[HN Gopher] What will enter the public domain in 2025?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What will enter the public domain in 2025?
        
       Author : Tomte
       Score  : 374 points
       Date   : 2024-12-01 20:17 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (publicdomainreview.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (publicdomainreview.org)
        
       | Amorymeltzer wrote:
       | It's advent calendar-style, so
       | <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_in_public_domain> might be
       | more informative.
        
         | leoc wrote:
         | _Red Harvest_ is in there? You can be sure that number of film
         | and TV writers, and perhaps directors and producers, have set
         | their alarm clocks for that one. https://crimereads.com/the-
         | strange-cinematic-afterlife-of-re...
        
           | cxr wrote:
           | You may be interested to know that the story for The Maltese
           | Falcon, not listed, will also be entering public domain
           | because it was published in monthly installments in Black
           | Mask magazine before it was published as a novel. (Any
           | changes between the publication in Black Mask and those made
           | for the novelization, if significant enough, will of course
           | still be under copyright and so the novelization proper still
           | won't be entering public domain for another 13 months.)
           | 
           | We have had difficulty getting our hands on these issues,
           | though (or scans of them).
           | 
           | It's interesting that AMC just launched a series featuring
           | Sam Spade this year, the year _before_ the character goes
           | into the public domain...
        
             | qingcharles wrote:
             | When you say, "we" who do you mean? Are the magazines
             | particularly rare?
        
               | cxr wrote:
               | Those of us trying to get them scanned in and online.
               | 
               | Black Mask is pretty rare. Brooks Hefner at James Madison
               | University oversaw the acquisition/accession (I think) of
               | their Black Mask collection, of which they have quite a
               | bit in comparison to other places, but it's still
               | incomplete. The Ransom Center in Austin specializes in
               | rare and collectible items, but only has one or two
               | issues. The Library of Congress may well have a complete
               | collection, but what they do have isn't digitized because
               | the pages are brittle and are literally falling apart
               | (even moreso than other/older printed material).
        
               | blacksqr wrote:
               | Godspeed to all working on this.
        
               | qingcharles wrote:
               | I'm guessing you're already on the Pulp Scans group,
               | right?
        
               | cxr wrote:
               | No.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | Dashiel Hammet died in 1961 so wouldn't that mean the
             | Maltese Falcon will still in PD until 2031 in the EU?
        
               | cxr wrote:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_the_shorter_term
        
         | GeoAtreides wrote:
         | No notable wroters, except one: Par Lagerkvist
        
         | kayge wrote:
         | Or if you want to peek ahead like a kid who's bound for the
         | Naughty list, you can use dev tools and add the 'will-open'
         | class to any of those <button> elements :)
        
       | aaronbrethorst wrote:
       | I, for one, am looking forward to _A Farewell to Arms and
       | Zombies_ , inevitably coming out soon.
        
         | gweinberg wrote:
         | I guess putting a book on a trash can to trap your possessed
         | severed hand is considered fair use.
        
       | cle wrote:
       | Here's the full list, base64-encoded (since HN doesn't support
       | spoilers...)                   QSBSb29tIG9mIE9uZSdzIE93biBieSBWaX
       | JnaW5pYSBXb29sZgpUaGUgTWFuIFdpdGhpbiBieSBHcmFoYW0gR3JlZW5lCkhlbnJ
       | pIE1hdGlzc2UKVGhlIFNvdW5kIGFuZCB0aGUgRnVyeSBieSBXaWxsaWFtIEZhdWxr
       | bmVyCkZyaWRhIEthaGxvCk1hZ2ljayBpbiBUaGVvcnkgYW5kIFByYWN0aWNlIGJ5I
       | EFsZWlzdGVyIENyb3dsZXkKRHVrZSBFbGxpbmd0b24KTWFnbmlmaWNlbnQgT2JzZX
       | NzaW9uIGJ5IExsb3lkIEMuIERvdWdsYXMKQ2hhcmxlcyBJdmVzCkEgRmFyZXdlbGw
       | gdG8gQXJtcyBieSBFcm5lc3QgSGVtaW5nd2F5ClRoZWEgdm9uIEhhcmJvdQpCZXJs
       | aW4gQWxleGFuZGVycGxhdHogYnkgQWxmcmVkIETDtmJsaW4KUm9iZXJ0IENhcGEKT
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       | EIuIFByaWVzdGxleQpIdWRzb24gUml2ZXIgQnJhY2tldGVkIGJ5IEVkaXRoIFdoYX
       | J0b24KVGhlIE1hcmFjb3QgRGVlcCBieSBBcnRodXIgQ29uYW4gRG95bGUKQW5uZSB
       | TZXh0b24KTGVzIEVuZmFudHMgVGVycmlibGVzIGJ5IEplYW4gQ29jdGVhdQpEb2Rz
       | d29ydGggYnkgU2luY2xhaXIgTGV3aXMKRG9uYWxkIEdvaW5lcwo=
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | For those on the lazy side: A pastebin link option
         | 
         | https://pastebin.com/raw/9wfPfzT3
        
           | saghm wrote:
           | At the risk of the above comment being edited and making this
           | stop working, here's an alternative lazy version:
           | curl https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42291112 | grep
           | 'QSBSb[^<]\+' -o | base64 --decode
        
             | zamadatix wrote:
             | The lazy version is more targeted for the mobile users
             | browsing by for the first ~24 hours not wanting to try to
             | copy the data or find a way to run commands.
             | 
             | For the desktop-ers, future travellers, or just generally
             | private/skeptical mobile users among us I'd recommend this
             | method https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42291434 for
             | the private long lasting lazy experience (no external tools
             | necessary, but you do need to perform a manual copy into
             | your URL bar).
        
         | arealaccount wrote:
         | Surprised Gandhi is on that list, was he generally someone
         | known to assert his intellectual property rights?
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | Copyright, at least in the U.S., is automatic.
           | 
           | He would have to actively assert that he was releasing it
           | into the public domain (and IIRC, although my last discussion
           | on the topic was ~20 years ago, such a release had not yet
           | been tested in court).
        
             | callingbull wrote:
             | > Copyright, at least in the U.S., is automatic.
             | 
             | It is now, but back then a work was public domain if
             | released without a valid copyright notice.
             | 
             | Charade, a 1963 film, entered the public domain immediately
             | on release.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charade_(1963_film)#Public-
             | dom...
        
             | ndriscoll wrote:
             | It wasn't automatic in the past, which notably led to Night
             | of the Living Dead accidentally becoming public domain on
             | release.
        
           | crossroadsguy wrote:
           | Having known of the man I would say copyright would have
           | been, if at all, at somewhere in the bottom of bottom list of
           | battles he was (and had to be) fighting.
        
         | doublerabbit wrote:
         | And if you can't read base64, a base16 encoded version below.
         | 4120526F6F6D206F66204F6E652773204F776E2062792056697267696E69612
         | 0576F6F6C660A546865204D616E2057697468696E2062792047726168616D20
         | 477265656E650A48656E7269204D6174697373650A54686520536F756E64206
         | 16E642074686520467572792062792057696C6C69616D204661756C6B6E6572
         | 0A4672696461204B61686C6F0A4D616769636B20696E205468656F727920616
         | E6420507261637469636520627920416C6569737465722043726F776C65790A
         | 44756B6520456C6C696E67746F6E0A4D61676E69666963656E74204F6273657
         | 373696F6E206279204C6C6F796420432E20446F75676C61730A436861726C65
         | 7320497665730A41204661726577656C6C20746F2041726D732062792045726
         | E6573742048656D696E677761790A5468656120766F6E20486172626F750A42
         | 65726C696E20416C6578616E646572706C61747A20627920416C66726564204
         | 4F6626C696E0A526F6265727420436170610A4C61756768696E6720426F7920
         | 6279204F6C69766572204C612046617267650A436F6C657474650A4C6F6F6B2
         | 0486F6D65776172642C20416E67656C2062792054686F6D617320576F6C6665
         | 0A41756775737465204C756D69E872650A50726F6365737320616E642052656
         | 16C69747920627920416C66726564204E6F727468205768697465686561640A
         | 4461756768746572206F662045617274682062792041676E657320536D65646
         | C65790A41646F6C706820476F74746C6965620A476F6F642D42796520746F20
         | 416C6C205468617420627920526F62657274204772617665730A54686520537
         | 46F7279206F66204D79204578706572696D656E747320776974682054727574
         | 68206279204D616861746D612047616E6468690A4C696C20477265656E0A416
         | C6C205175696574206F6E20746865205765737465726E2046726F6E74202874
         | 72616E736C6174696F6E29206279204572696368204D617269612052656D617
         | 27175650A54686520476F6F6420436F6D70616E696F6E73206279204A2E2042
         | 2E205072696573746C65790A487564736F6E20526976657220427261636B657
         | 465642062792045646974682057686172746F6E0A546865204D617261636F74
         | 20446565702062792041727468757220436F6E616E20446F796C650A416E6E6
         | 520536578746F6E0A4C657320456E66616E7473205465727269626C65732062
         | 79204A65616E20436F63746561750A446F6473776F7274682062792053696E6
         | 36C616972204C657769730A446F6E616C6420476F696E65730A
        
           | clarkdale wrote:
           | Maybe more helpful would be base 256 so it renders in ascii.
        
             | doublerabbit wrote:
             | Doesn't look as cool.
        
         | remram wrote:
         | Stick a data: prefix in front and it'll decode in web browsers:
         | data:text/plain;base64,QSBSb29tIG9mIE9uZSdzIE93biBieSBWaXJnaW5p
         | YSBXb29sZgpUaGUgTWFuIFdpdGhpbiBieSBHcmFoYW0gR3JlZW5lCkhlbnJpIE1
         | hdGlzc2UKVGhlIFNvdW5kIGFuZCB0aGUgRnVyeSBieSBXaWxsaWFtIEZhdWxrbm
         | VyCkZyaWRhIEthaGxvCk1hZ2ljayBpbiBUaGVvcnkgYW5kIFByYWN0aWNlIGJ5I
         | EFsZWlzdGVyIENyb3dsZXkKRHVrZSBFbGxpbmd0b24KTWFnbmlmaWNlbnQgT2Jz
         | ZXNzaW9uIGJ5IExsb3lkIEMuIERvdWdsYXMKQ2hhcmxlcyBJdmVzCkEgRmFyZXd
         | lbGwgdG8gQXJtcyBieSBFcm5lc3QgSGVtaW5nd2F5ClRoZWEgdm9uIEhhcmJvdQ
         | pCZXJsaW4gQWxleGFuZGVycGxhdHogYnkgQWxmcmVkIETDtmJsaW4KUm9iZXJ0I
         | ENhcGEKTGF1Z2hpbmcgQm95IGJ5IE9saXZlciBMYSBGYXJnZQpDb2xldHRlCkxv
         | b2sgSG9tZXdhcmQsIEFuZ2VsIGJ5IFRob21hcyBXb2xmZQpBdWd1c3RlIEx1bWn
         | DqHJlClByb2Nlc3MgYW5kIFJlYWxpdHkgYnkgQWxmcmVkIE5vcnRoIFdoaXRlaG
         | VhZApEYXVnaHRlciBvZiBFYXJ0aCBieSBBZ25lcyBTbWVkbGV5CkFkb2xwaCBHb
         | 3R0bGllYgpHb29kLUJ5ZSB0byBBbGwgVGhhdCBieSBSb2JlcnQgR3JhdmVzClRo
         | ZSBTdG9yeSBvZiBNeSBFeHBlcmltZW50cyB3aXRoIFRydXRoIGJ5IE1haGF0bWE
         | gR2FuZGhpCkxpbCBHcmVlbgpBbGwgUXVpZXQgb24gdGhlIFdlc3Rlcm4gRnJvbn
         | QgKHRyYW5zbGF0aW9uKSBieSBFcmljaCBNYXJpYSBSZW1hcnF1ZQpUaGUgR29vZ
         | CBDb21wYW5pb25zIGJ5IEouIEIuIFByaWVzdGxleQpIdWRzb24gUml2ZXIgQnJh
         | Y2tldGVkIGJ5IEVkaXRoIFdoYXJ0b24KVGhlIE1hcmFjb3QgRGVlcCBieSBBcnR
         | odXIgQ29uYW4gRG95bGUKQW5uZSBTZXh0b24KTGVzIEVuZmFudHMgVGVycmlibG
         | VzIGJ5IEplYW4gQ29jdGVhdQpEb2Rzd29ydGggYnkgU2luY2xhaXIgTGV3aXMKR
         | G9uYWxkIEdvaW5lcwo=
        
