[HN Gopher] People who are good at reading have different brains...
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       People who are good at reading have different brains: study
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 102 points
       Date   : 2024-12-13 17:32 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (theconversation.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (theconversation.com)
        
       | erehweb wrote:
       | Do we know if this difference is present at birth, or something
       | that shows up as a result of doing more reading, like how the
       | brains of London taxi drivers changed when they studied for the
       | taxi-driving exam, which meant they had to memorize lots of
       | routes.
        
         | citadel_melon wrote:
         | I was thinking of the same example for this article. Nature vs
         | nurture arguments often need much more evidence than many can
         | provide.
        
           | philipov wrote:
           | Nature vs Nurture arguments always suffer from a reductionism
           | problem by assuming there's a dichotomy between the two,
           | which owes its origin to a feeling of exceptionalism that
           | separates anything Human from anything Natural. In fact,
           | nurture is a subcategory of nature, and there is a complex
           | intertwined relationship between genetic and cultural
           | heredity. Trying to reduce it to a debate between one or the
           | other will poison one's understanding before even getting
           | started.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | I know that 4 years of college rewired my brain.
        
         | smeej wrote:
         | The part where it talked about how the brain changes when
         | people practice reading more made the title and first
         | paragraphs seem like they have the causation exactly backward.
         | It _sounded_ like they were saying  "people are good at reading
         | _because_ they have different brains, " implying some sort of
         | unfair advantage, rather than that people who read a lot
         | develop different regions of their brains than people who
         | don't.
         | 
         | I'm surprised by the number of adults I've worked with _who had
         | graduate degrees_ and yet could not read a paragraph out loud
         | on the spot and sound natural. I found out most of the reason I
         | was having so much trouble communicating with them was because
         | almost all our communication was in writing, and they couldn 't
         | read fluently.
         | 
         | It's hard for me to imagine completing, like, 5th grade without
         | being able to read well, so it's a testament to their fierce
         | determination that they'd been working around that challenge at
         | such high levels!
        
           | feoren wrote:
           | > read a paragraph out loud on the spot and sound natural
           | 
           | As someone who reads aloud a lot, I contend that this is a
           | subtly different process than simply reading quietly on your
           | own, and something that must be practiced. You need to set up
           | a "reading system" and a "speaking system" and have them
           | operate independently, like a drummer doing a polyrhythm or
           | like patting your head and rubbing your stomach at the same
           | time. You also have to throttle your "reading system" to a
           | slower pace than is natural to fluent readers reading
           | silently. They say that poorer readers "sub-vocalize" which
           | limits their reading speed -- well, fully vocalizing does
           | too. All this to say that you can't conclude someone is a
           | poor reader just because they can't read aloud naturally; nor
           | even can you conclude that someone good at reading aloud is a
           | particularly great silent reader.
        
             | jwiz wrote:
             | In grade school when we read aloud (taking turns in class),
             | I would be able to read my section out loud, but have no
             | idea what it said until I went back and "really" read it.
             | 
             | When I started reading out loud to my son, decades later, I
             | finally learned how to "really" read at the same time as
             | reading out loud. I also learned how to read ahead to see
             | who was going to talk next so that I could do the voices
             | properly. (Discworld books are great for this, because his
             | writing really helps you know how to pronounce the dialog.)
        
           | hollandheese wrote:
           | >I'm surprised by the number of adults I've worked with who
           | had graduate degrees and yet could not read a paragraph out
           | loud on the spot and sound natural
           | 
           | It's hard to shift gears like that. I can read vastly faster
           | than I can speak so it can be difficult to coordinate the two
           | on the spot. Most reading people do is silent reading, so
           | this shouldn't necessarily be that surprising.
        
       | IAmGraydon wrote:
       | When they were surveying readers vs non-readers, does the reading
       | have to occur via books? Does reading text on the internet not
       | count as reading? I've always wondered why this apparent
       | dichotomy exists. I read quite a lot of lengthy texts, but
       | they're often technical documents that exist on the internet. I
       | hardly ever sit down in a quiet place with a book. Am I not a
       | reader?
        
         | tbomb wrote:
         | I have this conversation with my wife (who is an avid book
         | reader) at least once per month. I read so many technical
         | documents for work, via my computer, that I often don't want to
         | read a book for pleasure.
        
           | ruthmarx wrote:
           | Reading technical docs is closer to reading shop names and
           | street signs than it is to the intention to sit down and
           | consume a work of art.
        
           | mingus88 wrote:
           | I'm "reading" all day long. Code, chats, news, documentation.
           | 
           | There's really all the difference in the world if you can sit
           | still and focus on a good engaging long-form work. I think
           | most folk are losing the discipline to do that, as we all
           | communicate in brief spurts of async messaging and anything
           | published for mass consumption is written at a 4th grade
           | level
           | 
           | I try to read novels in chapter length segments. It's hard to
           | avoid to urge to context switch or get distracted
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | I agree that the big difference is between short and long
             | form reading.
             | 
             | i do not think this is discipline so much as inclination. I
             | never had to discipline myself to read a book I enjoyed
             | (whether fiction or non-fiction). Some books grip me so
             | much it takes discipline to but the down.
             | 
             | What this seems to show is that long form reading has
             | significant effects on your brain, developing the ability
             | to read long form. I am not clear on whether they have
             | shown which way the causality runs: maybe having a brain
             | adapted to long form reading just makes you more likely to
             | do it. It could even run both ways?
        
