[HN Gopher] CADing and 3D printing like a software engineer
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       CADing and 3D printing like a software engineer
        
       Author : bo0tzz
       Score  : 89 points
       Date   : 2024-12-12 12:38 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (fangpenlin.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (fangpenlin.com)
        
       | rekttrader wrote:
       | OpenSCAD is your friend.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | OpenSCAD feels very dated, not only due to the editor and the
         | fonts used, but shortcomings due to language limitations when
         | coming from other software, but it works.
        
           | Klaster_1 wrote:
           | I had much better experience with a VSCode and anOpenSCAD
           | extension compared to the stitch editor. Pair that with the
           | latest master build for extra performance.
        
           | wickedsight wrote:
           | Also the fact that sometimes things can take ages to render.
           | 
           | I did have some fun results getting ChatGPT to create
           | OpenSCAD scripts. It created a fully functional parametric
           | christmas tree for me, which I thought was kinda cool.
        
             | gotts wrote:
             | how big are your assemblies? I had some issues on large
             | assemblies but after Manifold rendering release it became
             | much much faster.
        
           | tliltocatl wrote:
           | There is also https://github.com/mirmik/zencad. Full Python
           | and OpenCASCADE core, so feels less quirky than OpenSCAD.
        
         | throw646577 wrote:
         | Is it? IMO sticking with OpenSCAD is fundamentally limiting
         | your progress with modelling for 3D printing. It's not CAD.
         | 
         | Simple parts, yes. Geometry and trigonometry demos? Yes. Actual
         | computer-aided design... no not really.
        
           | Joel_Mckay wrote:
           | In some ways, but for off axis parabolic mirrors with
           | internal geometry Openscad seemed to work fine. Additionally,
           | the parametric formats are fundamentally necessary when
           | working in plastics which tend to shift around during
           | additive manufacturing.
           | 
           | I like that OpenScad integrates into FreeCad, and can do more
           | than lousy STL outputs. It is far from perfect, but can solve
           | some problems with ease.
           | 
           | Most cloud based software strips one of long-term stability
           | in the design folder (can no longer store a version snapshot
           | of the project binary dependencies), and so poses a liability
           | to any firm running large infrastructures.
           | 
           | For one-off stuff, one could argue it doesn't matter. But in
           | someways, FreeCad beside the project files will be
           | viewable/exportable forever.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, now the Solidworks offline workflow also
           | requires the online license nag screen every 30 days.
           | However, it is not part of Autodesks walled garden built on
           | internet stability (a significant issue in a remote field
           | deployment.)
           | 
           | Good luck, =3
        
             | throw646577 wrote:
             | Oh I'm a FreeCAD person anyway.
             | 
             | OpenSCAD was a useful stepping stone for me, from
             | programming to 3D. But I've been doing my own designs in
             | FreeCAD for two and a half years or so.
             | 
             | I just think the typical groundswell of HN support for
             | OpenSCAD is a bit misguided; it sort of relies on near-
             | wilfully ignoring what GUI CAD -- even FreeCAD -- can do
             | for one's designs.
             | 
             | Yes, it's good for simple geometry, and some more advanced
             | mathematical geometry. But it boxes you in pretty quickly
             | because you cannot easily compose geometry based on the
             | outputs of previous operations.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | The elephant in the room is the modular nature of
               | FreeCAD. Unlike most cloud offerings, one can expand the
               | capabilities with your own toolbox in a standard language
               | like Python.
               | 
               | We actually recommended FreeCad as a core to a small
               | medical device manufacturer looking for a custom solution
               | to dynamically tweak their process. i.e. even a simple
               | workbench plugin that takes a few variables to generate a
               | simple manifold, and CAM to gcode in the same program...
               | was a huge benefit for users now locked out of Autodesk
               | and Solidworks walled ecosystems.
               | 
               | Ideal? No... Practical? You bet...
               | 
               | Best of luck =3
        
               | throw646577 wrote:
               | Right. I think if you're not reliant on a few generalist
               | operations where opencascade is weak --- it is not great
               | at very marginal fillets/chamfers/thicknesses --- then
               | FreeCAD is probably a good way to get programmatic, GUI
               | access to OCC. It's not the only way, of course, but it's
               | getting towards being stable.
        
         | chasd00 wrote:
         | I've used openscad and some of my friends swear by it. I
         | eventually just bit the bullet and climbed the fusion360
         | learning curve. Everything has been smooth sailing once over
         | that hump.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | Right now you can get a year of SolidWorks for Makers for $24.
         | 
         | If all you've ever used is OpenSCAD or OpenCascade-based
         | software, you are in for a pleasant surprise.
        