           | mdaniel wrote:
           | In the spirit of nerd-sniping, it turns out that one needs to
           | specify the encoding of those bytes, too, since it defaults
           | to charset=us-ascii for some horrible reason
           | https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
           | US/docs/Web/URI/Schemes/dat...
           | 
           | data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,QSBSb29tIG9mIE9uZSdzIE93
           | biBieSBWaXJnaW5pYSBXb29sZgpUaGUgTWFuIFdpdGhpbiBieSBHcmFoYW0gR
           | 3JlZW5lCkhlbnJpIE1hdGlzc2UKVGhlIFNvdW5kIGFuZCB0aGUgRnVyeSBieS
           | BXaWxsaWFtIEZhdWxrbmVyCkZyaWRhIEthaGxvCk1hZ2ljayBpbiBUaGVvcnk
           | gYW5kIFByYWN0aWNlIGJ5IEFsZWlzdGVyIENyb3dsZXkKRHVrZSBFbGxpbmd0
           | b24KTWFnbmlmaWNlbnQgT2JzZXNzaW9uIGJ5IExsb3lkIEMuIERvdWdsYXMKQ
           | 2hhcmxlcyBJdmVzCkEgRmFyZXdlbGwgdG8gQXJtcyBieSBFcm5lc3QgSGVtaW
           | 5nd2F5ClRoZWEgdm9uIEhhcmJvdQpCZXJsaW4gQWxleGFuZGVycGxhdHogYnk
           | gQWxmcmVkIETDtmJsaW4KUm9iZXJ0IENhcGEKTGF1Z2hpbmcgQm95IGJ5IE9s
           | aXZlciBMYSBGYXJnZQpDb2xldHRlCkxvb2sgSG9tZXdhcmQsIEFuZ2VsIGJ5I
           | FRob21hcyBXb2xmZQpBdWd1c3RlIEx1bWnDqHJlClByb2Nlc3MgYW5kIFJlYW
           | xpdHkgYnkgQWxmcmVkIE5vcnRoIFdoaXRlaGVhZApEYXVnaHRlciBvZiBFYXJ
           | 0aCBieSBBZ25lcyBTbWVkbGV5CkFkb2xwaCBHb3R0bGllYgpHb29kLUJ5ZSB0
           | byBBbGwgVGhhdCBieSBSb2JlcnQgR3JhdmVzClRoZSBTdG9yeSBvZiBNeSBFe
           | HBlcmltZW50cyB3aXRoIFRydXRoIGJ5IE1haGF0bWEgR2FuZGhpCkxpbCBHcm
           | VlbgpBbGwgUXVpZXQgb24gdGhlIFdlc3Rlcm4gRnJvbnQgKHRyYW5zbGF0aW9
           | uKSBieSBFcmljaCBNYXJpYSBSZW1hcnF1ZQpUaGUgR29vZCBDb21wYW5pb25z
           | IGJ5IEouIEIuIFByaWVzdGxleQpIdWRzb24gUml2ZXIgQnJhY2tldGVkIGJ5I
           | EVkaXRoIFdoYXJ0b24KVGhlIE1hcmFjb3QgRGVlcCBieSBBcnRodXIgQ29uYW
           | 4gRG95bGUKQW5uZSBTZXh0b24KTGVzIEVuZmFudHMgVGVycmlibGVzIGJ5IEp
           | lYW4gQ29jdGVhdQpEb2Rzd29ydGggYnkgU2luY2xhaXIgTGV3aXMKRG9uYWxk
           | IEdvaW5lcwo=
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | Wow, that's amazing. I've recently been having some mild
           | trouble with base64. Just put it in the address bar, of
           | course!!
        
           | ahmedfromtunis wrote:
           | This does NOT work in Android/tablet version of Chrome
           | (unless I'm doing something wrong). Gonna try it tomorrow on
           | my computer.
        
             | __rito__ wrote:
             | Just worked in Android Firefox.
        
             | sexy_seedbox wrote:
             | Works fine in Kiwi Browser on Android.
        
             | remram wrote:
             | It works for me on Chrome 131.0.6778.81 on Android 14. Are
             | you sure you copy/pasted right?
        
         | qingcharles wrote:
         | Some amazing works of literature in that list.
        
       | GeneticGenesis wrote:
       | I know it's not public domain per-say, but for me, the thing
       | that's most exciting is that in 2025, the last remaining patents
       | on the h.264 (AVC) video codec will expire [1].
       | 
       | Now if only HEVC wasn't such a hot patent / licensing mess.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Have_the_patents_for_H.264_M...
        
         | iterance wrote:
         | Just thought you might want to know - it's "per se" not "per
         | say"/variations thereof.
        
           | asveikau wrote:
           | _Per se_ is latin for  "for itself".
        
             | casta wrote:
             | I'd say "by itself".
        
               | asveikau wrote:
               | That's another valid translation for the same
               | preposition.
               | 
               | And there are many definitions of English "for" as well.
               | This would fit the one used in the phrase "if not for
               | this, ..." In other words, for itself = by virtue of
               | itself, through the existence of itself.
               | 
               | Also note in terms of Indo European roots, per is a
               | cognate with English for.
        
               | dhosek wrote:
               | Prepositions are some of the least translatable bits of
               | language. For that matter, even without translation they
               | tend to get slippery within a language, especially over
               | time (one that springs to mind is the whole "quarter of"
               | referring to a time which I first encountered some 50
               | years ago and still don't know if it's quarter _to_ or
               | quarter _after_ ).1
               | 
               | [?]
               | 
               | 1. Cue some dude to tell me in 3...2...12
               | 
               | 2. And this knowledge will promptly disappear from my
               | brain five minutes later, sort of like the guy I knew in
               | my 20s whose name was either Jack or Chad and to this
               | date, I still am not sure, but I do know that every
               | single time I called him by name, I got it wrong and it
               | totally wasn't on purpose even though he didn't believe
               | me.
        
               | zelphirkalt wrote:
               | That's my cue!
               | 
               | I once had a Spanish teacher, who also had problems
               | remembering what that kind of time specification stands
               | for and I came up with maybe a trick to remember. We do
               | the same thing in German, so I guess it translates:
               | 
               | Lets say you have 11:00. That's easy. But what about
               | 11:15? We would say "quarter 12", so I guess the English
               | version is "quarter of 12". How to memorize, that this is
               | 11:15? Well, you can imagine a round clock and the minute
               | pointer has moved _quarter of its way to 12_. So you only
               | have a quarter of that hour "already done". 10:30? We say
               | "half 11". So I guess English is "half of 11", meaning
               | that the minute pointer has moved half the way to 11.
               | 
               | Maybe this will help.
               | 
               | (Actually I personally usually don't use those ways of
               | specifying the time, neither in English nor in German. I
               | just say the 24h format as it is written: "11:15" is
               | "eleven fifteen", 13:35 is "thirteen thirtee five" not
               | 1pm something.)
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | Whatever "quarter of 12" means in English, whether it's
               | 11:45 (quarter to 12) or 12:15 (quarter past 12), it
               | definitely isn't 11:15. We do _fraction of an hour
               | forward or backward relative to the hour mentioned,_ not
               | _fraction of an hour elapsed in approach to hour
               | mentioned._
               | 
               | I recently encountered a German asking for the English
               | phrase equivalent to _bis unter,_ looking for a phrase
               | like  "up to below". There isn't one in common use. We
               | just don't count things in equivalent ways.
        
               | monkpit wrote:
               | Isn't _bis unter_ akin to "just under", or "right up to"?
               | 
               | I feel like either of those could work depending on the
               | context and are common in English.
        
               | fhars wrote:
               | It is "up to but not including".
        
               | Melatonic wrote:
               | This is not great advice - the only way I have heard it
               | in English would be "quarter past 11" to mean 11:15. Most
               | people would just say "eleven fifteen".
        
               | zelphirkalt wrote:
               | If no one says it, did the post above mine just make
               | things up and I am trying to explain their invented
               | things?
        
               | daveguy wrote:
               | You were just wrong. They explicitly gave the understood
               | options as 15 before or 15 after. These are the options
               | everyone uses in English -- not 45 before or a quarter of
               | the hour before. In English no one says quarter of 12 to
               | mean 11:15. You just explained it completely different
               | from the ways it is interpreted in English. I understand
               | the logic and how it might come about. Maybe it's very
               | common in German, but it is not used that way in English.
               | If you referred to 11:15 in that way to a native English
               | speaker you would be misinterpreted.
        
               | tags2k wrote:
               | This definitely doesn't translate - if you say "half 11"
               | to a British person you are getting them at 11:30, not
               | 10:30.
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | > Lets say you have 11:00. That's easy. But what about
               | 11:15? We would say "quarter 12", so I guess the English
               | version is "quarter of 12".
               | 
               | The English terms would be:
               | 
               | 11:15 -> quarter after 11, quarter past 11 (both pretty
               | rare, tbh)
               | 
               | 11:30 -> half past 11 (this is the only form that is
               | moderately common)
               | 
               | 11:45 -> quarter of 12, quarter before 12 (also pretty
               | rare)
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | And I'm pretty sure the Spanish matches (except in
               | reverse, like Spanish usually is relative to English):
               | 
               | 11:15 -> once y cuarto
               | 
               | 11:30 -> once y media
               | 
               | 11:45 -> doce menos cuarto
               | 
               | edit: and about the subject of the thread, "por si" or
               | "por si mismo." "per" afaik is a preposition like "por"
               | that means to pair or match things: so it can mean by,
               | through, around, with, for, and even times("x") i.e.
               | doesn't mean anything in English.
               | 
               | "si" is the 3rd person reflexive pronoun (when placed
               | after the verb), and is probably similar to "se."
               | ("mismo" is a redundant clarification is Spanish,
               | probably because "si" and "si" are homonyms.)
        
               | chrisweekly wrote:
               | 100% agreed. Also, 11:45 -> quarter TO 12 (rare)
        
               | dghf wrote:
               | Tok Pisin, a.k.a. New Guinea Pidgin, has exactly two
               | prepositions: _bilong,_ which means  "of" or "from" in a
               | possessive or attributive sense; and _long,_ which means
               | everything else.
        
               | dhosek wrote:
               | I have to admit that I was a bit surprised when my ex-
               | wife listed off Spanish prepositions to discover that it
               | excludes a lot of words I would have thought were
               | prepositions but Spanish considers adverbs and only
               | become prepositional when used in conjunction with one of
               | the enumerated prepositions, usually (always?) _de_.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _quarter of_
               | 
               | Still can't beat stuff like "bi-weekly" which can mean
               | "every two weeks" or "twice a week" or probably some
               | other thing as well.
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | As is often the case, Randall Munroe has already
               | delivered: https://xkcd.com/1602/. Perhaps the joke in
               | this context would be if it said "bi-weekly".
               | 
               | "You should come to our Linguistics Club's bi-weekly
               | meeting. Membership is open to anyone who can figure out
               | how often we meet." (I mean, you have a 50-50 shot. I
               | wonder if there's any personality insights one could
               | learn from such a selection.)
        
               | chrisweekly wrote:
               | yeah. for years, there's "biennial" (every 2 years) vs
               | "biannual" (twice in 1 year).
               | 
               | no such luck w/ months or weeks.
               | 
               | also your username is almost as salient to the topic as
               | mine! ;)
        
               | kspacewalk2 wrote:
               | If you translate it literally, "per" is closer to "for".
               | 
               | If you don't translate it literally, I'd vote for "in
               | itself". "In itself" (viewed in its essential qualities;
               | considered separately from other things[0]) has a
               | different meaning than "by itself" (alone/unaided). And
               | to me it's clear that "per se" pretty much universally
               | means the former.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.google.com/search?q=in+itself
        
               | grepLeigh wrote:
               | A less literal translation like "essentially" or "in
               | essence" is deployed by master Latin translators like
               | Robert Fagles. I've even seen "in a vacuum" which does a
               | better job at communicating the original intent than a
               | string of cryptic prepositions.
        
             | gweinberg wrote:
             | Maybe word for word, but "per se" means "as such".
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | One of the primary reasons why AV1 exists is because HEVC is
         | such a hot mess.
        
           | TiredOfLife wrote:
           | There are already two patent pools for av1 that want rent.
        
             | nabakin wrote:
             | Do you think AOM is going to start charging royalties?
        
               | TiredOfLife wrote:
               | No, Sisvel and Avanci are.
        
               | nabakin wrote:
               | How does that work? They force AOM to pay up and then I
               | guess either AOM passes the royalty burden onto AV1 users
               | or they take the hit and pay it themselves?
        
               | TiredOfLife wrote:
               | Patent pools want money from companies and end users.
        
         | philistine wrote:
         | That's incredible. With MP3 already completely patent-free as
         | well, we have an extraordinary free set of audio and video
         | codecs for the next couple of decade, at least until HEVC
         | becomes free.
        
           | yaomtc wrote:
           | Let's not forget Opus. Not technically patent-free but it
           | practically is. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_(audio_for
           | mat)#Patent_cla...
           | 
           | Also Vorbis has always been patent free.
        
         | a1o wrote:
         | In the link it seems the last patent in US go as long as 2027?
         | 
         | If the patents really expire in 2025, is there an already open
         | source library written either in C or C++ one could use for
         | reading h.264?
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Cisco published their implementation under BSD license:
           | 
           | https://github.com/cisco/openh264/
        
             | extraduder_ire wrote:
             | They also make a reproducible build of it for firefox in
             | order to shield mozilla from patent suits.
        
           | gavinsyancey wrote:
           | x264 has been around forever, and it's FOSS.
        
         | bobmcnamara wrote:
         | A tale as old as video codecs.
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | > _Now if only HEVC wasn 't such a hot patent / licensing
         | mess._
         | 
         | Somehow I suspect HEVC suddenly became a thing in the past few
         | years precisely _because_ AVC patents are expiring.
        
           | harshreality wrote:
           | Encoding efficiency for a given perceptual quality is very
           | important when you pay for bandwidth or disk space.
           | 
           | Otherwise there would have been no effort to create vp9 and
           | av1, as everyone on that side of the codec wars would've
           | stuck with vp8.
        
