[HN Gopher] Being overweight overtakes tobacco smoking as the le...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Being overweight overtakes tobacco smoking as the leading disease
       risk factor
        
       Author : giuliomagnifico
       Score  : 190 points
       Date   : 2024-12-11 14:51 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.scimex.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.scimex.org)
        
       | malfist wrote:
       | I saw a news article the other day that the obesity rate
       | decreased instead of increased last year for the first time in
       | well over a decade.
       | 
       | I wonder how much GLP-1s have to do with all of that, and how
       | much more they'll do.
        
         | quaffapint wrote:
         | I do wonder how much affect it has. At least in the US most
         | insurance companies won't cover them (unless you already have
         | diabetes, for example) and at over $1,000 a month I can't see
         | how the people who could really benefit from this to lower the
         | numbers can possibly afford it.
        
           | malfist wrote:
           | From personal experience, it's ridiculously easy to get a
           | compounded formulation from one of the telehealth suppliers,
           | and it's cheap even though you can't submit it to insurance.
           | I think I pay $200 and get two one month vials for it.
           | 
           | It's been marvelous for me, I was just over the edge into
           | overweight, so no one would prescribe it for me, even though
           | I had a borderline pre-diabetes A1C, and reactive
           | hypoglycemia runs in my family.
           | 
           | My choices were gain another 10 pounds, or find a telehealth
           | that wasn't bothered by not following the FDA rules so
           | strictly. So that's what I did, I got a script from
           | telahealth and now I'm smack dab in the middle of the healthy
           | weight range (-24lb), haven't had a hypoglycemic incident
           | since I started it, and as a bonus my IBS-D went away
           | completely.
           | 
           | I've reduced my dose to the point that I'm at the dose you
           | start out on, and that has let me keep my weight constant
           | without losing more or gaining more. Plan to stay this way
           | for a year and then see about titrating it even more until
           | I'm off of it. I also followed their instructions and only
           | titrated up when I wasn't seeing weightloss, so I never hit
           | the highest dose, and kept my weight loss to .75-1.5 lb/week.
           | Perfectly sustainable.
           | 
           | This has been miraculous, and something that multiple years
           | of consistent dieting hasn't solved. And as a bonus, I can
           | now do my strength training I love without feeling like I
           | have to eat the house on the recovery day
        
             | aoanevdus wrote:
             | Random question about how those compounding pharmacies
             | work. Can you order a higher dose and then just stretch it
             | out by taking the minimum dose to save cost? Do they
             | automatically bill you monthly or can you skip months?
        
               | malfist wrote:
               | That's kinda what I'm doing. They still send me enough
               | for my max dose reached (1.5mg/wk), but I've titrated
               | down (to 0.5mg/wk) since I'm at the weight I should be
               | at, so I just use a vial for a month, and toss the
               | remainder. They send me two vials at a time.
               | 
               | The vials have a 6 month use by date, though evidence
               | indicates semaglutide is stable for 1 year. I can log
               | into the portal and tell it to skip a month, but since
               | it's a push system, I don't get automatically billed. I
               | actually have to do a checkin and the doc has to approve
               | the refill. So if I have extra vials, I just skip that
               | month's check in.
               | 
               | There's some indication that you don't have to toss the
               | vial after a month, the FDA set those limits assuming it
               | was insulin that is used sometimes more than daily. 4
               | penetrations of the vial's membrane probably isn't enough
               | to contaminate it, but I'd rather be on the safe side so
               | I don't use the vial for more than a month at a time. My
               | partner is a pharmacist, so that part of the influence
               | for the safer approach.
        
               | daedrdev wrote:
               | I think which is usually they start you at a small dose,
               | ramp you up in dosage, then ramp you down when its time
               | to come off, that way you dont suddenly feel much
               | hungrier when it goes away because you've slowly adjusted
               | it.
        
             | sjsisjxjdjd wrote:
             | > something that multiple years of consistent dieting
             | hasn't solved
             | 
             | Did you continue to track calories while using the drug?
             | 
             | As somebody who has successfully increased and decreased
             | their body weight over the years (after initially being
             | obese), if you're able to diet consistently I don't see why
             | a drug is needed. My guess is whatever diet you were on was
             | consistent for the weight you were at.
        
               | malfist wrote:
               | I don't find calorie tracking to be very successful. In
               | my mental ecosystem, it penalizes spending calories on
               | healthy foods (why eat that banana if it's just
               | calories), and I don't do so well with a budget, constant
               | go over just slightly.
               | 
               | I had better luck with Weight Watcher with "free" healthy
               | foods and the segmentation between weekly and daily
               | budgets. Then weight watchers tweaked their point values
               | so much that I couldn't stick with it very well, and when
               | I dual tracked points and calories the new WW plan had me
               | at under 1400 cal/day, which isn't sustainable.
               | 
               | > if you're able to diet consistently I don't see why a
               | drug is needed
               | 
               | It'd really really really really really really hard to
               | stick to a diet, especially long term. GLP-1s puts eating
               | healthy and good portion sizes all on autopilot. I don't
               | have to plan out how I'm going to manage my hunger and my
               | food noise, it's just auto pilot. I naturally gravitate
               | to eating enough, but not too much, and mostly plants.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | Bananas aren't really that healthy. Like you said their
               | nutritional value is mainly just calories.
        
               | nemomarx wrote:
               | I don't think 1400 is unsustainable? it'll lead to losing
               | weight continuously, maybe a half pound a week ish, but
               | that's sustainable for as long as you have weight to
               | lose, isn't it?
        
               | sjsisjxjdjd wrote:
               | Yes, very likely.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus_Barbieri%27s_fast
        
               | mmierz wrote:
               | This depends on your size and activity level. The last
               | time I dieted, I was losing a pound a week on 2700
               | calories. 1400 would have been a severe crash diet.
        
             | voisin wrote:
             | > And as a bonus, I can now do my strength training I love
             | without feeling like I have to eat the house on the
             | recovery day
             | 
             | I am interested in hearing more about your strength
             | training on this. Do you find that eating less slows your
             | gains and PRs?
        
               | malfist wrote:
               | I'm sure it does, but I'm not a good enough strength
               | trainer to really notice. I'd say I'm closer to an
               | intermediate lifter than a beginner, but I'm not advanced
               | enough to really notice a difference.
               | 
               | Time in the gym is my biggest blocker today, not what I
               | ate.
        
             | hirvi74 wrote:
             | I am curious, if you don't mind. Have you noticed any other
             | fringe benefits? By that, I mean a reduction in alcohol
             | consumption or other non-food vices? Any cognitive benefits
             | like an increase in focus or concentration?
        
             | SystemOut wrote:
             | I'm on Mounjaro for T2D, previously on Ozempic. Besides the
             | weight loss and the blood sugar control it also eliminated
             | my IBS as well. Before the drug certain foods, especially
             | nuts would cause excruciating digestive issues. I can now
             | eat them without worry. It's been amazing.
        
             | caffeinated_me wrote:
             | Any recommendations on telehealth suppliers to contact for
             | that compounded formulation? They're easy to find, but I'm
             | not sure who is trustworthy on this topic.
        
               | 2snakes wrote:
               | Mochi / Henry Meds. Mochi is the cheapest.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | I just went through the quiz at Mochi and it said I was
               | eligible for their nutrition program but not medication.
               | The FAQ says your BMI has to be over 30 or 27 if you have
               | some other health condition.
        
           | jimbob45 wrote:
           | Doesn't seem like it will matter. The core patent expires in
           | 2026[0] and the rest expire in 2033. It seems like most will
           | have access to at least some form of the drug affordably
           | within the next five years.
           | 
           | [0]https://www.reddie.co.uk/2024/08/30/the-year-of-ozempic-
           | an-i...
        
           | danans wrote:
           | Ozempic is around $100/month in most western European
           | countries, including the country of it's maker, Novo Nordisk.
           | 
           | Sen. Bernie Sanders has been recently calling out this
           | company for charging an order of magnitude more in the US,
           | where it is priced like a cosmetic medical product.
        
       | bwestergard wrote:
       | This paper provides a helpful breakdown of types of mortalities
       | and how they're associated with BMI. It's interesting to see that
       | the lowest All-cause mortality is at a BMI of 25. A BMI of 30
       | doesn't increase the hazard ratio that much, but a BMI of ~45
       | doubles it. The minimum for cancer mortality is notably lower
       | (21) but perhaps surprisingly the minimum communicable disease
       | mortality is at a BMI of 26.
       | 
       | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8...
        
         | hooverd wrote:
         | My guess: less cells mean less cancer, but it's good to have
         | reserves if you're fighting off a virus?
        
           | ethagknight wrote:
           | More likely relates to diet. There was a recent WashU study
           | directly linking high fructose diets to increased cancer.
           | Cancer cells are vigorously growing, needs lots of available
           | fuel, a diet full of corn syrup fuels both fat and cancer.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _a diet full of corn syrup fuels both fat and cancer_
             | 
             | Or sugar. Or modern fruits. The problem with HFCS isn't
             | that it's got fructose (so does cane sugar) or is made from
             | corn, it's that it's cheap sugar.
        
               | enaaem wrote:
               | How much fruit do you have to eat before it becomes
               | harmful? I can imagine juice can easily be over consumed
               | but solid fruit is very satiating.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _How much fruit do you have to eat before it becomes
               | harmful?_
               | 
               | Unclear. The aforementioned study fed mice sugar water
               | [1], and cautions against extending its findings to fruit
               | as "natural fructose obtained from plants typically
               | confers metabolic benefits due to its slower absorption
               | rate and the presence of beneficial plant fiber and
               | antioxidants."
               | 
               | It does mention, however, that "human
               | physiology...confronts challenges when metabolizing
               | fructose beyond 25g/day." That's like a cup of grapes, a
               | medium pear or half a mango [2].
               | 
               | [1] https://www.ijbs.com/v20p3480.pdf
               | 
               | [2] https://www.webmd.com/diet/ss/slideshow-fruit-sugar
        
               | BobaFloutist wrote:
               | >solid fruit is very satiating.
               | 
               | Very briefly.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | I've stopped eating fruit (and carrots, which have fruit-
               | like levels of sugar) with the exception of tart (i.e.,
               | less sugary) cherries out of a desire to limit my
               | fructose intake. I was eating raspberries, too, which are
               | much lower in sugar than most fruit, but stopped because
               | of their high levels of oxalic acid, but I do expect to
               | restart raspberries in a few years because I expect my
               | ability to tolerate oxalic acid in my diet to improve
               | slowly over the next few years. (In contrast, high-
               | fructose foods including most fruit are probably gone for
               | good.)
               | 
               | Of course, I'm not asserting that everyone should do as I
               | am doing. There is substantial variation between
               | individuals here.
        
               | homero wrote:
               | It's funny all the modern fruit I see is bigger but dry
               | and not sweet at all
        
             | pengaru wrote:
             | AIUI cancer cells are also metabolically inflexible; they
             | like glucose, not ketones.
        
               | voisin wrote:
               | Good evidence for this found here: "Tripping over the
               | Truth: The Metabolic Theory of Cancer"[0]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23496164
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _AIUI cancer cells are also metabolically inflexible;
               | they like glucose, not ketones_
               | 
               | Is there a selection effect at play? As in, a person with
               | high serum glucose levels will tend to have cancer that
               | likes glucose? That would imply the solution isn't
               | ketones _per se_ , but changing the fuel from whatever
               | the cancer grew up with.
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | iirc the talk I learned this from said there's simply not
               | many cancer variants that don't need abundant glucose to
               | grow tumors. That the whole defect stems from hijacking
               | the energy side to fuel uncontrolled growth, and it needs
               | glucose.
        
