[HN Gopher] Our muscles will atrophy as we climb the Kardashev S...
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       Our muscles will atrophy as we climb the Kardashev Scale
        
       Author : hosolmaz
       Score  : 64 points
       Date   : 2024-12-16 17:34 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
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       | tonetegeatinst wrote:
       | Interesting blog post. I think the majority of what you see is
       | that due to how rapidly technology and other fields have bloomed
       | via human involment, and due to how we have become an
       | interconnected society due to the industrial revolution.
       | 
       | I think that the major way humans cope/tackle this is via
       | specialisation. While not for everyone, most people seem to find
       | a job in a field, and the work in that field helps us support a
       | more complicated society than we can fathom. Most people can't
       | memorize all the stuff from multiple domains, or they would burn
       | out. Most people don't understand how truly complex a
       | semiconductor is, or how electricity and power is generated, or
       | how to design a car. These are just basic examples but I'd argue
       | a really good example of how humans have chosen a specific domain
       | or thing and over time developed better understandings of the
       | field and topic. The average person could do any job I'd argue.
       | 
       | We are not as physical as we used to be, we have "engineered"
       | ourselves replacements. The tractor, the car; both replaced
       | horses but at the cost of needing someone who understood the
       | principal of the new technology.
       | 
       | Be it robot workers replacing amazon warehouse employees, or the
       | tractor that improved the farmers ability to harvest or plant
       | crops; both required smart people to not only develop them but to
       | maintain them.
       | 
       | I'd argue while we really are less physically active, due to
       | technology and general advancements we have made over the years;
       | this comes at the cost of mental strain. We mentally must process
       | and think more than ever before, pushing our brains to keep up so
       | we can stay relevant.
        
       | cyberax wrote:
       | Stupid premise.
       | 
       | We already have exercise mimetics in pre-clinical trials. If you
       | can keep yourself fit with zero expenditure of time, why wouldn't
       | you?
        
         | delichon wrote:
         | The joy of motion and physical effort.
        
           | happytoexplain wrote:
           | The parent means "why wouldn't you stay fit (either manually
           | or with drugs)" rather than "why wouldn't you do it with
           | drugs".
        
             | brodouevencode wrote:
             | Because some of us have high levels of skepticism with that
             | stuff. Even the GLP-1 inhibitors are too new to really get
             | a handle on. The only proven methods to health are those
             | that have existed before we ever came along: a clean diet
             | and (good) exercise.
             | 
             | History shows time and time again that there are no free
             | lunches in nature.
        
         | gr3ml1n wrote:
         | Do you have any useful search terms for them?
        
           | 383toast wrote:
           | i assume EMS (electrical muscle stimulation)
        
             | cyberax wrote:
             | No, exercise mimetics are drugs that stimulate the same
             | biochemical pathways as regular exercises.
        
           | Mistletoe wrote:
           | Sometimes I think that is what metformin and statins do,
           | because weirdly enough both seem to blunt the exercise
           | response. I'd love to take them but I already exercise.
        
           | cyberax wrote:
           | "Exercise mimetics" are fine. You need to look at the
           | professional publications. It's a very active area of
           | research, so things change rapidly.
           | 
           | The newest research:
           | https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/388/2/232.long
           | 
           | Here's a nice, but a somewhat obsolete review:
           | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8728540/
        
       | DevX101 wrote:
       | Bold take to proclaim we'll figure out interstellar travel before
       | we figure out how to prevent muscle atrophy.
        
         | 383toast wrote:
         | also bold take to proclaim we'll still have human bodies before
         | moving up kardashev scale
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | We are human bodies.
        
             | exe34 wrote:
             | Replace it one cell at a time. Ship of Theseus awaits to
             | set sail.
        
               | guerrilla wrote:
               | Bodies are processes, like chemical reactions or baseball
               | games, not "objects." No problem.
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | objects undergo processes. atoms in your body are
               | replaced over a period of hours-years.
        
               | chimpanzee wrote:
               | Is a tornado an object or a process?
        
               | reverius42 wrote:
               | Is a thought an object or a process?
        
             | srveale wrote:
             | Homo sapiens is subject to speciation just like every other
             | animal.
             | 
             | Then there's cyborgs...
        
             | chimpanzee wrote:
             | Amen.
        
           | pk-protect-ai wrote:
           | also bold take to proclaim, that humans will be required for
           | teleoperation...
        
           | 7thaccount wrote:
           | One of the lead SETI researchers wrote about this and how
           | biological life might just be a transitory phase.
        
