[HN Gopher] Notre Dame Cathedral reopens
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Notre Dame Cathedral reopens
        
       Author : chmaynard
       Score  : 205 points
       Date   : 2024-12-07 22:05 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (apnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (apnews.com)
        
       | taylorlapeyre wrote:
       | I wonder what would a ceremony like this look like before the era
       | of cameras broadcasting every move to the entire planet
       | simultaneously. It does seem like a lot of this is performative
       | in the "showtime" sense, and I wonder if the character of an
       | event like this would be more "practical" in another time.
        
         | icegreentea2 wrote:
         | What does a practical opening ceremony even mean? It's in the
         | name, it's a ceremony, a ritual.
         | 
         | Even if it wasn't being broadcasted, this is an act of prestige
         | that flows both ways. Power people go these events to lend
         | their gravitas, and power people go to these events to borrow
         | from the gravitas.
        
         | thomassmith65 wrote:
         | If cathedrals were practical, they'd look like big cross-shaped
         | barns. To turn the restoration of a city's cathedral into a
         | spectacle befits their nature. They were supposed to inspire
         | awe.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | You think pomp and ceremony weren't a thing before the
         | TV/social media age?
        
         | highcountess wrote:
         | You may enjoy reading Pillars of the Earth
        
       | gerdesj wrote:
       | What a beauty! Its been rebuilt (restored is a tricky concept
       | here) in largely the same materials and in the same form as the
       | original, prior to various restoration efforts through the
       | centuries, with a few knobs on.
       | 
       | This means that we get a mediaeval cathedral looking like it did
       | when it was conceived and built (with an extra spire and a few
       | other things). The colours are amazing.
       | 
       | Elderly churches, mosques and temples (int al) have a habit of
       | losing their original colours and "feel" across the centuries.
       | They change - age. Stone walls age and thanks to modern pollution
       | darken. Pigments age, disperse and peel off.
       | 
       | Notre Dame has been restored. Not to how it was in 2018, prior
       | the fire ... but to how it was intended when built, with a bit of
       | sympathetic interpretation.
       | 
       | Well done!
        
         | nntwozz wrote:
         | Ship of Theseus comes to mind.
        
           | highcountess wrote:
           | That is not really applicable here. The cathedral itself was
           | never really destroyed even though the Christian rejectors'
           | mob ransacked it in the "French" Revolution and the latest
           | fire also did not really cause structural damage.
           | 
           | It is also still a functioning Christian church with
           | services.
        
             | akerl_ wrote:
             | The ship of Theseus was never really destroyed either. It
             | was a functional ship with services.
        
           | anon291 wrote:
           | I mean it's a living church. The entire thing can be rebuilt
           | and it will still be the real Notre Dame de Paris. It'd have
           | to stop being used for the original function.
           | 
           | Similar to how the California missions that are still
           | parishes will continue to be complete. The ones that are
           | museums will deteriorate.
           | 
           | The beauty of a building is more than just its physical
           | materials but also those things for which it was built and
           | those people who built it
        
             | akerl_ wrote:
             | > The entire thing can be rebuilt and it will still be the
             | real Notre Dame de Paris
             | 
             | This statement is kindof the whole point of the "ship of
             | Theseus" thought experiment.
        
               | Sebb767 wrote:
               | A more favorable interpretation would be that the church
               | consists of more than just its worldly parts; its place
               | and use are also part of its identity. Even if you'd
               | completely rebuild the church building, the other parts
               | of its identity would persist. Therefore, the "ship of
               | Theuses" argument doesn't apply, as, in this case, we
               | would never replace all parts of [the identity of] this
               | church.
        
               | akerl_ wrote:
               | It feels like you're referring to the "ship of Theseus"
               | as an argument that the identity does not persist...
               | 
               | It's not.
               | 
               | It's a hypothetical designed to call attention to the
               | exact thing you're saying: that potentially identity is
               | more than the specific physical parts.
        
               | anon291 wrote:
               | I gave my differentiating factor..
               | 
               | Yes it's my take on the ship of Theseus problem.
               | 
               | In that problem we re asked to consider if a ship with
               | all it's parts replaced is the same as the original..
               | 
               | My argument is that so long as the ship is being used for
               | the same purpose by the same people then it is. Without a
               | purpose, wood in the shape of a ship is not even
               | necessarily a ship
               | 
               | Things are more than just their physical form.
        
               | astrobe_ wrote:
               | Our own bodies are ships of Theseus. I've read once that
               | every atom in our bodies are replaced in 40 years. In 40
               | years, our bodies change a lot and so are our minds. What
               | make Theseus' ship the ship of Theseus, is that Theseus
               | is the owner of the ship. Ownership is a social
               | convention, a construction of the mind.
               | 
               | What makes Notre Dame, is that people generally agree it
               | is still Notre Dame. If hypothetically we were in a time
               | of modernism craze, and that our government decided to
               | rebuilt it in some modern style (there actually was
               | proposals like that), it would still be the people who
               | makes it Notre Dame de Paris or not.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | > The entire thing can be rebuilt and it will still be the
             | real Notre Dame de Paris. It'd have to stop being used for
             | the original function.
             | 
             | This is demonstrably wrong, as we have many examples of old
             | buildings and we know what people actually feel about them.
             | 
             | Consider two very famous examples of buildings that
             | completely changed their purpose, but are still the same
             | building: the Pantheon and the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul.
             | The Pantheon was a Roman temple to all of the Gods when it
             | was built in 126, and became a Christian church ~400 years
             | later, but everyone recognizes it as the same building. The
             | Hagia Sophia was a Christian church built in 537, and 1100
             | years later became an Islamic mosque, but it is still the
             | same building to everyone.
             | 
             | Then for the opposite example: St Peter's Basillica at the
             | Vatican. This was built in 1506 on the site of a much older
             | church, also called St Peter's Basillica (commissioned by
             | emperor Constantine), which also served as a Christian
             | church, was also used the parish of the Pope, was also the
             | location of papal coronation and so on. And still, no one
             | would say "St Peter's Basilica was built by Saint
             | Constantine", because the current basilica is universally
             | recognized as a new building, despite serving the same
             | function.
             | 
             | A building is recognized for the beauty and specifics of
             | its structural and painterly elements, not for its role. If
             | it is destroyed and rebuilt in almost the same size and
             | shape, then it is recognized as the same building;
             | regardless of entirely changing its purpose.
             | 
             | Conversely, if a building is rebuilt into a completely
             | different shape, even a universally admired as beautiful
             | one, it is considered a different building, even if keeps
             | serving the same purpose.
        
