[HN Gopher] Intel announces retirement of Pat Gelsinger
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Intel announces retirement of Pat Gelsinger
        
       Author : tybulewicz
       Score  : 696 points
       Date   : 2024-12-02 13:37 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.intel.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.intel.com)
        
       | markus_zhang wrote:
       | Stock jumps 5%+ initially.
        
         | timschmidt wrote:
         | Vultures
        
         | blitzar wrote:
         | Presumably in the hopes of a more "shareholder friendly" CEO
         | being appointed.
         | 
         | "shareholder friendly" and "good for the company" are not at
         | all the same things.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | Cover the news event.
        
       | MichaelZuo wrote:
       | I've heard rumors he was viewed as a lightweight, or at least not
       | as much of a serious engineer as Morris Chang was in his 60s, but
       | even still his tenure was surprisingly short...
        
       | hbfdhfdhadfhnfa wrote:
       | This is not good. We already know what happened when CFO took
       | over. It was a time when Intel totaly lost control. They are gona
       | get bought for penies. OMG
       | 
       | Instead of saying to AMD they will be in the rearview mirror,
       | they should have been paranoid. Not do stupid GPUs. and destroy
       | others where it mattered
        
         | merpkz wrote:
         | Are those GPUs really stupid? They seem like a great price for
         | performance devices when ultra high level gaming is not the
         | priority.
         | 
         | EDIT: I personally always liked intel iGPUs because they were
         | always zero bullshit on Linux minus some screen tearing issues
         | and mumbo-jumbo fixes required in X11.
        
           | egeozcan wrote:
           | They can encode AV1 even. Really amazing, amazing chips for
           | the price.
           | 
           | The "stupid" thing with them (maybe) is that they cannot do
           | anything exceptionally good, and that while having
           | compatibility problems. They are cheap yes, but there are
           | many other chips for the same price, and while they are less
           | capable, they are more compatible.
           | 
           | Make A380 cost 30% less or invest way more to the drivers and
           | IMHO it'd been completely different.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | Another nice thing--it looked like Intel was lagging AMD in
           | PCIe lane counts, until somewhat recently. I suspect selling
           | GPUs has put them in the headspace of thinking of PCIe lanes
           | as a real figure of merit.
        
             | tpm wrote:
             | AMD AM5 are also not great at having enough PCIe lanes,
             | hence at most one connected PCIe5 x16 GPU, if you need more
             | it's x8 for 2 GPUs and so on, and that's before we connect
             | fast M2 storage, fast USB4 slots etc. If you need more PCIe
             | lanes, you have to buy a Threadripper or Epyc and that's
             | easily 10 times the price for the whole system.
        
               | colejohnson66 wrote:
               | PCIe lanes and DDR channels take up the most pins on a
               | CPU connector (ignoring power). The common solution (for
               | desktops) is to have a newest generation protocol (5) at
               | the CPU level, then use the chipset to fan out more lanes
               | at a lower generation (4).
        
               | tpm wrote:
               | I understand the tradeoff, but it left a segment of the
               | market between pure consumer solutions and pure
               | productivity/server solutions in no mans land.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Yeah. Theadripper/Epyc is what I'm thinking of--it isn't
               | obvious (to me at least) if it was just a coincidence of
               | the chiplet strategy or what, if so it is an odd
               | coincidence. The company that makes both CPUs and GPUs
               | has ended up with data center CPUs that are a great match
               | for the era where we really want data center CPUs that
               | can host a ton of GPUs, haha.
        
           | leeman2016 wrote:
           | I am basically biased towards discrete GPU = asking for
           | trouble in Linux.
           | 
           | Driver stability, less heat and fan noise, battery life is
           | almost assured in the Intel iGPU.
        
             | riskable wrote:
             | Nah. AMD discreet GPUs are fantastic in Linux these days.
             | You don't need to install a proprietary driver! They _just
             | work_. It 's really nice not having to think about the
             | GPU's drivers or configuration at all.
             | 
             | The only area where AMD's discreet GPUs are lagging behind
             | is AI stuff. You get a lot more performance with Nvidia
             | GPUs for the same price. For gaming, though AMD is the
             | clear winner in the price/performance space.
             | 
             | Of course, Nvidia is still a bit of a pain but it's of
             | their own making. You still need to install their
             | proprietary driver (which IMHO isn't _that_ big a deal) but
             | the _real_ issue is that if you upgrade your driver from
             | say, 550 to 555 you have to rebuild all your CUDA stuff.
             | _In theory_ you shouldn 't have to do that but in reality I
             | had to blow away my venv and reinstall everything in order
             | to get torch working again.
        
             | ryao wrote:
             | Nvidia's GPUs work well on Linux. A friend and I use them
             | and they are fairly problem free. In the past, when I did
             | have some issues (mainly involving freesync), I contacted
             | Nvidia and they fixed them. More specifically, I found that
             | they needed to add sddm to their exclusion list, told them
             | and they added it to the list after a few driver releases.
             | They have also fixed documentation on request too.
        
           | ripe wrote:
           | On the question of integrated versus discrete GPUs, what are
           | the practical differences?
           | 
           | I am trying to learn this but having difficulty finding good
           | explanations. I know the Wikipedia-level overview, but need
           | more details.
        
         | KingOfCoders wrote:
         | The GPUs are elemental for a shift to APUs - the future as
         | Apple has shown for performance and energy efficiency. Strix
         | Halo will be a game changer, without a GPU Intel has no future
         | on the laptop (and later desktop).
        
           | keyringlight wrote:
           | One of the things I was wondering about a few years ago is
           | whether intel would attempt to bid on the Sony/MS console
           | contracts which AMD has had tied up for a long time now and
           | would be a dependable income along with reduced software
           | compatibility concerns compared to the breadth and history of
           | windows games. I don't think they got to the point of having
           | a big iGPU integrated to the extent that AMD has had for
           | years though.
           | 
           | Apparently AMD has at least the Sony PS6 contract now.
        
         | Cumpiler69 wrote:
         | _> Not do stupid GPUs_
         | 
         | Hard disagree here x100. Investing in GPUs in the time when
         | Nvidia and AMD started to gouge the market is actually the best
         | decision Intel did in recent times. It's the piece of
         | semiconductor with some of the highest margins in the business
         | and they already own a lot of the patents and IP building
         | blocks to make it happen.
         | 
         | The only stupid thing they did was not getting into GPUs
         | earlier so they would already be on the market during the
         | pandemic GPU shortage and AI boom.
        
           | bhouston wrote:
           | I think the issue is that Intel has a culture and focus. It
           | is cpus. It is a large company and this is where the revenue
           | comes from and it has momentum.
           | 
           | There are a lot of strategic shifts Intel could do but their
           | timeline to paying off at the scale Intel needs is very long.
           | 
           | What I see is a bunch of endeavours that get killed off too
           | quickly because they were not paying off fast enough and this
           | creates mistrust in the community around Intel's new
           | initiatives that are not core that make them harder to
           | succeed going forward. It is a bit of a death spiral.
           | 
           | Basically big companies find it hard to learn new tricks when
           | their core offering starts to fail. The time to learn new
           | tricks was a while ago, now it is too late.
        
             | Cumpiler69 wrote:
             | _> I think the issue is that Intel has a culture and focus.
             | It is cpus. It is a large company and this is where the
             | revenue comes from and it has momentum._
             | 
             | With this logic, Apple should have also stayed with making
             | Macs when it had financial troubles in in 1999, since
             | that's its focus, not venture into making stupid stuff like
             | Mp3 players and phones, everyone knows that's the core
             | focus of Sony and Nokia who will rules those markets
             | forever.
        
               | bhouston wrote:
               | Apple under Steve Jobs is exceptional and not the rule.
               | 
               | Trying to use that the fact Einstein or Muhammad Ali or
               | any other genius in his area could do something or did
               | something is not a counterpoint.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | Yes, Apple succeeded. But the number of companies that
               | attempt such branching out and succeed are few compared
               | to how many try.
               | 
               | The CEO of company X may think that he's as talented as
               | Steve Jobs, but is he really?
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | > With this logic, Apple should have also stayed with
               | making Macs when it had financial troubles in in 1999,
               | since that's its focus, not venture into making stupid
               | stuff like Mp3 players and phones, everyone knows that's
               | the core focus of Sony and Nokia who will rules those
               | markets forever.
               | 
               | You're off by a few years. Jobs axed any project not
               | related to the Mac when he came back in 1997, so they
               | actually did what you say they did not. The iPod project
               | started around 1999-2000 when Apple was in a massive
               | growth phase after the iMac and the G3 and then G4
               | desktops.
               | 
               | Also, in the alternate reality where the iPod did not
               | massively succeed, it would very likely have been killed
               | or remain as a hobby like the Apple TV. Apple might not
               | be as huge as they are now, but the Mac was doing great
               | at the time.
        
             | brokencode wrote:
             | I'd argue that focus is what Intel fundamentally lacks. Or
             | any kind of real vision.
             | 
             | If they had focused more on mobile CPUs, GPUs, or
             | especially GPGPUs a decade ago, they could have more
             | product diversity now to hold them over.
             | 
             | Instead, they dipped their toes into a new market every few
             | years and then ran away screaming when they realized how
             | difficult and it would be to gain market share.
             | 
             | If they had any actual vision, they could have a line of
             | ARM CPUs now to compete with the onslaught in all major CPU
             | markets.
             | 
             | They should have listened to their customers and market
             | forces instead of trying to force x86 down everyone's
             | throats.
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | _> they could have a line of ARM CPUs now to compete with
               | the onslaught in all major CPU markets._
               | 
               | Disagree. Selling ARM chips with high profit margins is
               | tough. There's too much competition from the likes of
               | Samsung, MediaTek and until the US ban, Hi
               | Silicon(Huawei). ARM chips are a race to the bottom in
               | terms of price with a market dominated by companies from
               | Asia. There's no guarantee Intel could have had a
               | competitive ARM design that could beat Apple's or
               | Qualcom's.
        
               | everfrustrated wrote:
               | Intel did have an ARM license at one point. The margins
               | would have never been acceptable to Intel. Annapurna Labs
               | / P. A Semi probably sold to Amazon / Apple respectively
               | for the same reason.
        
               | bhouston wrote:
               | > There's too much competition from the likes of Samsung,
               | MediaTek and until the US ban, Hi Silicon(Huawei). ARM
               | chips are a race to the bottom in terms of price with a
               | market dominated by companies from Asia
               | 
               | Yes, without proprietary technology, margins are slim.
               | 
               | But Qualcomm has somewhat succeeded in this area anyhow.
               | I guess they took the ARM base but innovated on top of it
               | in order to command higher margins.
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | _> But Qualcomm has somewhat succeeded in this area
               | anyhow_
               | 
               | It's wasn't just anyhow. Qualcomm succeed in the mobile
               | SoC space because they also had the best modems in the
               | industry (name comes form Quality Communications after
               | all). And also the best mobile GPU IP they bought from
               | ATI.
        
               | brokencode wrote:
               | Well they have to try something and actually invest in
               | it. Every year, it looks more and more like x86 is a
               | sinking ship.
               | 
               | Intel and AMD can dominate the x86 market all they want.
               | But x86 has been steadily losing ground every year to
               | cheaper and more power efficient ARM processors. It's
               | still a big market now, but I don't think it's going to
               | be a great business in a decade or two.
               | 
               | ARM was just an example. If Intel spent a decade
               | strengthening their Larrabee GPGPU platform and building
               | AI and crypto ecosystems on it, they may have been well
               | positioned to benefit immensely like Nvidia has over the
               | last 5 years.
        
           | NotYourLawyer wrote:
           | Yeah that was so stupid of them to not see into the future
           | and predict AI.
        
             | Cumpiler69 wrote:
             | You don't need the AI boom. Gaming GPUs were already a
             | decent money maker, then add the GPGPU boom.
        
               | rob74 wrote:
               | Yes, gaming GPUs are a decent money maker - but Intel
               | GPUs can currently only compete in the midrange segment,
               | where there is a lot less money to be made. And to change
               | that, they need to invest a lot more money (with
               | uncertain outcome). And for AI it's basically the same
               | story - with the added difficulty of Nvidias CUDA moat,
               | which even AMD is having trouble with.
        
             | lesuorac wrote:
             | I'm not sure you needed to predict AI.
             | 
             | GPUs exist because CPUs just aren't fast enough. Whether or
             | not people are going to start making GPU-only computers is
             | debatable (although there has clearly been a lot of CPU+GPU
             | single chips).
        
               | kllrnohj wrote:
               | What a frankly weird oversimplification? GPUs don't exist
               | because CPUs aren't fast enough. GPUs exist because CPUs
               | aren't _parallel_ enough. And to achieve that
               | parallelism, they sacrifice massive amounts of
               | performance to get it.
               | 
               | A GPU-only computer would be absolutely horrendous to
               | use. It'd be incredibly slow and unresponsive as GPUs
               | just absolutely suck at running single-threaded code or
               | branchy code.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | I mean you can splits hairs about the difference between
               | CPU and GPUs all you want.
               | 
               | The overall point is that work is being increasingly done
               | _not_ on the CPU. If your business is CPUs-only then
               | you're going to have rough times as the world moves away
               | from a CPU-centric world. You don't need to predict AI;
               | you just need to see that alternatives are being looked
               | at by competitors and you'll lose an edge if you don't
               | also look at them.
               | 
               | It's not going to matter much if you have a crappy CPU if
               | most of the work is done on the GPU. Its like how iPhones
               | don't advertise themselves as surround sound; phones
               | aren't about calling people anymore so no reason to
               | advertise legacy features.
        
               | kllrnohj wrote:
               | > The overall point is that work is being increasingly
               | done _not_ on the CPU.
               | 
               | Eh? GPGPU has been a thing for decades and yet barely
               | made a dent in the demand for CPUs. Heck, CUDA is 17
               | years old!
               | 
               | The world has not budged from being CPU-centric and it
               | isn't showing any signs of doing so. GPUs remain an
               | accelerator for specialized workloads and are going to
               | continue to be just that.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | Intel just has to make a decent/mediocre GPU with 64GB+
           | memory at a $500 price point and they will instantly become
           | the defacto local transformer leader. It's a true "build it
           | and they will come" situation.
           | 
           | Undercut the big boys with affordable on-prem AI.
        
             | Cumpiler69 wrote:
             | _> Intel just has to make a decent/mediocre GPU with 64GB+
             | memory at a $500 price point and they will instantly become
             | the defacto local LLM leader_
             | 
             | Intel should have appointed people form the HN comment
             | section as their CEO, as they clearly know more about
             | running a giant chip design and fabrication company than
             | the guy who worked there for 10+ years.
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | You are jesting, but there is some wisdom to that post.
               | No reasonable person is suggesting global company changes
               | direction on the basis of one post on the internet, but
               | the advice provided is not without merit. Surely, a
               | company of that size can do some research to see if it is
               | a viable path. In fact, if it does anything right, it
               | should have people like that ready to do appropriate
               | analysis.
               | 
               | I have my thoughts on the matter and cautiously welcomed
               | their move to GPUs ( though admittedly on the basis that
               | we -- consumers -- need more than amd/nvidia duopoly in
               | that space; so I am not exactly unbiased ).
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | _> but there is some wisdom to that post._
               | 
               | That's just speculation. There's no guarantee that would
               | have happened. Nobody has a crystal ball to guarantee
               | that as the outcome.
               | 
               | It's like saying if someone would have killed Hitler as a
               | baby, that would have prevented WW2.
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | I think you may be either misinterpreting my post or
               | misunderstanding the sequence of events.
               | 
               | What do you think has happened so far?
               | 
               | Your mental model of the world may help me understanding
               | the point you are trying to make.
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | I'm saying nobody can guarantee the claim of the GP I've
               | replied to, that if Intel would have produced mediocre
               | GPUs with 64+ GB of RAM that would have magically help
               | them rise to the top of ML HW sales and save them.
               | 
               | That's just speculations from people online. I don't see
               | any wisdom in that like you do, all I see is just a
               | guessing game from people who think they know an industry
               | when they don't (armchair experts to put it politely).
               | 
               | What made Nvidia dominant was not weak GPUs with a lot of
               | RAM. The puzzle of their success had way more pieces that
               | made the whole package appealing over many years, and a
               | great timing of the market also helped. Intel making
               | underperforming GPUs with a lot of RAM would not
               | guarantee the same outcome at a later time in the market
               | with an already entrenched Nvidia and a completely
               | different landscape.
        
               | Nevermark wrote:
               | Your comments that nobody knows anything for sure are
               | generically applicable to any discussion of anything.
               | 
               | But since they obviously apply just as well to Intel
               | itself, it is a poor reason to dismiss other's ideas.
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | > What made Nvidia dominant was not weak GPUs with a lot
               | of RAM.
               | 
               | Intel doesn't have the luxury of repeating NVidia's path
               | in GPUs. NVidia didn't have to compete with an already
               | existing NVidia-like incumbent.
               | 
               | That requires no speculation.
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | Competing with an incumbent via an underserved low end,
               | then moving up market, is called _disruption_.
               | 
               | It is a very effective strategy since (1) underserved
               | markets may be small but are are immediately profitable,
               | and (2) subsequent upward growth is very hard for the
               | incumbent to defend against. The incumbent would have to
               | lower their margins, and hammer their own market value.
               | 
               | And it would fit with Intel's need to grow their foundry
               | business from the low end up too.
               | 
               | They should take every low-end underserved market they
               | can find. Those are good cards to play for ambitious
               | startups and comebacks.
               | 
               | And the insane demand for both GPUs and chip making is
               | increasing the number of such markets.
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | << That's just speculations from people online. I don't
               | see any wisdom in that like you do, all I see is just a
               | guessing game from people who think they know an industry
               | when they don't (armchair experts to put it politely).
               | 
               | True, it is just speculation. 'Any' seems to be a strong
               | qualifier. One of the reasons I troll landscape of HN is
               | that some of the thoughts and recommendations expressed
               | here ended up being useful in my life. One still has to
               | apply reason and common sense, but I would not dream of
               | saying it has no ( any ) wisdom.
               | 
               | << What made Nvidia dominant was not weak GPUs with a lot
               | of RAM.
               | 
               | I assume you mean: 'not in isolation'. If so, that
               | statement is true. AMD cards at the very least had parity
               | with nvidia, so it clearly wasn't just a question of ram.
               | 
               | << The puzzle of their success had way more pieces that
               | made the whole package appealing over many years, and a
               | great timing of the market also helped.
               | 
               | I will be honest. I am biased against nvidia so take the
               | next paragraph for the hate speech that it is.
               | 
               | Nvidia got lucky. CUDA was a big bet that paid off first
               | on crypto and now on ai. Now, we can argue how much of
               | that bet was luck meets preparation, because the bet
               | itself was admittedly a well educated guess.
               | 
               | To your point, without those two waves, nvidia would
               | still likely be battling amd in incremental improvements
               | so the great market timing accounts for majority of its
               | success. I will go as far as to say that we would likely
               | not see a rush to buy 'a100s' and 'AI accellerators' with
               | exception of very niche applications.
               | 
               | << Intel making underperforming GPUs with a lot of RAM
               | would not guarantee the same outcome at a later time in
               | the market with an already entrenched Nvidia and a
               | completely different landscape.
               | 
               | Underperforming may be the key word here and it is a very
               | broad brush. In what sense are they underperforming and
               | which segment are they intended for? As for ram, it would
               | be kinda silly in current environment to put a new card
               | out with 8gb; I think we can agree on that at least.
               | 
               | << I'm saying nobody can guarantee the claim of the GP
               | I've replied to,
               | 
               | True, but it is true for just about every aspect of life
               | so as statements go, so it is virtually meaningless as an
               | argument. Best one can do is argue possibilities based on
               | what we do know about the world and the models it tends
               | to follow.
        
               | KeplerBoy wrote:
               | There's no doubt that the statement is true. Some use
               | cases would absolutely benefit from GPUs with a boatload
               | of VRAM, even if it's relatively slow (~500 GB/s).
               | 
               | The market for that is just not that large, it wouldn't
               | move the needle on Intels revenue, but then again it
               | could get the enthusiasts onboard and get Intels CUDA
               | alternative moving.
        
               | Nevermark wrote:
               | Disrupting a market from the bottom always looks like a
               | small market opportunity. Initially.
               | 
               | But then you move up, and the incumbents have to choose
               | to keep ceding more of their lower end or lower their
               | margins. And it is very hard and costly for a company
               | succeeding at the high end to do the later.
               | 
               | That would have been a fantastic sign Intel was getting
               | more nimble and strategic.
               | 
               | And been a good fit with a come back in the low end of
               | fabs too.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | I actually did email Deepak Patil (head of Intel Graphics
               | division) about this around a year ago, haha. Never did
               | get a response though.
               | 
               | It is something that is easy to miss if you are just
               | looking at typical business strategy and finances. A high
               | memory consumer GPU would undercut their server GPUs,
               | which are presumably higher margin intended golden geese.
               | It's easy to see them chasing server markets and "gamers"
               | being an afterthought.
               | 
               | However there is huge demand right now for a modern, even
               | a crappy modern, GPU with gobs of memory. Make the card
               | and the open source AI tooling for it will start
               | sprouting in days after it's release.
               | 
               | It's an extremely powerful position to have every at-home
               | AI geek's setup to be bound to using intel cards and
               | intel focused tooling. Nvidia and AMD won't do it because
               | they want to protect their server cards.
        
               | tokioyoyo wrote:
               | > It's an extremely powerful position to have every at-
               | home AI geek's setup to be bound to using intel cards
               | 
               | So, incredibly small market share while your competitors
               | already have the first-mover advantage and nailed down
               | the ecosystem? With no data backing it up, I think,
               | graphics cards for local LLM needs is not really on
               | demand. Even for gaming it's probably more attractive,
               | but then again, that's not even where the real money is.
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | _> So, incredibly small market share while your
               | competitors already have the first-mover advantage and
               | nailed down the ecosystem?_
               | 
               | Exactly. This x100. It was easy for Nvidia to succed in
               | the LLM market by winging it, in the days when there was
               | no LLM market, so they had the greenfield and first mover
               | advantages.
               | 
               | But today, when Nvidia dominates the mature LLM market,
               | Intel winging it the same way Nvidia did, won't provide
               | nearly the same success as Nvidia had.
               | 
               | Ferruccio Lamborghini also built a successful sports car
               | company by building tractors and cars in his garage.
               | Today you won't be able to create a Lamborghini
               | competitor with something you can build in your garage.
               | The market has changed unrecognizably in the mean time.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | The market share is incredibly small but also incredibly
               | well aimed.
               | 
               | The people learning how to do local LLMs will be the
               | people directing build out of on-prem transformers for
               | small-midsize companies. The size of the market is
               | irrelevant here, it's who is in that market and the power
               | they will have that is extremely relevant.
        
               | mnau wrote:
               | > ..open source AI tooling for it will start sprouting...
               | 
               | AMD has tried this for many of its technologies and I
               | don't think it is working. Granted, they suck at open
               | sourcing, but a shitload of it was open sourced. See
               | TinyGrad voyage into the Red Box driver (streams on
               | youtube).
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | Intel doesn't have to open source anything. People will
               | build everything needed to run intel cards efficiently as
               | there is currently zero options for affordable video
               | cards with high memory.
               | 
               | It's either old slow Tesla cards with 48GB or $2000
               | nvidia cards with 24GB.
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | _> People will build everything needed to run intel cards
               | efficiently as there is currently zero options for
               | affordable video cards with high memory._
               | 
               | I think you're overestimating what people can and will
               | do.
               | 
               | Nvidia didn't succeed because it just launchend cards and
               | let people write CUDA for them. Nvidia is where it is
               | because it has an army of researchers and SW engineers
               | developing the full stack from research papers, to
               | frameworks, to proofs of concepts, showing customers the
               | value of paying for their pricey HW + SW, most of it
               | proprietary, not community developed.
               | 
               | "People" alone won't be able to get even 10% there. And
               | that's ignoring the fact that Nvidia HW is not FOSS so
               | they'd be working blind.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | >Nvidia is where it is because it has an army of
               | researchers and SW engineers developing
               | 
               | The current local model/open source model community is
               | literally an army of SWE's and researchers. They already
               | make tons of tooling too.
        
