[HN Gopher] Inside the university AI cheating crisis
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Inside the university AI cheating crisis
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 59 points
       Date   : 2024-12-15 23:17 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | HomeDeLaPot wrote:
       | How do students that cheat with AI pass the exams?
        
         | tkgally wrote:
         | A lot of university courses don't have exams. Rather, the
         | students are graded based on projects, papers, or
         | presentations.
         | 
         | I've been teaching at a university for more than 20 years, and
         | only a few times have I given students a final exam. I used to
         | assign final papers, but I stopped doing that in the spring of
         | 2023, when ChatGPT was becoming widely known and I couldn't
         | decide how to deal with its use by students.
         | 
         | The big issue, in my opinion, is that AI can be used
         | productively and ethically in education; it can be used to
         | cheat; and there's a huge gray area between those two extremes,
         | where there doesn't seem to be any consensus yet.
         | 
         | For example, suppose a student uses Claude to brainstorm
         | topics, then chooses one from among those topics and researches
         | it in depth, then does some more brainstorming with ChatGPT
         | based on what he or she found, and then jots down what he or
         | she wants to say as bullet points. Finally, Gemini is used to
         | write a paper that presents the information in those bullet
         | points in a logical and well-formed manner, and the student
         | checks the paper and makes revisions before turning it in. Is
         | that okay?
         | 
         | When I've discussed this issue with humanities faculty, they've
         | generally regarded that kind of AI-assisted writing to be
         | cheating. Science faculty, however, have been more receptive to
         | it, as they care more about the accuracy and originality of the
         | ideas than about how the words are strung together. My sample
         | was small, though, and I am sure that there are different
         | opinions on both sides.
         | 
         | I retired from my full-time university post in March 2023. Now
         | that I'm teaching only one class a semester, I have each
         | student do a final one-on-one presentation and interview with
         | me, which makes up a large part of their grade. I'm able to do
         | that because I'm teaching only that one class. If I had a full
         | teaching load with a hundred students or more total, there's no
         | way I could interview each one individually.
        
         | eddsolves wrote:
         | A few universities scrapped exams during Covid and didn't bring
         | them back, focusing on coursework instead
        
         | ars wrote:
         | If you use AI exclusively I assume they won't. But I feel like
         | most people who use it, use it to save some time - like they
         | have the general idea of what they want to say, and just need a
         | little help polishing it into a final form.
         | 
         | Like that joke about how you write a summary, use AI to expand
         | it, then the recipient uses AI to get a summary. It's no longer
         | a joke - it's really happening.
         | 
         | I've also seen students use AI to understand material - instead
         | of reading the material, they feed it through AI to explain it
         | to them. This is either a mediocre student who'll have a hard
         | time if they ever need to do original research, or it's a bad
         | teacher. Either way they'll do OK on the exams.
        
         | gixco wrote:
         | I graduated before LLMs but after WolframAlpha and I
         | essentially cheated my way through calculus I and II. Lenient
         | grade weighting made 90s on the homework and 60s on the exams
         | enough to slide through with a C. Funnily enough, now that it's
         | over a decade later and I know more about myself and my
         | neurodivergent patterns, I feel much more able _and_ interested
         | in actually learning calculus. I 'm looking forward to seeing
         | the pedagogical changes that result from LLMs enabling this
         | sort of trickery for all subjects.
        
       | mackross wrote:
       | We've built a solution in conjunction with a university to this
       | problem that is pretty low effort to implement, but very few
       | professors can be bothered to even try it out (the apathy and red
       | tape is unreal). Honestly, it has been disheartening that
       | distribution is so tough, as the results have been great for
       | those who are using it.
        
         | fardinahsan wrote:
         | Could you share the product and some details about it? I'm
         | curious.
        
         | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
         | > very few professors can be bothered to even try it out
         | 
         | Do you happen to know if there is some overlap between these
         | professors and professors who also refuse AI-detectors? Apathy
         | could be the reason but I wonder how much of it is driven by
         | cynicism encouraged by the inefficacy of AI-detecting tools.
        