       | i_am_a_squirrel wrote:
       | I just went through this journey, except I learned freecad.
       | 
       | You end up having to click and enter so many numbers if you need
       | exact dimensions, so I'm planning on switching to cadquery.
       | 
       | It would be cool to make a framework for modifying cadquery code
       | with natural language, for example "make box 1 and box 1 flush"
       | or "create two concentric semi-spheres and subtract the smaller
       | one from the larger one"
       | 
       | But idk, maybe once you're fast at fusion this kinda stuff is
       | faster to hotkey than speak
        
         | Klaster_1 wrote:
         | Have you tried the new VarSet in 1.0? I found it more ergonomic
         | than the old spreadsheet approach. With a formulas first
         | approach, I find the modeling flow more controllable. Come to
         | think about it, it starts to resemble a view/model arrangement
         | I am used as a frontend dev.
        
           | throw646577 wrote:
           | VarSet has an incomplete GUI but you're right it's a better
           | fit; it has fewer massive recalculation bombs than the
           | Spreadsheet approach (and it can still AFAIK work as an
           | interface to a configuration table sheet).
           | 
           | The Spreadsheet module is awesome (particularly configuration
           | tables, which I used even in one of my first serious designs)
           | but I still don't really know why my model has to recalculate
           | because I changed the background colour in a cell. That seems
           | to me to be unnecessarily deep integration.
        
         | tony69 wrote:
         | Claude can write cadquery, worked well for me
        
           | xemoka wrote:
           | I've had such a hard time with Claude and cadquery/build123d;
           | did you do anything specific to get better results? I tried
           | turning the examples into a markdown document to feed into
           | sonnet as part of the prompt, and that helped a bit, but
           | still couldn't get it to build basic parts reliably.
        
       | freeqaz wrote:
       | I've been 3D printing slinkies (helical coils) and I used
       | build123d for it. Somebody on HN recommended it as a first pass
       | if you don't know CAD.
       | 
       | It's a little rough but I was able to get it to do what I needed
       | it to! Here's my code: https://github.com/freeqaz/light-coil-
       | model
       | 
       | Let me know if you want one. They're pretty rad!
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | Can you do other shapes of slinkies, not just circles?
        
           | bravetraveler wrote:
           | I've seen mass-produced ones in various shapes. For instance,
           | stars. OP probably could, not _especially_ complicated.
           | 
           | Notably worse at the act of _' slinking'_. Would tangle like
           | no other!
        
             | freeqaz wrote:
             | Yes haha exactly. I'm sure I could figure out the code to
             | slinkify any object which would be pretty fun
             | 
             | For a non-circle that still works for slinky purposes, I'm
             | sure some sort of geometric prism would be cool. Maybe I'll
             | take a crack at it over winter break!
        
       | randomghost1 wrote:
       | Hey, shameless plug in case you are interested.
       | 
       | We're building this AI copilot for Fusion 360 called MechAI. Like
       | a SWE, it enables you to store files on GitHub in JSON format
       | with diffs, merging, etc. ;).
       | 
       | Beta coming out soon, check out the demos and waitlist on our
       | website: https://www.trymechai.com/.
        
       | gotts wrote:
       | functional programming is such an (semantically) overloaded term,
       | it means completely different things to different people. Each
       | time I read it in a blog post/tweet it makes comprehension
       | slightly more difficult.
        
         | throw646577 wrote:
         | In this case the poster is not actually going that far off the
         | reservation.
         | 
         | A parametric CAD package starts off with some variables, makes
         | 2D representations of them that can be solved by a constraint
         | solver, extends those 2D representations into a third dimension
         | parametrically, connects 2D representations to earlier
         | generated geometry etc.
         | 
         | If you change an early parametric variable, it ripples through
         | the design because the design is a directed graph (indeed, CAD
         | designers often run into situations where they have tried to do
         | things which would create a cycle in a graph -- use the
         | dimensions of a subsequent part in an earlier part, which the
         | CAD package cannot solve).
         | 
         | Most of the core calculations involved are functional in this
         | regard -- for example a 2D sketch to a 3D extrusion, a 2D
         | sketch to a sweep along a path.
        