           | kmeisthax wrote:
           | Yes, and in fact this is explicitly the business model[0] of
           | ISO MPEG and ITU VCEG. They pay for their basic research by
           | letting participants patent and license the resulting
           | standards-essential inventions[1].
           | 
           | HEVC/H.265 has been in development since 2004, i.e. right
           | after AVC/H.264 was published, and took almost a decade to
           | actually be standardized. There's even an H.266, which
           | started in 2017, a few years after H.265 was released. Though
           | the primary concern of patent holders is not AVC patents
           | expiring. Those patents actually aren't that valuable,
           | because AVC is licensed _way too cheap_. MPEG-LA had
           | negotiated a very generous free rate for online video[2], in
           | response to MPEG-4 ASP (aka  "DivX :-)") basically not
           | getting much use online.
           | 
           | What patent owners want is to go back to the days of MPEG-2
           | where they were making money hand over fist just for owning a
           | functional codec. They even sacked Leonardo Chiariglione,
           | _the founder and head of ISO MPEG_ , because he was trying to
           | change ISO's patent policy to be more favorable to developing
           | royalty-free codecs.
           | 
           | [0] ISO does not license patents and has no affiliation with
           | MPEG-LA/Access Advance/etc, but Leonardo has gone on record
           | saying this is their 'business model':
           | https://blog.chiariglione.org/a-crisis-the-causes-and-a-
           | solu...
           | 
           | [1] under FRAND licensing
           | 
           | [2] Which is why YouTube's allowed to use H.264 without
           | paying $$$ for it. Before that, they used whatever codec was
           | available in Flash Player. Adobe (and Macromedia before it)
           | used On2 VP6 primarily because it had no patent licensing
           | royalty; before that they'd used H.263.
        
       | swyx wrote:
       | handpicked selection of notables:
       | 
       | - Frida Kahlo
       | 
       | - Henri Matisse
       | 
       | - Alan Turing
       | 
       | i guess the Chrysler Building is public domain now? what can you
       | do with a buidling?
        
         | diggan wrote:
         | > i guess the Chrysler Building is public domain now? what can
         | you do with a buidling?
         | 
         | I guess maybe the design of the building, if anything? If that
         | will become public domain, expect it to appear in Macau in a
         | year or less, and probably other places :)
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | Kind of a niche, but the open world Spiderman video games
         | stopped including the Chrysler Building due to licensing issues
         | after it was bought by new owners in ~2019
        
         | shiroiushi wrote:
         | You wouldn't download a building.
        
           | poulpy123 wrote:
           | I would if I could ! but my 3D printer is a bit to small
        
         | GeoAtreides wrote:
         | Also the writer Par Lagerkvist, nobel award winner
        
         | jabroni_salad wrote:
         | There was some crank that once C&D'd a minecraft server for
         | reproducing copyrighted buildings. I dont think he had the guts
         | to take it to court though.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9y2IiZvg1xQ
        
         | tas50 wrote:
         | The building going into public domain is actually pretty sweet.
         | Here in Portland we have this really cool looking statue in
         | front of our city hall called the Portlandia statue (way before
         | the show). You'd think it would be shown all over in pictures
         | of our city, but the guy that made it owns the copyright and
         | enforces the shit out of it. Because of that it's entirely
         | unknown. No one wants to publish a picture and pay him. When
         | that enters public down in a SUPER long time it will be easily
         | published and folks might actually know it exists.
         | 
         | https://www.wweek.com/archive/2024/03/24/why-the-portlandia-...
        
         | flipthefrog wrote:
         | The Eiffel Tower isnt copyrighted, obviously, but the 1985
         | light design at night is, so you may need permission to use
         | photos of it commercially
        
       | timpark wrote:
       | In May 1998, before the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act
       | went into effect, there was an amusing Tom the Dancing Bug comic
       | regarding characters falling out of copyright.
       | https://www.gocomics.com/tomthedancingbug/1998/05/17
       | 
       | In that vein, similar to the Mickey Mouse and Winnie the Pooh
       | horror movies that have been released in recent years, Popeye
       | will be entering the public domain next year and people are
       | working on a horror movie based on that.
        
         | saghm wrote:
         | Even as someone who isn't really into horror much as a genre,
         | it's hard not to appreciate how one of the first instincts we
         | have as a society when freeing some IP is "We should make a
         | creepy version of this!".
        
           | Swizec wrote:
           | > it's hard not to appreciate how one of the first instincts
           | we have as a society when freeing some IP is "We should make
           | a creepy version of this!"
           | 
           | Almost certainly rule 34 happens first and just gets less
           | attention in public. There were "bear" posters of Pooh all
           | over SOMA (in SF) almost immediately after the copyright
           | ended.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Rule 34 happens well before copyright expires.
             | 
             | Clopfic, Kirk/Spock, or ask any pile of furries about Robin
             | Hood or Nick Wilde.
        
             | registeredcorn wrote:
             | What is Soma? I see there is a video game
             | (link)[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soma_(video_game)],
             | but have no idea what it means in this context. Are you
             | saying there is some kind of add-on for that?
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | South of Market neighborhood of San Francisco.
        
               | registeredcorn wrote:
               | Ah, my bad. I think I saw that in one of the results but
               | went off on some other route because I was focused on
               | "horror" stuff. Thanks. :)
        
         | fred_is_fred wrote:
         | I am curious how the long tail and changing of media
         | consumption habits has devalued many of these characters.
         | Mickey is Mickey and there's an entire company built on it of
         | course, but my kids have literally no clue who Popeye is. They
         | have never seen a Popeye cartoon and probably never will. When
         | I was younger we didn't have nearly as much choice (2-3
         | channels with limited times for cartoons) - rather than Netflix
         | or Youtube which effectively offers unlimited/fragmented
         | options.
         | 
         | Additionally the main plot line of Popeye is effectively Popeye
         | protecting Olive Oil from being assaulted by Bluto - not
         | exactly modern cartoon material.
        
           | timpark wrote:
           | I think some things were a product of their time, and weren't
           | popular/profitable enough to keep marketing or update or
           | modernize. (whether they didn't maintain peoples' attention,
           | or had issues like the Popeye one you mentioned) Another not-
           | as-popular character that's entering the public domain in
           | 2026, for example, is Betty Boop.
           | 
           | On the other hand, Superman and Batman enter the public
           | domain in 2034 and 2035 respectively, so that should be
           | interesting. Though like Mickey Mouse/Steamboat Willie, I
           | expect that it's only the original version/costume that goes
           | public domain.
        
             | fred_is_fred wrote:
             | DC Comics has done a good job of keeping Superman relevant
             | through time as well. 40s, 50s, 80s, etc. The whole Death
             | of Superman was a big deal back in the early 90s also even
             | though the cartoons I don't think were as popular. You are
             | spot on in that Betty Boop and Popeye like you said are
             | relics from their time and absolutely don't translate -
             | although anyone around in the early 1990s will remember a
             | brief Betty Boop merch resurgance.
        
       | MichaelZuo wrote:
       | I think practically a lot more things are in the public domain
       | because they were distributed via the internet to certain
       | countries that until recently had a much lower bar than the Berne
       | Convention standard and entered the public domain there.
       | 
       | Edit: or had at least one person make at least one copy there. If
       | the law allowed everyone to make one copy for private use.
       | 
       | Or perhaps I'm misunderstanding ?
       | 
       | e.g. Ethiopia which only shifted to a quasi Berne standard midway
       | through 2004.
        
         | pbhjpbhj wrote:
         | It would still be infringing to bring a copy into some
         | countries from Ethiopia. UK doesn't have fair use, for example.
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | Yes, but on the internet someone in the UK can just get a
           | connection to some server in Ethiopia hosting this vast
           | treasure trove of works. So maybe not de jure, but probably
           | de facto.
           | 
           | Edit: And maybe it is de jure too for those on a ship on the
           | high seas?
        
         | gbear605 wrote:
         | It depends on your purpose. If you're an American who wants to
         | make movies for Americans, that are derivative of one of these
         | works, this matters a lot.
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | And if you're a filmmaker who intends to establish their
           | business in Ethiopia...?
        
             | Calavar wrote:
             | Then you can establish your business in Ethiopia, but good
             | luck selling it in the US!
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | That's not an issue for the filmmaker who sticks to
               | online distribution, there are branches of well known
               | payment processors in Addis Ababa.
               | 
               | They won't be making blockbuster movies anytime soon, but
               | I imagine their business would be greater than zero?
        
               | Mindwipe wrote:
               | > That's not an issue for the filmmaker who sticks to
               | online distribution, there are branches of well known
               | payment processors in Addis Ababa.
               | 
               | Yes it is once they distribute to people online outside
               | of Ethiopia.
               | 
               | And the payment providers will enforce that.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | No?
               | 
               | Where did you come across this notion?
               | 
               | Plenty of people in e.g. India, Brazil, etc., buy
               | literally counterfeit goods, dvds, blurays, and so on,
               | all the time, let alone transformed works.
               | 
               | Often even with the exact packaging design of well known
               | companies preserved on the counterfeit packaging.
               | 
               | And the purchases are often made via well known global
               | payment processors.
               | 
               | Edit: At most a large fraction of potential US customers
               | would be discouraged by the need to use a VPN for online
               | streaming or by the risk of a physical disc getting
               | seized. But that's still far from zero potential
               | customers.
        
         | hoppyhoppy2 wrote:
         | Something going into the public domain in one country doesn't
         | mean that it automatically enters the public domain in every
         | country. It may make it easier to find a free copy on the
         | internet, but it is still often under copyright in other
         | countries. The article is about works that are going into the
         | public domain legally, not just practically.
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | But they would be legally in the public domain for anyone in
           | Ethiopia?
           | 
           | Ethiopian citizens, residents, etc., can clearly own a copy
           | for each work.
        
       | cxr wrote:
       | Unfortunately, public domain isn't everything. There are lots of
       | works that we know of and that we should be able to share with
       | one another, but it's hard to come by copies. To give one
       | example:
       | 
       | The novel Red Harvest from 1929 is listed as entering the public
       | domain next month. But the thing is that prior to being published
       | as a novel, it was serialized in Black Mask magazine, and since
       | all installments were published pre-1929, they're all already in
       | the public domain.
       | 
       | The trouble, though, is that despite being public domain,
       | actually getting your hands on these issues, whether in real life
       | or figuratively as scans is something that poses a challenge--we
       | simply don't have easy access to this material.
       | 
       | And that goes for lots of other stuff that we know about but
       | don't have copies at hand.
        
         | aspenmayer wrote:
         | If it's in the public domain, you can make legal derivative
         | works even without the source material, can't you?
         | 
         | Or can you?
        
           | nemomarx wrote:
           | If the serialized one is in the public domain and a book
           | isn't, then your work might be seen as derivative of the book
           | anyway.
           | 
           | For instance the recent Wicked movie (and book, and play,
           | etc) can't use ruby red slippers, because that was a detail
           | only in the relativley more recent movie, so even though the
           | original wizard of oz book has been in the public domain a
           | while, some details are siloed off. I think the Holmes
           | stories had disputes like this for a while too, where if you
           | mentioned certain side characters it might infringe a more
           | recent adaptation or etc.
        
             | aspenmayer wrote:
             | I can see how having the public domain source material
             | might be necessary to defend yourself against claims of
             | infringement of the non-public domain works. That makes
             | sense to me.
        
             | recursivecaveat wrote:
             | The Holmes situation was even sillier than that: they were
             | arguing that certain _personality traits_ of Sherlock were
             | still under copyright:
             | https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/conan-doyle-estate-sues-
             | net...
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | What if you just want to read something without a credit
           | card? In the far-off past, it was once normal to buy a book
           | without your purchase registering in dozens of databases,
           | being cross-referenced with your electricity bills and the
           | people you went to high school with, then analyzed for your
           | marketing or terrorist potential. You would go to a
           | bookstore, hand them something called cash, they would give
           | you a book, and your relationship would end.
           | 
           | Now you can only do this through piracy.
           | 
           | I'm honestly not worried about getting zoomer takes on Red
           | Harvest. I'd like to be able to legally send it to somebody I
           | recommend it to without involving hundreds, if not thousands,
           | of other people.
        
             | aspenmayer wrote:
             | Secondhand bookstores still exist. I've found first
             | editions at them before, so that might not be a bad place
             | to look, actually.
        
         | d3VwsX wrote:
         | Also all the sites that post scans of old books or magazines
         | but claim various usage restrictions or/and copyrights on the
         | scans.
         | 
         | That effectively keeps public domain works copyrighted, for
         | most purposes, for most of us. Most libraries for instance have
         | some EULA that says you can only use scans you order from them
         | for non-commercial purposes, even if they scan from a public
         | domain book. I do not know if that can be enforced in general,
         | but it would not be fun to have to find out in court.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | As far as copyright is concerned, "slavish reproductions" do
           | not pass the threshold of originality https://en.wikipedia.or
           | g/wiki/Threshold_of_originality#Repro...
        
           | DoctorOetker wrote:
           | are there any precedents in this regard?
           | 
           | > I do not know if that can be enforced in general, but it
           | would not be fun to have to find out in court.
           | 
           | does the above sentence refer to using EULA-restricted public
           | domain works and asking volunteers to carry the risk of being
           | sued? or does it refer to somehow challenging the
           | enforceability in court?
           | 
           | can it be illegal to merely insinuate EULA's as described
           | above? which laws prohibit intimidation regarding copyright
           | that is not held?
           | 
           | can John Doe intimidate people with EULA's on public domain
           | works?
        