         | michaelmior wrote:
         | As a professor would be interested in a solution to this
         | problem, I'd be curious to see hear more details. FERPA issues
         | can sometimes make it difficult to adopt solutions where
         | student info of any kind needs to be sent to a third party.
        
         | alins wrote:
         | Would you please share more details about this?
        
       | a_bonobo wrote:
       | TurnitIn's cheating detection tools have always been garbage -
       | and I say that as an ex-academic who was 'forced' to use those
       | tools extensively (the PDFs submitted by students are only
       | visible in the Turnitin portal with the 'flags' to the right).
       | 
       | Even before the 'AI detection' tool (IMHO snake-oil) the features
       | around copy-pasting/plagiarism were so bad I always ignored them.
       | The tool would flag things like commonly used coverpage forms.
       | That universities pay a fortune for those tools is an indictment
       | of the industry.
        
         | papreclip wrote:
         | The one student who got caught for plagiarism when I was a TA
         | was busted by turnitin. Maybe the tool isn't perfect but it
         | caught this student who had painstakingly replaced every single
         | word in a copied paper with a synonym. I'm talking "perhaps the
         | utility is not flawless, but the use of this utility allowed
         | for the apprehension of a pupil who..." etc.
         | 
         | I was surprised at the level of effort
        
           | KittenInABox wrote:
           | I'm always shocked at how much students will put in effort
           | simply not to do an assignment given. I guess this is just
           | part of what you will get when you attach cultural and
           | economic worth to a set of hoops to jump through [even if the
           | intent is to have institutions of knowledge, sadly I think
           | many students just see it as a way to get economic
           | stability].
        
             | christianqchung wrote:
             | Unrelated to the cheating part, if you don't see American
             | colleges primarily as a path to economic stability, I think
             | you are probably either rich that it doesn't matter or
             | haven't seen the bottom 25% outcomes of college graduates
             | who didn't treat it as a financial opportunity/investment
             | and are struggling.
        
           | falcor84 wrote:
           | More likely that they used something like quillbot or
           | grammarly for automatic paraphrasing.
        
             | papreclip wrote:
             | This was about 15 years ago
        
               | ffsm8 wrote:
               | grammarly is pretty old, Not sure when it became
               | available, but it was already pretty well established as
               | a high quality writing assistant by ~2012.
               | 
               | It had various tools and heuristicsv to suggest different
               | phrasings and better words that were pretty incredible if
               | compared to anything else back then
        
           | joe5150 wrote:
           | So it either only caught a single cheater among some unknown
           | number, or only a single student cheated? Neither case seems
           | to justify the expense and hassle of subjecting everybody to
           | this process, not to mention everything else wrong with
           | TurnItIn.
        
         | michaelmior wrote:
         | As a current academic who uses Turnitin regularly, I find it
         | works fairly well. There are a lot of false positives, but it
         | also regularly identifies actual plagiarism for me.
        
       | carabiner wrote:
       | I am enormously glad I went to college before these tools
       | existed. I don't know how I would handle myself with access to
       | them.
        
         | ars wrote:
         | It depends on your goal: Do you just need that piece of paper
         | with your name on it? Or are you going to school to really
         | learn material?
        
           | mmooss wrote:
           | What we do depends on much more than our goals. There's also
           | stress, time pressure and workload, emotional problems, money
           | issues, competitive pressure, fears (of failure, of
           | disappointing important people, etc.), exhaustion, etc.
           | 
           | People don't do bad things because that's their goal but
           | because of these issues. If you give humans an easy way to do
           | bad things, many people under pressure will do it.
        
           | mupuff1234 wrote:
           | You also know that you probably shouldn't eat that extra
           | cookie and yet...
        
           | carabiner wrote:
           | We all start out with good intentions. Do we all know if we
           | would follow them to the end?
        