       | willvarfar wrote:
       | Of course this title triggers me and I need to share/rant about
       | my own programming struggles with CAD :) Sorry
       | 
       | Coming at the problem from another end, I have have been
       | designing dream houses as a hobby but have been struggling and
       | frustrated by the current CAD and 3D editors.
       | 
       | There are a lot of drawing-house-plans apps like SweetHome3D and
       | Homestyler etc, and they are all really good at getting some wall
       | lines down quickly, but quickly start to get hard to do anything
       | advanced and all give up on real roofs and attics.
       | 
       | From the other end there is Sketchup, which is both good and easy
       | yet also difficult to control.
       | 
       | The general advice for people wanting to see a house design in 3D
       | is to draw the plan in some house plan software then save that as
       | a jpg and import that into sketchup and then to build the walls
       | on top of the drawing etc.
       | 
       | Of course, being a programmer, I had some ideas... and have about
       | a dozen abandoned starts on a house drawing program that actually
       | understands that 'this is a wall, and this is how thick walls
       | are' etc.
       | 
       | The openscad approach is good and I have some routines that do
       | sensible tricky roofing angles and things, but you can't really
       | go and and parameterise whole houses. Its a nut that still hasn't
       | cracked.
       | 
       | I've watched and talked with a lot of architects and tbh they are
       | sketching and treating their CAD as a bunch of lines rather than
       | the CAD knowing what walls and beams really are.
        
         | josiahpeters wrote:
         | I used Home Designer -
         | https://www.homedesignersoftware.com/products/home-designer-...
         | to draw a house we purchased (built in the 1970s) and the
         | changes we intended to make during a remodel. The person
         | reviewing my permit application was very impressed that I
         | showed up with proper plans and not some kind of sketch done
         | hastily on a napkin.
         | 
         | It definitely tries to think about walls, rooms, windows,
         | floors as they are meant to be modeled. You can even get a
         | materials estimate based on the properties of the wall.
        
           | Suppafly wrote:
           | I think a bigger problem with these DIY home design apps is
           | that you have no idea which ones are worth using or not until
           | you've already bought them and then run into a road block
           | they couldn't fix.
        
         | Qqqwxs wrote:
         | Is paid software OK? Have you looked at Revit?
        
           | poulpy123 wrote:
           | Revit is 3300EUR/yr... You have to be very rich to be OK with
           | this kind of price for a hobby
        
         | an_aparallel wrote:
         | You have a few options: _Freecad with Architecture
         | workbenches._ Rhino (used by most architects for exploratory
         | modelling) *BlenderBIM (its called something else now)
         | 
         | If you're talking to architects and they're talking about
         | Autocad, and lines...they may be of the old guard. Most
         | large/modern projects are Revit based. TBH any engineering
         | drafting in 2024 using autocad is ridiculous. Something which
         | takes 1-2 hours in a parametric modeller can take a day! Co-
         | ordinating architecture, project management, structural
         | engineering, facade engineering, and MEP specialties is non
         | existent in Autocad - Revit is built for this.
         | 
         | Revit is built to "know" and "understand"...is more or less the
         | de-facto standard for building information modelling. If your
         | pockets are deep enough - i'd recommend it - they have an LT
         | (light) version which is more affordable and may do everything
         | you want - but it's still pretty expensive for a fun little
         | side project.
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | _> If you 're talking to architects and they're talking about
           | Autocad, and lines...they may be of the old guard. [...] any
           | engineering drafting in 2024 using autocad is ridiculous._
           | 
           | At least in my country, there are a lot of small-project
           | architects.
           | 
           | You're converting a loft into a bedroom? Building an
           | extension to your house? You'll need to do the calculations
           | to make sure the beam holding up the roof is strong enough,
           | and some paperwork so the inspector can see the calculations
           | have been performed, and enough plans that the builders know
           | what to build. Basic requirements that AutoCAD can take care
           | of just fine.
           | 
           | And of course these small-project architects are the only
           | architects 99% of people will ever work with - far fewer
           | people will ever work with an architect on a 100+ person
           | building.
        
             | an_aparallel wrote:
             | Indeed - Revit is overkill for smaller projects :)
        
       | atoav wrote:
       | I thought immidiately: "CAD for programmers? This _has_ to be
       | about OpenSCAD /CadQuery or the likes", but no.
       | 
       | So if you want (need) to create parametric CAD parts and can
       | program this might interest you:
       | https://cadquery.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quickstart.html#qu...
       | 
       | I e.g. used it to create parametric electronic parts for
       | visualizations of printed circuit boards where modelling each
       | slightly differently sized variant manually was too much effort.
        
         | jakeogh wrote:
         | Also see https://github.com/gumyr/build123d (which is closely
         | related to CadQuery, my understanding is it's successor). I
         | used b123d for a project this year and it turned out perfect.
         | When I need to make a change, editing some version controlled
         | py and watching the model update is very satisfying.
         | 
         | Best resources to get a feel of why programmatic parametric
         | modeling is so interesting:
         | 
         | https://cq-warehouse.readthedocs.io/en/latest/fastener.html
         | 
         | https://bd-warehouse.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
        
           | atoav wrote:
           | Thanks for the tip, a pain point with cadquery was the
           | installation so if b123d manages to solve that it is worth
           | checking out.
        
