[HN Gopher] Grifters, believers, grinders, and coasters
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Grifters, believers, grinders, and coasters
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 169 points
       Date   : 2024-12-04 17:52 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.seangoedecke.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.seangoedecke.com)
        
       | encoderer wrote:
       | People are multi-dimensional.
       | 
       | I'm 42 and I've been all of these things at different times.
        
         | conqrr wrote:
         | Same for me at different time. But I also believe I have a
         | natural state to gravitate if the environment provides for.
        
         | syntheticnature wrote:
         | I think the article sort-of says this near the end, mainly in
         | hinting that continuous grinding can be a problem.
        
         | koasterz wrote:
         | > I'm 42 and I've been all of these things at different times.
         | 
         | Believer - When you first join the company and they sell you on
         | the vision
         | 
         | Grinder - You work hard for a year or two to make a difference
         | 
         | Coaster - You realize you wont get promoted, they company will
         | always have no money on the bonus pool, except for the execs.
         | And that the company will go on by sheer force of momentum, not
         | by your grinding.
         | 
         | Grifter - You see the company hire friend after friend of
         | execs, friends' kids as interns, friends' wives as Executive
         | Directors, execs' girlfriends as "Chief of Staff" - and you
         | realize you need to get something too, so you use company time
         | to form your own startup.
         | 
         | Now you repeat the cycle, except you are the person at the top
         | and someone else goes thru these stages.
        
           | dmarlow wrote:
           | > You see the company hire friend after friend of execs,
           | friends' kids as interns, friends' wives as Executive
           | Directors, execs' girlfriends as "Chief of Staff" - and you
           | realize you need to get something too, so you use company
           | time to form your own startup.
           | 
           | They do this because no one wants to work at their startup.
           | How do you see this being solved then?
        
             | krta wrote:
             | No, certain startups (not from YC!) hire a pool of grinders
             | (50%) and the rest is family, academic friends, LDS church
             | members etc.
             | 
             | The rest gets the cozy positions and does nothing.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | I find it really funny to be in some place where there is
               | a privileged class, particularly when I discover it
               | gradually. I can see how some people would find it
               | infuriating.
        
             | koasterz wrote:
             | >> They do this because no one wants to work at their
             | startup. How do you see this being solved then?
             | 
             | Not really. Startups cannot really operate without doers,
             | and most doers want something out of the experience --
             | equity, money, promotion, etc.
             | 
             | I've seen two start-ups (one Series A SF startup with
             | bigname VCs) which promoted VC-frields' kids while the
             | doers waited and waited.
             | 
             | In one case, the "child" was 25yo, became manager 6mo
             | later, became Director 6mo after that, became senior
             | Director 6mo after that. Some facebook stalking revealed
             | the relationship, some photos at Lake Tahoe.
             | 
             | Eventually the startup collapsed because there were so many
             | senior folks w/o real experience. I saw the same
             | individuals follow leadership to a new company, which also
             | had a huge implosion.
        
         | joefigura wrote:
         | The author makes this point.
         | 
         | "These aren't immutable aspects of your personality. They're
         | more categories for how you approach the job of software
         | engineering - you'll move around between quadrants as you
         | change your approach to work, for all the usual reasons."
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | It's all contextual. Just like all the "alpha' etc stuff.
        
         | _gmax0 wrote:
         | I'll buy someone a coffee if they propose a state-space model
         | that identifies a location on the author's plane as a function
         | of time and incentives :^)
        
           | mckn1ght wrote:
           | I was thinking about how to describe the interactions between
           | all possible pairings under a variety of circumstances, like
           | on an axis of virtuous vs conflicting.
        
             | datameta wrote:
             | Three dimensional chart, not kidding. We sell outselves
             | short. With good design and color coding those are quite
             | readable.
        
         | maartenscholl wrote:
         | The chart in the article is multi-dimensional, it has two
         | dimensions: what you mean is time-varying.
        
           | encoderer wrote:
           | You can be in more than one quadrant at the same time.
        
             | epcoa wrote:
             | Not if you're Jan Michael Vincent.
        