               | circlefavshape wrote:
               | I know someone who tried to use keto to manage her bowel
               | cancer, and died. Used to know rather than know I guess
        
               | ifwinterco wrote:
               | Yeah I see this take all the time and it's dangerous, it
               | might have an element of truth but it's definitely
               | dangerously simplistic. You can find advocates of low fat
               | high carb diets also claiming that very low fat intakes
               | improve cancer survivability.
               | 
               | I'm sorry for your loss
        
           | moduspol wrote:
           | Perhaps people getting cancer treatments tend to lose a lot
           | of weight before dying?
        
             | strict9 wrote:
             | Another possibility is that unexplained and unintended
             | weight loss is associated with increased risk for many
             | types of cancers.
        
         | Izkata wrote:
         | Yet another showing "overweight but not obese" might not
         | actually be bad, and this post's title is wrong?
         | 
         | ("Overweight" is the BMI range 25 - 30, "obese" is 30+)
        
           | gklitz wrote:
           | Being overweight increases the risk of developing quality of
           | life reducing conditions and that is bad (it's not being
           | overweight itself that is bad). This is the case even if it
           | doesn't lead directly to dying. I would be careful about
           | pushing the narrative that being overweight but not obese is
           | just fine just because it won't significantly increase your
           | chance of straight up dying. Type 2 diabetes is a treatable
           | condition so might not lead to a significant increase in
           | deaths, but not exactly something you would want to develop
           | if you can avoid it. And your chance of developing just that
           | does increase if you are overweight even if you are not
           | obese.
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | I'd like to emphasize the "might not": The impression I get
             | from all these studies (I've seen them pop up pretty
             | regularly for as long as I've been paying attention, nearly
             | two decades) is that the border is actually wrong, that
             | going from "normal" to "overweight" should be increased
             | slightly from 25 to 27 or so. We're probably getting mixed
             | signals in the "overweight" classification because "okay"
             | and "bad" levels are being combined.
        
         | wjnc wrote:
         | The focus on kg/m2 (BMI) I cannot understand. Surely the lowly
         | "body fat percentage" should be a better variable than kg/m2?
         | Bodies are three dimensional you know!
        
           | coldpie wrote:
           | It is much easier to measure, and is a good enough proxy for
           | the vast majority of people.
        
             | bumby wrote:
             | To quantify, I've heard MDs say that the outliers
             | (relatively high BMI but low body fat) constitute less than
             | 1% of high BMI people. They also said that those outliers
             | are still at risk of certain health troubles, like sleep
             | apnea.
             | 
             | The suggestion of using BMI + waist circumference is an
             | easier to measure risk factor than bodyfat percentage and
             | helps to better capture those outliers.
        
           | mannykannot wrote:
           | I imagine the missing spatial dimensions are correlated with
           | weight, for any given height.
        
           | swatcoder wrote:
           | BMI is trivial to measure conclusively, using tools that are
           | almost universally available and ready. And at population
           | scale, it's proven to be a strong and pretty signal for
           | analyzing in studies like these as the ways in which BMI can
           | fail for individuals is too uncommon for it to matter to
           | population studies.
           | 
           | It's a perfect tool to use for studies like these, as it can
           | contribute understanding society-level concerns about the
           | obesity epidemic and what impact we can expect it to have if
           | it continues not to be tackled.
           | 
           | But like with almost all medical and nutritional research,
           | drawing conclusions for yourself as an individual based on
           | these population-scale studies is inevitably fraught. In the
           | case of BMI studies, you can often get a fair sense of
           | whether you should be concerned or not, but do need to take
           | into account other things that you know about your lifestyle
           | and health. Your doctor, presumably, does exactly that.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, body fat percentage tends to be _very_ hard to
           | measure accurately in the first place and has different
           | techniques that tend to have different error characteristics,
           | making it hard to correlate it between studies done through
           | different clinics, let alone against someone 's personal
           | assessment at home or with their personal
           | doctor/trainer/whatever. It probably has high relevance to
           | some medical and nutritional outcomes, but isn't a very
           | useful input variable for research because its inescapably
           | noisy.
        
             | hirvi74 wrote:
             | I apologize if this is tangential, but I have noticed BMI
             | research is often heavily criticized, but the same issues
             | that plague BMI can easily be applied to psychometric
             | measurements of intelligence (IQ), but somehow IQ is spared
             | the same beating for some reason I must not understand.
             | 
             | Perhaps my low IQ is showing, but why is one metric heavily
             | criticized while the other is not? (Rhetorical)
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | Huh? I haven't seen "IQ" seriously used in decades. Its
               | flaw are well known.
        
               | hughesjj wrote:
               | Even in popsci/social media I've seen more and more
               | awareness that it's "bunk" science.
               | 
               | It's in the same category as all that "alpha male"
               | theory, Meyers Briggs, polygraphs, and "left vs right
               | brained" people.
               | 
               | I'm starting to see more awareness around the concerns of
               | "ballistic forensics" too, which is heartening.
        
               | hirvi74 wrote:
               | > Even in popsci/social media I've seen more and more
               | awareness that it's "bunk" science.
               | 
               | Devil's Advocate: Then why is it so heavily used still?
               | (Then again, I guess back to my initial point -- the same
               | could be said for BMI.)
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | Proof that's it's still heavily used in serious
               | scientific literature?
        
               | hirvi74 wrote:
               | How do you define 'serious scientific literature?' In
               | other words, what type of evidence would you like me to
               | present? Does any peer reviewed research that uses IQ as
               | a factor count as serious? (Obviously, I won't present
               | research that is _about IQ measurement._ )
        
               | mewpmewp2 wrote:
               | I have never had IQ test taken, but countless of times
               | BMI has been calculated. Mind you I have had other mental
               | tests done due to ADHD and Autism concerns, and some of
               | them were similar about abstract logic, but they were
               | combined with other things like focus, memory,
               | multitasking, literary understanding and other mental
               | capabilities. The results of these tests were presented
               | as percentiles in the population.
        
               | hirvi74 wrote:
               | Interesting. I was given an IQ test for ADHD diagnostic
               | purposes. There were other test given, as well. And in my
               | opinion, the other tests were more indicative than the IQ
               | test was (which I think is falling out of favor with ADHD
               | testing). Then again, there were some issues with my test
               | and scoring, so it makes me even more dubious of the
               | (psuedo)science.
               | 
               | I went through the arduous process merely for the formal
               | documentation, which in hindsight has served me well. Not
               | a single doctor has ever questioned my diagnosis.
               | However, as the psych told me, a 10 minute conversation
               | with me should honestly have been evidence enough. ;)
        
               | mewpmewp2 wrote:
               | Interestingly, the actual ADHD tests didn't find any
               | issues, my main issue was my mind wandering in social
               | situations, listening, understanding, keeping track of
               | conversations and my own input. But whatever the tests
               | were they were stimulating enough that I had no problem
               | focusing. It's also repetitive, routineus actions that I
               | have trouble focusing on, so it's almost like untestable
               | issues. I did get the diagnosis though, I don't remember
               | with what justification since the tests didn't allow for
               | that.
        
               | hirvi74 wrote:
               | I was administered the WAIS-IV for the purpose of a
               | clinical diagnosis about 10 years ago. My state still
               | considers it one of many factors in whether one is a
               | candidate for the death penalty. Some gifted programs
               | still accept the scores as necessary evidence for
               | admission.
        
               | swatcoder wrote:
               | > somehow IQ is spared the same beating
               | 
               | I think this is the part you're getting wrong, which is
               | why you're confused.
               | 
               | IQ was contentious from its introduction in the beginning
               | of the 20th century, caught some traction in the mid-
               | century, and has mostly been on a decline of esteem and
               | respect again since. It's never been very broadly
               | accepted, let alone spared from criticism, nor have most
               | other psychometrics, although (as always) there are
               | bubbles of academia, industry, and the general population
               | that swear by them and work to legitimize them.
               | 
               | Kurt Danziger has published really great histories of all
               | this.
               | 
               | I'll add that his books are especially interesting in the
               | context of all the AI buzz as insight into the history of
               | "intelligence" (the word, the socially constructed
               | concept, etc) helps wrap one's head around what it means
               | when people working in CS try to repurpose its
               | terminology in their own field.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | IQ is as far as I can tell quite well accepted as a
               | diagnostic tool. The pushback is in its application
               | across whole populations.
        
               | hirvi74 wrote:
               | FWIW, anecdotal data is also considered a valid
               | diagnostic tool too, and we know how unreliable such
               | information can be.
               | 
               | Also, by populations, do you mean groups of particular
               | types of people or just groups of people in general? If
               | anything, I thought IQ really only had anything close to
               | merit at large population levels. Much of what I have
               | read clearly fails at an individual level.
               | 
               | However, if you are talking about IQ's application in
               | regards to populations like one race vs. another, then
               | yes, I think the pushback is well deserved.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I agree with you about your last statement! I think it's
               | actually a pretty interesting comparable to BMI. BMI:
               | useful epidemiologically, across large populations, but
               | much less useful individually. IQ: much less useful
               | across large populations, but useful as a
               | diagnostic/clinical tool in individual settings.
        
               | swatcoder wrote:
               | > IQ is as far as I can tell quite well accepted as a
               | diagnostic tool
               | 
               | Inside certain bubbles, sure, because there's pressing
               | demand to have _something_ quantifiable and sufficient
               | supporters willing to assert its legitimacy.
               | 
               | But good luck taking your test results outside of those
               | bubbles to earn you some opportunity or respect, even if
               | you can say your test was administered to the highest
               | standards by the most respected administrators.
               | 
               | Nobody here will take your results to mean anything.
               | Nobody at your work will take your results to mean
               | anything. The recruiter at some new potential job won't
               | either. The prestigious university you want to attend
               | won't care. Most of your partners and friends probably
               | won't.
               | 
               | Many of them may already have a sense of whether you're
               | "intelligent" or not, either from personal interactions
               | or from other practical indications. But good luck
               | finding somebody of material influence who would hear
               | your IQ score results and change their mind. It just
               | doesn't have that weight.
               | 
               | That's what it means for it not to be treated seriously
               | outside of bubbles. There are supporters that back it,
               | and there are institutions that rely on it, but outside
               | of those very specific places, there's very very little
               | trust in it.
        