         | throw646577 wrote:
         | I like OpenSCAD for what it is good for: limited, geometrically
         | simple parts and geometry demos.
         | 
         | I think CadQuery/Build123D are fine tools with much better
         | abstractions than OpenSCAD. The latter is not, IMO, really a
         | CAD tool at all; at no point does the Computer Aid the Design,
         | in the CAD sense, whereas you can argue that the various
         | OpenCascade code-CAD environments can at least expose generated
         | geometry to code.
         | 
         | But the post is right: parametric GUI CAD is pretty much a
         | visual analogue of functional programming. Once you get your
         | head around the ways sketches or their equivalents can map onto
         | existing geometry, a lot of the ways programmers think are very
         | applicable to CAD.
         | 
         | You're basically working with a directed graph, which means you
         | can do things like drive designs from parameter sets, or
         | spreadsheets, and e.g. in FreeCA drive some variables from
         | configuration tables (rows in a spreadsheet with different
         | parameter sets) so you can make variations of objects.
         | 
         | As much as I think code-CAD has uses, especially perhaps for
         | analysing and post-processing STEP files for download
         | customisers, at this point someone with parametric CAD
         | requirements should at least try a GUI CAD package like FreeCAD
         | or any of the free/low-cost tiers of the commercial packages.
         | FreeCAD can do OpenSCAD, and has a (verbose) Python layer, so
         | it's accessible to code CAD.
         | 
         | The tools may initially be a little frustrating for programmers
         | used to writing code, athough IMO less frustrating than the
         | many quirks and significant limitations of OpenSCAD. But CAD
         | methodology is logical and scaleable, and with a little
         | learning you will be able to do things much more quickly and
         | much less repetitively than OpenSCAD, which admittedly is a
         | counterintuitive claim to a programmer.
         | 
         | I think programmers tend to think that GUI CAD must be to code-
         | CAD what visual programming tools are to text IDEs: unnecessary
         | fuss keeping you from the truth. But it's really not like that.
        
           | sebazzz wrote:
           | OpenSCAD is almost akin to writing assembly. So many things
           | you would expect like in a higher-level language (FreeCAD,
           | Fusion) are missing (like fillets and things like that). You
           | onle have primitives and primitive operations to work with.
        
             | throw646577 wrote:
             | It's frustratingly like that and not like that.
             | 
             | For example, you cannot write a routine that says "get me
             | the edges of this object generated by this other routine,
             | and apply a 1mm fillet to them all". Because while the code
             | manipulates geometry, the result is not geometry. The
             | result is a 3D approximated picture of the geometry
             | _rendered in another form of geometry_.
             | 
             | To do anything like operate on result vertexes or edges you
             | have to replicate the result geometry, by hand, in data
             | structures in the code.
             | 
             | So it is not just fillets as an operation that are missing.
             | It is any notion of being able to access the edges that you
             | would wish to fillet.
             | 
             | This is why I think OpenSCAD does not "aid design" in the
             | CAD sense. It does nothing but compile your wishes into a
             | mesh. The most basic notion of "aiding design" ought to be
             | exposing the result _geometry_ of one operation so it can
             | be used as the variable input for another.
             | 
             | Is it good for quickly understanding basic geometry or
             | displaying the results of formulae? Yeah. Undeniably so.
        
         | alhirzel wrote:
         | I thought this would be about OpenSCAD as well. Thanks for the
         | reference to CadQuery!
        
       | synack wrote:
       | I had the same problem with my webcam and solved it with 3d
       | printing:
       | https://www.printables.com/model/370558-logitech-c920-shim
        
       | hurtuvac78 wrote:
       | I have been using Blender to design 3D models, since I had some
       | knowledge of it. Wondering why not more people are using it for
       | CAD. Are the other tools much better? Why?
        
         | tliltocatl wrote:
         | It's perfect for artistic stuff, but for technical you would
         | rather use something that is oriented towards CSG (so that non-
         | manifold topology is no longer an issue). Then you want edit
         | tree, so that you don't have to redo all of the work to change
         | one little thing in the beginning, and then parametric
         | modelling and a constrain solver.
        
         | an_aparallel wrote:
         | Blender is a bunch of things - but it is not, 1)a parametric
         | program. 2)deals with complex geometry as mesh, VS nurbs 3)
         | isnt really built to dimension 4)isnt really built for
         | generating documentation which 99% of teh time is primary
         | output of these programs - 2d sheets.
         | 
         | You can use it for 3d printing - but for engineering...nope.
         | The Autodesk family of products / Solidworks are defacto for a
         | reason - they have decades of tooling, libraries and so on that
         | make lightwork of complex tasks. I'd tear my hair out trying to
         | do my work in Blender which i easily do in Inventor, Autocad or
         | Revit.
        
