[HN Gopher] Federal Court Says Dismantling a Phone to Install Fi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Federal Court Says Dismantling a Phone to Install Firmware Isn't a
       'Search'
        
       Author : hn_acker
       Score  : 238 points
       Date   : 2024-12-05 15:18 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.techdirt.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.techdirt.com)
        
       | hn_acker wrote:
       | The full title is:
       | 
       | > Federal Court Says Dismantling A Phone To Install Firmware
       | Isn't A 'Search,' Even If Was Done To Facilitate A Search
        
       | jerf wrote:
       | As the article says, it is probably a reasonable ruling, because
       | it isn't a search.
       | 
       | What you have to watch out for is the legal two-step, where they
       | do something like "install a firmware on the phone", which isn't
       | a search, and then, oh gosh, the firmware just happened to sit
       | there and flash all the contents of the phone on the screen
       | because that's what the firmware _does_ , we didn't actually
       | _search_ the phone, it just voluntarily dumped all its contents
       | to the screen, so that wasn 't a search either, so no search
       | occurred.
        
         | koolba wrote:
         | Does that mean that wiping the firmware or Secure Enclave would
         | not constitute destroying evidence?
         | 
         | How about installing firmware that will wipe the Secure Enclave
         | on boot? Especially if the secondary step of turning on the
         | device is done by the seizing authorities.
        
           | fwip wrote:
           | No, the judge would not be okay with that.
           | 
           | In the same way, shredding all your incriminating legal
           | documents into a fun jigsaw puzzle for the cops to put
           | together is also illegal.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | I mean, having firmware that securely wipes your phone in
             | case it's used by an unauthorized party is a reasonable and
             | desirable feature. It's not generally illegal to set that
             | up.
             | 
             | Same with destroying documents. Having a retention period
             | and destroying documents which have PII and could be used
             | for identity fraud is a good practice. It's not generally
             | illegal to do that either.
             | 
             | Where you get into trouble with the courts is when you have
             | a _specific_ obligation to retain or transfer information
             | and you destroy it instead.
        
               | wildzzz wrote:
               | It is illegal to intentionally destroy something that you
               | suspect could be evidence in a future criminal case
               | against you. Say you operate an illegal drug network from
               | a specific phone that you've intentionally setup to self-
               | destruct at reboot. Both you and the cops know there is
               | likely evidence on there that would implicate you. Then,
               | if you either intentionally reboot the phone or maybe the
               | battery dies while in police custody before they can
               | access it and the phone is wiped, you could be liable for
               | destruction of evidence. However, if it's just a standard
               | smartphone and you accidentally drop it in the toilet,
               | unintentionally destroying all evidence, you may not be
               | liable.
               | 
               | Basically, if you intentionally destroy evidence, either
               | actively passively, you're liable.
               | 
               | It is kind of a broad law and is difficult to prosecute
               | in many cases. The cops have to know that you did the
               | crime and prove that the evidence existed. If you
               | murdered someone and made it look like a suicide, the
               | cops would have to not only suspect you but also know
               | that you left fingerprints and DNA behind that are no
               | longer present.
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | Intent makes all the difference in the eyes of law.
               | 
               | If a jury of your peers decides that you configured that
               | firmware to protect your data from thieves, then it is
               | not a problem.
               | 
               | But if a jury of your peers doesn't buy your assertion of
               | that, and instead becomes convinced that you applied that
               | (otherwise reasonable and legitimate) feature with the
               | intent to destroy evidence of a crime so that it doesn't
               | reach the court, then setting it up was a felony.
        
         | LPisGood wrote:
         | This makes sense, and I actually believe that it isn't a
         | search. It is definitely a _seizure_ though and I do wonder how
         | often these two things are distinguished in law.
         | 
         | How often do the police raid a place and confiscate filing
         | cabinets but not look through them.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | The seizure was done pursuant to a warrant too. There's an
           | argument that, once the warrant extensions expired, keeping
           | the device in police custody constituted a continuing
           | seizure. But it doesn't seem like the defendant made that
           | argument (or at least the court didn't address that argument)
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | Usually one has to petition/request the return of seized
             | items. So it's not unusual that something is still held
             | until requested.
             | 
             | Usually instead of fixing what they have, they tend to
             | destroy it.
        
         | btilly wrote:
         | You and I disagree on reasonableness.
         | 
         | The government is here deliberately planning to take advantage
         | of a seizure to damage someone's personal possessions. The
         | right of that person to be secure in their possessions
         | therefore should require a higher standard from the government
         | than is required for mere temporary adverse possession after a
         | seizure.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | The government had a warrant to seize the device. It got
           | multiple warrant extensions trying to get into the device.
           | They determined it needed a logic board replacement. The
           | warrant extensions expired while that was being done. But the
           | government got a warrant to then actually access the data.
           | 
           | I fail to see how this doesn't satisfy even a high standard
           | of reasonableness.
        