           | amenhotep wrote:
           | Your wife's right.
        
           | em-bee wrote:
           | maybe listen to audio books instead. i don't read books
           | because i would forget everything else around me, but with
           | audiobooks i can do other mundane activities (like housework,
           | going for a walk) alongside it, and it feels very different
           | from reading.
        
         | coolThingsFirst wrote:
         | for some reason experientially is different, when i read on
         | computer it's mainly grab some piece of data that im looking
         | for. i almost never read books on computer, my desire for
         | reading came after i bought a kindle - the difference is
         | absurd.
         | 
         | even paper books suck compared to kindle, which saves space,
         | access to billions of books in a comfortable way to read.
         | (can't read brother karamazov laying in bed)
        
         | ruthmarx wrote:
         | > Does reading text on the internet not count as reading?
         | 
         | I guess it depends on intent. Reading a fiction epub in an app
         | is different from reading HN threads with 500+ comments.
        
         | disambiguation wrote:
         | My take is that different types of reading affect the brain
         | differently. Reading for facts stimulates the learning parts of
         | the brain, reading comments stimulates the social parts. But
         | Reading books, as in novels, is an act of immersing yourself in
         | storytelling. It's not exactly learning or social, but it's own
         | category.
        
           | okwhateverdude wrote:
           | Vivid hallucination, or dreaming. It is a way to vicariously
           | experience something through the lens of the author's
           | narrative.
        
             | kurthr wrote:
             | Yeah, vivid hallucination or dreaming with open eyes while
             | reading.
             | 
             | It's a hypnotic state. How else can you imagine a world
             | while your eyes rapidly scanning pages of words?
        
         | parasti wrote:
         | I used to read books with ease but have had to limit my reading
         | to online texts, both short and long form, mostly technical. I
         | know for sure that I am not a reader anymore, because whenever
         | I pick up a book I can't sit through it. It's an entirely
         | different mode of consuming text, for me, one that I would have
         | to relearn.
        
           | johngossman wrote:
           | I struggled to read books while I was working. When I retired
           | and suddenly stopped getting hundreds of emails every day, my
           | book reading ability--my general ability to focus--came back.
           | I read a lot of books this year, including long novels
           | (1Q84...much longer than it should have been) and histories.
        
         | dingnuts wrote:
         | The linked article doesn't make this distinction and only talks
         | about reading comprehension in general.
        
       | i_love_retros wrote:
       | But what about someone like myself who is good at reading but
       | doesn't get the same pleasure from it anymore and can no longer
       | finish books?
        
         | imzadi wrote:
         | I was wondering something similar from a different perspective.
         | I love to read, but I'm actually terrible at it. My eyes don't
         | track well and I jump lines constantly, get confused about
         | where I am, and have to start whole pages over sometimes. My
         | mind also wanders, and I can go several pages before realizing
         | I haven't really been reading. It takes me twice as long to
         | finish a book as it does my friends, but I still enjoy reading
         | and love books.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | > I can go several pages before realizing I haven't really
           | been reading.
           | 
           | You're not alone there.
        
           | mxuribe wrote:
           | Oh wow, i thought you were describing me for a moment there!
        
           | feoren wrote:
           | > My mind also wanders, and I can go several pages before
           | realizing I haven't really been reading.
           | 
           | I think this is an under-rated _benefit_ of reading. Would
           | you feel like you failed if your mind wandered during a
           | guided meditation? Can reading serve a similar function?
           | 
           | This is one reason why I gave up trying to significantly
           | increase my reading speed. Blazing through a nonfiction book
           | at 700 WPM might make you feel like you've learned a lot, but
           | you probably haven't really digested anything. Do you really
           | want to uncritically ingest a nonfiction book? I've listened
           | to enough episodes of If Books Could Kill (amazing podcast,
           | btw) to no longer have any desire to quickly "absorb
           | knowledge" from a book, with how likely it is that that
           | "knowledge" is flawed in myriad ways. I now think it's much
           | better to go slowly, ponder what you read, take time to let
           | your mind wander (it's connecting the rest of your life to
           | what you've just read), and be critical and questioning of
           | everything you read. If a book isn't worth taking this time
           | on, it's not worth reading.
           | 
           | And for novels or reading for fun, why would you want to rush
           | through it? It's for pleasure: go at whatever speed gives you
           | the most pleasure. It's not a contest.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | Some years ago, I noticed that I read less and less, and it
         | troubled me. Then one day I tried on a pair of reading glasses
         | over my regular glasses.
         | 
         | I was amazed.
         | 
         | The trouble turned out to be it simply got harder and harder
         | for me to read, and so I enjoyed it less, so read less. Getting
         | progressive lenses fixed that.
        
