[HN Gopher] Estimated concentrations of atrazine in agricultural...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Estimated concentrations of atrazine in agricultural groundwater
        
       Author : Jimmc414
       Score  : 138 points
       Date   : 2024-12-11 17:25 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (water.usgs.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (water.usgs.gov)
        
       | Jimmc414 wrote:
       | As recently as 2012, Atrazine was the second-most widely used
       | weed killer in the United States, with more than 70 million
       | pounds applied across the nation each year
       | 
       | https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-01/documents/pe...
        
       | bassrattle wrote:
       | When Alex Jones' auction is on the top of HN, but his most famous
       | claim is right there with it -- Atrazine in the water turning the
       | frogs gay
        
         | logicchains wrote:
         | It's funny, he was almost correct, but in actuality Atrazine
         | turns frogs transgender:
         | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2842049/ .
        
           | josefresco wrote:
           | > he was almost correct
           | 
           | That's the key element to effective conspiracy theories. A
           | thread of truth, exaggerated, twisted and manipulated for
           | maximum virality. Debunkers are met with links like the one
           | you provided, and that's typically enough to discourage
           | further debate because the truth is boring and a lot of hard
           | work. And who wants to spend time trying to debunk when the
           | believers don't want the truth!
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | Yes, and the blame is always placed on some cabal or
             | minority group or political tendency that the conspiracy
             | theorist dislikes... rather than looking at anything
             | systematic.
             | 
             | Which actually has the ultimate effect of _blunting_ change
             | rather than fostering it.
        
             | TeaBrain wrote:
             | The truth in this case is even more strange than the
             | conspiracy theory though.
        
             | calculatte wrote:
             | His point was to keep the chemicals out of our food supply.
             | Argue about the details all you want, but nobody wants to
             | consume this toxin and feed it to their children. So yet
             | again, Alex Jones was right.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | In fact it makes them change sex, not gender (gender is a
           | cultural construct, so only applies to humans).
           | 
           | It makes frogs that would otherwise develop as male become
           | female or intersex instead.
        
             | TeaBrain wrote:
             | It looks like it actually reverses sexual characteristics
             | without reversing chromosomes, meaning the males that have
             | reversed sexual characteristics are still technically
             | genetically male.
             | 
             | "The resulting larvae were all male when raised to
             | metamorphosis and sampled (n = 100), confirming that
             | atrazine-induced females were, in fact, chromosomal males.
             | Furthermore, atrazine-induced females lacked the DM-W
             | further confirming that these atrazine-induced females were
             | indeed chromosomal males (Fig. 2). These ZZ females
             | expressed gonadal aromatase, as did true ZW females (n = 4,
             | from our stock colony), but ZZ males (n = 8, control or
             | treated) did not"
             | 
             | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2842049/
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | Yes, exactly - that is why I said intersex. it covers
               | both chromosomal and developmental abnormalities.
               | 
               | The frogs ARE genetically male. They are female (or
               | neither) as a result of development.
        
               | TeaBrain wrote:
               | I was more commenting on the first line of your comment,
               | where you said that they were changing sex, but I don't
               | think intersex is accurate either, as intersex traits are
               | present at birth. In the study, they raised the male
               | frogs to maturity before exposing them to atrazine, after
               | which 10% had their adult male characteristics reversed
               | to that of a female.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | Good point, but. I suppose sex change might be more
               | accurate.
        
               | TeaBrain wrote:
               | It's a weird phenomenon whatever the correct terminology
               | may be.
        
         | freeone3000 wrote:
         | 75% of an exposed pop stop producing testosterone. 10% of the
         | pop shift from male to female. These frogs still mate
         | successfully with male frogs, and even produce male offspring
         | -- it turns the frogs _trans_ :)
         | 
         | (https://news.berkeley.edu/2010/03/01/frogs/)
        
           | bassrattle wrote:
           | Right! So it's worse than altering their behavior, it causes
           | physical sexual changes
        
         | cluckindan wrote:
         | That's a bit of twist: in fact amphibians, like humans, start
         | out all female - atrazine just interferes with the development
         | of male characteristics, making male frogs develop intersex or
         | even completely female characteristics.
        
           | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
           | Can you elaborate on humans starting out all female ? Are you
           | talking about the women's egg chromosomes ? I wouldn't call
           | that a human.. an embryo has a strong claim to being a human,
           | but an egg ?
        