         | Mistletoe wrote:
         | We already know how to prevent it, it's called anabolic
         | steroids or testosterone. Once I read a study that showed
         | sedentary people on testosterone gained more muscle mass than
         | people actually working out.
        
           | automatic6131 wrote:
           | Bhasin et. al 2001. If you get in many internet fights about
           | bodybuilding, it's an important part of your repertoire :-)
        
             | schmidtleonard wrote:
             | If you don't get in many internet fights about
             | bodybuilding, testosterone can fix that too.
        
           | dyauspitr wrote:
           | Yes that's how you get an enlarged heart and die by 35.
        
             | GenerWork wrote:
             | I take it you're talking about people like Dallas McCarver,
             | whose autopsy found his testosterone levels to be extremely
             | elevated [0] because of the number and volume of substances
             | he was taking. If you're just taking base TRT and actually
             | do cardio alongside weightlifting, you'll probably be fine.
             | 
             | [0] https://drmirkin.com/histories-and-mysteries/dallas-
             | mccarver...
        
               | dyauspitr wrote:
               | Fundamentally the heart is a muscle and anabolic steroids
               | and test stimulate muscle growth in muscles at a cellular
               | level. There's no way to have one and not the other.
               | 
               | That's just the tip though. They have all kinds of far
               | reaching effects ranging from curtailing height,
               | significantly reducing IQ, constant skin breakouts,
               | altered moods, hair loss, severe anxiety, paranoia,
               | kidney and liver failure, bone breakages etc, severe and
               | permanent decrease in the testosterone you naturally
               | produce etc.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | Great-grandparent comment is talking about
               | supraphysiological doses of test and anabolics, not
               | replacement-level T (TRT). I agree that physiological
               | dose TRT in people with otherwise-low T is safe.
        
             | optimalsolver wrote:
             | Even more importantly, test causes hair loss.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | Sort of. Some fraction of test (natural or exogenous)
               | converts to DHT via 5a-reductase, and some people (not
               | everyone) have DHT-sensitive hair loss.
        
           | YawningAngel wrote:
           | Those are really unpleasant and dangerous to take and
           | basically not an option for half the population though
        
           | layman51 wrote:
           | My first thought is the study must be capturing what they
           | call "newbie gains" or "diminishing returns". The sedentary
           | experimental group can gain muscle so fast because they are
           | just starting out on their journey.
           | 
           | Also, it kind of reminds me of the idea that athletes take
           | these as performance enhancing drugs because it helps them in
           | the same way that following a strength-training program would
           | help them.
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | It isn't just beginner gains. Testosterone and anabolics
             | are really, really effective. (They also have horrible side
             | effects.)
        
           | justinator wrote:
           | It truly is a wonder therapy with no known side effects. I
           | pair it with Ozempic! /s.
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | Testosterone is a very broad spectrum way to mess with your
           | whole body.
           | 
           | Much better to do something targeted like reduce myostatin.
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | You probably know this, but -- while the myostatin area is
             | an interesting subject for research and drug development --
             | unlike testosterone, therapies are not commercially
             | available (yet).
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | They'll also tear their ligaments and tendons when they go to
           | use that muscle mass...
        
           | jjcm wrote:
           | This is me. I cycle on and off testosterone (100mg/w for 12
           | weeks typically) and combine it with light exercise (20-30min
           | of lifting 3x a week). Other than that my only exercise is
           | walks with my dog (typically ~45min). The rest of the time
           | (~12hrs/day+) I'm at my desk. When I'm on testosterone it I
           | definitely see major results, just from that level of
           | exercise.
           | 
           | My perspective on it is it is borrowing from the future. I
           | feel better while on it, but it's just changing what the
           | problem is. I've turned a sedentary lifestyle issue into a
           | hormone issue. There are side effects (ie enlarged heart in
           | the future). I'm using it as a crutch while I have a
           | demanding job that keeps me working for longer hours.
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | FWIW the research does not show enlarged heart or many of
             | the other negative side effects for people taking TRT at
             | therapeutic, physiological doses (like, your 100mg/week is
             | not supraphysiological for many men with low T). (And if
             | you aren't low T, why take exogenous T? Especially given
             | your concerns about borrowing from the future.) The heart
             | issues and other bad side effects happens when bodybuilders
             | take 200-5000 mg/wk doses.
        