           | kbelder wrote:
           | My case exactly, except I'm still in denial.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | Very similar with me - I've never been a _huge_ reader
           | (actually, I wonder in the opening stats how many are people
           | like me humbly saying they  'don't read regularly' because
           | although they absolutely do read a lot more than others it's
           | not as much as they would like) but I noticed it was very
           | fatiguing, I'd often barely read anything before I was
           | yawning or closing/stretching my eyes, wanting to look away.
           | 
           | Earlier this year I went to the opticians (it'd been a few
           | years) and lo and behold I had a prescription for the first
           | time. A very mild one, and I suspect it's the astigmatism
           | that affects reading more, since it makes smaller fonts sort
           | of 'fuzzy' around the edges, even though everything seems
           | perfectly fine at that distance (or any other) without the
           | direct comparison.
        
         | mandmandam wrote:
         | Could this be a case of modern screen-based dopamine delivery
         | systems affecting your attention span?
         | 
         | From personal experience, I find it much easier to get absorbed
         | reading books like I used to when I'm on a detox from the
         | tyranny of the screen. It doesn't take long at all; a day or
         | two and I start to feel some recovery.
         | 
         | Taking even that much time away feels increasingly difficult...
         | But like going to the gym, you rarely regret it afterwards.
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | Also, people who learn to read very early end up weird:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlexia
       | 
       | I was hyperlexic, and I always found it very bizarre when people
       | said they had a voice in their heads while they were reading
       | (subvocalization.) I think I read so much as a very small child
       | that I was exposed to much more written than spoken language, and
       | I never needed subvocalization (or left it behind at some point.)
       | After learning a second language with very different
       | pronunciation rules, I realized that I was not only subvocalizing
       | in that language, but was also now subvocalizing while reading
       | English.
       | 
       | It struck me when I was reading a book on the operations of the
       | House of Commons, and I realized I was reading "clerk" as
       | "clark." The word "clerk" is spelled identically and has exactly
       | the same meaning in both American and British English, but I was
       | distinguishing them because I was reading in a UK context.
       | 
       | I actually wrote about it yesterday; using a database metaphor, I
       | think I turned the natural primary key of the visual appearance
       | of words into a composite key that now included the sound in
       | order to distinguish between the meanings of very similar Romance
       | language words from their English counterparts. I had to read in
       | an accent. I'm considering blaming how impossibly hard it was for
       | me to pick up a second language on the disability of _not_
       | previously subvocalizing.
        
         | graemep wrote:
         | Interesting, but I wonder about the causation implied by your
         | first sentence.
         | 
         | The article you link to seems to show a correlation, but surely
         | a more likely explanation is that the same factors cause both
         | early reading ability and autism.
        
         | bsenftner wrote:
         | I have a younger sister that was hyperlexic. At age 5 we
         | discovered she'd taught herself how to read French literature
         | (it looked interesting) and she'd taught herself how to play
         | piano, and was surprisingly good... She was whisked away to
         | special schools, and I've never gotten to know her. She's as
         | distant as a stranger.
        
       | 65 wrote:
       | I always wondered if there's a link between handedness and
       | reading comprehension. E.g. Left handers tend to use more of the
       | right hemisphere for language processing. Does this mean reading
       | ability is diminished?
       | 
       | I myself struggle with reading and am left handed. It sort of
       | feels like I'm forcing a muscle instead of using a muscle and
       | strengthening it. I also have poor reading comprehension. I do
       | read a lot but no matter how much more I read my comprehension
       | and reading ability always stays the same.
       | 
       | I also wonder if left-to-right languages are better suited for
       | right handed people. Often my eyes will jump around the text in a
       | way that feels like it'd be easier to read text right-to-left.
        
         | BenjiWiebe wrote:
         | There could be a link, but n=1 I'm left handed and read
         | more/faster then all in my social circle (that I'm aware of).
        
         | Arrath wrote:
         | I'm left handed myself and have always loved and excelled at
         | reading (according to various tests or programs in school
         | anyway), not that anecdata is much good but there it is
        
       | btilly wrote:
       | What about people who don't just read, but have absurd speed?
       | 
       | My brother and I both read around 900 wpm. My children only read
       | at a normal adult speed, but both love to read. If I had a way to
       | have passed on my reading speed, I would have. But I have no idea
       | how to do so. And no idea how my reading speed is possible.
       | 
       | I've met only one person outside of my family with similar
       | reading speed to my own.
        
         | bogdan wrote:
         | Can you read technical text at that speed and understand it?
        
           | BenjiWiebe wrote:
           | Another faster-than-average reader here, I don't remember
           | what my result was when I calculated reading speed.
           | 
           | Anyways, I do slow down dramatically when it's technical. I'm
           | learning then, and limited by my learning speed.
           | 
           | When I'm reading fiction, I forget that I'm reading, and
           | don't even know what speed I'm reading. I'm completely in the
           | flow and the story is playing out in my head.
        
