[HN Gopher] Who can claim Aristotle?
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       Who can claim Aristotle?
        
       Author : sillybilly
       Score  : 62 points
       Date   : 2024-11-28 20:23 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (aeon.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (aeon.co)
        
       | cafard wrote:
       | In "The Perfect Critic", T.S. Eliot wrote that "Aristotle is a
       | person who has suffered from the adherence of persons who must be
       | regarded less as his disciples than as his votaries. One must be
       | firmly distrustful of accepting Aristotle in a canonical spirit;
       | this is to lose the whole living force of him."
       | 
       | I find it curious to see no mention of one rather large
       | institution, the Roman Catholic Church, which for about a century
       | regarded St. Thomas Aquinas as its official theologian and
       | philosopher; and of course Aquinas drew heavily on Aristotle. I
       | have no idea, though, whether neo-Scholasticism persists as a
       | major influence.
       | 
       | A number of British philosophers of the last century engaged with
       | Aristotle's ethical writing: Foote, Hampshire, Kenny, and
       | McIntyre come to mind.
        
         | Boogie_Man wrote:
         | The Catholic Church does retain elements of Aristotelian
         | metaphysics in its theology. A great example is the Catholic
         | teaching of transubstantiation, wherein subject and accident
         | terminology is utilized to explain how bread and wine become
         | the body and blood of Christ while retaining the
         | characteristics of the original elements. Church history is
         | fascinating, even if one isn't a Christian.
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | The bit about how many angels can dance on the head of a pin
           | also becomes more interesting after one realises the question
           | was not one of determining some finite number, but finite or
           | infinite -- do angels* have volume?
           | 
           | (I don't think theologians distinguished countable infinities
           | from other infinities; that's much more recent, right?)
           | 
           | * this is probably also a lesson that, before spending a
           | thousand years arguing over whether class C has property P or
           | not, it might be wise to demonstrate, first, that C is indeed
           | inhabited?
        
       | jumpoddly wrote:
       | Interesting perspective.
       | 
       | I've always had a distaste for Aristotle, preferring Plato, but
       | after reading this I'm wondering if that stemmed more from the
       | additional lens of the person introducing him to me.
       | 
       | Might have to revisit his work as my older self.
        
         | throw0101d wrote:
         | A decent argument can be made that most of modern life is based
         | of Aristotle's metaphysics:
         | 
         | * https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/43277412-aristotle-s-
         | rev...
         | 
         | And that most 'Western values' are basically Christian in
         | origin (with an undercurrent of Aristotle):
         | 
         | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_(Holland_book)
         | 
         | *
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_WEIRDest_People_in_the_Wor...
         | 
         | MacIntyre argues that when it comes to ethics, the only two
         | viable options are Aristotle or Nietzsche:
         | 
         | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After_Virtue
         | 
         | Certainly Plato is influential, but he doesn't seem to have any
         | _practical_ use in day-to-day life.
        
           | jumpoddly wrote:
           | Interesting reads, thanks
           | 
           | I think the broadest most practical day to day knowledge
           | stems from Plato, nee Socrates, "I do not think I know what I
           | do not know"
        
             | mbivert wrote:
             | There are so many ways to practically apply Plato.
             | 
             | The simplicity of his elocution, his use of systematic
             | pauses when communicating -- that's a common advice given
             | to contemporary speakers -- the relevancy of the cycle of
             | political systems, that ancient Greeks were first taught
             | sports and music to acquire psychological balance, a
             | necessary prerequisite to efficient further studies, etc.
             | 
             | Having knowledge of Plato & other old fellows, almost feels
             | like cheating at life: it equips ones mind with knowledge
             | and skills that has been deemed worthy by enough humans to
             | help it endure for millennia.
             | 
             | The people who don't know about them can't fathom how much
             | they miss.
        
       | throw0101d wrote:
       | Worth a reminder that we don't have to do all-or-nothing.
       | Aristotle has some good/useful points ( _eudaimonia_ ) and some
       | that we probably want to leave behind (slavery).
        
         | whatever1 wrote:
         | We never left slavery behind, we just moved it overseas.
        
