[HN Gopher] Engineering Sleep
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Engineering Sleep
        
       Author : amin
       Score  : 327 points
       Date   : 2024-11-30 04:33 UTC (18 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (minjunes.ai)
 (TXT) w3m dump (minjunes.ai)
        
       | necovek wrote:
       | How about -- instead of making sleep more "efficient" -- we
       | engineer our lives to provide decent amount of sleep and _not_
       | stress over having more and more of the waking hours to _do_
       | stuff.
       | 
       | After all, we live in the _age of abundance_.
       | 
       | (Though I admit I might not be the best person to ask for this as
       | I am on the lower end of how much sleep I need)
        
         | yMEyUyNE1 wrote:
         | How about engineering the society/civilization(?)/world so that
         | "all can" work hard (8hrs), rest hard (8hrs), live hard (8hrs)
         | and die hard when the eventuality arrives?
        
         | alfiedotwtf wrote:
         | Not sure why almostlit's reply is grey and dead (sorry I can't
         | even ote to resurrect it).
        
         | doganugurlu wrote:
         | We could be sleeping less to do more fun stuff, no?
        
           | djtango wrote:
           | Don't know why you got downvoted for this. My whole life I
           | have been shaving my sleep time to try to cram more of what I
           | _want_ to do into my day. I used to wake up an extra couple
           | of hours before school so I could squeeze in extra gaming
           | time. On holiday I regularly sacrifice sleep to extreme
           | levels to do more.
           | 
           | This isn't some kind of box ticking behaviour with its roots
           | originating from toxic hustle culture, simply the adverse
           | effects of sleep deprivation don't outweigh my enjoyment of
           | things. And when my sleep debt finally catches up with me, I
           | sleep my heart's delight.
           | 
           | From experience, I have friends who share in my world view
           | and threshold for sacrificing sleep for pleasure and I have
           | met people who think are mortified by this behaviour. My
           | immediate family are all willing to sacrifice sleep on the
           | drop of the hat notably - waking up at the crack of dawn to
           | send/accompany someone to the airport is simply modus
           | operandi. My wife is very keen to protect her sleep on the
           | flipside and so when we travel together our decision
           | frameworks need to accommodate both MOs
           | 
           | Ironically sometimes I'm most protective of my sleep during
           | the weekly grind (and also training for fitness) because then
           | my performance matters. If my only short term downside is
           | discomfort from fatigue, I'll regularly trade that for more
           | "uptime"
        
             | necovek wrote:
             | I hear you, but the thing is, what do you achieve by
             | "cramming" more "doing" in? Do you also switch to those
             | nutrient rich powder meals to save an extra hour or two
             | prepping and eating food too?
             | 
             | Are not all of those things that could be optimized away an
             | opportunity to let yourself feel, relax and simply _be_?
             | 
             | The examples you bring up (like waking early to do
             | something for someone you care about) has nothing to do
             | with the topic of engineering for consistently reduced
             | sleep, imho.
        
           | necovek wrote:
           | I never said we couldn't and I did not refer only to work:
           | it's still the wrong goal in my mind.
           | 
           | "Fun" is usually defined as something providing instant
           | gratification (through hormonal response), though there is
           | fun in retrospect too ("I was scared like shit, that was
           | fun"). And while it's nothing to sneeze at and we should
           | always have some, you can achieve the similar with different
           | medications or narcotics (if the goal is "have more fun").
           | 
           | But I wouldn't optimize for that: we can achieve plenty in
           | our lives, including having plenty of fun, by just being
           | ourselves.
           | 
           | As in, get the sleep you need. Do the work you must and the
           | work you enjoy. Have the fun you want.
           | 
           | While our lifetimes are short, they are not that short. Even
           | if we got 10% more of the waking hours, that won't be the
           | thing that makes your life worthwhile or not. If you spent
           | the other 90% making it worthwhile, that'll do.
           | 
           | But if you must, go for it!
        
       | awinter-py wrote:
       | I read nancy kress / beggars in spain as a teenager and get such
       | an eerie vibe from short sleeper research
       | 
       | but also let's go, if a giraffe can sleep 2 hours so can I
        
       | worksonmymach wrote:
       | Why is it not a survival advantage? Probably because we didn't
       | work 18 hour days, the extra wakeness would just be used for
       | rest.
       | 
       | Night shifts that anyone can do are still needed if you need
       | tribal watchers, and normal 8hr sleeping people can wake upnand
       | fight when needed.
       | 
       | In terms of the gene, I am suprised how rare it is (90 families?)
       | given I have met someone who needs only 4hr sleep.
       | 
       | Another point is less sleep doesn't mean you can do 2 more hours
       | work a day. That is another vector: how much work per day
       | (physical, mental) can be done.
        
         | hgomersall wrote:
         | There's a plausible hypothesis that sleep is the thing that
         | evolved precisely to stop us doing things for any more time
         | than is strictly necessary. That is, sleeping is safe.
        
           | grues-dinner wrote:
           | Yes, but evolution didn't account for the need for those TPS
           | reports to be ready by tomorrow morning and Bob over there is
           | already 48 hours into his shift (don't worry he's on salary,
           | the overtime is free).
        
           | jlpom wrote:
           | I don't think any serious biologists agree with it. There is
           | a hard physiological need to repair cellular damage from
           | metabolism, UV (this a big deal in unicellular species), etc.
           | If this theory was correct, and it is possible to do it
           | entirely while awake, there would be species (apex predators
           | in particular) that would have evolved without the need for
           | it, like everything that is not a hard requirement. But this
           | is not the case.
        
             | hgomersall wrote:
             | There must far more to it than that. As soon as sleep is a
             | thing, it can be optimised for different goals. Since
             | animals have widely varying sleep requirements, there's
             | clearly some evolutionary factor that influences sleep
             | length.
             | 
             | That is, though sleep might have physiological
             | requirements, it doesn't mean that the amount of sleep is
             | not influenced by non physiological effects.
             | 
             | I'm constantly amazed by the ability of biologists to be
             | amazed by the reach and ingenuity of evolution.
        
         | toenail wrote:
         | > Why is it not a survival advantage?
         | 
         | Because you're more likely to hurt yourself while doing
         | anything in the dark?
        
           | Barrin92 wrote:
           | The primary reason is that calories used to be a very
           | valuable commodity to come by and predators expend a lot of
           | them when they're hunting or exploring, which includes us
           | humans. Also the reason cats nap a lot.
        
