[HN Gopher] Insects rely on sounds made by distressed vegetation...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Insects rely on sounds made by distressed vegetation to guide
       reproduction
        
       Author : tintinnabula
       Score  : 156 points
       Date   : 2024-12-07 21:42 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nytimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nytimes.com)
        
       | supriyo-biswas wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/tPyz8
        
       | alonfnt wrote:
       | I wonder how you get the NYtimes to discuss a preprint?
        
         | daniel_reetz wrote:
         | Some universities have a press or media outlet which generates
         | press releases and handles media relations.
        
           | woodson wrote:
           | But usually only upon acceptance for publication (i.e., an
           | editor of a scientific journal has decided to accept the
           | manuscript, after peer review and usually multiple revisions
           | based on said review). Preprint papers might as well be some
           | crank's blog posts. (Not implying that this is the case here,
           | I just find it odd that the nytimes take it as is.)
        
       | Davidzheng wrote:
       | For what purpose does the plant emit sounds when it's dehydrated?
       | Or is it just a consequence of being dehydrated like withering
        
         | aithrowawaycomm wrote:
         | It's a tricky question at this point: the clicking sounds seem
         | to be due to a natural increase of cavitation in the plant's
         | stem. But it's hard to judge the extent to which the plant
         | actually evolved to do this vs it being an accident with little
         | selective downside. In the near future genetics might shed some
         | light on whether an ancestor was too quiet/noisy and had
         | increased pressure on relevant genes.
         | 
         | The disadvantages of too much noise are obvious (herbivores)
         | but I haven't seen any convincing explanations on what the
         | plant's _advantage_ would be. There is some speculation on
         | plant-plant communication, but maybe it is about attracting
         | pollinators and seed-dispersers before the plant dies. Just a
         | lot of stuff we don 't know yet.
        
           | rlupi wrote:
           | > I haven't seen any convincing explanations on what the
           | plant's advantage would be.
           | 
           | It doesn't have to be an advantage in emitting clicking
           | sounds, just more advantageous to the plant overall lifelong
           | wellbeing to be that way.
           | 
           | (This is not my field, but I wonder) is it more expensive to
           | be silent than noisy?
           | 
           | This study
           | (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5543975/) hints
           | that repairing cavitation damage is expensive.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Selection mostly says losing traits tend to become rare,
             | and winning traits more common. It doesn't have much to say
             | about benign traits. That which does not kill you makes you
             | weirder.
        
         | notamy wrote:
         | It's been shown that sesquiterpenes released by plants can
         | induce cloud formation:
         | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adi5297
         | 
         | I now wonder if they use the sound to communicate with other
         | plants to try to get clouds to form faster
        
       | veunes wrote:
       | It feels like a whole new dimension of plant-insect interaction
       | that we're just starting to uncover...
        
       | beardyw wrote:
       | > Other researchers offered a more cautious assessment of the
       | paper.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | "They're talking tripe, but we can't say that"
        
         | Loughla wrote:
         | "Study suggests" usually means "there is very little substance
         | here"
        
           | llamaimperative wrote:
           | Can you link to a few papers in biology that you find
           | credible?
           | 
           | Or might it be the case that the entire enterprise of science
           | is a stack of gradually-reinforcing "study suggests..." built
           | over the course of decades and centuries?
        
       | tiku wrote:
       | And how about chemicals released by plants, like cut grass?
        
       | MrMcCall wrote:
       | The system is in complete harmony. Sometimes the predators are in
       | the ascendancy, sometimes the prey. Our science has little
       | comprehension of the grandeur of the totality of Nature's
       | balance, simply because the willful ignorance of the vast
       | majority of the human race keeps us so out of balance in its
       | destructively selfish competitions.
       | 
       | We are the only creatures who can choose to manifest a selflessly
       | compassionate ethos, instead of selfishly cruel indifference.
       | When we choose compassionate service to all (including the Earth,
       | herself), we not only improve the lives of those around us (and
       | foment our own internal peace and happiness), but we also clariy
       | our perception, allowing us to more deeply grok Nature's
       | intricately beautiful systems that provide our sustenance.
       | 
       | Only in caring for each other, we will learn how to properly care
       | for our blessed mother Earth.
        
         | fmbb wrote:
         | The vast majority of the human race plays just fine with
         | nature.
         | 
         | It is the extremely few extremely rich humans that are abusing
         | nature.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Yeah but we all keep feeding the monster.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Mowing shows a general disregard for nature by most people.
           | 
           | People generally prefer an unnatural environment that at best
           | mimics nature without any inconvenience. Even in parks well
           | maintained and clearly marked trails see vastly more traffic
           | than people just picking a random path through the woods.
           | People seem to desire hiking trails of arbitrary distances
           | not to actually explore.
        
             | MrMcCall wrote:
             | We have so little respect for the fungal colonies in the
             | leaf litter that process the organic matter back into
             | sustenance for the trees.
        
             | bmitc wrote:
             | The point of trails in parks is to preserve nature and to
             | localize and constrain the damage to it.
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | And some parks expressly forbid leaving the trails for
               | that reason.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Yes and no, over a full year there's ~6 visits to a
               | national park per acre. Damage is a function of how much
               | people concentrate in specific areas not an inevitable
               | result of how many people visit parks.
               | 
               | You need trails for extreme attractions like old faithful
               | or tiny parks near major metro area, but it's fine to go
               | far off the beaten path as nowhere close to enough people
               | do so to meaningfully impact what's there.
               | 
               | But that gets back to my point people in general aren't
               | looking to experience nature. They want those scenic
               | overlooks, waterfalls, etc not a random spot.
        