             | bena wrote:
             | All embryos start out biological female, it's only after
             | some time that the testosterone kicks in and differentiates
             | males from females.
             | 
             | If you block that process, you'd wind up with an XY female.
        
               | chemeng wrote:
               | Swyer syndrome being the representative example of this
               | for those looking for more info.
               | 
               | (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/XY_gonadal_dysgenesis)
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | I thought that would be considered intersex as there are
               | some anatomical structures that do not rely on the
               | testosterone to develop minimally, such as udecended
               | (non/minimally functioning) testicles in an XY individual
               | who has external femal genitalia.
        
               | bena wrote:
               | If you would call that intersex, then go for it. I'm not
               | here to argue the semantics. These are edge cases that
               | are fairly complicated.
               | 
               | We're talking about a person with a uterus, vulva,
               | vagina, etc. But without the widening of hips or
               | development of breasts that happen in most women. No
               | penis, no scrotum, no vas deferens, no testosterone.
               | Nothing you would find in the majority of men.
               | 
               | The only thing they have are testes and the testes
               | present in these individuals are basically inert. They're
               | usually removed because they're more likely to develop
               | testicular cancer.
               | 
               | With hormone therapy, they will develop the secondary sex
               | characteristics of women.
               | 
               | But the overall point here is that atrazine would need to
               | be administered in utero to have the effects claimed by
               | Alex Jones. Frogs reproduce externally. They lay eggs
               | that are then fertilized. These eggs can be contaminated
               | with surface atrazine which would then affect their
               | development as described earlier.
        
               | freeone3000 wrote:
               | so we need to ensure that pregnant women avoid atrazine,
               | from sources such as _drinking water_
               | 
               | Note: the claim was "they're turning the frogs gay!!"
               | which is quite inaccurate in several aspects (who's
               | "they?"). The general thrust is correct, however.
               | 
               | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3234399/
        
             | cluckindan wrote:
             | A human embryo is a human embryo. It cannot develop into an
             | apple or a zebra.
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | The issue I think there is never the specific claim but the
         | manner in which Jones makes these pronouncements linking a fact
         | like this to broader conspiracies and politics. That somehow
         | this shit is a left-wing / liberal conspiracy blah blah blah
         | when it's just run of the mill (and far more insidious and
         | systematic) corporate malfeasance in the search of profits.
        
         | graemep wrote:
         | I do not know what his claim is, but the the fact is it turns
         | them female or intersex, not gay.
        
         | gklitz wrote:
         | If someone is claiming that global climate change has melted
         | all the arctic ice and created a Vulcan into spring up in lower
         | Manhatten, they are a crackpot. But that doesn't mean global
         | climate change isn't real or isn't bad.
         | 
         | Two can be true. Atrazine can be bad, and Alex Jones claims
         | about it can be outrageous unfounded conspiracy theories.
        
       | autoexec wrote:
       | Shout out to Tyrone Hayes
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrone_Hayes), frog scientist, who
       | turned down piles of industry hush money to speak out against the
       | dangers of atrazine and publish his research. He seems like a
       | cool guy. I'd totally buy him a drink and talk about frogs.
        
         | benopal64 wrote:
         | Wow-- props to Professor Hayes. This guy is a role model for
         | researchers!
        
         | cedws wrote:
         | Guessing nobody went to prison over this?
        
           | belter wrote:
           | https://youtu.be/vm7dIAq7QwM?t=28
        
         | nraleigh wrote:
         | Guessing his research is what Alex Jones attributes to turning
         | the frogs gay?
        
         | IncreasePosts wrote:
         | Where can I find out more about him turning down piles of
         | industry hush money? All I can see on wikipedia is he was
         | beefing with some makers of atrazine.
        
           | autoexec wrote:
           | I haven't seen him disclose a specific number but they
           | basically offered to keep him very comfortably employed by
           | them, but they also wanted him to manipulate his research and
           | working for them meant that they could keep the research out
           | of the public eye (They owned his research and he was under a
           | confidentiality contract) so he left and continued his work
           | independent of their funding so that he could publish.
           | 
           | I've seen far too many of his talks on youtube to recall
           | which ones had him speaking about it himself, but here is his
           | wife:
           | 
           | > Tyrone was asked to be on a scientific panel to review the
           | evidence about atrazine. When he discovered these results and
           | reported it to them, they asked him to do some additional
           | work to make sure that these things were really accurate. So
           | he did some additional work and then they wanted him to do
           | more and more and more and this is where Syngenta said
           | basically we can fund you for a really long time if you'll
           | just keep repeating this. It could have been very easy just
           | to take all the money they were offering and be set for life.
           | It would have been like an endowment for life for him, for
           | research. (https://www.newyorker.com/video/watch/the-new-
           | yorker-present...)
        
