       | California basically sets the standards that all automakers
       | follow for cars sold in the USA. If they can't sell a car in
       | California that basically makes it impossible for them to make
       | money.
       | 
       | California is so fond of regulating everything I hope they take
       | this on. But whether it's California, or the Feds/DOT, someone
       | needs to act. Headlight brightness is out of control.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | California emissions used to be a thing. California light
         | emissions could be too.
         | 
         | No California Light Resources Board sticker on your headlights
         | and you get a ticket. Give it at the same time as you get one
         | for no front plate. Somehow cars are sold without front plate
         | holders installed even though they're mandatory in California,
         | too :P
         | 
         | But yeah, I'd welcome rules in California as a first step if
         | the feds can't get it together.
        
         | rpdillon wrote:
         | This problem is a result of regulation, as it's not legal to
         | have steerable headlights that solve its problem like folks do
         | in Europe.
        
           | ssl-3 wrote:
           | It is legal, though -- or at least, it has been legal for a
           | couple of years.
           | 
           | https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/nhtsa-allow-adaptive-
           | dr...
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Steerable headlights seem too complicated/expensive and just
           | another thing to go wrong.
           | 
           | Just regulate the beam pattern and brightness with
           | consideration given to modern LED lighting not 1980's
           | incandescent bulbs.
        
       | pxc wrote:
       | I have a degenerative eye disease. As one of its features is loss
       | of visual acuity, my driving days are numbered. When they come to
       | an end, I'll likely have to move, as it's just not possible to
       | efficiently or affordably get around in environments other than
       | urban when you're blind.
       | 
       | Another feature of my condition is extreme light sensitivity, and
       | difficulties with contrast. I generally need a lot of it, but at
       | the same time, bright light washes out everything around it,
       | blinding me. That feature seems to be progressing more rapidly
       | than the loss of acuity in my case. Consequently, the extreme
       | brightness of headlights nowadays is likely to cut my night
       | driving still shorter, perhaps by years.
       | 
       | If you're not facing such a prospect yourself, it can be
       | difficult to appreciate what a loss of freedom and ease it is to
       | give up driving. It sucks bad.
       | 
       | I hope these overbright headlight haters continue to gain
       | traction!
        
         | BXLE_1-1-BitIs1 wrote:
         | Cataracts are commonplace in older drivers. Until the operation
         | is done driving at night can get you dazzled. But if you get
         | the fancy multifocal lenses, you will get halos.
        
       | MortyWaves wrote:
       | I'm in the UK and there's been an increase in the number of
       | people driving with actual full blown full beam headlights on.
        
       | jimnotgym wrote:
       | I would also like to add that the dazzling lights make it
       | impossible to see the tiny indicators modern cars have
        
       | jandrese wrote:
       | Can we get the same thing applied to bike headlights? At night it
       | is easier to bike on the road than the bike trail because almost
       | every bike headlight is in effectively high beam mode all the
       | time and are powered by outrageously bright LEDs. Sometimes they
       | even have an epileptic detecting strobe mode.
       | 
       | Personally, I'm not sold on the safety benefits of blinding and
       | dazzling all oncoming traffic.
        
         | pleonasticity wrote:
         | These cyclists unfortunately need to just point their headlight
         | downward--included in the installation instructions for almost
         | all bike headlights is the direction to point the light below
         | horizontal. That is also the only difference between automotive
         | high and low-beams: the angle at which they are directed.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | You would think that, but most bike headlights are just
           | throwing as much light as possible in a 180 degree arc so the
           | rider can spot drop bears and other related hazards. It is so
           | rare for someone to have a light that directs the photons
           | downward like an automotive headlight. When I was looking for
           | a headlight my local bike shop didn't sell a single model
           | that had that feature, in fact they made a big deal about
           | having 180 degrees of illumination and 1000 lumen output and
           | an oncoming traffic blinding strobe mode. Also, the bike shop
           | stock was hilariously overpriced for what it was. $5 of
           | flashlight components in a plastic case and they wanted $80.
           | It felt like the entire industry was being grossly
           | overcharged and underserved.
           | 
           | I had to construct my own headlight out of a flashlight and a
           | homemade deflector.
           | 
           | For example:
           | 
           | https://www.planetbike.com/products/beamer-700-bike-
           | headligh...
        