         | dotancohen wrote:
         | Only 90 medically identified families. The condition is
         | probably far more likely than just those medically identified.
         | And people typically do not mention abnormalities that
         | positively affect them to their doctors.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _Why is it not a survival advantage?_
         | 
         | "All organisms occupy a niche, and the better adapted to that
         | niche, the more 'fit' and the more likely that organism will
         | reproduce, passing on the characteristics that fit that
         | particular niche. While we may simplistically think of each
         | organism occupying a single niche, realistically nearly all
         | occupy at least two. Daytime and nighttime are different and
         | distinct niches, creating an evolutionary push and pull that
         | would make a perfect 'fit' impossible. Evolutionarily, being
         | forced to evolve into two separate niches at the same time
         | forces an organism to develop structures and functions that fit
         | neither fully" [1].
         | 
         | We didn't evolve for a world with artificial lighting.
         | 
         | [1] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7120898/
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | The night niche doesn't require artificial lighting though.
           | 
           | Moonlight can be enough to have a decent understanding of
           | one's surroundings, and then there's more than vision to
           | navigate and be active. We wouldn't need a full species level
           | evolution to be good at night life.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Moonlight can be enough to have a decent understanding
             | of one 's surroundings, and then there's more than vision
             | to navigate and be active_
             | 
             | Decent for us. Great for our predators and prey.
             | 
             | > _We wouldn 't need a full species level evolution to be
             | good at night life._
             | 
             | The point of the article, which granted is a hypothesis, is
             | that the adaptations it would take to be good at night
             | would make us no more than good during the day. Nature has
             | clearly selected against jack of all trades species.
        
               | makeitdouble wrote:
               | On the day/night balance, I was looking at cats as an
               | example of a species that sleeps in smaller chunks and
               | splits activity all around night and day.
               | 
               | Reading the article I thought there should be more weight
               | given to behaviors different from sleep to adapt to the
               | other niche, and also that being perfectly adapted to a
               | niche doesn't sound like a benefit in the first place. My
               | understanding is that most species have an evolution
               | process slow enough that they never completely fit a
               | niche but also have enough versatility to move around.
               | 
               | I'm thinking dogs, bears, crows, racoons, migratory birds
               | etc. where adaptation happens, but not to a degree they
               | can't move out from their niche.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _I was looking at cats as an example of a species that
               | sleeps in smaller chunks and splits activity all around
               | night and day_
               | 
               | Cats are crepuscular. The niche hypothesis predicts
               | they'd sleep most of the day and night.
               | 
               | > _not to a degree they can 't move out from their niche_
               | 
               | No animal I know of _can 't_ survive outside its time
               | niche.
        
       | nosefurhairdo wrote:
       | For the afficionados, there's an excellent paper titled "The
       | neurobiological basis of narcolepsy" published in Nature Reviews
       | Neuroscience which examines the relationship between orexin and
       | sleep as it relates to narcolepsy patients:
       | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6492289/
       | 
       | In narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), patients have severely diminished
       | orexin levels. This appears to cause them to inappropriately
       | enter REM sleep.
       | 
       | OP notes that the mutation lowering the sleep requirement causes
       | an increase in orexin. I wonder whether the increased orexin
       | could be inhibiting REM and perhaps facilitating a more restful
       | architecture of sleep. Alternatively, perhaps elevated orexin
       | levels during the day cause wakefulness such that you just don't
       | need as much sleep, regardless of how efficient the sleep is.
       | 
       | It would be interesting to compare sleep tracking data of people
       | with and without this mutation to see if there are significant
       | differences in time spent in different sleep stages.
        
         | jlpom wrote:
         | > Alternatively, perhaps elevated orexin levels during the day
         | cause wakefulness such that you just don't need as much sleep,
         | regardless of how efficient the sleep is.
         | 
         | As noted elsewhere ITT, there is a strong biological need for
         | sleep, and its main role is very likely to reduce reactive
         | oxygen species (though the amount needed vary by genetics)
         | Orexin levels increase the noradrenaline ones, which is one of
         | the few antioxidants able to reach neurons (along with
         | melatonin) and by this way also increase slow wave sleep,
         | making it more efficient. So yes, this could be a way they
         | would need less sleep.
        
       | almostlit wrote:
       | If there was in fact a safe pathway to only needing 2 hours of
       | sleep I would 100% use it and consider it a zero to one
       | innovation. Although I think it would also come with a lot of
       | pushback. One of my favourite questions to ask people is "if
       | there was a way that allowed you to not sleep and be completely
       | fine, would you take it?". Surprisingly (or maybe not) most
       | people will answer no and say they like sleep to much.
       | 
       | I think most people aren't trying to squeeze the maximum amount
       | of time efficiency from their day. They don't like sleep because
       | they need it, they like sleep because its synonymous to relaxing.
       | So less sleep means less relaxing.
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | I like sleep for several reasons, I like to cuddle with my
         | spouse, I like a set amount of time where I don't have to think
         | or worry about anything, and I love dreaming.
         | 
         | Of these, only dreaming strictly needs sleep, however, I think
         | the healing that occurs in deep sleep should be added as a
         | need.
         | 
         | And according to my smartwatch, I spend around 2 hours dreaming
         | and 1 hour in deep sleep each night, although this varies quite
         | a bit night to night. I don't think trying to reduce these is a
         | good idea.
         | 
         | That means light sleep is the candidate for reduction. However,
         | I have researched this before and the most consistent answer I
         | get is that we don't really know what the 5 hours spent in
         | light sleep is for. It seems unlikely that it's just for
         | conserving energy, the body rarely does things for only one
         | reason.
         | 
         | So my bet is that we might find a way to reduce light sleep by
         | around 2 hours a night, which is what this article is
         | suggesting. But it's unlikely that we'll go much further
         | without causing problems. And even if someone does discover a
         | way, there's no way I'd try it without at least a few decades
         | of evidence that it doesn't cause Alzheimer's or some other old
         | age disease.
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | Count me in with you - I'd definitely say "yes" to less sleep.
         | But, if it were a general invention, I don't think it would
         | work as well as you say. Beyond the usual economics issue[0],
         | for me the value of not sleeping is entirely conditioned on
         | _everyone else sleeping_.
         | 
         | It's not that I don't like to sleep. It's that I also like me-
         | time, autonomy, lack of other people's demands or expectations,
         | and the only time to get that is when most people are sleeping,
         | so the house is quiet and I can be sure no one will randomly
         | want something from me[2]. Relaxation, unwinding, deep
         | thinking, self-actualization are all competing with sleep for
         | that limited amount of time. Everyone else not sleeping would
         | cut into that for me.
         | 
         | --
         | 
         | [0] - Any generally available trick or change that allows
         | someone to get ahead economically, quickly becomes a
         | _requirement_. See e.g. working longer, coffee, cars, double-
         | income households, increasingly also stimulant meds. It 's a
         | textbook Red Queen's Race[1]. "Less sleep" would be so profound
         | a win that it would turn from "hack" into global standard
         | pretty much in an instant.
         | 
         | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Queen%27s_race
         | 
         | [2] - Because of strong societal expectations of behavior, such
         | as not calling or bothering people past 20:00-22:00.
        