       | pakyr wrote:
       | The Trump admin repeatedly weakened regulations around atrazine
       | imposed by the Obama admin[0][1], only for the Biden admin to
       | reimpose them.[2][3] I suppose we're about to see them severely
       | weakened again.
       | 
       | Edit: to the people talking about RFK Jr., he's not going to be
       | running the EPA; anti-regulation crusader and laissez-faire fan
       | Lee Zeldin will be.[4]
       | 
       | [0]https://biologicaldiversity.org/w/news/press-
       | releases/trumps...
       | 
       | [1]https://biologicaldiversity.org/w/news/press-
       | releases/trump-...
       | 
       | [2]https://www.eenews.net/articles/epa-tightens-limit-on-
       | popula...
       | 
       | [3]https://www.sej.org/headlines/biden-proposes-raising-
       | accepta...
       | 
       | [4]https://www.eenews.net/articles/meet-the-great-
       | deregulator-t...
        
         | quotemstr wrote:
         | I wouldn't be so sure of that. This chemical seems like a
         | central example of something RFK would love to ban.
        
           | anticorporate wrote:
           | The FDA (potential future home of RFK) does not have
           | oversight on pesticides. This is an EPA issue.
        
             | quotemstr wrote:
             | You're overindexing on formal authority and prematurely
             | discounting informal influence. RFK will be a prominent
             | member of the administration. He'll have the ears of
             | powerful people. He'll get some wins at the FDA (because
             | it's blindingly obvious we're poisoning ourselves), and
             | he'll be able to use these wins to drive changes at other
             | agencies.
             | 
             | The org chart is always just a suggestion.
        
               | stfp wrote:
               | Is the next administration really likely to do, on
               | purpose, _anything_ that would affect earnings for large
               | corps? It would absolutely blow my mind. I think RFK will
               | do zilch _unless_ it aligns with more profits for the
               | right folks.
        
               | quotemstr wrote:
               | You might want to update your model of the political
               | metagame. "Big Corp versus the people" is something like
               | three Hegelian dialectics ago.
        
               | voltaireodactyl wrote:
               | Interesting, the UHC stuff would have led me to believe
               | otherwise. What is the current Hegelian dialectic?
        
               | staunton wrote:
               | You're assuming he'd make a serious attempt to ban it
        
           | mullingitover wrote:
           | RFK was telling us he'd never support Trump, too, and here we
           | are.
           | 
           | RFK has demonstrated repeatedly that he has absolutely no
           | principles whatsoever, and he'll sell out if a soft breeze
           | passes by. If the agribusiness sector tells Trump that
           | banning this chemical will cost them 10% of their profits,
           | Trump will tell RFK to get in line, and he'll give a slight
           | whimper as he does so.
        
             | yaksha wrote:
             | Trump was willing to build a coalition while Democrats were
             | not. RFK, assuming he gets past the Senate, will be in a
             | substantially better position to influence health policy
             | than if he were to have snubbed Trump.
             | 
             | The game of politics makes enemies one day become allies
             | the next. If you want real progress on an agenda, being
             | dogmatic generally isn't the best way to accomplish it
             | (imo).
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | I'm not American, but to me this looks like a
               | preposterous take, when the Democrats had Cheney and a
               | pile of other Republicans lined up in what looks more to
               | me like a coalition than getting the endorsement of a
               | bizarre personality-cult fringe candidate.
        
         | weberer wrote:
         | RFK spoke out against this chemical specifically, so its likely
         | on the chopping block.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/gGoNyvAvhf0?t=350
        
       | rawgabbit wrote:
       | The report said Atrazine is commonly used in corn and sorghum
       | production. Can traces of Atrazine enter our bodies when eating
       | corn or corn fed meat?
        
         | roguecoder wrote:
         | Yep: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3481744/
        
           | rawgabbit wrote:
           | Thanks
        
       | zahma wrote:
       | Doubt that's going to change anytime soon with Lee Zeldin the
       | incoming EPA director.
        
         | Coffeewine wrote:
         | It will be an interesting dynamic, FDA taking a turn to ban
         | much more, EPA taking a turn to ban much less.
        