             | mtalantikite wrote:
             | > Anyways, I do slow down dramatically when it's technical.
             | I'm learning then, and limited by my learning speed.
             | 
             | Do you also find that this happens with different types of
             | fiction, or are they all basically the same?
             | 
             | Personally, if I'm reading someone like Toni Morrison or
             | Marquez, I find that I like to slow down and savor what's
             | going on. It's like ready poetry. If it's something I can
             | read fast, I tend to find it's not something I'm drawn to
             | spending the time with.
        
           | Xelbair wrote:
           | i my case yes, but i experience severe slowdowns when reading
           | anything written in verse or legalese.
        
         | prisenco wrote:
         | r/speedreading on reddit is where you'll find people at that
         | level.
         | 
         | It's a skill that can be learned, but likely you self-taught
         | and simply don't remember learning it.
        
         | mandelbrotwurst wrote:
         | Do you find that your comprehension is as high at this rate as
         | at a lower rate?
        
         | treetalker wrote:
         | I'm skeptical of claims like this. How do the claimants define
         | reading? If we mean extracting a subset of information from a
         | particular, arbitrarily defined block of text, well then I can
         | read tens or hundreds of thousands of words per minute: I know
         | how to pick up a typical business paperback, flip to the last
         | chapter (or even just the conclusion), and skim for the 1-3 big
         | ideas.
         | 
         | But try to read a text like a complex SCOTUS majority opinion,
         | or one of the Great Books, at anything close to that speed --
         | good luck! Even trained and very experienced appellate
         | attorneys can study such texts for hours, days, weeks, and
         | still find important intricacies that require not just
         | perception, but ingestion and digestion.
         | 
         | As an exercise, one might grab any text and have one's computer
         | read it aloud at 900 WPM. If one were to glean a single
         | sentence, let alone the important bits, let alone all of it,
         | I'd be shocked.
        
           | TrainedMonkey wrote:
           | Anecdatally, I have two reading modes - full comprehension
           | and skimming. In full comprehension I read and subvocalize
           | each word, often slowing down, pausing, or even re-reading to
           | make sure the meaning sinks in. In skim mode I look at
           | phrases, sometimes whole sentences or even simple paragraphs,
           | and move to the next chunk before consciously comprehending
           | the previous one. Skimming effectiveness highly depends on my
           | alertness level and works best with fiction or other media
           | with low information density. For fiction books I can
           | generally recount the plot and events pretty well.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | I'd say you only read to assimilate info and not for
           | entertainment then.
        
           | minihat wrote:
           | Reading speed might follow a normal distribution near the
           | middle ranges, but I'd expect non-trivial deviations in the
           | tails due to dyslexia, ADHD on the one side and trained speed
           | readers on the other. Perhaps this individual just falls on
           | the far tail of that distribution?
           | 
           | During my graduate coursework I sometimes read 100-200 pages
           | of technical material in a day while cramming for an exam,
           | and was able to retain it for a day or two. I'd believe it if
           | some people exist who could comprehend and retain all of that
           | long-term. Alas, 'tis not I.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | I think Dyslexia has a lot of politics attached.
             | 
             | If 25% of people have it then, practically, Dyslexia means
             | you are in the bottom 25% of readers, as much as the
             | Dyslexia industrial complex wants to see it as taxonic and
             | not dimensional. (Sure they say it has two subtypes and
             | sure, maybe there are two reasons that make most bad
             | readers bad readers, there are probably more reasons that
             | are more obscure and too hard to pin down)
             | 
             | Personally I think there are a lot of white collar people
             | who are devastated to have a child who is a poor reader who
             | won't follow in their footsteps (college professors,
             | journalists, people in ethic groups where people will think
             | you're a loser if you're a cop or pro football player,
             | etc.) Labeling it as a disease makes it easier for people
             | in that situation to live with it.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | > Personally I think there are a lot of white collar
               | people who are devastated to have a child who is a poor
               | reader who won't follow in their footsteps (college
               | professors, journalists, people in ethic groups where
               | people will think you're a loser if you're a cop or pro
               | football player, etc.) Labeling it as a disease makes it
               | easier for people in that situation to live with it.
               | 
               | Isn't this just how all diseases and indeed all _things_
               | work? We 're the ones who come up with these simple
               | categorizations and labels to describe reality which is
               | vastly more complex. The terms are _necessarily_
               | underspecified and the boundaries between categories are
               | _necessarily_ fuzzy. This is true even within some
               | medical community that attempts to have more precise
               | definitions of  "disease"/"disorder"/"disability"/etc.
               | and it's all the more true for colloquial usage of these
               | terms. But yes, these terms do end up just meaning "any
               | condition that is not normal that causes problems for the
               | person experiencing it."
        