         | crdrost wrote:
         | In addition to people being multidimensional, this sort of
         | diagram usually has a sort of "internal motion" to it.
         | 
         | That is, this is an instance of a diagram that you'll see
         | repeated over and over in business texts; I personally call it
         | a "fourbox" but I suppose "business matrix" is more common and
         | "quadrant analysis" or something like that is even more
         | descriptive. The idea is that you identify two different
         | things, graph those as separate axes, label the quadrants and
         | then tell a story about the four different labels. The
         | Eisenhower matrix is the usual example (one axis is how close
         | is the deadline, near vs far, the other is how much is lost by
         | missing the deadline, a little vs a lot. The immediacy is
         | called "urgency", the stakes are called "importance," things
         | that are important-and-urgent should be done by you now, things
         | that are important-not-urgent should be scheduled, things that
         | are urgent-not-important should be delegated to someone else,
         | and everything in the last quadrant should be safely ignored).
         | 
         | A "true" fourbox in my view should tell a particular story,
         | which I call "cynefin flow" after a different iconic fourbox
         | that told this story compellingly. According to this flow,
         | there should be motion in a circle about the center of the
         | axes, except that it gets interrupted at one transition between
         | the quadrants and becomes stuck in a U-shape, unless some
         | outside stimulus pushes it over that edge. So there is a motion
         | I -> II -> III -> IV around the quadrants but then things get
         | stuck in IV unless an outside stimulus pushes it back into I.
         | 
         | The cynefin story for the Eisenhower matrix ends with things
         | getting stuck in not-important-not-urgent, so that is your IV
         | quadrant. Of the two stories you can tell from there, the more
         | compelling story is that, "Things that are important but not
         | urgent, become important-and-urgent as the clock runs down, but
         | then the deadline will pass and the pain becomes a sunk cost
         | and they become unimportant-and-urgent, only to eventually fade
         | to being unimportant-and-not-urgent, until an external stimulus
         | acts to suddenly attach additional stakes to them and make them
         | important again." So you have a bill (I), that bill comes due
         | (II), you miss the deadline but still have a chance to pay it
         | (III), and finally it gets sent to collections and impacts your
         | credit (IV). And it sits there until either the debt expires or
         | you're trying to get a new house, in which case it becomes
         | Important again (I) to clean up your credit history.
         | 
         | Similarly with the BCG matrix, which is a fourbox with your
         | capture of a market on one axis, the market's growth rate on a
         | separate axis. Then the businessfolk carefully write "cash cow,
         | question mark, star, dog" on each of these four quadrants. But
         | what makes it a true fourbox is that your "question marks" that
         | you invest in become "stars" as you capture their markets, then
         | become "cash cows" as growth dries up, then become "dogs" as
         | the market itself stagnates, until some external stimulus
         | creates the opportunity for growth and more question marks
         | again.
         | 
         | OP's diagram has "work intensity" on one axis, and a sort of
         | "idealism-vs-pragmatism" axis for the other, and they have
         | identified the intense pragmatist as naturally falling under a
         | Cynefin flow into being a coasting pragmatist as they burn out.
         | Presumably this is the accumulation point and those are the III
         | and IV of the system, in which case some external stimulus
         | causes coasting pragmatists to become coasting idealists, at
         | which point they will naturally become intense idealists as
         | their aspirations come to the fore, and then naturally become
         | intense pragmatists as the organization fails to reward their
         | idealism?
        
           | d0mine wrote:
           | Have you meant "intense _idealist_ " burn out into "coasting
           | pragmatist"?
        
           | encoderer wrote:
           | I think you have something here in how it relates to a
           | fourbox "looking right" or not. Thanks for sharing.
           | 
           | Curious, did you write all this out for this comment? I
           | appreciate it either way because I was truly skeptical at
           | first but kept reading thru the end.
        
           | jp57 wrote:
           | Business schools call it a 2x2. A friend who teaches at a
           | business school told me, "You can't be a business school prof
           | if you don't have a two-by-two."
           | 
           | But the idea that every 2x2 is a state space that has some
           | kind of attractor path in it only covers a subset of such
           | plots. There are lots of other kinds that don't fit that
           | paradigm, e.g. binary action vs binary outcome, diagnostic
           | test pos/neg vs condition true/false, etc.
        
