[HN Gopher] 2M MPH galaxy smash-up seen in unprecedented detail
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       2M MPH galaxy smash-up seen in unprecedented detail
        
       Author : wglb
       Score  : 60 points
       Date   : 2024-12-01 03:48 UTC (8 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | gnabgib wrote:
       | Source paper: _WEAVE First Light Observations: Origin and
       | Dynamics of the Shock Front in Stephan's Quintet_
       | https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/535/3/2269/7904663
        
       | captn3m0 wrote:
       | 2M mph ~= 0.5 AU/day
        
         | InvaderFizz wrote:
         | When put in that context, it seems rather slow.
        
           | taberiand wrote:
           | At solar system scale (and bigger), even light is slow.
        
           | troyvit wrote:
           | Even at our solar system's scale it can seem slow. Pluto gets
           | to about 50AU from the sun, but the Oort cloud is between
           | 2,000 and 5,000 AU from the sun. 24 1/2 days until something
           | reaches earth vs almost seven years.
        
           | ajross wrote:
           | Earth orbits at 2pi AU/year by definition, so it's 29x faster
           | than that. In fact it's not even possible for an object bound
           | within the solar system to move that fast, as the radius of
           | an orbit at that speed would (per the back of my envelope) be
           | well inside the sun itself.
        
       | euroderf wrote:
       | 2M mph = 900 kps = three one-thousandths of light speed
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | So, really fast, but not what we would consider relativistic.
         | 
         | That's may be in the range of speed that is most unfamiliar to
         | us. We get speeds up to orbital velocities, in the 10 km/s
         | range, as these are the "fast" objects we know (rockets,
         | meteorites, ...), and then we get to significant fractions of
         | light speed, mostly in the context of communication. But what
         | goes at 900 km/s in our day to day life? Is it a number we see
         | anywhere besides colliding galaxies?
        
           | perihelions wrote:
           | Not really,
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(speed)
           | 
           | 440 km/s-- _" Typical speed of the stepped leader of
           | lightning (cf. return stroke below).[31]"_
           | 
           | 445 km/s-- _" Max velocity of the remaining shell (mass about
           | 0.1 mg) of an inertial confinement fusion capsule driven by
           | the National Ignition Facility for the 'Bigfoot' capsule
           | campaign.[32] Current fastest macroscopic human-made
           | system."_
           | 
           | 1,000 km/s-- _" Typical speed of a Moreton wave across the
           | surface of the Sun."_
        
             | GuB-42 wrote:
             | > 440 km/s--"Typical speed of the stepped leader of
             | lightning (cf. return stroke below).[31]"
             | 
             | Good one, I didn't think about that one. It means that
             | galaxies are travelling lightning fast, literally.
        
           | Trellmor wrote:
           | It's also cosmology, but for what it's worth, the solar
           | system is moving at about 230km/s around the milky way so you
           | could say every one of us is moving at such a number.
        
             | snickerbockers wrote:
             | If you continue down this train of thought you eventually
             | realize that outside of earth, velocity is just a number
             | and all that really matters is the relative velocities of
             | the two. So it's impossible to definitively state which one
             | is moving or if they're both moving and if so how fast each
             | one is moving. And then these sorts of things seem far less
             | impressive.
             | 
             | And then it gets weirder when you consider that galaxies
             | don't actually collide at all because they're so sparse and
             | all that really happens is they pass through each other and
             | maybe they permanently merge or maybe some of the matter in
             | one galaxy joins the other one and they just keep drifting
             | apart in slightly different directions.
        
         | FredPret wrote:
         | c is just crazy fast. But still slow compared to the size of
         | the universe!
        
       | criddell wrote:
       | > As the shock moves through pockets of cold gas, it travels at
       | hypersonic speeds--several times the speed of sound in the
       | intergalactic medium of Stephan's Quintet
       | 
       | What's the speed of sound in space?
        
         | andreareina wrote:
         | https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/162184/what-is-t...
        
           | criddell wrote:
           | From that page, it's very low frequency stuff. One comment
           | mentions 1 cycle per month.
        
       | robertlagrant wrote:
       | This is unambiguous proof that speed limit[0]s don't work.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/einstein/light/cosmic-
       | speed...
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | I wonder how well the local intelligence was ready for that
       | event.
        
         | Tuna-Fish wrote:
         | If there was anyone around, they probably weren't significantly
         | affected.
         | 
         | Galaxy collisions have very little impact on the stars in that
         | galaxy, or the planets around them. Stars are so far apart that
         | the chance of even one direct collision, or a pass so close it
         | would disturb planets around a star, is vanishingly small. Only
         | thing that is impacted is the dust and gas in the interstellar
         | medium.
        
       | songeater wrote:
       | Shouldn't the "sonic boom" here provide good data as to the
       | existence of dark matter (akin to the Bullet cluster)? Anyone on
       | hn with good background care to comment? Don't see anything in
       | the article about it, but would think is one of the most
       | significant experimental goals from detecting these sorts of
       | collisions.
        
         | dotnet00 wrote:
         | My understanding is that, yes, the way matter in a galaxy
         | merger behaves acts as strong evidence for the existence of
         | dark matter and the theory that it's made of something that
         | interacts weakly with normal matter.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | "Collision" is a bit of a misnomer when we talk about galaxies.
       | As large as stars are, the matter in galaxies is still so sparse
       | because stars are so far apart. I saw some maths about the coming
       | collision between the Milky Way and Andromeda and the number of
       | projected collisions is like less than 10 (IIRC).
       | 
       | Now I'm sure it would be highly disruptive and there'd be
       | localized catastrophe but it's important to remember how large
       | the distances in space really are.
        
         | floxy wrote:
         | Galaxy Collision Simulation
         | 
         | https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10687
        
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