           | ssl-3 wrote:
           | The shape of the beam is important, not just the angle of it.
           | Part of what differentiates a low-beam headlamp from a high-
           | beam headlamp is the shape of the beam.
           | 
           | Bike lights, at least as-sold here in the States, seem to
           | generally be built from flashlight parts. And unlike car low
           | beams, flashlights project a circular beam.
           | 
           | With a circular beam, it is really hard to illuminate the
           | path ahead with any meaningful brightness without blinding
           | others.
           | 
           | A better beam pattern, ideally with sharp cutoffs, can
           | illuminate a pathway and the obstacles that may be on it
           | without unduly blinding others.
           | 
           | ---
           | 
           | I happened to buy one such light, just by chance, several
           | years ago. It's a "Schwinn Intensa 100" from Wal-Mart, part
           | number SW80251WM. It kind of sucks in terms of overall
           | illumination and is no good for high-speed rides at night,
           | but it does light up the path ahead and provides a sharp beam
           | cutoff to avoid blinding others. (So actually, it's pretty
           | excellent for casual riding.)
        
           | throw0101b wrote:
           | > _These cyclists unfortunately need to just point their
           | headlight downward_ [...]
           | 
           | On well-lit urban streets, you probably don't need more than
           | ~500 lumens, as the road is already illuminated and the light
           | is mostly about other people seeing you.
           | 
           | Also, having it flash in a _consistent_ manner (and not some
           | kind of  "random" cycle) is best, as it's easier to track a
           | simple on-off pattern with a deterministic frequency.
           | 
           | (If you're riding on non-lit roads or trails, then certainly
           | more lumens and further throw is useful.)
        
         | Melatonic wrote:
         | Buy bicycle lights designed to meet EU and or the proper German
         | / French regulations and they will have a cut off
        
       | UniverseHacker wrote:
       | I think they've always mistakenly focused on headlight brightness
       | (using wattage as a proxy), but the focus should really be on
       | beam shaping and optics quality.
       | 
       | Most cars sold in Europe have had much brighter lights than the
       | same models sold in the USA since the 70s and 80s, yet by using
       | better optics, they had a sharp clearly defined cutoff that
       | virtually eliminates all oncoming light to other drivers, while
       | lighting the road itself and the side of the road a lot more.
       | Yet, these brighter and more courteous lights had been illegal in
       | the USA.
       | 
       | I have a German SUV with extremely powerful HID headlights, and
       | on top of that, it is lifted- pretty awful for other drivers
       | right? No! Because it has good optics with a sharp cutoff, and
       | steerable headlights with tilt sensors on the suspension, and
       | always keeps the headlights pointed low enough to not blind
       | oncoming drivers, even when going over a bump. On top of that, it
       | steers the lights into turns, and away from oncoming drivers
       | around bends.
        
         | spaceisballer wrote:
         | You've nailed it. I miss my Audi with headlights that moved
         | when I turned the wheel. That alone would fix a lot of the
         | issues of being blinded when coming around a curve. A lot of US
         | pickup trucks just have lights across the whole front end, and
         | if you drive a car it's just illuminating the whole inside of
         | your car and every mirror.
        
         | michael1999 wrote:
         | How is it when you pull up behind me in my hatchback at a red-
         | light?
        
           | UniverseHacker wrote:
           | From the factory, the high beam cutoff would still be below
           | the bottom of your windows and mirrors, so it still wouldn't
           | be bright to you at all.
           | 
           | Since I did lift my vehicle for offroad use, if your vehicle
           | is unusually low and I pulled right up on your bumper it
           | could still shine bright inside (but still below the rearview
           | mirror level)- but I am quite aware of this, and never pull
           | forward enough that the cutoff rises above the bottom of the
           | car window in front of me. This is also just a good driving
           | technique for me as well, because it leaves me enough room to
           | escape the lane or drive around you if I need to in an
           | emergency, e.g. due to a disabled vehicle, etc.
        