           | Joel_Mckay wrote:
           | There are constraint based CAD addons for blender, and the
           | black art of Geometry node rendering pipelines to auto-
           | generate objects/features. There is also the fact most of the
           | system is open Python API based, and thus everything can be
           | generated from code.
           | 
           | However, Blender was not meant to be a constraint based
           | CAD/CAM package.
           | 
           | Solidworks still seems like the leader in offline mode, but
           | parametric-everything FreeCad is evolving at an astonishing
           | rate.
           | 
           | For critical professional work, gambling on opensource is
           | still inappropriate most of the time. =3
        
             | an_aparallel wrote:
             | I'm keen on trying freecad 1.0. After professional training
             | in engineering drafting, I'm interested to see if I can get
             | by with a lot more understanding of the processes.
        
         | throw646577 wrote:
         | You can get CAD Sketcher for Blender which might help.
         | 
         | But Blender is a mesh manipulation environment. Ideal for
         | designing 3D models to go in virtual environments. Not awful
         | for 3D models that are only going to a 3D printer, but
         | fundamentally not the right tool for CAD for general
         | manufacturing, because it cannot natively produce STEP-type
         | geometry.
        
       | ansgri wrote:
       | Bambu and Fusion360 sure look nice, but if you're on tighter
       | budget, 3D printers became both cheaper and more reliable in
       | general, and FreeCAD recently got to 1.0 and is quite capable.
       | 
       | I worked alongside people using early versions of Makerbot and
       | Ultimaker, and those were a maintenance nightmare. But recently I
       | got a Kobra 2 Pro for $200, and it's both more capable and easier
       | to use than those old monsters. With PLA it's pretty much hassle-
       | free, no need to tweak anything except print orientation and
       | maybe some support options.
        
         | S0und wrote:
         | Fusion360 has a free tier and it's enough for most people.
        
           | zihotki wrote:
           | Freecad is fully free and after 1.0 release it's enough for
           | most people.
        
           | grumbel wrote:
           | The Fusion360 free-tier has been getting ever more
           | restrictive over time. At the moment it is at:
           | 
           | > users who generate less than $1,000 USD in annual revenue
           | and use for home-based, non-commercial projects only.
           | 
           | Which already makes it unsuitable for any Open Source work.
           | While one might still accept those restrictions for quick
           | one-off projects, those projects are also the ones that
           | FreeCAD can handle fine.
        
             | Mumps wrote:
             | and only 10 editable projects :/
        
               | baby_souffle wrote:
               | Editable files! A project might have tens of files in it
               | and you'll find yourself having to toggle which ones are
               | in the active set. It's maddening!
        
               | throw646577 wrote:
               | I had no idea it was at this fine-grained a level.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | I do a lot in amateur rocketry and took the fusion360 route.
           | One thing that's nice about it is its popularity. Whenever I
           | have questions most of the other people in my hobby are ready
           | with answers or guidance.
        
           | Scene_Cast2 wrote:
           | I switched off of Fusion360 on to OnShape when Autodesk
           | started mucking around with the free tier.
        
         | ehnto wrote:
         | I haven't maintained my Ender3 since setting it up first, then
         | tuning it. It just keeps printing good prints forblike 4 years
         | now. I don't even think about it, pop in the file and walk
         | away. I don't even level the bed. Sometimes it's months between
         | prints and it still just works.
         | 
         | I print mostly practical parts so perfection isn't really
         | needed but the finish has been great regardless. The only
         | issues I have had is the bed eventually peeled up after enough
         | PETG prints with no bed prep.
        
         | MetaWhirledPeas wrote:
         | > FreeCAD recently got to 1.0 and is quite capable
         | 
         | FreeCAD _is_ capable and is indeed free, but as a beginner
         | designing something somewhat complex it really led me into
         | building a rat 's nest of a project that I found difficult to
         | salvage. The rough edges and general flaky behavior did not
         | help things, and I found almost none of the user interface
         | intuitive. If I had to do it over again I'd choose F360 or
         | Onshape.
        
           | Suppafly wrote:
           | >FreeCAD is capable and is indeed free
           | 
           | It seems to put off even people who are interested in
           | learning CAD or are already familiar with CAD. It's telling
           | that the best description people can come up with is "capable
           | and free" instead of "easy to use".
        