         | proteal wrote:
         | I did undergrad before chatGPT and now I'm back in school for
         | an MBA at a school where the school pays for all students to
         | have access to GPT4o. Maybe because we're all older the tools
         | are less of a problem, but I would say they have been a net
         | positive. GPT3 was ass and students could easily tell when a
         | classmate used it for their group contributions. Profs seems to
         | be about 6-12 months behind the curve in terms of the tech. All
         | profs are aware and thinking deeply about how AI is changing
         | how they teach.
         | 
         | Group papers are usually made into an outline at first and then
         | we divvy up the responsibilities. If you use AI, most kids only
         | care if your work sucks. AI consistently scores like an 80-85%
         | (profs sometimes submit and blindly grade the responses), but
         | almost always misses the core teaching points of classwork.
         | 
         | In my program, grades don't matter (so employers can't stack
         | rank us). People who make extensive use of AI are really only
         | cheating themselves. If you're a big AI user, other kids
         | generally know and try to avoid forming groups with you if they
         | know in advance. You learn better when learning alongside
         | others and if all someone does is dump AI slop in the google
         | doc, you're wasting my time in addition to yours.
         | 
         | I use AI to flesh out points, especially on assignments I don't
         | care about. It can help for idea generation and "connecting the
         | dots" between ideas, but I always edit the output because the
         | AI makes stylistic choices I don't like. It's definitely an
         | accelerator for me when writing papers. I stand behind all the
         | papers I've submitted, though some have sucked (regardless of
         | AI usage or not).
         | 
         | In undergrad, when my priorities were less about learning and
         | more towards dating/partying, I definitely would have abused
         | this tool. At the end of the day, using the tool mainly cheats
         | your own learning. I hope they transition to talking about
         | using LLMs like one uses gambling - a little is fine here and
         | there but if it's all you do that's a problem.
         | 
         | I'm not sure what to do about elementary age kids, because the
         | AI easily writes "better" essays. At least in college I could
         | do better than an AI if I applied myself. But in sixth grade?
         | Good luck me. Cats out of the bag now and we should be really
         | empathetic to the younger generations. Imagine getting slammed
         | with TikTok->Pandemic->ChatGPT in the span of like 6-7
         | formative years. They are growing up differently and I
         | certainly have no clue what we need to do to help them be
         | successful.
        
           | carabiner wrote:
           | If I could wave a wand to wish away all LLM's I would do it
           | in a heartbeat. More harm than good.
        
           | histriosum wrote:
           | > In my program, grades don't matter (so employers can't
           | stack rank us).
           | 
           | Can you expand a bit on how that works? I have limited
           | academic experience, so I'm fascinated. Does everyone end up
           | with a 4.0 if they pass, or..?
        
           | michaelmior wrote:
           | > I hope they transition to talking about using LLMs like one
           | uses gambling - a little is fine here and there but if it's
           | all you do that's a problem.
           | 
           | If I hire someone to manage my money, I don't want them to do
           | any gambling. Although given that investing is somewhat of a
           | gamble, I at least want to set the terms and have them to
           | disclose to me exactly how they're gambling.
        
       | indymike wrote:
       | This is an easy to solve problem: oral exams / interview exams.
        
         | gedy wrote:
         | Agreed, but you know someone will shout bias or whatever
        
         | metal_am wrote:
         | That's how grad degrees are done. But there's simply not enough
         | time to do this at an undergrad level with potentially hundreds
         | of students.
        
           | bnchrch wrote:
           | Unless... You have an AI listening and evaluating their oral
           | exam.
           | 
           | I know it sounds like a farce. Because it is. But it might
           | also be a proper solution.
        
           | michaelmior wrote:
           | Not really in my experience. That's how final PhD
           | examinations are typically done. Outside of that, it's pretty
           | rare. That said, PhD students are also regularly interacting
           | with faculty members and discussing their work so it would be
           | difficult to get by without actually knowing things.
        
           | User23 wrote:
           | Today's first year undergraduate is roughly as literate as a
           | sixth grader was a century ago. College was never meant to be
           | a mass remedial education program and by attempting to be one
           | it's failing at its core mission.
           | 
           | All this nannyware of various sorts is just more evidence,
           | proof even, of how few of those students should even be
           | there.
        
         | UncleMeat wrote:
         | Rough when you have 200 students.
        