             | michael1999 wrote:
             | Nice. Then my only problem would be my side mirrors. They
             | don't tilt or have a prism, so I'm boned there. But I can
             | just move my head to the side until we get moving again.
        
             | MisterTea wrote:
             | > This is also just a good driving technique for me as
             | well, because it leaves me enough room to escape the lane
             | or drive around you if I need to in an emergency, e.g. due
             | to a disabled vehicle, etc.
             | 
             | We were taught this in high school drivers-ed.
        
         | Melatonic wrote:
         | It's not even that the US has bad optics in our headlights
         | 
         | Dealers are the ones responsible for making sure headlights are
         | properly aligned before being sold so that the cut off is below
         | the regulated height. This is, however, not at all enforced or
         | incentivised. Which means that none does it and many headlights
         | are aimed too high
         | 
         | Many people also replace standard or HID bulbs with cheap LED
         | bulbs which are not designed for the original housing and that
         | results in crazy high lumens spraying everywhere without a
         | proper cutoff.
         | 
         | Police mask have no incentive to ticket for any of this and the
         | end result is being blinded at night constantly by either mis
         | aligned headlights or cheap super bright LED bulbs.
        
           | UniverseHacker wrote:
           | That is all true, but even if properly aligned, most new cars
           | in the USA have awful headlights with no sharp cutoff line at
           | the top, so there is no way to point them to light the road
           | well while not blinding oncoming drivers.
           | 
           | Moreover, like I mentioned, quite a lot of European cars have
           | systems to automatically align and even steer/shape the beams
           | dynamically, and do not require that type of adjustment.
           | 
           | VW's "dynamic light assist" for example, actively detects
           | oncoming vehicles and dynamically reshapes the lighting
           | pattern to block most of the light going directly towards
           | other vehicles, while still lighting everything else.
        
           | MisterTea wrote:
           | > Police mask have no incentive to ticket for any of this
           | 
           | You used to get pulled over for running with high beams on in
           | NYC. The usual reason for doing so was to hide a broken low
           | beam head lamp and hope the cops didn't notice. Nowadays you
           | can do whatever TF you want around here and no one seems to
           | care.
        
         | jcrawfordor wrote:
         | I think the problem with modern cars in the US is quite the
         | opposite - the increasingly well-tuned optics are exacerbating
         | the problem.
         | 
         | Modern cars indeed have a very sharp, well-designed cutoff at
         | the top of their beam patter. This makes correct vertical
         | aiming very sensitive: aim just slightly too high and oncoming
         | drivers get nearly the full output of your headlights; aim just
         | a little too low and your vision range becomes noticeably
         | limited. Older headlights, with much softer upper beam
         | patterns, were far more forgiving.
         | 
         | The problem is bad enough that, on my 2022, I carry an 8mm
         | wrench in the glovebox so I can adjust the headlight aim as
         | needed. This is particularly important because the aim is
         | sensitive enough that loading or unloading the back of the car
         | changes the level stance enough to put the headlights
         | noticeably out of aim.
         | 
         | Compounding this problem, it's very common for cars to have
         | poorly-adjusted headlights from the factory, often too high. I
         | think this is because the factory adjusts the lights for a
         | combination of the rated loading and not getting complaints
         | from new buyers (which is more likely when they are aimed too
         | low). Additionally, at least in the US, the "correct" alignment
         | of the headlights is defined by the position of the headlight
         | themselves (the top cutoff should be level to the position of
         | the bulb, is the simple version, although I think the more
         | formal version specifies a measuring distance and slight upward
         | tolerance). This means that tall vehicles like pickup trucks
         | will blind oncoming drivers of shorter vehicles when properly
         | adjusted---once again, this was a much more forgiving problem
         | when the top of the light pattern was much softer, but has
         | become extremely noticeable now that headlights emit their full
         | output almost all the way to the top.
         | 
         | I understand that auto-leveling headlights and headlights with
         | a cabin height adjustment are much more common in Europe. For
         | whatever reason they're rare in the US, and I think it might be
         | difficult to get them to comply with US regulations which I
         | understand to be somewhat archaic on this topic. Auto-leveling
         | is probably the best technical solution available.
         | 
         | How does it work on your German SUV? are the headlights aimed
         | appreciably below level? Perhaps Germany uses a fixed height at
         | fixed distance standard, which I think might be a better choice
         | overall, but does have its downsides (allows lights on small
         | cars to be aimed a lot higher).
        