         | tokinonagare wrote:
         | You may take it and be happy, but what is more likely to happen
         | is workplaces enforcing 18/h workday (because hey, people don't
         | need to sleep much anymore) so most are forced to take it and
         | work more for not much salary raise. I bet such evolution would
         | lead to a even hardcore exploitation of humans and I don't want
         | to live in such a world.
        
       | gardenhedge wrote:
       | I wonder if this would give full energy/mental capacity with 4
       | hours sleep after drinking alcohol
        
         | almost_usual wrote:
         | Alcohol suppresses REM sleep, I'd imagine folks with FNSS would
         | get the same quantity of sleep with much worse quality.
        
       | colordrops wrote:
       | My first reaction is to wonder what the downside of such a gene
       | is. Perhaps there is no downside for the individuals that have
       | it, but these individuals serve a particular purpose to the
       | greater civilization and lack other capabilities that benefit
       | humanity as a whole. If there is a trade-off perhaps it is not at
       | the individual level.
       | 
       | Maybe it's similar to the idea that we can just eradicate
       | mosquitos with no negative effects. Is that really true?
        
       | alfiedotwtf wrote:
       | I wonder it I have this...
       | 
       | Both my parents go to bed around 1am and wake up at 7am, and so
       | did all of my grandparents. My kids on weekends go to bed around
       | 1-2am as well but do sleep in, and my average is about 4-5 hours
       | a night...
       | 
       | As for me, I've had sleep issues all my life and found the only
       | way to fall asleep within 20 minutes is to stay up until
       | exhaustion. But lately I've been gaining back my time and pushing
       | even further - once every one or two weeks I'll skip a night of
       | sleeping, staying up around 36 hours straight. I've been doing
       | this for a few months now and have zero side effects so far. In
       | fact I end up sleeping over 10 hours the next day without waking
       | up in the middle (which /never/ happens otherwise).
        
         | lloeki wrote:
         | Sleep starting late + driving to exhaustion + occasional night
         | skipping then catchup sounds almost like DSPD:
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed_sleep_phase_disorder
         | 
         | That one sleeps 4-5h per night also sounds like one
         | light/deep/REM sleep cycle, of which there would typically be
         | two in an idealised 8h-ish "night".
         | 
         | There are hypotheses out there that a single 8h block of sleep
         | is a myth - possibly socially induced by industrialisation and
         | 3x8 shifts - and that waking up in the middle of these 8h is a
         | normal thing.
         | 
         | "waking up" here may mean anything from near-consciousness
         | sleep to actually waking up and possibly do shit for an hour
         | then going back to bed; or even for some, splitting sleep in
         | two 4-hour blocks spread around the 24h day.
         | 
         | In parent's post it _may_ be that one 4h block is done, then
         | social pressure (work /child schedules) pushes one to continue
         | with this one-block schedule.
         | 
         | It may even look appealing as triggering sleep through
         | exhaustion superficially appears to help with sleep in the
         | short term. Long term it gets exhausting but this perceptually
         | becomes the new normal, especially when the symptoms of this
         | kind of sleep deprivation aren't that obviously tied to sleep
         | habits, the naively expected ones being masked by external
         | pressure (schedule), habit bias (normalisation of deviance
         | through repetition), exogenic (alcohol, caffeine, nicotine) or
         | endogenic (adrenalin, cortisol, dopamine).
         | 
         | The main problem is then that by the time symptoms are
         | impacting the situation is deeply anchored; worse, because the
         | root cause is non-obvious it is often misdiagnosed.
         | 
         | Don't ask me how I know.
         | 
         | Also, not a physician, just saying: take care.
        
       | pella wrote:
       | A Gut Bacteria" is also a rather interesting approach to solving
       | sleep problems. Does anyone have experience related to this?
       | 
       |  _" The company ( FitBiomics ) has already commercialized two
       | products. Their flagship offering, V*Nella, helps metabolize
       | lactic acid and reduce fatigue, while Nella targets sleep health
       | - a crucial market considering that 100 million Americans suffer
       | from insomnia. "Within 10 to 14 days of daily consumption,
       | consumers feel the difference," Scheiman notes. "They have less
       | daily fatigue interfering with their daily life, more energy, and
       | some people are tracking cardiovascular benefits on their
       | wearables. We hear really cool anecdotal feedback like, 'Hey, I
       | no longer have to take a nap in the middle of the day, or I no
       | longer need coffee in the middle of the day.'"_
       | 
       | https://archive.md/XOmx5#selection-827.0-839.405
        
         | rkallos wrote:
         | I experienced a similar change (more energy and steadier energy
         | levels throughout the day) after switching to a plant-based
         | diet, which has been shown to change one's gut microbiome over
         | a few weeks.
        
       | naming_the_user wrote:
       | I'm not really convinced that removing the need for sleep would
       | result in me being more productive primarily because I'm not an
       | always-on computer.
       | 
       | The average day for me has huge differences in terms of my
       | productivity at any given moment. I need downtime anyway, if I
       | didn't sleep I believe that I'd end up vegging out in some way
       | because I'm not doing 24 hours of flashcards.
       | 
       | The discussions on here also always seem to centre around a very
       | stereotypical "I am a vat for my brain" way of thinking.
       | Realistically whilst sleeping other things are going on, muscles
       | are recovering, digestive processes are going on, other forms of
       | growing, etc, it's not just the brain.
       | 
       | There are also things like circadian rhythm, sunshine, etc. I
       | woke up early today and had a few hours of darkness, I can feel
       | my mood and brainpower improving as the sun rises.
       | 
       | We are not bots, this stuff is analogue.
        