           | ACow_Adonis wrote:
           | I'm another "speed reader" skeptic. After significant
           | repeated investigations I came to a stunning conclusion: I'm
           | among some of the fastest actual human readers. My general
           | reading speed 300 to 600 wpm depending on context and medium.
           | For context I was your usual bookworm growing up: reading
           | ahead of level, constantly reading everywhere, always reading
           | while walking, always getting in trouble for reading with
           | other people present like at the breakfast/dinner table, just
           | churning through books non stop. And yes I now read random
           | scientific articles and things for fun.
           | 
           | Anything above that reading speed I've started just
           | allocating to bullshitters, or generally techniques which
           | come back to "not reading" rather than "reading".
           | 
           | That is to say people who choose techniques to try to speed
           | themselves up through strategies like "skimming" (that is to
           | say, not reading parts of the text to try to game metrics) or
           | "extracting key points" (that is to say not reading parts of
           | the text to try to game metrics) or their comprehension drops
           | beyond 100% (that is to say not reading to try to game
           | metrics).
           | 
           | And that's assuming you're not just dealing with the actual
           | frauds trying to talk themselves up in a penis-measuring
           | contest or sell something.
           | 
           | So yeah, I'm in the anything above 400-600 wpm is in the
           | bullshitters club. And technical or difficult text is of
           | course lower and can't be sped up.
           | 
           | No inherent offence intended to "speed readers"... Ok, maybe
           | a little...
        
             | maximus_01 wrote:
             | So you have decided anyone who can read faster than you is
             | a fraud? Meaning you think you are in possession of the
             | fastest non-fraudulent human reading abilities possible?
             | 
             | Do you have any evidence of this beyond the fact that if
             | you sped up your own reading you would lose comprehension?
             | The person reading at 150wpm could make the same case
             | against you.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | There are people who sell "speed reading" courses which
               | is not the same as being a fast reader.
        
               | Nadya wrote:
               | After wasting the better part of a decade on speed
               | reading as a teen and using speed reading tools I can
               | only find myself to agree with them. Remove multiple-
               | choice questions and ask questions about the material and
               | speed readers comprehension crumbles apart to such a
               | degree it is difficult to call what they do to be
               | "reading".
               | 
               | There are quite a number of studies on this, but I'll
               | reference a blog that does all the referencing for me [0]
               | since their experience and thirst for knowledge that led
               | them to later be an advocate against - rather than an
               | advocate for - speed reading is basically a 1:1 match of
               | my own.
               | 
               | 500-600 WPM is the upper limits, 99.99% of people
               | claiming otherwise are bullshitting, I always leave that
               | 0.01% because some people are literally just built
               | different and are truly one-of-a-kind (or one-of-maybe-a-
               | dozen people on Earth). Anyone claiming such speeds is
               | going to be under a lot of scrutiny the same way I'd be
               | skeptical of anyone else claiming to be in the top 0.01%
               | of anything. If someone tells me they're a Top 10
               | Challenger ranked League of Legends player I'm not just
               | going to take their word for it without some solid
               | evidence.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.scotthyoung.com/blog/2015/01/19/speed-
               | reading-re...
        
               | ACow_Adonis wrote:
               | It's not that I've decided based on no evidence, it's
               | that I've never met someone in the flesh able to do it
               | where observations are consistent with claims.
               | 
               | Ignoring five minute Reddit or hacker News messages where
               | people say "oh I'm so fast at reading" once you actually
               | have to put them to the test: i.e. oh cool you're a fast
               | reader: so here's a thing we've both not seen but are
               | required to read and we'll discuss and analyse them in
               | the morning. And you can judge how fast they are based on
               | their understanding of the text and how far they've
               | gotten compared to you.
               | 
               | Eventually you start to realise that there's a mysterious
               | absence of observations to the right of what appears imo
               | to be an almost biological barrier.
               | 
               | Then you start to look into their history: well I presume
               | you've read a lot? And you try to talk to them about
               | things... And they're generally not that well-read.
               | 
               | Then you correlate it with other high-performers: PhDs,
               | professors, learned people, people who read all the time
               | and have a history of reading. And you see that these
               | best readers who read a lot also tend to read at a
               | maximum speed of about 300-600 wpm with any
               | comprehension.
               | 
               | So you come to balance these two hypothesese: there's
               | speed readers out there, but they're generally not well
               | read people and don't have a history of reading and they
               | can't discuss much and they don't tend to turn up to
               | discuss things when there's actual reading involved...
               | But they can read really fast I swear!
               | 
               | And you compare them to the people who professionally
               | read, read all the time, are verifiable strong readers...
               | And you clock them between 300-600 wpm.
               | 
               | Beyond the whole "proving a negative" what's a rational
               | person supposed to conclude?
               | 
               | /This is making some minor possible exceptions for people
               | like Kim peek, but aside from having never met him, of
               | such people exist, my understanding is there's also
               | genuine philosophical questions as to whether what those
               | people are doing can neurologically be considered the
               | same act of reading as what the average human being is
               | doing in terms of whether they can then discuss the
               | themes, contents and implications of what they read.
               | 
               | Edit: and this is in context of people like me LOVE
               | reading, so of course we've looked into methods and
               | communities that propose they can increase reading speed,
               | make people read faster, and are filled with fast readers
        
           | bitwize wrote:
           | I've been doing some anti-ADHD training on my own by reading
           | a difficult book -- _The Left Hand of Darkness_ by Ursula K.
           | LeGuin -- slowly.
           | 
           | Sure I could bro down those words in a straight beginning-to-
           | end readthrough and get a _sense_ of what 's going on. But I
           | find that going back over the past few paragraphs is
           | rewarding, as subtle turns of phrase reveal details I hadn't
           | noticed.
           | 
           | You could probably be trained to comprehend text
           | electronically read to you at 900 wpm. Blind people using
           | screenreaders, for instance, train themselves to understand
           | text read aloud very fast.
        