           | UniverseHacker wrote:
           | It works very well- the cutoff is always below the bottom of
           | the window even on small sports cars, yet it lights the road
           | itself a long ways. When the back squats due to loading it
           | up, hauling a trailer, or I go over a bump with the front
           | wheels- the headlights always stay pointed down out of
           | peoples eyes. My vehicle is 15 years old, newer German SUVs
           | have dynamic beam shaping that detects cars and actively
           | blocks the light in just the right spots.
           | 
           | Related to your other comments- I think taller vehicles
           | should still have the lights themselves mounted low, and
           | should angle downwards somewhat, not just forwards. It should
           | not be legal to build or drive a car where the cutoff is high
           | enough to blind people in normal cars.
        
       | jeffrallen wrote:
       | It took thousands of words to get to alignment. That's the key.
       | Switzerland has strict vehicle safety inspections, including an
       | automated alignment test, and we don't have glare problems that
       | I've noticed.
        
       | norir wrote:
       | The most compelling issue to me came at the end of the piece, but
       | it is much deeper and harder to address: the increasing lack of
       | civility and anti-collectivist tendencies in American life.
        
       | mackieem wrote:
       | I live in Michigan and my time is spent between two vastly
       | different affluence levels; the richer sides have excruciatingly
       | bright headlights that blind me in my non-tinted Sonata, and the
       | poorer sides are riddled with the droning of modified and/or
       | broken exhausts.
       | 
       | Used to like cars at one point but nowadays I find that my only
       | (okay, only _daily_) grievances in life are noise from cars &
       | driving at night in rich areas, both of which have soured my
       | views on cars.
        
         | nunez wrote:
         | Shitty truck lifts with improperly adjusted headlights unifies
         | them both.
        
       | g8oz wrote:
       | Oh God yes please someone do something about this.
        
       | BXLE_1-1-BitIs1 wrote:
       | SAE standards are there so North American manufacturers can cheap
       | out.
        
       | joe_the_user wrote:
       | I gotta say, the tone of this article offends me. They basically
       | put things as "these people are complete weirdos though they
       | might have a tiny spec of a point, chuckle".
       | 
       | And "war"? You can see these a few voices in the wilderness with
       | no leverage 'cause this little society presents the average
       | person with no way to do anything about the many "little
       | annoyances" of this society presents even when they add up to
       | something nightmarish or happen to strongly affect a minority.
        
         | MichaelZuo wrote:
         | Isn't political leverage defined relative to the average
         | person?
         | 
         | So this seems like a tautology.
        
       | nunez wrote:
       | I'm getting Gunnar computer glasses for night time driving. It's
       | designed for the same problem in a different form: ever-bright
       | LED monitors.
       | 
       | And that's the heart of the problem, really. LEDs are getting
       | brighter everywhere. As thigs get brighter, our vision acclimates
       | to the new brightness until it's not bright enough, which drives
       | demand for brighter things, which we acclimate to, etc. ad
       | nauseum.
       | 
       | As for me, I've switched to eInk panels for reading on the
       | Internet (which is most of what I do) and use a red color filter
       | at night or in dark spaces. I want to save my eyes for as long as
       | possible!
        
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