         | mlyle wrote:
         | Yah, but if you needed 2 hours less of sleep, there'd still be
         | myriad advantages.
         | 
         | Times when it's not possible to get enough sleep: you'd be less
         | sleep-deprived.
         | 
         | And, if it's truly without negative side effects: maybe you get
         | 20 minutes more useful time per day _and_ increase your ratio
         | of conscious relaxation to useful time. I 'd call that a pretty
         | big win.
        
           | naming_the_user wrote:
           | It's interesting but I feel as if the discussion is a bit
           | flawed because it feels very binary, i.e. sleep 8 hours =
           | have 16 hours non sleep, sleep 6 hours = have 18 hours non
           | sleep, and we assume that each hour is the same regardless,
           | but it won't be.
           | 
           | It feels a bit like - well could I engineer myself to require
           | 1500 calories a day instead of 2000. Maybe. But as a result
           | there would definitely be some downside, maybe I'd be less
           | physically strong, or have less endurance, or have a bit less
           | processing power, or have to rest more, etc. If we straight
           | up designed a more efficient body, then I'd rather keep
           | eating 2k and be "more powerful", or maybe I'd go to 4k!
           | 
           | Maybe I can sleep for 2 fewer hours and retain the same or
           | more productivity. Or maybe I could sleep for the full amount
           | of hours but be more well rested and as a result be more
           | productive in the awake time. That sort of thing.
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | Yah -- note that I didn't posit that things would be the
             | same at the margin (120 minutes more conscious time without
             | other downsides yields only 16% of "useful" time and
             | assumes the rest goes to minimally useful relaxation and
             | recreation).
             | 
             | > There is no free lunch.
             | 
             | Selective pressure and evolution are pretty good at
             | optimizing... but not perfect. What they optimized for,
             | also, is not quality of life in the modern world. It's
             | likely there are a whole lot of free lunches available, or
             | at least big wins with relatively low opportunity costs.
             | 
             | It's certainly not great to discard potential improvements
             | because of an assumption that what we have must be optimum.
        
               | naming_the_user wrote:
               | Sorry, I edited my post a bit so what you've quoted isn't
               | there any more but I agree fully with what you're saying.
               | 
               | I guess what would be cool is being able to play with the
               | sliders. People already do this in other ways, for
               | example people at the extreme end of bodybuilding or
               | strongman are almost certainlhy explicitly shortening
               | their lifespans for a shorter term benefit, calorie
               | restriction looks like it lets you go the other way, etc.
               | 
               | Maybe you could even fiddle and have 16 hours of sleep
               | and overclock your brain for the other 8 being super-
               | intelligent, lol.
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | It might make sense to just drop the term optimization
               | when discussing natural selection.
               | 
               | It's not like "Natural Selection" was given an ecological
               | niche and optimized from scratch the being for that
               | niche. That mental model implies there's not much to be
               | done and any changes would produce a less useful product.
               | 
               | A more apt term would be "Refactored" or even "Patched".
               | 
               | It's more like a giant ugly legacy software system was
               | added to, and the result was just enough to keep going in
               | the new system.
               | 
               | I like that analogy better because it implies: 1. There
               | is room for optimization, and 2. Any minor change is
               | likely to break things far away due to the continuous re-
               | patching and legacy cruft. Both of which seem correct.
        
               | iterateoften wrote:
               | > "Natural Selection" was given an ecological niche and
               | optimized from scratch the being for that niche
               | 
               | I think you are conflating natural selection the process
               | with organisms that are a result of natural selection.
               | 
               | Natural selection isn't a process that is intentionally
               | made by anyone, but a way we describe a simplified model
               | slew of complex processes.
               | 
               | Also conflated is what you are optimizing for. The only
               | thing natural selection optimizes for is survival. That's
               | it. Nothing else matters expect which individuals survive
               | long enough to pass their genes to the next generation.
               | As a result niches develop and as each generation
               | survives compared to their peers their survival
               | strategies are optimized.
               | 
               | Optimization perfectly describes what is happening to the
               | survivability and reproduction of certain genes.
               | 
               | You appear to be working backwards. That there was a
               | niche and evolution somehow crafted an organism to fit
               | that niche. That is misleading. Genes replicate, and in a
               | certain context some genes survived and replicated better
               | than in some other context. So genes evolved in that new
               | context creating a niche.
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | You're right about the mechanism of course, but the
               | language and mental model I see over and over is that it
               | a bespoke optimization that ignores the fact that it was
               | incremental changes, and that some adaptations are no
               | longer beneficial because they were created for an
               | environment that no longer exists.
               | 
               | I'd like to deprecate that mental model.
        
             | mewpmewp2 wrote:
             | Unless there's some huge evolutionary inefficiency that can
             | be artificially hacked. But it's a big if. If there was it
             | would be possible to get some benefits without significant
             | or no downsides.
        
         | Kiro wrote:
         | > I woke up early today and had a few hours of darkness, I can
         | feel my mood and brainpower improving as the sun rises
         | 
         | I can't relate at all. Where I live the days are consumed by
         | darkness in the winter and I see no effect on my mood or
         | brainpower.
        
           | mewpmewp2 wrote:
           | You don't? I'm also in an area with mostly darkness in the
           | winter and I have to say I do feel depressed, and I wish it
           | was always summer. I think it's the worst aspects about my
           | location. Otherwise I think it's great.
           | 
           | From the name I assume you are from Finland, which I am not,
           | but supposedly Finnish people are the happiest in the World -
           | which I'm not sure if it's actually true. The joke is that
           | every Finnish person after seeing the study wonders why they
           | are the only unhappy one.
        
         | trallnag wrote:
         | If sunlight improves your mood, add more lights to your place?
         | Around my desk where I spend a lot of my time I have lights
         | with a combined power of 150 watts and it's noticeable
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | Productivity is irrelevant: when you have young children, any
         | given amount of time where you can be awake and functional is
         | incredibly valuable - particularly if it works outside the
         | hours your children sleep.
         | 
         | Like I'll settle for "tired but no accruing sleep debt".
        
           | naming_the_user wrote:
           | Are we assuming then that you're not treating the children?
           | Because otherwise they just sleep less as well and now you're
           | back to square one.
           | 
           | I suppose you can full dystopia it, go the other way, make
           | them need 12-16 hours a sleep a day whilst you only need 4 ;)
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | I mean I also don't give my son caffeine (because he's 2)
             | so this seems like a reasonable assumption.
             | 
             | Teenagers stay up too late anyway so I'd say this sort of
             | thing would be a good way to hopefully reduce the effects
             | of sleep deprivation.
        