           | kouru225 wrote:
           | Agreed. Like I can probably read these comments at 900 wpm if
           | I wanted but if you put Kant in front of me I'm reading at
           | like 10 wpm.
        
             | jdougan wrote:
             | Kant at 10 wpm?! Look at the speed reader!
        
         | malux85 wrote:
         | Do you think it could be a mutation that allows your eye
         | muscles to move faster?
         | 
         | My reading speed is limited by how fast I can move my eyes, if
         | I use one of those apps that just flashes the words in the same
         | spot my reading speed at least increases by at least 4x
        
         | teunispeters wrote:
         | I've been wondering if my own speedreading is a beneficial form
         | of dyslexia.
        
         | xandrius wrote:
         | Then I can glance at words in succession at 900+ wpm.
        
         | PittleyDunkin wrote:
         | Speed reading is a skill you can learn; it just takes practice.
         | I can't imagine doing this with any book I'm trying to enjoy,
         | though--successfully interpreting the semantics correctly isn't
         | the same as letting it "hit you", if that makes sense. For
         | highly dense texts (think e.g. Kant) I can't imagine actually
         | understanding anything at that kind of speed--at best maybe you
         | could memorize it and process it later.
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | I suspect you can lose the skill too.
           | 
           | I used to be a fast reader.
           | 
           | I tried improving my Spanish by reading Spanish books and I
           | would subvocalize the words.
           | 
           | After that I lost my fast reading skill in English.
        
         | phaedrus wrote:
         | When I was still in school I scored over 900 on a reading speed
         | test. For those skeptical how this is possible, I don't read
         | linearly my eyes make saccades and groups of words come piling
         | into my brain like someone dumped a bucket of Scrabble tiles.
         | There seems to be a long "pipeline" wherein the words from
         | different lines and different order in the sentences get
         | reassembled into meaning. After reading something very quickly
         | if I look away the information is sort of still "digesting" for
         | some time.
         | 
         | (I seem to have a good size memory buffer for this which no
         | doubt has to do with enabling the speed reading. I remember in
         | typing class classmates were amazed that the way I transcribed
         | assigned text was to read a half a page or more and type it all
         | out verbatim before going back for another chunk. Until they
         | pointed it out I didn't think that was anything special.)
         | 
         | I will admit that at 900 WPM I wasn't getting 100% of the
         | material (albeit enough to get 90% on the comprehension test -
         | which is less than 90% of the source material, just enough
         | source material to reconstruct 90% of the gist). I was really
         | trying to see how fast I could go, since it was computer graded
         | and I could gamify it. (I did get a different text to read and
         | questions to answer about it each time; I wasn't re-reading the
         | same text.) Through this same exercise I learned my comfortable
         | reading speed was 200 - 300 WPM and speed reading without loss
         | of comprehension (just requiring effortful concentration and/or
         | impatience) was around 500.
         | 
         | As an adult I'm certain my reading speed is NOT that fast
         | anymore, and I often find myself re-reading text I just read.
        
       | retskrad wrote:
       | Speaking of reading, if we simulate a theoretical person (who
       | hasn't read a book in their life and has poor reading
       | comprehension and speed) and that person has the goal of reaching
       | a 700 score on the SAT verbal, how many hundreds of hours of
       | passive reading (opinion pieces, fiction, nonfiction) would the
       | person need to develop the necessary reading speed and
       | comprehension base before progressing to the next stage which is
       | actively practicing SAT verbal questions?
        
         | feoren wrote:
         | 0 hours of "passive reading". If you want to get better at the
         | SAT verbal, you should start practicing SAT verbal questions
         | immediately.
         | 
         | If I want to get better at the piano, how many hours of music
         | should I passively listen to before I start practicing the
         | piano? None: start right now.
        
           | abathur wrote:
           | I'm not sure this is quite what GP is fishing for.
           | 
           | While I haven't taken a modern SAT test, I'm pretty sure the
           | ~verbal score covers a fair amount of comprehension and
           | ~usage that isn't as easy to cram/prep. Since the GP is
           | setting aside vocabulary prep as a separate phase, I think
           | they're specifically wondering about how to build up those
           | more nebulous skills.
           | 
           | (Is your hypothesis here that just running over a lot of
           | these questions is sufficient to develop reading
           | comprehension at a level necessary to handle novel questions
           | at exam time? Is it that just reading enough of these
           | questions will teach you the comprehension? Is it that these
           | questions aren't a great proxy for comprehension in the first
           | place and hence it's easier to game them than to develop
           | comprehension? Some of these might tick the GP's boxes, but
           | others probably won't.
           | 
           | To get really to the point: one of the GP's concerns is
           | reading speed, and I suspect it's going to be really hard to
           | crack 700 under pressure if you're having trouble even
           | reading all of the questions/answers in the allotted time.)
        