             | fitblipper wrote:
             | Why do you feel that info is relevant? If my driver's
             | license expired yesterday and then I get pulled over while
             | I'm driving to the DMV today to get it renewed, should I
             | not get a citation?
             | 
             | Just because they had permission before and after their
             | actions took place doesn't make it ok if they didn't have
             | permission at the time of the action. To say otherwise
             | seems to be begging for abuse of a loophole. I guess that's
             | why they had to claim the action wasn't one a warrant was
             | required for...
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | It's relevant for the same reason it's relevant in your
               | driver's license example. You drive somewhere while your
               | license is valid. Then you replace the car battery, which
               | has died. Then you renew your license, and drive
               | somewhere else. Have you done anything wrong? No, because
               | you need a license to drive the car, not to repair the
               | car.
               | 
               | Same thing here. The government needs a warrant to seize
               | the device or search for information on the device. Does
               | it need a warrant to repair a broken device that it has
               | properly seized, before then getting a warrant to search
               | the device?
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | It's not relevant for the same reason that it isn't
               | relevant in the driver's license example.
               | 
               | If you don't have a license, then get a friend to drive
               | you. Or get an Uber. But you can't drive yourself. If you
               | do, no matter how reasonable you feel your case was,
               | you'll be in trouble.
               | 
               | In this case, they had an inoperable device, and they had
               | a judge. Absolutely nothing stopped them from filing for
               | yet another warrant and then proceeding only when they
               | actually had it. But no. They wanted to skip their
               | paperwork. They shouldn't get to.
               | 
               | The paperwork exists for a reason. That reason is why we
               | shouldn't retroactively hand out warrants. And that's why
               | we shouldn't do it here. The fruit of the tree and all
               | that. The government knows how to do it right, and
               | absolutely shouldn't. They don't get to beg a friendly
               | judge for forgiveness later. They had no excuse for not
               | simply doing it completely right.
        
               | LorenPechtel wrote:
               | The repair is a repair, not a search. No data was
               | obtained.
               | 
               | I do have a problem with this, but only because of the
               | time. The cops shouldn't get to take ages to examine
               | stuff unless there's a huge amount of stuff to examine.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | But they did not simply "repair" it. They added something
               | that leaves the device more vulnerable. Not just to the
               | government, but to anyone with access to the toolkit that
               | the police are trying to use. Which includes foreign
               | actors and random hackers.
               | 
               | No, attempting to create a damaged version should not
               | count as repair. Nor should we be lightly OKing the
               | government's desire to do so.
        
               | subroutine wrote:
               | There is no law stating the government cant repair a
               | broken device that was seized as evidence, while having a
               | lapsed search warrant.
               | 
               | There is a law against searching a device without a valid
               | warrant.
               | 
               | The judge ruled that repairing a device seized as
               | evidence is not a search.
               | 
               | I'm failing to see what the government did, that was
               | against any law or policy.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | >Does it need a warrant to repair a broken device that it
               | has properly seized
               | 
               | Logically, yes. If you borrow someone's car to drive it,
               | you don't have permission to change out the stereo.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | I agree with this perspective, but think we're going to hit
           | tension between right to repair and hardening devices against
           | threat actors who have physical access to your device.
           | Apple's move with the inactivity reboot timer is a step in
           | the right direction, but a mode or option to wipe or
           | otherwise destroy all my data if tampering is detected
           | (device is opened) would be welcome (even if it means one is
           | then unable to repair the device). Replacing one's device
           | will always be cheaper than any prolonged interaction with US
           | law enforcement or the US judicial system.
        
         | taneq wrote:
         | Breaking down the door of a house isn't a search. Activating an
         | autonomous drone in front of the house which then enters
         | through the door of its own volition and records everything it
         | sees in the house isn't a search. And if I make a chomping
         | motion in the air near a donut and it decides to enter my mouth
         | while I'm chomping then I haven't illegally taken a bite of the
         | donut.
        
           | nyeah wrote:
           | I sense irony here, but I'm American so it's hard to be sure.
        
             | taneq wrote:
             | I dunno if irony is exactly the right word (but that's a
             | complex discussion and probably any call would be category-
             | error-ish anyway) but I was aiming for a Simpsons
             | reference. :D
        
         | ortusdux wrote:
         | I guess I can understand the argument that picking a lock does
         | not count as a search, but the second you open the door...
        
           | qup wrote:
           | Like removing the doorframe and putting in your own new door
           | that doesn't lock, then walking inside
        
           | tiahura wrote:
           | is when they got the warrant
        
             | ortusdux wrote:
             | I guess that is the question. If the police are confident
             | that they will have a warrant in 30 minutes, can they have
             | a locksmith unlock the door while they wait?
        
               | BobaFloutist wrote:
               | I would say no, because the whole point of the warrant is
               | to remove the police's judgement from the equation. If
               | they're taking action based on their expectation that
               | they'll get it, that's kind of an end-run around the
               | stated purpose.
        
           | thayne wrote:
           | What if picking the lock damages the lock?
        