           | jumpoddly wrote:
           | And equally abhorrently, as the 13th amendment and now
           | California can attest, to the incarcerated
           | 
           | > Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as
           | punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly
           | convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place
           | subject to their jurisdiction.
           | 
           | "Californians voted against outlawing slavery. Why did
           | proposition 6 fail?"
           | 
           | https://www.kqed.org/news/12013392/californians-voted-
           | agains...
        
       | ChocMontePy wrote:
       | I think Aristotle had the greatest mind of any human who ever
       | lived.
       | 
       | The older I get the more I realize that there are a thousand true
       | and intelligent things you can say about any topic. Magazines,
       | journals, and libraries are full to the brim of intelligent
       | people writing intelligent things. But an extremely minuscule
       | portion of that huge mass is made of writing that gets right to
       | the heart of the matter.
       | 
       | And Aristotle is the writer I've encountered the most who
       | constantly gets right to the essence or core of what he's
       | discussing, moving past the trivialities and the unessential to
       | illuminate deep truths in a logical way. It's why a short essay
       | like his Poetics--which in many ways is a limited work for the
       | modern day because it deals wiih a very specific type of ancient
       | literature--is still pored over by modern writers and
       | screenwriters because of the deep dramatic truths it lays out.
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | On the other hand deification of Aristotle's intellect and
         | thought hampered the development of physics for almost 1500
         | years.
        
           | hackandthink wrote:
           | You may be interested in:
           | 
           | "Aristotle's Physics: a Physicist's Look"
           | 
           | My take is that it was hard to find a better theory, the
           | usual explanation of scholastical dogmatism is to shallow.
           | 
           | https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.4057
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | Insofar as that's true, it isn't a fact about Aristotle, it's
           | a fact about the mindset of scholars who came after him.
        
             | lukan wrote:
             | Well, their mindset evolved at least partly around the
             | question, how far they can go with free thinking, before
             | making the transition to free burning.
        
           | geye1234 wrote:
           | This is not (really) true. Well there's an element of truth
           | in it, but only an element.
           | 
           | European philosophy was not really Aristotelian until the re-
           | arrival of his work in the 12C, so it's hardly fair to
           | 'blame' him for the lack of scientific development that
           | period. When it did arrive, it was _extremely_ controversial,
           | and it took the genius of Aquinas (and even then, only just)
           | for Aristotle to be accepted in Christian thought.
           | 
           | In the 17C, there was a much greater interest in quantitative
           | methods than there had been previously. And some of his
           | physics was obviously found to be wrong. But there was no
           | discovery (and remains no discovery) that falsified broad
           | swathes of his work. The change of interest and focus was far
           | more important in the progress of what we now call science
           | than the supposed rejection of Aristotle.
           | 
           | This is described in E.A. Burtt's Metaphysical Foundations of
           | Modern Science.
           | 
           | Pre-modern people were far more interested in living a
           | morally good life (a happy life, in the Aristotelian sense of
           | the word) than they were in controlling nature. That changed
           | in the 17C.
        
         | optimalsolver wrote:
         | Great mind? I don't think so.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_slavery
        
           | cgh wrote:
           | This is addressed in the article.
        
             | optimalsolver wrote:
             | Addressed how? Just a meek claim that Artistotle may have
             | been misinterpreted. Meek because the author knowingly
             | can't argue with Aristotle's own stringent defense of the
             | "right kind" of slavery.
        