               | lucianbr wrote:
               | Who knows. The same reply could have been written to
               | someone opining that Kodak should pivot to digital
               | cameras.
               | 
               | We can't see the future, but neither can CEOs, no matter
               | how well paid and respected they are.
               | 
               | After all the current CEO is being ousted, so obviously
               | he didn't do the right things despite being a CEO.
        
               | blibble wrote:
               | looking at their sept 2024 p&l: the rando probably
               | couldn't have done much worse
        
               | rvba wrote:
               | Many people here are very knowledgeable: they have
               | Putnams, they are CEOs smurfing, run 300 people teams,
               | made some software that all know (e.g. we have the Diablo
               | 2 guy), people from hardare side, VCs..
               | 
               | Some are probably multi millionaires smurfing (and I dont
               | mean cryptobros).
               | 
               | Do you even have a Putnam award?
        
           | bubblethink wrote:
           | >The only stupid thing they did was not getting into GPUs
           | earlier
           | 
           | Intel has been "getting into" GPUs for two decades now going
           | back to Larrabee. They are just not good at it.
        
             | JohnBooty wrote:
             | What is holding Intel back, there?
             | 
             | Engineering chops?
             | 
             | AMD and nVidia already patented too much of the good stuff?
             | 
             | Too much existing code optimized for AMD and nVidia quirks?
        
               | mewse-hn wrote:
               | Extreme outsider perspective but they seemed like
               | dilettantes. They'd dip their toe into doing GPUs and
               | then cancel the project every couple years.
               | 
               | A few weeks ago Gelsinger even commented he saw "less
               | need for discrete graphics in the market going forward" -
               | just seemed like a very Intel thing to say
        
         | timschmidt wrote:
         | The GPUs seemed smart. Too late, and timid, but smart. What
         | continually blew my mind was Intel's chiplet strategy. While
         | AMD was making scads of a single chiplet and binning the best
         | for Epyc and recovering cost at the low end with Ryzen, Intel
         | designed and fabricated a dizzying number of single-purpose
         | chiplets. In some cases, just the mirror image of another
         | otherwise identical chiplet. The mind boggles. What phenomenal
         | inattention to opportunity.
        
           | washadjeffmad wrote:
           | Same with the general preparedness for the AGI Cambrian
           | explosion. Give their position, they should have been able to
           | keep pace with Nvidia beyond the data center, and they
           | fumbled it.
           | 
           | Their purported VRAM offerings for Battlemage are also lower
           | than hoped for, which is going to be a turnoff to many buying
           | for local inference.
           | 
           | I think we have too many decision-makers gunshy from crypto
           | mining that haven't yet realized that compute isn't just a
           | phase.
        
           | HelloNurse wrote:
           | What you describe is mad inattention to costs, not only to
           | opportunities: maybe a symptom of widespread misaligned
           | incentives (e.g. delivering a design with mirrored chiplets
           | quickly could be more "useful" for an engineer than saving a
           | few millions for the company by taking one more week to
           | design a more complex assembly of identical chiplets) and
           | toxic priorities (e.g. theoretical quality over market value
           | and profits, risk aversion, risk/cost externalization towards
           | departments you want to be axed instead of your own).
        
             | timschmidt wrote:
             | Couldn't agree more.
             | 
             | To me, AMD's approach demonstrates planning and buy-in
             | across multiple teams (CPU die, Ryzen IO die, Epyc IO die,
             | etc), and that suggests a high degree of management
             | involvement in these engineering decisions.
             | 
             | Intel's activities seem comparatively chaotic. Which I
             | agree smells of disincentives and disinterested middle
             | management hyperfixated on KPIs.
        
         | theandrewbailey wrote:
         | The AI revolution runs on GPUs. Intel needs every last bit of
         | GPU experience and prowess it can get, otherwise it will
         | continue to be left behind.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | Intel without GPUs will be an ARM competitor. Maybe. With some
         | luck. GPUs are existential for them. They've got 2 years.
        
         | tw04 wrote:
         | >They are gona get bought for penies.
         | 
         | No they aren't - much like Boeing, at this point they are
         | considered a national security asset.
        
         | riskable wrote:
         | > Not do stupid GPUs.
         | 
         | "Gelsinger said the market will have less demand for dedicated
         | graphics cards in the future."
         | 
         | (from: https://www.techspot.com/news/105407-intel-not-repeat-
         | lunar-...)
         | 
         | Gelsinger apparently agreed with you. However, the market _very
         | clearly_ has enormous demand for discreet GPUs. Specifically
         | for AI workloads (not PC gaming).
         | 
         | If I was on Intel's board I would've fired him for this
         | statement. The demand for GPUs (parallel matrix processors with
         | super fast local memory) is NOT going to go down. Certainly not
         | in the next five to ten years!
         | 
         | I know Intel makes a lot of things, has a lot of IP, and is
         | involved in many different markets but the fact that they're
         | NOT a major player in the GPU/AI space is their biggest failure
         | (in recent times). It's one of those things that should've been
         | _painfully_ obvious at some point in 2022 and here we have
         | Gelsinger saying just a few months ago that somehow demand for
         | AI stuff is just going to disappear (somehow).
         | 
         | It's magic hand waving like this that got him fired.
        
         | hypercube33 wrote:
         | I disagree. They need to have a dedicated GPU and iGPU they had
         | needs to be improved or they will absolutely fail. The current
         | path forward is an APU or more of a system on a chip with CPU,
         | GPU, and I guess, NPU.
         | 
         | Their dGPU is also pretty promising, I have it on my list to
         | get - even if not for gaming, its possibly the best media
         | encoding / decoding card for the money to get today. The only
         | thing holding it back for entry level or mid level gaming is
         | the drivers - for some games, it wont matter it seems, but for
         | others it has some growing pains but they seem to be diligently
         | working on them with every driver release.
        
         | Night_Thastus wrote:
         | The GPUs aren't a stupid idea. Right now Nvidia basically
         | controls the market and has totally abandoned the lower/mid
         | range end.
         | 
         | Intel has made vast improvements even within their first
         | generation of dedicated desktop cards. They will likely never
         | compete with cards like a 4080/4090, but they may be great
         | options for people on a budget. Helps put pressure on AMD to be
         | better as well.
        
       | htrp wrote:
       | Joined Feb 2021 and out within 4 years.
        
         | sebastianbk wrote:
         | He's been with Intel since 1979 (only interrupted by a stint as
         | CEO of EMC/VMware).
        
           | htrp wrote:
           | That stint at EMC/VMWare started in 2009...
        
       | Bilal_io wrote:
       | They wanted to preserve his dignity, so he was retired instead of
       | being fired.
        
         | Invictus0 wrote:
         | His dignity is fully intact imo. A great captain can't always
         | right a ship that's already sinking.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | > Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC) today announced that CEO Pat
       | Gelsinger retired from the company after a distinguished 40-plus-
       | year career and has stepped down from the board of directors,
       | effective Dec. 1, 2024
       | 
       | Is it a "he retired" or a "we retired him"?
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | Sounds like the latter to be honest
        
         | baq wrote:
         | Rhetorical question.
         | 
         | Brian's affair with an underling was also surprisingly
         | conveniently timed back then.
        
           | alexey-salmin wrote:
           | With Brian it was damn too late if you ask me.
        
         | perlgeek wrote:
         | If it were a planned, age-related retirement, it would've been
         | announced half a year to a year ahead, no?
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Maybe. Sometimes it would be, but sometimes such things are
           | not announced for various reasons.
        
         | stevenAthompson wrote:
         | Why does it matter? Let him have his dignity either way.
        
         | Cumpiler69 wrote:
         | _> Is it a "he retired" or a "we retired him"?_
         | 
         | Does it matter?
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | The latter implies the government money comes with strings
           | attached and that the forces eager to see a turnaround will
           | be active participants. It's good to see.
        
       | Seanambers wrote:
       | Anyone got the inside scoop?
        
       | pasttense01 wrote:
       | Time to split off Intel's foundry operations?
        
         | mepian wrote:
         | I remembered Andy Grove's quote: "If we got kicked out and the
         | board brought in a new CEO, what do you think he would do?"
         | 
         | Pat didn't do that, I guess.
        
         | phonon wrote:
         | Not really.
         | 
         | https://www.reuters.com/technology/intels-786-billion-subsid...
        
         | LittleTimothy wrote:
         | They've already been headed that way for a long time, the
         | problem is that they need huge amounts of capital to complete
         | their foundry road map and that is _meant_ to be cross-
         | subsidized by the other part of their business, but now it 's
         | looking shakey that they'll even have the capital to execute
         | the plan - setting aside whether it would even work if they
         | could.
        
         | BirAdam wrote:
         | Intel can't split due to the CHIPS Act.
        
       | LittleTimothy wrote:
       | Difficult to see how this is anything other than a failure. I had
       | high hopes when Gelsinger returned, but it seems that BK had done
       | too much damage and Gelsinger didn't really get a grip on things.
       | One of the things I heard that really highlighted the failure of
       | this recovery was that BK had let Intel balloon in all sorts of
       | ways that needed to be pared back and refocused, but head count
       | under Gelsinger didn't just stay static but continued to
       | significantly grow. It's no good giving the same politically
       | poisonous, under-delivering middle management more and more
       | resources to fail at the same job. They really need to clear
       | house in a spectacular way but I'm not sure who could even do
       | that at this point.
        
         | this_user wrote:
         | They have made too many bad choices, and everyone else has been
         | eating their lunch for the last few years. They are a non-
         | factor in the mobile space where ARM architectures dominate.
         | They are a non-factor in the GPU market where NVDA dominates
         | ahead of AMD. They were focused heavily on data centres and
         | desktop/laptop CPUs where ARM is also increasingly making
         | inroads with more efficient designs that deliver comparable
         | performance. They are still struggling with their fab
         | processes, and even they don't have enough money to make the
         | investment needed to catch back up to TSMC. There is a good
         | reason that even Global Foundries has given up on the bleeding
         | edge some time ago.
         | 
         | They are in a deep hole, and it is difficult to see a future
         | where they can restore their former glory in the foreseeable
         | future.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | The US government wants then making SOTA semiconductors.
           | Biden wanted it and I highly suspect Trump will want it too.
        
             | leoc wrote:
             | I have to wonder if part of this is Intel wanting a
             | Trumpier CEO so it can retain the favour of the US
             | government, while Trump associates Gelsinger with the CHIPS
             | act which he reflexively hates as a Biden thing.
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | Traditionally if you wanted SOTA semiconductors you'd go to
             | IBM for the technology and then build your own fab. I'm not
             | sure how true that is today but I wouldn't be surprised if
             | it is.
        
               | my123 wrote:
               | That's what Rapidus is doing
        
           | kllrnohj wrote:
           | > where ARM is also increasingly making inroads with more
           | efficient designs that deliver comparable performance.
           | 
           | ARM isn't doing any such thing. Apple & Qualcomm are, though.
           | ARM itself if anything looks weak. Their mobile cores have
           | stagnated, their laptop attempts complete failures, and while
           | there's hints of life in data center it also seems mediocre
           | overall.
        
             | rwmj wrote:
             | Don't forget their "brilliant" strategy of suing their own
             | customers.
        
               | dagmx wrote:
               | Being a customer shouldn't protect a company from
               | lawsuits. ARM feels they have merit here , just like
               | Qualcomm did when they sued Apple. It's not that rare in
               | the corporate setting to have suits between companies
               | with otherwise amicable relationships.
        
               | rwmj wrote:
               | The optics can still be terrible. Qualcomm (or more
               | accurately, Nuvia, the company they acquired) produced
               | some stunning chips with almost unheard of battery life
               | for a laptop, and Arm are suing them to use their own
               | inferior designs. They even tried to have end user
               | laptops recalled and destroyed! There's no world where
               | this looks good for Arm.
        
               | dagmx wrote:
               | There's a very clear bias and idolization in this comment
               | of yours which is based on a misunderstanding of the case
               | at hand.
               | 
               | ARM aren't trying to force Qualcomm to use ARMs cores.
               | They're trying to force them to update the licensing
               | royalties to make up for the (as ARM sees it) licensing
               | term violations of Nuvia who had a design license for
               | specific use cases.
               | 
               | The part you reference (using ARM designs) is the
               | fallback if Qualcomm lose their design license.
               | 
               | The destruction of the chips is standard practice to
               | request in cases of license and IP infringement .
        
               | kllrnohj wrote:
               | Qualcomm already had a design license prior to the
               | acquisition of Nuvia. They were doing custom cores back
               | in the original Kryo days which were an in-house custom
               | ARMv8.0-A design.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The terms of that license was specific to what they can
               | do. ARM is claiming it doesn't cover some of the things
               | they are doing.
               | 
               | I'm not enough of a lawyer to figure out who is right.
        
               | dagmx wrote:
               | Their design license doesn't extend to Nuvia's IP however
               | according to ARM.
               | 
               | That is the entire crux of the issue. ARM gave Nuvia a
               | specific license, and then Nuvia was acquired which
               | transferred the IP to a license that ARM did not extend
               | it to.
        
               | klelatti wrote:
               | Hypothetically, if Qualcomm have broken their Arm
               | licenses in a way that damages Arm's business do you
               | think Arm are supposed to just let them carry on? Should
               | Arm say 'legal action won't look good so we'll just let
               | it pass'?
               | 
               | And the fact that Qualcomm got just about everyone to
               | endorse the acquisition ahead of announcing it but didn't
               | even tell Arm is a bit of a tell.
        
               | rwmj wrote:
               | Arm's major competition is RISC-V. Qualcomm engineers
               | have been joining the important RISC-V committees
               | recently. If Arm beats Qualcomm in the courts, Qualcomm
               | will switch to RISC-V, and then Arm will have won the
               | battle but lost the war.
        
               | klelatti wrote:
               | If Qualcomm loses to Arm in the courts then they have a
               | big problem in 2025 which switching to RISC-V at some
               | point in the future will not solve for them.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | This feels a bit pedantic. ARM-the-CPU-architecture is
             | increasingly making inroads with more efficient designs
             | that deliver comparable performance to Intel's x86 chips,
             | thanks to Apple and Qualcomm. ARM-the-holding-company is
             | not doing that, they just make mediocre designs and own IP.
        
               | kllrnohj wrote:
               | The post I was replying to had 3 other companies
               | mentioned or referred to (INTC, AMD, and NVDA), it seems
               | odd that they'd suddenly have meant ARM-the-ISA instead
               | of ARM-the-company when ISA wasn't otherwise being
               | discussed at all.
               | 
               | But even if they meant ARM-the-ISA, that'd still put it
               | in a fragile position when the 2 clear market leaders in
               | the ARM-the-ISA space have no particular allegiance to
               | ARM-the-ISA (Apple having changed ISAs several times
               | already, and QCOM both being active in RISC-V and also
               | being sued by ARM-the-company)
        
           | kranke155 wrote:
           | Apple saw the writing on the wall and bailed years ago, built
           | their own chips and denied them a large customer.
           | 
           | It's a really bad sign when a customer decides it can out
           | innovate you by internally copying your entire business and
           | production line.
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | > It's a really bad sign when a customer decides it can out
             | innovate you by internally copying your entire business and
             | production line.
             | 
             | Not necessarily, at scale, especially Apple's scale,
             | vertical integration can make a ton of sense - for control,
             | innovation, price, risk hedging.
        
               | manquer wrote:
               | It is not apple's decision that is the bad sign. There
               | can be plenty of reasons for that as you mention and
               | wouldn't be of note if their chips were poorer or even
               | similar to intel in performance
               | 
               | It is the fact they can build a much better chip in
               | almost any metric so far ahead of Intel is the red flag.
        
             | jayd16 wrote:
             | They haven't made their own fabs. Not yet, anyway.
             | 
             | And historically, wasn't this juts an extension of their
             | fight with Samsung in the mobile space more than a
             | rejection of Intel?
        
           | tiahura wrote:
           | _last few years._
           | 
           | It's pretty much two decades at this point.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Intel needed to be split in two as well, which Gelsinger only
         | half-heartedly did. He split the company into two functions -
         | foundry and design, but didn't take that to its logical
         | conclusion and split up the company completely.
        
           | BirAdam wrote:
           | They legally cannot split due to the CHIPS Act.
        
             | rwmj wrote:
             | No idea if that's true or not, but the CHIPS Act didn't
             | exist when he started as CEO.
        
             | ethbr1 wrote:
             | Not entirely true. It just requires that Intel retain a 51%
             | stake in any split foundry company.
        
               | CoastalCoder wrote:
               | I wonder about the details of this.
               | 
               | For example, could "Intel A" continue to own the
               | foundries, split off "Intel B" as the owner of the
               | product lines, and then do some rebranding shenanigans so
               | that the CPUs are still _branded_ as  "Intel"?
        
               | __d wrote:
               | eg. HP and HPE.
               | 
               | I don't know if it's legally possible, but HP shows the
               | branding bit can kinda work.
        
           | paulpan wrote:
           | Agree with OP that Intel was probably too deep into its
           | downward spiral. While it seems Pat tried to make changes,
           | including expanding into GPUs, it either wasn't enough or too
           | much for the Intel board.
           | 
           | Splitting Intel is necessary but probably infeasible at this
           | point in the game. Simple fact is that Intel Foundry Services
           | has nothing to offer against the likes of TSMC and Samsung -
           | perhaps only cheaper prices and even then it's unproven to
           | fab any non-Intel chips. So the only way to keep it afloat is
           | by continuing to fab Intel's own designs, until 18A node
           | becomes viable/ready.
        
             | mnau wrote:
             | He failed on GPU. The product was substandard.
             | 
             | That means either he knew and allowed it to happen, which
             | is bad, or he didn't know and allowed GPU division to
             | squander the resources, which is even worse. Either way, it
             | was an adventure Intel couldn't afford.
             | 
             | There is a similar story in other areas.
        
               | dralley wrote:
               | It's worth mentioning that IIRC the team responsible for
               | the Arc GPU drivers was located in Russia, and after the
               | invasion of Ukraine they had to deal with relocating the
               | entire team to the EU and lost several engineers in the
               | process. The drivers were the primary reason for the
               | absolute failure of Arc.
               | 
               | Intel deserves a lot of blame but they also got hit by
               | some really shit circumstances outside of their control.
        
               | mnau wrote:
               | He was CEO. Chief _executing_ officer. It 's literally
               | his job to execute, i.e. fix that stuff/ensure it doesn't
               | happen. Get them out of Russia, poach new devs, have a
               | backup team, delay the product (i.e. no HVM until good
               | drivers are in sight). That's literally his job.
               | 
               | This only reinforces my previous point. He had good
               | ideas, but couldn't execute.
        
               | rvba wrote:
               | Executive, not executing.
               | 
               | On a side note getting people in russia write your
               | drivers sounds a bit insane. Yea lower cost and probably
               | ok quality, but the risks...
        
               | jpadkins wrote:
               | CEO stands for Chief Executive Officer.
               | 
               | a chief executive officer, the highest-ranking person in
               | a company or other institution, ultimately responsible
               | for making managerial decisions.
               | 
               | Maybe you mean COO?
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | > shit circumstances outside of their control.
               | 
               | They chose to outsource the development of their core
               | products to a country like Russia to save costs. How was
               | that outside of their control? It's not like it was the
               | most stable or reliable country to do business in even
               | before 2022...
        
               | kgeist wrote:
               | Russia is reliable when it comes to software engineering.
               | I've met a few guys from Intel Russia, bright folks. The
               | politics, though...
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | Individual Russian software developers might be reliable
               | but that's hardly the point. They should've just moved
               | them to US or even Germany or something like that if they
               | were serious about entering the GPU market, though...
               | 
               | e.g. There are plenty of talented engineers in China as
               | well but it would be severely idiotic for any western
               | company to move their core R&D there. Same applied to
               | Russia.
        
               | kgeist wrote:
               | Well, Intel Russia opened in 2000 back when USA and
               | Russia were on good terms, and Putin was relatively
               | unknown. Sure it was a mistake in hindsight...
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | I doubt they began working on ARC/XE drivers back in
               | 2000. If the entire driver team being in Russia (i.e.
               | Intel trying to save money) was truly the main reason why
               | ARC failed on launch they really only have themselves to
               | blame...
        
               | lucianbr wrote:
               | I think if you're CEO of Intel, some foresight might be
               | in order. Or else the ability to find a solution fast
               | when things turn impredictibly sour. What did he get a
               | $16mil salary for?
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | It had been obvious for quite a while even before 2022.
               | There were the Chechen wars, and Georgia in 2008, and
               | Crimea in 2014. All the journalists and opposition
               | politicians killed over the years, and the constant
               | concentration of power in the hands of Putin. The Ukraine
               | invasion was difficult to predict, but Russia was a
               | dangerous place long before that. It's a CEO's job to
               | have a strategic vision, there must have been contingency
               | plans.
        
               | kgeist wrote:
               | Wars involving the US in the 21st century:
               | War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)       US intervention in
               | Yemen (2002-present)       Iraq War (2003-2011)       US
               | intervention in the War in North-West Pakistan
               | (2004-2018)       Second US Intervention in the Somali
               | Civil War (2007-present)       Operation Ocean Shield
               | (2009-2016)       Intervention in Libya (2011)
               | Operation Observant Compass (2011-2017)       US military
               | intervention in Niger (2013-2024)       US-led
               | intervention in Iraq (2014-2021)       US intervention in
               | the Syrian civil war (2014-present)       US intervention
               | in Libya (2015-2019)       Operation Prosperity Guardian
               | (2023-present)
               | 
               | Wars involving Russia in the 21st century:
               | Second Chechen War (1999-2009)       Russo-Georgian War
               | (2008)       Russo-Ukrainian War (2014-present)
               | Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War
               | (2015-present)       Central African Republic Civil War
               | (2018-present)       Mali War (2021-present)
               | Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso (2024-present)
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | I don't know what you are trying to say. If you have a
               | point to make, at least be honest about it.
               | 
               | Also, I am not American and not an I conditional
               | supporter of their foreign policy. And considering the
               | trajectory of American politics it is obvious that any
               | foreign multinational developing in the US should have
               | contingency plans.
        
               | kgeist wrote:
               | My point was that great powers are always in some kind of
               | military conflict, so it's not really a deciding factor
               | when choosing where to build an R&D.
               | 
               | Putin's concentration of power has been alarming, but
               | only since around 2012, to be honest. It was relatively
               | stable between 2000 and 2012 in general (minus isolated
               | cases of mysterious deaths and imprisonments). Russia was
               | business-friendly back then, open to foreign investors,
               | and most of Putin's authoritarian laws were yet to be
               | issued. Most of the conflicts Russia was involved in were
               | viewed as local conflicts in border areas (Chechen
               | separatism, disputed Georgian territories, frozen East
               | Ukrainian conflict, etc.). Only in 2022 did the Ukraine
               | war escalate to its current scale, and few people really
               | saw it coming (see: thousands of European/American
               | businesses operating in Russia by 2022 without any issue)
               | 
               | So I kind of see why Intel didn't do much about it until
               | 2022. In fact, they even built a second R&D center in
               | 2020... (20 years after the first one).
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | Yeah, so if you're a Russian company, you shouldn't
               | outsource to the US. Or what are you trying to tell us?
        