             | yencabulator wrote:
             | Yeah. It might not be a search, but it's _something_ , and
             | the logical question is to ask under what authority can
             | that be done.
        
         | gnfargbl wrote:
         | Ah, but standard firmware doesn't do that; the agency
         | performing the action would need to have developed custom
         | firmware which "just happened" to show the information when
         | installed. Courts tend to see through those kinds of shams.
        
         | wbl wrote:
         | No that would be a search. Judges really don't like having
         | these games played.
        
           | jerf wrote:
           | A sane judge, yes. A judge searching for a fig leaf, perhaps
           | not.
           | 
           | Call me cynical if you like. It won't bother me.
        
             | wbl wrote:
             | The judge can just grant the warrant if they want. PC is a
             | low bar.
        
       | mindslight wrote:
       | Independent of the legal nuance being worked out here, it is
       | quite fucked up that the government can just demolish your entire
       | digital infrastructure and then keep the pieces indefinitely.
       | Imagine if they applied the same standard to your dwelling
       | itself. "Sorry you can't live here for the next few years because
       | a crime might have been committed. Go buy another house. Or not,
       | we don't care".
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | Maybe you haven't heard of civil forfeiture?
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_forfeiture_in_the_Unit...
        
           | mindslight wrote:
           | I don't know why you would think that might be a possibility
           | given the venue we are on.
           | 
           | Government has also demolished people's actual homes in the
           | course of "crime fighting" and then refused to pay/fix them
           | as well (that notorious case in Colorado comes to mind). But
           | surely you can see there is still a distinction between
           | things that happen infrequently, often with limited scope, or
           | still at least with some semblance of a legal process, and
           | what happens _routinely_ to people accused of  "digital
           | crimes".
           | 
           | It should go without saying that I think _all_ of these
           | dynamics are terrible, and in dire need of reform. But at
           | least civil forfeiture and  "qualified" (nee sovereign)
           | immunity are getting talked about, while the totalitarian
           | approach to personal digital infrastructure isn't getting so
           | much attention.
        
         | sidewndr46 wrote:
         | What'd really be a shame is if the police could just show up
         | one day and blow up your house. And then just leave
         | 
         | https://www.denverpost.com/2020/03/11/colorado-swat-house-de...
        
           | mindslight wrote:
           | I don't get the point to this reflexive whataboutism. Yes,
           | that dynamic exists and it is bad too. (I referenced that
           | event in a follow up comment, thanks for providing a specific
           | link)
           | 
           | And at least that event had some condemnation in the media,
           | as opposed to the routine destruction of digital personal
           | lives escaping criticism _even on techdirt_.
        
       | btilly wrote:
       | What happens if we take this as precedent?
       | 
       | Dismantling a safe to facilitate a search, isn't a search. So
       | it's allowed, even if the safe is left damaged.
       | 
       | Tearing a house apart to facilitate a search, isn't a search. So
       | it's allowed, even if the house is left damaged.
       | 
       | Disassembling a car to facilitate a search, isn't a search. So
       | it's allowed, even if the car never runs the same later.
       | 
       | Meanwhile you'll find me in the corner that reads the 4th
       | Amendment as follows:
       | 
       |  _The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses,
       | papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,
       | shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon
       | probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and
       | particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons
       | or things to be seized._
       | 
       | I think that if the result of a seizure is the potential
       | permanent damage of my property, then my right to be secure in my
       | possessions should be defended by demanding a higher standard
       | from the government than that required for a mere temporary
       | possession after a seizure. That principle applies just as much
       | to electronics as it does to any physical item.
        
         | modernpacifist wrote:
         | > The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
         | houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and
         | seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue,
         | but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and
         | particularly describing the place to be searched, and the
         | persons or things to be seized.
         | 
         | If they have a search warrant then a judge has, from a legal
         | perspective, determined that the request/search is reasonable.
         | So while you have the right to secure against unreasonable
         | cases I think it is a reasonable trade off that those security
         | mechanisms/processes/etc should either be removed by yourself
         | or you should expect them to be removed for you.
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | I don't know what fantasy world you live in but the police
           | don't ask you to remove your security mechanisms yourself.
           | Your likely to catch a charge for destruction of evidence if
           | you do that along with a bunch of other related charges
        
         | Dylan16807 wrote:
         | If you want to get a close analogy, they already used a warrant
         | to seize the safe/house/car, and already searched it a couple
         | times and still have possession, so that makes a pretty big
         | difference.
        
       | rayiner wrote:
       | The article's headline is rather misleading (I assume
       | unintentionally), because it omits that the actual seizure and
       | data access was done pursuant to warrants. Only the repair and
       | firmware update was performed during a donut hole when one
       | warrant had expired before another was granted.
       | 
       | Here, the government obtained multiple, time-limited warrants to
       | search the device, but was unable to get into it. They sent it to
       | be repaired. After the warrant extension expired, the repair guy
       | fixed it and updated the firmware. (The record doesn't say what
       | version the firmware was, but it seems like it was standard
       | firmware, not some special forensic firmware.) The next day, the
       | government again obtained a warrant. Only after doing so did the
       | government perform the search.
       | 
       | In this unusual situation, it's reasonable to conclude that the
       | device repair wasn't a search. The seizure and the data access
       | were both performed pursuant to a warrant. The only part that
       | wasn't covered by the warrant was just fixing the device in a
       | seemingly conventional way to get it working again.
       | 
       | Original decision here, pages 3-4 has the relevant facts:
       | https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/25423841/no-disassemb...
        