       | fao_ wrote:
       | The last time I looked into this, at least one US pesticide*
       | banned in the EU seemed to significantly disrupt oxytocin,
       | notably the pesticide in question seems to be present on fruit,
       | in the store, and can be absorbed through incidental contact.
       | Oxytocin is most notably involved in empathy, giving people a
       | nasal spray of oxytocin and testing them on empathy indicates
       | higher response (in the one story it boiled down to roughly, "how
       | much do you give a shit or relate to the suffering of other
       | people who you do not know") after their oxytocin has been
       | raised.
       | 
       | It does seem like there's room here for a study to see what the
       | general oxytocin level is in the US versus other countries -- if
       | it's notably reduced, I wonder if that can help explain why all
       | the US legislation around societal benefits and e.g. healthcare,
       | feels not just apathetic towards, but particularly hostile and
       | mean spirited to people who are suffering.
       | 
       | * - When i originally penned this, I was under the assumption it
       | was Atrazine, but it isn't and I can't find the pesticide in
       | question and don't feel like sifting through a list of "1000
       | pesticides banned in the EU that the US loves to use" to find the
       | one in question
       | 
       | edit, NB:
       | 
       | HNers that love to skim read and argue based on that, take note
       | -- the only claims made here are:
       | 
       | - At least one US pesticide that is banned in the EU disrupts
       | oxytocin (plausible, if not cited)
       | 
       | - Oxytocin is directly connected to expression of empathy
       | (incredibly well-founded)
       | 
       | - US legislation around societal benefits and healthcare feels
       | apathetic and mean spirited (opinion, take it or leave it)
       | 
       | Note that I very carefully do not claim that a {pesicide contact
       | -> reduced oxytocin-> reduced empathy -> mistreatment of the poor
       | and sick} chain is actually the case (I leave that in speculation
       | -- "I wonder if"), I only say that it seems _viable_ and _worthy
       | of investigation_ if and only if the first claim in the list
       | above is true. I also do not claim it to be the only cause --
       | that 's why I say the words "can help explain". Thank you for
       | reading.
        
         | galangalalgol wrote:
         | Atrazine does affect hypothalamic function so maybe? Could be
         | Chlorpyrifos or permethrin too.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | I don't think permethrin or pyrethrins generally are banned
           | in the EU, are they?
           | 
           | They're not good for cats, but are generally recognized to do
           | ... not much of anything... to mammals.
           | 
           | Insects develop resistance to them quite quickly, too. But
           | damn, we'd be somewhat in trouble without them.
        
             | galangalalgol wrote:
             | I think it is banned for agriculture use but ok for
             | personal insect repellent?
        
         | thrance wrote:
         | I'm no doctor, but if my understanding is correct oxytocin is
         | also correlated with in-group out-group behavior. I think it's
         | a bit reductionist to attribute election results to hormone
         | imbalance. Culture and material conditions probably have a much
         | greater impact on that.
        
           | fao_ wrote:
           | > I think it's a bit reductionist to attribute election
           | results to hormone imbalance.
           | 
           | I very carefully did not attribute election results _solely_
           | to that cause :)
           | 
           | Russian funding and mass media covert ops are likely more to
           | blame[1][2]
           | 
           | At the same time, I do think that there's room to explain why
           | vast swathes of the US has a very "I've got mine, fuck you"
           | attitude. This also seems to be somewhat recent, because
           | "Universal right to food" was one of the things proposed in,
           | I want to say the 40s-50s? as one of the basic fundamental
           | rights. Which, outright couldn't happen now with the current
           | state of American Politics.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZ5XN_mJE8Y
           | 
           | [2]: idk there's a laundry list of news outlets confirming
           | both of these points, if someone wants to argue about it then
           | it's likely we'll never agree in the first place, as the
           | evidence has been widely available for almost a decade now
           | and is very clear in terms of evidence of Russian influence
           | in voter manipulation, general public opinion manipulation,
           | and outright paying off politicians and working to inflate
           | the puritanical right wing.
        
             | thrance wrote:
             | Oh for sure, I agree with you on that. This reminds me that
             | as far back as during the french revolution, in 1789, some
             | "radical republicans" succeeded in putting a _droit de
             | subsistance_ , right to sustenance, in the very first
             | constitution. That right would guarantee some form of food
             | and shelter for everyone. It was removed in the second
             | constitution by the bourgeoisie, of course.
             | 
             | Those ideas are far from new, and I'm afraid to never see
             | them implemented in my lifetime, but I remain hopeful and
             | will still advocate for them however I can.
        