               | aguaviva wrote:
               | Not just in hindsight -- but by 2011 it was clear to
               | anyone paying attention where Russia was heading (if not
               | to war, then certainly to a long-term dictatorship).
               | Anyone who failed to see the signs, or chose to
               | intellectualize past them - did so willingly.
        
               | timschmidt wrote:
               | > He failed on GPU. The product was substandard.
               | 
               | I will never understand this line of reasoning. Why would
               | anyone expect an initial offering to match or best
               | similar offerings from the industry leader? Isn't it
               | understood that leadership requires several revisions to
               | get right?
        
               | mnau wrote:
               | Oh, poor multi billion company. We should buy its product
               | with poor value, just to make it feel better.
               | 
               | Intel had money and decades of integrated GPU experience.
               | Any new entrant to the market must justify the value to
               | the buyer. Intel didn't. He could sell them cheap to try
               | to make a position in the market, though I think that
               | would be a poor strategy (didn't have financials to make
               | it work).
        
               | timschmidt wrote:
               | I think you misunderstood me. I wasn't calling for people
               | to purchase a sub-par product, rather for management and
               | investors to be less fickle and ADHD when it comes to
               | engineering efforts one should reasonably expect to take
               | several product cycles.
               | 
               | Honestly, even with their iGPU experience, Arc was a
               | pretty impressive first dGPU since the i740. The pace of
               | their driver improvement and their linux support have
               | both been impressive. They've offered some niche features
               | like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Graphics_Technol
               | ogy#Grap... which Nvidia limits to their professional
               | series.
               | 
               | I don't care if they have to do the development at a loss
               | for half a dozen cycles, having a quality GPU is a
               | requirement for any top-tier chip supplier these days.
               | They should bite the bullet, attempt to recoup what they
               | can in sales, but keep iterating toward larger wins.
               | 
               | I'm still upset with them for cancelling the larrabee
               | uarch, as I think it would be ideal for many ML
               | workloads. Who needs CUDA when it's just a few thousand
               | x86 threads? I'm sure it looked unfavorable on some
               | balance sheet, but it enabled unique workloads.
        
               | mnau wrote:
               | > I don't care if they have to do the development at a
               | loss for half a dozen cycles,
               | 
               | And here is the problem. You are discussing a dream
               | scenario with unlimited money. This thread is about how
               | CEO of Intel has retired/was kicked out (far more likely)
               | for business failures.
               | 
               | In real world, Intel was in a bad shape (see margins,
               | stock price ect) and couldn't afford to squander
               | resources. Intel couldn't commit and thus it should
               | adjust strategy. It didn't. Money was wasted that Intel
               | couldn't afford to waste.
        
               | timschmidt wrote:
               | Well, seeing as GPU is important across all client
               | segments, in workstation and datacenter, in console where
               | AMD has been dominant, and in emerging markets like
               | automotive self-driving, not having one means exiting the
               | industry in a different way.
               | 
               | I brought up Intel's insane chiplet [non-]strategy
               | elsewhere in the thread as an example where it's clear to
               | me that Intel screwed up. AMD made one chiplet and binned
               | it across their entire product spectrum. Intel made
               | dozens of chiplets, sometimes mirror images of otherwise
               | identical chiplets, which provides none of the yield and
               | binning benefits of AMD's strategy. Having a GPU in house
               | is a no-brainer, whatever the cost. Many other decisions
               | going on at Intel were not. I don't know of another chip
               | manufacturer that makes as many unique dies as Intel, or
               | has as many SKUs. A dGPU is only two or three of those
               | and opens up worlds of possibility across the product
               | line.
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | > He failed on GPU. The product was substandard.
               | 
               | Weren't they pretty good (price/performance) after Intel
               | fixed the drivers during the first year or so after
               | release? The real failure was taking so long to ship the
               | next gen..
        
               | paulpan wrote:
               | Disagree on "failed on GPU" as it depends on the goal.
               | 
               | Sure Intel GPUs are inferior to both Nvidia and AMD
               | flagship offerings, but they're competitive at a price-
               | to-performance ratio. I'd argue for a 1st gen product, it
               | was quite successful at opening up the market and
               | enabling for cross-selling opportunities with its CPUs.
               | 
               | That all said, I suspect the original intent was to
               | fabricate the GPUs on IFS instead of TSMC in order to
               | soak up idle capacity. But plans changed along the way
               | (for likely performance reasons) and added to the IFS's
               | poor perception.
        
               | 7speter wrote:
               | The issue with the GPUs is that their transistor to
               | performance ratio is poor. The A770 has as many
               | transistors as about a 3070ti but only performs as well
               | as a 3060 (3060ti on a good day).
               | 
               | So with that, they are outsourcing production of these
               | chips to TSMC and using nearly cutting edge processes
               | (battlemage is being announced tomorrow and will use
               | either TSMC 5 or 4), and the dies are pretty large. That
               | means they are paying for dies the size of 3080s and
               | retaling them at prices of 3060s.
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | The A770 actually has more transistors than the RTX 3070
               | Ti:
               | 
               | RTX 3070 Ti: 17,400 million transistors
               | 
               | A770: 21,700 million transistors
               | 
               | https://www.techpowerup.com/gpu-specs/geforce-
               | rtx-3070-ti.c3...
               | 
               | https://www.techpowerup.com/gpu-specs/arc-a770.c3914
               | 
               | It has taken Nvidia decades to figure out how to use
               | transistors as efficiently as it does. It was unlikely
               | for Intel to come close with their first discrete GPU in
               | decades.
               | 
               | That said, it is possible that better drivers would
               | increase A770 performance, although I suspect that
               | reaching parity with the RTX 3070 Ti would be a fantasy.
               | The RTX 3070 Ti has both more compute and more memory
               | bandwidth. The only advantage the A770 has on its side is
               | triple the L2 cache.
               | 
               | To make matters worse for Intel, I am told that games
               | tend to use vendor specific extensions to improve shader
               | performance and those extensions are of course not going
               | to be available to Intel GPUs running the same game. I am
               | under the impression that this is one of the reasons why
               | DXVK cannot outperform the Direct3D native stack on
               | Nvidia GPUs. The situation is basically what Intel did to
               | AMD with its compiler and the MKL in reverse.
               | 
               | In specific, information in these extensions is here:
               | 
               | https://gpuopen.com/amd-gpu-services-ags-library/
               | https://developer.nvidia.com/rtx/path-tracing/nvapi/get-
               | star...
               | 
               | Also, I vaguely recall that Doom Eternal used some AMD
               | extension that was later incorporated into vulkan 1.1,
               | but unless ID Software updated it, only AMD GPUs will be
               | using that. I remember seeing AMD advertising the
               | extension years ago, but I cannot find a reference when I
               | search for it now. I believe the DXVK developers would
               | know what it is if asked, as they are the ones that told
               | me about it (as per my recollection).
               | 
               | Anyway, Intel entered the market with the cards stacked
               | against it because of these extensions. On the bright
               | side, it is possible for Intel to level the playing field
               | by implementing the Vulkan extensions that its
               | competitors use to get an edge, but that will not help it
               | in Direct3D performance. I am not sure if it is possible
               | for Intel to implement those as they are tied much more
               | closely with their competitors' drivers. That said, this
               | is far from my area of expertise.
        
           | Wytwwww wrote:
           | > Intel needed to be split in two as well
           | 
           | Wouldn't that just pretty much guarantee that the foundry
           | business would fail since Intel wouldn't have any incentives
           | to shift most of their manufacturing to TSMC? The same thing
           | happened with AMD/Global Foundries..
        
             | mastax wrote:
             | AMD has a big wafer supply agreement with GlobalFoundries,
             | and has since the spinoff. It was exclusive until the
             | seventh WSA in 2019 which allowed AMD to purchase 7nm and
             | beyond from other suppliers (without paying penalties)
             | which was the only reasonable resolution after GloFo
             | cancelled their 7nm fab (which may have been the best thing
             | to happen to AMD). But AMD increased their GloFo orders in
             | May and December 2021 during the chip crunch to $2.1B total
             | through 2025. If you look at the first WSA amendment from
             | March 2011 it includes AMD agreeing to pay an additional
             | $430M if they get some (redacted) node in production in
             | time.
             | 
             | Anyway, whatever woes GloFo is facing you can't blame them
             | on AMD. They had an exclusivity deal for a decade which
             | only got broken when it was no longer tenable and AMD still
             | buys a ton of their wafers. I suppose AMD may have bought
             | more wafers if their products didn't suck for most of that
             | time but it had nothing to do with shifting production to
             | TSMC which only happened after GloFo gave up.
        
               | jpalawaga wrote:
               | right. so glofo couldn't keep up abandoned the bleeding
               | edge. what's the evidence that intel foundaries, divorced
               | from design, wouldn't suffer the same fate?
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | With the design side, Intel foundries have struggled to
               | keep up with TSMC. It's not clear that the design side
               | helps. My guess is that it's actually a question of
               | corporate culture, and that AMD's ambitious, driven
               | people stuck with AMD.
        
               | manquer wrote:
               | No evidence, intel doesn't have the resources to be
               | fighting tsmc, and, arm and nvidia, apple and samsung in
               | different technologies at the same time.( foundry, gpus,
               | cpus, NAND ,SSD etc) They already sold the NAND memory
               | business to SK hynix in 2021.
               | 
               | They will have to focus, that means getting out lines of
               | business which may likely die.
               | 
               | That would be better than going bankrupt and your
               | competitors picking the pieces
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | Oh, yes. They spent too many years as the obvious #1, with a
         | license to print money...when, longer-term, staying there
         | required that Intel remain top-of-league in two _profoundly_
         | difficult and fast-moving technologies (10e9+-transistor CPU
         | design, and manufacturing such chips). Meanwhile, the natural
         | rot of any large org - people getting promoted for their
         | ladder-climbing skills, and making decisions for their own
         | short-term benefit - were slow eating away at Intel 's ability
         | to stay at the top of those leagues.
        
         | tonetegeatinst wrote:
         | Who/what is BK? Are they the previous person who held Pat
         | Gelsingers position?
        
           | _huayra_ wrote:
           | Brian Krzanich, the CEO before Pat
        
             | davidczech wrote:
             | Don't forget Bob Swan
        
         | twoodfin wrote:
         | _They really need to clear house in a spectacular way but I 'm
         | not sure who could even do that at this point._
         | 
         | An alien from Vega looking at our constellation of tech
         | companies and their leadership might point at an obvious
         | answer...
        
         | alecco wrote:
         | I would argue there were many good things but not well
         | delivered. The Optane persistent memory should've been
         | revolutionary for databases but Intel just put it out and
         | expected people to do all the software.
         | 
         | I'm seeing the same thing now with Intel QAT / IAA / DSA. Only
         | niche software support. Only AWS seems to have it and those
         | "bare metal" machines don't even have local NVMe.
         | 
         | About 10 years ago Intel Research was publishing a lot of great
         | research but no software for the users.
         | 
         | Contrast it with Nvidia and their amazing software stack and
         | support for their hardware.
        
           | gondo wrote:
           | > Nvidia and their amazing software stack and support for
           | their hardware.
           | 
           | Linus seems to disagree
           | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=tQIdxbWhHSM
        
             | mnau wrote:
             | His comment has nothing to do with quality of software or
             | quality of support, but is about dealing with NVidia.
             | Trying to work with NVidia (as a hardware manufacturer)
             | must have been frustrating, but that has nothing to do with
             | quality of the software.
             | 
             | The video is 12 years old. A lot changed in the meantime.
             | 
             | AMD has open source drivers and crashes often. NVidia has
             | (or more precisely _had_ ) closed source drivers that
             | nearly always work.
        
             | alecco wrote:
             | That was about drivers and in 2012. At the time Linux was
             | not interesting for them as clients. But now with AI,
             | Nvidia has open source drivers.
             | 
             | https://www.phoronix.com/news/NVIDIA-Transitions-OSS-KMD
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | When I read the Intel QAT / IAA / DSA whitepaper I _knew_ it
           | was the beginning of the end for Intel.
           | 
           | Every aspect of that document was just dripping in corporate
           | dinosaur / MBA practices.
           | 
           | For example, they include 4 cores of these accelerators in
           | most of their Xeons, but _soft fuse them off_ unless you buy
           | a license.
           | 
           | Nobody is going to buy that license. Okay, maybe one or two
           | hyperscalers, but _nobody else_ for certain.
           | 
           | It's ultra-important with a feature like this to make it
           | _available_ to everybody, so that software is written to
           | utilise it. This includes the starving university student
           | contributing to Postgres, _not just_ some big-enterprise
           | customer that merely _buys_ their software!
           | 
           | They're doing the same stupid "gating" with AVX-512 as well,
           | where it's physically included in desktop chips, but it is
           | fused off so that server parts can be "differentiated".
           | 
           | Meanwhile AMD just makes _one_ compute tile that has a
           | uniform programming API across both desktop and server chips.
           | This means that geeks tuning their software to run on their
           | own PCs are inadvertently optimising them for AMD 's server
           | chips as well!
           | 
           | PS: Microsoft figured this out a while ago and they fixed
           | some of their products like SQL Server. It now enables
           | practically all features in all SKUs. Previously when only
           | Enterprise Edition has certain programmability features
           | _nobody would use them_ because software vendors couldn 't
           | write software that customers couldn't install because they
           | only had Standard Edition!
        
             | alecco wrote:
             | Preach. I gave up hoping on Intel after getting burned. I
             | feel sorry for the good talent there and I hope they find a
             | home somewhere better.
        
       | mythz wrote:
       | Well their stock is already in the dumps, they can't do much
       | worse than they already have been.
       | 
       | Divesting from their discrete GPUs just as they were starting to
       | become a viable value option was one of their most recent asinine
       | decisions. No idea why they didn't try test the market with a
       | high RAM 64GB+ card before bowing out to see how well they'd do.
       | Nvidia's too busy printing money to add more RAM to their
       | consumer GPUs, they'd have the cheap GPU VRAM market all to
       | themselves.
        
         | NKosmatos wrote:
         | Exactly, I was discussing this with a friend the other day. I'm
         | sure there must be a market for high RAM GPUs, even if they're
         | not as fast as NVIDIA GPUs.
        
           | JonChesterfield wrote:
           | Definitely is. That's what the various LLMs are running
           | inference on.
        
         | fancyfredbot wrote:
         | They aren't divesting from discrete GPUs. The Battlemage launch
         | is tomorrow.
        
           | riskable wrote:
           | Gelsinger doesn't think there will be any demand at all for
           | GPUs in the near future!
           | 
           | > "Gelsinger said the market will have less demand for
           | dedicated graphics cards in the future."
           | 
           | From: https://www.techspot.com/news/105407-intel-not-repeat-
           | lunar-...
           | 
           | He _may_ have been talking about something like,  "all GPU
           | stuff will just be integrated into the CPU" but I _highly_
           | doubt that 's realistic. Nvidia's latest chip die size is
           | _enormous_! Their new 5090 die is reportedly 744mm _squared_
           | : https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/gpus/the-
           | rtx-5090...
           | 
           | There's _no way_ you 're going to be getting an equivalent
           | level of performance from a CPU with integrated GPU when the
           | GPU part of the die needs to be _that_ big.
        
             | fancyfredbot wrote:
             | He said less demand. He didn't say there would be no
             | demand. Importantly he didn't say intel was divesting
             | discrete GPUs. Perhaps even more importantly they
             | demonstrably aren't divesting.
        
           | downvotetruth wrote:
           | With the B770 16GB gone and the idea for the B580 to be
           | cheaper than current 7600 XT @ 16 GB by cutting 4 GB makes
           | Battlemage DOA. A gamer making an investment on a card for ~3
           | years cares less about spending ~$30 more vs being unable to
           | run high resolution texture packs on a gimped GPU. The XMX
           | cores are superior for AI for a month until Blackwell with
           | smaller 2 and 4FP units, but a month is too little lead to
           | overcome the CUDA software inertia. The next beancounter CEO
           | gets the gift of terrible sales numbers and the excuse to
           | drop the prices to move them out before RTX 5000 & RX 8000
           | competition hits.
        
             | fancyfredbot wrote:
             | Maybe you are right and Battlemage is DOA. Perhaps intel
             | know that and just want to dump inventory before announcing
             | they will get out of the GPU business.
             | 
             | On the other hand, maybe not.
             | 
             | My point is that although you might think they are going to
             | divest the GPU business in future, we don't know that for
             | sure and it's kind of weird to present it as having already
             | happened.
        
               | downvotetruth wrote:
               | Intel won't divest the GPU business. Xe2 is well
               | architectured as an efficient iGPU and has market fit
               | there. The problem is taking it the other way to discrete
               | high end and data center rather than the opposite as
               | NVidia has done with GPUs and AMD with CPUs. Using the
               | low end consumer loss leader to experiment on
               | architecture and new nodes that then scales to the high
               | end has been Intel's strategy, which is logical from a
               | foundry perspective for monolithic chips, but failing to
               | flip it to the new chiplet and data center investment
               | reality is killing the company.
        
         | eigenvalue wrote:
         | It still has a market cap over over $100b. Trust me, things can
         | absolutely get worse from here. The default state of big
         | companies that have been deeply mismanaged for 10+ years is
         | that they go bust and end up getting bought out for a pittance.
         | If the fabs can't be made to work in a reasonable timeframe
         | when they are still competitive in the marketplace, then they
         | turn out to be giant write-offs and malinvestment only good for
         | shielding future income from taxes.
        
       | jarbus wrote:
       | Not an insider, but this doesn't seem good. I more or less agreed
       | with every call Intel's made over the past few years, and was
       | bullish on 18A. I liked that Pat was an engineer. His interim
       | replacements don't seem to have that expertise.
       | 
       | Intel wasn't doing great to start, but Pat put it on the path,
       | potentially, towards greatness. Now even that is in major
       | jeopardy.
        
         | mepian wrote:
         | >His interim replacements don't seem to have that expertise.
         | 
         | MJ has a pretty good reputation inside the company.
        
       | ridruejo wrote:
       | I got to meet and interact with Pat a few times while he was the
       | CEO of VMware. I really liked him and his approach to things. He
       | has done the best he could with the hand that was dealt to him.
        
       | acheong08 wrote:
       | Is this not a bit too short a time for results to show yet?
       | Turning a ship too many times would just result in it spinning in
       | circles around the same position
        
         | n144q wrote:
         | Part of me is wondering if in an imaginary world, these same
         | people are on AMD's board, would Lisu Su have already been
         | fired a few years ago?
        
         | mrandish wrote:
         | >Is this not a bit too short a time for results to show yet?
         | 
         | Pat so suddenly getting "retired" like this isn't based on the
         | success or failure of the new foundry nodes. You're correct
         | that they weren't supposed to ship yet anyway. With this news
         | most are expecting they'll be (further) delayed soon, but the
         | real cause of today's action is strategic.
         | 
         | Things at Intel are so far gone that there's now no choice but
         | to look at splitting up the company and/or selling/merging key
         | parts off. Pat didn't want to preside over breaking up Intel,
         | he wanted to save the company by shipping the new nodes. This
         | was always a long shot plan which would require the existing
         | businesses to do well and new things like GPUs to contribute
         | while massively cutting costs in other areas.
         | 
         | Those things didn't work out. The GPUs were late and under
         | performed forcing them to be sold near break even. The market
         | for desktop and laptop CPUs was much softer than expected for
         | macro economic reasons and, worse, there were massive, delayed
         | death field failures of the last two gens of desktop CPUs.
         | Competitors like AMD generally took more share from Intel
         | faster than expected in other markets like data center. The big
         | layoffs announced last Summer should have been done in 2021.
         | Those things combined caused time and money to run out sooner
         | than the new nodes could show up to save the day. This is
         | reality finally being acknowledged. Frankly, this should have
         | happened last Summer or even earlier. Now the value has eroded
         | further making it even harder to save what's left.
        
       | osnium123 wrote:
       | This is very bad news for any hopes of establishing a homegrown
       | foundry in the US.
        
       | Dalewyn wrote:
       | At this point I eagerly await DOGE and the incoming Congress to
       | slash and repeal CHIPS and other such funds going to Intel and
       | let the market figure this out, because neither Intel nor the US
       | government can.
        
         | mepian wrote:
         | The market already figured out that it doesn't want leading
         | edge manufacturing in the US.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Politicians and the military disagree though. They can place
           | plenty of pressure on the market to change the market's mind
           | if they care to.
        
             | tokioyoyo wrote:
             | They'll need to dump a lot more money than $8B to Intel to
             | compete in all fronts of manufacturing with China, and
             | focus on it for a decade. Those time horizons are
             | politically impossible, since next elections are less than
             | 4 years away. That being said, competition is good.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | There are a number of things they are doing other than
               | direct money. Buy American acts, sanctions (and other
               | taxes/deductions). Even the threat to do something that
               | isn't done is a powerful tool.
        
           | tivert wrote:
           | > The market already figured out that it doesn't want leading
           | edge manufacturing in the US.
           | 
           | Exactly. The market figured out there's a lot of _short-term_
           | profit to be made for shareholders in selling off the nation
           | 's industry, and moving it down the value chain. They're
           | running the country like a legacy business they're winding
           | down.
           | 
           | Give Wall Street a few more decades, and the US will have an
           | agriculture and resource extraction economy.
        
         | Eumenes wrote:
         | Politicians love giving mega industries blank checks.
        
         | blitzar wrote:
         | I have a sizeable bet that government spending will be higher
         | after the term is up. I am not at all worried about losing the
         | bet.
        
       | not_your_vase wrote:
       | Unfortunately not surprising, looking at the past year or so.
       | 
       | When he took over, I remember the enthusiasm and optimism, not
       | only in business, but in hacker circles also. It's a pity it
       | didn't work out. I wonder if it is even possible to save Intel
       | (not trying to imply that "if Gelsinger can't do it, than no one
       | can", just wondering if Intel is just doomed, regardless of what
       | their management does).
        
       | highwaylights wrote:
       | The market seems to think this is great news. I disagree strongly
       | here, but I can see why traders and potentially the board thought
       | this was the right move.
       | 
       | A lot of hate for Pat Gelsinger on Reddit and YouTube from
       | armchair experts who don't really grasp the situation Intel were
       | in or what was needed to turn the ship around, so if he was
       | pushed it seems like it might be to pacify the (not particularly
       | informed) YouTube/gamer community and bump the share price.
       | That's all speculation, though.
       | 
       | I'd be interested to see who Intel intends to get to run the
       | company in his place, as that would signal which audience they're
       | trying to keep happy here (if any).
        
         | rsanek wrote:
         | why would the board care about "pacifying the YouTube/gamer
         | community"? seems like a very unlikely reason for a CEO to be
         | fired.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | If anything, the streams are reversed.
           | 
           | I'd expect Intel marketing and Public Relations to be paying
           | YouTube Influencers to have a particular opinion, the one
           | most favorable to the board.
        