               | rekado wrote:
               | Teenagers have to get up too early. Teenagers experience
               | a shift in their circadian rhythm and also require more
               | sleep than before puberty. School schedules do not
               | account for this shift.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | Not treating the children will only level the playing
             | field. My two daughters, 5yo and 3.5yo, both sleep from "as
             | late as they can get away with" to "about an hour earlier
             | than parents would like to wake up".
             | 
             | Also, whoever came up with the idea of nap hour in
             | kindergartens has a special circle of hell reserved for
             | them.
        
       | clumsysmurf wrote:
       | Recently this came up on sleep deprivation :
       | 
       | "preemptive administration of low-dose aspirin during sleep
       | restriction reduced pro-inflammatory responses. Specifically,
       | aspirin reduced interleukin-6 expression and COX-1/COX-2 double
       | positive cells in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes, as
       | well as C-reactive protein serum levels."
       | 
       | "aspirin-induced reduction of inflammatory pathway activity in
       | sleep-restricted participants was paralleled by decreased wake
       | after sleep onset and increased sleep efficiency during recovery
       | sleep"
       | 
       | But, bleeding and strokes :(
       | 
       | https://medicalxpress.com/news/2024-06-dose-aspirin-inflamma...
        
       | killjoywashere wrote:
       | > The UCSF group hypothesizes that this elevated level of orexin
       | expression partially explains reduced sleep
       | 
       | So, one possible line of investigation would be a table of
       | mammals, their sleep cycles, their orexin levels, and the numbers
       | of copies of orexin and it's regulators in their genomes. For
       | example: compared to humans, elephants have a lower cancer risk.
       | Turns out they have significantly more copies of p53, a tumor
       | supressor gene (1).
       | 
       | Perhaps a similar, somewhat parallel construct exists: elephants
       | sleep 3-4 hours a night. Maybe they have more orexin? Maybe they
       | have different copy numbers or mutations of the relevant genes in
       | the pathway?
       | 
       | (1) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5061548/
        
       | abhaynayar wrote:
       | Love the writing-style. Quite "to-the-point", without any fluff,
       | and with a nice flow and purpose.
        
       | lokimedes wrote:
       | As above, so below. These lines of thinking sees sleep as a
       | hygiene factor for maintaining bio stasis. We also process
       | experiences and "simulate" effects of potential actions in the
       | waking state. These "software-level" sleep activities seems less
       | quantifiable in terms of sleep-time efficiency. If I get an
       | evolutionary advantage from better consolidated experiences
       | through longer dream sessions, how would that compare with more
       | "face-time" with lions and famines in my waking state? There is a
       | nasty "all things being equal" fallacy hidden in this line of
       | thinking.
        
       | sinuhe69 wrote:
       | My question is, if sleeping less (with FNSS) offers so much
       | advantage, why haven't we all evolved to sleep less with FNSS? If
       | a mutation offers a distinct advantage, natural selection will
       | force us to adopt it sooner or later.
        
         | dinoqqq wrote:
         | There is a theory that sleeping more hours was not a
         | determining factor in survival [1]. Homo sapiens mitigated
         | sleeping on the ground as a risk by sleeping in groups.
         | 
         | > However, too much deep sleep is dangerous. REM is the stage
         | of sleep in which we experience dreams, so our muscles become
         | paralyzed to avoid acting out these dreams. In his "social
         | sleep hypothesis," Samson suggests that our ancestors mitigated
         | the risk of deep sleep by sleeping in large groups with at
         | least one person on guard.
         | 
         | > "Human camps are like a snail's shell. They can pick it up
         | and move it around with them," Samson says. Our ancestral
         | hunter-gatherers might have slept in groups of 15 to 20 around
         | a campfire, taking turns staying awake and watching over the
         | others.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/the-strange-
         | sl...
        
         | m0llusk wrote:
         | Humans already sleep far less than other mammals, so that seems
         | to be the case. It also might be evidence that attempting to
         | get by with less has costs. Sleep debt has a range of troubling
         | symptoms including psychosis, so risks involved in
         | experimentation are significant.
        
       | globular-toast wrote:
       | I've always wanted to reduce my sleep requirement. These days I
       | naturally sleep for 8 hours. It's not completely wasted; my brain
       | often figures out difficult problems while I sleep. But if I
       | could do something relaxing like playing a game or socialising
       | instead that would be great.
       | 
       | I did try polyphasic sleep when I was younger but it didn't work
       | out. Having my sleeping patterns so far off the standard made me
       | really unhappy.
        
         | rramadass wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42281618
        
       | exmadscientist wrote:
       | Hey, discussion of orexin receptor stuff! As someone with
       | clinically-diagnosed insomnia, I've been lucky enough
       | to/unfortunate enough to have to try the orexin receptor
       | antagonist sleep aids for a while. As recent, on-patent drugs,
       | they are very, _very_ expensive ($360 /month was the number
       | marked on the receipt slip, not that that means much in the US; I
       | certainly wasn't paying that)... and they work. They really,
       | really do work. I was prescribed them because I tried _every
       | single other class of_ sleep aid on the market and they were
       | mostly ineffective, had massive side effects, or were benzos
       | (temazepam: best sleep of my life, but better not use it for
       | longer than a month!).
       | 
       | This stuff? Orexin receptor antagonists? They work. Holy crap, do
       | they ever work. Sleep quality better than the Z-drugs, great
       | tolerability, no massive disruption going off them... when these
       | things go off-patent they're going to be massive. Sleep quality
       | was not perfect (maybe 80% of "normal"? I don't know) but that is
       | absolutely minor compared to the alternative.
       | 
       | (And for the record, I'm off them now due to other stuff clearing
       | up such that I don't need this level of sleep assistance anymore.
       | Not because I can't afford them.)
       | 
       | I guess that's a long-winded way to say that if you're going to
       | do questionably-advised sleep biohacking, orexin receptors are
       | probably the place to start.
        
         | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
         | >(And for the record, I'm off them now due to other stuff
         | clearing up such that I don't need this level of sleep
         | assistance anymore. Not because I can't afford them.)
         | 
         | If it was available over the counter for, say, $50/month -- do
         | you think you would be taking it just for the improved sleep
         | quality?
         | 
         | Also, what was the specific name of the drug you had such a
         | good experience with?
        