               | hirvi74 wrote:
               | In any bubble where IQ is considered legitimate, just
               | mention that Richard Feynman apparently had a recorded IQ
               | of 124 or so (or Lewis Terman's study of gifted
               | children).
               | 
               | You'd think someone tried to convince those in the bubble
               | that the Earth is flat. In my experiences, I have been
               | met with all kinds of rebuttals like, "The test he took
               | was probably over-weighted in verbal vs. spatial
               | reasoning" or "He probably just blew the whole test off."
               | 
               | No one has a copy of the actual results to my knowledge,
               | but he and his sister (who oddly enough scored higher)
               | verified the story back in the day according to
               | biographers. So, not telling what is the true story.
               | 
               | For the sake of argument, let's assume Feynman's score
               | was indeed accurate. I think it makes people extremely
               | uncomfortable for two reasons:
               | 
               | 1. Some individuals with high IQs (IQ >= 130) feel
               | threatened or ashamed by the fact that someone with an
               | high but unremarkable score was capable of truly
               | remarkable contributions to their field.
               | 
               | 2. The scores are truly not always accurate or might
               | potentially measure something that isn't intelligence.
               | 
               | If Feynman's score was indeed an inaccurate measurement
               | of his intelligence, then that says more than I need to
               | know about IQ testing.
               | 
               | I mention Feynman because I am in agreement with you:
               | 
               | > _Many of them may already have a sense of whether you
               | 're "intelligent" or not, either from personal
               | interactions or from other practical indications._
               | 
               | No one would consider Feynman to be unintelligent by any
               | stretch of the imagination. However, at the end of the
               | day, his score truly _doesn 't matter._ Feynman nor
               | anyone else is not remembered because of their
               | intelligence, but rather, his contributions. Besides,
               | exceptional people tend to be, well, _exceptional._
        
               | hirvi74 wrote:
               | > there are bubbles of academia, industry, and the
               | general population that swear by them and work to
               | legitimize them.
               | 
               | Perhaps you a right, because this is my main exposure to
               | psychometric. From much of what I have read from various
               | journals, there are clearly those that are contrarians,
               | but mainstream academic psychology presents IQ as if IQ
               | is some infallible measurement of human intelligence.
               | 
               | Despite IQ's merits being contentious (like BMI), it is
               | still widely used regardless. IQ testing is still used
               | for clinical diagnostic purposes (why I had to take one),
               | entrance in to some gifted academic programs, in judicial
               | contexts, etc..
               | 
               | Based on my personal research and experiences, I align
               | with the contrarian views vs. the mainstream, academic
               | views.
        
               | hluska wrote:
               | IQ routinely gets destroyed. As an example, I was an
               | undergraduate in the 1990s. My statistics class skewered
               | the use of IQ back then. According to some friends with
               | undergraduates, they still use that as an example of
               | statistics being used badly.
        
               | hirvi74 wrote:
               | People say that, but then people like me are administered
               | the tests for clinical diagnostic purposes (right or
               | wrong), and even my state still considers the scores to
               | be a valid measurement of intelligence, and thus a factor
               | in whether someone convicted of murder is eligible for
               | the death penalty.
               | 
               | I think the concept is bullshit myself, but regardless
               | the damage is done, and still being done for what it is
               | worth.
        
               | Natsu wrote:
               | IQ is an interesting one. There are indeed plenty of
               | issues in actually measuring it and deciding what we're
               | even measuring to begin with, but at the same time, I've
               | heard some people try to say it doesn't even exist at
               | all.
               | 
               | Which seems odd, because I've yet to see anyone who
               | doesn't believe that stupidity exists and it's the other
               | side of the same coin.
        
               | hirvi74 wrote:
               | > I've yet to see anyone who doesn't believe that
               | stupidity exists and it's the other side of the same
               | coin.
               | 
               | I do not think that is the argument though. Clearly,
               | there is some sort of distribution of all human
               | attributes. I think the argument is in how (in)accurately
               | something as qualitative and arbitrary as intelligence
               | can be measured.
               | 
               | I like the analogy of athleticism. Some people are more
               | athletic than others, but again, such differences are
               | generally highly contextual. I am sure some sort of test
               | composed of factors like the number of push-ups, sit-ups,
               | and time trial of a 100m dash could be used to generate
               | some sort of AQ (athletic quotient).
               | 
               | However, scoring high on the 100m dash might positively
               | correlate with performance in sports, but I would not
               | wager that a high AQ is truly indicative of athletic
               | performance as a whole. At least not in any transitive
               | sense when mapped to many sports. For example, Usain Bolt
               | might have a very high AQ because of his running ability,
               | but his AQ might not serve him well in a game of ice
               | hockey or swimming.
        
             | worik wrote:
             | > BMI is trivial to measure conclusively
             | 
             | That does not make BMI a good measure.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | It does for some applications, and not for others. In
               | epidemiology you're looking at the number across broad
               | populations, where a lot of the "three dimensions"
               | idiosyncrasies cancel out. You're likely to run into
               | trouble taking literal BMI constants and turning them
               | into individualized patient care instructions, though.
        
           | maxglute wrote:
           | It's an easier diagnostic metric. Being jacked shit house
           | with high BMI will still suffer from health issues of merely
           | being overweight relative to frame.
        
             | voisin wrote:
             | > Being jacked shit house with high BMI will still suffer
             | from health issues of merely being overweight relative to
             | frame.
             | 
             | Do you have evidence for this? (Assuming getting jacked
             | without the use of steroids)
        
               | fluoridation wrote:
               | Well, for one, it places the same strain on the skeleton,
               | with all the consequences that entails. Mass is mass, no
               | matter if it's muscle or fat.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Well yes and no. Strain on the skeleton from excess
               | muscle isn't particularly a problem unless someone is
               | really huge or does a lot of running. The skeleton adapts
               | to handle the load. Having more strength in the muscles
               | that stabilize joints actually reduces the risk of joint
               | injuries -- up to a point.
               | 
               | https://peterattiamd.com/belindabeck/
               | 
               | The medical problems with excess muscle mass tend to be
               | more on the cardiovascular system than the skeleton. And
               | the process of gaining a lot of muscle mass can increase
               | the risk of musculoskeletal injuries (especially if using
               | PEDS), which is a key confounding factor when looking at
               | population health statistics.
        
               | byproxy wrote:
               | Wouldn't some (if not all) of that be mitigated by the
               | increase in bone density that comes with resistance
               | training?
        
               | fluoridation wrote:
               | The problem is not bone density. Your bones are never
               | going to break under your own weight unless there's
               | something _seriously_ wrong with you. The problem is
               | joint health.
        
               | byproxy wrote:
               | Sure, guess I read your comment as bone-focused. That
               | said, joints also do get more resilient when resistance
               | training. Although, I'm aware not necessarily at the same
               | rate as the muscles themselves, leading to issues where
               | the muscles are capable of handling more weight than the
               | joints can happily handle (if we are to personify
               | joints). But, I think that issue is mostly obviated with
               | good programming and load management.
        
               | maxglute wrote:
               | Your heart is still moving the same weight, fat or
               | muscle. It's the same from system stress. Experiencing
               | more health issues from bulking even at >20 bodyfat is
               | pretty common... blood pressure etc. At some point just
               | being a bigger person who has to eat more takes a toll.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | BMI is more of a _screening_ metric than a diagnostic
             | metric. It 's not really diagnostic of any medical
             | condition beyond obesity itself, but if a patient is
             | outside the normal BMI range then that can be a reason to
             | justify additional diagnostic tests for certain conditions.
        
           | DiskoHexyl wrote:
           | Let's put it like this: the probability of an individual to
           | be at a BMI of 30+ AND being very lean, while not using PEDs,
           | is extremely low. So low, in fact, that it doesn't make sense
           | to even look into these outliers from the societal health
           | point of view.
           | 
           | Imagine a 180cm 98kg male. That would be a BMI of 30. How
           | often do you see people of that size with visible abs? And of
           | those, how many are the ones who've never touched steroids,
           | sarms, peptides and hgh?
           | 
           | If a person's BMI is less than 30, they are going to be okay
           | no matter what their body composition, and with a BMI of 30+
           | they aren't going to be okay, whether they are fat or jacked.
           | Both obese and insanely built people put massive strain on
           | their knees and back, both typically have high blood
           | pressure.
           | 
           | Then the adipose tissue itself has various negative
           | inflammatory effects on health, which sceletal muscle
           | doesn't, and fat people encounter psychological side-effects
           | of being unattractive, which jacked people don't, but PED use
           | has its own list of well-known issues, and being THAT MUCH
           | into bodybuilding is highly correlated with body dysmorphia
           | alongside other physch issues.
           | 
           | So both are bad, and when speaking about general population
           | health, we shouldn't really focus on body composition- BMI is
           | good enough marker on its own
        
           | heraldgeezer wrote:
           | If you are not an ELITE athlete or bodybuilder... then BMI is
           | accurate. You are coping.
        
           | hluska wrote:
           | Outside of elite athletes, BMI is good at what it's for. It's
           | just an easy way to express the relationship between your
           | weight and height. Everything else requires specialized tools
           | and contains a large margin of error.
        
         | thr3000 wrote:
         | This particular statistic has a ton of problems. It's
         | impossible to disassociate the various causative pathways that
         | land you at a BMI below 25. A ton of them involve diseases and
         | chronic conditions.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, it's very hard to impossible to RCT this. And if
         | a study has no RCT, take it with as much salt as your diet
         | allows.
         | 
         | You definitely don't want to intentionally _gain weight_ on the
         | basis of this. If weight control is easy for you, I would
         | personally strive for a lower BMI.
         | 
         | If losing weight below 25 is hard for you and your body just
         | seems to refuse to do it, then you _might_ be OK at 25.
        
           | 0xffff2 wrote:
           | What's RCT?
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Randomized controlled trial.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > This particular statistic has a ton of problems. It's
           | impossible to disassociate the various causative pathways
           | that land you at a BMI below 25. A ton of them involve
           | diseases and chronic conditions.
           | 
           | I'd beware of using this sort of hand-waving to ignore the
           | studies, there are also effects pushing the relationship
           | between average health outcomes and BMI in the other
           | direction. Your ethnic origin seems to be very important, and
           | for ethnicities who already have a high propensity for Type 2
           | diabetes, higher BMI is a factor, but not a huge one.
           | 
           | > _Strikingly, in those with a normal weight, the prevalence
           | of diabetes was 5.0% in whites, 10.1% in Asians and American
           | Indians /Alaskan Natives, 13.0% in Hispanics, 13.5% in
           | Blacks, and 18.0% in Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders._
           | 
           | > Furthermore, when they examined the relative risks for
           | diabetes for each BMI category by race/ethnicity, Zhu et al.
           | reported that across all racial/ethnic groups whites had the
           | steepest BMI gradient, followed by Asians, American
           | Indians/Alaskan Natives, Hispanics, Hawaiians/Pacific
           | Islanders, and blacks.
           | 
           | https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/42/12/2164/36251/D.
           | ..
           | 
           | Another potential distortion comes out of this when you
           | consider that black and Hispanic people are the fattest in
           | the US. Blacks and Hispanics can have lower lifespans for
           | reasons other than BMI, such as access to health care, high-
           | quality food, exposure to violence, physical jobs, etc...
           | 
           | So just these two factors complicate the picture in general
           | (your fattest have the least access to health care and most
           | exposure to danger and neglect), and and in the other
           | direction specifically for white people (an increase of BMI
           | in white people makes a huge difference in their incidence of
           | diabetes.)
           | 
           | Anecdotally, I'm black, and there's a lot of thin diabetes in
           | my family. My dad usually runs about 20-21 BMI, and is pre-
           | diabetic. His mother, who is also small, though not quite as
           | small, is also diabetic. As far as I can tell, the fatter
           | people in both sides of my family are no more likely to be
           | diabetic than the thinner ones.
        
         | patorjk wrote:
         | This kind of stat is misleading and is seen in many health
         | metrics - blood pressure, cholesterol, etc. In fact, it's
         | sometimes known as the "cholesterol paradox" because people
         | with higher cholesterol have a lower risk of dying. However,
         | it's misleading because blood pressure, weight, and cholesterol
         | often come down as people suffer from chronic disease or
         | malnutrition. The chronic diseases people get are often from
         | their weight, blood pressure and cholesterol, and when this is
         | corrected for, the all-cause mortality curves better reflect
         | what a healthy person's numbers should be. So in reality the
         | lowest point of the all-cause mortality curve for BMI is below
         | 25. 25 is not optimal.
         | 
         | Dr. Carvalho recently made a video on this topic (he even
         | mentions the BMI curve). You can watch it here:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4h135SBebc
        
       | hooverd wrote:
       | I wonder if we'll see an increase in other nicotine related
       | issues. It's hearsay from my gen-Z colleagues but apparently
       | there's a bit of a ZYN/snus epidemic.
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | Nicotine might be one of the least harmful things in cigarettes
         | compared to tar, carbon monoxide, benzene, formaldehyde,
         | cadmium, arsenic, etc. Nicotine by itself isn't too different
         | from caffeine.
        