         | jeffreyrogers wrote:
         | We know how already: exogenous testosterone (or other, more
         | anabolic hormones), but that has downsides like left-
         | ventricular hypertrophy, masculinization in women, and (usually
         | reversible) infertility.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | Yes, yes, it's safe to presume GP means "figure out muscle
           | atrophy without the well-known terrible side effects of
           | current treatments" from even a mildly charitable reading of
           | his comment.
        
         | yreg wrote:
         | Interstellar travel is not a prerequisite for K1 or K2.
        
         | mperham wrote:
         | I think realistically we have to reduce our body mass by 99% if
         | we want to go interplanetary, much less interstellar. It's
         | extremely expensive to drag around 70kg of meat and minimizing
         | weight is key to making solar sails work.
        
           | owenpalmer wrote:
           | We definitely don't need to reduce it for interplanetary
           | travel.
        
           | knowitnone wrote:
           | Sure, let's remove 70kg. That'll get the ship moving...not.
        
           | dmonitor wrote:
           | that's a fun thought experiment, but not at all practical
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | Will we even remember what a muscle is at that point?
        
         | AtlasBarfed wrote:
         | It's not just steroids and replacement testosterone.
         | 
         | I recall certain classes of drugs that make mice into muscle-
         | bound warriors, I believe using a different pathway then
         | steroids.
        
       | ecshafer wrote:
       | This post vastly under-estimates the amount of malnutrition in
       | most societies pre-modern times. Even with heavy physical labor,
       | I would be willing to bet that the average physical laborer in
       | say 1800, who we know was significantly smaller, would be weaker
       | as well. Farmers and people who do physical labor do build
       | muscles, but they also have modern high nutrition diets and
       | medicine.
        
       | snozolli wrote:
       | _In another vein, technology could also help us perfectly fit
       | bodies by altering our cells at a molecular level. But if there
       | is no need to move to contribute to the economy, why would anyone
       | do such an expensive thing?_
       | 
       | Because it's nice to have the strength when you need it. Also, it
       | protects your body. I developed a bulged disc in my neck from
       | decades of spending too much time at a computer. Muscular balance
       | and variety of movement is critical to maintaining a healthy
       | body. Not to mention benefits like lessening injuries from
       | accidents.
        
         | shermantanktop wrote:
         | Also because physical attributes are a key component of
         | attractiveness, regardless of their actual utility.
         | 
         | We're not just economic units. We eat, we love, we breathe
         | fresh air, we sleep. Even in a far-flung future, if we are
         | still human, we are still animals.
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | And it is not even expensive to a full type 1 civilization on
         | the Kardashev scale. We just need to hack some genes to not
         | require exercise to develop muscle mass. We already can do it
         | with drugs, and we probably could do it genetically if it
         | wasn't for safety and ethical concerns. As for the cost, I
         | expect a Type 1 civilization to be able to fix genetic diseases
         | as a routine operation, and they could fix muscle atrophy at
         | the same time, if desired.
         | 
         | Muscle mass requires more energy, but by definition, a Type 1
         | civilization has no shortage of it. And I expect making food
         | out of thin air (like plants do) would be the kind of
         | technology such a civilization would have.
        
       | ANewFormation wrote:
       | If society ever developed along the lines proposed, which is
       | highly improbable to begin with, then speaking of humanity as a
       | whole is a complete nonstarter.
       | 
       | We'd naturally fork, because that future sounds like a dystopic
       | hellscape to many (if not the overwhelming majority).
       | 
       | And indeed once we reach the point of being able to reliably
       | colonize other planets, large scale splintering (both physical
       | and cultural) will begin near immediately. You'll have
       | libertarian planet, Islamic planet, even the Mormons will finally
       | have their planets! And so on.
       | 
       | And the people who want to sacrifice their bodies to go enter the
       | machine will certainly have their own little slice of the
       | universe as well.
        
         | 383toast wrote:
         | getting splintered metaverses seem way more feasible than
         | splintered physical planets
        
           | elzbardico wrote:
           | Then you get a Chicxulub and it is all over.
        
           | jerf wrote:
           | You have to have _everyone_ go into the splintered metaverses
           | to avoid physical expansion. Everyone. Every biological body.
           | Every AI. Every AI written for the specific purpose of having
           | a long enough time horizon to settle new locations
           | physically. Even the AIs written specifically to marshal
           | together the physical resources to build more metaverse
           | computing power. Even the AIs and fiesty biological bodies
           | who one way or another end up with a 100% bias towards
           | physical reality. Even the many, many beings who will quite
           | accurately observe that no matter how short-term appealing
           | this is a long-term loss. Even the beings who specifically
           | want to be the ones in charge of the physical machinery and
           | see an advantage to continuing to expand it. Every. Last.
           | Being.
           | 
           | I don't think this degree of uniformity is plausible.
           | 
           | I reject this as an explanation for the Fermi paradox for
           | similar reasons, except they're even more relevant across all
           | of the putatively common alien civilizations. I don't even
           | find it plausible that all of human civilization would do
           | this, let alone all of every civilization ever.
        