               | anon291 wrote:
               | The Pantheon no longer exists. It is now the church of St
               | Mary and the Martyrs. And this is the difference I'm
               | getting at.
               | 
               | The Pantheon is a temple dedicated to all the ancient
               | Roman gods. It cannot be both that and the Church of St
               | Mary and the Martyrs. When the Church took it over, it
               | ceased to be the Pantheon.
               | 
               | There's no doubt the building is the same, and we can
               | argue about how 'true to form' it is. But that's the
               | point. When it stopped being what it originally was, its
               | 'form' is now a goal to never deviate from.
               | 
               | Whereas, the various depictions of the martyrs present
               | within the Church of St Mary and the Martyrs, for
               | example, has no such ideal yet. The Church can (and does)
               | shift that around. However, if it were to _stop_ being
               | the church of st Mary and the Martyrs, then it would have
               | an ideal form that any restorer may want to restore it
               | towards.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | You could try doing a search for the Pantheon vs the
               | Church of St Mary and the Martyrs to see which is alive
               | in the general consciousness and which isn't. Ultimately,
               | the Pantheon is not a temple to the Roman gods, it's a
               | particular building in Rome. It used to be a temple, now
               | it's a church, maybe 100 years from now it will be an
               | exhibition space. It will still be the same building. And
               | the building is far more culturally important then the
               | current parish inhabiting it.
        
               | matt-attack wrote:
               | For what's its worth, this conversation has been a treat
               | to read. Not sure who I agree with.
        
         | bane wrote:
         | The videos I've seen of the people who did this remarkable work
         | show such a sense of pride, as they should have. It's an
         | amazing testament that France was able to do this work,
         | relatively quickly, in traditional ways. Maintaining that kind
         | of expertise on the scale needed is astonishing.
        
           | brabel wrote:
           | I was wondering exactly about that: how did they keep this
           | expertise? Even in France, I don't think anyone is building
           | medieval-style buildings anymore. Is the work done in
           | restaurations enough to keep the know-how for actually
           | building things almost from scracth?
        
             | mahkeiro wrote:
             | It may surprise you but people are still building medieval
             | castle in France: https://www.guedelon.fr/en/ (youtube has
             | numerous video from them showing medieval technics of
             | building) And France keep some of the building tradition
             | through something called "compagnonnage"
             | https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnonnage (sry but there
             | no en page for this article).
        
               | skywal_l wrote:
               | Something close in en:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnons_du_Devoir
        
             | realusername wrote:
             | The answer is simple, there's an endless amount of churches
             | and castles to maintain in France, so many of them that
             | it's actually impossible to maintain them all. As long as
             | the state cares about maintainance, there's going to be
             | jobs for it.
        
             | Neonlicht wrote:
             | I know that the bells were made in the Netherlands- which
             | has a long history with church bells.
        
             | chiph wrote:
             | If you're in the US, you can apply to attend the American
             | College of the Building Arts.
             | 
             | https://acba.edu/aboutacba
             | 
             | They were established in Charleston SC after Hurricane Hugo
             | when it was discovered that the US did not have enough
             | craftspeople to repair all the historic homes that had been
             | damaged. You can get an accredited Bachelors degree in
             | architectural ironwork, plastering, timber framing, and
             | stone carving.
        
         | kergonath wrote:
         | > with an extra spire and a few other things
         | 
         | With a different spire. Notre Dame used to have a spire until
         | it was removed early in the 19th century.
         | 
         | > Notre Dame has been restored. Not to how it was in 2018,
         | prior the fire ... but to how it was intended when built, with
         | a bit of sympathetic interpretation.
         | 
         | This is quite important. It was difficult to reconcile texts
         | talking about how gothic cathedrals were full of light and
         | colours with the aspect of a lot of these cathedrals, which
         | felt dark and dull with their walls and windows blackened and
         | covered in grime. The renovated interior is properly
         | breathtaking.
         | 
         | > Well done!
         | 
         | Indeed.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I'll be interested to visit when I'm probably in Paris next
           | spring. Notre Dame always seemed to me more impressive on the
           | outside than the inside where, as you suggest, it felt pretty
           | dark and dull compared to a church like Sainte-Chapelle.
        
         | pcl wrote:
         | Hopefully a fire detection and suppression system was added
         | along the way!
        
           | eastbound wrote:
           | Well, it survived 700 years without, and it survived the
           | 1960ies where everyone was smoking everywhere, and it
           | survived two revolutions where the police wasn't active. So a
           | working fire detection system isn't the problem.
           | 
           | Yeah, I don't buy the official investigation that concludes
           | with spontaneous combustion.
        