           | llamaimperative wrote:
           | > Nicotine by itself isn't too different from caffeine
           | 
           | Yes it is
           | 
           | You should actually look up the literature. Chronic use is
           | actually harmful in a lot of the same ways that tobacco
           | smoking is. Obviously it's a huge improvement over tobacco
           | use, but it's also a huge downgrade from abstinence as a
           | whole.
        
         | snovymgodym wrote:
         | Nicotine on its own frankly isn't that harmful outside of
         | addiction. Not great for you, but it's orders of magnitude more
         | healthy than being obese.
        
         | k4rli wrote:
         | Zyn barely has any nicotine. In Europe most are 5x stronger but
         | even 10x stronger pads at 50mg/g exist. This is nothing new.
         | E-cig liquids have been as strong for a long time as well.
        
       | flippyhead wrote:
       | Well, this is excellent news. I can start smoking again!
        
       | INTPenis wrote:
       | ...in Australia might be worth adding.
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | People are trying to make being overweight as something
       | acceptable instead of a condition to be treated.
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | majority and all
        
         | BadHumans wrote:
         | "People" is doing some heavy lifting here. There are some
         | fringe people on trying to push that but most people I see are
         | trying to explain that the main problem with obesity is that it
         | is a food supply and class problem.
        
           | dsign wrote:
           | There are also tons and tons of people trying to lose weight,
           | and having an awful time at it :-) . Just three minutes ago I
           | was summarizing 2024 for myself. I did an awful lot of SUP,
           | and tried to lose weight. Results: weight decreased, then
           | increased back when I got into a relationship that included
           | unhealthy habits. I got rid of the factors that worked
           | against my weight control effort and now things are looking
           | up again. But most people in my age are married and with
           | kids, and they are not going to leave or even fight their
           | significant other and the kids over the family's eating
           | habits....
        
             | teaearlgraycold wrote:
             | Gotta set the family eating habits right from the start.
        
           | zer8k wrote:
           | I would not call billboards for clothing featuring morbidly
           | obese people "fringe".
           | 
           | "Fat acceptance" is actually quite popular. It's not fringe.
           | Fringe is being a furry. The entire medical field walks on
           | egg shells because of so called "fatphobia".
        
             | BadHumans wrote:
             | You are going to show me an example because people don't
             | really know what morbidly obese means I've learned.
             | 
             | You also say fringe is being a furry as if there are 10 or
             | 20 furries and not millions of them.
        
           | IncreasePosts wrote:
           | I'm not so sure about that, especially with all the
           | commentary coming out of the Brian Thompson murder.
           | 
           | A lot of people are angry about the fact that the US spends
           | the most on healthcare, but we don't actually live that long
           | - with the implication that healthcare here in the US is a
           | racket just stealing our money and not helping us.
           | 
           | But, why don't we live very long, compared to other people? A
           | big reason is probably how fat we are, and how little we take
           | care of our bodies. The best health care system in the world
           | won't be able to fix you if you've ignored doctors orders to
           | lose weight for 30 years and then have some health issues
           | associated with that.
           | 
           | So, while people aren't explicitly saying "being fat is
           | great", they are implicitly saying it, by pointing to
           | something other than our own lifestyle choices as to the
           | reason why we have bad health outcomes relative to the amount
           | we spend on healthcare.
        
         | teaearlgraycold wrote:
         | People are trying to remove middle-school grade social behavior
         | against people that are overweight. When I see someone that's
         | overweight I should simply see a person. Their doctor and loved
         | ones should highlight the issue because they want them to live
         | better. But if they're a stranger, coworker, or anything but a
         | close friend it's not appropriate for someone to step in and
         | start commenting. They shouldn't even think about that.
         | 
         | Not to mention that people confuse health standards and beauty
         | standards. Being a little rounded is of no health risk. And you
         | can be very overweight (like a sumo wrestler) and very fit at
         | the same time if you are both exercising and eating in excess.
        
           | psunavy03 wrote:
           | Pretty sure the long-term effects of sumo wrestling are not
           | great for the wrestlers any more than they are for offensive
           | linemen in American football.
        
             | teaearlgraycold wrote:
             | Sure. But the point is there are some fat people that can
             | do things your average skinny office worker never has. I've
             | seen chubby guys cycling up mountains in the Bay Area like
             | they do it every week.
             | 
             | There's an interesting article I read a while back where a
             | woman (who was heavy in part due to muscle mass but also
             | body fat) went to a personal trainer to improve her cycling
             | performance. She had just cycled from SF to LA. Even though
             | the trainer was a professional, certified and likely had a
             | degree, he could not mentally shift from the idea that she
             | was there just to lose weight.
             | 
             | To be fair, carrying less weight will make your cycling
             | performance improve. But from what I recall he was running
             | it like a weight loss program and assumed she'd never been
             | in a gym before. She had filled out a form with all of her
             | exercise history and goals. I would have expected him to
             | work up her back squat, weighted lunges, etc. At least as
             | part of the program.
        
               | deadbabe wrote:
               | It doesn't matter if some fat people are active, the fat
               | is still hurting their bodies. How are their knees doing?
               | How is the stress on their heart? Their arteries? When
               | was the last time they could even stand with their arms
               | hanging down straight at their sides instead of pushed
               | out perpetually at an angle?
               | 
               | When you're fat for a long time, you forget what it's
               | like to be light weight, you forget how easy everything
               | feels. Being fat is like walking around with a two 25
               | pound dumbbells strapped to your body everywhere you go.
               | My fatter friends complain when we go to a dense concert
               | or festival and I can just turn sideways to slip easily
               | through crowds, leaving them behind. Trivial things like
               | this is what you forget when your body has become too
               | large.
        
           | Uvix wrote:
           | Not to mention that said middle-school grade social behavior,
           | if anything, will only make the problem worse.
        
             | teaearlgraycold wrote:
             | Depends on the culture. I'm told that in Japan the shaming
             | works. There you will get scolded by your boss for being
             | overweight. There's a law that explicitly brings weight-
             | shaming into the workplace.
             | 
             | Not that I think it's the ideal. But it supposedly did
             | cause a reduction in BMI. And many of those called out said
             | they appreciated the pressure.
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | The problem is that there is no behavioral solution that ever
         | has been empirically proven to work across a broad population,
         | over a long term.
         | 
         | And while "just eat less" has an intuitive appeal as a
         | treatment strategy, alas, it's been shown again and again to be
         | a dead end in practice, much as "just don't spend money" or
         | "just do less heroin" don't seem be effective treatments for
         | poverty or addiction. It is sometimes difficult to get over the
         | bias that what seems intuitively effective in theory is not
         | actually so in practice. But, as we're evidence-driven people,
         | we need to look elsewhere.
         | 
         | Surgical interventions, and GLP-1 receptor antagonists work,
         | but they are expensive and there is limited access to them at
         | present.
         | 
         | So, as of today while I agree that it is a condition to be
         | treated, there are no effective treatment options _for a
         | population_ , which is the scope of what this article is
         | talking about. Thus the situation we're in.
        
       | UweSchmidt wrote:
       | It appears that sentiments that downplay or dispute the health
       | risks are growing in large social media bubbles, with strong
       | effects on the real world. Efforts to push back on serving
       | unhealthy food are undermined, doctors discouraged from
       | discussing weight with their patients as a personal and sensitive
       | issue; overweight models validate unhealthy body compositions.
       | This surely has to please the food industry, which is as culpable
       | as the tobacco industry in harming peoples health.
       | 
       | I would propose a concerted effort through mandatory levels of
       | food quality that is served to the public (e.g. schools,
       | hospitals), funded by a higher tax on sugary atrocities, limits
       | on sale of sugary food and drinks to children, and an outright
       | ban on any substance designed to create cravings.
        
         | voisin wrote:
         | Rather than a tax on sugary food how about we cut subsidies
         | that make simple carbs artificially cheap?
        
           | bumby wrote:
           | I believe the "artificially cheap simple carbs" is a
           | secondary effect, with the primary effect of making corn
           | cheap due to national security reasons. So before removing
           | the subsidies, you'd want to have a plan for managing that
           | risk.
        
             | slothtrop wrote:
             | The subsidies predate the "great grain robbery" where
             | farmers sold large stockpiles to the Russians, which helped
             | Nixon secure election victory. Before that, as part of the
             | New Deal, was the Agricultural Adjustment Act which
             | literally paid farmers to destroy livestock and not use
             | land in order to boost prices for farmers. Strictly
             | speaking, I don't think this was a case of national
             | security.
             | 
             | Today it's just a case of entrenched interests: large key
             | midwestern farmers would stand to lose money, whether you
             | have a tax or reduce subsidies. They stand to gain more by
             | not mitigating obesity rates.
             | 
             | Mind you they could diversify away from corn. If consumers
             | eat whole grains or meat instead of sugar, that's still
             | money for farmers. But it would entail growing pains.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | I think tradition is certainly part of it, but I think
               | that take misses some important nuances. A few:
               | 
               | - agriculture isn't necessarily fungible. Land that is
               | used for one product isn't immediately capable of being
               | used for another, or at the same value (monetarily or
               | calorically)
               | 
               | - A large part of corn production is used for feedstock.
               | That means there would be systemic issues in the
               | production of meat if it had major disruptions. That's
               | another reason why you can't just swap corn for meat
               | production.
               | 
               | - subsidies sometimes trade efficiency for stability.
               | This isn't always a bad thing. A volatile market can make
               | farmers lose their hat. A significant amount of farmers
               | are generational, meaning there aren't a lot of people
               | starting out unless they grew up farming.
               | 
               | - corn isn't just about food. Part of the national
               | security element is fuel (ethanol). Again, recognizing
               | the inefficiencies, this is more about stability. Other
               | agricultural products can be used for fuel (e.g.,
               | soybeans for diesel) but the distribution of fuel needs
               | and agricultural capacity is not in their favor.
               | 
               | - I'd put this in the "tradition" bucket but there are
               | political concerns. Politicians have to place nice with
               | places like Iowa because of how political primaries are
               | structured.
        