           | jessekv wrote:
           | Not sure why, but the image of a 4-stroke engine came to my
           | mind when I read your comment.
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | The believer/grifter axis might be what psychologists call
       | "external" vs "internal" locus of control.
        
         | dingnuts wrote:
         | it's the cynicism axis
         | 
         | both extremes are insane
         | 
         | the middle should be labeled "realist"
        
       | parpfish wrote:
       | That chart is confusing because they've put the quadrant labels
       | on the axes so a) the axis dimensions are unknown and b) there
       | are two labels on each quadrant
        
         | wccrawford wrote:
         | 0 is in the middle of the chart. The extremes are the words on
         | that axis.
        
         | gipp wrote:
         | Those are the labels for each end of each axis, not for the
         | quadrants. Believer/grifter is one axis, coaster/grinder is the
         | other.
        
           | parpfish wrote:
           | But the written breakdowns per type below imply that those
           | are the quadrant labels. Otherwise the write ups should be
           | for term pairs (eg, believer+coaster)
        
         | ryandrake wrote:
         | Yea, the quadrant visualization does not make sense. What is
         | the bottom-left quadrant? Coaster or Grifter or both? What
         | about the top-right? None of the above? I can't figure it out.
        
       | dylan604 wrote:
       | "and this article is really aimed at people who are trying to
       | have a bit more empathy for the assholes they work with."
       | 
       | and now you have my attention. only, i'm reading it from the
       | asshole's perspective.
        
         | wccrawford wrote:
         | The trick is that there's actually assholes in all 4 quads. And
         | nice people, too.
        
           | dowager_dan99 wrote:
           | or that depending on where you position yourself right now,
           | there's assholes in 3 quadrants, but since you can
           | simultaneously be in multiple quads, you're an asshole too.
        
       | Aeolun wrote:
       | I think the real problem is that it's impossible to work as a
       | believer/grinder in any large organisation (e.g. filled with
       | grifters). It's not sustainable to work as a grinder for a long
       | time in the first place, but it's especially terrible when it's
       | unrewarding.
        
         | SpaceManNabs wrote:
         | > it's especially terrible when it's unrewarding
         | 
         | you just described the angst of every phd student.
        
         | wiseowise wrote:
         | Why would someone grifting prevent you from griding?
        
       | throw646577 wrote:
       | "Grifter" is a terrible word choice for the "personality type" in
       | the description.
       | 
       | Grifting is always a form of aberrant behaviour -- manipulative,
       | cruel, deceitful, larcenous. Unless you are Humpty Dumpty, I
       | don't know why you would choose a word for a quadrant that
       | requires you to clarify that you do not mean to associate its
       | actual meaning with the behaviours in that quadrant.
       | 
       | "Politician" (albeit with a small p) is a much, much better word
       | for the personality type in the description.
       | 
       | Politics is only _sometimes_ a form of aberrant behaviour.
        
         | syntheticnature wrote:
         | Given the description in the article, I'd say Cynic/Idealist
         | instead of Grifter/Believer.
        
           | gchamonlive wrote:
           | Or maybe even loyalist/idealist to purge any hint of
           | negativity from the first category
        
             | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
             | Does it? Loyalty is for henchmen. You only need it if you
             | have a habit of asking people to do something slimy.
        
               | gchamonlive wrote:
               | Could be but
               | 
               | > They respect the company mission as written, but what
               | they really value is what the leaders of the company show
               | they care about.
               | 
               | > Grifters aren't very good at changing the culture of
               | their organizations. They tend to go with the current
               | instead.
               | 
               | To me loyalist fits this well, not because they are
               | necessarily going to do dirty work, but because they are
               | loyal to the rules that are in place.
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | No you're right, it's a better label.
               | 
               | I just am too much of a believer/anarchist to see loyalty
               | as any better than grift. A grifter does their own evil,
               | a loyalist does someone else's. I'm not sure which is
               | more repugnant but I'm sure that my view on this is quite
               | biased. I guess that makes me the target audience re:
               | 
               | > this article is really aimed at people who are trying
               | to have a bit more empathy for the assholes they work
               | with
        
               | gchamonlive wrote:
               | This discussion would benefit a lot from The Banality of
               | Evil, but I'm definitely not the best one to introduce
               | it.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eichmann_in_Jerusalem
               | 
               | But I think it would very much argue in favor of people
               | being on average more like loyalists. Just regular Joes
               | trying to get a promotion and causing untold damage in
               | the process.
        