               | bmitc wrote:
               | Several, if not most, of the plants are extremely
               | senstitive to being trampled on and take many months and
               | years to recover. So even a single trek off the beaten
               | path by a few people or even one person will damage the
               | plant life. It will also disrupt animal life and
               | potentially adjust travel patterns. For example, moss and
               | young ferns are extremely sensitive and fragile.
               | 
               | People should not go off paths.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | That really only applies to moderate traffic area.
               | 
               | Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve sees
               | ~10,000 people per year and covers 8,472,506 acres. At
               | the other end Grand Canyon National Park sees ~4.5
               | million visitors there's a world of difference between
               | them.
               | 
               | But even the Grand Canyon National Park has 1,217,262
               | acres the majority of which is seeing below 1 person per
               | year. It's hard to track someone walking through an area
               | after even just a week, the actual impact from an
               | individual visit is tiny, it's only at scale that there's
               | issues.
               | 
               | Delicate plants taking years to recover isn't an issue
               | when a random square foot is unlikely to see 2 visitors
               | in 1,000 years on average.
        
           | deadbabe wrote:
           | You do not have to be rich.
           | 
           | Anyone choosing to eat meat is feeding into the system of
           | abuse and torture. Anyone.
        
             | hiatus wrote:
             | I take it you do not live in a food desert where access to
             | fresh produce is limited.
        
               | deadbabe wrote:
               | That is no excuse.
        
               | perching_aix wrote:
               | You don't sound like you'd accept anything as an excuse,
               | so that's really not saying a whole lot...
        
               | PretzelPirate wrote:
               | Whether or not you love in a food desert, the result of
               | your actions are the same. You may have no choice, but
               | you're still financially supporting animal cruelty.
               | 
               | The action is cruel, not the people committing it.
        
               | block_dagger wrote:
               | You can move.
        
             | fmbb wrote:
             | Sure. But that's another discussion than the one about
             | balance in nature.
        
           | block_dagger wrote:
           | I disagree. The agricultural revolution shows clear signs of
           | using land that could otherwise be used by other species, not
           | to mention the destruction of species that were there before
           | we began tilling the soil. Additionally, the rich humans you
           | call out are selling their product to the masses, who happily
           | support their enterprise.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | This is an antiquated view and it would do all of humanity a
         | great service if we could leave it behind. Humans are not the
         | only ones capable of selfless compassion. Any emotion you may
         | have, animals also have, and there are many examples of animals
         | showing compassion without any benefit to themselves. We have
         | examples of plants showing selfless care for other plants in
         | need, sending them nutrients. This whole idea that humans are
         | somehow special is silly. It used to be a widely held belief
         | that we're the only intelligent species, but these days we know
         | better. Animals have emotions just like us, but sadly we
         | largely haven't shaken off our human centric view here yet.
        
           | MrMcCall wrote:
           | We are the only creatures that can _choose_ compassion over
           | selfishness. The rest of creation is on auto-pilot, guided by
           | and incorporating the Creator 's loving compassion for us in
           | their every behavior.
           | 
           | Our intelligence is not only on a far different order than
           | theirs via our capability for abstract thought (not oft used,
           | TBF), but we also have a moral compass (conscience) that
           | tries to influence our behavior towards the selflessly
           | compassionate and away from the selfishly callous. We can
           | choose either, the free will being our real distinguishing
           | feature and is the reason we have a conscience and access to
           | mind.
           | 
           | Ask your dog about their intelligence, and they will reply,
           | "So long as you keep feeding me, I'll keep licking my
           | _everywhere_ , and then licking your face. So keep it coming,
           | or I'll have to show you who the alpha is around heeerrrre."
        
             | kamma wrote:
             | > The rest of creation is on auto-pilot, guided by and
             | incorporating the Creator's loving compassion for us in
             | their every behavior.
             | 
             | Proof?
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | Peak HN comment, especially with that username...
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | You must seek and find that for yourself, my friend.
               | 
               | "The Way goes in." --Rumi
        
             | kaashif wrote:
             | > We are the only creatures that can choose compassion over
             | selfishness.
             | 
             | You don't think orangutans or other intelligent apes can do
             | this? There are lots of experiments and anecdotes you'd
             | have to explain away.
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | Yes, kinship theory is a real understanding of behavior,
               | but the animals don't _choose_ compassion over
               | selfishness, they merely make an instinctive survival
               | cost-benefit analysis in the moment. So it 's not even a
               | kind of thinking, as we human beings have a conscience
               | and mind capable of abstract conceptual thought that
               | allows us to weigh the morality of what we are
               | considering, and then decide.
               | 
               | Of course, having free will means that we can ignore our
               | unique capabilities and behave as our built-in mammalian,
               | pack-centric, dominance-seeking, body plans provide us
               | out-of-the-box.
               | 
               | The only thinking I have seen in the animal world involve
               | primates and birds using tools, and dolphins using
               | impressive hunting techniques, where the younger
               | generations learn them from the older. Regardless, if
               | they are thinking, they are very primitive.
        