         | chefandy wrote:
         | I agree that most readers won't really 'get it' by reading the
         | headline, and appreciate your useful addition so we all can get
         | some context without the click, but in defense of the author, I
         | think writing layperson-accessible headlines for technical
         | legal articles is often impossible. Having attempted to make
         | interfaces and applications that made raw legal data useful for
         | laypeople, including with NN summaries and such, if there's a
         | meaningfully better solution, I sure couldn't find it after a
         | few years of work. For the same reason reading case law doesn't
         | effectively help laypeople represent themselves in court, you
         | need context and background knowledge to make sense of legal
         | concepts. (If you've ever seen an overconfident 'sovereign
         | citizen' cite opinions in court while representing themself,
         | you've seen why. And while most are obviously under-educated
         | for the task, they're probably not unintelligent and they
         | clearly put a lot of effort into it.) To people used to reading
         | legal texts and familiar with the trajectory of decisions in
         | this space, the headline makes sense, and I think that's
         | probably the best you can do. Trying to construct a headline
         | that's representative while also giving laypeople the
         | background and context they need to make sense of the topic
         | becomes way too long to be a headline long before it
         | accomplishes it's goal.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | Yes, I wouldn't know how to explain all that in a headline
           | either! Unfortunately the word "misleading" has multiple
           | connotations--I wasn't saying the author was trying to
           | deliberately mislead, but rather that the reader shouldn't
           | conclude too much based on the headline alone.
        
             | chefandy wrote:
             | Sure, that makes sense. Additionally, whether something is
             | misleading had as much to do with the person reading it as
             | the person writing it.
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | The author probably didn't come up with the headline, the
           | editor did. It's one thing if the Office of Legislative
           | Counsel tries and fails to come up with a succinct one liner,
           | it's another when an editor driven entirely by clickbait
           | economic incentives does it. The latter rarely even try to be
           | accurate.
        
             | pc86 wrote:
             | I do sometimes wish articles had information in the byline
             | about who wrote the headline as well as just the article,
             | or that it became standard practice for authors to write
             | the headlines as well.
        
             | dcrazy wrote:
             | It's Techdirt. The author and editor are the same person.
        
             | chefandy wrote:
             | Can you propose a more appropriate one? I can't think of
             | one that is still headline length.
        
               | Bjartr wrote:
               | "Federal court says merely repairing a seized device
               | isn't a search"
               | 
               | I think that's a bit better
        
               | weaksauce wrote:
               | "federal court decides that repairing a phone's firmware
               | during a period of lapsed warrants is not an
               | unconstitutional search" maybe?
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | Is it a "mere" repair when they crack open your device
               | swap out the main board and replace the firmware? Imagine
               | that their "search" turned up nothing? You'd still be
               | left unable to get your device back intact or unaltered.
               | Should the government be able to swap out hardware
               | components and install whatever firmware they like on
               | them without a court order? People have their own reasons
               | for selecting the hardware that they do and for not
               | installing certain firmware. Should the police be able to
               | install firmware that isn't official?
               | 
               | "merely repairing" seems misleading given what this
               | allows for.
        
               | unreal37 wrote:
               | They clearly hacked the device.
               | 
               | In fact, maybe they "repaired" it by installing an older,
               | hackable firmware.
        
           | pc86 wrote:
           | Sovereign citizenry and misquoting admiralty law in your
           | hearing about driving without valid registration or saying
           | the court doesn't have jurisdiction because the flag has gold
           | fringe on it is so close to mental illness it's hard to
           | assign concepts like "smart" or "dumb" to it.
        
             | ronsor wrote:
             | Sovereign citizen activities basically have no correlation
             | with intelligence or political views. It's such a strange
             | category of weirdness.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Some people like to portray petty mostly victimless
               | lawlessness as sovereign citizen shenanigans as a means
               | to discredit the reasoning that lead to those people to
               | decide not to follow the law.
               | 
               | Not everyone who doesn't get a building permit or a
               | fishing license is a sovereign citizen.
        