         | etempleton wrote:
         | Both of the Co-CEOs have a finance background. I think that is
         | rather telling. They are trying to appeal to Wallstreet and
         | potentially have people that are equipped to manage an M&A
         | deal.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | The guy that got them into this situation started as an
           | engineer. Swan was a money guy, but he did better than
           | Krzanich. So, I think it is just hard to guess based on
           | somebody's background how they'll do.
           | 
           | However, IMO: they need somebody like Lisa Su, somebody with
           | more of an R&D-engineering background. Gelsinger was a step
           | in the right direction, but he got a masters degree in the
           | 80's and did technically hardcore stuff in the late 80's,
           | early 90's. That was when stuff just started to explode.
           | 
           | Su finished her PhD in the 90's, and did technically
           | interesting stuff through the computer revolution. It appears
           | to have made a world of difference.
        
         | Aromasin wrote:
         | Agreed. My career at Intel coincided with Pat's, although I
         | jumped ship a little earlier. Admittedly this means I probably
         | have a little bias, but based on my hundreds of conversations
         | with Intel vets I do think his business strategy was the right
         | decision. He came on board a company years behind on process,
         | packaging, and architecture technology after years of
         | mismanagement by a largely nontechnical staff, which favoured
         | buybacks and acquisitions over core business practice.
         | 
         | He had two routes with the capital available following a cash
         | injection from COVID-19 and the rapid digitization of the
         | workplace - compete with AMD/NVIDIA, or compete with
         | TSMC/Samsung. The only sensible option that would capture the
         | kind of capital needed to turn the ship around would be to
         | become a company critical to the national security of the US,
         | during a time of geopolitical stability, onshoring chip
         | manufacture and receiving support from the government in doing
         | so. He could either compete with competitors at home or those
         | abroad, but not both simultaneously. The thesis makes sense;
         | you've lost the advantage to NVIDIA/AMD, so pivot to become a
         | partner rather than a rival.
         | 
         | I don't think it's a coincidence that just a week after Intel
         | finally received the grant from the government, he announced
         | his departure. The CHIPS act was a seminal moment in his
         | career. It makes sense he'd want to see that through till
         | completion. He's 63; now is as good a time as ever to hand over
         | the reins, in this case to a very capable duo of MJ and Zisner
         | (who were always two of the most impressive EVPs of the bunch
         | in my book).
        
           | paulpan wrote:
           | Pat was seemed to understand the criticality of fabrication
           | process lead in today's day and age. Hence his push and
           | decision to invest in IFS, plus to win over the government
           | funding to sustain the effort.
           | 
           | In short, a bad or subpar chip design/architecture can be
           | masked by having the chip fabricated on a leading edge node
           | but not the inverse. Hence everyone is vying for capacity on
           | TSMC's newest nodes - especially Apple in trying to secure
           | all capacity for themselves.
        
           | 7speter wrote:
           | I'm not in the industry but from what I gather, i agree with
           | you 100%. Bloomberg published an article on the matter
           | though, but it seems they are reporting that Gelsinger was
           | pushed out by a frustrated board because of "slow progress."
           | This is a real head scratcher to me, even as someone looking
           | in:
           | 
           | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-12-02/intel-
           | ceo...
        
         | mrweasel wrote:
         | The market isn't really the greatest indicator of anything.
         | Gelsinger has spend three years trying to turn Intel around and
         | the company is only now starting to turn the wheel. It will be
         | at least another three years before we see any results. The
         | market doesn't have a three year patience, three months maybe.
         | 
         | I hold no opinion on Pat Gelsinger, but changing the CEO in the
         | middle of ensuring that Intel remains relevant in the long
         | term, seems like a bad move. Probably his plan for "fixing"
         | Intel is to slow for the market and the board. Let's see who
         | takes over, if it's not an engineer, then things just became
         | more dangerous for Intel. The interim people are an
         | administrator and a sales person, that does not bode well.
        
           | moh_maya wrote:
           | IIRC, Lisa Su and her team took nearly decade to orchestrate
           | the turn-around at AMD, and they are still a distant second
           | player in GPUs. Expecting Pat Gelsinger to turn around Intel
           | (or any company in an industry with such long development and
           | tech lead times), and replacing him in 3 years - given that
           | he is an engineer with extensive domain and leadership
           | experience - seems - reactive, as opposed to thoughtful and
           | directed.
           | 
           | Wonder if they will approach Lisa Su to take the job now :D
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | > and the company is only now starting to turn the wheel
           | 
           | How is it starting to turn the wheel?
        
             | 7speter wrote:
             | It takes something like 5 or 6 years to go from the drawing
             | board for a chip design, and many years to create a process
             | node. Gelsinger hasn't really even had the chance to
             | execute on designs that were started during his tenure. My
             | understanding is that would've started with Intel 18A.
        
               | paxys wrote:
               | That doesn't really answer the question. Yes he has
               | started initiatives that will take 5-6 years to pan out.
               | Is there an early indication that they aren't all duds?
               | How can anyone state with any certainty that Intel is on
               | a better path today than it was 4 years ago when every
               | single measurable metric is continuing to decline?
        
       | hunglee2 wrote:
       | Gelsinger got screwed by the CHIPS Act.
       | 
       | The promise of state backing for a US champion SC fab was taken
       | seriously by Gelsinger, who went all-in in trying to remake Intel
       | as TSMC 2.0. But the money turned out to be way too late and far
       | more conditional than Gelsinger thought. This is bad news for
       | Intel, bad news for US industrial policy
        
         | eigenvalue wrote:
         | It was a big mistake to rely on Government handouts to save the
         | company then. You never want to rely on something you have
         | almost no control over.
        
           | hunglee2 wrote:
           | yeah true. Also the govt prob not used to state intervention
           | in this way - learning a lot of new lessons on how to do it,
           | on the fly
        
       | jordanmorgan10 wrote:
       | Enjoy retirement Pat! His book "The Juggling Act" was very
       | formative for me in my early years in tech, I really enjoyed it.
        
       | 627467 wrote:
       | These large troubled incumbents seems to have infinite lives to
       | linger on towards a slow death path destroying value in their
       | journey. Like Boeing, why does intel hangs around taking up
       | space, opportunities, resources, one failed attempt after another
       | failed attempt instead of making space for newer ideas,
       | organizations? at this point is so clear these public companies
       | are just milking the moat their predecessors built around them
       | and the good will (or is it naive will) of their new investors
       | who continue to pour money buying out the ones jumping ship
        
         | chang1 wrote:
         | Reminds me of Jobs quoting Gil Amelio at D5[1]:
         | 
         | > Gil was a nice guy, but he had a saying. He said, 'Apple is
         | like a ship with a hole in the bottom, leaking water, and my
         | job is to get the ship pointed in the right direction.'
         | 
         | [1]: https://youtu.be/wvhW8cp15tk?t=1263
        
       | etempleton wrote:
       | I feel like this is a mistake. Pat's strategy is aggressive but
       | what the company needs.
       | 
       | Intel's stock is jumping at this announcement, but I look at it
       | as a bad signal for Intel 18a. If 18a was looking to be a smash
       | hit then I don't think Pat gets retired. If 18a is a success then
       | it is an even more short-sighted decision by the board.
       | 
       | What this likely means is two-fold:
       | 
       | 1. Intel 18a is being delayed further and/or there are
       | significant issues that will hamstring performance.
       | 
       | 2. Pat is/was unwilling to split the foundry and design business
       | / be part of a M&A but the board wants to do one or the other.
       | 
       | If 18a is not ready I think the best case scenario for Intel is a
       | merger with AMD. The US Govt would probably co-sign on it for
       | national security concerns overriding the fact that it creates an
       | absolute monopoly on x86 processors. The moat of the two
       | companies together would give the new combined company plenty of
       | time to ramp up their fabs.
        
         | KeplerBoy wrote:
         | Why would the US govt allow a merge with AMD?
         | 
         | Sure they won't allow Intel to be bought by a foreign company,
         | but surely everyone would much rather see Intel being bought by
         | literally any other company than AMD and Nvidia.
        
           | jacoblambda wrote:
           | Maybe they'll sell Intel to Northrop Grumman /hj
        
             | Cumpiler69 wrote:
             | Boeing should buy Intel the way they bought McDonald
             | Douglass. It's gonna be a success, trust me.
        
               | jacoblambda wrote:
               | Hey I mean two negatives make a positive right? Can't
               | possibly go any worse than it already is.
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | Probably should add GMC in there.
             | 
             | I heard they're building a iOS / android replacement. Think
             | of the vertical integration!
             | 
             | I'm picturing a boot-looping cargo plane full of hummers
             | dropping like a stone -- doesn't get much more vertically
             | integrated than that. Think of all the layers they can
             | eliminate.
        
               | ahartmetz wrote:
               | "Vertical velocity" is the new buzzword in professional
               | businessing
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | Nvidia makes a lot more sense than AMD; it is better for the
           | market (preserving some competition in x86), and at least
           | Intel does something Nvidia doesn't.
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | China and the EU would never allow an Nvidia Intel merger,
             | not under any scenario the US would find acceptable.
             | 
             | They'll barely allow Nvidia to acquire anybody at this
             | point, no matter how small. See recent EU response to
             | Run:ai. Intel would be considered 100x worse.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | Why would China and the EU have input on a US merger?
        
               | tiahura wrote:
               | Do they want to sell pentiums in China or EU?
        
               | maeil wrote:
               | If this is a rhetorical question, just make your point
               | instead.
               | 
               | If not, look up e.g. Microsoft 's purchase of Activision,
               | both US companies.
        
               | Cumpiler69 wrote:
               | Because Intel, AMD, etc have offices in EU and China, for
               | sales, distribution and also R&D. If you intend to
               | operate in those markets you need to comply with local
               | regulations.
        
               | adra wrote:
               | The same reason as anything else. If the merger goes
               | ahead with opposition from foreign markets, those markets
               | can impose import tariffs or outright bans. Smaller
               | markets may be ones these combined companies are willing
               | to piss off, but not Europe. Their opposition is defacto
               | a deal killer.
        
               | corimaith wrote:
               | They literally don't any serious homegrown alternative
               | though, they'd be effectively forfeiting the AI race
        
               | mnau wrote:
               | China doesn't care. They are banned from buying western
               | HW or making their own at TSMC/Samsung. They are pouring
               | hundreds of billions to the semiconductor ecosystem.
               | 
               | Huawei is trying to make establish domestic
               | Ascend/MindSpore ecosystem, but they are limited by the
               | SMIC process (~7nm). Amount of defects is allegedly
               | rather high, but they are the only "official" game in
               | town (other than smuggled NVIDIA cards or outsources
               | datacenters in Middle East).
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | > Why
               | 
               | Well they obviously would..
               | 
               | Also EU has promised various significant subsidies to
               | Intel. They obviously has fabs in Ireland and building
               | one in Germany and perhaps even Poland..
        
             | jacoblambda wrote:
             | What do they do that Nvidia doesn't (and that Nvidia would
             | care about)?
             | 
             | They already do networking, photonics, GPUs, high speed
             | interconnects, and CPUs. They are planning on selling their
             | FPGAs (the Altera acquisition) to Lattice.
             | 
             | The only things left are their fab ops, thunderbolt/usbc,
             | wifi, and ble.
             | 
             | Their fab ops would take over a decade of heavy investment
             | to catch up to TSMC or Samsung and idk if even Nvidia is
             | ambitious enough to take that on.
             | 
             | Wifi and BLE could be good additions if they wanted to
             | branch out their mellanox portfolio to wireless.
             | Thunderbolt/USB C also might be worthwhile.
             | 
             | But that IP is probably going to be cheaper to buy
             | piecemeal so idk if it's worth it to buy the whole company
             | outright.
        
               | TheBigSalad wrote:
               | x86 CPUs.
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | Yeah I wonder if maybe the x86 license is the most
               | valuable art of Intel at this point...
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | X86 cores remain pretty good at branchy, lightly threaded
               | codes, right?
        
               | jacoblambda wrote:
               | Unfortunately rights to the x86_64 license expire on the
               | event of transfer of either company to a new owner.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I mean, ARM designs have had some wins lately, but x86
               | still does quite well in single-thread performance,
               | right? Excluding Apple, because they are magic--Amazon,
               | Ampere, these ARM CPUs make a reasonable pitch for
               | applications that use lots of cores well, but that isn't
               | every application.
        
           | etempleton wrote:
           | What other US companies are equipped and interested in
           | running a giant chip design/fab? NVIDIA and AMD are likely
           | the only two candidates.
        
             | KeplerBoy wrote:
             | There are also options like Texas Instruments or Microchip.
             | Of course far more unlikely than either nvidia or amd, but
             | definitely options.
        
             | esskay wrote:
             | I do not at all think it will happen, nor does it make any
             | sense at all but the rumours of Apple seemingly being
             | interested in buying out Intel dont seem to be going away.
             | 
             | I can see them wanting certain parts of the business (GPU
             | mainly) but on a whole it doesn't make a lot of sense.
             | 
             | I don't see Intel as a single entity being valuable to any
             | US business really. You're essentially buying last years
             | fall line, theres very little use for Intel's fabs without
             | a huge amount being spent on them to get them up to modern
             | standards.
             | 
             | It'll all come down to IP and people that'll be the true
             | value.
        
               | etempleton wrote:
               | Apple is interesting. They certainly have the money and I
               | think the idea of fabricating their own chips appeals to
               | Apple, but at then end of the day I don't really think it
               | makes sense. Apple won't want to fab for others or design
               | chips for others.
               | 
               | The only way it happens is if it is kept separate kind of
               | like the Beats acquisition. Apple lends some chip designs
               | to Intel and Apple starts fabricating their chips on
               | Intel fabs, but otherwise the companies operate
               | independently.
        
             | JonChesterfield wrote:
             | Apple is the obvious one. Essentially the only place with
             | both the capital to do it and the extreme vertical
             | integration enthusiasm. AMD hopefully still remembers
             | running a fab.
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | The only thing that Apple might find even remotely useful
               | are Intel's fabs. The rest of the business would have to
               | be sold ton someone else or closed down (which would
               | never be approved by the government).
               | 
               | Even then there is zero indication that Apple would ever
               | want to do their own manufacturing.
        
               | KerrAvon wrote:
               | The government desperately wants US fabs because the
               | military requires tech and it's increasingly dangerous to
               | rely on globalization when the globe is going nuts -- the
               | rest of it doesn't really matter.
        
             | hypercube33 wrote:
             | Micron Technology is the only one that comes to mind, but
             | they are more on the memory side of things - the last time
             | they were on level with Intel was in the 90s when they both
             | made DRAM but intel pivoted to processors and networking
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Ford, GM... The big automakers got burned with the chip
             | shortage after COVID (this is their fault, but still they
             | got burned)
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | That would be a hard call
           | 
           | One of the reasons where Intel "let" AMD compete in the x86
           | space is US Gov requirements for being able to source chips
           | from two vendors at least
        
         | ckozlowski wrote:
         | Given the push of ARM designs into the desktop and server
         | space, that monopoly doesn't seem to me as much of a danger as
         | it might have a decade ago. I imagine any anti-competitive
         | behavior in x86 would only accelerate that trend. Not that
         | monopolies shouldn't be a concern at all, but my thought is
         | that it's not quite that large of a danger.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | >> If 18a is not ready I think the best case scenario for Intel
         | is a merger with AMD.
         | 
         | Aside from the x86 monopoly that would create, I don't think
         | Intel has much of value to AMD at this point other than the
         | fabs (which aren't delivering). IMHO if Intel is failing, let
         | them fail and others will buy the pieces in bankruptcy. This
         | would probably benefit several other companies that could use
         | 22nm and up fab capacity and someone could even pick up the x86
         | and graphics businesses.
         | 
         | BTW I think at this point the graphics business is more
         | valuable. Even though Intel is in 3rd place there are many
         | players in the SoC world that can use a good GPU. You can build
         | a SoC with Intel, ARM, or RISC-V but they all need a GPU.
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | Yeah, what both companies would need to be competitive in the
           | GPU sector is a cuda killer. That's perhaps the one benefit
           | of merging Antel can more easily standardize something.
        
             | physicsguy wrote:
             | You don't get a CUDA killer without the software
             | infrastructure.
             | 
             | Intel finally seem to have got their act together a bit
             | with OneAPI but they've languished for years in this area.
        
               | gpapilion wrote:
               | They weren't interested in creating an open solution.
               | Both intel and AMD have been somewhat short sighted and
               | looked to recreate their own cuda, and the mistrust of
               | each other has prevented them from a solution for both of
               | them.
        
               | pbalcer wrote:
               | Disclaimer: I work on this stuff for Intel
               | 
               | At least for Intel, that is just not true. Intel's DPC++
               | is as open as it gets. It implements a Khronos standard
               | (SYCL), most of the development is happening in public on
               | GitHub, it's permissively licensed, it has a viable
               | backend infrastructure (with implementations for both
               | CUDA and HIP). There's also now a UXL foundation with the
               | goal of creating an "open standard accelerator software
               | ecosystem".
        
               | J_Shelby_J wrote:
               | Neat. Now release 48gb GPUs to the hobbyist devs and
               | we'll use intel for LLMs!
        
               | redandblack wrote:
               | Apple is your savior if you are looking at it as a
               | CPU/GPU/NPU package for consumer/hobbyists.
               | 
               | I decided that I have to start looking at Apple's AI docs
        
               | ur-whale wrote:
               | Actual links to the github would be much appreciated, as
               | well a half-page tuto on how to get this up an running on
               | a simple Linux+Intel setup.
        
               | mepian wrote:
               | This link should cover everything: https://www.intel.com/
               | content/www/us/en/developer/tools/onea...
        
               | stonogo wrote:
               | This is all great, but how can we trust this will be
               | supported next year? After Xeon Phi, Omnipath, and a host
               | of other killed projects, Intel is approaching Google
               | levels of mean time to deprecation.
        
               | bn-l wrote:
               | What's happening with intel wino? That seemed like their
               | cuda ish effort.
        
               | wyldfire wrote:
               | OpenCL was born as a cuda-alike that could be apply to
               | GPUs from AMD and NVIDIA, and general purpose CPUs.
               | NVIDIA briefly embraced it (in order to woo Apple?) and
               | then just about abandoned it to focus more on cuda.
               | NVIDIA abandoning OpenCL meant that it just didn't
               | thrive. Intel and AMD both embraced OpenCL. Though
               | admittedly I don't know the more recent history of
               | OpenCL.
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | Why would you want this kind of increased monopolization?
             | That is, CPU companies also owning the GPU market?
        
               | nemomarx wrote:
               | is it a lot more competitive for Nvidia to just keep
               | winning? I feel like you want two roughly good choices
               | for GPU compute and AMD needs a shot in the arm for that
               | somewhere.
        
             | bionhoward wrote:
             | WGSL seems like a nice standard everyone could get behind
        
             | quotemstr wrote:
             | There are _already_ packages that let people run CUDA
             | programs unmodified on other GPUs: see
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40970560
             | 
             | For whatever reason, people just delete these tools from
             | their minds, then claim Nvidia still has a monopoly on
             | CUDA.
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | There's already a panoply of CUDA alternatives, and even
               | several CUDA-to-non-Nvidia-GPU alternatives (which aren't
               | supported by the hardware vendors and are in some sense
               | riskier). To my knowledge (this isn't really my space),
               | many of the higher-level frameworks already support these
               | CUDA alternatives.
               | 
               | And yet _still_ the popcorn gallery says  "there no
               | [realistic] alternative to CUDA." Methinks the real issue
               | is that CUDA is the best software solution for Nvidia
               | GPUs, and the alternative hardware vendors aren't seen as
               | viable competitor for hardware reasons, and people
               | attribute the failure to software failures.
        
               | quotemstr wrote:
               | > alternative hardware vendors aren't seen as viable
               | competitor for hardware reasons, and people attribute the
               | failure to software failures.
               | 
               | It certainly seems like there's a "nobody ever got fired
               | for buying nvidia" dynamic going on. We've seen this
               | mentality repeatedly in other areas of the industry:
               | that's why the phrase is a snowclone.
               | 
               | Eventually, someone is going to use non-nvidia GPU
               | accelerators and get a big enough cost or performance win
               | that industry attitudes will change.
        
               | jdewerd wrote:
               | > There's already a panoply of CUDA alternatives
               | 
               | Is there?
               | 
               | 10 years ago, I burned about 6 months of project time
               | slogging through AMD / OpenCL bugs before realizing that
               | I was being an absolute idiot and that the green tax was
               | far cheaper than the time I was wasting. If you asked
               | AMD, they would tell you that OpenCL was ready for new
               | applications and support was right around the corner for
               | old applications. This was incorrect on both counts.
               | Disastrously so, if you trusted them. I learned not to
               | trust them. Over the years, they kept making the same
               | false promises and failing to deliver, year after year,
               | generation after generation of grad students and HPC
               | experts, filling the industry with once-burned-twice-shy
               | received wisdom.
               | 
               | When NVDA pumped and AMD didn't, presumably AMD could no
               | longer deny the inadequacy of their offerings and
               | launched an effort to fix their shit. Eventually I am
               | sure it will bear fruit. But is their shit actually
               | fixed? Keeping in mind that they have proven time and
               | time and time and time again that they cannot be trusted
               | to answer this question themselves?
               | 
               | 80% margins won't last forever, but the trust deficit
               | that needs to be crossed first shouldn't be understated.
        
               | bn-l wrote:
               | This is absolutely it. You pay the premium not to have to
               | deal with the BS.
        
               | stonogo wrote:
               | Those packages only really perform with low-precision
               | work. For scientific computing, using anything but CUDA
               | is a painful workflow. DOE has been deploying AMD and
               | Intel alternatives in their leadership class machines and
               | it's been a pretty bad speedbump.
        
               | dzdt wrote:
               | And which of these have the level of support that would
               | let a company put a multi-million dollar project on top
               | of?
        
               | equestria wrote:
               | We have trillions of dollars riding on one-person open-
               | source projects. This is not the barrier for "serious
               | businesses" that it used to be.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | This meme comes up from time to time but I'm not sure what
             | the real evidence for it is or whether the people repeating
             | it have that much experience actually trying to make
             | compute work on AMD cards. Every time I've seen anyone try
             | the problem isn't that the card lacks a library, but rather
             | that calling the function that does what is needed causes a
             | kernel panic. Very different issues - if CUDA allegedly
             | "ran" on AMD cards that still wouldn't save them because
             | the bugs would be too problematic.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | > Every time I've seen anyone try the problem isn't that
               | the card lacks a library, but rather that calling the
               | function that does what is needed causes a kernel panic.
               | 
               | Do you have experience with SYCL? My experience with
               | OpenCL was that it's really a PITA to work with. The
               | thing that CUDA makes nice is the direct and minimal
               | exercise to start running GPGPU kernels. write the code,
               | compile with nvcc, cudaed.
               | 
               | OpenCL had just a weird dance to perform to get a kernel
               | running. Find the OpenCL device using a magic filesystem
               | token. Ask the device politely if it wants to OpenCL.
               | Send over the kernel string blob to compile. Run the
               | kernel. A ton of ceremony and then you couldn't be
               | guarenteed it'd work because the likes of AMD, Intel, or
               | nVidia were all spotty on how well they'd support it.
               | 
               | SYCL seems promising but the ecosystem is a little
               | intimidating. It does not seem (and I could be wrong
               | here) that there is a defacto SYCL compiler. The goals of
               | SYCL compilers are also fairly diverse.
        
           | xbar wrote:
           | I'd like to address the aside for completeness' sake.
           | 
           | An x86 monopoly in the late 80s was a thing, but not now.
           | 
           | Today, there are sufficient competitive chip architectures
           | with cross-compatible operating systems and virtualization
           | that x86 does not represent control of the computing market
           | in a manner that should prevent such a merger: ARM licensees,
           | including the special case of Apple Silicon, Snapdragon,
           | NVIDIA SOCs, RISC-V...
           | 
           | Windows, MacOS and Linux all run competitively on multiple
           | non-x86 architectures.
        