               | dl9999 wrote:
               | How is it known or tested to verify that "animals don't
               | choose compassion over selfishness, they merely make an
               | instinctive survival cost-benefit analysis"?
               | 
               | I'm not disputing it, but I've never understood how we
               | can say definitively that animals are doing the same
               | things we do, but they are doing it out of instinct.
        
             | thebruce87m wrote:
             | > The rest of creation is on auto-pilot, guided by and
             | incorporating the Creator's loving compassion for us in
             | their every behavior.
             | 
             | From the gentle kiss of a bee sting, to the loving nibble
             | of a shark bite.
        
               | andrewflnr wrote:
               | Those are benign compared to some of the stuff parasites
               | get up to.
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | Let us not forget the loving embrace of N. Fowleri, whose
               | presence shall always remain in our minds.
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | Yeah, they are instructive, no? The burnt hand and all
               | that.
        
             | arghwhat wrote:
             | > Ask your dog about their intelligence, and they will
             | reply
             | 
             | If your dog replies, you either have a truly exceptional
             | dog with human-like vocal cords, or need to see a
             | psychiatrist.
             | 
             | That we are _more_ intelligent is nothing more than an
             | evolutionary decision - our ancestors decided to lead
             | lifestyles where trading base energy consumption for higher
             | mental capabilities made sense.
             | 
             | Other creatures are not on auto-pilot, even if their
             | thought process ranges from simpler to outright primitive.
             | When dolphins endanger themselves to chase away sharks to
             | save humans they go against instincts and self preservation
             | (and thereby anything you'd consider autopilot). On the
             | other hand, humans are the ones that have turned averse to
             | danger and anything out of the ordinary, preferring to
             | stick to "auto-pilot" for safety.
             | 
             | In fact, I'd argue that the supposed response from your dog
             | sounds quite like a human: as long as you keep paying me,
             | I'll do the same mindless daily routine without question.
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | I didn't say it would reply with words.
               | 
               | And you should learn about the instinct of kinship
               | theory, where worker ants and bees give up their ability
               | to procreate and even live, for the benefit of the
               | colony.
               | 
               | Only we can choose such selfless compassion, after
               | contemplating and understanding what we are giving and
               | the costs we will likely incur.
        
               | arghwhat wrote:
               | Ants and bees are not showing selflessness, they are
               | showing strict hierarchy and chain of command.
               | 
               | Entirely different concept. Not to mention that ants are
               | very, very far from dogs, dolphins and humans. There is
               | no reason to think that a dolphin would have to share
               | their behavior, nor that a human _wouldn 't_ share their
               | behavior - do people _really_ choose to be selfless when
               | they dedicate their life to a company, or are they just
               | mindlessly following the march like the ants? There will
               | be the occasional ant that _doesn 't_ do as told, leaving
               | the question of where there are more humans or ants
               | breaking showing independence and breaking out of rank.
               | 
               | For reference, there exist many types of ants that have
               | abandoned the normal ways of ant colonies.
               | 
               | > I didn't say it would reply with words.
               | 
               | It would be even more impressive if it managed to
               | communicate without words - Telepathy is not exactly
               | expected in dogs.
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | I have found that dogs can communicate their desires
               | without words, by facial expressions and vocalizations,
               | but maybe I'm alone in that, too. (I'm not.)
               | 
               | Group dynamics are the nature of kinship theory, where
               | the overlap of DNA predisposes related animals ("kin") to
               | helping those and opposing others.
               | 
               | [Nominative determinism at work again in the comment
               | section.]
        
             | perching_aix wrote:
             | > the Creator
             | 
             | Who?
        
             | Etheryte wrote:
             | I can see why you might believe that, but it's simply not
             | true. There are countless well documented examples and
             | scientific studies that show that animals exhibit all the
             | traits you describe. Chimpanzees show compassion by
             | consoling victims of aggression [0], being especially
             | attentive to others with whom they have a closer bond. They
             | have friends and relatives just like we do, they value
             | those social structures just like we do, and they choose to
             | give them emotional support, without getting anything in
             | return.
             | 
             | Rats try and free restrained cage mates [1] and share their
             | food with them, even though from a selfish perspective it
             | would be better for them to eat the food and not share.
             | They understand the other is suffering and try to alleviate
             | it, just like we do.
             | 
             | Neural imaging on animals has shown that their brains both
             | have the same features that ours do for these purposes and
             | they use them in similar ways. All of this is not even
             | remotely controversial, it's well understood and thoroughly
             | studied across numerous decades.
             | 
             | [0] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00302695
             | 
             | [1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22158823/
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | Of course animals exhibit teamwork, but they do not have
               | a free will that can _choose_ compassion in the face of
               | its opposite, selfishness.
               | 
               | You can note all the abstract thought that animals
               | exhibit, perhaps some equations on a chalkboard?
        
               | antasvara wrote:
               | My 1 year old can't write equations on a chalkboard.
               | Despite that, she shows compassion and what if consider
               | abstract thought.
               | 
               | The issue that I think you're highlighting is that we
               | can't map our measures of intelligence directly on to
               | other animals. Animals can't write, so it wouldn't make
               | sense to use a measure that requires writing when
               | evaluating a fox or squirrel.
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | But your 1yo might in the future do so, and might even
               | show much greater compassion in her future.
               | 
               | A fox or squirrel absolutely will not, nor will they
               | break out that chalk.
        