       | distantsounds wrote:
       | I'd love to know! Too bad this website only gives a small
       | selection of what those items are, despite the entire lists
       | already being published elsewhere! Very useful, thanks Hacker
       | News!
        
       | aucisson_masque wrote:
       | 70 years feels so long for movie or book.
       | 
       | I get it's important to protect the right of authors and
       | companies but damn it's 3 generations. Something my grand grand
       | father may have seen, that's insane.
       | 
       | 25 year, a single generation would make sense. I'd argue that by
       | then all the money would have been made and you would allow new
       | generation to grow up with the greatest art from previous
       | generation, it would be like a virtuous circle. Next generation
       | would improve based on previous one And so on.
        
         | adamc wrote:
         | I think that's too short. Lifetime of the author or a min. 50
         | years would make sense to me. Mark Twain, for example, was
         | worried about providing for surviving daughters. I think that's
         | reasonable.
         | 
         | The crazy long Disney thing, though, is what it is because of
         | lobbying muscle.
        
           | ronsor wrote:
           | I think that's still too long when copyright was originally
           | supposed to be a compromise between society and the author,
           | not a indefinite guarantee for an author. I understand the
           | concern of providing for family, but keep in mind that the
           | average person works continuously to provide for their family
           | and has to be responsible enough to save money. It is not
           | society's responsibility to ensure that; and alternatively if
           | it is to be society's responsibility, there are better
           | mechanisms than copyright.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | > Mark Twain, for example, was worried about providing for
           | surviving daughters. I think that's reasonable.
           | 
           | I don't think it's reasonable to expect to be able to
           | continue to make money after you are dead. Earn enough during
           | your lifetime to provide for your surviving daughters, sure,
           | but I don't like the idea of someone being able to
           | posthumously put a gag on people's ability to express
           | themselves just so that their kids can get a nice
           | inheritance.
        
             | seizethecheese wrote:
             | Perhaps not, but the point of copyright is to provide
             | incentive for creating work. Since earning beyond the grave
             | is an incentive, there's an argument to protect it (within
             | limit).
             | 
             | Another example is Grant's autobiography, which he wrote as
             | he was dying of throat cancer. No way he would have done
             | that without copyright.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | > No way he would have done that without copyright.
               | 
               | Why not?
               | 
               | For centuries people wrote books so that they would have
               | a legacy and be remembered. They wrote because they felt
               | it was the right thing to do, or because they wanted to
               | control the narrative around their lives. Do you have any
               | specific reason to believe that Grant wrote his
               | autobiography to provide for his successors, rather than
               | just _to have written it_?
               | 
               | I understand the theory about incentivizing people to
               | create, but honestly I'm not convinced that what we get
               | from that deal is worth it. Too often it feels like
               | extended copyright creates a similar set of incentives to
               | advertising--sure, we get more works, but the best works
               | would have been written even with a much shorter
               | copyright because the author had something they wanted to
               | say. The works that are being incentivized by long
               | copyrights are the ones that we could do without.
        
               | Quillbert182 wrote:
               | Grant wrote his autobiography pretty much entirely out of
               | desperation to provide for his family after his death. He
               | had lost everything he had in a Ponzi scheme and was
               | heavily in debt as he was dying from cancer, and the
               | autobiography was his last chance to make money for his
               | family.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | I stand corrected.
               | 
               | That said, at the time of Grant's writing copyright in
               | the US was 28 years (with an optional extension for
               | another 14 if the author lived long enough), which means
               | that OP's proposal of 25 years would likely have been
               | sufficient to motivate Grant.
        
               | seizethecheese wrote:
               | Yes. This is the correct synthesis. Copyright is good for
               | one generation and bad beyond that.
        
               | WillDaSilva wrote:
               | > No way he would have done that without copyright.
               | 
               | Was his creation of his autobiography primarily motivated
               | by money? I would assume not.
        
               | Quillbert182 wrote:
               | It actually was, he was almost entirely destitute when he
               | died and the autobiography was his last desperate at
               | providing for his family.
        
               | WillDaSilva wrote:
               | I stand corrected. Thanks for sharing that info.
        
               | Aloisius wrote:
               | Both Clemens and Grant wrote when copyright was 28 years
               | + optional 14 year extension.
               | 
               | I'd much prefer that to the current life + 70 years or 95
               | years after publication.
        
           | bdangubic wrote:
           | his daughters were in their mid to late 20's - wtf does he
           | need to support them from his grave
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | To be fair to him, this was an era where their ability to
             | support themselves was limited--if not in practice at least
             | by strong cultural stigma.
             | 
             | The same cannot be said of most people today, and I
             | therefore agree that it's a bad argument for long copyright
             | terms in a modern context.
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | Authors can provide for their children the same way the rest
           | of us do. With the money they made while they were working.
        
             | seizethecheese wrote:
             | All of us working in development of any kind create value
             | well into the future with our work. The only question is
             | whether you monetize immediately with wages or with
             | ownership
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | I agree, with the caveat that a literary work can be seen
             | as an asset that has value which pays out over time. It
             | takes a large investment upfront and then pays out slowly.
             | 
             | So having a limited ability to pass on that asset if you
             | die prematurely seems only fair--you'd have the same option
             | if you were building something physical--but we shouldn't
             | use inheritance as an argument for longer copyright. The
             | question of how long someone should be allowed to earn
             | money from a work should be orthogonal from the question of
             | whether that right to earn money should be inheritable.
             | 
             | This is the flaw in life plus 70--it assumes that copyright
             | should last indefinitely during one's lifetime _and then_
             | provide for successors. I 'd rather see a flat rate for how
             | long we're comfortable locking up a work in copyright,
             | successors or otherwise.
        
               | modeless wrote:
               | > It takes a large investment upfront and then pays out
               | slowly
               | 
               | Does it really? Sure, timeless classics pay out over a
               | long period of time but they are by far the exception.
               | I'll wager that the vast majority of copyrighted works
               | make the vast majority of their money in the first
               | decade. So why do we need essentially perpetual
               | copyright? (Essentially perpetual because almost none of
               | the works created in my lifetime will ever pass out of
               | copyright before I die)
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | > the vast majority of their money in the first decade.
               | So why do we need essentially perpetual copyright?
               | 
               | I agree. I think OP's proposal of a fixed term of 25
               | years is more than reasonable. All I'm saying is that it
               | should be inheritable and not based on when the author
               | dies.
        
             | adamc wrote:
             | I don't see why written things can't be an asset while
             | other creations can. It just discriminates against writers.
        
               | modeless wrote:
               | We have property rights for physical objects because
               | physical objects are scarce. Only a limited number of
               | people can use any given object and we need some way of
               | deciding who gets to use it.
               | 
               | On the other hand copies of writing are not scarce. We
               | can give copies to everyone who wants one for practically
               | free. Property rights for copies of writing are therefore
               | artificial. Creating artificial scarcity where none
               | exists has real costs that in many cases outweigh the
               | benefits.
        
           | Brybry wrote:
           | The problem that I see is not the Mark Twains but the vast
           | majority of other authors.
           | 
           | Their works go out of print but they're still copyrighted so
           | people can't legally reproduce them (for profit or
           | otherwise).
           | 
           | My grandfather was a published author with some success but
           | he's dead and his stuff is no longer in print. No one in my
           | family is going to see revenue from his work. No one outside
           | of his generation (when he was successful) will ever have a
           | chance to read his books as they're impossible to find now.
           | 
           | Most books written in the 20th century are basically gone
           | from public availability.[1][2]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/03/th
           | e-m...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/How_Copyright_Keeps_Wo
           | rks...
        
             | xienze wrote:
             | > No one outside of his generation (when he was successful)
             | will ever have a chance to read his books as they're
             | impossible to find now.
             | 
             | Does the family not have rights to those works? A copy of
             | the books? Scan them and release them copyright free if you
             | want the world to see them.
        
           | rrrrrrrrrrrryan wrote:
           | Drug parents are only 10 - 20 years, and it works great. The
           | creator gets to make enough money to finance their next drug,
           | and the public gets cheaper generics after a decade or two.
           | 
           | There's no reason any other IP should be longer.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | Agreed. I think lifetime of the author, or moderate fixed
           | term in the case of untimely death or corporate copyright, is
           | perfectly reasonable. 10-20 years is way too short, it does
           | not give enough consideration to the author's rights.
        
           | shiroiushi wrote:
           | >Mark Twain, for example, was worried about providing for
           | surviving daughters. I think that's reasonable.
           | 
           | Why is that reasonable? Why should someone's daughters get a
           | free ride instead of having to work for a living like
           | everyone else?
        
             | poulpy123 wrote:
             | Are you in favor of forbidding inheritance to everyone or
             | just for authors ?
        
         | ronsor wrote:
         | I'm going to designate this as the obligatory "copyright is far
         | too long" subthread.
         | 
         | In my opinion, the ideal length (if we are to have copyright)
         | is between 10 and 15 years, at least if a work is already
         | monetarily successful. If a work has yet to be monetarily
         | successful, then we can allow up to 25 years for it in
         | particular.
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | Has anyone done a study on when copyrighted works make their
           | money? I'm guessing that the vast majority of the income is
           | made in the first decade after creation. Timeless classics
           | are by far the exception. And for those, does it really
           | benefit society for their fortunate authors to sit back and
           | get rich resting on their laurels? The creation that
           | copyright was supposed to incentivize already happened. At
           | that point society benefits when works go into the public
           | domain so derivatives can flourish.
        
             | ronsor wrote:
             | > does it really benefit society for their fortunate
             | authors to sit back and get rich resting on their laurels?
             | 
             | In my opinion, it doesn't. In creative and entertainment
             | industries, the idea of practically indefinite royalties
             | has been normalized, but no other industries has this*. For
             | example, it would be strange to continue paying a
             | construction company after your home has been built.
             | 
             | *As far as I can remember. I'm open to correction here.
        
               | lionkor wrote:
               | any subscription service that doesn't deliver new value
               | each day or month, like the Adobe suite(s)
        
               | ronsor wrote:
               | In the case of Adobe, you're paying for continuous
               | updates and their added cloud services (or other
               | functionality which requires their servers). Also Adobe's
               | subscription pricing (per-month) is significantly less
               | than the retail cost for a one-time purchase of their
               | software without future updates.
               | 
               | Meanwhile one does not pay for continuous updates to a
               | particular novel or a movie. Even if they do pay for new
               | installments in a series, they do so separately.
        
               | drdeca wrote:
               | > Also Adobe's subscription pricing (per-month) is
               | significantly less than the retail cost for a one-time
               | purchase of their software without future updates.
               | 
               | And the per-second pricing is even less!
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Adobe presumably also fixes bugs, so hopefully you are
               | getting something better over time. I've in the past wore
               | out a favorite book and since it was in print bought a
               | new copy - and found the same typos that were in the
               | previous copy.
        
               | benj111 wrote:
               | I'm sure thats what they say you're paying for.
               | 
               | I suspect you're just paying a monopoly tax.
        
               | johnmaguire wrote:
               | I don't understand the analogy. We don't continue to pay
               | authors after we buy their book. We do pay construction
               | companies again if we want a second house - even if the
               | design is the same.
               | 
               | Probably floorplans would be a closer comparison - and I
               | believe they are licensed IP?
        
               | shiroiushi wrote:
               | >We do pay construction companies again if we want a
               | second house - even if the design is the same.
               | 
               | You might pay the construction company again for the
               | identical 2nd house, but you're not going to pay the
               | _architect_ again.
        
               | Juliate wrote:
               | Depends. If the 2nd house location requires review by an
               | architect because of ground issues or regulation. If
               | contractual provisions require an architect fee. If small
               | adjustments that may have structural impacts are needed.
               | You won't pay the same amount, but still something.
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | Why not? The US, for example, recognizes a copyright in
               | architecture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_in_
               | architecture_in_t...
        
               | tmtvl wrote:
               | I believe the analogy is as follows:
               | 
               | Imagine that you've paid the construction company after
               | it finished building your house. You then go and live in
               | it. One year later you get an invoice because you're
               | living in the house they built.
               | 
               | That's what doesn't happen and what (I think) GP means
               | with indefinite royalties: the person who owns the house
               | has to keep paying the company which built the house.
               | 
               | The problem with that analogy is of course that royalties
               | are based off profits, but there are ways to consider a
               | home to have its own sense of profit (like the Belgian
               | legal term 'cadastral income':
               | 
               | > _Cadastral income is not an actual income. It is a
               | notional value that we determine for an immovable
               | property (building or land). This corresponds to the
               | average annual net rental income you would receive in
               | 1975 for your leased out property._
               | 
               | ).
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | not only that, is that the analogy includes a surprise
               | invoice. Royalties are contract law.
               | 
               | A closer analogy would be rent. Why do we allow a builder
               | to collect rent a year after building a house.
        
               | Mindwipe wrote:
               | > We don't continue to pay authors after we buy their
               | book.
               | 
               | Libraries certainly do in basically every country in the
               | world apart from the US.
        
               | benj111 wrote:
               | I'd go slightly further.
               | 
               | A rich author can retire, and not write any more books.
               | From an encouraging creativity POV, copyright length
               | should be set at about the amount of time it takes to
               | create a followup.
               | 
               | But, as open source software, and most authors and
               | musicians demonstrate. People will create without any
               | financial incentive.
               | 
               | So ultimately copyright is there to allow an industry
               | that can actually find and distribute these works.
               | 
               | For the record, I'm not suggesting that creators should
               | be decently rewarded for their works.
        