           | smallnix wrote:
           | Afaiu exmadscientist said their sleep quality improved in the
           | context of their condition, but still worse than a healthy
           | person's sleep:
           | 
           | > Sleep quality was not perfect (maybe 80% of "normal"? I
           | don't know)
        
             | exmadscientist wrote:
             | Yes, it was noticably lower quality than "good normal
             | sleep" (80%?). Better than I got on eszopiclone (60%?) or
             | zolpidem (40%??), worse than trazodone (90+%, but woke up
             | every day like I'd been hit in the head with a frying pan)
             | or temazepam (150%! amazing! but tolerance within a month
             | and then addiction soon after if one is stupid enough to
             | push back on a benzo, so no good).
        
         | zkelvin wrote:
         | How long have you been taking them? I've heard that an almost
         | universal side effect is terrifying night paralysis on
         | occasion. Have you experienced that yet?
        
           | thelastparadise wrote:
           | Yeah, this is is true. I've been taking for 3 months now
           | --best consistent sleep of my life, but definitely
           | occasionally the most terrifying sleep paralysis I've ever
           | experienced, or even heard of.
           | 
           | I know it sounds ridiculous, but ~1-2 nights of absolute
           | terror per week is totally worth it compared to how it used
           | to be (getting maybe ~1 good night of sleep every couple
           | weeks.)
        
             | cj wrote:
             | Is it intended to be used daily or do you get the "only use
             | very sparingly" advice typical of prescription sleep aids?
        
               | currymj wrote:
               | website marketing materials for Quviviq make a big deal
               | that it should be used daily for best results.
        
           | gavinray wrote:
           | I've been prescribed both available Orexin antagonists
           | (Daridorexant and Suvorexant) for insomnia.
           | 
           | They work very well for me and I've noticed no side effects.
           | 
           | I've been taking them about 2-3 years now.
           | 
           | FWIW, I found Dayvigo to work better than Quviviq but they
           | both do the job.
        
           | exmadscientist wrote:
           | I did not experience night paralysis while using lemborexant.
           | 
           | I can think of a few reasons I might have avoided it, but who
           | knows for sure. I wasn't on it that long (about a year? not
           | going to look it up), I as a general rule do not remember my
           | dreams unless I'm interrupted, the underlying cause of my
           | total insomnia was pharmalogical, I've always had some level
           | of sleep disorder, I've been on every other sort of sleep
           | aid, I used it with melatonin... who really knows.
        
         | jlpom wrote:
         | For me they significantly increase REM, it seems at the cost of
         | slow wave sleep. (this is logical as orexin agonism prevent REM
         | sleep)
        
         | rsyring wrote:
         | > As recent, on-patent drugs, they are very, very expensive
         | ($360/month...
         | 
         | Expensive is always relative to one's income. But, to put that
         | number into perspective relative to another medication given
         | for a good night's sleep:
         | 
         | I'm the parent of a narcoleptic. The meds to get a good night's
         | sleep, Xyrem, are in the $15k / month range. The recently
         | approved generics are 1/2 that.
        
           | raducu wrote:
           | > Xyrem, are in the $15k.
           | 
           | Xyrem is basically GHB? A 500 ml bottle of GBL used to be
           | what, 50 euros?
           | 
           | I know the medication is pharmeceutical grade, but are these
           | people insane?
        
             | juliusgeo wrote:
             | Xyrem is just the brand name for GHB. The company that
             | currently owns the rights (Jazz Pharmaceuticals) pled
             | guilty to felony misbranding in 2011, and in 2013 raised
             | the price by 841%. More recently, in 2017, they sued
             | multiple other companies attempting to produce generics,
             | before settling on an exclusive licensing agreement with
             | one of them. Ironically the headline on their website is
             | "Improving Patients' Lives", but I imagine they aren't
             | reducing the price because Xyrem makes up 74% of total
             | sales [1]. The entire thing reeks of PE--tons of
             | acquisitions.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_Pharmaceuticals
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Is it really possible? Taking 16 waking hours to 20 waking hours
       | would make my 40 remaining years into 50 remaining year
       | equivalent. I will attend to this.
        
         | rramadass wrote:
         | No, don't. Sleep is fundamental to everything else and hence
         | messing with it is never advisable. Some resources;
         | 
         | 1) Neuroscience of Sleep -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience_of_sleep
         | 
         | 2) Sleep Epigenetics -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_epigenetics
         | 
         | 3) Sleep deprivation -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_deprivation
         | 
         | 4) Familial natural short sleep -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_natural_short_sleep
        
       | benreesman wrote:
       | I'll admit I didn't read TFA.
       | 
       | Some combination of the title and the submission domain triggered
       | my tick even more than usual around the use of "AI".
       | 
       | It's extremely unlikely that I'll regard any artifact as
       | artificially intelligent if the broader context fails a pretty
       | low bar for intelligence of any kind.
        
         | benreesman wrote:
         | Please tell me Foubners Fund is a gigaparsec from this before I
         | become the Unabomber.
        
         | kthejoker2 wrote:
         | The article is very real and human written and highly
         | intelligent regardless of its merits.
         | 
         | So a bit of a false positive for your mental model.
        
       | stared wrote:
       | > Familial Natural Short Sleep (FNSS), a benign mutation that
       | allows them to sleep 1-2 hours less than the recommended 7-9
       | hours, without experiencing the negative effects of sleep
       | deprivation.
       | 
       | Sleep deprivation is one concern, but there's a more subtle
       | impact on cognitive functions (working memory, creativity, deep
       | focus), overall health (particularly the endocrine and immune
       | systems), and long-term health outcomes (such as an increased
       | risk of dementia).
       | 
       | When I was younger, I was fascinated by various optimized sleep
       | schedules. However, I noticed a stark contrast: many of my math
       | friends consistently slept 9-10 hours a day. They needed that--
       | not just to function in daily life but to achieve the deep focus
       | required for their work. Living on less sleep might not affect
       | immediate action (and in some cases, it might even seem to
       | enhance focus on doing), but it can impair deeper, more complex
       | thinking.
       | 
       | Some suggest that one of sleep's key roles is to help the brain
       | regenerate. Chronic sleep deprivation, in turn, is linked to a
       | higher risk of dementia. For anecdotal evidence: Churchill and
       | Thatcher, known for boasting about sleeping only 4-5 hours a
       | night, experienced significant cognitive decline later in life.
        