           | tverbeure wrote:
           | Rough, but perfectly doable. It's how pretty much all my
           | finals were done way back when. Classes of 200 and more.
        
             | michaelmior wrote:
             | Depends on the institution. If you have one faculty member
             | for all those students and no TAs (yes, this happens) then
             | it's going to be rather c hallenging.
        
         | mupuff1234 wrote:
         | Or just regular written exams.
        
         | BrenBarn wrote:
         | That's mentioned towards the end. The problem is it requires
         | much more time and labor to give oral exams.
        
         | somnic wrote:
         | Or just any normal proctored exam?
        
       | kelsey98765431 wrote:
       | > "What if I'm doing an MA, or in a job, and everyone got there
       | just by cheating..."
       | 
       | This is absolutely the problem here. The work is done, the
       | answers are right, the report is the best anyone has seen, but oh
       | no a fancy new tool was involved so its CHEATING! This is so
       | friggin stupid. When i get my work done I am responsible that it
       | comes out right. When its right, thats just it. - it's right. No
       | matter how i got there it's fine. But wait, what if i used some
       | freelance platform to farm out my job to another person then turn
       | in their work? Well that's breach of NDA and my terms of
       | employment. So what, are the student over here committing wage
       | theft of some kind even though they are the ones paying for
       | tuition? Make this make sense to me, you can't. School is a job
       | you pay to do so you can learn to get good at a job you get paid
       | to do. Somehow school ends up being a bad investment and we get
       | mad at the students? Schools are broken and useless and at this
       | point i would prefer my doctor was great at using chatgpt and
       | checking the results carefully over being taught at an
       | educational institution.
        
         | scandox wrote:
         | The purpose of most educational productions is not to produce
         | some correct thing but to undergo a process of learning
         | required to produce the thing.
        
           | timenotwasted wrote:
           | And now academia needs to adapt since they can't just assign
           | out all the learning to the students. All this is doing is
           | exposing how broken the entire concept of higher-ED learning
           | as been for quite some time.
        
         | ARandumGuy wrote:
         | Why do we teach kids how to do basic arithmetic by hand? After
         | all, calculators are basically ubiquitous at this point. Why
         | waste the time teaching a skill that's not necessary as an
         | adult?
         | 
         | The reason is because doing arithmetic by hand teaches kids how
         | math actually works, while using a calculator just teaches them
         | how to find the answer. This base-level understanding is
         | crucial for understanding more advanced math. But it's also
         | important for making mental estimations, or just having a basic
         | grasp on how the world works.
         | 
         | This is why students using ChatGPT is a problem. If you never
         | put in the actual work in the first place, you never gain any
         | actual understanding. A doctor "great at using ChatGPT" won't
         | know how to check the results carefully if they've relied on
         | ChatGPT for their entire education. Having a baseline skill set
         | is crucial for evaluating LLM output, and for handling
         | situations that LLMs can't handle. And there will _always_ be
         | situations LLMs can 't handle, regardless of how advanced genAI
         | becomes.
        
           | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
           | This seems like it's replying to a misunderstanding of their
           | comment.
           | 
           | > A doctor "great at using ChatGPT" won't know how to check
           | the results carefully if they've relied on ChatGPT for their
           | entire education.
           | 
           | They _didn 't_ rely on ChatGPT for their education; they
           | relied on ChatGPT for finishing homework. If they go over the
           | generated essay and make sure it doesn't have any
           | inaccuracies and they _consistently do so correctly_ , what's
           | the problem?
        