             | ANewFormation wrote:
             | I couldn't agree more, but with one exception. I tend to
             | heavily indulge the simulation hypothesis, but the nuance
             | here being that it's not necessarily just an arbitrarily
             | simulated complete reality.
             | 
             | Our lives do an unbelievably good job of teaching us
             | endless unteachable lessons. What if life as we know it is,
             | for instance, little more than a day's lesson in another
             | reality? Or a day of a gaming? Perhaps a test of character
             | for some sort of role? There's no reason to assume time,
             | and life expectancy as we know it, are universal truths.
             | Even within our own reality the rate of the passage of time
             | is variable.
             | 
             | The only problem I have with the simulation hypothesis is
             | it being turtles all the way down. Imagine you pass from
             | this world only to 'awake' in another. How does the exact
             | same simulation argument not just apply yet again? It seems
             | fundamentally unfalsifiable and circular, but I suppose
             | that is standard for any explanation of life.
        
               | c22 wrote:
               | I believe this is actually one of the strongest arguments
               | for the simulation hypothesis. If simulated worlds are
               | possible then there are almost certainly more simulated
               | worlds than non-simulated worlds (of which there can only
               | be one) so therefore the odds of existing in a simulated
               | variety are never less than half and likely much higher
               | or else simulated worlds cannot exist with enough
               | fidelity to remain undetected.
        
               | dpassens wrote:
               | I think the last part is the problem with this argument.
               | We can already simulate worlds (Minecraft), they're just
               | very different from our own. It has to be possible to
               | actually simulate our universe. Not just theoretically,
               | but also practically: Someone needs to have enough
               | energy, time, engineering ability, other resources, and
               | enough motivation1 to run the simulation.
               | 
               | Also, if you permit me to get spiritual for a moment, I
               | believe that it could be theoretically possible to
               | simulate any fully materialist universe, but I'm not
               | convinced consciousness can arise from doing maths. Since
               | I am conscious, this universe must not be simulated, no
               | matter how many simulated worlds actually exist.
               | 
               | [1] I'm assuming that most creatures intelligent enough
               | to understand the concept of simulating a universe will
               | want to try it. But if it takes an entire civilization to
               | do so and that civilization has to choose between, say,
               | spending the energy on simulation running or on food
               | production, it's pretty clear what will happen.
        
         | UltraSane wrote:
         | In the excellent very hard sci-fi novel Diaspora by Greg Egan
         | humanity has split into 3 main branches that don't really trust
         | each other much.
         | 
         | biological humans, which are subdivided into various
         | genetically altered varieties and the original unmodified
         | humans.
         | 
         | nuclear powered humanoid robots that are not allowed on earth
         | but are perfect for working in space.
         | 
         | fully simulated humans being run on nuclear powered computers
         | buried deep underground for security. Their minds run 700 times
         | faster than normal humans.
         | 
         | This feels pretty plausible to me.
        
         | meiraleal wrote:
         | Can't wait for the Rastafari planet
        
       | SubiculumCode wrote:
       | While its fun to explore ideas, this post commits the
       | intellectual sin of simple extrapolation-ism when everything is
       | just oh so much more complicated than that. As others are
       | pointing out here in the threads, biological interventions for
       | physical strength are inevitable.
       | 
       | This stands to reason once you mentally discard exercise as a
       | pre-requisite of strength. An elephant is strong, not because it
       | exercises, but because of the biological mechanisms e.g. genetics
       | that says: grow big, grow strong, and the effect size of those
       | mechanisms are much much larger than individual differences due
       | to exercise. It is clear, at least to me, that the need for
       | exercise for adjusting strength has more to do with not spending
       | extra energy building a body that has high upkeep if it isn't
       | needed for survival.
        