               | notnaut wrote:
               | You _feel_ like you choose compassion but you assume
               | animals do not choose because they don't have language to
               | express their considerations. You're jumping the gun on
               | choice and free will (existing at all, firstly) being
               | exclusively something humans have been endowed with by
               | their creator.
               | 
               | All the glowy, drippy, lovey, drug feelings you're
               | expressing might feel so intuitively, deeply true, but my
               | guess is you're being convinced by the human brain's
               | outrageously impressive ability to rationalize via
               | language just about anything it wants in order to feel
               | less agitated. Religion in a sense.
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | Or maybe you're just a part of the majority of Earth's
               | poplulation, who have denied our loving potential and,
               | instead, decided to remain in a destructively ignorant
               | competition that is destroying the Earth and causing so
               | much misery.
               | 
               | You think you are right, but I _know_ that I am right,
               | and I _know_ that you have to choose to overcome your
               | willful ignorance before you, too, can experience the
               | depth of happiness and purpose that I experience in our
               | poverty.
               | 
               | Good luck! I wish you all peace and happiness, but that
               | begins with you, my friend. It is your choice to either
               | seek the truth, or remain happy with where you are.
               | 
               | And it is inarguable, tho many try.
        
               | HelloMcFly wrote:
               | > Of course animals exhibit teamwork, but they do not
               | have a free will that can choose compassion in the face
               | of its opposite, selfishness.
               | 
               | No matter how confidently you state this, no matter how
               | patronizing of a reply you make to someone who doesn't
               | share your belief, you cannot know this as fact. A choice
               | to believe this is not based on evidence, but faith (or
               | for some, "hope" that they weren't wrong all along).
               | 
               | But as long as you're treating creation right (humans,
               | animals, and ecosystems) then go with peace, brother (or
               | sister).
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | > you cannot know this as fact
               | 
               | Well, how can I argue with someone who knows what I
               | cannot know? I'd say Occam's Razor suggests that Dunning-
               | Kruger explains that the most vociferous and confident
               | are the ones who aren't really the true-experts, who
               | require humility to get where they have gotten.
               | 
               | You do not have my evidence, and no words of my evidence
               | will convince anyone. You can traverse my comments over
               | the past few days and learn why you should, but it's
               | easier to choose willful ignorance, as the vast majority
               | do.
               | 
               | Or, maybe -- just maybe -- I'm just plain right. Maybe
               | (hint, hint) that's why no one can put forth a cogent
               | argument against what I say. But they sometimes flag me
               | in their frustration, tho.
               | 
               | And I am at peace because I'm serving humanity by
               | teaching the (mostly unaccepted) view that we should be
               | choosing cooperative compassion instead of competitive
               | callousness. We are each choosing, each and every day,
               | how we beat our butterfly's effect wings. And look at the
               | world we have created out of our ignorantly destructive
               | selfishness, the results of all these selfish cultural
               | tendencies.
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | > Rats try and free restrained cage mates [1] and share
               | their food with them, even though from a selfish
               | perspective it would be better for them to eat the food
               | and not share. They understand the other is suffering and
               | try to alleviate it, just like we do.
               | 
               | That is all behavior that helps the survivability of the
               | group, and is all explained by kinship theory. "You
               | scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours."
               | 
               | As to brain structures, where are the animals' structures
               | that allow the discovery, explication, and acceptance of
               | General Relativity? It's not there, and there will
               | _never_ be a study that shows that they have them,
               | because it is simply not possible.
               | 
               | Flogiston is not real, my friend, no matter how it
               | appears to explain the physical transfer of heat and lack
               | thereof. And the solar wind is real, no matter what
               | Eugene Parker's contemporaries thought and fought all
               | those years ago. Now the Parker Solar Probe is in space
               | doing its work, and I am, too, in my own small way.
        
             | manofmanysmiles wrote:
             | I agree with you. It's a lonely world for those that think
             | and feel like you and I do. You are not alone.
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | Thanks, of course we're not alone, as we understand God's
               | design, but we are definitely in the minority, as
               | evidenced by, basically, all of human history.
               | 
               | Love is, itself, on our side, and our happiness is what
               | really sets us apart, my friend.
               | 
               | And, remember, they _think_ they 're correct, I _know_ I
               | 'm correct, and right, too. Peace be with you. We love
               | you.
        
               | chimpanzee wrote:
               | > we understand God's design
               | 
               | The confidence is concerning.
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | Research Eugene Parker and learn why he said, "We'll see
               | who falls flat."
               | 
               | And, wow, the nominative determinism in these comments is
               | fantastic.
               | 
               | Yes, it takes a brave person to accept that they have to
               | change, and that all their underpinnings of existence are
               | deeply flawed and the cause of the world's sufferings.
               | Ignorance is destructive, my friend, to both our and
               | others' happiness.
               | 
               | Compassion is the Way, and it cannot be argued, from even
               | just a basic systems theoretic standpoint.
        
               | chimpanzee wrote:
               | Now it's impressive.
        