               | paxys wrote:
               | That isn't the right analogy.
               | 
               | To start, royalties have nothing to do with copyright.
               | They are simply an agreement between an author and a
               | publisher. I give you the exclusive right to publish my
               | book, and I get a cut of every sale.
               | 
               | Royalties extend far beyond creative fields. Any deal
               | where someone gets a percentage share of the sale of a
               | product or service on an ongoing basis is a "royalty".
               | E.g. in manufacturing or even software.
        
             | fwip wrote:
             | Some people would say that the fortunate authors have
             | already benefitted society, and that the potential of
             | winning this lottery ticket was part of their incentive to
             | do so. We could equally ask "does it benefit society to
             | enrich tech founders with billion-dollar acquisitions?"
             | 
             | That said, I believe the security of UBI to be a stronger
             | enabler for creativity than gambling you'll write the next
             | great American novel in-between shifts at the fish cannery.
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | My guess is that authors have relatively long-term returns
             | on their books, while movies are known to generally make
             | almost all their money in the first year.
        
               | Juliate wrote:
               | Generally yes, significant revenue (for books but also
               | movies and music) may happen several years after the
               | first release/publication. Because... reasons you don't
               | always control.
        
               | Mindwipe wrote:
               | > while movies are known to generally make almost all
               | their money in the first year.
               | 
               | That hasn't been true for fifteen years.
        
               | mcosta wrote:
               | After the DVD and TV licenses, what are the sources of
               | income? Toys?
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | streaming. Netflix has 40B in annual revenue, and is just
               | one player among many.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Streaming revenue has no public attribution of fees to
               | specific content, as far as I can tell. It is very much
               | possible that a large fraction of that revenue is driven
               | by (and attributed to) new content, the same way DVD
               | sales were.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Im not sure I understand your point. I thought the
               | question is where movie studios derive their profit.
               | 
               | I dont think any streaming service would be viable with a
               | catalog of only original productions <1 year old.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Yes, that is the question to which neither of us has an
               | answer. Streaming deals happen as bundles, and my
               | understanding is the opposite of yours: the old stuff
               | gets thrown in as a piece of the bundle to help make the
               | catalog bigger, while new content actually sells
               | subscriptions. In other words, the back catalog has some
               | marginal value to the streaming service (and the studio),
               | but it's the new releases that actually sell
               | subscriptions.
               | 
               | Releases of "The Mandalorian" got people subscribing to
               | Disney+, and new seasons of "Game of Thrones" had the
               | same effect for HBO, for example.
               | 
               | In other words, a bundle of 100 movies for $10 million
               | could be attributed as "$100k per movie," but that's
               | almost certainly wrong. More likely, that bundle is a
               | combination of something like $5 million for one movie,
               | $1 million for a few others, $100k for a bigger set, and
               | all the way down to $1000 or less for the remainder of
               | the catalog.
        
             | benj111 wrote:
             | I'd say less than 5 years.
             | 
             | I'm not sure its even the relevant question.
             | 
             | What length of time does a film studio, or book publisher
             | look at for payback?
             | 
             | If everyones calculating their return on the first 12
             | months, setting copyright to 12 months obviously isn't
             | going to impact any industry investment decisions.
        
           | aucisson_masque wrote:
           | I mean if everyone agree but a few big companies, how is it
           | possible that it has not yet been changed by politicians.
           | 
           | I'm not saying specifically USA but also Europe, I can't see
           | common people fighting over the right of author to hold
           | intellectual properties for 70 years.
           | 
           | Haven't been trials to shorten it somewhere, either USA or
           | any other developed countries where it's actually enforced ?
        
             | ronsor wrote:
             | There are a few reasons why copyright terms aren't
             | shortened:
             | 
             | * International treaties make it difficult without buy-in
             | from everyone, or at least the most important countries.
             | The USA is probably the only country that could afford to
             | unilaterally make such a change.
             | 
             | * Politicians are largely beholden to big companies now.
             | 
             | * The average person is distracted with other societal
             | woes, and politicians and companies work hard to keep it
             | that way.
             | 
             | * Some people have been convinced that excessive copyright
             | is a moral good through propaganda.
        
               | genghisjahn wrote:
               | I'm not sure where I stand on this, but is it possible
               | that some people have been convinced that copyright is a
               | moral evil by propaganda? I pause when I hear this line
               | of argument, "I'm a free thinker and I have objective
               | truth. Others are weak minded victims of propaganda."
        
               | ronsor wrote:
               | Of course. There's all kinds of propaganda (and depending
               | on where you stand, some propaganda is good and other
               | propaganda is bad), and not one person is immune. But for
               | the sake of this discussion, there are some extra factors
               | to consider:
               | 
               | * Those promoting copyright expansion or the status quo
               | have significant amounts of money; those criticizing it
               | mostly do not (counting groups with real principles,
               | anyway)
               | 
               | * It is suspicious for people who have no personal
               | interest in extended copyright to excessively favor it.
        
             | lmm wrote:
             | The benefits of a shorter term are diffuse. The benefits of
             | a longer term are concentrated. This is a case where
             | representative democracy often breaks down - policy A would
             | be better for almost everyone, but not by enough for them
             | to switch their vote on, whereas policy B is better by
             | enough for a few people to make them single-issue voters.
             | So we get policy B.
        
               | mrkstu wrote:
               | Single issue /donors/
        
           | plopz wrote:
           | The only part that feels weird about a shorter duration like
           | that is tv/movie adaptations of books. The game of thrones
           | show came out 15 years after the first book, does that mean
           | they would have been able to make it without licensing it
           | from the author?
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | This is a remarkably salient point.
             | 
             | It can take a long time for certain works to find their
             | wings or true market potential, especially books and music.
             | 
             | Some examples of music: "Take On Me", "Running Up That
             | Hill", "Bohemian Rhapsody", or even bands, like Neutral
             | Milk Hotel
        
               | jhbadger wrote:
               | You may have a point with a cult band like Neutral Milk
               | Hotel, but songs like Take On Me and Running Up That Hill
               | were incredibly popular when they were new -- it's just
               | that both got a second wave of popularity decades later
               | when they were used on soundtracks of films/shows.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | > Running Up That Hill were incredibly popular when they
               | were new
               | 
               | It was far more popular in the recent revival!
        
             | ronsor wrote:
             | It does mean that, and I think that's just something that
             | would have to be accepted. Disney's empire is built on
             | adaptations of public domain stories, after all.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | Disney is about to be faced with a landscape where
               | anybody can make Pixar films from home. They're in for a
               | world of hurt in the new regime where thought moves
               | faster than IP.
               | 
               | Film studios only existed because (1) distribution used
               | to be hard and (2) films were financially and
               | logistically difficult to make. Netflix and YouTube
               | slayed the first challenge, and now GenAI will fell the
               | latter and give indie directors the same kind of platform
               | that indie game and indie music folks currently have:
               | true one person studios.
        
               | fwip wrote:
               | Unlikely. Generative AI is foul and unpleasant to
               | perceive.
        
               | ronsor wrote:
               | It is not inherently, but people are very effective at
               | using it to produce foul, unpleasant output, which is a
               | temporary problem. Like almost all things, people will
               | not actually care how they're made if the final product
               | is good.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | As someone who spends 100 hours a week working in this
               | space, it's so weird seeing such pervasive negative
               | attitudes everywhere I look.
               | 
               | I know the work I'm doing is valuable and that this field
               | is the future. I'm sure it'll click for more folks soon.
        
               | ronsor wrote:
               | People repeat "generative AI is all evil garbage" because
               | that's what the media (which is very afraid of AI, might
               | I add) has told them.
               | 
               | It's also funny to see AI turn people who normally
               | dislike copyright into die-hard copyright lovers.
        
               | fwip wrote:
               | I didn't say that? It is foul and unpleasant to behold,
               | based on my experience of viewing it repeatedly over the
               | last 5+ years.
               | 
               | It would be nice if you didn't assume that anybody who
               | doesn't share your opinion is mindlessly regurgitating
               | slop.
        
               | ronsor wrote:
               | I was speaking in response to most of the general
               | "pervasive negative attitudes" mentioned, not you
               | specifically. Although I'm curious where you viewed
               | generative AI content repeatedly 5 years ago; it was
               | effectively non-existent outside research circles then.
        
               | fwip wrote:
               | If I recall correctly, that was about the time that
               | Google started demoing its generative AI "deepmind" - a
               | particular demo of a frog comes to mind. The commonality
               | of AI content has certainly increased since then, I
               | didn't mean to imply it was commonplace back then.
        
               | sakjur wrote:
               | People might care for culture. I'm very much in favor of
               | a reformed copyright that strengthens indie artists,
               | conservationists, and remixers and weakens Disney et al.
               | 
               | It's also a matter of fact that we have the copyright we
               | have that's prohibitive to people and favors
               | corporations. It's upsetting to see how a bunch of
               | Silicon Valley companies stomps right across those lines
               | with impunity, while people like Aaron Swartz are
               | persecuted and threatened with decade long prison
               | sentences for crimes that in my mind ought to be much
               | less upsetting.
               | 
               | If copyright was fair, training of AI intended for non-
               | personal use ought to be a sufficient commercial activity
               | to require a license. That would stiffle the development
               | of AI, which is what I'd argue happens to human creators
               | under our current system.
               | 
               | If we had a 25 year copyright, we could easily make
               | useful AI trained on the sum of human creation until
               | 1999, _and_ have badass human made remixes of 80s and 90s
               | songs -- we wouldn't have to do legal gymnastics to allow
               | the development of useful AI, as it'd have access to
               | quite substantial training material from the 1900s, and
               | unlock relatively modern training material year-by-year.
               | 
               | So yes, I dislike AI for infringing on copyright and I
               | dislike copyright (in its current state).
        
               | vundercind wrote:
               | So far, it's really bad at actually replacing human labor
               | in pro-social ways while being a supercharger for various
               | antisocial jobs, like scam artist or astroturfer. The
               | main "beneficial" use for it today is replacing wasteful
               | labor that probably didn't need to be done in the first
               | place--which is why an AI version is fine, because it
               | didn't matter to begin with.
               | 
               | My wife and I both work in the field, I on the tech side,
               | her on the creative side, and she's been in it since the
               | earliest days of industry trying to adapt these tools.
               | There's a lot (like, holy shit, _so_ much) of effort and
               | money going into it, but so far it 's only marginally
               | helpful for non-evil jobs.
        
               | jorvi wrote:
               | To me the magic is in generating things that would have
               | had too much right issues or would not have been
               | economically viable.
               | 
               | A series that is a variant of the stories of "The Wire",
               | but taking place in the Harry Potter universe? Coming
               | right up.
               | 
               | Obscure prog rock band from the 90s put out one album?
               | Now its two.
               | 
               | I can understand people their apprehension, feeling like
               | art is losing something essential without the human touch
               | behind it, but I saw an article a few days ago where
               | people thought generated Shakespeare was better than
               | actual Shakespeare. Until it was revealed which was
               | generated.
               | 
               | If AI can generate me another, better Illmatic, I'm all
               | here for it.
        
               | Freak_NL wrote:
               | The conclusion to draw there is that Shakespeare honestly
               | doesn't make for very good reading today unless you are
               | also delving into the historical context or considering
               | the major impact of his works on humanity's culture from
               | the arts to language. LLM generated output has none of
               | that.
               | 
               | 'Ah ha! LLMs are better than Shakespeare!' is a
               | meaningless statement.
               | 
               | Besides, no one reads Shakespeare for pleasure; there is
               | no need to generate more. ;)
        
               | vundercind wrote:
               | I bet you could get a random person off the street to
               | fairly-consistently pick (curated) AI works over an
               | amalgamated top-5 of great jazz recordings selected by
               | jazz super-fans.
               | 
               | > Besides, no one reads Shakespeare for pleasure
               | 
               | Exactly (kind of). Lots of rewarding works take _effort_
               | to learn to appreciate, for a bunch of reasons that may
               | include (as in Shakespeare 's case) that they're old and
               | their context and vernacular is not ours. Lots of people
               | (I'd say a large majority, in my experience) dismiss
               | entire genres and forms of art that they weren't heavily
               | exposed to as children, often going so far as to judge
               | them _bad_ , simply because it would take some time and
               | effort to learn how to enjoy them and to be able to
               | discern what's good or remarkable about a given work.
               | 
               | What proportion of the population has ever in their lives
               | enjoyed the experience of reading a Shakespeare play?
               | Even once? It's gotta be tiny. Of course you can get them
               | to choose AI junk over Shakespeare, it's not a _kind of
               | thing_ they understood or enjoyed to begin with, in most
               | cases.
        
               | slyall wrote:
               | There seems to be some people who really hate Generative
               | AI and will call it out and complain wherever they see
               | it.
               | 
               | eg somebody uses it to illustrate an article there will
               | always be somebody who complains.
               | 
               | So anything that enough people see will generate at least
               | one complaint.
        
               | sumtechguy wrote:
               | The thing is GenAI will be just like CGI. When it is bad
               | it will look bad and has 'that look'. But when it is good
               | enough you will not even know.
               | 
               | The creativity has already gone sideways for most of
               | this. I can with a few simple sentences create an
               | acceptable picture (in some cases a short film). With a
               | AI pipeline I can make some pretty cool scenes. Instead
               | of having to know how to properly draw an s curve with a
               | nice gradient bit of layered colors over it and 14
               | meticulously created layers. I tell the program to do it
               | for me. It does an acceptable job in a fraction of the
               | time. People can complain all they want but the rest of
               | us are already using these tools and will continue to do
               | so until something better comes along.
        