             | dowager_dan99 wrote:
             | go back to the very start; the perspective is supposed to
             | be the assholes you identify in each category where you
             | don't see yourself. By definition it should be negative,
             | and this should feel uncomfortable because you don't want
             | to view yourself in the same light. The fact there's so
             | much debate implies they nailed the labels.
        
               | gchamonlive wrote:
               | > the perspective is supposed to be the assholes you
               | identify in each category where you don't see yourself
               | 
               | There is literally a "Me" in the graph.
               | 
               | This gives me a little Zizekian vibes, where it's
               | intentionally trying to confuse and shock in order to try
               | to shift your perspective without you even realising it.
               | I like it. The relabeling is just another form of
               | understanding by interacting.
        
           | throw646577 wrote:
           | I think Realist more than Cynic, maybe. Because the
           | activities in that description are perhaps realistically
           | transactional, not cynical.
           | 
           | I dunno. The whole thing is wobbly really.
        
           | indoordin0saur wrote:
           | I think this is great. I've certainly had companies where I
           | believed in the mission and others where I was just doing the
           | work to help along the project or advance my own career
           | experience. But I wasn't ever there to deceive people or
           | fraudulently misrepresent myself.
        
         | mckn1ght wrote:
         | > I'm naming them this way because these are the names you'd
         | give them when you're complaining about your coworkers
        
           | throw646577 wrote:
           | Are they? Someone who actually does the work is not a
           | grifter, by definition.
        
             | mckn1ght wrote:
             | I think you'd have to work at it to be a successful
             | grifter. If there's a sucker born every minute, then you
             | really gotta be able to scale.
        
               | throw646577 wrote:
               | Work at grifting, yes -- but the description associated
               | with that quadrant is someone who actually works for the
               | goals of the organisation: this is the literal opposite
               | of grifting.
               | 
               | Like, the post says "You want a grifter leading a
               | complicated engineering project".
               | 
               | No, you really, really, really don't.
        
               | wiseowise wrote:
               | > No, you really, really, really don't.
               | 
               | You do.
               | 
               | Believers are too inflexible and will kill the project
               | eventually because of it.
               | 
               | Coasters won't work enough to deliver the project.
               | 
               | Grinders will eventually burn out and devolve into
               | coasters, or start divert the project into unrelated
               | territory (focusing too much on optimization, testing,
               | accessibility).
               | 
               | Grifters are the only ones who can lead projects, because
               | they understand where the wind blows.
        
               | mckn1ght wrote:
               | Yeah. And I'll just add, so often the success of a
               | project is not in its technicals, but the smoke and
               | mirrors that are used to sell it. Be that to upper
               | management, clients, regulators...
        
               | dowager_dan99 wrote:
               | grifting is hard work!
        
               | indoordin0saur wrote:
               | > I think you'd have to work at it to be a successful
               | grifter.
               | 
               | It might take work to be get away with being a fraud, but
               | you're not doing work that's helping anyone you're
               | working with.
        
         | mattcantstop wrote:
         | I agree with this wholeheartedly. I fed ChatGPT the description
         | and they said a name without such a negative connotation was
         | "navigator." I think this is better. It also recommended
         | "politician" as well. I think navigator is fitting. They let
         | the structure of the system they find themselves in determine
         | their path. The system navigates for them.
        
           | jvanderbot wrote:
           | Water vs Rock, for my Tao enthusiasts. Combined you have
           | beautiful functional waterways upon which to leisure or work.
        