               | block_dagger wrote:
               | I'm aligned with your compassion and have always felt in
               | the minority as I've watched our race behave selfishly,
               | but I think uncertainty is a virtue. Absolute conviction
               | on any topic can lead to undesirable outcomes.
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | All undesirable outcomes come from our selfishness. Even
               | if they are mistakes made under good intentions, they
               | will serve as a lesson on how to be better in the future.
               | 
               | Such lessons teach us humility and, as you intuit, a
               | healthy respect for our weaknesses. I am not confident in
               | what I say because I'm better than anyone; I've just trod
               | a very different path, as you can see from today's gang-
               | on.
               | 
               | The fact of the matter is that there is a point one can
               | reach where we go from thinking to knowing. I've been
               | over a half century on this Earth, nearly half of it
               | dedicated to compassion, and it is time for humanity to
               | wake up to our positive potential.
               | 
               | I love you, my friend. So long as our convictions are to
               | be kind and humble and generous and as gentle as
               | possible, our mistakes will grow fewer by the day. As
               | Machiavelli said so long ago, "We must aim above the
               | target if we are to hit it."
        
           | singleshot_ wrote:
           | > Any emotion you may have, animals also have
           | 
           | Ah yes, I can tell that my cat is also struggling with
           | whether to lease a Mercedes or keep fixing this stupid Chevy,
           | which I deeply love because of all the fun places I've driven
           | it (like work, and the gas station). Perhaps that's why she
           | keeps biting me. Good kitty!
        
             | perching_aix wrote:
             | Of course your car cares about your car related
             | decisions...
        
             | Etheryte wrote:
             | Animals might not have the emotions for the same reasons,
             | but they do exhibit the whole range we do. Anyone who's
             | ever had an animal that can come and go roughly as they
             | please, will know that they struggle with indecisiveness in
             | all the same ways. Let me out, oh wait, actually never
             | mind, let me in. Or out. Or let me in a little, I will keep
             | one half of me outside and the other half inside, blocking
             | the door.
        
             | do_not_redeem wrote:
             | Wanting new toys is not an exclusively human trait. Cats
             | like playing with toys too. Rats have been taught to drive
             | tiny cars. Orangutans have learned to drive golf carts. So
             | why are your emotions more real then? Because a Mercedes
             | can go faster than a golf cart?
        
             | uoaei wrote:
             | The emotion part of your comment is just the love and the
             | discomfort in the struggle, not the struggle itself nor any
             | of the particular details.
        
         | FrustratedMonky wrote:
         | We are a part of this chaos, not its masters, nor its
         | caretakers. To say we are the only creatures capable of
         | compassion is to elevate ourselves on a pedestal Nature does
         | not recognize. The crocodile may carry its young gently in its
         | jaws, and the antelope may pause to nuzzle its dying calf, but
         | these acts, too, are not born of some selfless ethos but of
         | impulses evolved to ensure survival. Compassion, even in us, is
         | no purer than the physics of a falling tree crushing the
         | undergrowth beneath it. It is Nature's practicality dressed in
         | the robes of morality.
         | 
         | This notion that by choosing compassion we align ourselves with
         | some grand system of interconnected beauty--this is human
         | hubris disguised as virtue. When we care for each other, we do
         | not rise above Nature; we merely enact one of its many
         | mechanisms, one more strategy for persistence in the face of
         | inevitable decay. The Earth does not need our care. She has
         | endured extinction events that wiped out almost all life and
         | reshaped her surface with volcanic fire and freezing ice. She
         | will endure us, too, with the same impassive grandeur.
         | 
         | To truly perceive Nature is not to grok some intricate beauty
         | but to confront the void, the merciless indifference, and to
         | marvel at how, against all odds, life writhes and endures
         | within it. Compassion, then, is not a gift we bestow upon the
         | world--it is a small defiance, a trembling candle held aloft in
         | the endless darkness. We do not save Nature; we survive it. And
         | that is enough.
        
           | MrMcCall wrote:
           | You are truly eloquent at speaking for yourself and your
           | cohort's stubborn insistence on your ignorance.
           | 
           | For you, all these things are true, because you have chosen
           | that perspective, and that is your inalienable right.
           | 
           | You can't explain the Placebo Effect, while you are proving
           | the Nocebo Effect every time you try to argue against the
           | truth.
           | 
           | The fact is that the last time you tried this, I addressed
           | every single word you conjured up, so much so that it took a
           | two-part reply.
           | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42330991)
           | 
           | In the words of Eugene Parker, "We'll see who falls flat."
           | 
           | And, in case you weren't aware, the "void" of the vacuum of
           | space is actually filled with potential energy. That's
           | because we're all one in this creation, all of which was
           | created for _us_ , the only beings here that can appreciate
           | the sublime laws that interrelate space, time, matter,
           | energy, and more still.
           | 
           | No, we are not its masters, just its caretakers, if we so
           | choose.
        