               | slothtrop wrote:
               | > agriculture isn't necessarily fungible. Land that is
               | used for one product isn't immediately capable of being
               | used for another
               | 
               | Key word being "immediately". That's right, but
               | substitutions do exist. Hence, growing pains.
               | 
               | > A large part of corn production is used for feedstock.
               | That means there would be systemic issues in the
               | production of meat if it had major disruptions. That's
               | another reason why you can't just swap corn for meat
               | production.
               | 
               | Globally, soybeans are more often used, and these can
               | (and do) grow in the US. Notwithstanding, you can just
               | keep growing corn without subsidy - meat prices would go
               | up. That could be politically contentious, but less total
               | meat consumption could lead to better health outcomes.
               | 
               | > subsidies sometimes trade efficiency for stability
               | 
               | Leaving aside the question of balance, pros and cons:
               | 
               | Farmer stability is not inherently contingent on corn
               | subsidy. Even if we wanted to keep subsidies as a
               | constant, you can subsidize something else.
               | 
               | > part of the national security element is fuel (ethanol)
               | 
               | This doesn't require subsidy. The US produces more than
               | half of the world's ethanol fuel. Notwithstanding that,
               | fossil fuel extraction has also grown through fracking. I
               | don't see the security angle at all.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | I think we disagree that soil is fungible for growing
               | crops. Even if I were to steelman your stance, it still
               | requires considerable inputs to do so. All of this ends
               | up making food cost more.
               | 
               | Similarly, I think making HFCS more expensive isn't
               | likely to make foods less calorically dense. What it will
               | do is make them more expensive as manufacturers put use
               | more expensive alternatives.
               | 
               | I do think your ethanol stance is a circular argument.
               | The US produces a lot of ethanol because of the
               | subsidies, so it doesn't make sense to point to that
               | production level as a reason to get rid of subsidies.
               | Fracking is a good counterpoint, but also a politically
               | contentious one if your stance is that the US should ramp
               | up fracking to offset agricultural subsidies.
               | 
               | I certainly agree that subsidies have inertia that's hard
               | to overcome. (My favorite example is the alpaca subsidy
               | that was implemented for warm-weather clothing for the
               | Korean War that stayed on the books until the 1990s). I
               | also agree they need to be tailored to the current
               | environment.
               | 
               | The bulk of your point seems to be we can get rid of
               | subsidies in exchange for higher and less stable food
               | prices. Historically, our food is quite cheap today but I
               | find the idea that the proposed solution to obesity is to
               | make food more expensive not very palatable (ha). I
               | personally don't think that is a good tradeoff because my
               | position is it's calories and not HFCS that is the
               | largest contributor to the obesity problem. My OP was not
               | saying "keep subsidies" but rather "be aware of the
               | systemic effects of getting rid of subsidies". I think
               | there are lots of arguments to get rid of corn subsidies,
               | but I find the obesity one pretty weak. So the simple
               | solution of "just get rid of subsidies" will create all
               | these negative consequences that need to be managed for
               | something that isn't likely to move the needle much on
               | obesity. That doesn't seem like a great tradeoff and I'd
               | label it as one of those simple solutions that sounds
               | great as a sound byte but isn't particularly pragmatic.
               | Going back to the original point, if your goal is to make
               | food more expensive to curb obesity, there are probably
               | more straightforward and effective ways of doing so that
               | don't have all those additional factors.
               | 
               | The only way that take makes sense to me is if you think
               | there is something unique about HFCS that leads to
               | obesity compared to other sweeteners when controlled for
               | calories. I don't think the science supports this.
        
               | slothtrop wrote:
               | > I think we disagree that soil is fungible for growing
               | crops. Even if I were to steelman your stance, it still
               | requires considerable inputs to do so. All of this ends
               | up making food cost more.
               | 
               | To transition, yes. This is an upfront cost that can be
               | alleviated, food does not need to cost more after-the-
               | fact. Trump haphazardly paid off farmers in his previous
               | tenure, it happens.
               | 
               | > Similarly, I think making HFCS more expensive isn't
               | likely to make foods less calorically dense. What it will
               | do is make them more expensive as manufacturers put use
               | more expensive alternatives.
               | 
               | That is the point, I think. Those particular foods are
               | calorie-dense.
               | 
               | > so it doesn't make sense to point to that production
               | level as a reason to get rid of subsidies.
               | 
               | Unless you think production levels would fall to pathetic
               | levels on the global stage, and that this production-
               | level is essential, I don't see why not.
               | 
               | > I find the idea that the proposed solution to obesity
               | is to make food more expensive not very palatable (ha).
               | 
               | Specific foods, to be clear. Packaged products with added
               | sugar would be affected. Meat does not have to be if the
               | new policies account for it.
               | 
               | > it's calories and not HFCS that is the largest
               | contributor to the obesity problem
               | 
               | non-satiating (nil fiber + protein) caloric-dense foods
               | facilitate higher calorie consumption. Sugar is not the
               | only vehicle for this, but it's part of the equation.
               | Sugary drinks deliver lots of calories for very little
               | satiety, for example. Other vectors are flour + fat +
               | salt, fried foods.
               | 
               | I agree that "just get rid of subsidies" can be overly
               | simplistic, but it belongs in the conversation. The point
               | is that cheap and highly-available highly-promoted junk
               | food creates a perverse incentive for consumers to eat
               | more of it at the expense of their health. It's
               | everywhere, including school cafeterias.
               | 
               | Any large-scale national solution invariably entails some
               | kind of deterrence. Either junk food costs more, or is
               | less available, or healthier alternatives are actively
               | promoted and cheaper ($$$, I would throw education in
               | this category too). Pick your poison.
               | 
               | Ostensibly, cutting spending would be more popular with
               | voters in general than increasing taxes and spending.
               | Also, falling tobacco smoking rates are a major success
               | story which can be attributed primarily to sin tax (high
               | prices), eliminating advertisement, and educating the
               | masses.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | > _Unless you think production levels would fall to
               | pathetic levels on the global stage, and that this
               | production-level is essential, I don 't see why not._
               | 
               | A few reasons: 1) again, it's partly a national security
               | issue. Under crisis, "global supply" is a concern; just
               | ask Germany after trying to turn away from Russian fuel
               | supply 2) Infrastructure has a relatively large lead
               | time; we can't just ramp up production on a whim. 3) It's
               | odd that you point to global supply as the rationale
               | while simultaneously advocating the largest global
               | supplier severely reduce production. Again, that feels
               | like circular logic. Ie "The US doesn't need to produce
               | ethanol because the world has so much ethanol
               | production." No, the world has so much ethanol production
               | because the US produces a disproportionate amount. Remove
               | the latter and the argument doesn't hold.
               | 
               | I don't think we disagree that making food more expensive
               | can change eating habits. I think we disagree on the most
               | effective vehicle for that.
               | 
               | Look at it this way: we both seem to agree that calories
               | are the problem. Your argument hinges on sweeteners being
               | a proxy for calories, and HFCS being a proxy for
               | sweeteners, and agricultural corn being a proxy for HFCS.
               | You're targeting something that is three levels of
               | abstraction away from what you actually care about. My
               | position is that it makes more sense to target what
               | you're actually after: calories.
               | 
               | If your stance is getting rid of corn subsidies is
               | administratively simple compared to targeting calories, I
               | think I disagree mainly because of the administrative
               | burden of all the other effects we've discussed.
               | 
               | I don't disagree that deterrence is part of an overall
               | strategy. I'm simply pointing out that one should be wary
               | of the tradeoffs. Policy is about prioritizing, and IMO
               | there are likely more pragmatic approaches with less
               | tradeoffs that need to be managed.
        
               | jermaustin1 wrote:
               | Most corn is actually farmed for meat production (beef,
               | pork, and poultry) not human consumption. I doubt the
               | farmer cares if their corn goes to a human or a cow, so
               | long as they get the best price, and uncle sam fills in
               | the rest.
        
         | edflsafoiewq wrote:
         | The causality seems more likely to go the other way to me.
        
           | llamaimperative wrote:
           | For almost any problem people care about enough to discuss on
           | a forum like this, it's a fools errand to try to determine
           | "which" way causality goes. It goes both ways. You can't
           | isolate the cause. It's a feedback loop which is what makes
           | it persistent and hard to solve and ergo worth discussing on
           | a forum.
        
         | nerdjon wrote:
         | There is a middle ground, and I agree that there are some
         | people that have gone too far.
         | 
         | I think body positivity, validating those choices with models
         | that represent more people is a good thing. As a society we
         | should not be judging someone for their choices or making
         | medical claims about their bodies when we don't know their
         | story.
         | 
         | But I also see the extremes of just ignoring it, not even
         | wanting your doctor to talk about it. (I do realize that there
         | are some exceptions to this like when it comes to eating
         | disorders) I don't understand this. I want my doctor to tell me
         | everything, hell I will overshare in the hopes that something
         | is a thing that needs to be addressed.
         | 
         | I have also personally seen a subset of people that push back
         | on anyone wanting to loose weight. I have lost about 45 lbs
         | over the last year (still not at my target weight but I am very
         | close, about 5-10 lbs off so really not stressing and for
         | context I am 6'5). A friend I have not seen in a while recently
         | gave me a hug, commented that I was loosing weight and asked me
         | "Why". I was put off by it, because why is that even a
         | question? You would get mad if I asked why you were gaining
         | weight.
         | 
         | My point here, there is a middle ground and there is a right
         | and wrong place to address this. Society shaming someone isn't
         | the right choice and ignores that we don't know what is really
         | going on with someone.
        
           | throwaway756544 wrote:
           | > I think body positivity, validating those choices with
           | models that represent more people is a good thing. As a
           | society we should not be judging someone for their choices or
           | making medical claims about their bodies when we don't know
           | their story.
           | 
           | I'm slightly overweight and an ex-smoker. For years, nothing
           | seemed to help me quit--high taxes, indoor smoking bans,
           | health risks, and so on didn't diminish my desire to smoke. I
           | tried quitting a few times for financial and health reasons,
           | but it never stuck.
           | 
           | What ultimately got me to quit was social stigma, especially
           | after having kids. The stigma around smoking has grown over
           | the years, but it reaches another level when you become a
           | parent. Other parents didn't hesitate to judge me for
           | smoking, and I realized there was no way my kids wouldn't
           | face social consequences because of my habit. That was the
           | push I needed to quit.
           | 
           | I do believe it's wrong to judge people for their choices,
           | but at the same time, I sometimes wonder if we're going too
           | far with body positivity. I don't have all the answers, but
           | I'm grateful for the stigma surrounding smoking--it helped me
           | make a positive change.
        
             | didibus wrote:
             | I know a few people who lost weight and got super fit out
             | of body positivity movements.
             | 
             | In general, the body positivity movement I've seen is about
             | respect, encouragement, and support. It's not about
             | encouraging bad habits, but being inviting to those who
             | feel ashamed and would normally avoid going to the gym, a
             | dance class, or to ask advice about healthy eating, etc.
        
           | UweSchmidt wrote:
           | As usual it comes down to the increasing individualism, that
           | rejects any overarching societal guidance in favour of
           | judgement-free self-expression ("body positivity"). This
           | removes any collective bargaining or collective action (some
           | of which I proposed in my parent comment) and exposes the
           | individual to systemic risks (food industry making people
           | fat, medical industry giving them a pill to feel better),
           | unless the individual is equipped with enough of Bourdieu's
           | social capital to navigate the pervasive health risks of the
           | modern food supply. Allowing this minefield in place is also
           | a convenient way to maintain class, leaving the unwashed
           | masses hampered by health issues (like diabetes), reduced
           | cognitive function and less attractiveness.
        
           | didibus wrote:
           | > not even wanting your doctor to talk about it
           | 
           | There's been a lot of misdiagnosis due to doctors just
           | thinking it's a weight issue. I think that's one of the
           | reason people have an issue with doctor's handling of weight.
           | 
           | The other area is that it often ignores that the patient is
           | already actively aware, and trying to combat their weight
           | gain. The doctors are not being helpful by just stating the
           | obvious.
           | 
           | Lastly, many doctors are kind of outdated in their knowledge,
           | they'll recommend old diets that are not as effective
           | anymore, or they won't encourage exercise, just diet, or they
           | won't consider family history, and so on.
           | 
           | In those cases, your "doctor bringing it up" can actually
           | just lead to more weight gain, because it can create
           | increased cortisol level from stress and worries, make you
           | more depressed, and so on, which won't help you lose weight.
        