         | underlipton wrote:
         | I don't know that the latter is even necessary, save to simply
         | familiarize oneself with the format. A good verbal score
         | probably just requires being rather an*l about grammar, logical
         | argument, and the retention of information from the question
         | passages and sentences. My 800 came well after I'd transitioned
         | from filling my spare time with reading YA novels (Dune and
         | Shogun would have been the top end of my experience, and I
         | didn't even finish the latter) to filling it with sketching,
         | and I believe that I took the test around the same time that I
         | was copping Bs and Cs in English because I couldn't keep up
         | with the class' pace on Huckleberry Finn. Lawyers in the family
         | (and the many, many arguments with them) was probably my
         | advantage.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Does this brain difference somehow translate to other aspects of
       | life than reading?
        
         | anothertroll123 wrote:
         | Exactly my question. As somebody who reads a book every two
         | weeks... I wouldn't say I have a particularly "better" brain...
        
       | lentil wrote:
       | I struggle with reading speed, and concentration in general when
       | reading. No idea why. However, I love listening to podcasts,
       | audiobooks, videos etc. at 3x speed.
       | 
       | Using text to speech has also helped. No longer do I delay
       | reading long messages from coworkers, or dread reading boring
       | documentation. I just use text to speech. It works really well on
       | Windows (my current work laptop), but unfortunately not so much
       | on Linux (personal laptop) or mobile (too fiddly).
        
       | mediumsmart wrote:
       | I just realized that I immediately close a site when a popup
       | comes - doesnt matter when that happens. Popup > cmd w done. _I
       | do this at an absurd speed so maybe evolumutation is in play_
        
       | thunkingdeep wrote:
       | Aren't people who are good at anything in possession of different
       | brains?
       | 
       | I know a guy that plays chess around the 2000 level, but cannot
       | read. I have a cousin who can memorize a deck of cards, in any
       | order, in just a few minutes. Everybody has different talents,
       | but who gets to decide which brains are worth understanding?
       | 
       | We should be trying to combine and analyze all of the different
       | ways that different brains have capacity for incredible feats of
       | human accomplishment.
        
         | neom wrote:
         | I couldn't agree with your last sentence more. I'm, I guess,
         | "quite obviously neurodivergent" (so I'm told), I have all
         | these comobribities, like apparently I'm brilliant and xyz, but
         | literally cannot do these other things other humans can do
         | (read at 0.25wph, but audio books can't go fast enough). We'd
         | really be great at building "society teams" if we could figure
         | this stuff out at a more philosophical AND scientific level.
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | I dont think anyone is suggesting otherwise. The quest is to
         | understand how brains work- full stop. This means what you said
         | is true, as well as the exact inverse. There is interest in
         | knowing why people cant do things. Why are some people face
         | blind, suffer from amnesia, or incapable of complex thought.
         | 
         | It all boils down to understanding a complex system.
        
           | neuralRiot wrote:
           | It's something so complex and yet so simple, the brain is
           | just an FPGA. it creates the wiring for a task and the more
           | you do said task the more it optimizes it, perhaps the
           | difference for some people is just the ability to create or
           | optimize the connections in a faster or easier way.
        
       | cgh wrote:
       | The article mentions brain plasticity, but I wonder how much of
       | this is also genetic. Using myself as an example, I started
       | reading novels relatively early, mostly skipping the entire YA
       | genre. I clearly remember reading "Jaws", which is definitely not
       | meant for children, when I was eight years old.
       | 
       | Does precocious reading mean the left anterior part of the
       | temporal lobe and the Heschl's gyrus are already larger/thicker
       | to begin with in some people? Or do they develop rapidly in
       | response to reading as a stimulus?
        
       | jimnotgym wrote:
       | Is that because people who enjoy reading develop brains that are
       | adapted to it?
        
       | neom wrote:
       | I have pretty damn sever dyslexia and dyscalculia, I've followed
       | the research over the years because of how very clearly
       | "different" my brain is from the typical, my thinking style is
       | all audio/visual (funny because spelling is linked to phonics yet
       | I think heavily in voice). I've read everything from cortical
       | thickness to neuroplasticity to processing regions, but I believe
       | the best correlation they found so far is around the depth of
       | mini columns (interestingly also associated with autism
       | research).
        