             | FrustratedMonky wrote:
             | You keep referencing Eugene Parker?
             | 
             | This guy? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Parker
             | 
             | You seem to be a religious fanatic. I didn't respond before
             | because it seemed like just lunatic ravings.
             | 
             | You seem to argue against any natural order, against
             | science, that 'nature' is ordered by the grace of god.
             | 
             | But then you quote a physicist?
             | 
             | What is the deal? How do you square this? It seems like
             | someone that has read a lot of pop-science, and then use
             | scientific terms to form some world description about how
             | god is doing it all.??
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | > What is the deal? How do you square this?
               | 
               | Loving God means appreciating, at least to some extent,
               | God's wonderful design of this mathematical universe, its
               | mystery and grandeur, and the scientific structures of
               | nature, which includes ourselves, and so much more.
               | 
               | I am not "Frustrated" my friend, and I'm not a "Monkey";
               | I'm a human being with a body whose body plan is based
               | upon the mammals, specifically the primates, but with
               | important differences. And I am happy because I
               | understand how to live life and have done a fair job at
               | living it.
               | 
               | I am open-minded and open-hearted and love you and
               | everyone I encounter, and this is the result of decisions
               | I have made and practices I have performed. And I share
               | this with you all in love and respect and service, but
               | it's only my responsibility to lead you to the water. I
               | cannot make you drink, so my duty ends there, where also
               | ends my concern.
               | 
               | What I am saying to you is that you cannot understand my
               | perspective until you enter the Path of Love. I offer you
               | this out of no desire for myself, only for your happiness
               | and the happiness of those around you.
               | 
               | There's a reason you can not provide one cogent argument
               | to any of my detailed responses to you, and Occam's Razor
               | suggests why, and it has nothing whatsoever to do with
               | me. Dunning-Kruger is instructive, my friend, very
               | instructive, indeed.
               | 
               | We love you.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | Strictly speaking, you haven't offered anything to
               | respond to.
               | 
               | Just simply repeating things like :
               | 
               | - "there are unknowns" thus "god is the way"
               | 
               | - "the universe is beautiful, thus god"
               | 
               | - "Truth, Truth, Truth, I know the Truth, listen to me, I
               | know the Truth, you just need to realize it, you can't
               | see it, I can see it".
               | 
               | People have been repeating these same ideas for thousands
               | of years.
               | 
               | I think maybe you need help:
               | 
               | Mysticism and schizophrenia: Religious delusions are a
               | common symptom of schizophrenia, and can be difficult to
               | treat
               | 
               | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381
               | 001...
        
         | deadbabe wrote:
         | Just because we have not discovered an underlying reason behind
         | our compassion yet does not mean it is selfless.
        
         | vixen99 wrote:
         | You appear to have an unassailable belief in your own moral
         | arbitration as to what is compassionate.
        
           | MrMcCall wrote:
           | Or maybe I just know the truth? It's very difficult for
           | someone who denies reality to formulate any semblance of an
           | argument against the truth.
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | >Or maybe I just know the truth?
             | 
             | The evidence available to me suggests otherwise.
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | Only you can provide the evidence, my friend. The proof
               | of self-evolution is achieved through an open heart, open
               | mind, and a full commitment.
               | 
               | You have claimed you can't graduate college, but you
               | refuse to matriculate.
               | 
               | If you want to know how it's done, look through my
               | comment history. You will find the steps in the spiritual
               | development process I term the "Path of Love".
               | 
               | "The Way goes in." --Rumi
        
         | bix6 wrote:
         | Why are we the only creatures who can choose that?
         | 
         | Does a crow have no agency to be the first to food and
         | challenge the leader or the scout who keeps watch for the
         | others while they feast?
         | 
         | Can a dolphin not choose to align more closely with play than
         | rape?
         | 
         | It seems to me that animals have much more agency than we
         | choose to believe / allow.
        
           | MrMcCall wrote:
           | They always choose their instinct to survival; only we have a
           | conscience and free will to choose whether to behave
           | selflessly or selfishly.
           | 
           | Only we can think abstractly about the needs of the group,
           | the happiness of others.
        
         | sorokod wrote:
         | > Sometimes the predators are in the ascendancy, sometimes the
         | prey.
         | 
         | This statement has been modeled as the "predator-prey model":
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotka%E2%80%93Volterra_equatio...
        
         | bmitc wrote:
         | > We are the only creatures who can choose to manifest a
         | selflessly compassionate ethos
         | 
         | Many cetaceans' brains showcase extremely complex and large
         | insular cortex and neocortex regions of their brain, even when
         | compared on a relative scale to their rest of their brain
         | compared to human brains. Additionally, the complexity and
         | granular size of their folds are much more than human brains.
         | It is inconceivable that some of these cetaceans are not
         | capable of the emotions of humans. In fact, it's even a pretty
         | strong argument that these cetaceans possess _more_
         | intelligence and emotional regulation than humans.
        
           | MrMcCall wrote:
           | Well, they have a different environment with a greater need
           | for extremely close social groups, so sensitivity to emotion
           | may, indeed, be greater than ours in some ways.
           | 
           | That said, we have a conscience aka moral compass, a mind
           | capapble of abstract thought and comprehension of morality,
           | as well as a free will to choose whether or not to consider
           | someone else's happiness in our ideals, attitudes, and
           | behaviors.
           | 
           | Look at all the wonderful structures we design and build, and
           | then how awfully we treat out-groups. We are capable of so
           | much better, but why don't people give a sh_t?
           | 
           | I know why, and I've explained it in my comment history.
        
             | bmitc wrote:
             | There is zero indication and a plethora of evidence
             | otherwise that humans are unique in our thought patterns
             | and capability.
        
               | MrMcCall wrote:
               | Nocebo Effect.
        