         | monero-xmr wrote:
         | I have told plenty of friends and family that they are fat
         | gross slobs and need to lose weight, and that is the cause of
         | many of their non-specific maladies that doctors can't seem to
         | pinpoint. Sometimes you need to sit someone down and level with
         | them, I'm not going to pretend.
        
           | llamaimperative wrote:
           | > I have told plenty of friends and family that they are fat
           | gross slobs and need to lose weight, and that is the cause of
           | many of their non-specific maladies that doctors can't seem
           | to pinpoint. Sometimes you need to sit someone down and level
           | with them, I'm not going to pretend.
           | 
           | Key question: are they cured now after you were a jerk? What
           | was the ROI on relationship damage per pound lost?
        
             | monero-xmr wrote:
             | It's fine because when I say this it's because the context
             | of the conversation has been set that I'm going to tell
             | them hard truths
        
               | llamaimperative wrote:
               | You avoided the actual question: did it work?
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | Some people may need to be told that, much like some
           | alcoholics are in denial about their condition. But many
           | other fat people _know_ they have a problem, are trying to
           | solve it, and are struggling because it 's incredibly
           | difficult to overhaul your lifestyle (even with help and
           | resources). While telling the first group of fat people "hard
           | truths" might be what they need, it will simply demoralize
           | the second group and might get them to stop trying. It's not
           | as simple as you're painting it.
        
         | shin_lao wrote:
         | Tax won't solve anything - just make it socially unacceptable
         | to be obese.
        
           | llamaimperative wrote:
           | Interesting because Pigouvian taxes have a long and storied
           | history of being extremely effective while your proposed
           | solution has... zero evidence of effectiveness?
           | 
           | Feel free to provide it though.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | It already is. If you are obese, you:
           | 
           | * Can't get clothes that fit you
           | 
           | * Are uncomfortable on public transit, in public places like
           | theaters, etc as the seats are designed for someone much
           | smaller than you
           | 
           | * Can't get into relationships
           | 
           | * Get social feedback ranging from well meaning (but still
           | embarrassing) to downright cruel on a regular basis
           | 
           | In discussions like this, someone _always_ says  "the
           | solution is to shame people" as if it's some kind of picnic
           | to be fat. It's not - it's _fucking miserable_. And even with
           | all that people are still having a hard time taking control
           | of their lifestyle. Shaming people even harder isn 't going
           | to accomplish a thing.
        
           | yamazakiwi wrote:
           | I don't know about you but I'm paid to sit in a chair for 12
           | hours a day.
        
           | didibus wrote:
           | America got fat from a culture of fat shaming. So like, we
           | know that doesn't work. Or at least this is not how I see the
           | cause/effect.
           | 
           | To me, it appears that being fat was unacceptable and
           | shameful culturally, but everyone still got fat, and insanely
           | fat even. And once so many people were fat, they started to
           | campaign against the fat shaming.
           | 
           | So fat shaming could actually be seen as having caused the
           | issue.
           | 
           | I think being able to openly talk about the difficulty,
           | challenges, and struggles of weight gain/loss, recognizes the
           | people's struggle, encouraging weight loss, promoting methods
           | and mechanisms, etc. might be more effective.
           | 
           | From the research I've seen, this is also supported by it.
           | Fat shaming can cause increased stress and cortisol levels,
           | emotional eating, avoidance of exercise (especially in
           | public), depression and anxiety, and avoiding medical care
           | due to fear of judgment. Which all in-turn contributes to
           | weight gain.
        
         | didibus wrote:
         | I still feel like the root causes are not well known. Blaming
         | sugar is the current trend, but this article talks about
         | weight, American have a fat heavy diet as well, which is very
         | high in calories. Sure, cutting our sugar helps you lose
         | weight, but did sugar cause you to eat all those calories or
         | was it fried food? Who knows?
         | 
         | Then there are processed foods, is that actually the culprit?
         | Or is it really sugar?
         | 
         | Then some things are confusing, someone else linked to a study
         | that showed that "lowest All-cause mortality is at a BMI of
         | 25". Well that's verging on overweight, so people with
         | "healthier" BMI have higher rates of death, weird.
         | 
         | A few days ago a study showed that sugar intake from pastries,
         | ice creams, chocolate and candy reduced your risks of 7
         | cardiovascular diseases. What's going on?
         | 
         | I say that as someone that's normal weight. I can understand
         | some counter-reaction being wishful thinking, or part of body
         | positivity movements, but objectively when I look at what we
         | know, it's still quite fuzzy.
         | 
         | Having said that, I would not mind over-enforcing in this case.
         | I'd love it for portion sizes to be smaller, for processed
         | foods to be phased out, for sugar content to be lowered in
         | packaged and restaurant products, for deep fried foods to be
         | less common, etc. And ideally, for what we do know is healthy,
         | vegetables, fruits, lean meats, fish, poultry, often the least
         | refined as possible, to be both accessible, convenient and
         | cheap.
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | Nicotine helps control weight so it also makes sense that as we
       | smoke less we'll gain (even) more weight.
        
         | hoppyhoppy2 wrote:
         | The headline refers only to tobacco smoking, not vaping,
         | patches, etc. I wonder how overall nicotine use (from all
         | sources) looks
        
         | Liquix wrote:
         | it may also help that tobacco-free nicotine products (vaping,
         | pouches) are gaining popularity vs. more traditional and deadly
         | administration routes (cigarettes). of course there are myriad
         | cons and unknowns resulting from any nicotine habit, but cancer
         | trending down is always good to see.
        
         | grantseltzer wrote:
         | Excellent analysis and deduction!
        
       | naming_the_user wrote:
       | Sometimes I read this stuff and think I live in the most
       | ridiculous bubble.
       | 
       | It's bizarre to me that people don't look after their health.
       | 
       | I wake up and I'm like, right, there are three tracks - financial
       | (go to work, develop career, run business, do admin, whatever),
       | physical (exercise, keep relatively fit, don't eat 4000 cal a day
       | unless bulking), social (don't just sit at home all day and
       | become a gremlin). There are others but that's the main.
       | 
       | I don't spend equal amounts of time on them but they're all
       | there.
       | 
       | It seems to me that apparently other people don't think of it
       | this way. They just sort of wake up and do whatever on autopilot
       | and go to sleep and whatever happens to them happens. What's that
       | all about?
        
         | asdasdsddd wrote:
         | We live in a bubble, the average american spends 2hrs a week
         | with friends
        
         | moduspol wrote:
         | I agree. I think you do live in the most ridiculous bubble.
        
         | vile_wretch wrote:
         | You definitely live in a bubble but it isn't the kind you think
         | it is
        
         | whtsthmttrmn wrote:
         | Addiction, depression, it's a cycle. Something happens that
         | causes depression, eating gives some feel good chemicals and
         | being a sloth is to avoid potential disappointment.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | I don't think it's that complicated. When one side of that
         | triangle ends up consuming too much of your time and attention,
         | the other two suffer.
        
         | amonon wrote:
         | Many people are on autopilot. They have not been taught to be
         | intentional about the day to day fundamentals of their lives.
         | For the most part, I think that used to be achieved through
         | social contact which has substantially diminished in the past
         | few decades.
        
         | swatcoder wrote:
         | > What's that all about?
         | 
         | People learn _what_ to care about and _how_ to care about those
         | things from others, with the most impact coming when they 're
         | young.
         | 
         | Many of today's parents already missed the boat on learning
         | self-care, and don't even have the insights to share with their
         | own children, who become even more detached from it.
         | 
         | They don't know how to cook food that isn't either prepackaged
         | or some ornate gourmet meal that takes lots of work, they don't
         | know how to eat for their health in a way that's satisfying,
         | they don't know how much to eat, they don't know what it means
         | to be active throughout the day, they don't know how to rest
         | without constant stimulation so that they're emotionally and
         | physically refreshed, etc etc
         | 
         | We can point them towards some study or a bit of blogspam that
         | asserts some narrow claim about what's optimal, but that's not
         | the way that most people learn self-care and never has been. So
         | they mostly keep doing what was _actually_ taught to them,
         | which tends to bias strongly towards sedentariness,
         | overstimulation, and indulgence these days.
        
           | ruined wrote:
           | and of course, school plays a large part. most of the school
           | experience involves sitting very still, and the cafeteria
           | menu is selected more for cost than anything.
        
             | bluefirebrand wrote:
             | A large part of workplace experiences also involves sitting
             | still and being sedentary these days too
        
               | whtsthmttrmn wrote:
               | Combined with frequent treats brought in by coworkers (a
               | colleague of mine likes to bring in breakfast bagels from
               | McD for my small team...hard to resist lmao)
        
           | paul7986 wrote:
           | I do wonder how much influence your parents have on you
           | living a more sedintary lifestyle in life. My father was
           | sedintary his whole life (later in life he broke his hips
           | numerous times) while my mom was a Jane Fonda zealot and much
           | older now is still active. Both my sister and I have followed
           | in my mom's footsteps tho myself much more due to my
           | lifestyle and who/type I want to attract for partners. I use
           | chatGPT to count my daily calories, exercise daily and gym
           | visits two or three times a week.
        
         | ThrowawayTestr wrote:
         | Bro, have you tasted food before?
        
         | hnpolicestate wrote:
         | I've developed a drug habit over the past year. I'm not
         | overweight at all but, I assume people's mental health leads
         | them to neglect and abuse the body for quick dopamine hits.
         | Baconator with a large coke would immediately improve my mood
         | but then make me feel miserable after.
        
         | grnoeianoreae wrote:
         | >It's bizarre to me that people don't look after their health.
         | 
         | I'm 39 years old. Once my obligations in life are done, I'm
         | putting a bullet through my brain. Probably just another 10
         | years or so this point.
         | 
         | It's of benefit to look after my own health but at the same
         | time, why? By the time my poor life choices start catching up
         | to me, it will be time to go anyways. If my health deteriorates
         | before then, then I'll just shoot myself in the head sooner
         | rather then later.
         | 
         | To me I'd rather enjoy what little time I have left indulging
         | into a little hedonism then trying to plan for a future that
         | doesn't exist.
        
           | psunavy03 wrote:
           | You need to see a professional, frankly. That is not a
           | healthy outlook.
        
           | stnmtn wrote:
           | Have considered the possibility that you might enjoy the
           | moment right now more if you take care of your body by
           | exercising and eating well?
        
           | bbor wrote:
           | The future holds an unknowable amount of discovery and joy,
           | for both you and your children to find together; however
           | bleak it may seem, I hope it's not out of line to say that
           | there's one internet stranger rooting for you to see the
           | light behind the trees. Personally, my life goal is to visit
           | the moon. Why? Because fuck it, that's why. A slightly-more-
           | sustainable, useful, and poetic goal than Everest, I suppose.
           | 
           | If you're gonna die anyway, why not make a mark on the world,
           | do your weird personal thing that only you could do? You
           | might not have a statue like Ozymandias, but in my humble,
           | naive, and young (27) opinion, chances are likely that you'll
           | be glad you did.
           | 
           | https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/46565/ozymandias
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | You don't say so, but I'm guessing you're on the younger side.
         | Mere speculation on my part, for the sake of argument. Most
         | people who die of weight-related issues are quite a bit older,
         | so put that in your mental model, along with this: Many things
         | which seem simple and obvious at one point in life become hard
         | and frustrating later on--and vice versa.
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | Schools don't teach this stuff and many people just don't know.
         | In a school you automatically get the physical and social
         | aspects (PE classes and forced collaborative projects, with a
         | timetable you had no say in) but after graduation a lot of
         | people didn't know they needed to expend effort to keep doing
         | it. The first year I was working I didn't know I needed to
         | actively exercise, or actively seek out social activities
         | beyond just immediate colleagues.
         | 
         | Fortunately I fixed that early in my career. I'm sure plenty of
         | others still haven't.
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | I don't think you're really acting intentionally: it's more
         | likely that you agree with your autopilot. My reason for saying
         | that is that there are a lot of medications with behavorial
         | side effects (weight gain, increased risk taking) that would
         | change those parameters for just about anyone. If you were
         | constantly hungry, you would eat, it's as simple as that.
        