         | dijit wrote:
         | My father once referenced the "voice in your head" and I had to
         | clearly articulate that I don't hear a voice, and such
         | insinuations are sort of weird.
         | 
         | I see words, as if written gliding through my mind as I think
         | my internal thoughts.
         | 
         | My father didn't believe me, and probably still doesn't; but it
         | is interesting to me how our brains can be so different as to
         | not even be able to understand another persons easy to define
         | alternative internal experiences.
         | 
         | I also always wondered if we all perceive colours the same or
         | if colours are different to us but we just give them the same
         | words- since colour could, in theory, be completely subjective.
        
           | neom wrote:
           | Yah what you described is really interesting to me, when I'm
           | "in thought" I am for sure looking at movies and pictures,
           | but the idea of thinking that way is super weird, me typing
           | this right now is basically just commanding my fingers to
           | punch out the words the voice in my head is telling me to
           | punch out, half the time I just close my eyes to do it
           | because I'm jut touching typing anyway (I actually like to
           | keep my eyes closed generally when thinking), reading it
           | looking at the word, making my brain remember what the word
           | sounds like, making the word sound using the voice in my
           | mind, thinking about the voice in my mind, reading is VERY
           | inefficient. On colour, my degree is in digital imaging
           | technology and I have studied colour from the perspective of
           | gamuts and profiles etc. Certainly we all experience colour
           | differently. I suspect much like a real colour profile, there
           | is approximation done between (real world light
           | frequencies/real "colour") them and mixing them, it would
           | make sense there is some compression and "fixing" in the
           | "brain gamut" as well. Blue is between about 450 and 495
           | nanometers, never mind the neurology, the physiological
           | difference between us alone to account for that, nature is
           | magic but I'm not sure it's perfect? My totally unsintific
           | just from hours of doing colour correction with various
           | humans, is maybe a 1%ish difference in shade, and somthing
           | about where in the colour range it falls also has a
           | variance/tipping point (dress colour thing?)
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-gamut_RGB_color_space)
        
             | dijit wrote:
             | > me typing this right now is basically just commanding my
             | fingers to punch out the words the voice in my head is
             | telling me to punch out.
             | 
             | That sounds really annoying, but I would assume that you
             | could transcribe what someone is saying out loud while
             | continuing to listen? I would find that extremely
             | difficult.
             | 
             | In my mind when I'm typing out letters its a little similar
             | to those typing games[0] where you see a word and punch it
             | down letter by letter. In my head it goes bolder when I
             | wrote a letter of a word I'm putting down. This makes it
             | very easy to transcribe documents - an unnecessary skill in
             | the age of OCR. I doubt there is any other advantage of
             | this quirk, other than it seems that spelling seems to be
             | easier for me than others on the internet.
             | 
             | If I had to listen to someone I would have to pause while
             | my brain processed it into text and only then could I
             | continue.
             | 
             | [0]: https://zty.pe/
        
               | neom wrote:
               | I never thought about that but yeah, I can transcribe
               | what someone is saying and listening at the same time I
               | think I could do a good job of being a "dumb pipe" too
               | just taking what they say and very quickly saying it out
               | loud. I also sometimes watch the news while listening to
               | music my wife finds that totally bonkers.
               | 
               | Your thing seems cool but yeah, I can't imagine it and
               | trying to imagine it is, annoying. You would have made a
               | good lawyer, if you're not one already. The lawyers I
               | know who are world class can both do what you can do +
               | are also just intelligent/smart/fast. Oh I guess maybe
               | you're a SWE? I guess a "10x" SWE is probably doing this
               | too, it's why I never made it in comp sci.
        
       | bsenftner wrote:
       | I'm finding this extremely interesting. I'm a reading outlier, I
       | have a stutter which makes it difficult to hold conversations
       | with fast talkers, so I gave up trying during early elementary
       | and started reading novels. I really got into reading, to the
       | point by the end of 4th grade I'd read every single Nobel
       | Literature winner at that time. By the end of middle school I was
       | running out of authors I liked to read. Today, at age 60, I have
       | pretty much finished reading every author I like, and of their
       | better novels and essays I have read them dozens of times.
       | 
       | The result of all this reading is I have, for lack of a better
       | way to describe this to the HN audience, I have a gargantuan
       | context. I can hold a huge amount of information in my head at
       | once, and work with it dynamically. When I imagine a software
       | issue, I see it as parallel implementations in my mind with
       | variations between them, and as I evaluate the variations those
       | that are not possible or no functionally better than the others
       | disappear from the grid in my mind, and when there is only one
       | left I start coding.
       | 
       | However, I find explaining my software development process to
       | others impossible. They say what I'm doing is not possible, or
       | they say I'm lying. I think all this reading gave me an over
       | developed sense of secondary consideration insight. I simply see
       | further the implications of things, of how their combinations are
       | going to affect one another. But as hard as I try, I cannot
       | explain these insights in a convincing manner. It's like being
       | aware a tower is going to collapse, I can tell people how it will
       | happen, and they just deny it, and then it collapses. Sometimes I
       | then get blamed for not insisting against their denials.
       | 
       | Due to all this: I've become a student of effective
       | communications. I'm continually trying to figure out how to
       | explain to those that cannot see these combinations and
       | implications of how in the future this thing is going to fail.
        
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