         | usrnm wrote:
         | I'm actually still disappointed that they did not chose some
         | bold and modern solution. France has no shortage of gothic
         | cathedrals, many of which are much more interesting than Notre
         | Dame of Paris, this was a once in a century chance to do
         | something completely new and interesting, and they got cold
         | feet. Such a shame. It's still very good work, but it will
         | forever feel like a missed opportunity to me.
        
           | cm2187 wrote:
           | You mean to replace the whole building with a beautiful
           | brutalist structure made of dark concrete?
        
             | usrnm wrote:
             | You know that brutalism is long dead, don't you? At this
             | point it's just a scapegoat, if you cannot see beaty in at
             | least some parts of modern architecture, you clearly
             | haven't been paying attention. Just look at some of the
             | alternative designs for the restoration of Notre Dam and
             | tell me that they're ugly and not interesting
        
               | cm2187 wrote:
               | > _You know that brutalism is long dead, don 't you?_
               | 
               | that's kind of the point with modern architecture. It's
               | at best lame, often outright ugly from day one, and aways
               | never age well. The only merit is that it is made of non-
               | durable materials (concrete, glass and steel), so no one
               | will look down on our civilisation in 800 years since
               | there will be nothing left.
        
               | rainworld wrote:
               | They are hideous and repulsive.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | You mean things like:
               | 
               | https://www.demilked.com/notre-dame-reconstruction-
               | designs/
               | 
               | ?
               | 
               | Because they are actually.. quite revolting. Even by
               | modern standards, pretty disgusting. At that point you
               | might just as well just bulldoze the whole building and
               | put something new entirely there.
        
             | iamacyborg wrote:
             | Many brutalist buildings _are_ beautiful
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | That would be nothing short of cultural vandalism. It's
           | certainly the prerogative of the French people to do that if
           | they wish, but it would be an awful thing. The world doesn't
           | need more ugly modern buildings.
        
           | UberFly wrote:
           | It was a restoration, not a grand re-imagination. When works
           | of art (like a painting in a museum) are damaged, they
           | restore them to their previous state.
        
             | usrnm wrote:
             | There are very, very few old buildings in the world that
             | haven't been rebuilt and reimagined at least once in their
             | lifetime, for the majority of them the parts that we find
             | most esthetically pleasing are later additions
        
             | atombender wrote:
             | The French government held a design competition [1] [2] to
             | gather proposals for a new spire, so the assumption at the
             | outset was _not_ that it would be a mere restoration.
             | 
             | > "The international competition will allow us to ask the
             | question of whether we should even recreate the spire as it
             | was conceived by Viollet-le-Duc," [prime minister] Philippe
             | told reporters after a cabinet meeting dedicated to the
             | fire. "Or, as is often the case in the evolution of
             | heritage, whether we should endow Notre Dame with a new
             | spire. This is obviously a huge challenge, a historic
             | responsibility."
             | 
             | However, the senate passed a bill explicitly requiring that
             | the traditional design must be used [3].
             | 
             | [1] https://www.archdaily.com/916723/the-peoples-notre-
             | dame-cath...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.archdaily.com/915355/france-announces-
             | competitio...
             | 
             | [3] https://archive.ph/HgTvo
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | I would like to add that France (probably) also has no
           | shortage of modern churches, quite a few abandoned. There's
           | no reason to build yet another one.
        
           | whywhywhywhy wrote:
           | The grossness of destroying culture aside you'd also be
           | throwing away billions in tourist revenue.
           | 
           | People don't travel to Paris to see something that looks like
           | a mall.
        
         | throwaway48476 wrote:
         | It was rebuilt to how it was restored in the 1800s, not how it
         | was built in medieval times. It's a mixture of Gothic and neo
         | Gothic.
        
       | _DeadFred_ wrote:
       | One of the most spiritual moments of my life was entering Notre
       | Dame, and I was not expecting it at all, wasn't really excited to
       | go there, and am not really religious. Honestly I expected
       | Stonehenge to be more impactful but Notre Dame is a way more
       | worthy visit.
        
         | YZF wrote:
         | I was more awed by Stonehenge than Notre Dame. There's just
         | something mystical about it and it's also much more ancient.
         | Notre Dame was another cool cathedral. It's famous but Europe
         | has many.
         | 
         | Either way sounds like an amazing rebuilding effort with many
         | great passionate craftsman working on it. It goes to show that
         | when we want to we can get stuff done. It's like a hackathon in
         | a big company. Let's take from that and do more great things.
        
           | Ylpertnodi wrote:
           | >It goes to show that when we want to we can get stuff done
           | _.
           | 
           | _ I have read the EULA. * Terms and conditions may apply. *
           | Not available in all regions.
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | I sort of feel the same way about Stone Henge and I think
           | it's an exposure thing. It was maybe the tenth or so stop on
           | my tour of ancient megaliths and after Gobekli Tepe, Easter
           | Island, Avebury, the Baalbek stones, etc it just didn't feel
           | as special.
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | I have the same view. Notre Dame just feels like a big
           | regular church. The Cathedral of Cologne, on the other hand,
           | is just something mesmerizing to me. It's like it belongs to
           | another world/dimension and yet somehow fits with the gloomy
           | sky of Germany.
        
             | lttlrck wrote:
             | I loved Koln Cathedral. It's a must see in Germany. Equal
             | to any castle.
        
             | scns wrote:
             | 150 years ago it was the tallest building in the world.
        