       | keiferski wrote:
       | I don't know, to me it seems like biomedical engineering and
       | manipulation will take off and develop a lot sooner than people
       | willingly "upload" their minds to a machine - itself a dubious
       | idea full of problems. I think it's far more likely that current-
       | state humans _won 't_ be exploring the stars, but a genetically
       | modified version of them will be.
       | 
       | I think there is much less angst regarding the idea of upgrading
       | humanity piecemeal, a la the Ship of Theseus, than there is to
       | fully discarding one's body for a digital existence. This has
       | already sort of happened over the last few hundred years with the
       | concept of transplantable organs. Prior to the widespread
       | acceptable of the interchangeability of organs, it was not
       | uncommon to think that your self and body are unified and linked
       | in a way that implied organ transplation was problematic or
       | undesirable.
       | 
       | And on that note - is it just me, or are biological visions of
       | humanity's future fairly scarce in sci-fi and in futurism
       | (another name for sci-fi)? My guess is because such topics seem
       | dominated by software engineers, physicists, etc. that are less
       | interested in biology.
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | I recently re-read Frederick Pohl's _Plague Of Pythons_ which I
       | will try hard not to spoil for you. In it there is not only the
       | most evil set of villains that I 've ever seen in science fiction
       | based on dear Tellus, but they suffer muscular atrophy too.
        
         | GlacierFox wrote:
         | Sounds like an interesting book, added it to my reading list.
        
           | optimalsolver wrote:
           | "Gateway" by the same author definitely worth a read, too.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | Oh yeah, _Gateway_ one of those sci-fi books that reads
             | like literature.
        
         | RunningDroid wrote:
         | "Plague of Pythons" is available (for free) on Standard Ebooks
         | for anyone else interested in reading it:
         | 
         | https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/frederik-pohl/plague-of-py...
        
       | visarga wrote:
       | When we get to that point we will have the right methods to
       | sculpt our bodies as we like. It's a matter of hormones or some
       | other biological hack.
        
         | derektank wrote:
         | There's no guarantee of this. It's quite possible that muscle
         | and bone cells require the stress of weight loading to develop
         | properly and that there's no simple hack to make them do it
         | without that response.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Maintenance of one's muscular-skeletal system is a Goldilocks
       | problem. Too little exercise leads to atrophy, but too much also
       | leads to degeneration. Eg the productive lifetime of slaves in
       | the labor-intensive Caribbean sugar plantation system was only
       | about 10 years. Breakdown of joints, ligaments and tendons was a
       | common problem related to overwork (and is commonly seen in
       | athletic training today).
       | 
       | Similarly, my understanding of the history of yoga in India is
       | that it was introduced because of the sedentary lifestyle of the
       | Brahmin caste, and much like with office workers today in the
       | USA, it served to keep them in decent physical shape.
        
       | usixk wrote:
       | Physical health is directly correlated to mental health, if
       | anything we'd all be jacked to the teets
        
       | caycep wrote:
       | everyone knows our future is predicted by Wall-E
        
       | justinator wrote:
       | I don't think I actually agree with this guy. As anyone who is
       | trying to grow their body knows, rest is important -- just as
       | important as working out and workouts aren't all-day affairs
       | either. You can get very strong with only a few hours/week in the
       | gym.
       | 
       | That's different than subsistence farming, where you're doing a
       | lot of work at sub max levels most every day. You may get
       | strongish, but you won't get large.
       | 
       | Consider a modern day elite marathon runner, who works out >10
       | hours/week. They can only do so at sub max levels of effort. The
       | top end are prone to injury (overtraining), and the training
       | itself limits muscle development.
       | 
       | The majority of us are getting weaker and fatter. A few of us are
       | still testing the limits of human physiology. The difference is
       | you have a choice to be whatever part of the spectrum you want to
       | be. Most choose "weak and fat".
       | 
       | Much of this is tied to nutrition, which I don't think is talked
       | about in the fine article. Same story, we have a choice to eat
       | the best for us food, or to eat crap. That wasn't always the case
       | for the subsistence farmer.
        
         | ffsm8 wrote:
         | You can get large with decently defined muscles with medium
         | time investment.
         | 
         | But real strength, like farmers traditionally had, is hardly
         | visible and needs an insane amount of time just handling heavy
         | weights.
         | 
         | These people look completely average but can easily handle way
         | more weight than the totally jacked body builder can.
         | 
         | But if the goal is mainly the physic and not strength... Then
         | yes: a few hours a week is plenty
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | I wouldn't claim they can handle more weight (since top
           | bodybuilders are lifting insane weights to get those
           | muscles), but they can certainly do it for much longer than
           | bodybuilder who trains for short bursts of maximum efforts.
           | Our body literally builds only around the effort it
           | experiences, and 0 more, running in absolute minimalist mode.
           | 
           | If you ever ie been running, say at 10km consistently, try to
           | move that one day to 20km while maintaining the intensity.
           | Significantly harder, you may experience various connective
           | tissue issues too and not just muscle and energy management.
           | 
           | Or break a leg or two like I managed with recent paragliding
           | accident, don't move one of them for 3 months and you will
           | find that body, in its quest for lowest energy spending at
           | all costs literally consumed all connective tissue to barest
           | minimum, so stuff just doesn't move at all. I guess other
           | mode didn't develop since in our distant past, like in rest
           | of animal kingdom, broken leg meant certain death.
        