             | Octoth0rpe wrote:
             | > An x86 monopoly in the late 80s was a thing, but not now.
             | 
             | I think you're off by 20 years on this. In the 80s and
             | early 90s we had reasonable competition from 68k, powerpc,
             | and arm on desktops; and tons of competition in the server
             | space (mips, sparc, power, alpha, pa-risc, edit: and vax!).
             | It wasn't till the early 2000s that both the desktop/server
             | space coalesced around x86.
        
               | bane wrote:
               | Thank you for saying this. It's clear that processors are
               | going through something really interesting right now
               | after an extended dwindling and choke point onto x86.
               | This x86 dominance has lasted entire careers, but from a
               | longer perspective we're simply seeing another cycle in
               | ecosystem diversity, specialized functions spinning out
               | of and back into unified packages, and a continued
               | downward push from commoditization forces that are
               | affecting the entire product chain from fab to ISA
               | licensing. We're not quite at the wild-west of the late
               | 80s and 90s, but something's in the air.
               | 
               | It seems almost like the forces that are pushing against
               | these long-term trends are focused more on trying to
               | figure out how to saturate existing compute on the high-
               | end, and using that to justify drives away from diversity
               | and vertical integrated cost/price reduction. But there
               | are, long-term, not as many users who need to host this
               | technology as there are users of things like phones and
               | computers who need the benefits the long-term trends
               | provide.
               | 
               | Intel has acted somewhat as a rock in a river, and the
               | rest of the world is finding ways around them after
               | having been dammed up for a bit.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | I remember when I was a senior in undergrad (1993) the
               | profs were quite excited about the price/performance of
               | 486 computers which thoroughly trashed the SPARC-based
               | Sun work stations that we'd transitioned to because
               | Motorola rug-pulled the 68k. Sure we were impressed by
               | the generation of RISC machines that came out around that
               | time like SPARC, PA RISC, POWER PC and such but in
               | retrospect it was not those RISC machines that were fast
               | it was 68k that was dying, but x86 was keeping up.
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | > _It wasn 't till the early 2000s that both the
               | desktop/server space coalesced around x86._
               | 
               | A lot of companies killed off their in-house
               | architectures and hopped on the Itanium bandwagon. The
               | main two exceptions were Sun and IBM.
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | The bandwagon was actually an Ice Cream truck run by the
               | old lady from the Sponge Bob movie.
               | 
               | Intel had just wiped the floor with x86 servers, all the
               | old guard Unix vendors with their own chips were hurting.
               | Then Intel makes the rounds with a glorious plan of how
               | they were going to own the server landscape for a decade
               | or more. So in various states of defeat and grief much of
               | the industry followed them. Planned or not, the resulting
               | rug pull really screwed them over. The organs that
               | operated those lines of businesses were fully removed. It
               | worked too well, I am going to say it was on accident.
               | 
               | Intel should have broken up its internal x86 hegemony a
               | long time ago, which they have been trying since the day
               | it was invented. Like the 6502, it was just too
               | successful for its own good. Only x86 also built up the
               | Vatican around itself.
        
             | seabass-labrax wrote:
             | I was only just today looking for low-power x86 machines to
             | run FreePBX, which does not yet have an ARM64 port. Whilst
             | the consumer computing space is now perfectly served by ARM
             | and will soon be joined by RISC-V, if a widely-used piece
             | of free and open source server software is still x86-only,
             | you can bet that there are thousands of bespoke business
             | solutions that are locked to the ISA. A monopoly would
             | hasten migration away from these programs, but would
             | nonetheless be a lucrative situation for Intel-AMD in the
             | meantime.
        
               | saltminer wrote:
               | The fact that C++ development has been effectively
               | hijacked by the "no ABI breakage, ever"/backwards
               | compatibility at all costs crowd certainly speaks to
               | this.
               | 
               | https://herecomesthemoon.net/2024/11/two-factions-of-cpp/
               | 
               | There are a lot of pre-compiled binaries floating about
               | that are depended on by lots of enterprise software whose
               | source code is long gone, and these are effectively
               | locked to x86_64 chips until the cost of interoperability
               | becomes greater than reverse engineering their non-
               | trivial functionality.
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | They had ABI breakage when C++11 support was implemented
               | in GCC 5 and that was extremely painful. Honestly, I
               | still wish that they had avoided it.
        
               | glandium wrote:
               | You can still use the old ABI with
               | -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0
        
               | KerrAvon wrote:
               | C++ language spec doesn't specify and doesn't care about
               | ABI (infamously so; it's kept the language from being
               | used in many places, and where people ignored ABI compat
               | initially but absolutely needed it in the future, as with
               | BeOS's Application Kit and Mac kexts, it's much harder to
               | maintain than it should be.
               | 
               | "two factions" is only discussing source compatibility.
        
             | burnte wrote:
             | > An x86 monopoly in the late 80s was a thing, but not now.
             | 
             | Incorrect, we have an even greater lack of x86 vendors now
             | than we did in the 80s. In the 80s you had Intel, and they
             | licensed to AMD, Harris, NEC, TI, Chips & Technologies, and
             | in the 90s we had IBM, Cyrix, VIA, National Semi, NexGen,
             | and for a hot minute Transmeta. Even more smaller vendors.
             | 
             | Today making mass market x86 chips we have: Intel, AMD, and
             | a handful of small embedded vendors selling designs from
             | the Pentium days.
             | 
             | I believe what you meant was that x86 is not a monopoly
             | thanks to other ISAs, but x86 itself is even more of a
             | monopoly than ever.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | I believe in the 80s all those vendors were making the
               | same intel design in their own fab. I don't think any of
               | them did the design on their own. In the 90s some of them
               | had their own designs.
        
               | burnte wrote:
               | Some were straight second sources but they all had the
               | license to do what NEC, AMD, and OKI did, which is alter
               | the design and sell these variants. They all started
               | doing that with the 8086. There were variants of the
               | 8086, 8088, and 80186, I'm unaware of variants of the
               | 80188, or 80286 although there were still multiple
               | manufacturers, I had a Harris 286 at 20MHz myself. Then
               | with the 386 there were more custom variants of the 386
               | and 486. In the Pentium days Intel wouldn't license the
               | Pentium design, but there were compatible competitors as
               | AMD also began 100% custom designs that were only ISA
               | compatible and pin compatible with the K5 and K6 lines.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | At what point do we call a tweak to an original design
               | different enough to count it... K5 and K6 where clearly
               | new designs. The others were mostly intel with some
               | changes. I'm going to count the rest as minor tweaks and
               | not worth counting otherwise - but this is a case where
               | you can argue there the line is and so others need to
               | decide where they stand (if they care)
        
               | burnte wrote:
               | I called the K5 and 6 new designs, I said they were only
               | ISA and pin compatible, but not the same design.
        
             | etempleton wrote:
             | This is all very true and why I think a merger between AMD
             | and Intel is even possible. Nvidia and Intel is also a
             | possible merger, but I actually think there is more
             | regulatory concern with NVIDIA and how big and dominant
             | they are becoming.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Intel and Samsung could be interesting, especially if it
               | would get Samsung to open up more. Samsung would get
               | better GPUs and x86, Intel gets access to the phone
               | market and then you end up with things like x86 Samsung
               | tablets that can run both Windows or Android.
               | 
               | Could also be Intel and Micron. Then you end up with full
               | stack devices with Intel CPUs and Micron RAM and storage,
               | and the companies have partnered in the past.
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | Samsung has its own leading edge fabrication plants.
               | Merging the two would drop the number of leading edge
               | foundries from 3 to 2.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Isn't Intel's main problem that they've ceased to be a
               | leading edge foundry?
               | 
               | Maybe they should follow AMD's lead and spin off the
               | foundry business.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | I believe the "x86 monopoly" was meant to refere to how
             | only Intel and AMD are legally allowed to make x86 chips
             | due to patents. X86 is currently a duopoly, and if Intel
             | and AMD were to merge, that would become a monopoly.
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | Didn't AMD start making x86 chips in 1982?
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | That seems correct from some quick Wikipedia reading, but
               | I don't understand what it has to do with anything?
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | The existence of an imaginary x86 monopoly in the 80s?
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | Oh, but xbar's interpretation of the phrase "x86
               | monopoly" is clearly the x86 architecture having a
               | monopoly in the instruction set market. Under that
               | interpretation, I don't really think it's relevant how
               | many companies made x86 chips. I don't think xbar is
               | necessarily wrong, I just think they're interpreting
               | words to mean something they weren't intended so they're
               | not making an effective argument
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | Did x86 have a monopoly in the 80s to begin with? If
               | there is any period when that was true it would be the
               | 2000s or early 2010s.
               | 
               | > intended so they're not making an effective argument
               | 
               | To be fair I'm really struggling to somehow connect the
               | "x86 monopoly in the late 80s" with the remainder of
               | their comment (which certainly makes sense).
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | x86 didn't have a monopoly, but IBM PC clones were
               | clearly what everyone was talking about and there the
               | monopoly existed. There are lots of different also ran
               | processors, some with good market share in some niche,
               | but overall x86 was clearly on the volume winners track
               | by 1985.
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | > but overall x86 was clearly on the volume winners track
               | by 1985.
               | 
               | By that standard if we exclude mobile x86 has a much
               | stronger monopoly these days than in 1985. Unless we
               | exclude low end PCs like Apple II and Commodore 64.
               | 
               | In 1990 x86 had ~80%, Apple ~7%, Amiga ~4% (with the
               | remainder going to lowend or niche PCs) so again not that
               | different than today.
        
               | chillpenguin wrote:
               | This is how I interpreted it as well. The others seem to
               | be arguing due to a misunderstanding of what was
               | said/meant.
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | X86 is more than just the ISA. What's at stake is the
             | relatively open PC architecture and hardware ecosystem. It
             | was a fluke of history that made it happen, and it would be
             | sad to lose it.
        
               | tadfisher wrote:
               | PCI-e is the culmination of that ecosystem, and like PCI
               | before it, is available on all architectures to anyone
               | who pays PCI-SIG.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | PCIe is great, yes.
               | 
               | Sadly with the rise of laptops with soldered-in-
               | everything, and the popularity of android/iphone/tablet
               | devices, I share some of layer8's worries about the
               | future of the relatively open PC architecture and
               | hardware ecosystem.
        
               | hn3er1q wrote:
               | On the one hand I do get the concern, on the other
               | there's never been a better time to be a hardware hacker.
               | Cheap microcontrollers abound, raspberry pi etc, cheap
               | fpgas, one can even make their own asic. So I just can't
               | get that worked up over pc architectures getting closed.
        
               | jamesy0ung wrote:
               | You can't really build a PC with parts other than x86.
               | The only other platform you can really build from parts
               | is Arm, with the high end Ampere server chips. Most other
               | platforms are usually pretty highly integrated, you can't
               | just swap parts or work on it.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | Hacking on that level is very different from building and
               | upgrading PCs, being able to mix and match components
               | from a wide range of different manufacturers. You won't
               | or can't build a serious NAS, Proxmox homelab, gaming PC,
               | workstation, or GPU/compute farm from Raspberry Pis or
               | FPGAs.
               | 
               | We are really lucky that such a diverse and interoperable
               | hardware platform like the PC exists. We should not
               | discount it, and instead appreciate how important it is,
               | and how unlikely for such a varied and high-performance
               | platform to emerge again, should the PC platform die.
        
             | Wytwwww wrote:
             | > An x86 monopoly in the late 80s was a thing, but not now
             | 
             | And then in the 2000s after AMD64 pretty much destroyed all
             | competing architectures and then in the 2010s Intel itself
             | effectively was almost a monopoly (outside of mobile) with
             | AMD being on the verge of bankruptcy.
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | Itanium's hype killed the competing architectures. AMD64
               | then took over since it was cost effective and fast.
        
           | paulpan wrote:
           | Certainly feels like preempting news that Intel 18A is
           | delayed.
           | 
           | Restoring Intel's foundry lead starting with 18A was central
           | to Pat's vision and he essentially staked his job on it. 18A
           | is supposed to enter production next year but recent rumors
           | is that it's broken.
        
             | DebtDeflation wrote:
             | The original "5 Nodes in 4 Years" roadmap released in mid
             | 2021 had 18A entering production 2H 2024. So it's already
             | "delayed". The updated roadmap has it coming in Q3 2025 but
             | I don't think anyone ever believed that. This after 20A was
             | canceled, Intel 4 is only used for the Compute Tile in
             | Meteor Lake, Intel 3 only ever made it into a couple of
             | server chips, and Intel 7 was just renamed 10nm.
        
               | Lammy wrote:
               | https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/opinion/
               | con...
               | 
               | I have next to zero knowledge of semiconductor
               | fabrication, but "Continued Momentum" does sound like the
               | kind of corporate PR-speak that means "people haven't
               | heard from us in a while and there's not much to show".
               | 
               | I also would never have realized the 20A process was
               | canceled were it not for your comment since this press
               | release has one of the most generous euphemisms I've ever
               | heard for canceling a project:
               | 
               | "One of the benefits of our early success on Intel 18A is
               | that it enables us to shift engineering resources from
               | Intel 20A earlier than expected as we near completion of
               | our five-nodes-in-four-years plan."
        
             | lstodd wrote:
             | > Certainly feels like preempting news that Intel 18A is
             | delayed.
             | 
             | I think at this point no one believes Intel can deliver. So
             | news or not..
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | I could see Broadcom picking up x86.
        
             | xxpor wrote:
             | This is great "write a horror story in 7 words" content.
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | Ok, I'd like to pitch a Treehouse of Horror episode.
               | 
               | Part 1, combine branch predictor with the instruction
               | trace cache to be able to detect workloads, have specific
               | licenses for say Renderman, Oracle or CFD software.
               | 
               | Part 2, add a mesh network directly to the CPU, require
               | time based signing keys to operate. Maybe every chip just
               | has starlink included.
               | 
               | Part 3, In an BWM rent your seats move, the base CPU is
               | just barely able to boot the OS, specific features can be
               | unlocked with signed payloads. Using Shamir secrets so
               | that Broadcom AND the cloud provider are both required
               | for signing the feature request. One can rent AVX512,
               | more last level cache, ECC, overclocking, underclocking.
               | 
               | The nice part about including radios in the CPUs directly
               | means that updates can be applied without network
               | connectivity and you can geofence your feature keys.
               | 
               | This last part we can petition the government to require
               | as the grounds of being able to produce EAR regulated
               | CPUs globally.
               | 
               | I think I'll just sell these patents to Myhrvold.
        
             | baq wrote:
             | sir there are children reading this site.
        
               | zymhan wrote:
               | I'm not sure I've ever laughed this much at a HN comment
               | chain
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Intel GFX held back the industry 10 years. If people thought
           | Windows Vista sucked it was because Intel "supported" it by
           | releasing integrated GPUs which could almost handle Windows
           | Vista but not quite.
           | 
           | The best they could do with the GFX business is a public
           | execution. We've been hearing about terrible Intel GFX for 15
           | years and how they are just on the cusp of making one that is
           | bad (not terrible). Most people who've been following
           | hardware think Intel and GFX is just an oxymoron. Wall Street
           | might see some value in it, but the rest of us, no.
        
             | tasuki wrote:
             | > If people thought Windows Vista sucked it was because
             | Intel "supported" it by releasing integrated GPUs which
             | could almost handle Windows Vista but not quite.
             | 
             | What does an OS need a GPU for?
             | 
             | My current laptop only has integrated Intel GPU. I'm not
             | missing Nvidia, with its proprietary drivers, high power
             | consumption, and corresponding extra heat and shorter
             | battery life...
        
               | marxisttemp wrote:
               | > What does an OS need a GPU for?
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Aero
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | The modern paradigm of "application blasts out a
               | rectangle of pixels" and "the desktop manager composes
               | those into another rectangle of pixels and blasts them
               | out to the screen".
               | 
               | It actually separates the OS from the GPU. Before WDDM
               | your GFX device driver was the only software that could
               | use GFX acceleration. After WDDM the GPU is another
               | "processor" in your computer that can read and write to
               | RAM and the _application_ can use the GPU in user space
               | any way it wants, and then the compositor can to the same
               | (in _user space_ ) and in the end all the OS is managing
               | communication with the GPU.
               | 
               | For that approach to work you _need_ to have enough fill
               | rate that you can redraw the screen several times per
               | frame. Microsoft wanted to have enough they could afford
               | some visual bling, but Intel didn 't give to them.
        
               | vinyl7 wrote:
               | Composiors are generally switching to being gpu
               | accelerated, not to mention apps will do their own gpu
               | accelerated UIs just because the OS ui systems are all
               | junk at the moment
        
               | atq2119 wrote:
               | And by "are generally switching" you're really trying to
               | say "generally switched a decade ago".
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | 'cept for Linux.
        
               | amaranth wrote:
               | GNOME 3 had a hardware accelerated compositor on release
               | in 2011.
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | We are at the perfect moment to re-embrace software
               | rasterizers because CPU manufacturers are starting to add
               | HBM and v-cache.
               | 
               | An 8K 32bpp framebuffer is ... omg 126MB for a single
               | copy. I was going to argue that a software rasterizer
               | running on vcache would be doable, but not for 8k.
               | 
               | For 4k, with 32MB per display buffer, it could be
               | possible but heavy compositing will require going out to
               | main memory. 1440p would be even better at only 15MB per
               | display buffer.
               | 
               | For 1440p at 144Hz and 2TB/s (vcache max), best case is
               | an overdraw of 984 frames/frame
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | Does 4k matter?
               | 
               | I was doing a11y work for an application a few months
               | back and got interested into the question of desktop
               | screen sizes. I see all these ads for 4k and bigger
               | monitors but they don't show up here
               | 
               | https://gs.statcounter.com/screen-resolution-
               | stats/desktop/w...
               | 
               | And on the steam hardware survey I am seeing a little
               | more than 5% with a big screen.
               | 
               | Myself I am swimming in old monitors and TV to the point
               | where I am going to start putting Pepper's ghost machines
               | in my windows. I think I want to buy a new TV, but I get
               | a free old TV. I pick up monitors that are in the hallway
               | and people are tripping on them and I take them home.
               | Hypothetically I want a state-of-the-art monitor with HDR
               | and wide gamut and all that but the way things are going
               | I might never buy a TV or monitor again.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Curious to hear more about the a11y work.
        
               | AdrianB1 wrote:
               | If I recall correctly, Vista was hard depending on
               | DirectX 9a for Aero. Intel GPU parts embedded in mobile
               | CPUs were almost, but not fully DX 9a capable, but Intel
               | convinced Microsoft to accept it as "compatible". That
               | created lots of problems to everyone.
        
               | rich_sasha wrote:
               | There's a fancy terminal emulator written in Rust that
               | uses GPU acceleration. I mean, it is emulating a
               | needlepoint printer...
        
             | amaranth wrote:
             | My understanding is that most of the complaints about Vista
             | being unstable came from the nvidia driver being rather
             | awful [1]. You were likely to either have a system that
             | couldn't actually run Vista or have one that crashed all
             | the time, unless you were lucky enough to have an ATI GPU.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.engadget.com/2008-03-27-nvidia-drivers-
             | responsib...
        
           | zamadatix wrote:
           | I wonder how big a downside an x86 monopoly would actually be
           | these days (an M4 MacBook being the best perf/watt way to run
           | x86 Windows apps today as it is) and how that compares to the
           | downsides of not allowing x86 to consolidate efforts against
           | rising competition from ARM CPUs.
           | 
           | The problem with the "use the GPU in a SoC" proposition is
           | everyone that makes the rest of a SoC also already has a GPU
           | for it. Often better than what Intel can offer in terms of
           | perf/die space or perf/watt. These SoC solutions tend to
           | coalesce around tile based designs which keep memory
           | bandwidth and power needs down compared to the traditional
           | desktop IMR designs Intel has.
        
             | h_tbob wrote:
             | That's actually a pretty good pint, honestly
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | > ...the best case scenario for Intel is a merger with AMD...
         | 
         | Why would AMD want a merger? They aren't a charity, and
         | certainly don't need the distraction.
        
           | etempleton wrote:
           | Well, for at least a time they would have the entire x86
           | market. That is not nothing. Also AMD may want to get back
           | into the fab business. Without competition in x86 why not use
           | Intel's fabs?
        
             | KeplerBoy wrote:
             | And everyone would rush to migrate away from x86.
             | 
             | Having a sole supplier for CPUs is a bad strategy.
        
               | KETHERCORTEX wrote:
               | Yet everyone is okay with a de-facto single supplier of
               | CUDA capable AI GPUs.
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | Perhaps not. But (unlike in this hypothetical situation)
               | nobody besides AMD and Intel can do much about that...
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | Outside of Nvidia, nobody is okay with that.
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | This is only true if "everyone" excludes all of the
               | hyperscalers and the client device manufacturers.
        
             | esskay wrote:
             | They dont need to merge with intel to get the entire x86
             | market, they'll be getting that anyway if Intel folds.
             | 
             | Even if Intel gets bought out, it'll be in pieces. Nobody
             | wants to enter the x86 market, but there may be smaller
             | segmenrs of the business that can help an ARM based
             | business, or someone looking to get into GPU's.
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | > they'll be getting that anyway if Intel folds.
               | 
               | Why would Intel "fold"? Their revenue is still 2x higher
               | than AMDs... I mean obviously they are not doing great
               | but its silly to say something like that at this point.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > Nobody wants to enter the x86 market
               | 
               | If the ISA patent licenses opened up, that might not be
               | the case. When the topic comes up, it's more about Intel
               | shutting down license transfers, so naturally companies
               | have avoided x86.
        
             | tadfisher wrote:
             | They would technically have no market, because the Intel-
             | AMD X86 license is non-transferable and expires if one
             | party goes out of business.
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | IANAL, however:
               | 
               | - A token legal remnant of Intel, with 0 employees or
               | properties, might suffice to keep that license ticking.
               | 
               | - If the stakes appeared to be "or America will lose it's
               | ability to make computers", then the government might
               | find a judge willing to sign off on just about any sort
               | of counterfactual, "because national security".
        
         | csdreamer7 wrote:
         | Pretty much fair game for speculation. The only way this is not
         | bad for the tech industry was if he resigned due to medical or
         | age reasons. That would not be unexpected.
         | 
         | Doubtful that is the issue with Intel's track record. Curious
         | when we will know if 18A is competitive or not.
         | 
         | > If 18a is not ready I think the best case scenario for Intel
         | is a merger with AMD. The US Govt would probably co-sign on it
         | for national security concerns overriding the fact that it
         | creates an absolute monopoly on x86 processors. The moat of the
         | two companies together would give the new combined company
         | plenty of time to ramp up their fabs.
         | 
         | No way other countries would allow that. If A-tel (Amd-inTEL)
         | can not sell to the EU the merger will not happen.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | People who are presumably very well-off financially can
           | retire a tad on the early side for all sorts of reasons or a
           | combination thereof. Certainly he has made some significant
           | course corrections at Intel but the most charitable thing one
           | can say is that they will take a long time to play out. As
           | you say, a merger with AMD seems like a non-starter for a
           | variety of reasons.
        
           | KETHERCORTEX wrote:
           | > If A-tel (Amd-inTEL) can not sell to the EU the merger will
           | not happen.
           | 
           | What the EU gonna do then? Stop buying computers? Perform
           | rapid continental ARM transition for mythical amount of
           | money?
        