               | pas wrote:
               | By what definition of intelligence? :)
               | 
               | It seems like a waste of time at best. But have any
               | sovereign citizen got what they wanted at the end of any
               | kind of proceeding?
               | 
               | It seems like a very bad strategy to solve their own
               | selfish problems. (DUI, speeding, not paying taxes, going
               | against gun regulations, etc.)
               | 
               | And this strategy is usually coming from being
               | unfortunately so tragically misinformed that they cannot
               | help but reject the boring standard model of reality for
               | a bouquet of conspiracy theories.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | They do "win" sometimes. The rational person just pays
               | the ticket. The sovcit demands a jury trial and, rarely,
               | gets a win when a deal is offered or a witness fails to
               | show. And often just having the proceeding is the win.
               | They get off on being the center of attention. Defending
               | themselves in court is the one time all the important
               | people have to listen to them. They enjoy it.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | Do you not have to pay court costs if you're convicted?
               | That's a pretty bad gamble if you get convicted maybe 90%
               | of the time?
        
             | notjulianjaynes wrote:
             | In the past I have considered pursuing litigation pro se
             | because it is very difficult to find an attorney willing to
             | take a public records case on contingency. The stereotype
             | that anyone who represents themselves in court must be a
             | soverign loon or think they're Will Hunting is one reason I
             | did not do so. It is not ideal, but neither is not having
             | access to the justice system due to not having a bunch of
             | money to burn.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | I represented myself pro se in a civil matter that really
               | should have been in small claims but was in superior
               | court because of the remedy being sought by the
               | plaintiff.
               | 
               | It went fine, ended in settlement in my favor.
        
             | EvanAnderson wrote:
             | I would love to know the origin of the "gold fringe" bit,
             | specifically. I remember hearing about that in the 90s.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | It has something to do with (incorrectly believing) what
               | laws apply to what court based on the type of flag. This
               | is from memory so may be wrong but I seem to recall it
               | being basically if there is gold fringe, the court is
               | in/part of a different jurisdiction, and the procedures
               | are different, and as such the (actually correct)
               | procedures the judge and prosecutors follow are viewed as
               | incorrect by the SC.
        
               | c22 wrote:
               | https://starspangledflags.com/did-you-know-what-gold-
               | fringe-...
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | https://youtu.be/i0rL0ukZmf0
               | 
               | https://www.flags.com/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-
               | about...
               | 
               | >> While some people believe that the fringe has symbolic
               | meaning, its primary purpose is ornamental, giving the
               | flag an air of distinction and honor. Fringed flags are
               | usually displayed on indoor flagpoles, though they may
               | also be used in parades or during other ceremonial
               | presentations. It's important to note that these flags
               | are not typically flown outside, as the fringe is not
               | designed to withstand outdoor weather conditions.
               | 
               | In short: people get confused because they only see the
               | fringe on special occasions or indoors as in courtrooms.
               | It has no meaning.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | It isnt mental illness. Having incorrect beliefs is
             | different than being insane. But it is a mental heath issue
             | that leads people to adopt these beliefs. Be it flat earth,
             | Qanon or Sovcit, people under stress will reach out to
             | conspiracy theories in an attempt to regain a sense of
             | community and control whilst thier lives are otherwise
             | going off the rails. The beliefs are the symptom, not the
             | disease.
             | 
             | With sovcit specifically, there is also a rational layer.
             | Many people think the law some sort of elite club where
             | mastery of a secret language can allow one to escape legal
             | scrutiny. This comes from TV and the news that never
             | explain the nuance of legal practice. They arent insane,
             | just very incorrectly educated. Rosa parks was not insane.
             | She knew she was breaking the law. The rational sovcit
             | thinks themselves the next Rosa Parks, but mistakenly
             | believe that means they cannot be arrested. Rational but
             | wrong.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _people think the law some sort of elite club where
               | mastery of a secret language can allow one to escape
               | legal scrutiny_
               | 
               |  _pc86_ didn't say sovereign citizenry is mental illness
               | _per se_. They said it's indistinguishable from mental
               | illness if pursued all the way to a hearing. At that
               | point, enough flags have been intentionally ignored to
               | validly cross into delusion.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | But i would say they are very distinguishable. The man
               | who drives as 85mph because the spiders are chasing him
               | is insane. The man who drives as 85mph because facebook
               | told him that the state lacks jurisdiction over roads
               | painted with yellow lines is not. The incorrect behavior
               | (speeding) is identical but the overall situation is very
               | distinguishable.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _man who drives as 85mph because facebook told him that
               | the state lacks jurisdiction over roads painted with
               | yellow lines_
               | 
               | This is a stretch, but possible. It breaks when that man
               | is pulled over, cited, given the opportunity to research
               | or consider another viewpoint, and then shows up in court
               | to plead that case. That's invisible-spiders levels of
               | delusion, and while it may not be caused by a chemical or
               | physical problem in the brain, it's indistinguishable
               | from it.
        
               | jfengel wrote:
               | As I read the original comment, it sounds as if they
               | meant that continuing to insist that you were legally in
               | the right is the problem. Being gullible is one thing.
               | Insisting on your gullible belief when it's about to
               | result in a prison sentence comes much closer to
               | "invisible spider" territory.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | >The man who drives as 85mph because the spiders are
               | chasing him is insane. The man who drives as 85mph
               | because facebook told him that the state lacks
               | jurisdiction over roads painted with yellow lines is not.
               | 
               | They are both insane, just in different ways. Sane people
               | don't just automatically believe random stuff from
               | facebook that is contrary to everything they know and
               | have been taught.
        