       | hwillis wrote:
       | Silly.
       | 
       | 1. Myostatin inhibitors are _already_ in development. We 're
       | already using a drug that stops us from getting fat, why would we
       | not use a drug that prevents atrophy?
       | 
       | 2. This is entirely focused on what would be efficient at a
       | global scale, while decisions are made on individual's desires.
       | People (in general) want to look muscular and fit; it's as
       | hardcoded into our reproductive desires as anything else is.
       | Given increasing resources, is it reasonable to assert that
       | people will choose to totally forgo their biological body? Why is
       | it impossible for them to have the same productive advantages
       | while retaining a physical body for when they want it?
       | 
       | Human desire trumps production, _even in the long term_ , or at
       | least medium term. I could eat monkey chow every day and never
       | have to do dishes or cook ever again, and save an extra 10 hours
       | a day. I could wear the same thing every day so a machine can
       | fold it. I can put my brain in a jar to avoid commuting. But no
       | matter how much technology advances, if I still spend 8 hours
       | working with my brain implant or whatever then I'm still doing at
       | worst 24% as good as the guy working 24/7. Why would it ever be
       | worth giving up such basic human pleasures as eating or sex just
       | for 4x the salary?
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | > Given increasing resources, is it reasonable to assert that
         | people will choose to totally forgo their biological body?
         | 
         | Maybe sexual selection will be altered by further technological
         | changes. If we manage to technologically replicate the feeling
         | of amazing sex with super hot individuals on demand, there
         | would be little point in expending the effort it takes to have
         | a great body for that purpose.
         | 
         | There are plenty of other reasons great to exercise regularly.
         | For one, it helps stave off the negative effects of aging in a
         | way that I doubt a pill will ever manage. But that's also an
         | argument for ridding us of these pesky bodies that we have to
         | be carried around in.
        
           | swayvil wrote:
           | If paying the rent is our aim, who knows what unnecessary
           | limbs may be disposed of. What need has a programmer for
           | legs? Or arms even, if neuralink happens.
        
       | frankhhhhhhhhh wrote:
       | Sounds a lot like slavery.
        
       | up2isomorphism wrote:
       | He probably should worry about our brain atrophy sooner than our
       | muscles.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related. Others?
       | 
       |  _Kardashev Scale_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40327782 - May 2024 (28
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Kardashev Scale_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27067895 - May 2021 (5
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Classifying Civilisations: An Introduction to the Kardashev
       | Scale_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26108947 - Feb 2021
       | (1 comment)
       | 
       |  _The Kardashev Scale_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24084021 - Aug 2020 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Nikolai Kardashev (of Kardashev scale fame) died_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20619494 - Aug 2019 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Kardashev Scale_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20603386 - Aug 2019 (31
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Kardashev scale_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2183106
       | - Feb 2011 (15 comments)
        
       | archagon wrote:
       | I've been wondering if a similar phenomenon will be observed with
       | our mental muscles. Will future generations know how to write a
       | coherent e-mail or essay? Will they know how to approach solving
       | a complex problem without AI assistance? Will doodling in class
       | be supplanted by Midjourney prompting? Why bother thinking too
       | hard when the machine can do it for you?
       | 
       | When we are all immersed in the substrate of AI, will there be a
       | gym equivalent for the intellectual?
        
       | rekabis wrote:
       | Bold of them to assume we'll survive the century at any level
       | above the Iron Age, and with any population above the high
       | millions to low billions.
       | 
       | Capitalism is keeping us locked into the "Business As Usual"
       | model that will bring us to civilization-destroying climate
       | change by the middle of the century, and with tropics-denying
       | lethally high wet bulb temperatures that will get well into the
       | temperate zone by the end of the century. Think most of CONUS
       | being uninhabitable for multiple days to weeks every year, with
       | or without AC.
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | The ideal towards which we all strive is, of course, the Dalek.
        