             | Wytwwww wrote:
             | Hard to imagine it ever coming to that but presumably
             | massive fines?
             | 
             | > Perform rapid continental ARM transition for mythical
             | amount of money?
             | 
             | And what is Intel + AMD going to do? Not sell CPUs in
             | Europe?
        
             | mattlondon wrote:
             | Just stop buying new intel chips, and continue buying Arm
             | chips. Its not like every single existing x86 CPU would
             | need to be taken away and destroyed.
             | 
             | Apple has made it fairly obvious, even if it was not
             | already with smartphones and chromebooks, that Arm is a
             | viable, realistic, and battle-tested alternative for
             | general purpose computing. Windows 11 even runs on Arm
             | already.
             | 
             | It would not happen "tomorrow" - this would be years in
             | court if nothing else. This would give
             | Dell/HP/Lenovo/whoever plenty of time to start building Arm
             | laptops & servers etc for the European market.
             | 
             | And who knows what RISC-V will look like in a few more
             | years?
             | 
             | The EU has done a bunch of stupid anti-consumer shit in
             | tech already (hello cookie warnings that everyone now
             | ignores), so I would not be surprised if this happened.
        
             | csdreamer7 wrote:
             | > What the EU gonna do then?
             | 
             | Seize or terminate their patents and copyrights. Issue
             | arrest warrants for criminal evasion. Compulsory licensing
             | of x86 to a European design firm immunized by EU law.
             | 
             | > Perform rapid continental ARM transition
             | 
             | Yes.
             | 
             | Windows is on ARM. Apple is on ARM. AWS and Ampere make
             | decent ARM servers. You have decent x86 user-space
             | compatibility on ARM laptops. That is all users want.
             | 
             | I doubt it will cost 'mythical amounts of money'. Most
             | users use a web browser and an office suite. I doubt they
             | will know a difference for a while.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | This does not seem orderly/planned enough to be simple age-
           | related.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | I tend to agree. He's not outside the window where someone
             | might choose to retire. But no named permanent successor?
             | Retiring immediately? Tend to speak to a fairly sudden
             | decision.
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | > The moat of the two companies together would give the new
         | combined company plenty of time to ramp up their fabs.
         | 
         | I'm not convinced of this. Fabs are incredibly expensive
         | businesses. Intel has failed to keep up and AMD spun off their
         | fabs to use TSMC.
         | 
         | There is also ARM knocking at the door for general computing.
         | It's already gaining traction in previously x86 dominated
         | markets.
         | 
         | The model for US based fabbing has to include selling large
         | portions of capacity to third party ASIC manufacturers,
         | otherwise I see it as doomed to failure.
        
           | etempleton wrote:
           | They would have at least 5 years to figure it out before ARM
           | becomes viable on desktop assuming there continues to be
           | movement in that direction. There is so little incentive to
           | move away from x86 right now. The latest Intel mobile
           | processors address the efficiency issues and prove that x86
           | can be efficient enough for laptops.
           | 
           | IT departments are not going to stop buying x86 processors
           | until they absolutely are forced to. Gamers are not going to
           | switch unless performance is actually better. There just
           | isn't the incentive to switch.
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | > There is so little incentive to move away from x86 right
             | now.
             | 
             | > IT departments are not going to stop buying x86
             | processors until they absolutely are forced to.
             | 
             | IT departments are buying arm laptops, Apple's.
             | 
             | And there is an incentive to switch, cost. If you are in
             | AWS, you can save a pretty penny by adopting graviton
             | processors.
             | 
             | Further, the only thing stopping handhelds from being arm
             | machines is poor x86 emulation. A solvable problem with a
             | small bit of hardware. (Only non-existent because current
             | ARM vendors can't be bothered to add it and ARM hasn't
             | standardized it).
             | 
             | Really the only reason arm is lagging is because the likes
             | of Qualcomm have tunnel vision on what markets they want to
             | address.
        
               | n144q wrote:
               | Looks like your post is talking about two things --
               | corporate purchased laptops and AWS instances, which are
               | quite different.
               | 
               | About corporate laptops, do you have evidence to show
               | that companies are switching to Macbooks from
               | HP/Dell/ThinkPads?
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | > corporate purchased laptops and AWS instances, which
               | are quite different.
               | 
               | They are similar. Particularly because developing on a
               | corporate hardware with an ARM processor is a surefire
               | way to figure out if the software you write will have
               | issues with ARM in AWS.
               | 
               | That's pretty much the entire reason x86 took off in the
               | server market in the first place.
               | 
               | > About corporate laptops, do you have evidence to show
               | that companies are switching to Macbooks from
               | HP/Dell/ThinkPads?
               | 
               | Nope. Mostly just anecdotal. My company offers devs the
               | option of either an x86 machine or a mac.
        
               | n144q wrote:
               | Lots of companies do that, and I wouldn't call it an
               | x86/ARM choice but rather the same old Windows/Mac
               | choice. For Windows, only x86 makes sense for companies
               | with lots of legacy software, and the only choice for Mac
               | is ARM.
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | > handhelds from being arm machines is poor x86 emulation
               | 
               | Also Qualcomm's GPUs are pretty shit (compared to Intel's
               | and AMDs or Apple's)
        
             | maeil wrote:
             | > IT departments are not going to stop buying x86
             | processors until they absolutely are forced to.
             | 
             | Plenty of them are buying Macbooks. It's definitely a small
             | percentage of the worldwide market, but not entirely
             | insignificant either.
        
               | etempleton wrote:
               | Yes, but that is because users demand it. And they do so
               | begrudgingly. Users are not going to demand an ARM
               | Windows laptop.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | But will IT departments buy them if they are 100, 200, or
               | $400 cheaper than a competing x86 machine?
               | 
               | That's the question that remains to be seen.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Can those users get all the software they need? Many
               | users who want a mac are told no because some weird
               | software they need doesn't run on it. Others only get a
               | mac because some executive demanded IT port that software
               | to mac. So long as companies have any x86 only software
               | they won't let people switch. Often "art" departments get
               | a specific exception and they get to avoid all the jobs
               | that require x86 only software just to run their mac.
               | 
               | Of course these days more and more of that is moving the
               | the cloud and all IT needs to a web browser that works.
               | Thus making their job easier.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | > Of course these days more and more of that is moving
               | the the cloud and all IT needs to a web browser that
               | works. Thus making their job easier.
               | 
               | This was the point I was going to make. While not
               | completely dead, the days of desktop applications are
               | quickly coming to a close. Almost everything is SAAS now
               | or just electron apps which are highly portable.
               | 
               | Even if it's not saas or electron, the only two languages
               | I'd do a desktop app in now-a-days is C# or Java. Both of
               | which are fairly portable.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | If Microsoft insists on treating them like phones with
               | locked-down software stacks, still no.
        
               | rvba wrote:
               | If you need to use Excel at work, you need x86 since
               | Excel for Mac is a gutted toy (MS wants your company yo
               | buy / subscribe to windows too).
               | 
               | And google sheets in my opinion is not good for
               | complicated stuff - the constant lag..
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I would bet 95%+ of people who use Excel are not affected
               | by any difference between Excel for macOS versus Windows.
        
               | anthonyskipper wrote:
               | I work in a large enterprise company, have both windows
               | and mac machines, and excel works equally great in both,
               | but more and more excel runs in a browser.
               | 
               | We mostly email links to spreadsheets running in cloud.
               | So it really doesn't matter what your OS is any more from
               | an excel perspective, as long as your computer can run a
               | modern browser you are good.
        
             | mcintyre1994 wrote:
             | > They would have at least 5 years to figure it out before
             | ARM becomes viable on desktop assuming there continues to
             | be movement in that direction.
             | 
             | What's this based on? Surely the proportion of desktops
             | that need to be more powerful than anything Apple is doing
             | on ARM is very small. And surely Apple isn't 5 years ahead?
        
               | etempleton wrote:
               | It is less about the development of ARM on desktop and
               | more about software support. Most apps on Windows are
               | still emulated. Some will not work at all. Games are kind
               | of a mess on ARM. A ton of security software that IT
               | departments require are only going to work x86.
               | Businesses run legacy custom applications designed for
               | x86. Some major applications still run on emulation only
               | and are therefore slower on ARM.
               | 
               | Apple can force the transition. It is not so
               | straightforward on Windows/Linux.
        
             | grecy wrote:
             | > _There is so little incentive to move away from x86 right
             | now_
             | 
             | Massively lower power consumption and way less waste heat
             | to dispose of.
             | 
             | Literally the two biggest concerns of every data centre on
             | earth.
        
               | atq2119 wrote:
               | ARM does not inherently have "massively lower power
               | consumption and waste heat", though.
               | 
               | Market forces have traditionally pushed Intel and AMD to
               | design their chips for a less efficient part of the
               | frequency/power curve than ARM vendors. That changed a
               | few years ago, and you can already see the results in x86
               | chips becoming more efficient.
        
           | tucnak wrote:
           | Honestly, I wouldn't put it behind IBM to turn it around with
           | POWER revival. They'd been doing some cool stuff recently
           | with their NorthPole accelerator[1], and using 12nm process
           | while at it, indicating there's much room for improvement. It
           | could eventually become a relatively open, if not super
           | affordable platform. There's precedent with OpenPOWER! And
           | not to mention RISC-V, of course, championed by Jim Keller et
           | al (Tenstorrent) but it's yet to blossom, all the while
           | pppc64el is already there where it matters.
           | 
           | I say, diversity rules!
           | 
           | [1]: https://research.ibm.com/blog/northpole-llm-inference-
           | result...
        
             | __d wrote:
             | PPC's likely last hope died when Google didn't go ahead
             | with OpenPower.
             | 
             | Talos is the exception that proves the rule, sadly.
        
             | classichasclass wrote:
             | IBM did lay an egg with Power10, though. They cut corners
             | and used proprietary IP and as a result there are few (are
             | there any?) non-IBM Power10 systems because the other
             | vendors stayed away. Raptor workstations and servers are a
             | small-ish part of the market but they're comparatively
             | highly visible - and they're still on POWER9 (no S1 yet).
             | 
             | They did realize the tactical error, so I'm hoping Power11
             | will reverse the damage.
        
           | JamesLeonis wrote:
           | > There is also ARM knocking at the door for general
           | computing. It's already gaining traction in previously x86
           | dominated markets.
           | 
           | I know anecdotes aren't data, but I was talking with a
           | colleague about chips recently and he noticed that converting
           | all of his cloud JVM deployments to ARM machines both
           | improved performance and lowered costs. The costs might not
           | even be the chips themselves, but less power and thermal
           | requirements that lowers the OpEx spend.
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | Yeah, my company is gearing up to do the same. We primarily
             | use the JVM so doing the arm switcharoo only makes sense.
        
         | solarkraft wrote:
         | > I think the best case scenario for Intel is a merger with AMD
         | (...) it creates an absolute monopoly on x86 processors
         | 
         | If this happens, couldn't they force them giving out licenses
         | as a condition? The licensing thing has been such an impediment
         | to competition that it seems like it's about time anyway.
        
           | ethbr1 wrote:
           | It's a good point, and yes, afaik any redress can be
           | requested as a condition for blessing a merger.
        
         | MPSimmons wrote:
         | >the best case scenario for Intel is a merger with AMD
         | 
         | Oh man, the risk in that is extreme. We are moving away from
         | x86 in general, but wow, that's... a big jump in risk.
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | And really, AMD spun off Global Foundries. AMD doesn't want
           | to run a fab.
           | 
           | Does this mean that Intel's fabs should split for Global
           | Foundries, and the Intel design team should go to AMD?
        
             | MPSimmons wrote:
             | I seem to recall that Intel was talking about the same kind
             | of split. Maybe the Intel child company and AMDs would
             | merge, or maybe they'll stay separate and the parents will
             | merge?
        
         | alganet wrote:
         | Sure, let's create a monopoly around one of the most valuable
         | commodities in the world.
         | 
         | What could go wrong?
        
           | steelframe wrote:
           | I think Apple Silicon has shown us that x86 doesn't have the
           | monopoly potential it once had.
        
             | alganet wrote:
             | Apple Silicon was designed to be efficient at emulating
             | x86-64.
             | 
             | If you take that away, it becomes irrelevant (like many
             | other ARM-based processors that struggle to be a good
             | product because of compatibility).
             | 
             | Apple has a promising path for x86 liberation, but it is
             | not there yet.
        
               | alganet wrote:
               | > One of the key reasons why Rosetta 2 provides such a
               | high level of translation efficiency is the support of
               | x86-64 memory ordering in the Apple M1 SOC.
               | 
               | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138376
               | 212...
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | TSO might be slower than ARM's memory ordering, but
               | implementing it in hardware is considered faster than
               | implementing it in software.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | It was designed to be efficient (performance/watt) for
               | everything. Most users aren't using Rosetta.
               | 
               | It's not the only ARM CPU with TSO support though, some
               | server platforms also do it.
        
         | JonChesterfield wrote:
         | Hell no, I don't want the Intel management structures coming
         | over here. Qualcomm is welcome to them.
        
         | Grazester wrote:
         | Is Intel really in such a dire situation that they need to
         | merge with AMD? AMD has been in troubling situation in the
         | past(some thanks to Intel illegal dealings) yet they managed to
         | survive and they were nowhere near Intel's size.
        
           | izacus wrote:
           | More importantly, AMD troubles made them refocus and improve
           | their products to the levels we're seeing today.
           | 
           | Giving life support to dinosaurs isn't how you create a
           | competitive economy.
        
         | orenlindsey wrote:
         | A lot of people on this thread are underestimating how much of
         | a hold Intel has on the chips industry. In my experience, Intel
         | is synonymous with computer chip for the average person. Most
         | people wouldn't be able to tell you what AMD does differently,
         | they'd just say they're a knockoff Intel. Technologically, both
         | companies are neck and neck. But for the average person, it's
         | not even close.
        
           | menaerus wrote:
           | Last report I read it was ~80% (Intel) vs ~20% (AMD) for PC
           | market. And ~75% (Intel) vs ~25% (AMD) for data center
           | servers.
        
             | Wytwwww wrote:
             | > And ~75% (Intel) vs ~25% (AMD) for data center servers.
             | 
             | IIRC their data center CPU revenue was about even this
             | quarter so this is a bit deceptive (i.e. you can buy 1
             | large CPU instead of several cheaper ones).
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | Market share is often measured in install base.
        
               | tsunamifury wrote:
               | Of a market that is dying between two growing at the
               | edges. Mobile and server clear trump personal compute.
               | This the markets devaluing intel.
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | To be fair it's not like there is that much profits in
               | mobile either. ARM CPUs are almost a commodity and the
               | margins aren't that great.
        
               | Wytwwww wrote:
               | Sure, but if the point is showing how Intel isn't really
               | in such a bad spot as one might think just looking at the
               | install base would be pretty deceiving and semi-
               | meaningless.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | Those two terms are related but definitely are never
               | interchangeable. Market share is the portion of new sales
               | a company is getting. Install base is the portion of
               | existing in-use products that were from that company.
               | Install base is essentially market share integrated over
               | time, less systems that are discarded or otherwise taken
               | out of service. If market share never changes, install
               | base will approach the same proportions but it's a
               | lagging indicator.
        
               | menaerus wrote:
               | From https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-
               | components/cpus/amds-desktop...
               | 
               | "When it comes to servers, AMD's share totaled 24.2%"
               | 
               | and
               | 
               | "Intel, of course, retained its volume lead with a 75.8%
               | unit market share."
        
               | mandevil wrote:
               | I think data center revenue was in AMD's favor because
               | AMD is second (obviously far behind NVidia) and Intel is
               | third in AI accelerators, which both companies include in
               | their data center numbers. So that pushes things in AMD's
               | favor. I think on data center CPU's alone Intel is still
               | ahead.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Data center revenue is not just CPU. It includes MI300 et
               | al. So that's why data center revenue can be roughly
               | equivalent between AMD & Intel while CPU revenue is still
               | predominantly Intel.
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | For PC's that can't be right. For overall consumer, Windows
             | is at 25.75%, Linux is 1.43% and MacOS is at 5.53%.
             | 
             | Ignoring ChromeOS, and assuming 100% of windows and linux
             | is x86 (decreasingly true - the only win11 I've ever seen
             | is an arm VM on my mac) and 100% of Mac is arm (it will be
             | moving forward), that puts arm at 20% of the PC market.
             | 
             | Interpolation from your numbers puts intel at 64% (with a
             | ceiling of 80% of PC; 25% of consumer computing devices
             | unless windows makes a comeback).
             | 
             | https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | There is a common usage of "PC" that excludes Macs,
               | Chromebooks, and the like. It means the x86-based PC
               | platform descendant from IBM PC compatibles, with BIOS
               | and all.
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | Marketing campaigns only go so far. They've been riding the
           | "Intel Inside" slogan for 25 years.
           | 
           | In the mean time, AMD/ARM already won phones, table and game
           | consoles.
           | 
           | Server purchasing decisions aren't made by everyday people.
           | Intel's roadmap in that space slipped year for year for at
           | least 10 of the last 15 years.
           | 
           | That leaves Intel with the fraction of the non-mac laptop
           | market that's made up of people that haven't been paying
           | attention for the last ten years, and don't ask anyone who
           | has.
        
             | alternatex wrote:
             | >In the mean time, AMD/ARM already won phones, table and
             | game consoles.
             | 
             | Don't forget laptops. Intel has been terrible on laptops
             | due to their lack of efficiency. AMD has been wiping the
             | floor with them for years now.
             | 
             | 2024 is the first year that Intel has released a laptop
             | chip that can compete in efficiency. I hope Intel continues
             | to invest in this category and remain neck and neck with
             | AMD if we have any hope of having Windows laptops with
             | decent battery lide.
        
               | leptons wrote:
               | I doubt most people actually care about efficiency in a
               | laptop. My wife is my anecdotal example. She's had a mac
               | for years but refuses to give Apple one more penny
               | because they've been awful - had to replace her previous
               | laptop motherboard 7 times until we finally had to sue
               | Apple in a class action which resulted in them sending
               | her current 2015 MBP, which has now aged-out of MacOS
               | updates. Sucks that this computer is now basically a
               | paperweight.
               | 
               | Anyway, in my questions for her about what she really
               | cares about in a new laptop, power efficiency was not a
               | concern of hers. She does not care about efficiency at
               | all. All she cared about was a good enough screen
               | (2560x1440 or better), and a fast CPU to run the new
               | Photoshop features, and the ability to move it from one
               | location to another (hence the need for a laptop instead
               | of a desktop). I'd wager that for most people, the fact
               | that it's a portable computer has nothing to do with how
               | long the battery lasts away from an outlet. She can
               | transport the computer to another location and plug it
               | in. There are very few situations that require extended
               | use away from an outlet, and even in an airplane, we
               | often see 120V outlets at the seats. There's really no
               | use case for her that puts her away from an outlet for
               | longer than an hour or two, so efficiency is the least of
               | her concerns in buying a new laptop.
               | 
               | So we went with a new Dell laptop with the Intel
               | i9-13900HX, which beats the Apple M4 Max 16 Core in terms
               | of overall performance in CPU benchmarks. I would have
               | looked at an AMD based laptop, but the price on this Dell
               | and the performance of the i9 were great, it was $999 on
               | sale. It's got a decent enough screen, and we can easily
               | upgrade the RAM and storage on this laptop.
               | 
               | I doubt she'd even care if the new laptop _didn 't have a
               | battery at all_, so long as she can easily stuff it in a
               | bag and carry it to another location and plug it in. I
               | feel the exact same way, and I recently bought a new (AMD
               | based) laptop, and power efficiency was not a thing in my
               | decision making process at all. The battery lasts a few
               | hours, and that's plenty. I don't get a hard-on for
               | battery life, and I'm not really sure who does. Are these
               | people dancing around with their laptops and simply can't
               | sit still and plug it in?
        
               | AdrianB1 wrote:
               | There is another angle at power efficiency: my work
               | laptop is so bad, moderate load makes the fan spin and
               | higher load creates a very annoying noise due to the
               | cooling needs. All these while performance is far from
               | stellar (compared to my desktop).
        
             | orenlindsey wrote:
             | Remember, most people don't care as much as you or I. If
             | they're going to buy a laptop to do taxes or web browsing
             | or something, they will probably be mentally biased towards
             | an Intel-based chip. Because it's been marketed for so
             | long, AMD comparatively seems like a super new brand.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | If they don't buy a Mac, they'll be biased to whatever
               | BestBuy sells them.
        
             | kbelder wrote:
             | >That leaves Intel with the fraction of the non-mac laptop
             | market that's made up of people that haven't been paying
             | attention for the last ten years, and don't ask anyone who
             | has.
             | 
             | Evidently, that leaves Intel the majority of the market.
        
             | georgeecollins wrote:
             | I work in video games and I think it is still sometimes a
             | problem to use computers that are not based on x86
             | processors, both in the tool chains and software /engines.
             | People here say that Intel has lost out on consoles and
             | laptops, but in gaming that is because of x86 compatible
             | AMD chips. Apple laptops were good for gaming when they had
             | x86 and could duel boot. I see bugs people report on games
             | made for Macs with x86 that don't work quite right with an
             | Mx chip (though not a huge number).
             | 
             | A friend who worked in film post production was telling me
             | about similar rare but annoying problems with Mx Apple
             | computers. I feel like their are verticals where people
             | will favor x86 chips for a while yet.
             | 
             | I am not as close to this as I was when I actually
             | programmed games (oh so long ago!) so I wonder if this is
             | just the point of view of a person who has lost touch with
             | trends in tech.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | That's because the GPU is very different on a Mac. The
               | x86 emulation is perfect.
        
           | etempleton wrote:
           | People miss this. A lot of people will only buy Intel.
           | Businesses and IT departments rarely buy AMD, not just out of
           | brand loyalty, but because of the software and hardware
           | features Intel deploys that are catered to the business
           | market.
        
             | twoodfin wrote:
             | Intel's board is (or should be!) in exactly the right
             | position to assess whether this dam is springing leaks. (It
             | is.)
        
             | gdwatson wrote:
             | This is in large part an OEM issue. Dell or HP will
             | definitely have an Intel version of the machine you are
             | looking for, but AMD versions are hit and miss.
             | 
             | I think this is partly because big OEMs doubt (used to
             | doubt?) AMD's ability to consistently deliver product in
             | the kind of volume they need. Partly it's because of
             | Intel's historically anticompetitive business practices.
        
             | MangoCoffee wrote:
             | >A lot of people will only buy Intel. Businesses and IT
             | departments rarely buy AMD
             | 
             | That's because Intel bribed OEMs to use only Intel chips
        
         | tonyhart7 wrote:
         | US government wouldn't let intel down, this is matter of
         | national security (only grown semiconductor fabs left on US
         | soil) and edge of US tech dominance
        
           | wing-_-nuts wrote:
           | That's the bet I made after the crash last summer. I think
           | the USG only _really_ cares about the fabs, as we 've shown
           | the ability to design better chips than intel's here. Time
           | will tell if I'm right.
        
           | badsandwitch wrote:
           | When that happens typically the company starts optimizing for
           | sucking money from the government. From the point of view of
           | the consumer Intel would be finished.
        