           | chx wrote:
           | > I was more awed by Stonehenge than Notre Dame.
           | 
           | Recommended reading: Dawn Of Everything.
        
         | throw0101d wrote:
         | > _Honestly I expected Stonehenge to be more impactful but
         | Notre Dame is a way more worthy visit._
         | 
         | I think people underestimate how much Beauty can be path to
         | experiencing the Transcendent.
         | 
         | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty#Western_Middle_Ages
        
         | Syonyk wrote:
         | I haven't been to Notre Dame, but there are certainly what I'd
         | term "thin places" in the world, where the spiritual is
         | {closer, more accessible, more present}. I would expect a long-
         | lived active cathedral to be one such place. It's not just the
         | beauty, it's something about the physical location being a
         | focus of prayer over time. I don't have a good sense for how it
         | works. Just that it does.
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | You would love the old city of Jerusalem.
        
             | Syonyk wrote:
             | So I hear. I would love to tour it, some day.
        
               | ridgeguy wrote:
               | Definitely, do this. When you do, take the underground
               | Western Wall tour. The stonework just beggars the
               | imagination.
               | 
               | https://thekotel.org/en/tours/western-wall-
               | tunnels/2/?srslti...
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | Varanasi in India, more specifically Manikarnika ghat in 2008
           | for me. I am a rational non-religious person but that place
           | imprinted itself in my heart by exactly this... something
           | else in the air and I mean everywhere I went in that place
           | (apart from ashes of burnt dead which you breath in 24/7).
           | Never felt anything similar anywhere else, not even in St.
           | Peter's Basilica which is an engineering marvel on its own I
           | can certainly appreciate its beauty.
           | 
           | Which goes against whole concept of institutionalized
           | religions and tells a lot about how humans are wired
           | internally, and nothing (at least positive) about existence
           | of god(s) and some made up bronze age rules accompanying
           | those stories.
           | 
           | BTW been to Notre dame before the fire and felt 0 nothing
           | above usual cathedrals effect (compared to say Sagrada
           | familia which wasn't that spiritual but wow effect
           | definitely), but there were various parts to visit and I
           | don't think I covered them all so maybe missed _the_ spot
           | that worked for you.
        
       | rosmax_1337 wrote:
       | I saw a picture of the insides on another site, it looked like a
       | Disney castle with the stone polished to look almost white. Why
       | not just restore it to look like before the accident?
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | Why shouldn't restoring it to "just like new" not be allowed?
         | This reviewer says entering it now is like the medieval
         | builders had just finished it, it's almost like time travel:
         | https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/dec/06/notre-d...
        
           | serf wrote:
           | medieval builders would have relied on the use of flame and
           | natural light.
           | 
           | I think it all looks great with the exception of white-
           | spectrum LEDs as far as the eye can see; the natural lighting
           | of the past Notre Dame during early morning was _special_ --
           | maybe it still is , but the white LEDs everywhere make it
           | look  'clinical' to me.
        
           | probably_wrong wrote:
           | I wouldn't say "not allowed" because art is subjective, but
           | there's a certain awe in visiting a place that shows clear
           | signs of being many centuries old.
           | 
           | I obviously haven't visited Notre Dame yet, but when I
           | visited the fully rebuilt Berlin Palace last year I did get
           | an impression of "this place needs to age a couple hundred
           | years before it's done".
        
           | lttlrck wrote:
           | I wonder what that was _actually_ like given that it took 200
           | years to build. A lot less pollution so maybe it really did
           | look _all_ shiny and new :-)
        
             | netsharc wrote:
             | As sibling-comment said, no LEDs back then. They probably
             | used soot-billowing torches, 200 years of that means the
             | building must've looked pretty shabby already when done. So
             | the state it currently is in is unrealistic after all.
        
           | rosmax_1337 wrote:
           | I have complete trust in The Guardian to publish incorrect
           | opinions on this matter.
           | 
           | The Notre Dame is a historical building. It's not meant to
           | look like "new".
        
         | johannes1234321 wrote:
         | Old buildings look so dark die to centries of dirt. Especially
         | since industrialization and automobiles. But before that due to
         | fires (for heating and light) For many of those old buildings
         | there are light stones beneath the dark layer.
         | 
         | Same for glass windows, which in old times haven't been as
         | clear as today possible, but still lighter than after centuries
         | of dust settling.
        
       | bdndndndbve wrote:
       | Such a sign of the world we live in that restoring a old building
       | raises a billion dollars, but we somehow can't afford to house
       | people who are freezing to death in the streets.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | If a billion dollars was all it took to solve homelessness, it
         | would have been solved a long time ago. France spends tens of
         | billions on it annually and as you noted, it's far from solved.
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | Heck a single city (San Francisco) spends over a billion
           | dollars annually on homelessness, and the problem just gets
           | worse every year.
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | if you pour money on a problem, you create all sorts of
             | incentives for the problem not to go away.
        
               | User23 wrote:
               | Put more simply, spending money on something tends to get
               | you more of it.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Does that mean Notre Dame is going to burn more often?
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | They certainly increased the chances by replacing the
               | burnt roof with an as of yet unburnt one. Not saying that
               | that would have been the prefered solution. And of course
               | they tried to mitigate this increase in flamability with
               | a modern fire protection solution.
        
               | User23 wrote:
               | Who is spending money on burning it down?
               | 
               | No, obviously, spending money on Notre Dame is getting us
               | more of it, on account of one Notre Dame is more than no
               | Notre Dame.
        