         | djtango wrote:
         | This is true, I was neighbours with one of the top
         | mathematicians in my uni and he slept what felt like an
         | excessive amount everyday.
         | 
         | I definitely underperformed academically due to sleep
         | deprivation and I probably benefited greatly during my revision
         | period because I had a very strong sleep routine.
         | 
         | That said, I entered my final exam having only slept probably
         | less than two hours and that was 100% the right call because
         | the extra cramming was necessary and drove the needle
         | significantly.
        
           | vacuity wrote:
           | Sleep deprivation affects many different things, some of
           | which are salvageable with stimulants like caffeine, and
           | certain functions are fairly unaffected. Exams that can be
           | solved mostly with rote memorization are less impacted by
           | sleep deprivation than exams that require spontaneous
           | creativity. In any case, glad to know it went well for you!
        
             | consf wrote:
             | It's funny how we sometimes don't notice the toll until
             | after we've recovered
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | > When I was younger, I was fascinated by various optimized
         | sleep schedules.
         | 
         | I was also fascinated with alternate sleep schedules when I was
         | younger. Some of the books and biohackers of the time made them
         | sound like magical ways to get more hours out of the day.
         | 
         | Then every single experience report I found that was not coming
         | from someone trying to sell me a book or get me to subscribe to
         | their newsletter, YouTube, or other social media was extremely
         | negative. Nobody who tried these had continued them very long.
         | After going back to regular sleep schedules they felt
         | significantly better. A common report was that they didn't
         | realize how badly sleep deprived they were until they stopped
         | the alternate sleep schedule and went back to normal sleep.
         | 
         | A lot of the sleep biohacking reports follow a similar trend:
         | People who try alternate methods of minimizing sleep don't
         | realize the negative effects until they quit. This is also true
         | for people who rely on stimulants (caffeine or stronger) which
         | mask feelings of sleep deprivation but can't actually reverse
         | the negative effects of sleep deprivation.
        
           | consf wrote:
           | I thought that it could be a superpower of productivity...
        
         | euroderf wrote:
         | > I noticed a stark contrast: many of my math friends
         | consistently slept 9-10 hours a day.
         | 
         | I'm curious, in order to reach this duration, did they need to
         | do some kind of exercise at some point in the day, to gain
         | physical fatigue ? Or could they sleep this long whilst being
         | (I exaggerate here) couch potatoes ?
        
           | mettamage wrote:
           | Being able to just sleep 10 hours every day seems like an
           | unfair advantage.
        
             | consf wrote:
             | But maybe they have to sacrifice time for other things
        
             | maleldil wrote:
             | Why would it be an advantage? Aren't you "losing time"?
             | 
             | I need 10 hours every day, so even if I go to bed at 10pm,
             | I'd wake up at 8am, which is "late" for most people.
             | 
             | I'd love to be able to wake up at 6am, but just can't. It
             | doesn't feel like an advantage.
        
               | cortesoft wrote:
               | > I'd love to be able to wake up at 6am, but just can't.
               | 
               | What does "just can't" mean, exactly? Just curious,
               | because I felt that way, too, until I had a newborn and
               | was forced to wake up with less sleep and discovered it
               | was physically possible. Still felt awful all day, but it
               | was possible.
        
               | maleldil wrote:
               | I meant that I can't sleep 8 hours and feel rested. If
               | I'm forced to sleep less than I need, I'd be sleepy and
               | tired all day. Taking a nap helps but isn't always
               | possible, and is even less time efficient.
        
         | consf wrote:
         | I went through a phase where I thought I could optimize my
         | sleep, too. But over time, I realized I wasn't actually as
         | sharp or productive as I felt in the moment.
        
         | blueblimp wrote:
         | > many of my math friends consistently slept 9-10 hours a day.
         | 
         | Anecdotally, I've noticed an association between long sleeping
         | and math ability in particular, so this doesn't surprise me. I
         | wonder if it's been studied scientifically.
        
         | tonyedgecombe wrote:
         | I remember reading that Thatcher used to nap regularly
         | throughout the day. She probably got more sleep than was stated
         | at the time.
        
       | kator wrote:
       | This article makes me want to get a DNA test. In my family, it's
       | very common to sleep in the six-hour range. I personally sleep
       | from 10 pm to 4:25 am every day, often waking up around 4:15 am
       | before my watch vibrates to wake me.
       | 
       | If I sleep eight hours, I feel groggy, jet-lagged, and generally
       | have a day where I'm slogging through molasses to get from one
       | task to the next.
       | 
       | My wife has raised concerns about my sleep pattern, so I started
       | using sleep-tracking tools like Fitbit and, more recently, an
       | Apple Watch. She tracks her sleep too, and the big difference
       | we've noticed is that I fall asleep within about two minutes, and
       | my "sleep efficiency" using these tools is 98%. If I'm traveling
       | and feel a bit jet-lagged, I can take a 20-minute nap (often
       | without an alarm) and wake up feeling refreshed. She also seems
       | to wake up a lot, most nights I "sleep like a log" and I only
       | wakeup in the morning.
       | 
       | My mother has the same pattern but stays up later and sleeps
       | about six hours into the morning. I used to do this too, but
       | around age 23, I switched to an earlier bedtime and a consistent
       | daily routine. When I became a "morning person," I found I could
       | code like crazy in the morning before "starting" my day, and this
       | rewarding experience reinforced the habit.
       | 
       | I've tested this pattern in many ways, including not using an
       | alarm (I still wake up around the same time for weeks at a time)
       | and using a "light clock" I built with a Raspberry Pi to slowly
       | brighten the room. Again, I wake up after roughly 6 hours and 20
       | minutes. Now, I use my Apple Watch to vibrate as a gentle
       | reminder to start the day. On weekends, I keep the same schedule
       | and use the extra time to read or hack away at side projects,
       | often coding until the late afternoon when my wife protests
       | enough that I need to stop and hang out or do my honey-do's.
       | 
       | About 10 years ago, during my annual checkup, my wife asked my
       | doctor about this sleep pattern. The doctor asked me several
       | questions, seemingly looking for signs of sleep deficit or
       | dysfunction. In the end, he said I could do a sleep study but
       | concluded, "If it works, don't break it."
       | 
       | As for productivity, I've found I can code effectively from 4:30
       | am to 8:30 am, then shower and work from 9 am to 6 pm without
       | much trouble. I also practice intermittent fasting, typically
       | eating only at 6 pm, with a protein shake around noon. This habit
       | happened by accident--I realized breakfast slowed me down, and
       | eating lots of carbs impaired my cognitive function and ability
       | to code or handle complex tasks in the morning.
       | 
       | Before you ask, I generally don't use caffeine or other
       | stimulants. Occasionally, I'll have one cup of coffee around 9 am
       | as a social habit, but I recently stopped that again and actually
       | feel better. I'll most likely drop it again for a while until it
       | sneaks back in again.
        