       | asdasdsddd wrote:
       | Why do we use weird arbitrary milestones like the (logarithmic)
       | Kardashev scale. It adds literally nothing useful to otherwise
       | fun conversations like this.
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | Jargon is often used for in-group signaling.
        
           | wy35 wrote:
           | Yes. "Kardashev Scale" has now become a slop indicator.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | Tech can surely overcome muscle atrophy if it was a real issue.
       | Do we even need muscle if we add more powerful add on to walk for
       | example? I would argue we want to keep muscle because we can have
       | very precise control and feeling, unless the new stuff can make
       | it even better.
        
       | bradarner wrote:
       | A castle built on sand. The only way to take the premise of this
       | claim seriously is to ignore data for the past 100 years.
       | 
       | When I was in the US military, we all complained about the Body
       | Mass Index standards. They were based on the WWII era "normal".
       | Men were smaller. Less muscle mass. Shorter. If the average fit
       | American young man tried to fit into a pilot's cockpit from the
       | 1950's, it would feel quite cramped. Like it was built for much
       | small people. It was.
       | 
       | We have certainly climbed the Kardashev scale since the 1950's.
       | To what degree is a matter of contention. But, all would agree
       | that we have moved up the scale.
       | 
       | Muscle atrophy has not been correlated with the growth. The
       | opposite seems true. The average American, both male and female,
       | has more muscle mass than in 1924. A 2024 person spends
       | significantly more time on average in a gym pushing their muscles
       | to hypertrophy than in 1924.
       | 
       | In addition, it is likely that the romantic picture of the
       | average laborer "bodybuilding" is fictive and ignores how muscle
       | atrophy and hypertrophy works. Most laborers are NOT doing
       | activity that leads to hypertrophy. They are staying well within
       | cardiovascular zones of muscle activation. Hence, bodybuilders as
       | we know them are largely a modern phenomenon. And they are
       | certainly WAY more muscular.
       | 
       | Seems the model that underlies this claim is built on seemingly
       | demonstrably false premises.
        
         | RankingMember wrote:
         | > The average American, both male and female, has more muscle
         | mass than in 1924.
         | 
         | I don't necessarily disagree with your thesis, but I'd be
         | genuinely interested in reading the source on this, unless you
         | just mean because people are bigger overall they have more
         | muscle as a function of weight.
        
           | bradarner wrote:
           | No, I do mean precisely the average muscle mass is higher.
           | Granted we are dealing with statistics. There is inevitably a
           | lot more context than just a myopic focus on this single
           | fact.
           | 
           | Dated but still relevant:
           | https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/evolution-bmi-values-us-
           | adult...
           | 
           | This is particular relevant in the military because your
           | fitness level is graded relative to you BMI. Hence, it is
           | common trope one hears in the military. It is a practical
           | question in the military. If the BMI is based on 1950's
           | pilots and today's soldiers have a higher average BMI, then
           | it can have an impact on promotions, fitness scores, health
           | assessments, etc.
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | > The average American, both male and female, has more muscle
         | mass than in 1924.
         | 
         | This is true, but sort of a sleight of hand -- obese people
         | that don't exercise have more muscle mass than non-obese people
         | who don't exercise, just to carry around all of the fat. And
         | obviously the average American, both male and female, is more
         | overweight/obese than in 1924.
         | 
         | (I agree with basically everything else you say, though.)
        
           | bradarner wrote:
           | Agreed, I was debating whether or not this was relevant to
           | mention.
           | 
           | What I could have added was a caveat that sample non-obese
           | people from each time would indicate that 2024 people have
           | greater average muscle mass.
           | 
           | Personally, a more interesting question is whether growth
           | along the Kardashev scale leads to a greater disparity in
           | muscle mass vs body fat. The past 100 years would seem to
           | indicate that it is possible. That being said, it could also
           | be a uniquely American phenomenon. My hypothesis would be
           | that avg muscle mass among French men has still grown over
           | the past 100 years but I don't think obesity has grown to the
           | extreme that it has in the USA.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | The major federal government food assistance programs came out
         | of findings in WW2 that many potential recruits were literally
         | malnourished and underweight. They had grown up poor and
         | starving during the Great Depression. Beyond the human tragedy
         | this was a national security issue. Some men were too small and
         | weak to meet military standards.
        