           | naming_the_user wrote:
           | I have what feels like a continuously self correcting
           | mechanism running in my brain. Like yeah, I might have a week
           | or two or something of lounging, just punching the clock, but
           | then every now and then I'll assess my goals and how they are
           | going.
           | 
           | The question I suppose is whether having a goal driven
           | mindset is down to free will or not. If a large number of
           | people are doomed to not have that I think that's really sad.
        
         | elric wrote:
         | My initial reaction is that yes, you do seem to be living in a
         | very strange bubble. And, I say this out of curiousity rather
         | than malice, I wonder whether you struggle with empathy?
         | 
         | There are any number of reasons why people can't consciously
         | prioritise those things. Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs comes to
         | mind.
        
           | naming_the_user wrote:
           | No malice taken, I do struggle with empathy, yes. To me a lot
           | of people seem to just make unforced errors.
           | 
           | There's like, someone who stands on a landmine and can't go
           | to work, or someone who has a chronic condition that makes
           | them feel nauseous all the time, etc.
           | 
           | That doesn't explain 40% of a country being obese whilst the
           | other 60% isn't, though.
        
             | llamaimperative wrote:
             | What was your upbringing like? What part of the world,
             | what'd your parents do for work?
        
               | naming_the_user wrote:
               | I grew up in the UK. We have approx 30% obesity rates so
               | less than the US but still pretty crazy.
               | 
               | Single parent who worked (and still does work) low paid
               | manual labour style jobs. Same with the estranged parent
               | who was around for a while.
               | 
               | I dunno. People talk about being a surroundings thing.
               | But then the way it has worked for me and my siblings is
               | that for the most part we've looked at the ways in which
               | our own parents failed and tried to improve on that.
               | 
               | For what it's worth we ate a lot of "crap" food growing
               | up but just portion controlled it reasonably I guess?
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | > They just sort of wake up and do whatever on autopilot and go
         | to sleep and whatever happens to them happens. What's that all
         | about?
         | 
         | I absolutely agree, and commend your focus on understanding
         | over condemnation. Despite all the justifiably condescending
         | responses to your post, you have the right attitude towards
         | truth.
         | 
         | My simple answer is that humans do not possess truly persistent
         | (much less consistent!) consciousness, and that the concepts of
         | "vice" and "virtue" are nothing more than imperfect social
         | tools. Of course we can't abandon them altogether, but the
         | questions _" Where does gluttony end and eating disorders
         | begin?"_ and _" Where does laziness end and ADHD begin?"_ are
         | in the midst of reshaping some very fundamental assumptions in
         | our society, IMHO. The related question _" Where does self-
         | pity/envy end and Major Depressive Disorder begin?"_ has seen
         | huge changes over the past 1-2 decades (in some nations), and I
         | believe the former two will follow a similar trajectory.
         | 
         | In other words/TLDR: it's objectively challenging to balance
         | competing priorities, where I mean "objectively" in an
         | empirical, population-observation, sociological sense. Very few
         | people have, like, an intellectual argument for not working
         | out/eating right.
         | 
         | As a somewhat tangential point, I'd say your three tracks
         | aren't the only reasonable way one could organize their life
         | (again, assuming you have the capability to even get to _that_
         | point). For example, I spend a _lot_ of time worrying about
         | politics, society, and my impact therein; otherwise, many
         | people spend most of their time worrying about providing for
         | /guiding/safeguarding their family, and a lot of young people
         | (my past self included!) spend most of their day thinking about
         | the social track in a much more anxious, peer-esteem-related
         | way than you seem to.
         | 
         | None of these are necessarily better or worse than others, but
         | I think it reminds of an important truth: philosophy is not
         | solved. If you feel confident that it has, I encourage you to
         | think back on previous times in your life where you felt the
         | same, only for your whole outlook to change in the intervening
         | years ;)
        
         | TuringNYC wrote:
         | >> It's bizarre to me that people don't look after their
         | health.
         | 
         | The obesity crisis obviously has multiple causative factors.
         | There are plenty of natural experiments suggesting that _some_
         | of these factors are beyond human behavior and more systematic
         | or environmental (e.g., hormones in food, etc) There are
         | probably also societal drivers like overpopulation which leads
         | to sprawl, longer commutes, more sedentary time, greater
         | reliance on cars.
         | 
         | I am not saying people should not hold themselves responsible,
         | but we should not be quick to pin it all on individuals and
         | should look at outsider factors also.
        
         | cm2012 wrote:
         | It's an emotional issue, not intellectual.
        
         | BrandonM wrote:
         | In addition to what others have said, daily demands on time and
         | headspace can be overwhelming. My wife spends over an hour
         | every day managing a chronic health condition. Raising kids
         | well takes a lot of time every day. Some have loved ones with
         | high needs that require care. Many spend 2+ hours commuting
         | daily. Many work multiple jobs. Some spend a lot of time
         | traveling away from home. Serious injuries can disrupt exercise
         | routines and cause vicious cycles. Poor finances makes
         | everything harder. Stress and depression can result from and
         | exacerbate all of this.
         | 
         | Appreciate your health and time and focus and good habits while
         | you can, and may you keep them as long as possible.
        
         | avalys wrote:
         | I don't get why people get addicted to drugs. I just decide not
         | to take drugs, and I have no problems! What's so hard about
         | that?
        
         | bwb wrote:
         | Trauma / anxiety is a possible ingredient; people eat to fill a
         | void. Same as anything that is self-destructive. People try to
         | make themselves feel better and eating does that.
        
           | Yeul wrote:
           | Word. My mother had a pretty bad childhood. Had to take of
           | herself since she was 16. Poverty, kids and a husband with
           | mental issues led her to smoking. When her life was finally
           | completely on the rails she could start to work on her
           | addiction.
           | 
           | I'm convinced that every person with an addiction has a sob
           | story. There are no happy people sleeping under the bridge.
        
         | Clubber wrote:
         | I would say the problem is people are stuck spending most of
         | their time and especially energy on #1 just to make ends meet.
         | Obesity, like drug addiction is a disease of despair, and we
         | have a lot of that in our country. Also, the longer you live,
         | the more beat up you get. Taking care of elderly parents,
         | dealing with shitty bosses, shitty partners, etc. It definitely
         | takes a toll over long periods of time.
         | 
         | I've recently made #2 my top priority due to an eye-opening,
         | but fortunately reversible doctor's visit recently. When the
         | priorities are lopsided as mine were, it takes twice the
         | attention for #2 to get balanced than to maintain the balance.
         | I'm making decent progress though. It will take at least a year
         | to remedy.
        
         | xkbarkar wrote:
         | Heh. This comment sparked some angry commenters but in fact I
         | agree.
         | 
         | Was a single parent with full time job and took evening college
         | classes.
         | 
         | I watched what I ate and went out for a 30 min run whever I
         | could. I also bicycled and did bodyweight excercises in front
         | of the tv in what was my livingroom/bedroom when the kids were
         | put to bed.
         | 
         | This is 30 years ago and I am middle aged now and my stupid
         | menopausal hormones make me gain weight if I so much as look at
         | a croissant. I frequent the gym several times a week anyway.
         | That menobelly covers my once flat stomach but I am still as
         | strong as I was 30 years ago. Even stronger in fact. I rarely
         | see people my age, especially women, at the gym. Thats a shame.
         | You should join. Resistance training is crucial for women my
         | age.
         | 
         | Be angry or offended all you want people. Not taking care of
         | yourself will be yours and yours only to pay.
         | 
         | It starts with the kitchen, we need to watch what we eat. Eat
         | nutritious foods. And we need to move those muscles and get the
         | heartrate up a few times a week.
         | 
         | And this is health we are talking about. Thin and fat free !=
         | healthy
         | 
         | Your body could not care less about political correctness, if
         | you ignore it, it will lead to devastating lifestyle disease
         | and untimely death.
         | 
         | I am shamelessly going to plug Caroline Girvans videos on
         | youtube or her app.
        
           | standardUser wrote:
           | > Be angry or offended all you want people. Not taking care
           | of yourself will be yours and yours only to pay.
           | 
           | That's not what people are reacting to. People are reacting
           | to OP's staggering inability to comprehend the vast range of
           | human experiences.
        
         | SirMaster wrote:
         | It must be a bubble, but it doesn't seem like it to me.
         | 
         | What you write basically describes my outlook on my life as
         | well. I view and act on things very similarly to how you
         | described it. It seems to work very well for me.
        
         | xenospn wrote:
         | I think you're probably mildly autistic since most people think
         | very, very differently than what you're describing.
        
       | declan_roberts wrote:
       | We're probably less than 3 years away from health insurers making
       | GLP-1s free as a cost-saving measure.
        
         | kylehotchkiss wrote:
         | All funds currently diverted towards executive security
         | details. Sorry, GLP-1 denied.
        
         | OptionOfT wrote:
         | I'm just thinking for myself, how much money I save, even
         | though I'm paying out of pocket for ZepBound.
         | 
         | I sleep better, so I gain an hour per day. At that rate my out
         | of pocket per month is still less than my hourly wage.
         | 
         | Not to mention food and shoes (yes, I'm someone who was
         | overweight and hiked 5 miles a day...).
        
       | jaco6 wrote:
       | We need to wake up to the reality that solving the obesity crisis
       | (if it is actually something we want to solve--enough healthy
       | people may be happy with paying double for healthcare) may
       | require measures perceived by modern liberals as authoritarian or
       | cruel.
       | 
       | I think this because measures like what we did with tobacco---
       | public health demonization of junk foods and junk food
       | consumption, banning advertisement of junk food, warning labels
       | on junk food, and high excise taxes on junk food--are unlikely to
       | ever be accepted by the healthy population that has no problem
       | restricting its junk food intake to stay below BMI 30 (60+% of
       | the population). They won't want to pay double for chips just
       | because obese people can't stop themselves from eating two bags
       | instead of one.
       | 
       | The only alternative is to charge the obese population on the
       | back end--when they pay for healthcare. Obese people would be
       | made to pay a health insurance surcharge to compensate for the
       | additional healthcare resources they consume. This measure will
       | be decried as "insensitive" and "cruel."
       | 
       | Alternatively we could do both.
       | 
       | By the way--ozempic et al are unlikely to solve the crisis as
       | some hope. Studies show average long term, sustained weight loss
       | of 10-20 pounds. Good, but not enough to help people who are
       | hundreds of pounds overweight--a sizable portion of the obese
       | population that costs the healthcare system so much.
        
         | honkycat wrote:
         | Doing anything about the obesity epidemic has the same issue as
         | 99% of our problems: People are getting rich off of selling
         | cheap nasty food.
         | 
         | You think a politician is going to go after billion dollar
         | industries? Get real.
         | 
         | It is a class issue, and an issue with the type of food that is
         | "easy" to access for exhausted people with kids, long hours,
         | etc...
        