       | eurekin wrote:
       | Is the sound part real? What frequencies are used to communicate
       | stress? Is this in range of anything I could connect to a
       | raspberry pico or arduino? My flowers desperately need answers :D
        
         | copperx wrote:
         | If I remember correctly, the frequency is ultrasonic. I'm not
         | having much luck with Google.
        
           | eurekin wrote:
           | Guessing that a ultrasonic microphone from a bioaccoustics
           | site should fit the bill - otherwise, what could researchers
           | pick themselves?
           | 
           | This one, for example, picks up to 200kHz for EUR1050:
           | 
           | https://avisoft.com/ultrasound-microphones/cm24-cmpa/
        
             | copperx wrote:
             | [delayed]
        
         | doublerabbit wrote:
         | There was research done, that annoys me I can't find the
         | bookmark. But you can measure communication using fungi as the
         | access point.
         | 
         | It's known that fungi can act as a trading point for plants in
         | that lend some, borrow some when plants are in need. If you
         | hook fungi to a device you can measure communication.
         | 
         | "Trees can communicate with each other through networks in
         | soil. Much like social networks or neural networks, the fungal
         | mycelia of mycorrhizas allow signals to be sent between trees
         | in a forest. These mycorrhizal networks are effectively an
         | information highway, with recent studies demonstrating the
         | exchange of nutritional resources, defence signals and
         | allelochemicals. Sensing and responding to networked signals
         | elicits complex behavioural responses in plants. This ability
         | to communicate ('tree talk') is a foundational process in
         | forest ecosystems."
         | 
         | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4497361/
         | 
         | And would highly recommend this book:
         | https://www.merlinsheldrake.com/entangled-life
        
           | vlz wrote:
           | > effectively an information highway
           | 
           | > exchange of nutritional resources, defence signals and
           | allelochemicals
           | 
           | Only one of these three things qualifies as "information" in
           | my book (defence signals). How is this an "information
           | highway"?
        
             | doublerabbit wrote:
             | Regardless if it's just one piece of information, defence
             | signals; If fungi are connected to a web of plants, trees
             | with communication transversing bi-directionally then it
             | would be very valid to call it an highway of information.
             | 
             | But fungi do more than that. They transfer energy and life
             | resources along the network too. Just as a highway carries
             | cargo.
             | 
             | It's just a metaphor.
        
         | littlebig_fox wrote:
         | Hi,
         | 
         | This is real! We started our startup based on this principle.
         | Do note that these emissions do not occur often, think about up
         | to 10-100 per hours in stress states. For a small background
         | read, read this (not our research):
         | https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00262-3
         | 
         | If you are interested I recommend using a MEMS microphone,
         | sampling at 384 or 500 kHz and triggering at frequencies
         | between 20-200 kHz.
         | 
         | There is several people who have made these solutions for
         | detecting bats using pico's: https://www.geeky-
         | gadgets.com/raspberry-pi-bat-detector-17-0...
         | 
         | If you want something off the shelf look into something like
         | this: https://batsound.com/
        
           | eurekin wrote:
           | That's perfect, thank you!
        
       | jjslocum3 wrote:
       | If a tree is distressed in the forest and there are no insects
       | there to hear it, does it make a sound?
        
       | jart wrote:
       | It is so utterly deranged and insane that NYT says plants are
       | making "mournful cries" when the source paper doesn't support
       | that. When I'm hungry the sounds my stomach makes on its own
       | isn't me weeping and wailing. When I'm flatulent that sound is
       | not a joyful scream.
        
         | someothherguyy wrote:
         | > NYT says
         | 
         | The author is Gennaro Tomma, a freelance journalist.
         | 
         | https://gennarotomma.it/
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | If a newspaper publishes something and it isn't under the
           | category "op-ed", that article carries the weight of the
           | paper.
        
             | softwreoutthere wrote:
             | Meh, publication bashing, IMO.
        
         | insane_dreamer wrote:
         | it's a colorful descriptive and the NYT isn't a scientific
         | journal; calm down
        
         | dd_xplore wrote:
         | > It is so utterly deranged and insane that NYT says plants are
         | making "mournful cries" when the source paper doesn't support
         | that. When I'm hungry the sounds my stomach makes on its own
         | isn't me weeping and wailing. When I'm flatulent that sound is
         | not a joyful scream.
         | 
         | Nytimes has never been reliable
        
         | rfw300 wrote:
         | The New York Times is relying on their audience's ability to
         | understand that plants are not conscious beings. "Mournful
         | cries" is just an evocative way of describing the auditory
         | signals plants produce under stress--which the article makes
         | clear. I can't understand what's so "deranged and insane" about
         | some stylistic flair.
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | >plants are not conscious beings.
           | 
           | Is that founded on a basis of scientific fact, or Human
           | Superiority Complex?
        
             | richardw wrote:
             | It's a fair assumption because there's no genetic benefit
             | to being a smart plant. Why would nature make that?
             | 
             | Opposable thumbs mean we have the ability to use smarts, so
             | genetics walked the path to consciousness over many
             | generations. A smarter horse is fine and all but not that
             | beneficial. Being faster or stronger or sexier is probably
             | better. Same with a plant: get more nutrients or sunlight.
             | There are cheaper ways than being smart to do that.
        