             | alexey-salmin wrote:
             | It's funny because the number of homeless people if I
             | recall correctly is around 10k and total number of people
             | receiving aid is double or triple of that. One may wonder
             | where that billion goes.
        
               | FpUser wrote:
               | To pay salaries of people who debate how to "help"
               | homeless
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | France's social spending is around $509 billion per year.
         | 
         | France also has a form of guaranteed minimum income.
         | 
         | Spending a billion to repair a historic national treasure is
         | not only a drop in the bucket at the scale of a country, it's
         | likely ROI positive due to the tourist revenue that would be
         | lost if France were to abandon their national treasures over
         | the centuries.
         | 
         | Being angry about this is irrational.
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | > a drop in the bucket
           | 
           | Don't forget it can be written off over 50 years or more.
           | That's a paltry 20M/year.
        
         | khazhoux wrote:
         | I'll go a step further and say that we shouldn't spend a single
         | penny on homelessness that could instead be donated to cancer
         | research.
         | 
         | In fact, cancer research should receive _zero_ funds that could
         | instead be put towards care for needy children.
         | 
         | And we shouldn't even waste money on those kids, when it should
         | instead be used ito fight climate change.
        
         | ks2048 wrote:
         | The obvious compromise is build lots of gothic cathedrals for
         | the homeless around the world.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | If the French welfare state, by far the most expansive on the
         | planet (France spends around a third of its GDP on social
         | expenses), is too small for you, you will be sour for the rest
         | of your life, because your demands are unrealistic.
         | 
         | In practice, most people including me prefer to spread public
         | spending into various projects, and yes, that means that the
         | homeless don't get an absolute priority.
         | 
         | I suspect that you, in your private life, do precisely the
         | same. If you wanted to live your preached values, you would
         | have to live Mother Theresa-like life of ascetism, spending
         | your days and your income to help the poor instead of buying
         | yourself nice electronic gadgets and eating good food.
         | 
         | Do you do that? If not, why do you complain about the rest of
         | the world not doing it either?
        
       | greatgib wrote:
       | What I really would like to understand is what Musk was doing
       | there? No relation with France or Notre Dame, supposed to be kind
       | of an agnostic and not a "fervent catholic". And why he took the
       | spot of anyone else that could be a fervent catholic just by
       | being rich...
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | He spent $250M to elect Trump so now gets to be in the inner
         | circle and travel with him, simple as that.
        
           | breadwinner wrote:
           | It's more than just traveling with him... he or his
           | representatives are interviewing and hiring key government
           | officials. (See link below.) Basically Musk is running the US
           | government like it is another Musk company.
           | 
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/06/us/politics/trump-elon-
           | mu...
        
             | Sabinus wrote:
             | But remember, the same conspiracists who love Trump will
             | decry politically active billionaires like George Soros
             | _for decades_ but if it 's a Right Wing Billionaire
             | actually paying for positions that is cool and normal.
        
         | Dalewyn wrote:
         | >No relation with France or Notre Dame, supposed to be kind of
         | an agnostic and not a "fervent catholic".
         | 
         | True liberalism is a church opening its doors to anyone
         | desiring to come in, and someone able to appreciate and pray as
         | he desires. Freedom of religion. Musk might not be a "fervent
         | Catholic", but is that really even relevant in celebrating the
         | restoration of one of the greatest cathedrals?
         | 
         | Identity politics like this truly waste all of our times and
         | turn what are simple moments of happiness into artificial
         | problems.
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | > a church opening its doors to anyone desiring to come in
           | 
           | My invite got lost in the mail, I guess. Or maybe the
           | criteria wasn't just "anyone desiring to come in".
        
             | Dalewyn wrote:
             | You and I both know this was a party for the powerful and
             | the rich, if it wasn't Trump and Musk it was going to be
             | Harris and Lady Gaga or something. The point I'm trying to
             | make is that nothing is stopping you or anyone from
             | visiting Notre Dame to celebrate its return and perhaps
             | even pray there if you so desire, regardless if you're a
             | "fervent Catholic".
             | 
             | In fact, consider that Prince William is also present. He's
             | a member of the British royal family and heir-apparent to
             | the British throne. The British monarch is also the head of
             | the Church of England, which is a friendly rival to the
             | Catholic Church.
             | 
             | It is pointless to argue for identity politics, only
             | assholes wanting to cause strife do that. Let us not waste
             | our time and happiness on them and that.
        
               | anon291 wrote:
               | Keep in mind the church doesn't own the building. It's
               | owned by France and France gets to invite whom they want.
               | The church just uses the building by arrangement.
               | 
               | I only say this because you're not really supposed to be
               | selling seats to a Mass. St Peters for example all masses
               | are public. There are tickets but these are free if it's
               | expected to be large.
        
         | anon291 wrote:
         | Because Europe wants space access?
        
         | tjpnz wrote:
         | Did strike me as a bit odd. Musk won't be president until
         | January 20.
        
         | UberFly wrote:
         | Maybe he was invited.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | I am an unbeliever and I visited a lot of catedrals, basilicas,
         | mosques and synagogues in my life.
         | 
         | You can admire the art and the dedication of the builders
         | without being religious. France itself is a secular state with
         | a division of the State and the Church, and yet President
         | Macron is there, because Notre Dame is a national treasure, not
         | just a religious one.
         | 
         | Also, don't kid yourself about the history of the Church and
         | money. While always verbally pro-poor, in practice, it also
         | always sought connections among the rich. Obscene riches of the
         | high clergy were one of the triggers for the Reformation.
         | 
         | Plus ca change...
        