               | pas wrote:
               | How can you think you're breaking a law that does not
               | apply to you?
               | 
               | > They arent insane, just very incorrectly educated.
               | 
               | Well, they can be both. The test of insanity is to see
               | what happens as they are faced with the usual adversity
               | that comes with these beliefs. Are they capable of
               | learning or keep doing something that every sane person
               | recognizes will certainly lead to ruin (or at least
               | failure)?
        
               | greenavocado wrote:
               | > Many people think the law some sort of elite club where
               | mastery of a secret language can allow one to escape
               | legal scrutiny.
               | 
               | Freemasons exist and your judges, lawyers, and cops are
               | freemasons.
               | 
               | (1/3) https://www.travelingtemplar.com/2017/05/justices-
               | of-supreme...
               | 
               | (2/3) https://www.travelingtemplar.com/2017/06/justices-
               | of-supreme...
               | 
               | (3/3) https://www.travelingtemplar.com/2017/09/justices-
               | of-supreme...
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | >Freemasons exist and your judges, lawyers, and cops are
               | freemasons.
               | 
               | Sure, but they don't have a secret language that allows
               | them to escape legal scrutiny. Freemasonry isn't even an
               | elite club, they'll take pretty much anyone willing to
               | pay the dues and memorize some stuff.
        
               | greenavocado wrote:
               | Not talking about lower levels here because those are the
               | commoners. High ranking freemasons such as those found in
               | positions of power are obligated to get each other out of
               | trouble to the greatest effort possible given the
               | circumstances.
        
           | throwawaycities wrote:
           | I've attending 1,000's of arraignments, motion calendars and
           | pleas.
           | 
           | In all my experience I've seen 2 pro se defendants pull the
           | "I'm a sovereign" spiel. Credit to them they both turned what
           | should have been a 5 minute hearing into at least 15 minute
           | circuses refusing to even announce their names for the
           | record. Both were threatened with being held in contempt
           | before the Judges passed on their cases and made them wait to
           | hear the other matters on the docket.
           | 
           | Truly fascinating & unusual events and people, I think if you
           | draw a vin diagram mental illness and Dunning-Kruger Effect
           | these folks would be the overlap.
        
             | chefandy wrote:
             | For sure. I think part of it is what happens when Dunning-
             | Krueger strikes someone confident and charismatic enough to
             | teach their ill-conceived ideas to others who find the idea
             | appealing enough to take it and run with it. A runaway
             | bullshit train. Eventually it becomes widespread enough to
             | become "conventional wisdom" to to some groups and most
             | people don't question conventional wisdom imparted by
             | people they trust. It seems a lot of conspiracy theories
             | work that way.
        
               | throwawaycities wrote:
               | Natural result of YouTube scholars learning "appeal to
               | authority" logic fallacy - it somehow becomes reasonable
               | to reject any and all authorities while simultaneously
               | accepting any single YouTube video as truth.
        
           | psunavy03 wrote:
           | There's a huge gray area between "not understanding the law"
           | and "being competent to litigate a case in court." It is
           | entirely possible for non-lawyers to understand the gist of
           | the law at a high level. And thus it's not acceptable to
           | tolerate misleading headlines about legal decisions any more
           | than it is to tolerate misleading headlines about any other
           | decision. And God knows I've seen enough of them about other
           | issues that are within my realm of professional expertise.
           | 
           | The problem is that our system as currently set up does not
           | incentivize reporters working a "beat" for years where they
           | develop enough domain expertise on a field to report on it
           | competently. If we had actual senior legal reporters, senior
           | national security reporters, senior tech reporters, and so
           | on, they would have enough knowledge of those fields to
           | effectively write for laypeople.
        
             | nightpool wrote:
             | > The problem is that our system as currently set up does
             | not incentivize reporters working a "beat" for years where
             | they develop enough domain expertise on a field to report
             | on it competently. If we had actual senior legal reporters,
             | senior national security reporters, senior tech reporters,
             | and so on, they would have enough knowledge of those fields
             | to effectively write for laypeople.
             | 
             | How does this apply to Techdirt? Tim Cushing has been a
             | staff writer at techdirt for 12 years and works heavily on
             | a legal, civil liberties/policy beat with a tech
             | perspective. By your criteria, he should be a perfect
             | example of journalists who have enough knowledge to
             | effectively write for laypeople.
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | I didn't say they don't exist. I said the system does not
               | incentivize for that.
        
         | stonemetal12 wrote:
         | It doesn't seem misleading to me just overly technical for no
         | reason.
         | 
         | Something like "Court Says Repairing Seized Phone isn't a
         | Search" conveys the same meaning with fewer technical details,
         | but is a little no duh. To me that is just as click bait-ish,
         | because I would want to know who was dumb enough to try that as
         | a defense, or wonder what the actual situation was.
        