         | asciimov wrote:
         | A good place to start would be addressing overeating as a
         | symptom not the cause.
        
       | bluSCALE4 wrote:
       | We should be looking at eating poorly as well.
        
       | dbg31415 wrote:
       | Most insurance plans in the US don't cover treatments, drugs, or
       | surgeries that work for weight loss...
       | 
       | Seems like they ought to.
        
       | hnburnsy wrote:
       | Can we expect those Truth commercials to start fat shamming folks
       | since tobacco and e-cigs are no longer a problem?
        
       | andersa wrote:
       | It is _much_ harder to treat a food addiction than a smoking one.
       | 
       | The usual way to do that is to stop smoking entirely and
       | eventually forget about it. You cannot stop eating. Food tastes
       | good. We have infinite food available. The hell are we supposed
       | to do about it?
        
         | unclad5968 wrote:
         | That's just because you consider all food equally. Nobody is
         | out here dying from a vegetable or fruit addiction.
        
           | davzie wrote:
           | Tell that to Steve Jobs!
        
         | qwerty456127 wrote:
         | The same - just stop eating (for some time between a day and a
         | week). I tried (for a week) successfully and that was fun. This
         | way you discover you have power to choose to eat or not to eat,
         | also learn to distract yourself from hunger and forget about it
         | for whatever time you choose to. Switching to keto first,
         | supplementing minerals - helps a lot.
        
         | benatkin wrote:
         | I don't think that's true at all. The reason people are having
         | so much success in not smoking is that a lot of people never
         | started smoking.
         | 
         | Plenty of people have managed their food addictions and still
         | are overweight. That's just the nature of it. If you think
         | everyone who is overweight has an active food addiction, you
         | should probably look into whether that's really true.
        
       | jrochkind1 wrote:
       | So, since smoking can help you lose weight...
        
         | heraldgeezer wrote:
         | Being slim and vaping or snusing might be better than just
         | being fat honestly
        
       | yen223 wrote:
       | > Overweight, including obesity, overtook tobacco use as the
       | leading risk factor in 2024, driven by a substantial fall (41%)
       | in the burden attributable to tobacco use since 2003.
       | 
       | According to the study, it's not so much that more people got
       | fat, it's that fewer people are smoking. A lot of comments here
       | missed this I think.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | It's rarely news when life gets safer and longer and the median
         | person's risk of death falls. :/
         | 
         | Most people mistakenly think that the world is getting worse.
        
         | slothtrop wrote:
         | Mostly yes, though people did get fatter.
        
         | swatcoder wrote:
         | Imagine a chart with two lines spanning the last 50 years. One
         | of those lines was very high at the beginning, and has
         | generally been trending downwards. One of those lines was quite
         | low at the beginning and has rapidly been trending upwards.
         | 
         | The study is suggesting that we've reached a point where these
         | two lines have finally crossed, which we probably could have
         | anticipated coming sooner or later.
         | 
         | That the most salient _recent_ observation is a change to the
         | prevalence of tobacco-attributed disease doesn 't really change
         | what it means for obesity-attributed risk to finally overtake
         | it. That wouldn't have even been fathomable 50 years ago and
         | the trendlines confirm exactly what needs urgent attention now.
        
         | asciimov wrote:
         | And they excluded vaping.
        
       | gorjusborg wrote:
       | I wonder if we'll ever get to a place where we hold food
       | companies accountable for addictive, unheathy food being
       | advertised and sold the way we hold tobacco companies
       | accountable?
       | 
       | I know there is a personal responsibility involved in both, but
       | the situation seems similar.
        
         | LPisGood wrote:
         | Things like soft drink taxes already begin to do that.
        
         | CodeWriter23 wrote:
         | USDA shares the blame for placing Carbohydrates as the primary
         | food source on the food pyramid.
        
           | worik wrote:
           | > USDA shares the blame for placing Carbohydrates as the
           | primary food source on the food pyramid.
           | 
           | I agree, but I have no real evidence, just a feeling.
           | 
           | Is there any evidence?
        
             | CodeWriter23 wrote:
             | None of this is intended to be medical advice. Consult your
             | own practitioner.
             | 
             | This is publicly available, but to understand Dr. Fung's
             | entire thesis on obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (along with
             | his entire destruction of the prevailing mainstream
             | treatment protocols for T2D) in particular, it is necessary
             | to read his book, "The Diabetes Code".
             | 
             | https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2018/bcr-2017-221854
             | 
             | I've been following the protocol from The Diabetes Code for
             | about 2 months. Objectively: 10lbs lost, key metrics are
             | improved, medications deleted and a Type 2/inflammation
             | related vision ailment objectively healing. I guess I need
             | to say, I have no association with this doctor, receive no
             | monetary benefits. Prior to that, working with an
             | endocrinologist, my stats were deteriorating and my
             | symptoms worsening.
        
             | meiraleal wrote:
             | Carbs craving is an evidence, I feel them myself and have
             | much more difficult controlling the amounts of calories I
             | eat when I'm eating more carbs and sugar. One person
             | experience, especially if oneself, is a hard evidence.
        
         | timmg wrote:
         | It seems like, as a society, we're moving more toward "personal
         | freedom" -- which includes "personal responsibility".
         | 
         | Like: we used to ban alcohol, betting and drugs. But we
         | unbanned alcohol and betting and are moving towards
         | decriminalization of drugs.
         | 
         | Not saying one way is right or wrong (I can see arguments on
         | both sides, and I _personally_ prefer having freedom). But it
         | does seem the general trend in (US) society these days.
        
           | ausbah wrote:
           | i think society should allow someone to partake in those
           | activities because like you said personal freedom. but many
           | if not all of those activities can develop into addiction
           | which is a form of disease - so society should also heavily
           | disentivize their usage. taxes, prohibited advertisement, can
           | only get from certain places, etc
        
             | jermaustin1 wrote:
             | I can't wait for the unlicensed Twinkie dispensaries to
             | start sprouting up.
        
           | unclad5968 wrote:
           | Wouldnt that just hurt the people prone to addiction? If I'm
           | not addicted to alcohol and a huge tax is implemented then
           | I'll just stop drinking. If I am addicted my problem has just
           | been exacerbated because my addiction is now more expensive.
           | I guess it might stop people from experimenting to begin
           | with.
        
             | giraffe_lady wrote:
             | It's not a binary thing, addiction is very dynamic,
             | especially alcohol because of its ubiquity in the west.
             | Nearly all alcoholics no matter how bad once had a fairly
             | typical usage pattern, often for many years or decades
             | before something changed and they lost control of it.
             | 
             | Changes to lifestyle, stress, recreation patterns, and
             | access can all be factors in it spiraling out, and once
             | you're there it's hard to gently wind it back. It's
             | difficult to compare directly because a lot of the places
             | with intentionally high taxes on alcohol also have strong
             | public healthcare systems.
             | 
             | But even simple measures like municipal ordinances against
             | selling sub-500ml containers of hard liquor show small but
             | clear results in reducing addiction rates. In any case the
             | consensus among addiction medicine professionals right now
             | seems to be in favor of this sort of "soft restriction"
             | public health policy.
        
           | standardUser wrote:
           | We can have both. We can have broad access to all manor of
           | food and drugs AND we can have strict labelling and
           | advertising standards. We all know the entire concept of
           | market capitalism is based on accurate and available
           | information for marketplace participants, yet we keep letting
           | the dominant participants manipulate the dissemination of
           | information for their own benefit and to the detriment of
           | consumers.
        
         | base698 wrote:
         | Big Tobacco became big food: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/fro
         | ntline/shows/settlement/bi....
         | 
         | When tobacco became problematic they bought all the food
         | companies.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | In Mexico (and many other places) they put big labels on
         | packaged foods that have high sugar content. I spent a month
         | there and I found it really helpful. Of course in the US, any
         | attempts at labelling for the benefit of consumers is fought
         | tooth and nail by the food industry.
        
           | benatkin wrote:
           | I don't think those make a big difference. I've seen them in
           | a lot of memes. They're easy to tune out, and are on a lot of
           | healthy food.
           | 
           | Here's some more info on it
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_labeling_in_Mexico#Labels
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | US nutritional info panels are far easier to tune out, but
             | many people still find them useful. Better to give people
             | information should they want to put extra thought into
             | their diet as opposed to keeping things obscured and making
             | the task that much more difficult. The Wiki article says
             | 10% of people take the labels into consideration. If 5-10
             | million Mexican families eat healthier diets at the cost of
             | simple labels covering some marketing materials, that seems
             | like a fantastic deal for consumers.
        
               | benatkin wrote:
               | It's good to be able to easily access facts about food,
               | yes. It's the warnings that I think are simply OK, they
               | don't help much nor hurt much.
               | 
               | For instance, most people don't need to worry about their
               | dietary sodium, and I think in the US a lot of people
               | could discover tasty food like soups and stir fries and
               | curries that are high in salt and moderate their animal
               | product consumption.
               | https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/dietary-salt-
               | and...
               | 
               | Edit: looking in that article it's good to avoid too much
               | sodium, but a lot of people don't notice that how salty
               | food tastes isn't always directly related to how much
               | sodium is being consumed. Sodium deep inside of food
               | isn't going to be as easy to taste as salt on the
               | surface.
        
       | skirge wrote:
       | Never ending war with happy people.
        
       | kevwill wrote:
       | There is no doubt in my mind that the alcohol consumption is much
       | more of a contributing factor to not only the obesity but also
       | the overall decline in health wellbeing and raise in
       | suicide/depression. Alcohol is socially accepted poison, and I
       | feel its consumption in any amount is significantly worse for the
       | individual than any poor diet/exercise regiment.
        
         | nemomarx wrote:
         | keep in mind alcohol is also poor diet - beer is especially
         | heavy in carbs, very few alcoholic drinks are light really.
         | alcohol is like having an extra side with a meal at least, but
         | people would I think be more aware they were overeating if it
         | was a plate of fries.
        
           | kevwill wrote:
           | Absolutely. There are a lot of people who get a whole extra
           | day of kcal worth of beer in a week. Additionally people who
           | drink a lot pretty much stop eating because they opt for the
           | liquid lunch etc.
        
       | heraldgeezer wrote:
       | Honestly I have a BMI of 23 and feel like I have a "beer belly"
       | 
       | If you are over 25 you just need to loose weight straight up
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | There are a lot of people who are "skinny fat": normal BMI but
         | low skeletal muscle mass. This puts them at greater risk of
         | sarcopenia and metabolic conditions as they age.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | BMI is a great tool for a population. It's often not very
         | useful for an individual.
         | 
         | A BMI of 23 is a 5' 10" man who is 160 lbs. It doesn't say
         | anything about body composition.
        
       | heraldgeezer wrote:
       | Honestly, fasting feels great and I just need that reminder that
       | it does.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | I found the ABC (oz) news reporting a bit deficient on this.
       | Leading disease risk factor doesn't have to mean its rising, it
       | can be that smoking has fallen and now, people who would have
       | died of COPD and Cancer caused by smoking die of COPD and
       | different cancers, caused by morbid obesity.
       | 
       | Its probably just me but I found the language around absolutes
       | and relatives a bit flakey. The overall population is rising so
       | absolutes trend upward but leading goes to relatives, and so the
       | rate of increase against population increase is material.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-12-11 23:01 UTC)