           | falcor84 wrote:
           | > Why do we teach kids how to do basic arithmetic by hand?
           | 
           | I think kids waste way too much time doing hard arithmetic by
           | hand. As a particularly egregious example, I visited a
           | Montessori primary school where they demonstrated what is
           | essentially a complex single player board game, for
           | calculating square roots by hand. It's a process whereby a
           | 5th grader would take ~10 minutes to calculate the root of a
           | 3 digit number, by moving dozens of pins around. It looked so
           | silly, and while other Montessori equipment offers
           | geometrical intuition, this one seemed to offer none.
           | Squaring with trial and error would have been so much easier.
           | 
           | Other more typical examples are of kids spending hundreds of
           | hours practicing long multiplication and long division of
           | e.g. 4 digits, and then getting punished and stressed out
           | about having made silly mistakes. While in the real world, no
           | one in their right mind would choose to perform these
           | calculations by hand any more, and would instead use a tool
           | incapable of making arithmetic mistakes.
           | 
           | I don't have a clear solution, but would tend towards an
           | educational system that teaches only the very basics of
           | performing each mathematical operation (probably up to the
           | level the average literate adult would do mentally), and then
           | focus the rest of the time on problems where the students are
           | the ones posing the question, using a calculator/computer to
           | solve it, and then check whether the answer makes sense in
           | the original context.
           | 
           | EDIT: For those curious about it, I just found a blog post
           | demonstrating the logic behind this square root peg board.
           | The author of the blog argues that it does help build
           | understanding, but from what I saw, I would politely
           | disagree.
           | 
           | https://borisreitman.medium.com/square-roots-the-
           | montessori-...
        
             | ARandumGuy wrote:
             | Obviously there's a balance to be struck. There are
             | certainly schools and teachers that teach arithmetic
             | poorly, and there's a practical limit to the amount of
             | hours spent doing equations before it becomes tedious
             | busywork.
             | 
             | But I still think it's important that kids are taught how
             | to do arithmetic by hand. And part of that will involve
             | repetition, both to help reinforce and practice skills, and
             | so educators can more accurately gauge a student's ability.
             | You can't just bypass the need to sit down and do the work,
             | even if the exact amount of work necessary is debatable.
        
             | christianqchung wrote:
             | This argument can be extended downwards infinitely. You can
             | argue against teaching addition and writing of any form
             | with this mindset.
             | 
             | I also think this argument means that theoretically someone
             | with a 6th grade education and a 12th grade education
             | should have the same economic output, as they both know how
             | to read and add/multiply numbers. In real life the reason
             | someone drops out before/during high school is always
             | extenuating life circumstances, so the outcomes are much
             | worse for them. But in a world where that didn't happen, do
             | you think the outcomes would be essentially identical?
        
             | User23 wrote:
             | > what is essentially a complex single player board game
             | 
             | Perhaps this sounds silly, but I think that's actually
             | deeply interesting. There is a profoundly deep relationship
             | between calculation and games. This applies not just to
             | ordinary arithmetic, but also things like game theoretic
             | proofs to prove the soundness of logical inference rules.
             | Exposing children to that relation, even with a toy case,
             | sounds like it could be fruitful.
        
         | FigurativeVoid wrote:
         | But this was always the case. When I was studying chemical
         | engineering, it was an open secret that all the students were
         | cheating. There was a giant google drive with all the solutions
         | manuals, old tests, old programs, lab reports, whatever you
         | wanted.
         | 
         | That's why pencil and paper tests were worth 80% of the grade.
        
         | michaelmior wrote:
         | > Well that's breach of NDA and my terms of employment. So
         | what, are the student over here committing wage theft of some
         | kind even though they are the ones paying for tuition?
         | 
         | Students are typically agreeing to submit original work. It's a
         | breach of the terms they agreed to, so I'm not sure it's so
         | different.
         | 
         | > i would prefer my doctor was great at using chatgpt and
         | checking the results carefully over being taught at an
         | educational institution.
         | 
         | What is checking over the results carefully going to do if your
         | doctor has never been taught medicine?
        
       | codingwagie wrote:
       | Maybe this will finally liberate humanity from educational
       | prestige dominating life outcomes.
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | What about education?
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | We'll be free of that as well.
        
           | spudlyo wrote:
           | I'd never let school get in the way of my education!
        
             | codingwagie wrote:
             | :)
        
           | User23 wrote:
           | If these students cared about education they wouldn't be
           | using AI to avoid learning how to do the work.
        