         | d0mine wrote:
         | Politics in SE: Self > Team > Org (it fits grifter) The reverse
         | fits believer: Self < Team < Org
         | 
         | A<B means that person considers B's interests to be more
         | important than A's (in the work context here).
        
       | jameson wrote:
       | > I think a lot of programmer arguments bottom out in a cultural
       | clash between different kinds of engineers
       | 
       | True. Also it should be the managements'/team leads' role to act
       | as a midiators. It's a waste of time to constantly argue over
       | what is "right" when all proposed solutions are functional.
       | 
       | Should we spend more time flushing out the unknowns? Should we
       | launch ASAP and interate fast? Should we automate the process? Do
       | we have data to back our assumptions?
       | 
       | The "culture fit" is not superficial and I've always been
       | advocate of fire fast if one is culturally unfit because it slows
       | down everyone
        
         | mckn1ght wrote:
         | You are talking about a third dimension that I thought of
         | immediately upon reading this, which is risk aversion,
         | mentioned long ago in https://gist.github.com/cornchz/3313150
         | (the original is no longer accessible, thanks Google+)
         | 
         | I'm just trying to imagine the different traits for liberal vs
         | conservative grifters (thought leader vomit vs machiavellian
         | connivance), believers (thought leader vomit vs constant market
         | research), grinders (ship lots of code vs write lots of tests)
         | and coasters (shitpost all day on random slack channels vs do
         | the bare minimum to appear to be working)
        
           | jameson wrote:
           | very interesting read
        
       | GuB-42 wrote:
       | You can see your "coaster score" on Hacker News, it is the number
       | on the upper right, next to your username ;)
        
       | adamc wrote:
       | I would say that I'm a "believer" in this terminology, but I
       | don't think either coaster or grinder fits; depending on the
       | task, I might be either. It's determined by how hard I find it to
       | get going on the task, which often reflects ambiguity and lack of
       | direction. When the task is vague, it can take a while to figure
       | out an approach to try.
       | 
       | Which is, I guess, a way to say that often when I'm "coasting",
       | I'm working -- just not as effectively as I would like. I usually
       | feel guilty when I'm unsure what to do.
       | 
       | I've definitely burned out a few times.
        
         | dartos wrote:
         | Humans are complex.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | I believe that's consistent with the author's "coaster"
         | description. "They work enough to get the job done" which is
         | sometimes very little, but can sometimes be a lot if that's
         | what's necessary.
         | 
         | They're also a good source of slack -- "They're also good for
         | teams that have a lot of last-minute requests or questions".
         | Coasters can do more work when that's what's needed. OTOH, a
         | grinder always working at 100% can never give more.
        
       | Barrin92 wrote:
       | " _Why do engineers get mad at each other so often?[...]a
       | cultural clash between different kinds of engineers: believers vs
       | grifters, or coasters vs grinders_ "
       | 
       | Engineers don't get mad at each other often, the issue is that
       | none of those four archetypes are engineers. Engineers have a
       | common formal training, certification and can build things to
       | specification and timelines which avoids most of the culture
       | clashes.
       | 
       | If you want to resolve what's described here the solution is to
       | work somewhere that looks more like Lockheed and less like a
       | frathouse.
       | 
       | And if you really care about software engineering as a
       | discipline, avoid an organization that sounds like this:
       | 
       |  _" In most software companies, you really want a handful of
       | engineers obsessing about issues like accessibility, security and
       | performance all the time, even when the organization as a whole
       | doesn't care about it_"
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | Companies like Lockheed are rather famous for blowing time and
         | budget estimates in spectacular fashion. I don't know if the
         | engineers are to blame but not necessarily a great example.
        
       | unobatbayar wrote:
       | It's one big tragedy from my experience.
        
       | mckn1ght wrote:
       | All models are wrong but some are useful and all that. Now I just
       | want to see a megamodel combining this, the software "political"
       | axis w.r.t. risk aversion (that I mentioned in
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42320862), and finally, a
       | summary of how each node interacts with each other node given
       | various circumstances like whether it's a collaborative or
       | conflicting situation (a concept I learned from a required
       | Strength Deployment Index workshop; mentioned in
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42321007), to prescribe
       | various incentives or strategies to unstick the participants and
       | keep them flowing.
       | 
       | Maybe throw in some flavor from the 6 types of working genius
       | (WIDGET: wonder, invention, discernment, galvanizing, enablement,
       | tenacity) and meyers-briggs personality types for fun.
        