               | happymellon wrote:
               | > I know the work I'm doing is valuable and that this
               | field is the future. I'm sure it'll click for more folks
               | soon.
               | 
               | Maybe because not everyone shares your opinion? Having an
               | LLM generate art isn't necessarily a net benefit for
               | society. Computers were supposed to improve our lives but
               | instead of robots to perform dangerous menial work it's
               | taking the creativity out of humanity.
               | 
               | Hey guys you no longer have to do fun things, tech bros
               | have that covered. Now get back down the mine.
        
               | fwip wrote:
               | Most of the people who seem to be fans of AI-generated
               | art are fans of AI, not of art.
               | 
               | Maybe it'll get to the point where it's good enough to
               | have on as background television - not everything needs
               | to be great, after all - but what's the point of that? We
               | already have far more high-quality television shows and
               | movies than most people can ever watch.
        
               | underlipton wrote:
               | Disagree. I've seen things done with generative AI which
               | I've wanted to see visualized for decades, but which were
               | too difficult and time-consuming to do traditionally.
               | I've also seen beautiful things that were either
               | impossible to produce or impossible to even conceive of
               | through traditional workflows.
               | 
               | Those make up an infinitesimally small portion of the
               | total output, which is largely a deluge of crap,
               | certainly. But, generally, rarity makes something more
               | valuable and beautiful by comparison.
        
               | bbddg wrote:
               | Care to share your examples?
        
               | zuminator wrote:
               | That was also true of quite a lot of early CGI, but most
               | people would say that things have improved. I think we're
               | on the cusp of rapid improvement in AI video as well, in
               | part spurred on by skilled people using the tools we
               | currently have.
               | 
               | I came across the following recently. I think a casual
               | viewer would assume it was just Bakshi-style rotoscoped
               | animation without a major AI component.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9BG6yBkOIE
        
               | fwip wrote:
               | An interesting example. It may be because I consider
               | myself a fan of animation (moreso than the average
               | person), but the video has obvious garbage less than
               | fifteen seconds in, with the spaceships (?) morphing and
               | sludging around the pyramid.
        
               | zuminator wrote:
               | Sure, that's why I said casual viewer and not careful
               | viewer. But getting back to your original point, would
               | you say it was foul and unpleasant? That's really what
               | I'm claiming, that we're fairly quickly advancing beyond
               | the old days of those nightmare Nekobuses and vomit-
               | inducing clips of Will Smith devouring spaghetti, and
               | into territory where at least some people can find the
               | product genuinely enjoyable. Of course nothing will ever
               | be perfect. AI aside, after all these years it's still
               | often jarring when computer physics is shoehorned into
               | cartoons/anime that's designed to look like traditional
               | hand drawn animation.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | > would you say it was foul and unpleasant?
               | 
               | If I were to watch 90+ minutes of that with dubbed voices
               | on top of it, absolutely. There's practically zero
               | cohesion between any of those shots. No real action, no
               | real narrative. It's a collection of non-cohesive stills
               | that were stretched, not any bit of a story at all.
        
               | ravenstine wrote:
               | Not sure why you're downvoted. This is one of the most
               | objectively true things said here. CGI was pretty crappy
               | for at least the first few decades of its existence. Even
               | aspects of the animation in _Toy Story_ really show that
               | film 's age. I remember realizing that in the early
               | 2000's. Most people either forgot or didn't even
               | experience the early days of CGI and would consider much
               | of it to be nightmare fuel today.
               | 
               | AI is pretty clearly advancing orders of magnitude faster
               | than CGI has. Just because it sucks now doesn't mean it's
               | going to suck in another 5 years.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "Just because it sucks now doesn't mean it's going to
               | suck in another 5 years."
               | 
               | We will see. Some flaws might be baked in, like LLM's
               | halucinating. That won't go away, unless we invent a new
               | tech. So here with generating videos, will morphing
               | objects for example ever go away? I am sceptical with the
               | current approach.
        
               | HappMacDonald wrote:
               | My constructive criticism to this video is "90% of it is
               | figures standing still while wind blows their outfit or
               | the camera does a simple move." Sometimes moving their
               | lips as though talking .. though I did like that bird
               | turning it's head smoothly away like "forget this, I'mma
               | preen! Peace out!" Haha
               | 
               | Very much no throughline of concepts from one shot to the
               | next. You never see the same character twice. No
               | foreground dynamic action.. not even simple walking
               | except one far-away character directly away from the
               | camera which means that their silhouette hardly changed.
               | 
               | This all comes from the current generation of video
               | diffusion models that basically just generate an image
               | like they always have except with a hint of temporal
               | coherence they expand that into a short shot with no
               | types of movement except those seen a million times in
               | their training set.
               | 
               | Getting gen models to be able to reason better about
               | motion and to build mental world models of the 3d scene
               | they are managing a 2d window into is going to be a big
               | challenge, and require some additional breakthroughs on a
               | par with the original GPT and stable diffusion
               | breakthroughs that currently act as a foundation to a
               | majority of modern AI innovation.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | > ... and require some additional breakthroughs on a par
               | with the original GPT and stable diffusion breakthroughs
               | ...
               | 
               | You say this like Stable Diffusion isn't a 2022
               | technology. And not early 2022, but quite late (August).
               | ChatGPT is younger.
               | 
               | I mean sure we need more breakthroughs, but we've barely
               | even seen a new hardware generation since those things
               | came out and the researchers are really only getting
               | started with the new capabilities of generative tech. If
               | we don't get more breakthroughs in short order then that
               | would be a stunning halt of progress, a breaking stop the
               | likes of which we have almost never before seen. More
               | breakthroughs are a given.
        
               | mlindner wrote:
               | Agreed. Everyone raves about generative AI but I've yet
               | to see a single generative AI video that is "enjoyable"
               | to watch in a way beyond the way tech demos are enjoyable
               | to watch.
        
             | furyofantares wrote:
             | Hm, also at 10 years out how likely is the author to be
             | able to convince someone to do a TV adaptation, knowing
             | that by the time they're done someone else will be able to
             | release their own versions (sans royalty even)?
        
               | ronsor wrote:
               | Many things are only popular for a relatively short
               | period of time. If someone wants to wait until the
               | copyright period is over to do an adaptation, the source
               | material may no longer be that popular, and the
               | adaptation, even without having paid a single royalty,
               | will be unprofitable.
        
               | longdustytrail wrote:
               | Ok but you're gonna have a hard time convincing me that
               | (morally) HBO should have been able to make game of
               | thrones without cutting a check to the guy who created it
        
               | ronsor wrote:
               | I'm not saying it'd be good for HBO to do that, only that
               | they could. Regardless of whether or not they should,
               | edge cases like GoT's success should not control the
               | outcome for everyone and everything else.
        
               | Mindwipe wrote:
               | GoT isn't an edge case - it's actually quite quick for an
               | adaptation.
        
               | Mindwipe wrote:
               | The reality is that almost no adaptations happen until
               | ten years after a book is published. Virtually never.
        
               | seabass-labrax wrote:
               | Apparently the TV series Game of Thrones cost just under
               | $600m to produce[1], and George R. R. Martin earnt
               | something like $100m from royalties as its original
               | author[2]. Although access to the author for advice and
               | publicity must be valuable, that is nonetheless a very
               | large proportion of the profits that I'm sure many
               | studios would rather not have to share!
               | 
               | [1]: https://movies.stackexchange.com/a/100996
               | 
               | [2]:
               | https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-6182197
        
             | gosub100 wrote:
             | > does that mean they would have been able to make it
             | without licensing it from the author?
             | 
             | yes and it's possible someone could have done it even
             | better, had they not been required to convince investors to
             | purchase copyright. GoT was a masterpiece, don't get me
             | wrong, but it's a fallacy to think it couldn't have been
             | better, or that other book adaptations could have been as
             | good or better, without copyright being in the way.
             | 
             | It's a minor issue in the grand scheme, but my pet peeve is
             | with "synch licenses" (not sure if that's even the right
             | term), but where sitcoms can't go to home video because of
             | stupid disputes about shitty songs that happened to be
             | included. Did anyone watch "Married With Children"
             | _because_ of Frank Sinatra 's song "Love and Marriage" in
             | the intro? It's a catchy song, and I'm sure it lured people
             | in who might have otherwise changed the channel, so yes it
             | has value. But it should only be a tiny fraction of the
             | royalties for a full performance of the song. doubly so for
             | home video releases. Would _anyone_ buy even 1 season of
             | MWC _just_ to hear the Sinatra song? I say no. And
             | therefore should not be required to pay any royalties.
             | 
             | I am watching "Murphy Brown" reruns from pirateflix because
             | apparently it never went to home video because of license
             | disputes about the 60's soul songs in the intro. They add
             | character to the show, for sure. But they're not why I
             | watch the show. I watch it for the story and the acting. In
             | this case, actors (who worked extremely hard over 10
             | seasons of that show!) are being wrongfully deprived of
             | royalties because record execs can't be reasonable about
             | how much 10 seconds of a 60 -year-old song is worth.
        
               | plopz wrote:
               | Yeah, thats a big problem with shows that work really
               | well with the music, like Scrubs. I'm glad we have piracy
               | to be able to keep the original works with the intended
               | tracks intact.
        
             | thisislife2 wrote:
             | That can be fixed by limiting copyright to a certain
             | duration _per medium_. You write a book - you have
             | copyright on paper based books for 15 years. You publish it
             | as Ebooks for desktop and mobile devices - get 15 years on
             | that medium. Convert to visuals on Television  &/or Films -
             | 15 years on that medium. Virtual reality - another 15 years
             | and so on ...
        
               | johnmaguire wrote:
               | Are you suggesting that if you release only a book,
               | anyone could take the story and produce a film based on
               | it, because you didn't publish a film?
        
               | thisislife2 wrote:
               | No. I am suggesting that _short_ copyright terms should
               | be tied to the medium of delivery.
               | 
               | If someone writes a book, copyright will begin when they
               | publish the book and the 10-15 years copyright expiration
               | would only be applicable for paper book medium. After the
               | copyright for the paper book medium expires, anybody can
               | republish it. But, only the original copyright owner can
               | "recreate" the work again in another medium - like Games,
               | TV/ Films, Virtual reality etc. Even if that happens
               | after the expiration of copyright on the first medium it
               | originally appeared on.
               | 
               | With the Game of Thrones example, with short copyrights,
               | Martin would lose the copyright on the books (the first
               | original medium it was published on) in 10-15 years. But
               | he would retain the copyright on his work for other
               | medium. So if 20 years down the lane, HBO wanted to
               | recreate his work for TV, they would still have to get
               | his permissions to do so. Once Martin's gives HBO the
               | rights to his work for TV, HBO would own it only for the
               | 10-15 years, and after that, anybody could use it freely
               | too, but only for paper book and TV medium. This means if
               | Meta or Apple want to recreate Game of Thrones as a
               | virtual reality show, they would again have to approach
               | Martin to get his permission. If they do, then they own
               | the copyright to his work, on virtual reality medium,
               | till it expires in 10-15 years.
               | 
               | In this kind of system, the original author would
               | continue to retain the future rights for any new future
               | medium of delivery too.
        
               | tmtvl wrote:
               | What would happen then if someone wants to make a movie
               | about a book published a few centuries earlier? Would
               | they have to do deep archaeology to find the heirs of the
               | author, the heirs of the heirs, the heirs of the heirs of
               | the heirs,... and then get permission of the hundred-odd
               | heir^Nths?
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | European patents have an interesting fee structure that
           | increases exponentially (IIRC doubling every ~3 years), with
           | a 20 year limit. I think this (plus mandatory registration if
           | you want to enforce) is a great solution to copyrights, too,
           | even if you let it run unbounded. If the registration fee is
           | $1000, a registration 30 years later is $1000000 and if you
           | want 60 years you have to pay $1000000000 over the life of
           | the copyright.
           | 
           | Any excess revenue could, theoretically, be redistribute as
           | grants for the arts.
        
             | devsda wrote:
             | I think it should be proportionate (& increasing
             | exponentially) to the revenue(not profit because hollywood
             | accounting).
             | 
             | Big coporations like Disney can hold on to the material and
             | pay the sum with profits from other ip if it's fixed.
        
               | shiroiushi wrote:
               | I completely disagree. The previous comment's idea is
               | better: just charge fees. The government shouldn't be
               | worried about exactly how profitable something is,
               | because you can argue that too many ways (see Hollywood
               | accounting). It's too easy for large corporations to
               | invent "creative accounting" tricks, and just basing
               | things on revenue penalizes any company that invests
               | larger amounts of money in ventures that have lower
               | profit margins (e.g. doing high-quality movie production
               | with physical models, on-location shooting, etc. instead
               | of just using some crappy AI to generate everything).
               | 
               | With exponentially increasing fees, the copyright holder
               | can decide for themselves if it's economically worthwhile
               | to pay the renewal fees or release it into the public
               | domain. If the cost to extend copyright another 5 years
               | after 50+ years is $1B, for instance, very few copyright
               | holders will bother with that unless it's a highly
               | profitable property.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | The problem with "just charge fees" is that it wastes an
               | excellent opportunity to make the copyright system more
               | useful for individual authors and artists, and instead
               | strengthens the status quo with even more incentives to
               | consolidate copyright powers under mega-corporations.
               | Long before the fees got high enough to incentivize a
               | corporation to abandon a work's copyright to the public
               | domain, they would force authors to sell out to a
               | corporation in return for a share of future earnings,
               | rather than accept an immediate loss of all royalties.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Presumably you could set up "just charge fees" to have a
               | grace period of 3-5 years to register your copyright (and
               | pay any back fees) if you happen to want to enforce the
               | copyright after that time.
               | 
               | It's also possible that you could set up a smaller fee
               | for a news article, etc.
               | 
               | There are lots of implementation details that make "just
               | charge fees" work.
        