         | mykowebhn wrote:
         | I agree. Look, for example, at his work on Logic, especially
         | Categories, On Interpretation, and the Prior and Posterior
         | Analytics.
         | 
         | Of course, the fields of Philosophical and Mathematical Logic
         | have advanced since Aristotle, especially starting with the
         | work of Frege, but that took approximately 2000 years. And
         | before Aristotle, no work on Logic came close to what Aristotle
         | discovered and developed. Aristotle's work on Logic was sui
         | generis and hardly any advancement in logic occurred until
         | Frege 2000 years later.
         | 
         | I feel his work in Logic alone makes him one of the greatest
         | minds who ever lived. That doesn't take into account his
         | contributions in other areas of philosophy, which were also
         | significant.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | His ideas provide a useful filter with words personal qualities,
       | and the moderation of virtues in Nichomchean Ethics pretty much
       | describes what it means when we say someone is 'honest.' it's a
       | foundational read, along with the stoics.
       | 
       | the provocative aspect of Aristotle today is that for people who
       | see themselves as not on the level of citizens and who reject
       | being compared by the virtues he (and later, aquinas)
       | articulated, the judgment implies they are somehow moral or
       | spiritual fugitives from it. if I'm not patient, friendly,
       | magnanimous, courageous, charitable, ambitious, truthful, etc, am
       | I really an inferior or less worthy person? according to who? in
       | that sense, the current concept of intersectionality is a kind of
       | secular re-blessing of people marginalized by those values so as
       | to organize them into a movement to dismantle this dominion of
       | judgment by ancient virtues. viewed this way, Aristotle's values
       | and how they support a conceptual moral "kingdom of god" are this
       | movements shared enemy. I get that normal people want to see
       | these things as just human progress vs. quaint old ideas, and not
       | view the value of Aristotle today through the lens of
       | eschatology, but if one did, it illuminates some aspects that
       | should raise at least some eyebrows.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | Ask HN: What's a favored translation these days?
        
           | seeknotfind wrote:
           | Penguin Classics edition of Nichomachean Ethics has a great
           | introduction and is very readable.
        
           | asimpletune wrote:
           | The best comes from Hackett publishing.
        
           | cybersoyuz wrote:
           | A recent translation by Bartlett and Collins has extensive
           | notes and reflects up-to-date scholarship. https://press.uchi
           | cago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo113934...
        
         | geye1234 wrote:
         | > if I'm not patient, friendly, magnanimous, courageous,
         | charitable, ambitious, truthful, etc, am I really an inferior
         | or less worthy person?
         | 
         | Not in your essence. All people are equal in their essence. But
         | it's better to be a person who's truthful than a person who
         | constantly lies. So in that sense, a truthful person is better
         | than a liar.
         | 
         | Anyway, the beauty is that anyone can attain these virtues.
         | It's very, very hard work, but even the pursuit brings very
         | great joy.
         | 
         | (Being 'ambitious' is not a virtue, btw :-) )
        
         | chambers wrote:
         | Another fascinating comment by motohagiography.
         | 
         | However, I think the movement is less a rebellion of the few,
         | and more the unbelief of the many. That is, people don't
         | believe the benefit to being virtuous outweighs the cost.
         | 
         | Which is completely rational. Traditional virtue requires self-
         | sacrifice and is impossible to sustain. The social capital the
         | world gives in return is not enough to make it worth it.
         | Rather, people need deep spiritual, even otherworldly, beliefs
         | to make meeting high moral standards rational.
         | 
         | However those beliefs are unscientific and anathema to our age
         | which pathologizes our soul as a mental health concern. This
         | abasement leaves only the surface, physical attributes of a
         | person as items of virtue: their skin and their flesh, their
         | race and their sex. In this way, moral frameworks that assert a
         | "deep down" appear ungrounded, whereas frameworks that make a
         | virtue out of a person's skin color and taste for flesh look
         | grounded and real.
        
       | kouru225 wrote:
       | Aristotles obsession with logos is a problem that we're all still
       | dealing with ngl
        
       | openrisk wrote:
       | Its quite difficult to rationalize and demystify the depth of
       | Ancient Greek thought and Aristotle is probably the best
       | embodiment of that conundrum.
       | 
       | It would be quite an educational breakthrough if we could
       | actually _feel_ how and why there was this peak moment in
       | intellectual inquiry, why it did not persist, why it emerged
       | again but only millennia afterwards and whether it may again
       | vanish as we drift into digitally intermediated dark ages.
        
       | istjohn wrote:
       | Given that everything that Aristotle said that we can empirically
       | test has been found to be nonsense, any ongoing relevance he
       | might have to any modern field of inquiry just shows how unmoored
       | that field of inquiry is from any actual knowledge.
        
       | alganet wrote:
       | > He often features as a darling of Right-wing ideologues
       | 
       | Ideology will be the end of us all.
        
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