             | throw646577 wrote:
             | It shouldn't, probably. Is it a bit rough around the edges?
             | Yes it surely is. But 1.0 is pretty solid.
             | 
             | I don't know why it particularly needs to be the freely
             | available thing that corners "easy to use", when Tinkercad
             | does that admirably.
             | 
             | With a good introduction, you can get into it and really
             | work on your own designs in a tool nobody can take away
             | from you or nickel-and-dime out of your hands by varying
             | the free offer. You can run it on all of your own hardware
             | forever. And you will actually learn core things about CAD.
             | 
             | The community is good. There's an absolutely amazing number
             | of good free tutorials now; the problem of bad tutorial
             | material is a receding issue. I have not seen anything for
             | Fusion 360 that even comes close to being as transparent,
             | up-front, broadly educational, clickbait-free and
             | informative as the Mango Jelly Solutions tutorials for
             | FreeCAD.
             | 
             | I do consider it a lifestyle choice, still. But then so
             | many creative things are open-ended, freely
             | available/documented challenges, rather than easy. Many
             | rich experiences do not have an easy entry point with early
             | success.
             | 
             | I am a mostly very happy FreeCAD user. It is something that
             | costs me no money but has allowed me to make tools unique
             | to me that have changed my creative life forever.
             | 
             | All the same I'm about to pick up the Solidworks for Makers
             | plan for a year, because I think it's always learning a
             | thing from multiple different perspectives. I don't
             | particularly expect to be swayed, but I do have future
             | plans that involve being a bit more knowledgeable about the
             | other packages. Solidworks is where I am going to start.
        
           | hacknewslogin wrote:
           | Did you have those challenges after the 1.0 update? I heard
           | that update fixed a lot of those issues.
        
             | retrochameleon wrote:
             | Workflows and UIs didn't really seem to change much to me,
             | so I'd say the UX is still just as poor. I don't doubt
             | they've made improvements under the hood and fixed bugs.
        
           | retrochameleon wrote:
           | If your priority is to use open-source software, FreeCAD does
           | the job. But I basically always recommend AGAINST it for
           | anyone who asks me that I consider a more "normal" user.
           | Normal in the way that they don't share my masochistic
           | tendencies to spend all sorts of time and efforts getting
           | open source tools to work, fighting through quirks, poor UX,
           | bugs, etc...
        
         | stonemetal12 wrote:
         | FreeCAD maybe quite capable, but I am not. I want something I
         | can throw a few shapes in and print.
        
           | throw646577 wrote:
           | On this basis it's difficult to beat Tinkercad, frankly.
        
             | creaturemachine wrote:
             | 123D Design was the golden age for accessible DIY CAD. Of
             | course it was too good to be true so AutoDesk killed it
             | off.
        
               | throw646577 wrote:
               | There was another bubble while Google owned SketchUp, I
               | guess. Now no longer so freely available to so many
               | people, because they sold it.
        
         | klohto wrote:
         | A1 mini is literally 179 USD
        
           | IanCal wrote:
           | And excellently usable. I took it out of the box, tightened a
           | few things where required and I think that was about it.
           | Excellent bit of kit.
        
         | sircastor wrote:
         | I'll add my voice to this. I stopped using Fusion360 when they
         | adjusted the licensing terms a while back. FreeCAD has a ways
         | to go to being at par with the likes of Fusion, but it is a
         | capable piece of software - and once you get some hours with it
         | you can design really incredible stuff.
         | 
         | Anyone who used Blender in the early days knows how far its
         | come. FreeCAD is making that journey too. The 1.0 release is a
         | big step. I use FreeCAD for all of my (admittedly amateur) CAD
         | work. I've designed toys for my kid, props for my Christmas
         | light setup, tool-holders, and any number of things I can't
         | think of at the moment.
         | 
         | If anyone is finding FreeCAD hard to pick up, I highly
         | recommend Mango Jelly's Youtube channel, which offers lots of
         | really great tutorials on using it:
         | https://www.youtube.com/@MangoJellySolutions
        
           | hersko wrote:
           | +1 for Mango Jelly. He's really fantastic.
        
         | cosmic_cheese wrote:
         | I'm only a dabbler in all of this but the thing that really
         | grates on me about Fusion 360 is how its performance is awful
         | no matter what you're running it on. That might be a boon if
         | your machine is very old or low spec, but if you're running
         | e.g. a well cooled tower with a Ryzen 5950x and RTX 3080 Ti you
         | don't want to be seeing issues with responsiveness, frame
         | dropping, etc.
        
