[HN Gopher] The marvelous disappearing capacitor
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       The marvelous disappearing capacitor
        
       Author : peter_retief
       Score  : 86 points
       Date   : 2024-12-08 07:30 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (lcamtuf.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (lcamtuf.substack.com)
        
       | IndrekR wrote:
       | Have used that JFET trick on large area photodiode amplifiers in
       | a satellite based radiation detector. Works quite well.
       | 
       | Also quite similar is actively driving the shield used in many
       | high impedance sensor circuits (most notably capacitive touch
       | sensing) to reduce the parasitic capacitance you would get when
       | ground is used for the E-field shield:
       | 
       | https://www.ti.com/lit/an/snoa926a/snoa926a.pdf
        
         | milleramp wrote:
         | Can a similar technique be used to increase the bandwidth of an
         | amplifier driving an LED?
        
           | frabert wrote:
           | I think that if what you're looking for is to increase the
           | speed at which you can drive something which has some
           | parasitic capacitance, you would do that by using the
           | techniques that are employed by e.g. gate drivers.
        
       | frabert wrote:
       | Very cool! Can this trick be used for piezo sensors as well? My
       | understanding is that those too are essentially magic capacitors
       | that sometimes move charges on their own
        
         | relaxing wrote:
         | Yes, you can. In fact bootstrapping is a useful technique for a
         | variety of circuits involving some small input signal, and even
         | large ones, like power supply design.
         | 
         | This article is a little weird in framing the concept solely
         | around the author's journey in photodiode circuits, but that's
         | blogging for you I guess.
        
       | formerly_proven wrote:
       | AoE and AoE X has a bit on TIAs as well, their "final form"
       | circuit idea enhances the basic JFET follower idea with an
       | additional emitter follower to reduce source impedance and by AC-
       | coupling the compound follower's output they get to set favorable
       | DC working points.
       | 
       | The tricky bit is going to find a suitable replacement for the
       | BF862.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Depends on the critical parameters, but 2SK2394?
         | 
         | You can try to source old JFETs but all of the ones advertised
         | online are fake.
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | It has been a couple years, but iirc the BF862 back then had
           | a pretty unique combination of low capacitance, low e_n and a
           | low 1/f knee. The 2SK2394 is also earmarked for use as an AM
           | radio amplifier, same as the BF862, which probably also
           | explains why these went from jellybean to rarity some time
           | ago...
        
         | CamperBob2 wrote:
         | Phil Hobbs has also written a lot about photodiode
         | bootstrapping, and he was also a very unhappy camper when the
         | BF862 went EOL. Anyone working in this area should check out
         | his book (see https://electrooptical.net/), which is very much
         | in the same spirit as AoE. I used to read a lot of posts by
         | Phil on Usenet via Google Groups, before Google decided they
         | had better things to do.
         | 
         | For that matter, I have a feeling Michal (lcamtuf) has a book
         | or two in him that could stand up next to Hobbs and
         | Horowitz/Hill on the shelf. Super impressed with his work over
         | the years. (Many may recognize him as the 'Guerilla Guide to
         | CNC' guy, which has been linked on HN several times.)
         | 
         | CPH3910 may be worth considering as a BF862 replacement. I
         | don't recall the part number but there's also a dual CPH3910 in
         | a 5- or 6-pin SOT package that could be used with the
         | transistors in parallel.
        
       | zh3 wrote:
       | Digikey has a useful article as well. Note how in Figure 5 the PD
       | is reverse-biased to reduce the capacitance without any extra
       | components.
       | 
       | https://www.digikey.co.uk/en/articles/how-to-use-photodiodes...
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | I'd like to see an I-V plot for various levels of light, for
         | the photo diode.
        
       | jonjojojon wrote:
       | This is called a bootstrap circuit. It is basically positive
       | feedback that changes the input impedance. You can see this sort
       | of jfet circuit not only in trans-impedance amps, but also in a
       | lot of audio circuits.
        
       | rapjr9 wrote:
       | This reminds me of a somewhat similar circuit, the capacitance
       | amplifier:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance_multiplier
       | 
       | Which leads me to think about planned obsolescence in electronic
       | circuits. In many electronic circuits the electrolytic capacitors
       | are the first to degrade, limiting electronics lifetime to 10+
       | years. What if those capacitors were replaced with amplified
       | capacitors where the capacitor was not electrolytic, say a film
       | capacitor. Maybe the circuit would work the same and last 20-30
       | years, eliminating a lot of electronic waste and reducing
       | environmental carbon due to manufacturing? Part of the solution
       | to climate change has to be manufacturing products that last
       | longer. Electrolytic capacitors, built in batteries, fans, and
       | parts made of rubber instead of silicone are some of the prime
       | components that cause failures. I have a suspicion car companies
       | have tuned steel formulations and paint to cause rust after a
       | specific number of years as well.
        
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