       | jollyllama wrote:
       | s/Grifter/Professional/g
        
         | SpaceManNabs wrote:
         | yeah i agree. grifter has a connotation of scammy, and author
         | is using the term differently.
        
       | eweise wrote:
       | Is it only in the software fields that people who 'They work
       | enough to get the job done, but typically no further' are
       | coasters? Someone who gets their job should be an excellent
       | employee.
        
         | mrnotcrazy wrote:
         | I think in engineering maybe you can have different levels of
         | doneness? At my job closing a ticket means the job is done but
         | better than closing a ticket is documenting the solution. Even
         | better is automating a solution for the future so maybe
         | coasters are more likely to be close tickets and move on.
        
         | acuozzo wrote:
         | Many managers leave the definition of "done" up to the
         | programmer.
        
       | dave333 wrote:
       | Natural career progression is through initial growth
       | (believer/grinder), plateau (slow transition to coaster/grifter),
       | mid-life crisis (believer/grinder in different area/personal
       | life), crash landing/retirement (coaster/grifter).
        
       | JohnMakin wrote:
       | IME grifter/grinders get rapidly promoted in large companies that
       | allow upward movement. I've not worked with many principals that
       | were not like this.
        
         | dowager_dan99 wrote:
         | grinders - really? I've seen the opposite. They tend to be
         | taken for granted and not recognized is my experience.
        
           | JohnMakin wrote:
           | Per the article I think that type of person is a
           | grinder/believer.
        
       | dowager_dan99 wrote:
       | "aimed at people who are trying to have a bit more empathy for
       | the assholes they work with."
       | 
       | I love it!
        
       | oldnewthrowaway wrote:
       | https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2009/10/07/the-gervais-principle-...
       | 
       | Said another way, with one fewer category, but with a clearer and
       | more general approach.
       | 
       | I've never read anything better to describe nearly all
       | organizations of a certain size.
        
       | xianshou wrote:
       | Aha! Finally, a perfect spiritual complement to the Gervais
       | principle:
       | 
       | https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2009/10/07/the-gervais-principle-...
       | 
       | According to Rao, every company survives by blending some
       | combination of the following populations, varying by stage of
       | lifecycle:
       | 
       | - Sociopath = people who know the game and play it to win
       | 
       | - Clueless = people who buy and spread the story the company is
       | selling
       | 
       | - Loser = people who accept the wage bargain, generally
       | exchanging low devotion for minimal advancement
       | 
       | This maps nicely to OP's quadrants:
       | 
       | - Sociopath = grinder-grifter
       | 
       | - Clueless = grinder-believer
       | 
       | - Loser = coaster-grifter
       | 
       | - (Coaster-believers get fired.)
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | I am not a fan of assigning labels to people because I'm a fan of
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_semantics
       | 
       | A taxonomy of partial engagement in software development would be
       | an interesting topic. I've worked at quite a few places where
       | there was something pathological I couldn't change or where I
       | could have worked harder but it would have created a lot of
       | strife with people who (don't work as hard|don't work as
       | smart|don't see the big picture|aren't careful|don't know how to
       | write joins in SQL|learned to design software by learning answers
       | to interview questions|...)
       | 
       | In a case like that you can still get stuff done with 50%
       | engagement, getting a lot more done might not be feasible without
       | getting the support you need from your co-workers and if you
       | lower your standards your life gets easier and you still get
       | something done. It can sometimes feel pretty good and it can
       | sometimes feel like dying inside.
        
       | indoordin0saur wrote:
       | The definition of 'grifter' here just didn't sense to me and I
       | tried. Interesting idea on the article but I don't think it was a
       | great execution.
        
       | debacle wrote:
       | Please don't try and redefine terms like "grifter." It is a very
       | important word, especially in today's political climate.
        
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