       | soneil wrote:
       | A bit of a tangent, but on your note amount multi-material being
       | wasteful - you can improve that a lot by thinking ahead in your
       | design and being strategic about where you use colour.
       | 
       | Your benchy is almost a worst-case scenario (which is likely
       | intentional) - because the coloured features are vertical, there
       | will be several changes per printed layer. If you can constrain
       | your material changes to layer boundaries you'll get a much
       | better waste ratio.
       | 
       | A good example of this is printing coloured labels/features on a
       | faceplate. So you print the whole faceplate in a single material,
       | then switch material and print the highlight colour as raised
       | features. That gets you a lot of result for a single material
       | change. (On single-material printers there's a method where you
       | strategically pause the print and swap the materials by hand.
       | Learning lessons from that will really hammer home the mindset of
       | optimising tool changes!)
       | 
       | There's a lot of lessons like this you'll pick up, where making
       | your design sympathetic to the print process can have huge
       | payoffs.
        
         | Ambadassor wrote:
         | I agree, designing for 3D printing and more specifically
         | designing for multi-color or multi-material can help save a lot
         | of time and material.
         | 
         | Additionally, printing any number of copies of the same
         | multicolor object will result in the same amount of waste. This
         | doesn't reduce the absolute amount of waste, just makes it a
         | smaller % of the total material used.
         | 
         | Also worth looking into the "wipe into object" setting in the
         | slicer, which will use the color changes in an extra model
         | instead of purging them.
        
       | fecal_henge wrote:
       | I bought a Stratasys J35 and its just a bucket to dump money
       | into... I mean it can print absolutely tiny features but
       | maintinance and consumables are so expensive.
       | 
       | Meanwhile my colleague bought a Bambu Carbon for I think 2% of
       | the price of my J35 and its such a brilliant machine. Fillament
       | printers just seem to be getting better and better.
        
       | 082349872349872 wrote:
       | > _[the webcam 's] mount's front-facing part dips too much down
       | beyond the bezel, and it ends up blocking my screen._
       | 
       | As an old-school software engineer, I would've been strongly
       | tempted to solve this excess material problem with a file.
        
       | fmeyer wrote:
       | Nice post, let me build up on the software engineering analogy.
       | 
       | I've had a 3D printer for a while, and I have to say that Bambu
       | has completely changed my perspective on the whole experience.
       | 
       | Before, I treated it mostly as a time-consuming hobby - setting
       | up my own Octopi for remote printing, tinkering with different
       | settings and parts on my Prusa. It was all trial and error, with
       | most prints turning out below average.
       | 
       | Now it feels more like a continuous integration system. It runs
       | mostly unattended, always ready to execute my next batch of
       | prints.
       | 
       | I recently traveled for a week and only needed my wife to refill
       | the filament and remove finished prints, allowing my workflow to
       | continue uninterrupted.
       | 
       | I don't regret my initial experience since I learned a lot, but I
       | really appreciate having a more streamlined process now.
        
         | wdfx wrote:
         | > and only needed my wife ... to continue uninterrupted
         | 
         | That's some sweet workflow optimisation. :)
         | 
         | I'd have tons more free time if I just outsource all the little
         | tasks that keep me busy to my significant other.
        
         | Ambadassor wrote:
         | That has been my experience as well. I had a bunch of printers
         | before the X1C, from 3 different countries, and all of them
         | needed various amounts of tweaking and hacking to reach the
         | print quality and ease-of-use I was expecting.
         | 
         | Even the Prusa MK3 (upgraded to MK3S, then MK3S+...) required a
         | Raspberry Pi to be able to print without lugging an SD card
         | from my PC to the printer, and a USB webcam to add print
         | monitoring.
         | 
         | Now when people ask for FDM printer recommendations, I tell
         | them that this hobby has two main paths: One path regards the
         | printer as a tool to create things for other projects; the
         | other path has the printer as the project itself.
         | 
         | An analogy I use is buying a car that's working and ready to
         | drive vs buying a car that doesn't work and repairing it. Are
         | you looking to drive or are you looking to fix/build a car?
         | 
         | Bambu printers are an easy recommendation for a printer which
         | is a tool. The new Prusa CORE One might be a good fit as well,
         | but it's still too early to tell what its quirks are. For
         | printers that are projects, the Ender 3 comes to mind as a very
         | cheap base for countless tinkering and upgrades.
        
           | throw646577 wrote:
           | > Now when people ask for FDM printer recommendations, I tell
           | them that this hobby has two main paths: One path regards the
           | printer as a tool to create things for other projects; the
           | other path has the printer as the project itself.
           | 
           | This is undeniably true at the youtube content level.
           | 
           | But at the printer level I think consumers will crash into
           | this far less if buying the latest. Creality's three new
           | Ender 3 V3 models are all low-tinkering models, even the
           | cheapest. So are the Anycubics. Sovol's latest machines like
           | the SV06 Ace manage to be both fully open source and also
           | highly tuned out of the box.
           | 
           | As much as I admire the build quality of (most of) the Bambu
           | Lab machines, in real terms what they have actually achieved
           | is making the closed source, closed build, hard to upgrade
           | and repair, RFID-chipped-consumables printer acceptable to
           | the market. They even almost succeeded in making printing
           | dependent on the cloud, until their little distributed
           | industrial accident happened.
        