         | TeaBrain wrote:
         | Apparently Atrazine has been shown to suppress the oxytocin
         | receptor in cows.
         | 
         | "Atr decreased the mRNA expression and protein level of
         | oxytocin receptor (OTR)"
         | 
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35193057/
        
           | fao_ wrote:
           | Mm, I did take a quick look but the majority seem to be
           | studying within the cow cervix, which... it seems kind of
           | iffy to then expand that to the wider body, and then jump
           | species from cows to humans. Too many links of indirection to
           | make a reasonable claim about.
        
         | roguecoder wrote:
         | It is interesting: I have long wondered if recreational drugs
         | that created long-term feelings of safety and contentment
         | (rather than the anxiety, depression & fear of the current
         | options, especially among uppers) could improve political
         | outcomes.
         | 
         | On the other hand, given European's response to immigration has
         | been to cut their social spending, it seems more likely that
         | the difference in social support can be confidently attributed
         | to racism.
         | 
         | As far as I know we haven't found any chemicals that either
         | create or diminish racism, though it is an interesting
         | direction for future research.
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | My problem with what you're saying is that it relies on
         | affirming the antecedent. Which not a proposition I believe to
         | be correct, and in fact, view as denigration and slander of my
         | countrymen. I do not look kindly on that.
        
           | fao_ wrote:
           | > view as denigration and slander of my countrymen
           | 
           | The fact that you believe it to be incorrect also doesn't
           | really make it incorrect, does it. Notably, I am also not
           | saying that it is correct, but simply making a claim based on
           | if it is correct -- which may or may not be true.
           | 
           | I am sorry that you feel that I slandered and denigrated your
           | countrymen but surely the bigger denigration against the
           | american people here is the voting patterns of your
           | countrymen -- in repeatedly voting against social measures
           | that would provide aid and care to the poor, sick, and
           | disabled. I would look upon that as something to get
           | insulted, deeply upset about, and use that feeling as a force
           | to try to argue for and push for change politically, as
           | opposed to a random comment on the internet.
        
             | samatman wrote:
             | > _The fact that you believe it to be incorrect also doesn
             | 't really make it incorrect_
             | 
             | The fact that it's incorrect is what makes it incorrect.
        
       | ourmandave wrote:
       | Ask your doctor if Atrazine is right for you.
        
         | nozzlegear wrote:
         | No need - my senator, the venerable+ Chuck Grassley, has
         | already decided for me!
         | 
         | + Venerable and decrepit.
        
       | asdasdsddd wrote:
       | What are the actual vectors here, does it come thru the
       | vegetables we eat, the meat from animals that eat the vegetables,
       | or the ground water and do we measure this stuff?
        
         | cluckindan wrote:
         | Ground water. Although you'd probably do better being scared of
         | PFAS compounds in everything around you.
        
       | legitster wrote:
       | The EPA has actually been pretty active regarding Atrazine in
       | recent years, a lot of restrictions are in the works:
       | 
       | https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/atra...
        
         | jdietrich wrote:
         | Banned in the EU since 2004.
         | 
         | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:...
        
           | legitster wrote:
           | Okay?
           | 
           | Who banned what first isn't a really salient point since each
           | respective governing body has their own criteria and
           | methodology.
        
             | geysersam wrote:
             | The criteria are insufficient to protect people from
             | harmful chemicals. That's the point.
        
               | legitster wrote:
               | Do you have a source on that? The US actually ranks third
               | in the world in food safety:
               | https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/project/food-
               | sec...
               | 
               | As a rule of thumb, the US just operates differently -
               | spending much more effort on testing and inspection and
               | labeling on the final product - whereas Europe has
               | stricter, more precautionary scrutiny of ingredients, but
               | operates with less oversight. (If you can remember the
               | horse meat fiasco in Europe a decade ago, something like
               | that could have never happened in the US.)
               | 
               | There are also some counter examples like Chlorpyrifos
               | which is banned in the US but not the EU.
        
       | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
       | It's crazy that various chemicals like this or food dyes are
       | banned elsewhere but legal in America. Is this due to the power
       | and influence of corporate lobbyists or just a failure of a slow
       | bureaucracy? Either way it is unacceptable
        
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