           | thayne wrote:
           | Was it just a repair, or did they install custom firmware? It
           | isn't really clear from the article, and that seems like it
           | would make a big difference.
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | The forensics report suggests the device was reflashed with
             | its normal firmware, and a different set of forensics tools
             | were used to access the device once it was repaired.
             | 
             | > I brought both devices to the Newberg-Dundee Police
             | Department Digital Forensics Lab and evaluated the iPhone 6
             | for function. I connected the device to power via the
             | lightning connector and found it drew electrical current
             | indicating it was attempting to charge the battery however
             | the screen remained black. I attempted to power the device
             | on with no change on the device screen. I located an
             | identical model donor phone an A1549 and verified the donor
             | device functioned properly. To eliminate the possibility of
             | a hardware issue on the evidence device, I swapped the
             | circuit board from the evidence device into the housing of
             | the known good donor device. I attempted to boot the device
             | however the screen remained black. I could tell the device
             | was booting because it drew current when powered directly
             | from a power supply however it was not booting normally. I
             | was able to cycle the device between DFU mode and recovery
             | modes but was unable to get to boot into a normal state and
             | there was no change on the devices screen. Because the
             | device would not boot normally or light the display, I
             | believed there was likely and issue with the device
             | firmware. I used a repair tool to re-flash the devices
             | firmware. After the re-flashing repair process the device
             | booted normally to the screen requesting the passcode. The
             | board swap and firmware re-flashing processes do not change
             | the user data on the device. During the board swap process,
             | I only reassembled the device to a condition sufficient to
             | make the device function.
             | 
             | > After receiving the copy of the search warrant, I
             | connected the iPhone 6 to an advanced forensic extraction
             | tool (Graykey). I used the passcode 070106 obtained from
             | the previous extraction of the iPhone XS to unlock the
             | device and obtained a Full File System extraction from the
             | iPhone 6.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | Since I had to look it up:
         | 
         |  _pursuant_ : in accordance with (a law or a legal document or
         | resolution). "conversations that they wiretap pursuant to court
         | order"
        
           | Suppafly wrote:
           | Are you new to learning English or have you managed to not
           | come across it before?
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | > _The only part that wasn't covered by the warrant_ was just
         | fixing the device in a seemingly conventional way to get it
         | working again.
         | 
         | By 'the only part that wasn't covered', I think you meant "The
         | only part that _wasn 't within a warrant period_" (as opposed
         | to _not falling the scope of one of the warrants_ ).
         | 
         | Assuming that, this is what I think you are considering.
         | Are the constitutional safeguards of these warrants reasonably
         | satisfied here?
         | 
         | Instead, I believe the following is the matter for concern
         | here.                   By declaring a repair               [a
         | repair which occurred to enable and assist a search for
         | incriminating evidence]               to not be a search (to
         | not be an action that merits 4th amendment protections)
         | a court establishes that LEO are now free to forcefully perform
         | certain evidence gathering actions on private devices without a
         | warrant - as long as those actions can be construed as a
         | 'repair'.
        
         | Suppafly wrote:
         | >In this unusual situation, it's reasonable to conclude that
         | the device repair wasn't a search.
         | 
         | I'm more comfortable concluding that it's an _illegal_ search
         | than I am concluding that it 's not a search at all. During the
         | period that the warrant(s) didn't apply, it should have been
         | sitting in a sealed evidence bag and not being modified by a
         | 3rd party. The law doesn't and shouldn't make provisions for
         | "eh, it's probably not a big deal, we'll probably get another
         | warrant".
        
       | Pxtl wrote:
       | So if the government bugs your car and home but doesn't turn the
       | bug on, is that a search?
        
         | Clubber wrote:
         | Yes and I believe if you remove it, they can charge you with
         | theft.
        
           | rolph wrote:
           | [0] Is It Considered Theft if You Remove a Law Enforcement
           | G.P.S. Tracking Device from Your Automobile?[2020]
           | 
           | https://www.wimmercriminaldefense.com/is-it-considered-
           | theft...
        
         | ezfe wrote:
         | No, and there's actually an analogy: phone taps. The "bug" is
         | already installed, they just need the warrant to turn it on.
        
           | rangestransform wrote:
           | we found out that "lawful" intercept is a lie recently, and
           | it left a gaping hole in our infrastructure
           | 
           | can we please encrypt everything and turn off government
           | access for all communications now
        
       | yapyap wrote:
       | Federal court is stupid,
        
       | throwawaycities wrote:
       | This will be great legal precedent for the courts to extend to
       | implanting neuralink style chips in your brain - although a
       | neuralink chip may facilitate a future search and seizures (pun
       | intended), the installation of the chip itself is neither a
       | search nor a seizure; therefore, the 4th Amendment does not apply
        