           | abrenuntio wrote:
           | When a woman honored the Lord with expensive perfume, it was
           | Judas who complained about this. "Why wasn't this money given
           | to the poor?"
           | 
           | Many flawed people belong to the Church. But the art of the
           | Church does not belong to any individual. It exists to honor
           | and glorify the Triune God from within material creation.
        
             | wqaatwt wrote:
             | If only we knew which church is the correct one..
        
               | abrenuntio wrote:
               | Napoleon: "don't you know that I can destroy the Church?"
               | 
               | Bishop: "my colleagues have been trying for 1800 years
               | and haven't succeeded."
        
           | TomK32 wrote:
           | Just my opinion, but the overlap of those admiring the
           | artistry of gothic cathedrals and those actually building a
           | car like the Cybertruck is zero.
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | Frankly, SpaceX rockets, ships and spacesuits are visually
             | cool as hell.
        
           | Neonlicht wrote:
           | True story European monarchs used to have a veto on who gets
           | elected as Pope... The church stopped being independent and
           | became a political tool long ago.
        
         | zelphirkalt wrote:
         | The attention w seeks attention. I guess no big surprise there.
         | They should have banned him off the ground of course, as he is
         | as un-christian as it gets. Maybe they hoped some holy water
         | and crosses could drive out the evil spirits or something.
        
         | wqaatwt wrote:
         | Trump's +1? Since his wife probably didn't want to come
        
         | julienfr112 wrote:
         | So that he can build one when he goes to mars ?
        
         | Xmd5a wrote:
         | Kourou ?
        
       | Zebfross wrote:
       | We were very lucky to see Notre Dame before it burned. So glad
       | it's been restored.
        
       | henearkr wrote:
       | And they rebuilt it with all the lead that posed problem when it
       | burned.
       | 
       | Lesson not learned. Go figure.
        
         | Sabinus wrote:
         | https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20241205-how-lead-exposur...
         | 
         | I was very surprised to learn this is indeed true.
         | 
         | "As the flames engulfed the cathedral, a whopping 400 tonnes of
         | lead from the roof and spire went up in smoke, according to
         | French authorities."
         | 
         | "The decision to rebuild the spire and roof of Notre-Dame
         | exactly as they had been in the 19th century by covering them
         | in lead deepened the anger already felt by the members of
         | Notre-Dame Lead and raised the eyebrows of politicians, non-
         | profits and local residents.
         | 
         | To justify the decision, the institution in charge of restoring
         | the cathedral, Rebuilding Notre-Dame de Paris, ruled out any
         | danger of direct exposure to the substance. "Covering the roof
         | structures of the nave, the choir and two arms of the transept
         | with lead does not expose any member of the public to lead, as
         | they are located some forty metres from the ground and are
         | inaccessible," the institution told French daily newspaper La
         | Croix in a December 2023 article, assuring it was taking the
         | matter "very seriously"."
        
           | canucker2016 wrote:
           | Later in that article:                   "But Notre-Dame was
           | not the only location to be affected," Toullier pointed out.
           | "Lead levels were very high all around the cathedral, on
           | metro platforms, in bookshops on the Place Saint-Michel and
           | even in surrounding schools."              At the end of
           | summer 2019, Notre-Dame Lead reported levels of up to 123,000
           | mg/m2, which represented 25 times the "standard" threshold of
           | 5,000 ug/m2 set by the regional health authority ARS, at the
           | Place Saint-Michel, a 10-minute walk from the cathedral. "Yet
           | no significant clean-up operation was carried out. It was as
           | if the problem didn't exist," Toullier lamented.
           | "But what about run-off water from the roof, which will be
           | laden with lead?" asked Thebaud-Mony. In a notice published
           | in January 2021, the French High Council for Public Health
           | estimated that "the roof of Notre-Dame alone ... would emit
           | around 21kg of lead per year (about two tonnes per century)
           | in run-off water".              "Lead could have been
           | replaced by another substance like zinc or copper," said
           | Thebaud-Mony. "When alternatives exist, why choose lead and
           | risk human health?" This was the case for the Chartres
           | cathedral, destroyed by a fire in 1836. The original
           | structure had lead roofing, which was replaced by copper when
           | it was rebuilt. Though perceived as less stable, copper is
           | significantly less toxic.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | > Though perceived as less stable, copper is significantly
             | less toxic.
             | 
             | If have thought the reduced weight quite a bonus too.
        
         | canucker2016 wrote:
         | from https://aleteia.org/2024/11/04/how-does-notre-dame-of-
         | paris-...                   In more detail, Notre Dame's new
         | fire protection system rests on five pillars.              The
         | first is surveillance. "In addition to thermal cameras, an air
         | suction and analysis system will be in constant operation,"
         | explains the public institution in charge of restoring Notre
         | Dame of Paris. "Any outbreak of fire detected by at least two
         | pipes will automatically trigger the misting system."
         | The system will release a mist consisting of fine droplets of
         | water diffused into the wooden framework, which, if necessary,
         | will considerably reduce the temperature in the space and
         | smother the incipient fire.              The third pillar is
         | the thickening of the batten: the thin planks of wood that
         | separate the trusses from the lead roofing. "One millimeter
         | thick has a fire resistance of one minute: We added 15mm [0.6",
         | editor's note], giving the fire a quarter of an hour less
         | chance of spreading to the roof," explains the company.
         | Fire-stop trusses have been installed to separate the spire
         | from the choir on one side and the nave on the other. They
         | divide the space in three, preventing or delaying the spread of
         | fire from one to the other.              Finally, the entire
         | network of dry columns has been redesigned to facilitate
         | firefighting operations. The flow of water that can be
         | mobilized has been multiplied by three to reach up to 600m3
         | (264 gallons) of water per hour.
        