               | benj111 wrote:
               | Back fees?
               | 
               | So I use a 4 year old work, that I assume is public
               | domain, and then the creator, pays his back fees and sues
               | me?
               | 
               | alternatively, a creator creates a work, gets 5 years of
               | protection, and never pays the fees that he owes.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Yes, exactly that model. In practice, you would treat
               | that 4-year-old work as "under copyright" the same way
               | everything written is under copyright today. This sort of
               | thing gives you a chance to market your creative work
               | with protection and avoid paying fees until you know that
               | it is valuable. That would then allow the fees to be
               | relatively high since only people with valuable IP would
               | pay.
               | 
               | The alternative is that everyone's blog enters the public
               | domain immediately upon writing unless they want to pay
               | $XXX per article, which also seems wrong to me.
        
               | deprecative wrote:
               | Return ownership of IP to humans only. You'll solve
               | basically all of the issues currently faced that way.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | How would that apply in the case of, say, Peter Jackson's
               | 2003, $281 million "The Lord of the Rings" film series?
               | 
               | Does Jackson own the IP? Do actors own part of the IP for
               | every scene they're in? What does Jackson offer to
               | investors, to get the backing he needs to hire loads of
               | horse riders or whatever? Do we do it Star Citizen style,
               | giving Jackson a few hundred million upfront with no
               | obligation to deliver anything?
        
               | tanewishly wrote:
               | You make an excellent point. Companies could eg. have
               | 25yrs to make a profit.
               | 
               | On the other hand: if an artist produces something that
               | slumbers in anonymity for decades before it suddenly
               | explodes into popularity and becomes part of the cultural
               | canon, then I'd want the artist to reap whatever benefits
               | possible. That is: if anyone is making big bucks off of
               | that, it first and foremost should be the artist, for as
               | long as they're alive.
        
               | benj111 wrote:
               | Interesting.
               | 
               | I'm against long term copyright, because things become
               | part of the 'cultural canon'
               | 
               | Why should I pay George Lucas because I want to say "use
               | the force luke"*
               | 
               | 'Cultural Canon' shouldn't be owned by anyone, because
               | it, by definition belongs to everyone.
               | 
               | *Yes I know thats a misquote.
        
               | benj111 wrote:
               | I fail to understand the problem.
               | 
               | Assuming some nominal or zero starting fee. The author
               | can choose to sell his rights at the beginning, or can
               | choose to keep the rights.
               | 
               | If x years later, the renewal comes up and isn't worth
               | it, then he doesn't have to pay it. the value to the
               | author isn't worth the value to the public. If a mega
               | corp comes along and buys it, they have taken on a risk
               | that it will be worth more in the future, and the author
               | has gained some extra income.
               | 
               | If the mega corp think its worth buying the rights,
               | theres probably a good business case for the property, so
               | the author should be able to get the money somehow. If
               | not, the mega corp is giving the author a nice bonus.
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | > The government shouldn't be worried about exactly how
               | profitable something is, because you can argue that too
               | many ways (see Hollywood accounting). It's too easy for
               | large corporations to invent "creative accounting" tricks
               | 
               | This is also the _core_ reason why tax systems should be
               | simplified simplified simplified.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Why complicate things and allow for even more creative
               | accounting? Elevating flat fees give you a term that is
               | inversely proportional to revenue. With flat exponential
               | fees, term is logarithmic in revenue.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Assuming fee based renewal, proportionate to revenue is
               | problematic for works that fall out of publishing.
               | 
               | There's lots of works from when I was young that nobody
               | is interested in publishing, even though I would like to
               | see them again. They make zero revenue now (and probably
               | didn't make much before), so I suspect the rights holders
               | would abandon them if they had to pay any fee, especially
               | an escalating fee.
               | 
               | I'm personally less worried about works that remain in
               | print.
        
               | zarzavat wrote:
               | Couldn't you print it yourself? If it's that obscure and
               | that important to you to own a hard copy.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Print them how? Am I supposed to type up all the pages of
               | that falling apart book - book scanning helps but still
               | requires extensive effort? What about the page that got
               | ripped out and is missing, how do I recreate that?
               | 
               | While it is likely legal for me to go through all that
               | effort for myself, it isn't legal for me to share the
               | fruits of my effort with someone else who wants a copy so
               | they need to do it themself. Even if they have a worn out
               | copy themself it isn't clear that I can print them a new
               | copy. If I want to share this work with someone else who
               | might want it I'm stuck - I can only do the above for
               | personal use.
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | > I suspect the rights holders would abandon them if they
               | had to pay any fee
               | 
               | Wouldn't that just put the works in the public domain,
               | allowing others to legally publish the works? What would
               | be the downside?
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Yes, that's the upside. That's why people want a
               | meaningful fee.
               | 
               | If it's revenue based and there's no revenue, then the
               | rightsholder will renew to protect their options.
        
               | Wowfunhappy wrote:
               | > Big coporations like Disney can hold on to the material
               | and pay the sum with profits from other ip if it's fixed.
               | 
               | I think that's okay, Disney has lots of money but they
               | aren't stupid, i.e. they won't spend money unless they
               | expect a return on investment.
               | 
               | What you really want to prevent are orphan works which
               | are copyrighted but no one can get a copy of.
        
             | silvestrov wrote:
             | European Patent Office fee list:
             | https://my.epoline.org/epoline-
             | portal/classic/epoline.Schedu...
             | 
             | has 4 pages of prices
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Looks like I was wrong about which patent office I'm
               | thinking of, thanks for posting.
               | 
               | Seems like it's the US that has doubling fees, doubling
               | every 4 years.
        
           | liontwist wrote:
           | What it sounds like you're saying is "this stuff is too old
           | to be interesting" which is kind of the point.
        
             | ronsor wrote:
             | The point of copyright is to promote the creation of new
             | works. It has nothing to do with the popularity of the work
             | under copyright or after entering the public domain. Mickey
             | Mouse was still relevant at the time of entering the public
             | domain, ninety-five lobbied years later.
        
               | deprecative wrote:
               | To add it's only Steamboat Willie Mickey that is public
               | domain. The actual character as we think of him isn't.
               | The creator has been dead for nearly 80 years. It's
               | absolutely insane that any of those creations are still
               | privately owned.
        
               | liontwist wrote:
               | Yep. But if it still commands economic value for its
               | creator and you cut that off, then it is reducing that
               | incentive to create and cultivate in the first place.
        
           | benfortuna wrote:
           | If this was the case would we have enough interesting content
           | (movies, music, etc.) to reduce demand for streaming
           | services, etc.?
           | 
           | I think those indirect impacts probably incentivize more
           | lobby groups to keep the status quo.
        
           | anilgulecha wrote:
           | The original copyright law
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_Anne) got it right
           | IMO: 14 years.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | All the TRIPS agreement requires is 50 years. That can be
           | from first publication, regardless of when the author dies.
           | 
           | The US should go with 50 years from first publication. It
           | doesn't have significant financial effect for rights holders.
           | Revenue on content over 50 years old is tiny. Maybe if you're
           | still alive, the sole author, and own the rights yourself,
           | you could apply for an extension for the rest of your life.
           | But no more than that.
           | 
           | Someone with Trumpworld connections could push this, as a way
           | of getting back at Hollywood.
        
             | Mindwipe wrote:
             | > All the TRIPS agreement requires is 50 years. That can be
             | from first publication, regardless of when the author dies.
             | 
             | TRIPS requires fifty years for features, but not for
             | various bits of copyright that go into making a feature,
             | where it requires life + 50. There are vanishingly small
             | amounts of films that would be genuinely clear under the
             | TRIPS terms, they'd basically just be performing arts
             | pieces with no script or planning or music.
        
           | theshrike79 wrote:
           | I'd go with something like the Sony Spiderman deal.
           | 
           | Unless they release new IP with that character every X years,
           | the rights revert back go Marvel (Now Disney).
           | 
           | Same with books. If you have an ongoing series for 20 years,
           | the first books shouldn't enter public domain.
           | 
           | But a book series or TV show with no new content for 15+
           | years? Public domain.
        
             | HideousKojima wrote:
             | That gets really murky really fast.
             | 
             | Is _10 Cloverfield Lane_ a sequel to _Cloverfield_? They
             | decided to throw the Cloverfield name onto it shortly
             | before release for marketing reasons, the actual movie has
             | nothing to do with the events and story of the original
             | _Cloverfield_.
             | 
             | Is the video game _Nier_ a sequel to _Drakengard_?
             | Technically yes, but the connection is vague and distant.
             | And there 's also _Drakengard 2_ which is the sequel to a
             | different ending for the original game.
             | 
             | How would you count _Fear the Walking Dead_ , the spin-off
             | series of _The Walking Dead_ , itself and adaptation of a
             | comic book series. Do the shows continue to get copyright
             | protection so long as the comics are still being published?
             | Or vice versa?
        
           | vundercind wrote:
           | It should definitely be short enough for creatives to engage
           | directly with their influences from childhood and adolescence
           | in middle age, and to take on and use the earlier works of
           | their contemporaries in their later years.
           | 
           | So, probably not more than twenty years. Fifteen would be
           | better.
        
           | benj111 wrote:
           | Surely the point of copyright is to allow a person to have
           | sole rights to commercialise a thing before it goes to the
           | public domain.
           | 
           | If so, if they havent done that in the first 10/15 years, why
           | should they get an extra 10/15 years?
           | 
           | Further, another issue of very long copyrights is preserving
           | things you don't really have a right to preserve.
           | 
           | that successful videogame may still be around in 25 years.
           | the one that wasn't so popular has much less chance of
           | surviving.
           | 
           | And then you have the added complication of what was
           | successful? a fixed term means you know when something is in
           | the public domain.
           | 
           | personally, I think there should be registration and fees
           | attached. if you want copyright protection for the first 5
           | years, pay a nominal fee. if you want more than that, pay
           | exponentially more for each year.
           | 
           | If companies want to pay that tax, they can. if it isn't
           | worth it, then it can go in the public domain.
           | 
           | Either way, at least you have a register of what is in, and
           | out of copyright.
        
         | Aloisius wrote:
         | The length should be no more than would be required to maximize
         | the creation of works and not a moment longer.
         | 
         | Long terms prevent the creation of derivative works which at an
         | extreme could be reducing the number of works created as well
         | as disincentivizing creators from creating new works if they've
         | been especially successful early in their careers and decided
         | to coast.
        
           | thrance wrote:
           | Then I'd say the ideal length is probably zero. I don't buy
           | that derivative works negatively impact revenue that much.
        
             | chipotle_coyote wrote:
             | Derivative works aren't really the primary problem
             | copyright law was created to address. In the early days of
             | novel publishing, it wasn't uncommon for a popular book an
             | author had sold to a publisher on a royalty basis to just
             | be reprinted by other publishers who kept all the money for
             | themselves. It wasn't unheard of for the _majority_ of an
             | author 's books to be published by people who weren't
             | giving _any_ money to them until the law stepped in.
             | 
             | I think people have a tendency to focus on corporations and
             | super-successful individual creators as the primary
             | beneficiaries of copyright, and I get it, but George R.R.
             | Martin should not be your yardstick: the long tail applies
             | here. A _lot_ of authors have books that might keep
             | bringing in a thousand dollars or less a year in royalties
             | over a couple decades; if those authors are able to put out
             | a book a year, that  "back catalogue" might end up being
             | most of their writing income. And the rise of ebooks has
             | probably created _more_ authors in that boat, not less.
             | 
             | The original US copyright act in 1790 set the term at 14
             | years, with a near-automatic extension of another 14 years
             | granted upon request. I'd be happy enough going back to
             | that, but I don't think I'd want to see less, honestly.
        
         | stephen_g wrote:
         | Absolutely.
         | 
         | There's also absolutely zero sense that if there's any term
         | based on the lifetime of the authors, that it should extend a
         | single day after their death.
         | 
         | I'd definitely prefer a 20-30 year fixed term, but if it was
         | going to be based on lifetime then it should only be until the
         | death of the author.
        
           | devsda wrote:
           | The problem with that is some ridiculous edge cases.
           | 
           | Young book author agrees to a profit share agreement with
           | publisher and works most of the time.
           | 
           | Has an accidental death at launch party, his work is in
           | public domain now, and the publisher & author's family are in
           | trouble ?
           | 
           | Or it simply makes publishers reluctant to work with old
           | authors and be biased towards healthy young writers.
        
             | stephen_g wrote:
             | Yes that's why it shouldn't have any bearing at all on
             | lifetime, and why I prefer a fixed term of 20-30 years.
        