       | WaitWaitWha wrote:
       | Couple of notes on this:
       | 
       | 52 devices _could_ mean a phone, a tablet, and 50 USBs, SD cards,
       | and such.
       | 
       | The problem with loading firmware to permit is the potential
       | damage to the evidence and the potential to imply that the
       | evidence was planted.
       | 
       | The vast majority of the cell phone hacking involves loading
       | material into at least into memory and often modify the boot load
       | sequence. This is how all that I worked with (e.g., Cellebrite,
       | Magnet, MSAB, Oxygen, AccessData) function.
       | 
       | damage: I have toasted devices by hooking them up to forensic
       | tools, mobile phones and more.
       | 
       | planted evidence: There have been several challenges to this (I
       | think US v. Ganias), and let's not forget the Casey Anthony trial
       | where they argued that the forensic tool CacheBack reliability.
       | Not surprisingly, F/LOSS tools are better defense for this than
       | black-box commercial ones.
       | 
       | The more complex the evidence collection, the more likely damage
       | can occur, or planted evidence can be argued.
        
       | julianeon wrote:
       | It seems like the writing is on the wall.
       | 
       | There will be some Official Ruling that you can't do this
       | (probably antiquated 20th century) thing because that constitutes
       | an Unlawful Search or whatever. Thank you to the Constitution for
       | protecting our freedoms, etc.
       | 
       | Meanwhile, there will be a much more powerful way to achieve that
       | goal using a smartphone, which is 100x more subtle and effective,
       | which will be legal because technically it doesn't cross the big
       | red line. There will be some arcane logic here that only a lawyer
       | could love, but it will amount to 20th century technique =
       | banned, 21st century cellphone technique = fine. So everyone will
       | do that.
       | 
       | It'll just get more pronounced over time.
        
         | wbl wrote:
         | Look at Katz to see the opposite.
        
           | salawat wrote:
           | I second this. That kind of trickery is absolutely obvious to
           | the judiciary, and as of yet Katz hasn't been overturned,
           | even if it has been at times pointedly ignored.
        
       | renecito wrote:
       | I'd guess that's the criteria to make government mandated
       | backdoors legal.
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | nah, appeal. reviving it involved modifying someone's personal
       | property.
       | 
       | I like that this is in the 9th circuit so I think the defendant
       | and this country's subjects will get a favorable ruling
       | 
       | people ask me how much I want to make: enough to take any cases
       | through federal appeals court
        
         | singleshot_ wrote:
         | Analogize to those cases where they seize an inoperative gun
         | and then go to certain, specific lengths to make the gun
         | operate before charging the possessor with possession of a
         | (potentially) operative gun.
         | 
         | Distinguishable because it's not a search. Can you draw a rule
         | from this?
        
           | yieldcrv wrote:
           | I would argue that what theyre doing is outside of the scope
           | of the warrant they already used, and also possible that the
           | defendant asked the wrong question for this challenge
           | 
           | And that those other cases should have been challenged too,
           | if they weren't
           | 
           | I've seen too many things that were either difficult to
           | challenge or only affected people too poor to challenge, to
           | just accept a common practice because its common. I will
           | accept prior case law from federal appeals courts though
           | 
           | I feel like there should be a limitation on government power
           | here either way as they changed the circuitry and firmware.
           | they should at least give more information about the
           | firmware, for mounting a defense we should have information
           | about the firmware itself
        
       | dhx wrote:
       | Is this ruling effectively that it's irrelevant whether or not a
       | warrant existed to modify the iPhone 6 because in this case,
       | there is no loss to the claimant from that modification having
       | been made? How much would an old second hand broken iPhone 6 that
       | needs repair sell for? ... not much. Yet the repair carried out
       | has seemingly significantly increased the value of the iPhone 6.
       | The only argument that otherwise comes to mind is an iPhone 6
       | with an old and very specific version of firmware could be more
       | valuable due to rarity and people are transacting them for
       | $20,000 on eBay because of that firmware version's ability to be
       | rooted. Yet an eBay confirms this is seemingly not the case.
       | Perhaps though there is a non-insignificant cost to buying and
       | selling 20 or 50 iPhone 6's off eBay before finding one with an
       | old enough firmware version installed?
        
       | Sparkyte wrote:
       | It isn't, but it should be illegal to repair or modify something
       | you do not own without the consent of the owner. You wouldn't
       | rent an apartment only to put 10k renovations into it? I mean
       | lets be real that is practically illegal.
        
       | radicaldreamer wrote:
       | This was an iPhone 6, so I assume that the logic board change
       | enabled brute force passcode searches. This was fixed in a
       | subsequent update to the secure enclave, so this is less likely
       | to work on the latest devices.
        
       | sharpshadow wrote:
       | Maybe Apple was right after all with their iPhone refusing any
       | replacement parts.
        
       | ReptileMan wrote:
       | Fair game. The government shouldn't be able to force you to
       | unlock a device. Even with fingerprint or face. But it is totally
       | ok to get inside any way they can.
        
       | 015a wrote:
       | Unrelated to the ruling: Why is the Department of Homeland
       | Security investigating and pursuing a CSAM case in the first
       | place? Isn't that more FBI's jurisdiction?
        
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