           | aeronaut80 wrote:
           | 600m3 is 132,000 imperial gallons. Seems a more likely order
           | of magnitude.
        
             | maxnoe wrote:
             | 1m3 [?] 264 gallons, so it seems they forgot to multiply by
             | the 600.
        
         | chiph wrote:
         | What were the choices they had when picking a roof material?
         | While lead has it's disadvantages, it was probably the best
         | choice of them.
         | 
         | Lead - the traditional material using for cathedral roofing is
         | easy to work with, easily soldered to prevent leaks, but is
         | heavy and is toxic when burned.
         | 
         | Copper - Also a traditional material that is easy to work with,
         | also easily soldered to prevent leaks, is lightweight and non-
         | toxic. But the roof would be green afterwards (once it
         | oxidizes) not dull gray.
         | 
         | Steel - Lightweight, can be cut & bent to fit around
         | crenelations. But can't be soldered - any waterproofing would
         | have to be done with caulking & crimping other steel over
         | joints. Available colors to match the original lead. Won't last
         | as long as some other choices (it eventually rusts).
         | 
         | Composite asphalt shingles - just no.
         | 
         | Wooden shingles - Moderately difficult to work with. Easily
         | burns. Will get moldy unless treated with chemicals.
         | 
         | Slate tile - Very difficult to work with, but inflammable.
         | Heavier than lead and is brittle. But it would have a similar
         | color to the lead its replacing.
         | 
         | Concrete tile - similar pros + cons as slate, but cheaper and
         | doesn't last quite as long.
        
           | henearkr wrote:
           | Copper is the best choice from your list.
           | 
           | Color is ok. Anyway the original color of the outside of the
           | cathedral was nothing comparable with the monochrome stone
           | white of today (that's right, churches and cathedrals were
           | artistically painted, in the Middle Ages).
           | 
           | And there are plenty of copper roofs everywhere in France,
           | including on cathedrals.
           | 
           | Also you forgot to mention zinc.
        
       | unit149 wrote:
       | Unlike the Mycenaean Lion's Gate, constructed with stone, using
       | technical dry-stone masonry, Notre Dame was susceptible to
       | sabotage. Post-2019 conflagration, reconstructing its arches,
       | colonnades, spires, and stained glass windows - much of which
       | survived high temperatures is a testament to Gothic architecture.
       | In the Bronze Age, temples, remnants of sacrificial tombs
       | dedicated to resurgent sacrificial rites in satiating Baal, still
       | stand in the outskirts of Jerusalem. Depending on the materials,
       | stone structures will whether incineration, even retaining
       | frescoes prefiguring Christ.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | I have very fond memories of a vrml model with textured surfaces
       | distributed as an .exe for unreal engine. Flights through the
       | inferior and up into the vaults.
       | 
       | I still have the exe but it seems to be very fussy about running
       | and I haven't managed to make a virtual Windows it will tolerate.
       | 
       | https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/throwback-thursday-vr-notre-d...
        
       | DiscourseFan wrote:
       | I had the privilege of seeing the old Notre Dame right before it
       | burned. It was very cool, but the new one looks like an
       | obsessional desire to remain true to the old form. At one point
       | there was talk of Gehry redesigning it: that would've been
       | interesting! Because when the Notre Dame was rebuilt last, it
       | reflected the architectural limits of its time, the height of the
       | medieval ability and imagination. It is strange to simply
       | replicate that today, when we could do so much more, when the
       | Sagrada Familia, for instance, represents with more force the
       | modern condition.
        
         | aubanel wrote:
         | Why would you want Notre Dame to represent modern condition ?
         | I'm very happy it was not the way you suggest, because that
         | would have been a high risk of getting a ugly/huge/provocative
         | addition by a modern fame-craving architect, a la Le Corbusier
         | or Jean Nouvel.
         | 
         | This is a 1000 years old church that has hosted France's
         | history, not a company office in Manhattan.
        
           | kmlx wrote:
           | an argument could be made that this was a once in a few
           | generations chance to do something different, or at least
           | change/add to the existing design. another argument is that
           | the building saw many changes from ~1180 to today, so change
           | was actually part of the history of the building.
        
             | wqaatwt wrote:
             | > to do something different
             | 
             | Entirely just to do something different? Or for any actual
             | reason?
             | 
             | I mean things like:
             | https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/france-notre-dame-
             | gree...
             | 
             | are just outright plain ugly due to many reasons and this
             | is one of the nicer looking alternative proposals that I
             | could find.
        
               | DiscourseFan wrote:
               | If there's one reason the French can't compete in the
               | modern economy its because they are so painfully
               | conservative in their culture. Elon Musk might be a cook
               | with reactionary tendencies but he is a far more
               | imaginary cook than anything the French can come up with.
               | Did it really all end in 1848?
        
               | kmlx wrote:
               | they cancelled the design competition and went with an
               | identical reconstruction:
               | https://www.thelocal.fr/20200710/macron-gives-blessing-
               | to-re...
               | 
               | part of the reason was to have it ready for the olympics
               | since a design competition would take a long time.
        
           | whazor wrote:
           | The original creators would have intended the cathedral to be
           | grandest as possible.
        
             | zelphirkalt wrote:
             | That would have cost probably even more than restoring it.
             | It might have been extremely criticized by the public, as a
             | funding grave, a bottomless pit swallowing a lot of funding
             | for foreseeable future. The grandest these days is ... very
             | grand. So grand, that there is no other building worldwide
             | achieving it yet. We have learned a lot and would be
             | capable of a lot, if there was a need to.
        