           | hn3er1q wrote:
           | > only grown semiconductor fabs left on US soil
           | 
           | not sure what a "grown" semiconductor fab is but follow this
           | link and sort by location https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_
           | of_semiconductor_fabricat... The number of homegrown
           | companies with fabs is greater than 1
        
             | tonyhart7 wrote:
             | okay, I forgot about texas instruments but lets not kidding
             | ourselves here Intel is literally run pretty much (consumer
             | and bussiness) the most here
             | 
             | it would create so much loses not just by security but also
             | effect on economy would be so high
        
         | osnium123 wrote:
         | The mistake Pat Gelsinger made was that he put his faith in the
         | American manufacturing workforce. Very sad.
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | Nope. From what i heard from VMWare he was just a bad
           | manager. He seems to be just a person skillfully playing org
           | game, yet when it came to deliver he just flopped.
           | 
           | The struggling companies with totally rotten management like
           | to bring such "stars" (pretty shrewd people who built
           | themselves a cute public image of supposedly talented
           | engineers who got promoted into higher management on their
           | merits) - Yahoo/Meyers come to mind as another example - who
           | de-facto complete the destruction of the company while the
           | management rides the gravy train.
        
         | vlan0 wrote:
         | >I feel like this is a mistake. Pat's strategy is aggressive
         | but what the company needs.
         | 
         | He's also 63. Has plenty of money to survive the rest of his
         | life. Has eight grandchildren. There's so much more to life
         | than business. What's to say he doesn't want to simply enjoy
         | life with more connection and community to loved ones around
         | him?
        
           | etempleton wrote:
           | True CEO retirements are announced in advance and do not lead
           | to a strange co-interim CEO situation.
        
             | zarzavat wrote:
             | It's possible he's sick. Who could know?
        
               | KerrAvon wrote:
               | That sort of transition would be managed unambiguously.
               | This is a firing.
        
           | shermantanktop wrote:
           | That would be a healthy, balanced and long-term-oriented
           | approach. But those who get to the level of CEO are subjected
           | to intense forces that select against those traits.
           | 
           | I don't know much about this guy but it's reasonable to
           | assume that any C-level exec will hold on to the position for
           | dear life until they are forced out.
        
             | steelframe wrote:
             | > any C-level exec will hold on to the position for dear
             | life until they are forced out
             | 
             | I don't know. Frank Slootman's retirement from Snowflake
             | earlier this year was certainly not celebrated by any
             | significant stakeholders. I'd imagine at some point someone
             | like Frank realizes that they are worth more than Tim Cook,
             | they consider that they're in their mid-60s, and they
             | decide the remaining time they have on earth might be
             | better spent in other ways.
             | 
             | Every person in the workforce, no matter how ambitious or
             | how senior, is forced into the calculus of money and power
             | vs. good years remaining. I expect the rational ones will
             | select the balance point for themselves.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | There are certainly some indications this was something
               | that was not long in the planning. On the other hand,
               | when (solid) financial security is not a subject on the
               | table, it's a _lot_ easier for many folks to let go--
               | especially given that they can probably do as many board
               | or advisor gigs in the industry as they have an appetite
               | for. Or just go on to a new chapter.
        
             | vlan0 wrote:
             | Here's more info on Pat. He is not your average CEO. He
             | wrote this book almost 20 years ago. Why do you resort to
             | conversation about assumptions?
             | 
             | The Juggling Act: Bringing Balance to Your Faith, Family,
             | and Work
             | 
             | https://www.amazon.com/Juggling-Act-Bringing-Balance-
             | Family/...
        
           | grahamj wrote:
           | > What's to say he doesn't want to simply enjoy life
           | 
           | News: https://www.cnbc.com/2024/12/02/intel-ceo-pat-
           | gelsinger-is-o...
           | 
           | Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger ousted by board
        
         | patrickmoo wrote:
         | Friends that work at intel said gelsinger and the board have
         | done EVERYTHING wrong in the past four years. From blowing key
         | customer accounts to borderline malfeasance with payouts. It's
         | also the board that needs to go too for enabling. The merger
         | with amd sounds like the right path.
        
           | nelsoch wrote:
           | My friends at Intel are essentially saying the same thing.
           | This includes the ones that got laid off- and those that got
           | 'transitioned' to Solidigm.
        
           | osnium123 wrote:
           | Are your friends on the fab/foundry side of things?
        
         | dv_dt wrote:
         | If a breakup is in the works for Intel, merger of the foundry
         | side with Global Foundries would make more sense than AMD.
         | Intel's foundries, even in the state they're in would likely be
         | a step up for GF. And given the political sensitiveness, GF
         | already has DoD contracts for producing chips.
        
           | 7speter wrote:
           | Didn't the US government just give Intel $7b on the condition
           | they don't spin off the foundry business?
           | 
           | https://finance.yahoo.com/news/intels-7-86-billion-
           | subsidy-0...
        
         | monooso wrote:
         | > ...then I don't think Pat gets retired.
         | 
         | This implies that he was pushed out, rather than chose to
         | retire. I can't see anything in the article to suggest this, do
         | you have another source?
        
         | windexh8er wrote:
         | Nope.
         | 
         | Look at what Pat did to VMware. He's doing the exact same thing
         | at Intel. He came in, muddied the waters by hiring way too many
         | people to do way too many things and none of them got done
         | appropriately. Pat _is_ a huge part of the problem.
         | 
         | I had the unfortunate pleasure of watching him not understand,
         | at all, VMware's core competency. It was a nightmare of
         | misunderstanding and waste in that company under his
         | leadership.
         | 
         | Intel turned into even more of a laughing stock under
         | Gelsinger. I say: good riddance. He burned time, capital and
         | people at both VMware and Intel. He's a cancer as a CEO.
        
           | jamiek88 wrote:
           | When he came back to Intel I was saying that all this
           | 'finally an engineer' in charge stuff was misunderstanding
           | Pat Gelsinger and VMWare was front and center in my thinking
           | that.
        
           | thomasjudge wrote:
           | Do you have more details or a reference for the VMware
           | activity? The wikipedia VMware article is pretty brief
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | > The moat of the two companies together would give the new
         | combined company plenty of time to ramp up their fabs.
         | 
         | Doubt.
         | 
         | Neither of the companies is particularly competitive on either
         | processor or GPU architecture nor fabrication.
         | 
         | A merger of those entities looks like nothing but a recipe for
         | further x86 stagnation and an even quicker death for the
         | entities involved imho.
         | 
         | In particular I cannot see what's good in it for AMD. The fabs
         | have no use/clear path forward. Their processors/gpu either
         | match our outmatch the Intel offering.
         | 
         | A Broadcom/Apple takeover of Intel sounds much more reasonable.
        
           | danieldk wrote:
           | _A Broadcom /Apple takeover of Intel sounds much more
           | reasonable._
           | 
           | Out of curiosity, what would make Intel interesting to Apple?
           | Apple already acquired Intel's modem business and they have
           | their own CPU and GPU.
        
             | mylies43 wrote:
             | Maybe for the fabs? It might be attractive for Apple to
             | move production state side via Intels fabs but on the other
             | hand I don't think Intels fabs can do what Apple wants
        
               | hn3er1q wrote:
               | Depends on what Apple wants...
               | 
               | Yes Congressman, we agree to take over Intel fabs if you
               | agree to drop this antitrust nonsense. And we would like
               | our $20B from Google back too.
        
               | AdrianB1 wrote:
               | That would work if the fabs were competitive. For Apple,
               | they are technologically behind.
        
             | epolanski wrote:
             | I think Apple has the cash, culture and management to make
             | the fabs work.
             | 
             | But I'm just speculating.
        
               | microtherion wrote:
               | Apple is really good in making OTHER PEOPLE'S fabs work
               | for their purposes. Running their own manufacturing was
               | never particularly a forte.
               | 
               | Apple currently really enjoys being on the very latest
               | process node. It's not a given that they could match or
               | improve on that with their own fab (Sure, there is a lot
               | of VLSI design and materials experience, but that does
               | not automatically translate into a state of the art
               | process, and is unlikely to contain the magic ingredient
               | to get Intel back on top).
               | 
               | And in the unlikely case it SHOULD work, that will only
               | invite further regulatory headaches.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | > I think the best case scenario for Intel is a merger with AMD
         | 
         | I think a merger with Nvidia would be more likely given the
         | antitrust issues that a merger with AMD would bring up.
        
           | KerrAvon wrote:
           | That assumes a functional antitrust mechanism. We don't know
           | what the next admin will do yet other than attempt
           | technically illegal revenge on people they hate.
        
         | steveBK123 wrote:
         | One argument I've hard in favor of the split is this: If you
         | are AMD/NVDA/other top player, do you want to send your IP to
         | an Intel owned fab for production?
         | 
         | At least in theory, a fully independent, split/spun out
         | standalone fab removes this concern.
         | 
         | That said - what does Intel have to offer the top players here?
         | Their fabs are being state of the art. And what's the
         | standalone value of post-spin fabless Intel if their chip
         | designs are as behind as their fabs?
         | 
         | This certainly presents a conundrum for US policy since we need
         | fabs domestically for national security reasons, but the
         | domestically owned ones are behind.
        
           | KerrAvon wrote:
           | Eh, firewalls can be made strong enough, at least for some
           | things. A software parallel is: you are Apple / Facebook, do
           | you use Azure and/or AWS? I wouldn't, if it were me, but they
           | do.
        
             | steveBK123 wrote:
             | Maybe but I think AWS arguably is a different scale of
             | automation. There's no Amazon human in the loop looking at
             | your source. Sure a human SRE could peak into your system
             | but that's something of an exception.
             | 
             | I can't imagine fabs have that level of automation. It's
             | not like sending a file to your printer. It's a multi month
             | or year project in some cases to get your design produced.
             | There's many humans involved surely.
        
             | mnau wrote:
             | Azure/AWS is cloud/B2B, AAPL/FB are B2C consumer
             | goods/services. Different customers, different industries.
             | There is some overlap, but moat is in other places.
             | 
             | AMD/NVIDIA are in same business as Intel and have same pool
             | of customers.
        
         | heisenbit wrote:
         | The problem is that this transition is very capital intensive
         | and all the money was spent on share buybacks the past decades.
         | The stock market looks at CPUs and GPUs and likes the latter a
         | lot more so no fresh money from there. At the moment the only
         | stakeholder with a vital interest in Intel semiconductor
         | capabilities is the US government and even that may change as a
         | result of Trump.
        
         | drexlspivey wrote:
         | Merger with AMD is very unlikely for competitive reasons but
         | I've read some rumors that 1) Apple will push some production
         | to Intel from TSMC and 2) Apple (and Samsung) are considering
         | buying Intel.
        
         | ahartmetz wrote:
         | >I think the best case scenario for Intel is a merger with AMD
         | 
         | Oh no no no no. Oh hell no. For now, we need competition in the
         | x86 market, and that would kill it dead. Imagine Intel re-
         | releasing the Core 2 Quad, forever.
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | Reuters has some inside information:
         | https://www.reuters.com/business/intel-ceo-pat-gelsinger-ret...
         | 
         | >Gelsinger, who resigned on Dec. 1, left after a board meeting
         | last week during which directors felt Gelsinger's costly and
         | ambitious plan to turn Intel around was not working and the
         | progress of change was not fast enough, according to a person
         | familiar with the matter. The board told Gelsinger he could
         | retire or be removed, and he chose to step down, according to
         | the source.
        
         | genmud wrote:
         | I think that Pats strategy is what the _fab_ needs to do to be
         | successful.
         | 
         | However, I think the fab and design should be separate
         | companies, with separate accountability and goals/objectives.
         | There is just too much baggage by keeping them coupled. It
         | doesn't let either part of the company spread their wings and
         | reach their full potential when they are attached at the hip.
         | From the outside perspective, that is the thing that Pat has
         | seemingly been focused on, keeping it together, and its why
         | people have lost faith in his leadership.
         | 
         | I also don't think that from a investment / stock standpoint
         | that accelerating the depreciation / losses related to
         | restructuring on the most recent quarter was a wise decision,
         | since what Intel really needed was a huge win right now.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > the best case scenario for Intel
         | 
         | That's the best exit case for the shareholders. It's the worst
         | case for Intel's employees, customers and partners.
         | 
         | > would probably co-sign on it for national security concerns
         | 
         | This is equally laughable and detestable at this point in
         | history. My personal security is not impacted by this at all.
         | Weapons manufacturers honestly should not have a seat at this
         | discussion.
         | 
         | > overriding the fact that it creates an absolute monopoly on
         | x86 processors.
         | 
         | Yet this isn't a problem for "national security?" This is why I
         | find these sentiments completely ridiculous fabianesque
         | nonsense.
        
       | age1mlclg6 wrote:
       | Text book CEO.
       | 
       | He came, he did all these things, he left (likely with golden
       | parachutes): https://kevinkruse.com/the-ceo-and-the-three-
       | envelopes/
        
       | leeman2016 wrote:
       | Is it just me or the latest chips from Intel look relatively
       | better? I meant the Ultra Core 1 and 2.
        
         | guardian5x wrote:
         | Better than what they previously had: Yes, with a but. Better
         | than the competition: Overall no.
        
         | Night_Thastus wrote:
         | More power efficient, yes. "Better" no. They're objectively
         | slower than the 14th gen, which is pretty pathetic for a new
         | CPU release.
        
       | kjellsbells wrote:
       | Sad to see Gelsinger go, but despite the churn, I don't think
       | Intel is doomed. At worst, per their most recent Q3 results, I
       | see $150Bn in assets and $4Bn in outstanding stock, and I see the
       | US Gov (both incoming and outgoing) gearing up for a long war
       | against China where Intel would be an asset of national
       | importance.
       | 
       | My back of envelope calculation says Intel should be about $35 a
       | share (150/4). If they stumble when they report Q4, I think the
       | US Gov will twist some arms to make sure that fresh ideas make it
       | onto the board of directors, and perhaps even make Qualcomm buy
       | them.
       | 
       | I do think that Intel need to ditch some of their experiments
       | like Mobileye. Its great (essential) to try and "rebalance their
       | portfolio" away from server/pc chips by trying new businesses,
       | but Mobileye hasnt grown very much.
        
         | cedws wrote:
         | Interested in your opinion, since TSMC has fabs in the US now,
         | are Intel still relevant even in the context of a Chinese
         | invasion of Taiwan?
        
           | nxobject wrote:
           | I imagine it takes a lot behind the scenes - especially
           | priceless professional experience concentrated at HQ - to
           | know how to set up new sites, set the future direction at all
           | levels of the organization/timeframes, etc. etc. etc. What
           | happens to the fabs long-term if leadership from Taiwan is
           | decapitated?
        
           | noahbp wrote:
           | TSMC's US fabs cannot produce enough to replace all that they
           | produce in Taiwan, nor are the US fabs producing a leading-
           | edge node.
        
           | kjellsbells wrote:
           | I would say yes. Speculation follows: If the unthinkable
           | happens, and assuming it devolves into a cold rather than a
           | hot war (eg the Trump administration decide not to send
           | soldiers and weapons to Taiwan but let the Chinese have the
           | island), then US TSMC is appropriated, Intel or AMD or
           | Qualcomm are told to run it, and all three are instructed to
           | ramp up manufacturing capacity as aggressively as possible.
           | If it's more like the status quo saber rattling, then I think
           | USG would still want a 100% domestic supplier to be acting as
           | a second source for the local economy and a primary source
           | for anything the defense-industrial complex needs.
        
           | Anarch157a wrote:
           | Taiwanese law forbids TSMC manufacturing chips abroad using
           | their latest process, so no 2nm in the US fabs,this leaves
           | Intel's 18A as the mist advanced one in US soil.
        
           | Hilift wrote:
           | TSMC Arizona 4 nm fabs are a contingency. TSMC received $6+
           | billion in the CHIPS and Science Act, and the fab opening is
           | delayed until 2025 due to they don't have the local talent
           | yet.
        
         | gautamcgoel wrote:
         | Nitpick: they don't have $4B in public stock, they have about
         | 4B shares outstanding, each of which is currently trading at
         | about $25.
        
       | chvid wrote:
       | Gelsinger seemed well connected to Washington / the democratic
       | administration in particular and the CHIPS act seemed to be
       | designed to save/bail out Intel.
       | 
       | Perhaps this is a fall out from the election.
        
         | fodkodrasz wrote:
         | IMO Intel is far more of a strategic asset to allow such short-
         | sighted policy from whatever administration. The upcoming
         | administration surely knows that, and as far as I know Intel
         | has never made strong steps that would alienate the coming
         | administration from them. Also getting it back on its feet is
         | actually inline with the narrative, it is easy to give it such
         | spin, even if some personal differences are at play, this is
         | more important than that.
        
           | chvid wrote:
           | It is strategically important for the US to be ahead in
           | technology; however Intel is no longer ahead and is not
           | really the strategic asset it used to be.
        
             | fodkodrasz wrote:
             | It is still strategically important to be able to supply
             | domestic civilian, industrial, and military computation
             | needs with good enough chips. If you are not ahead, but
             | still good enough, than you have sovereignty, and have a
             | good chance to get back to the top eventually (in the
             | sort/mid term).
             | 
             | China is not ahead. Still they are capable of mass-
             | producing somewhat capable chips, with good enough yields
             | for strategic projects.
             | 
             | Also they can mass produce now outdated designs, which are
             | still good enough for "office use" to provide continuity of
             | the government bureaucracy's operation.
             | 
             | China has less advanced nodes where it can produce for
             | industrial applications.
             | 
             | They have the potential to eventually get ahead, but now a
             | total embargo you only slow them down, but not cripple
             | them. This situation is acceptable for any state as a
             | temporary measure until reorganizing efforts.
             | 
             | Also Intel is still producing better stuff then the
             | chineese can. It is still ahead. And as I detailed above, I
             | think it would need to fall behind way more to loose its
             | strategic nature.
             | 
             | Also capacities in Taiwan and in South-Korea are very
             | fragile from a strategic perspective, even if they are/were
             | more advanced than what Intel has.
        
       | nabla9 wrote:
       | Gelsinger retires before Intel Foundry spin is ready. This means
       | trouble.
       | 
       | Intel invested tens of billions into A20 and A18 nodes, but it
       | has not paid off yet. News about yield seemed promising. Massive
       | investments have been made. If somebody buys Intel foundries now,
       | they pay one dollar and take debt + subsidies. Intel can write
       | off the debt but don't get potential rewards.
       | 
       | Foundry is the most interesting part of Intel. It's where
       | everything is happening despite all the risk.
        
         | consp wrote:
         | > Massive investments have been made. If somebody buys Intel
         | foundries now, they pay one dollar and take debt + subsidies.
         | Intel can write off the debt but don't get potential rewards.
         | 
         | You are describing the start of the Vulture capitalist playbook
         | for short term profits and dividents right there, take
         | subsidies and loans and sell everything to pay dividents (or
         | rent back to yourself via a shell company) then let the
         | remaining stuff die and sell of for an aditional small profit.
         | Don't know how it works here but it sure sounds like it.
        
           | nabla9 wrote:
           | I'm describing massive investment to fundamental
           | manufacturing infrastructure. Deprecating that capital
           | expenditure takes long time. Exact opposite of vulture
           | capitalism and short determinism.
           | 
           | > Don't know how it works here but it sure sounds like it.
           | 
           | Thank you for being honest and saying that you are describing
           | how things you don't understand sound for you.
        
       | BadHumans wrote:
       | Pat returned as CEO in 2021. I don't think that 3 years is enough
       | time to clean out the internal rot that has led Intel to where it
       | is today and a lot of problems have been in motion for a while.
       | Short-term this might be better for Intel but this move lacks
       | long term vision. Intel also just got a big hand-out from the
       | government that would've kept them moving in the right direction
       | regardless of what CEO is leading the pack.
        
         | tiahura wrote:
         | How long would you give him to run it into the ground?
        
           | BadHumans wrote:
           | I'm not sure but from the outside it seems his biggest sin
           | was not clearing out the executives that let the rot get to
           | this point to begin with.
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | How is 3 years not enough time to dump some mediocre middle
             | management?
        
               | AdrianB1 wrote:
               | Some of these people have strong contracts with clauses
               | against being fired. It is also very difficult to replace
               | them if capable people left the company. Especially if
               | they are the majority of middle management.
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | Has Intel ever made a production chip using their own EUV
       | process? They keep moving the goal post so they'll be state of
       | the art when they get there - currently aiming for "18A" with
       | high NA using the absolute latest equipment from ASML. But I
       | don't think they've demonstrated mastery of EUV at any node yet.
        
         | scrlk wrote:
         | Yes, Intel 4 is in HVM and used for Meteor Lake:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteor_Lake#Process_technology
        
         | 654wak654 wrote:
         | 18A isn't going to use high NA yet, it's just EUV. Intel is
         | hoping to start using high-NA with their 14A process in 2026.
         | Obviously with their current state that 2026 deadline might get
         | pushed further.
         | 
         | [1]: https://wccftech.com/intel-adds-14a-process-node-to-its-
         | road...
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | I am perhaps one of Pat's biggest fan. Was in tears when I knew
       | he is back at Intel [1];
       | 
       | > _" Notable absent from that list is he fired Pat Gelsinger.
       | Please just bring him back as CEO." - 2012 on HN, when Paul
       | Otellini Retired._
       | 
       | > _" The only one who may have a slim chance to completely
       | transform Intel is Pat Gelsinger, if Andy Grove saved Intel last
       | time, it will be his apprentice to save Intel again.
       | Unfortunately given what Intel has done to Pat during his last
       | tenure, I am not sure if he is willing to pick up the job,
       | especially the board's Chairman is Bryant, not sure how well they
       | go together. But we know Pat still loves Intel, and I know a lot
       | of us miss Pat." [2] - June, 2018_
       | 
       | I am sad to read this. As I wrote [2] only a few hours ago about
       | how the $8B from Chip ACT is barely anything if US / Intel wants
       | to compete with TSMC.
       | 
       | Unfortunately there were lot of things that didn't go to plan. Or
       | from my reading of it was out of his control. Cutting Dividends
       | was a No No from Board until late. Big Cut of headcount wasn't
       | allowed until too late. Basically he was tasked to turn the ship
       | around rapidly, not allow to rock the ship too much all while it
       | has leaky water at the bottom. And I will again, like I have
       | already wrote in [1], point the finger at the board.
       | 
       | My reading of this is that it is a little too late to save Intel,
       | both as foundry and chip making. Having Pat " _retired_ " would
       | likely mean the board is now planning to sell Intel off since Pat
       | would likely be the biggest opponents to this idea.
       | 
       | At less than $100B I am sure there are plenty of interested
       | buyers for various part of Intel. Broadcomm could be one.
       | Qualcomm or may be even AMD. I am just not sure who will take the
       | Foundry or if the Foundry will be a separate entity.
       | 
       | I dont want Pat and Intel to end like this. But the world is
       | unforgiving and cruel. I have been watching TSMC grow and cheer
       | leading them in 2010 before 99.99% of the internet even heard of
       | its name and I know their game far too well. So I know competing
       | against TSMC is a task that is borderline impossible in many
       | aspect. But I would still wanted to see Pat bring Intel back to
       | leading edge again. The once almightily Intel.....
       | 
       | Farewell and Goodbye Pat. Thank You for everything you have done.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25765443
       | 
       | [2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42293541
        
         | crowcroft wrote:
         | I hope they sell off some more distracting/minor parts of the
         | business, and then work with a fund to take the company
         | private.
         | 
         | Similar to Yahoo a number of years ago, there's some real
         | business still there, they just need to remove the expectation
         | of constant quarterly calls and expectations and make long
         | term, consistent investments again.
        
       | crowcroft wrote:
       | Stock moving up slightly? In the context of the last week even it
       | seems like Wall Street mostly doesn't care either way.
       | 
       | At this stage in Intel's life I think having a financier
       | overseeing the company might actually be a good move. Engineering
       | leadership is of course critical across the business, but they
       | company has historically paid large dividends and is now moving
       | into a stage where it's removing those pay outs, taking on debt
       | and managing large long-term investments across multiple parts of
       | the business.
       | 
       | Someone needs to be able to manage those investments and
       | communicate that to Wall Street/Investors in a way that makes
       | sense and doesn't cause any surprises.
       | 
       | Pat's error isn't that Intel revenues are slowing or that things
       | are struggling, it's the fact he continued to pay dividends and
       | pretend it wasn't a huge issue... until it was.
        