         | avensec wrote:
         | Massive +1 - Bambu changed everything for me. I've been in the
         | hobby for 10 years, built multiple Vorons from source & kit,
         | and heavily modified multiple Prusa machines (Full Bear).
         | Nothing compares to how easy Bambu made everything. My wife,
         | who has seen me print for all that time without being able to
         | figure it out, can now print items without hassle or oversight
         | on the X1C.
         | 
         | Another way I can tell that Bambu changed everything is through
         | second-hand market prices. Before Bambu, I could sell most 3D
         | printers for not much less than I purchased them or more,
         | depending on the mods. I just struggled to sell a Voron 2.4 300
         | for $800 (near $1800 build price after extras). There is still
         | a market for enthusiast printers, but the leap in user-
         | friendliness is known. What they provided for the cost was a
         | vast market leap.
        
       | self_awareness wrote:
       | Being on a budget and buying X1C with AMS has nothing in common.
       | It's a bad choice. It's a really awesome printer that _just
       | works_ , but it's not a budget option.
       | 
       | If you're on a budget, buy yourself BambuLab A1M, which is the
       | best quality-to-money ratio.
        
         | frickinLasers wrote:
         | Did Bambu fix that thing where their printers need to be online
         | and waiting for instructions from the cloud to be useful? I'm
         | not about to send my designs through their servers.
         | 
         | https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/08/3d-printers-print-br...
        
           | sdflhasjd wrote:
           | They fixed it in the sense that there's an opt-in offline-
           | only print mode and they do work without a connection. It
           | still requires you to do an initial setup using the mobile
           | app, so if you're an offline-first kind of person, their
           | printers are definitely not for you
        
       | proee wrote:
       | When you start designing products with lots of gears and
       | linkages, does animating/simulating your design become critical?
       | What CAD tools are best for simulating your design, or is this
       | even the right way to verify all your mechanical items are
       | working together as expected?
        
         | mlsu wrote:
         | This is pretty typical. The first step of CAD is learning
         | simple solid modeling (i.e. producing 3d parts from sketches,
         | features, etc).
         | 
         | The next step is assemblies and motion. Writing a solid
         | modeling CAD engine is impressive, but kinematics and
         | simulation is really the tough part (and why these CAD
         | softwares are so expensive and so worth the money). For
         | example, SolidWorks has a separate "motion study" package that
         | you pay for on top of the solid modeling tool, a separate
         | "fluid simulation package," to calculate stresses, drag, and so
         | on on a part. Assemblies are also huge, most CAD programs have
         | utilities for creating relations between different parts to
         | figure out where screws, clasps, hinges, etc, should go where
         | and in what order.
         | 
         | Many professional CAD packages also have things like mold
         | tools, sheet metal tools, etc. that make manufacturing much
         | much easier. You typically have a drawing tool, to create
         | marked up drawings to send off to a machine shop for
         | fabrication. Manufacturability is huge and mostly invisible to
         | hobbyists who are doing 3-d prints. In general, software that
         | makes manufacturing stuff easier, is where CAD packages capture
         | the most value from their users. The manufacturing stuff is why
         | you might pay $5,000 per year per seat for a CAD suite. It's
         | also why they're not too worried about open source CAD, because
         | the open source guys don't care, or know enough to care, how to
         | add this type of value.
         | 
         | Finally, the big big boys (like CATIA and so on) have utilities
         | to track part revisions, quality tracking, assembly and QC
         | workflows etc. For when you need to manufacture hundreds of
         | thousands of something, test it, have it fail in predictable
         | ways, manage spare parts for it, be tracked and regulated etc.
         | Those are generally used for stuff like cars and jets which
         | have complex supply chains.
        
       | 65 wrote:
       | Fusion 360 has an API in C# and Python.
       | 
       | I use the Python API to write 3D modeling scripts for everything
       | I 3D model. It takes a little longer to build up your own utility
       | function library so you can make models quicker, but once you've
       | got a solid utility library of your own, making 3D models with
       | code is really easy and fun.
        
       | bschwindHN wrote:
       | I recently gave a talk on this topic though it was more focused
       | on code-based CAD, and with extra emphasis on Rust because it was
       | at a Rust meetup. But very similar vibes overall, I think there
       | will be many software engineers picking up CAD and 3D printing in
       | the near future.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/0wn7vUmWQgg
        
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