               | DiscourseFan wrote:
               | >there is no other building worldwide achieving it yet
               | 
               | The Sagrada Familia, which is nearly complete.
        
           | DiscourseFan wrote:
           | There are many catacombs in Paris. Nobody knows how deep the
           | system goes. They were there before Haussmann, before the
           | Normans, before the Goths, before the Romans, perhaps even
           | before the Gauls. Your idea of what is French, however, is
           | not what is buried underneath in the collective
           | unconsciousness of the city, what supports it, but instead
           | the reproduction of what people want to believe represents
           | the city. But the Notre Dame no longer exists, it was a
           | symbol of the power of a Medieval state. Paris today is a
           | city of malls, broad avenues and apartments. We kid ourselves
           | to believe that putting it back will "continue" its history:
           | the history is buried under the immediately visible surface,
           | its waiting for you to get lost in it. If we could build
           | something that might unearth that history, perhaps it might
           | be possible to begin to remake the city of Paris once again.
        
             | profsummergig wrote:
             | I read somewhere that the catacombs were the result of
             | needing cemetery land for building on.
             | 
             | What an effort that must have been! Convincing people that
             | their ancestors could be extracted from the ground and
             | stored as skeletons in caves underground. What a massive
             | amount of land that must have freed up!
        
               | DiscourseFan wrote:
               | Def not what really happened, since the arrangement down
               | there more closely resembles macabre interior decorations
               | than any reasonable funerary arrangements. The catacombs
               | are the result of Paris being built on top of numerous
               | underground tunnels that have existed at least since the
               | Roman era but were massively expanded in medieval times.
        
             | aubanel wrote:
             | I'v been a lot down the Catacombs, and still go sometimes,
             | but I think you have a too grandiose view of their
             | significance.
             | 
             | Their most ancient existence is as stone carries, the
             | storage of bones only started late, in the XVIIIth century.
             | 
             | They never really held big significance for Parisians.
             | 
             | Source: https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carri%C3%A8res_sout
             | erraines_...
        
         | arnaudsm wrote:
         | Modernizing was the least anachronistic option indeed!
         | Cathedrals used to evolve and expand over time. Now they are
         | frozen in time. Just like the political state of the church.
         | 
         | Major conservative donors blocked any attempt of modernization
         | of Notre Dame. They insisted on reusing lead for the roofing.
         | Highly inflammable wood for the hidden frame.
        
         | atombender wrote:
         | I'm a big fan of modern architecture, and I understand where
         | you're coming from. That said, I think the main argument for
         | sticking to the traditional design that architectural
         | consistency trumps modernism.
         | 
         | There are countless examples of old buildings being retrofitted
         | with a modern one, and it rarely works well. You usually end up
         | with this kind of cyberpunk Borg look of old tech merging with
         | new tech, with some futuristic augmentation sticking out like a
         | sore thumb rather than blending in organically.
         | 
         | Of course, maybe someone could have come up with something that
         | would have worked, if given time. The one design submission I
         | quite liked was Vincent Callebaut's faceted glass roof and
         | spire, but the other submissions were not great.
         | 
         | The Sagrada Familia is church built completely from scratch, so
         | it's not really a fair comparison. It's also not a _modern_
         | design; Gaudi was pretty unique even in his time, but design
         | was ultimately a product of a particular age.
        
       | RadiozRadioz wrote:
       | Wow that's great! I'll be totally honest, I completely forgot
       | that fire happened until now. It was really big news and at the
       | time I thought it would be the defining moment of 2019, then
       | COVID happened and I pretty much forgot anything else that had
       | happened that year.
        
       | nikolay wrote:
       | This modernization ruined it. I've seen it in 2000, I have no
       | interest to see this "restoration".
        
       | mocamoca wrote:
       | I'm french. Live in Paris. I do not understand the excitement the
       | world has for Notre Dame. Question for you, reader: what does the
       | fire and/or the rebuild means to you? Why do you care?
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | For a lot of cultural/literary reasons, I think it's just
         | iconic in a way that many other (at least equally beautiful)
         | cathedrals--that most people probably couldn't even name, even
         | the ones in Paris--are not.
        
         | snakeyjake wrote:
         | I consider it to be a more recent (but still very old) entry in
         | a category of human constructions that also includes the
         | Parthenon, the Colosseum, the Taj Mahal, Angkor Wat, Machu
         | Picchu, and Stonehenge.
        
         | dmoo wrote:
         | I visited Notre Dame the first time I was in Paris, stood in
         | the queue, climbed the stairs and took the photos everyone
         | takes and have positive associations of the trip. The age,
         | location and the view all help make nice memories that I guess
         | many visitors feel. Victor Hugo & Disney probably add to that
         | for others.
        
           | daghamm wrote:
           | If you are in Paris, there are probably 10 other places with
           | more historical relevance.
           | 
           | Notre Dame got to hold the French record for number of selfie
           | sticks per m^2.
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | Reminder: the original burned down because of cigarette smoking.
        
       | zawaideh wrote:
       | Meanwhile Israel is destroying churches and mosques much older
       | than notre dame and the world shrugs..
        
       | hilbert42 wrote:
       | It's just so great to know Notre Dame been restored successfully.
       | 
       | Decades ago I took a tour into roof/rafters and I took many
       | photographs because I was interested in the woodworking and
       | construction. I'd dearly love to do that tour again and compare
       | the old with the new.
        
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