               | quonn wrote:
               | Right, but intelligence/smarts and consciousness are not
               | the same.
        
               | richardw wrote:
               | [delayed]
        
               | techas wrote:
               | It is not clear if there is a evolutionary benefit for
               | human to be conscious. Although here we are...
        
               | tripper_27 wrote:
               | Define "smart". And explain how "smart"=="conscious"
               | 
               | I can agree that there is no genetic benefit to being
               | able to move at the speed animals move, because that's
               | not how plants obtain food or avoid being eaten. Thus no
               | need for nerves or a CNS to coordinate movement.
        
               | richardw wrote:
               | [delayed]
        
             | quonn wrote:
             | We know for a fact that for humans consciousness only
             | exists in parts of the brain and can be turned off using
             | drugs, sleep and accidents.
             | 
             | It is almost certainly the same for all animals with a
             | brain.
             | 
             | Given the fact that plants have no brain it is a reasonable
             | assumption they have no consciousness. It may be wrong, but
             | given all evidence it is, so far, the best assumption.
             | 
             | We usually call assumptions based on our best current
             | understanding scientific facts.
        
               | tripper_27 wrote:
               | Alternative hypothesis: Given that plants do not have a
               | central nervous system, it is reasonable to expect they
               | have a distributed consciousness.
               | 
               | Recall that most plants avoid building single-purpose
               | organs, as the odds that 70-80% of the plant gets eaten
               | are high. Plants have evolved to survive massive loss of
               | body parts.
               | 
               | I've read some studies on plant consciousness which shows
               | that plant awareness can be turned off with anesthetics
        
               | block_dagger wrote:
               | Can you cite those studies please? Very interested.
        
           | jart wrote:
           | I don't know about you, but I already feel enough guilt about
           | how we eat animals. I even feel bad about throwing away a
           | stuffed animal. We don't need some journo shoving another
           | knife through our collective hearts about eating vegetables.
        
             | amaurose wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | lukas099 wrote:
               | > That day will come
               | 
               | You act so sure, yet your own post betrays that you know
               | it's not based on current evidence ("waiting for the
               | day...").
        
             | 9dev wrote:
             | There's a really simple way to rid you of the first kind of
             | guilt, though...
        
             | haswell wrote:
             | I don't think we should anthropomorphize plants to the
             | point where we feel guilty about eating them, but I do
             | think society as a whole is missing a kind of fundamental
             | respect for nature and discounts the complexity and
             | interestingness of plant life.
             | 
             | In a world where conserving nature is simultaneously
             | increasingly difficult and increasingly important, I don't
             | mind a bit of artistic license when it comes to
             | descriptions of plant life if it leads to more awareness
             | and more people thinking twice about plants and how we
             | treat natural ecosystems.
             | 
             | Obviously there's a balance to be struck though.
        
             | block_dagger wrote:
             | Are you saying ignorance is better than knowledge? As for
             | the guilt about eating animals, you have a personal choice
             | to make based on your values at every meal. Aside: I don't
             | see how a stuffed animal is related to the suffering of
             | real animals in factory farms; perhaps you are confusing
             | disparate ideas there.
        
         | uoaei wrote:
         | They're a pop news outlet, they assume that the average person
         | isn't questioning the nature of sentience on a regular basis.
        
         | cycomanic wrote:
         | > It is so utterly deranged and insane
         | 
         | And you are complaining about use of language? You might
         | disagree with the anthromorphism (a rather common technique)
         | used by the author, but your post is hyperbole. I hope you also
         | realise the irony, as you also use anthromorphism.
        
           | jart wrote:
           | You return from a 15 day hiatus to tell me this?
        
         | brushfoot wrote:
         | Agreed, especially given the idea of plants feeling pain has
         | been used to attempt to discredit or debunk vegetarian ethics--
         | even though it's not true in that sense.
         | 
         | Using a poetic descriptor like "mournful" in this context seems
         | out of place.
        
       | tejohnso wrote:
       | Okay so months can pick up ultrasonic sounds, plants emit such
       | sounds when stressed, and the moths prefer plants that aren't
       | emitting stress signals to increase likelihood of offspring
       | survival. Every part of that seems pretty amazing.
        
         | SequoiaHope wrote:
         | Yeah that's amazing! Plants and moths just co-evolving some
         | fascinating and beautiful traits.
         | 
         | That reminds me of this particularly beautiful section from one
         | of the newer Cosmos episodes, on how insects perceive light
         | reflected from flowers:
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/YJL63kv2_xg
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | I've been doing a lot of gardening the last couple of years and
       | it still surprises me how often when I'm cutting weeds a yellow
       | jacket will show up to see if there's anything to eat.
       | 
       | When they're hunting they seem to ignore humans entirely. I still
       | think hornets are generally assholes but I've come around a bit
       | on some species of wasp.
        
         | kiddico wrote:
         | The more I get into macro photography the more I realize
         | everyone is just trying to do their thing and survive.
         | 
         | Metric and northern paper wasps in particular strike me as
         | docile lil fellas.
        
         | passwordoops wrote:
         | Tonight on NOVA... The Hornet: Nature's Asshole
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Narrated by Bear Grylls.
        
       | notfed wrote:
       | This implies something: that AI could detect distressed plants.
       | No? I wonder what signals are audible.
        
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