       | neverartful wrote:
       | Intel has had some big failures (or missed opportunities) over
       | the years. Just going from memory - Pentium 4 architecture, not
       | recognizing market opportunities with ARM, Itanium, AMD beating
       | them to 64 bits on x86, AMD beating them to chiplets and high
       | number of PCIe lanes with EPYC, poor battery life (generally) on
       | laptops. The innovations from Apple with Apple Silicon (ARM) and
       | AMD with EPYC make Intel look like they're completely lost.
       | That's before we even touch on what RISC-V might do to them. It
       | seems like the company has a long history of complacency and
       | hubris.
        
       | guardian5x wrote:
       | Pretty much missing out on AI completely was and is a problem for
       | Intel.
        
       | ZeroCool2u wrote:
       | Full disclosure, the day Bob Swan announced his exit was the day
       | I purchased Intel stock.
       | 
       | Pat had the mandate from both the board and the market to do
       | whatever he deemed necessary to bring Intel back to the forefront
       | of semiconductor manufacturing and a leading edge node. Frankly,
       | I don't think he used that mandate the way he should have.
       | Hindsight is 20/20 and all, but he probably could have used that
       | mandate to eliminate a lot of the middle management layer in the
       | company and refocus on pure engineering. From the outside it
       | seems like there's something rotten in that layer as the ship
       | hasn't been particularly responsive to his steering, even with
       | the knowledge of the roughly 4-5 year lead time that a company
       | like Intel has to deal with. Having been there for so long
       | though, a lot of his friends were probably in that layer and I
       | can empathize with him being a bit over confident and believing
       | he could turn it around while letting everyone keep their jobs.
       | 
       | The market reaction really does highlight how what's good for
       | Intel long term as a business is not necessarily what the market
       | views as good.
       | 
       | Folks in this thread are talking about a merger with AMD or
       | splitting the foundry/design business. I doubt AMD wants this.
       | They're relatively lean and efficient at this point and turning
       | Intel around is a huge project that doesn't seem worth the effort
       | when they're firing on all cylinders. Splitting the business is
       | probably great for M&A bankers, but it's hard to see how that
       | would actually help the US keep a leading semi-conductor
       | manufacturer on shore. That business would likely end up just
       | going the same way as GlobalFoundries and we all know that didn't
       | really work out.
       | 
       | The most bizarre thing to me is that they've appointed co-CEO's
       | that are both basically CFO's. That doesn't smell of success to
       | me.
       | 
       | I think one of the more interesting directions Intel could go is
       | if Nvidia leveraged their currently enormous stock value and
       | moved in for an acquisition of the manufacturing division. (Quick
       | glance shows a market cap of 3.4 trillion. I knew it was high,
       | but still, wow.) Nvidia has the stock price and cash to support
       | the purchase and rather uniquely, has the motive with the GPU
       | shortage to have their own manufacturing arm. Plus, they've
       | already been rumored to be making plays in the general compute
       | space, but in ARM and RISC-V, not x86. Personally, Jensen is one
       | of the few CEO's that I can imagine having the right tempo and
       | tenor for taming that beast.
       | 
       | I'm curious what others think of the Nvidia acquisition idea.
        
         | mrandish wrote:
         | > The most bizarre thing to me is that they've appointed co-
         | CEO's that are both basically CFO's.
         | 
         | It makes sense once you understand the board has finally
         | accepted the obvious reality that the only option remaining is
         | to sell/spin-off/merge large parts of the business. Of course,
         | the foundry business must remain in one piece and go to an
         | American company or the US govt won't approve it.
         | 
         | Gelsinger 'got resigned' so suddenly because he wouldn't agree
         | to preside over the process of splitting up the company. These
         | co-CEOs are just caretakers to manage the M&A process, so they
         | don't need to be dynamic turnaround leaders or even Wall Street
         | investable.
        
       | steveBK123 wrote:
       | Seems like the board is going for a breakup strategy..
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | Pat was at the helm for just a few years and has already been
       | sent to the guillotine.
       | 
       | Maybe it isn't wise that the USA dump billions into private
       | companies that can't even get their own house in order.
       | 
       | I wouldn't be surprised if the next CEO installed by the board
       | will be hellbent on prepping INTC for sale. A few of the board of
       | directors of INTC are from private investment firms.
        
       | MangoCoffee wrote:
       | Intel either go the IDM route or split the company into two.
       | Intel can't afford to fuck around and find out.
       | 
       | AMD is gaining ground on x86 without the burden of fab, and Apple
       | has demonstrated that desktop ARM is viable. Nvidia is showing
       | the world that GPUs can handle parallel computing better.
        
       | readyplayernull wrote:
       | Break their fabs up, make one of those focus on GPUs, another on
       | NPUs, so FPGAs, and robotics. Some will die some will yield new
       | "Intel's."
        
         | eYrKEC2 wrote:
         | TSMC handles AMD chips and NVidia chips. Why do you think Intel
         | needs a special fab _for_ GPUs? It's the same lithography
         | process.
        
           | readyplayernull wrote:
           | It's not about it needing special fabs, but about breaking it
           | up into market segments.
        
       | shrubble wrote:
       | Here are 2 things I have noticed that seem obvious weaknesses:
       | 
       | 1. Looking at the CyberMonday and BlackFriday deals, I see that
       | the 12900K and 14900* series CPUs are what is being offered on
       | the Intel side. Meanwhile AMD has released newer chips. So Intel
       | has issues with either yield, pricing or other barriers to
       | adoption of their latest.
       | 
       | 2. The ARC GPUs are way behind; it seems obvious to me that a way
       | to increase usage and sales is to simply add more VRAM to the
       | GPUs - Nvidia limits the 4090 to 24GB; so if Intel shipped a GPU
       | with 48 or 64GB VRAM, more people would buy those just to have
       | the extra VRAM. It would spur more development, more usage, more
       | testing and ultimately result in ARC being a better choice for
       | LLMs, image processing, etc.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | For that to work, they need a software stack to compete with
         | CUDA.
         | 
         | Nvidia is so far ahead that a single manufacturer won't be able
         | to compete for developers. Instead, the only chance the rest of
         | the AI GPU market has is to build some portable open source
         | thing and use it to gang up on Nvidia.
         | 
         | That means bigger GPU players (AMD, hyperscalers) will need to
         | be involved.
        
           | Wytwwww wrote:
           | > For that to work, they need a software stack to compete
           | with CUDA.
           | 
           | Doesn't Intel have pretty decent support in PyTorch? It's not
           | like most people working on/with AI use CUDA directly.
           | 
           | And especially for stuff like LLMs software is hardly the
           | main or even a significant barrier.
        
           | shrubble wrote:
           | I am not a PyTorch user, but there is already Intel-supplied
           | ARC acceleration for PyTorch: https://www.intel.com/content/w
           | ww/us/en/developer/articles/t...
           | 
           | Having half the number of GPUs in a workstation/local server
           | setup to have same amount of VRAM might make up for whatever
           | slowdown there would be if you had to use less-optimized
           | code. For instance running or training a model that required
           | 192GB of VRAM would take 4x48GB VRAM but 8x24GB VRAM GPUs.
        
         | Wytwwww wrote:
         | > pricing or other barriers to adoption of their latest.
         | 
         | They are just not very good? There is basically no point in
         | buying the current gen equivalent 14900K with current pricing
         | (the only real advantage is lower power usage).
        
         | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
         | > Meanwhile AMD has released newer chips.
         | 
         | Your comment confuses me. BOTH have released newer chips. Intel
         | with the Core Ultra 200 series and AMD with Ryzen 9000. Neither
         | are going to be on Black Friday sales.
         | 
         | > So Intel has issues with either yield, pricing or other
         | barriers to adoption of their latest.
         | 
         | How does not putting their latest chips on sale indicate
         | trouble selling them?
        
       | Kon-Peki wrote:
       | It seems really strange to me that the CEOs of two major
       | companies have announced immediate retirements on the same day
       | (the other being Carlos Tavaris of Stellantis).
        
         | dreamcompiler wrote:
         | I'm more surprised about Gelsinger than Tavares. Gelsinger
         | seemed to have a viable plan going forward, even if progress
         | was slow.
         | 
         | But Tavares has been doing a terrible job for the past year:
         | New Jeep inventories stacking up on dealer lots for over a
         | year, mass layoffs, plant closings, unreliable cars, and no
         | meaningful price reductions or other measures to correct the
         | situation. You couldn't pay me to take a new Jeep or Ram truck
         | right now.
        
       | ngneer wrote:
       | I see a lot more speculation on this thread than data.
        
       | centiromi wrote:
       | Does Nvidia use Intel foundry? No.
       | 
       | Does Apple use Intel foundry? No.
       | 
       | The two largest fabless companies in the world never used, and
       | have no plans to use Intel foundries.
       | 
       | "Intel foundry" as a service is a fiction, and will remain so.
       | Intel can't get others to use their weird custom software
       | tooling.
        
         | cwoolfe wrote:
         | Amazon AWS said they'd use the hypothetical Intel foundry to
         | fab their chips.
         | https://press.aboutamazon.com/aws/2024/9/intel-and-aws-expan...
        
           | centiromi wrote:
           | The AWS deal is not a "Foundry win" in the true sense. It is
           | still a chip designed and built by Intel for AWS: custom Xeon
           | chip and custom Intel Clearwater Forest AI chip.
           | 
           | Unlike true foundries which manufacture chips designed by
           | customers.
        
       | RandyOrion wrote:
       | From a customer's perspective: NO, I don't like the BIG-little
       | core architecture of CPUs on desktop platforms, and I don't enjoy
       | the quality issues of the 13-14th gen CPUs; I also don't like the
       | lack of software support for middling performing GPUs. I used to
       | like intel's SSD, but the division was sold.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | They were just rebranded micron ssd's the last time I checked.
        
           | wtallis wrote:
           | They weren't. Intel and Micron used to co-develop the flash
           | memory but had different strategies for SSD controllers, and
           | Intel did a full generation of flash memory after breaking up
           | with Micron and before selling their SSD business to Hynix.
        
       | hitekker wrote:
       | A few years, Pat said Intel had internally rebuilt their "Grovian
       | execution Engine". I found those words empty, a far cry from Andy
       | Grove's hard decision to dump memory in favor of microprocessors.
       | Andy Grove's decisions made Intel, Intel, not "execution".
       | 
       | It's unfortunate the situation is beyond almost anyone's grasp
       | but I wonder if Pat should have talked less, and done more.
        
       | bcantrill wrote:
       | I am amazed -- stunned -- how many people here seem to think that
       | Gelsinger was the right person for the job, but wronged by the
       | people who pre-dated him (BK?!) or the CHIPS act (?!) or other
       | conditions somehow out of his control.
       | 
       | Gelsinger was -- emphatically -- the wrong person for the job:
       | someone who had been at Intel during its glory days and who
       | obviously believed in his heart that he -- and he alone! -- could
       | return the company to its past. That people fed into this
       | messianic complex by viewing him as "the return of the engineer"
       | was further problematic. To be clear: when Gelsinger arrived in
       | 2021, the company was in deep crisis. It needed a leader who
       | could restore it to technical leadership, but could do so by
       | making some tough changes (namely, the immediate elimination of
       | the dividend and a very significant reduction in head count). In
       | contrast, what Gelsinger did was the worst of all paths: allowed
       | for a dividend to be paid out for far (FAR!) too long and never
       | got into into really cutting the middle management undergrowth.
       | Worst of all, things that WERE innovative at Intel (e.g., Tofino)
       | were sloppily killed, destroying the trust that Intel desperately
       | needs if it is to survive.
       | 
       | No one should count Intel out (AMD's resurrection shows what's
       | possible here!), but Intel under Gelsinger was an unmitigated
       | disaster -- and a predictable one.
        
         | nunez wrote:
         | Interestingly, people were bullish about Gelsinger at VMware
         | too. Many still talk about the glory days with him at the helm
         | despite decisions that IMO significantly harmed the company
        
         | baq wrote:
         | let's not pretend BK did any good for the company though, you
         | sound like he did an ok job
        
           | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
           | I had forgotten who "BK" was , so I dove into
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel
           | 
           | "On May 2, 2013, Executive Vice President and COO Brian
           | Krzanich was elected as Intel's sixth CEO [...]"
           | 
           | The next paragraph is ominous ...
           | 
           | 'As of May 2013, Intel's board of directors consists of Andy
           | Bryant, John Donahoe, Frank Yeary, Ambassador Charlene
           | Barshefsky, Susan Decker, Reed Hundt, Paul Otellini, James
           | Plummer, David Pottruck, and David Yoffie and Creative
           | director will.i.am. The board was described by former
           | Financial Times journalist Tom Foremski as "an exemplary
           | example of corporate governance of the highest order" and
           | received a rating of ten from GovernanceMetrics
           | International, a form of recognition that has only been
           | awarded to twenty-one other corporate boards worldwide.'
        
           | bcantrill wrote:
           | I definitely have some issues with BK, but it's more that
           | there is another entire CEO between BK and Gelsinger (Bob
           | Swan!) -- and I think it's strange to blame BK more than
           | Swan?
        
         | hedgehog wrote:
         | I don't think you're wrong but the overarching structure of the
         | chip business is very different from times gone by. It's not
         | even clear what "technical leadership" should mean. When Intel
         | was the leading edge volume leader just on their own processor
         | line, that gave them a scale advantage they no longer have and
         | that won't come back. They built a culture and organization
         | around thick margins and manufacturing leadership, what we're
         | seeing now looks like everyone from investors to employees
         | searching for anyone who will tell them a happy story of a
         | return to at least the margins part. Without a cohesive version
         | of what the next iteration of a healthy Intel should look like
         | all the cost cutting in the world won't save them.
        
       | sgerenser wrote:
       | Latest story from Bloomberg confirms "He was given the option to
       | retire or be removed, and chose to announce the end of his career
       | at Intel" https://finance.yahoo.com/news/intel-ceo-gelsinger-
       | leaves-ch...
        
       | lawrenceyan wrote:
       | If AMD can come back from the brink of bankruptcy, then Intel can
       | too. I believe.
       | 
       | [Edit]: Though it might have to be that Intel literally has to
       | come to the brink of bankruptcy in order for that comeback to
       | happen.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | The CEO of a public company is a glorified cheerleader. Doing the
       | right things is half the job, _convincing people_ you are doing
       | the right things is the other half. Considering Intel 's share
       | price dropped 61% under Gelsinger's tenure, no matter the work he
       | did towards the first half, it's pretty clear he thoroughly
       | failed at the second. They desperately need someone who will
       | drive back investor confidence in the company, and fast.
        
         | dralley wrote:
         | January 18, 2022 - "Intel CEO says AMD is in the rearview
         | mirror and 'never again will they be in the windshield'"
         | 
         | https://www.pcgamer.com/intel-ceo-says-amd-is-in-the-rearvie...
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | Intel has no GPU. Intel has no mobile processors / SOCs. These
         | seem to be the drivers of growth nowadays. And their CPUs have
         | hard time competing with AMD now. I'm not sure that the 3 years
         | which Geslinger had were enough to turn the tide.
        
           | 999900000999 wrote:
           | >Intel has no GPU.
           | 
           | I own one, Arc isn't the best, but it's still able to compete
           | with lower end Nvidia and AMD GPUs. They ended up having to
           | mark them down pretty drastically though.
           | 
           | I actually owned an Intel Zenphone about 8 years ago. Aside
           | from being absolutely massive, it was decent.
           | 
           | I think Intel got arrogant. Even today, with all the
           | benchmarks showing Intel isn't any faster than AMD, Intel is
           | still more expensive for PC builds.
           | 
           | Check Microcenter, at least in the US, the cheapest AMD
           | bundle is 299 vs 399 for Intel.
           | 
           | They're lagging behind in every metric.
        
             | nine_k wrote:
             | Yes. Intel _might have_ a GPU, and maybe even a phone SOC,
             | if they tried hard enough. Intel 's integrated GPU cores
             | are quite decent; I had high hopes on Arc eventually
             | becoming the third major discrete offering. Alas.
             | 
             | Intel indeed rested too long on their laurels from early
             | 2000s. It's one of the most dangerous things for a company
             | to do.
        
         | hintymad wrote:
         | > The CEO of a public company is a glorified cheerleader.
         | 
         | I find this view limited. If we look at the most successful
         | tech CEOs, they all personally drove the direction of products.
         | Steve Jobs is an obvious example. Elon pushes the products of
         | his companies so much that he even became a fellow of the
         | National Academy of Engineering. Jeff Bezos was widely credited
         | as the uber product manager in Amazon. Andrew Grove pushed
         | Intel to sell their memory business and go all in on CPUs.
         | Walton Jr. was famous for pushing IBM to go all in on
         | electronic computers and later the mainframes. The list can go
         | on and on. In contrary, we can see how mere cheerleading can
         | lead to the demise of companies. Jeff Immelt as described in
         | the book Lights Out can be such an example.
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | 0-to-1-ing a company is different muscle from managing an
           | established company.
           | 
           | Revenue expectations, margins expectations, and investors are
           | entirely different between the two.
           | 
           | This is why most founder CEOs tend to either get booted out
           | or choose to keep their companies private as long as
           | possible.
        
             | hintymad wrote:
             | Given the average shelf life of S&P companies, I assume
             | that even an established company needs to go through 0-to-1
             | all the time. The aforementioned companies all reinvented
             | themselves multiple times.
             | 
             | > Revenue expectations, margins expectations, and investors
             | are entirely different between the two.
             | 
             | Yeah, it's hard. How the great CEOs achieve their successes
             | are beyond me. I was just thinking that a great CEO needs
             | to drive product changes.
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | All the CEOs in your example did some great work, yes, but
           | also created a cult following around themselves. They were
           | all shareholder darlings. Most of them are featured in
           | business school textbooks as examples of how to run a
           | company. All this kind of proves the point I'm trying to
           | make. Just being involved in products isn't enough, not by a
           | long shot. You need to make investors go "Steve Jobs is in
           | charge, so the company is in good hands". If you can't do
           | that, you may as well be a mid-level product manager or
           | director or VP doing all those same things.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > The CEO of a public company is a glorified cheerleader.
         | 
         | It can be. You've just noticed the fact that for publicly
         | traded companies where the value of the stock exceeds the total
         | value of the assets you actually get to put that difference on
         | your books into categories like "Good will" or "Consumer
         | confidence."
         | 
         | For companies struggling to create genuine year over year value
         | this is a currently validated mechanism for faking it. The
         | majority of companies do not need to do this. That companies
         | operating in monopolized sectors often have to do it is what
         | really should be scrutinized.
        
       | _zoltan_ wrote:
       | I don't know why everybody is talking nicely of him and being
       | boohoo.
       | 
       | The guy thumped religious stuff on his twitter, didn't
       | acknowledge competition, didn't reform company culture and was
       | left in the dust.
       | 
       | Intel is better off without him.
        
       | honkycat wrote:
       | The Intel story is very simple folks: they spent all of their
       | cash on stock purchases instead of upgrading equipment.
        
       | KaoruAoiShiho wrote:
       | 18A is an absolute disaster, it's investor lawsuit worthy.
       | 
       | When the news came out that 20A was canceled the spin was 18A was
       | so advanced that they no longer needed an in-between node.
       | 
       | NOPE, what happened was that 18A was a failure, and they renamed
       | 20A to 18A.
        
       | bionade24 wrote:
       | Plenty of people here talk about the mistakes from Intel CEOs.
       | But do they really have so much influence over the success of new
       | production lines? Or is this maybe caused by some group of
       | middle-management that backed each other's ass the last 10 years?
       | How high is the possibility that the production problems with new
       | nodes are mostly bad luck? I haven't seen anything trying analyse
       | and quantise those questions.
        
       | efitz wrote:
       | Dear Intel Executive Search Team,
       | 
       | Hi! CEOing has always been a hobby of mine, but with the recent
       | news, I thought this would be a great opportunity for us to
       | synergize.
       | 
       | Sure, I don't have much experience in the chip making world but I
       | did buy a Pentium when I built my own computer. I also have never
       | run a multinational company but I visited several other countries
       | on a Disney cruise.
       | 
       | Let me lay it out- you would get a dynamic new CEO at a fraction
       | of the going market rate, and I'd get to take my Chief
       | Executiving skills to the next level.
       | 
       | Let's do this together!
       | 
       | You can reply here and let me know if you're interested.
        
         | doctorpangloss wrote:
         | You joke, but the media-to-leadership pipeline is coming for US
         | business.
        
       | pharos92 wrote:
       | You always hope as a technical person to see an engineer running
       | a company. This move, in these circumstances do little to inspire
       | confidence for engineers occupying c-suite positions. I had high
       | hopes for Pat, given his previous track record. But it appears
       | the damage to Intel had already been done.
        
       | Koshkin wrote:
       | Someone should get fired for discontinuing ifort...
        
       | MPSFounder wrote:
       | I worked for 3 months for Intel. I can genuinely say that there
       | is no saving that company. Recently, they are hiring many PhDs
       | from various US universities (particularly Indians) to try to
       | compensate (they offer generous stocks and are hiring like crazy
       | right now). There are two major problems I saw: lack of genuine
       | interest in fabs (most people are there for the Intel name and
       | then leave or in the case of Indians, they are there for Visa
       | purposes. Mind you, we were not allowed to hire people from China
       | since Intel is subject to Export laws). The biggest problem by
       | far is lack of talent. Most of the talent I know is either at
       | Apple or Facebook/Google, including those trained in hardware.
       | Intel is bound to crumble, so I hope we as taxpayers don't foot
       | the bill. There was unwillingness to innovate and almost everyone
       | wanted to maintain the status quo. This might work in traditional
       | manufacturing (think tennis rackets, furniture...), but fabs must
       | improve their lithography manufacturing nodes or they get eaten
       | by the competition
        
         | bentcorner wrote:
         | > _Most of the talent I know is either at Apple or Facebook
         | /Google_
         | 
         | A relative of mine with a PhD sounds exactly like this. Worked
         | for Intel on chip-production tech then was hired by Apple about
         | 10 years ago, working on stuff that gets mentioned in Apple
         | keynotes.
        
         | AdrianB1 wrote:
         | A few years ago a CEO of Intel (not Gelsinger) said something
         | like "our CPU architecture is so well-known every college
         | student can work on it". A friend working at Intel at that time
         | translated it to me: "we will hire cheap students to work on
         | chips and we will let the expensive engineers leave". At least
         | in his department the senior engineers left, they were replaced
         | by fresh graduates. It did not work, that department closed. I
         | have no idea how widespread this was inside Intel, but I saw it
         | in other big companies, in some with my own eyes.
        
       | whinvik wrote:
       | Feels like the wrong move. Turning a chip company around has
       | timescales of a decade. Getting rid of a CEO 3 years in simply
       | means no turnaround is going to happen.
        
       | sys_64738 wrote:
       | Maybe this is part of their Tick-Tock CEO strategy?
        
       | aiinnyc wrote:
       | What timescale are we looking at to decide if building foundries
       | and manufacturing chips in the States is a good idea? There's an
       | argument that there aren't nearly enough skilled workers to do
       | high tech manufacturing here. Didn't TSMC also struggle to hire
       | enough skilled workers in Arizona?
        
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