       | krunck wrote:
       | My wife is an English prof at a local University. She is tired of
       | being put in the position of being an AI cop. She is tired of 10%
       | students whose work was flagged wasting 50% of her office hours
       | trying to convince her that their work is real.
       | 
       | For her literature classes - where the class grade is composed of
       | a participation grade and a written work grade - she is strongly
       | considering getting rid of all written homework. Instead all
       | writing work will be _hand written_ in class.
        
         | gizajob wrote:
         | I've been saying for a couple of years now that academic essays
         | are going to have to go back to being handwritten. It seems
         | like possibly the only solution.
         | 
         | The job of essays isn't to produce a Word document of text that
         | can get a grade above 70 - it's to demonstrate and improve the
         | student's writing and thinking. The computer seems to have now
         | completely messed this up.
        
       | mmooss wrote:
       | We need validation of GPT detection tool accuracy (false/true &
       | negative/positive), and in what circumstances, or they are
       | useless. Without independent information about whether something
       | is GPT-written [1], there is no way to verify it, so they can't
       | be verified on submitted student papers where the info is from
       | people (students) with very strong incentives to lie (not wanting
       | to be caught).
       | 
       | Here are a couple references in the article, but I would like to
       | see a review of this question:
       | 
       | > Researchers at the University of Reading recently conducted a
       | blind test in which ChatGPT-written answers were submitted
       | through the university's own examination system: 94% of the AI
       | submissions went undetected and received higher scores than those
       | submitted by the humans.
       | 
       | > One study at Stanford found that a number of AI detectors have
       | a bias towards non-English speakers, flagging their work 61% of
       | the time, as opposed to 5% of native English speakers (Turnitin
       | was not part of this particular study).
       | 
       | [1] That needs to be defined: Every word? mostly? GPT-written
       | then edited? What about ideas from the humans and writing by GPT?
       | First draft by human and editing by GPT - what about using it as
       | a grammar checker? For suggestions on clarifying some tricky
       | passages? ?
        
       | ramoz wrote:
       | Prompts need to be integrated into grading/eval of where students
       | are mentally. Like - cite/attach your prompts to the paper, code,
       | whatever.
        
       | cpcpLLM wrote:
       | I think that there will be people that will only learn to copy
       | LLM generated text, and they will be not able to look like people
       | that learn.
        
       | vander_elst wrote:
       | Why cannot this be solved by written exams?
        
       | MrMcCall wrote:
       | In an world with honorable human beings raised in Wisdom, we
       | would understand that cheating only hurts ourselves in the long
       | run, but that is not our world majority's ethical zeitgeist at
       | the moment.
       | 
       | The lack of ethics, like all selfishness, propagates
       | inefficiencies into the greater society, as exemplified here for
       | our overworked and underpaid teachers.
       | 
       | Our son has become quite a good chess player over the past 6ish
       | years, during which online chess cheating via engines has
       | proliferated. I explained to him that he is completely
       | responsible for being able to honestly say, "No." in answer to
       | the question, "Have you ever cheated in online (or over-the-
       | board) chess?".
       | 
       | Having a decision matrix that leads to ethical action confers a
       | specific peace that accompanies knowing that one has done nothing
       | wrong. In a world full of liars and cheats, _being_ honest is its
       | own very special and quite rare power, looks to me.
        
       | babkayaga wrote:
       | there is no crisis. stop teaching students to write trash, using
       | ai or not. if the essay is good, it should get an A.
        
         | from-nibly wrote:
         | Just came to the same conclusion with my professor father in
         | law. If AI can actually do a good job at writing some
         | assignment then people shouldn't be bothering with that thing.
         | If it can't it will not matter that it was written by AI it
         | will just be bad.
         | 
         | Also our universities are failing us if the only thing we get
         | at the end is a boolean piece of paper (or even one represented
         | by a floating point number).
         | 
         | This is like servers at McDonald's complaining that the
         | customers are cheating with trash cans because they aren't
         | eating the meals they buy, just throwing them in the trash. Why
         | would they do that?!?!? Because someone told them they need to
         | go to McDonald's "for the experience"?
        
         | itishappy wrote:
         | Is content the only thing that matters? What if the whole class
         | submits the exact same essay? What if the next class submits
         | the exact same essay too?
        
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