         | voldacar wrote:
         | It's worth noting that the anatomic accuracy of classical
         | statues like Laocoon, the Farnese Hercules, etc. indicates that
         | there were at least _some_ men walking around in antiquity with
         | an amount of muscle mass that could only be developed by
         | deliberate hypertrophy training of the whole body, as opposed
         | to just getting muscle as a side effect of specific athletic
         | training. It seems like these people were doing something quite
         | similar to modern bodybuilding, goal-wise.
        
           | tartoran wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnasium_(ancient_Greece)
        
         | brodouevencode wrote:
         | Agreed.
         | 
         | Anecdotal: I helped my dad a few years ago do a lot of
         | genealogy. He had pictures going back to the late 1800s for one
         | branch of the family that just arrived from Ireland. Most of
         | the men were shirtless and you could count every rib. There was
         | very little muscle.
        
           | maxerickson wrote:
           | Y'all are talking about noise inside of stage 2 from the
           | link. A lot of it just being due to economics.
        
       | whatever1 wrote:
       | I need three hands so that I can hold my smartphone at alll times
        
       | kibwen wrote:
       | Not that our muscles aren't important, but I'm less worried about
       | our muscles atrophying as a result of technology and more worried
       | about our brains atrophying as a result of technology.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | More people read more things off of more screens than ever
         | before in history.
         | 
         | This fear is unfounded. It isn't the proliferation of
         | technology that is making people dumber; it's the American
         | cultural deemphasis of education, entirely independent of
         | technology.
        
           | knowitnone wrote:
           | Yes, with the internet, I've read more, learned more than it
           | would have ever been possible without the internet. But with
           | LLMs, I fear the part of our brain that performs
           | reasoning/critical thinking will diminish. Just look at all
           | those who fell for flat-earth, alien cow abductions, anti-
           | vax, etc.
        
       | ganzuul wrote:
       | ...So I'm advanced?
       | 
       | This means I'm advanced.
        
       | jonnycoder wrote:
       | He says he has a hard time beating his feather in arm wrestling
       | despite him working out. Anecdotally blue collar people have much
       | strong wrist flexion (cupping) than us white collar people, but
       | pronation and technique can help negate that. My experience shows
       | that power cleans can help with arm wrestling but not many people
       | do those.
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | Yeah, arm-wrestling is kind of a specific skill that isn't
         | covered by most "exercise" (including strength training) unless
         | you are specifically focused on it. It's like notorious for
         | skinny-looking specialists being able to best jacked non-
         | specialists.
        
       | nunez wrote:
       | Absolutely correct.
       | 
       | Traditional office culture makes it very difficult to get a
       | proper workout in while, at the same time, confining you mostly
       | to your chair, hunched over a desk (and/or craning over a small
       | screen), to view things on a screen that eats away at your eyes
       | by default.
       | 
       | WFH made this worse. I've worked with so many people that start
       | work at 0700 and end at 1700 or later.
       | 
       | Add shitty, cheap food, 2.5 kids and a partner in there, and
       | you're basically on an express train to bad hips, bad knees, poor
       | health markersa and immobility at (not so) old age.
       | 
       | "Work out during your lunch hour," you say. The author spends a
       | lot of time on muscle use. Powerlifting workouts require lots of
       | rest between sets, especially as you get stronger. Spending 2h on
       | a workout is normal in powerlifting. Not happening during lunch
       | hour, not like this matters because someone will just schedule a
       | meeting over it anyway.
       | 
       | "But I wake up at 0400..." No. Just no. (A) A parent with two and
       | a half kids is not getting up at ass o clock in the morning to
       | chase that pump (or work out to stay healthy) when their kids are
       | gonna wake them at 0640, and (b) this is an awesome way to either
       | sleep like shit forever or incinerate the last fledglings of your
       | social life.
       | 
       | All this aside, the farmer life is a super hard way to live, .
       | Overuse injuries are very common. However, we went the complete
       | opposite direction in building today's office culture, and it's a
       | real shame.
        
       | maxglute wrote:
       | Be hipster type II civilization brain in a jar. Wonder what it's
       | like to have muscle / strength train. Incubate a body, start
       | lifting.
        
       | rbanffy wrote:
       | The timescales involved in us becoming even a K1 species are
       | probably enough to say we won't be anything resembling current
       | humans, neither physically nor socially.
        
       | rbanffy wrote:
       | > why would anyone do such an expensive thing?
       | 
       | I find it amusing that somehow resources would still be
       | constrained as we go closer to be a Kardashev I civilization.
        
       | bangaloredud wrote:
       | "Our neurons will atrophy as we climb the Kardashian Scale"
        
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