             | criddell wrote:
             | I don't have particularly strong feelings on this
             | particular issue, but I do take issue with worrying about
             | edge cases. By definition, edge cases are infrequent and
             | unlikely occurrences. Trying to account for every
             | possibility is a way of making sure nothing ever changes.
             | It's a form of perfect being the enemy of good.
             | 
             | For this particular scenario, I would tell publishers and
             | authors to take out a life or accidental death insurance
             | policy.
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | I disagree entirely in that I believe government shouldn't
         | determine this but rather the market. The rights to an
         | intellectual property should be transferable/sold in perpetuity
         | and at some point the work will become less and less valuable
         | as newer works outcompete for attention. This will differ
         | depending on how great the work was as judged by the market but
         | it's still the commanding force.
         | 
         | Any particular time for transfer from market control to public
         | domain is arbitrary. If it's worth anything it should be
         | traceable not stolen. Everything will eventually have too
         | little demand to be defensible and control will be let go and
         | at that point it becomes public domain because it became public
         | domain.
        
           | panja wrote:
           | If you want the market to determine then why do you need IP
           | at all? That's just government intervention...
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | The government exists to protect the property of its
             | citizens. You can't have a reliable market without the
             | threat of violence (prison, fines, etc) and judiciary from
             | an authority and government is suitable for that purpose.
             | It's their main purpose in fact.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | So no copyright then? How would "the market" prevent
           | publishers freeloading the works of authors? Suggest you look
           | up why copyright was invented (and all the other thousands of
           | ways simplistic markets don't work the way we'd like them
           | to).
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | I'm saying copyright in perpetuity enforced by the
             | government with the threat of fines or prison for stealing
             | a copyright holders property. From there the market can
             | take over as it's now free to operate without fears of
             | piracy etc.
        
         | theshrike79 wrote:
         | The most important factor should be that if something isn't
         | commercially available (not used, new), it should fall to
         | Public Domain faster.
         | 
         | If you're not selling your game published in 2005, it should be
         | free for everyone to grab - you clearly don't care about it
         | anymore. If you did, you'd let people pay money for it.
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | > _I 'd argue that by then all the money would have been made_
         | 
         | Not by a long shot. They're still milking famous books, movies,
         | songs, from 50 years back and more.
         | 
         | But I'd argue that by 25 years all the money being made for the
         | original owners should have been forced to stop. Similar as
         | with patents.
         | 
         | Once concern is when a creator isn't making money (e.g. from a
         | book), and the work takes off after the 25 years (say, it
         | becomes viral).
        
           | ElectricalTears wrote:
           | We'd just end up with Seinfeld and Friends reruns on every
           | channel.
        
           | themaninthedark wrote:
           | Just for argument, if we set the limit at 25 years. The
           | Fellowship of the Ring, published 29 July 1954, would have
           | been out of copyright by 1981.
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring)
           | 
           | I would say that the bulk of the (for lack of a better term)
           | fandom, occurred after the 1980. Frodo
           | Lives!(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frodo_Lives!)
           | notwithstanding.
           | 
           | I would also argue that corporations would have no qualms of
           | waiting 25 years to capitalize and format shift a work of
           | art, where as the 50 year term limit makes it more difficult
           | for them to play off of nostalgia alone.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | Where are you getting 70 years from? In the UK etc it's
         | lifetime _plus_ 70 years. These will be works whose authors
         | died before my retired father was born.
         | 
         | It says authored 1929 for the US which seems to indicate 95
         | years? I've lost track of how long these ridiculous lengths are
         | now.
        
           | HWR_14 wrote:
           | For works produced by a company's employees and owned by the
           | (immortal) company, its 95 years. For works produced by a
           | mortal human it's that author's life + 70 years.
           | 
           | That's how it is in the US and most of Europe.
        
         | poulpy123 wrote:
         | While I agree with you, I'm struggling to find a good argument
         | why intellectual property should be treated differently from
         | physical property
        
           | andrewclunn wrote:
           | "Hey, I like that table, I'm going to commission somebody to
           | build one for myself!"
           | 
           | Totally legal. No loss to first individual. The fact is that
           | intellectual property IS treated differently, and was
           | justified as being required to incentivize invention and
           | creation NOT because there was any natural right to the
           | product of one's thoughts to not be copied or expanded upon.
           | Now that it arguably gets in the way of innovation and
           | creation, what justification is there for these ADDITIONAL
           | legal restrictions.
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | > _NOT because there was any natural right to the product
             | of one 's thoughts to not be copied or expanded upon_
             | 
             | grandma not sharing her best recipes, and children calling
             | each other "copycat!" is an argument for a natural right.
             | It is innately how humans feel, and there is a supporting
             | argument that we don't want grandma's secret innovations
             | dying with her, to incent sharing.
        
           | csdreamer7 wrote:
           | > While I agree with you, I'm struggling to find a good
           | argument why intellectual property should be treated
           | differently from physical property
           | 
           | 1) First reason, it is not physical property.
           | 
           | 2) Second, many of the creators who lobbied for longer
           | copyright terms benefited from a rich public domain when they
           | did not have anything. In the case of Walt Disney, he made a
           | film series based on Alice in Wonderland, which never had
           | copyright protection in the US, and it's copyright expired in
           | the UK in 1907.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney#Early_career:_1920.
           | ..
        
             | a57721 wrote:
             | Disney also used "Le Sacre du printemps" in "Fantasia"
             | after meeting Stravinsky, who was offended by the idea.
             | However, Disney informed him that he would use it anyway
             | since it was not protected in the US. Stravinsky was paid
             | pennies.
        
           | oneplane wrote:
           | Reasoning about it from the perspective of something
           | physical, one could argue that intellectual property doesn't
           | exist at all, and we should only consider the books, movie
           | media etc. to be property.
           | 
           | If we were to take the contents of a book or a movie for
           | example, and copy it, you still have the physical source, and
           | nothing is lost, your property is still yours. It's just that
           | there is more of it due to the additional copy. That copy
           | isn't yours, and from the moment it was created it still
           | isn't yours. So in that line of thinking, the property that
           | was created is not the same as the property it was copied
           | from, which means two different properties exist.
           | 
           | We can make this even trickier, because if we were to reason
           | about the physical property and the intellectual property
           | separately, the story in a book, and the physical book itself
           | would be two different properties. So when you create a copy,
           | that book that started out blank was definitely not part of
           | the property of someone else. So does the act of adding
           | intellectual property now suddenly transfer the physical
           | property to the source of the intellectual property?
           | 
           | In the current laws and practises around the world we have
           | made all sorts of rules about this, but just reasoning about
           | it before falling back on established practice already shows
           | that it doesn't always turn out to be as easy as it seems.
        
         | onetokeoverthe wrote:
         | _next generation would improve based on previous one_
         | 
         | hopefully, ideally
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | How do people typically make money from these new things
        
       | tzs wrote:
       | As is usual there is quite a bit of discussion here on copyright
       | reform, which is mostly just suggestions to change the term of
       | copyright.
       | 
       | I think it would be interesting to consider other reforms.
       | 
       | Note that copyright is not just a single right. It is a bundle of
       | rights. In the US those are the copying right, the derivative
       | work right, the distribution right, the performance right, the
       | display right, and some others. The bundle of rights might be
       | different in other jurisdictions but in most it is similar. In
       | the rest of this comment I'll only be consideringd US copyright.
       | 
       | First, I don't see why all of those rights should all have the
       | same term. I see no reason to believe that the optimal term for
       | say the copying right and the optimal term for the derivative
       | work right would be the same.
       | 
       | Second, how about adding more compulsory licenses? US copyright
       | law already has some compulsory licenses (also called mechanical
       | licenses), such as for cover songs. Briefly, a federal agency
       | called the Copyright Royalty Board sets the terms and rates for
       | these licenses, and anyone can obtain the license according to
       | those rates and terms, regardless of whether or not the copyright
       | owner wants to license the work to them.
       | 
       | For example suppose we made it so that the copying and
       | distribution rights have a three phase lifetime instead of the
       | current two phases (which are an exclusive phase tied to the
       | author's lifetime followed by public domain). The three phase
       | lifetime could be (1) an exclusive phase of a fixed number of
       | years, followed by (2) a compulsory license phase, followed by
       | (3) public domain.
       | 
       | The derivative work right is the hard one. On the one hand a
       | short term allows others to play in an author's universe. I've
       | seen some really good and really well written fan fiction that is
       | not currently technically legal, especially crossover fan fiction
       | that merges the story universes of different authors. Encouraging
       | this would be good.
       | 
       | On the other hand some things would be ruined if they became
       | public domain too quickly. I'm quite pleased that Bill Watterson
       | still gets to decide who can make "Calvin & Hobbes" derivative
       | works. If copyright was only 14 or 21 years (terms people often
       | suggest), I've no doubt that every character from "Calvin &
       | Hobbes" would have started appearing in ads as soon as the
       | copyright expired.
        
       | clarkmoody wrote:
       | Previous civilizations were able to own their cultural myths.
       | Modern civilization's cultural myths are controlled by giant
       | faceless corporations with legions of lawyers. No one can tell a
       | new story about Han, Luke, and Leia without permission from the
       | House of Mouse.
        
         | asimpletune wrote:
         | I agree that the way things were along time ago was more
         | natural and definitely more creative. Things today though are
         | way different though. A huge difference is that media wasn't an
         | industry back then. Most people couldn't even read. The
         | retelling of myths would mostly happen in the form of poetry or
         | drama performed publicly, and the performance schedule was
         | tightly controlled in the form of contests and festivals to
         | honor various things across the calendar. There's not really
         | analogue to that now. We are truly in uncharted territory, and
         | that was the case since the printing press. Throw in the
         | invention of the internet and it's a giant mess. I'm optimistic
         | though that we can resolve it and pave a way forward.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Storytelling was both a profession and an industry in
           | antiquity. Just as rock concerts and bar bands exist today,
           | amphitheaters weren't the only way people would watch
           | performances.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | Or a Tor onion service.
        
         | narski wrote:
         | At least in the case of the Maya, literacy was carefully
         | guarded so that a small class of priests could exercise
         | precisely this kind of control. In fact, this is believed to be
         | one of the reasons why modern Mayan languages are written in
         | the Latin alphabet, even though there's a complete Mayan script
         | that was the most developed writing system in the Americas
         | until the conquest.
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | In previous civilizations, it was not uncommon to be killed,
         | disemboweled, or crucified for telling myth.
         | 
         | I dont think that distant kings, state religions, or crusading
         | armies were more faceless.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | > No one can tell a new story about Han, Luke, and Leia without
         | permission from the House of Mouse.
         | 
         | Disney is surprisingly friendly to Star Wars fan fiction.
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/07/movies/star-wars-fan-film...
        
           | sigio wrote:
           | Until they are not... it's still permission, instead of
           | 'always allowed'. I'm quite convinced they will not like it
           | if you make a star-wars themed porn-parody (with the
           | character names as-is) and try marketing it ;)
        
           | jvan wrote:
           | Lucas was friendly towards fan works, so Disney kind of got
           | that situation handed to them and were smart enough not to go
           | against it. When nerds are your core audience, you have to
           | accept them doing nerd things. WB took down the Hunt for
           | Gollum fan film and ended up reversing course. Would Disney
           | and WB still make a ton of money if they tighten the reins?
           | Probably, but why risk it?
        
         | cyost wrote:
         | Here you go, 9360 new stories about Han, Luke, and Leia:
         | https://archiveofourown.org/works?commit=Sort+and+Filter&wor...
        
           | ronsor wrote:
           | This is copyright infringement and may be nuked by the Walt
           | Disney Company at any moment.
        
         | bsimpson wrote:
         | I still can't believe that everyone alive in the 21st century
         | has been damned to forego a vibrant public domain because some
         | lawyers were afraid Mickey Mouse might fall out of copyright.
         | 
         | Free Culture by Larry Lessig was an excellent book on the
         | subject. He fought the copyright extension in the Supreme Court
         | and founded the Creative Commons. The experience showed him the
         | degree to which money has corrupted the US political system, so
         | he moved his expertise from intellectual property to election
         | reform. He was briefly a protest candidate for president, who
         | vowed to make his reforms and then resign.
        
       | nottorp wrote:
       | Most are still books in that list. But there is no readable
       | version of it, just photos :)
       | 
       | Next year it will be a link to a tiktok movie?
        
       | hoseja wrote:
       | Oh hey look Crowley.
       | 
       | It's fascinating to me that like 95% of what anglos see as
       | "occult" or "magic" is directly descended from that very recent
       | grifter.
       | 
       | Also see vampires and Stoker (though that's not as intentional).
        
       | retrac wrote:
       | Thanks to the retroactive extension here in Canada, nothing.
        
       | gnulinux wrote:
       | In the US, a random/personal selection of major works that will
       | be public domain are:
       | 
       | * Ernest Hemingway's novel "A Farewell to Arms"
       | 
       | * Ludwig Wittgenstein's essay "Some Remarks on Logical Form"
       | 
       | * The first part of the 14th edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica
       | 
       | * William Faulkner's novel "The Sound and the Fury"
       | 
       | * Rene Magritte's painting "The Treachery of Images"
       | 
       | * Wassily Kandinsky's painting "Upward"
       | 
       | * "Un chien Andalou", directed by Luis Bunuel and cowritten by
       | Salvador Dali
       | 
       | * "The Cocoanuts", the first film of the Marx Brothers
       | 
       | * the first "Silly Symphony" cartoons, including "The Skeleton
       | Dance".
       | 
       | Not a bad year at all!
        
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