       | m0llusk wrote:
       | Kind of tangential, but some time ago now passed famous sleep
       | researcher William Dement gave a presentation at Google TechTalks
       | about healthy sleep and optimal performance that is a good
       | overall review of what we know about sleep:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hAw1z8GdE8
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | Cool!
       | 
       | Next solve going to the toilet and we're all set.
        
       | cmiller1 wrote:
       | They talk about the people achieving full mental capacity with
       | less sleep, but are there any studies on physical recovery in
       | people with FNSS? Do they also experience improved rate of
       | exercise recovery and muscle growth during sleep?
        
       | yapyap wrote:
       | This paper totally ignores the human aspect of sleeping, there is
       | a habit to it.
       | 
       | If we were able to be awake 20 hours a day we may still be
       | miserable because of factors like the sun being down for ane even
       | longer time while we're awake.
       | 
       | I feel like this is one of those inane pursuits for productivity
       | where that doesn't fit at all, at least not for the thinking
       | jobs. Maybe in a dystopia big companies like amazon would use
       | inventions like this to be able to let their employees work 20
       | hour work days or something.
       | 
       | Of course this shouldn't discredit the linked article of being
       | interesting or anything, just sharing my thoughts on the endless
       | pursuit of productivity.
        
         | xandrius wrote:
         | Many people spend a lot of time awake during the darker hours
         | and not everyone is miserable. I actually enjoy both, so if I
         | could operate 20h a day without any harm or loss, it would be a
         | net win for sure (and I also love sleeping).
        
         | kthejoker2 wrote:
         | The article is neutral on the impacts of needing less sleep.
         | It's not proposing an increase in productivity or how to use
         | more waking hours.
         | 
         | Its main raison d'etre is we're all sleep deprived so
         | engineering less sleep may provide health and wellness
         | benefits.
        
         | jevogel wrote:
         | If you're required to work 8 hours a day, 5 days a week,
         | gaining an extra hour or two per day could go toward leisure or
         | recreation or exercise. Or maybe you're already sleeping only
         | 6.25 hours a night, but it is having negative health and mood
         | effects, and eliminating those negatives could improve quality
         | of life without detracting from waking time.
        
       | muzster wrote:
       | not all hours sleep/awake hours are equal - for example, I may be
       | more work productive late at night, a better listener/learner in
       | the mornings and better sleeper post meals, in the bath tub,
       | travelling (my kids used to love falling asleep in the car).
       | 
       | Wonder if we could engineer multiple sleep intervals through out
       | the single day (e.g. power napping, siesta's). There is plenty of
       | dead time for me during the day that could be swapped out for
       | sleep.. the question is at what cost to the body & mind?
       | 
       | Just a thought.
        
       | baq wrote:
       | I'm not convinced we need to engineer sleep in the general
       | population. Once shorter sleep times are available to everyone,
       | they'll be expected and then simply assumed just as cars are
       | right now in most of the US.
        
         | wizzwizz4 wrote:
         | It is very important to ensure that society _does not work this
         | way_.
        
         | quotemstr wrote:
         | Your argument works just as well for eyeglasses. Was inventing
         | eyeglasses a mistake?
        
           | baq wrote:
           | You're confusing glasses with sight and besides the analogy
           | would be not vs glasses, but vs some kind of cyber eye
           | implant.
        
       | dooglius wrote:
       | There is a good reason why this would be selected against by
       | evolution: being awake increases metabolic rate--how many
       | calories you use every day. Humans have only had abundant food
       | availability for a short time, not long enough for evolution to
       | adapt.
        
       | wslh wrote:
       | COVID affected my sleep, but I wouldn't classify it as "long
       | COVID" Does anyone have interesting insights or resources about
       | this? I've found a references, but HN is one of the best
       | resources to ask for this.
       | 
       | It seems to improve over time, and I don't have any trouble
       | napping during the day. However, my main issue is fragmented
       | sleep: I wake up a few times at night but can fall back asleep
       | easily. I used to sleep continuously, so I'm curious about what
       | part of the brain this could be affecting and how can this be
       | changed. I tried melatonin [1] in different dosages, from extra
       | low to relatively high.
       | 
       | I'm fairly certain COVID was the cause since the symptoms
       | coincided with the infection. Of course, statistically speaking,
       | it could be a coincidence involving other factors, but I'm not
       | planning to dive into a PhD analysis of it, yet!
       | 
       | [1] https://gwern.net/melatonin
        
         | bsamuels wrote:
         | had the same thing coincide with covid, but much harder to fall
         | asleep once disrupted. Melatonin only seems to last for an hour
         | or so, so I would take one to go back to sleep after a
         | disruption
        
           | wslh wrote:
           | Thank you very much for the tip. I will try it out for a
           | month, and let you know how it works.
        
       | righthand wrote:
       | > Getting a bad night of sleep now and then is annoying, but not
       | a health risk. However, chronic poor sleep may increase the
       | likelihood of developing dementia, heart disease, type 2
       | diabetes, obesity and even cancers of the breast, colon, ovaries
       | and prostate. [0]
       | 
       | [0] https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-
       | preventi...
       | 
       | Is it entirely possible that yes you can get 2 hours less sleep,
       | but you're at higher risk of developing dementia, heart disease,
       | type 2 diabetes, etc.? I don't see anything discussing long term
       | effects of less sleep in comparison in TFA.
        
         | kthejoker2 wrote:
         | There's a whole section in TFA called "too good to be true?"
         | Which calls this out but says we don't have enough data to know
        
           | righthand wrote:
           | > Instead, the risks are concentrated in medium to long term
           | health of individuals who undergo therapy. As of now, we
           | simply don't have enough data to profile risk factors. More
           | experiments are needed to know if "FNSS for all" is too good
           | to be true.
           | 
           | > Which calls this out but says we don't have enough data to
           | know
           | 
           | I don't know if that is true, that section to me reads as we
           | don't know if there are long term effects with FNSS therapy
           | because they haven't been study yet, specifically to the
           | therapy. Not necessarily how FNSS or FNSS therapy is related
           | to other sleep health studies.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | It's notable that almost every animal sleeps in some way, even
       | organisms that are away from sunlight (ie. creatures that live
       | underground).
       | 
       | If you sleep 30% of the time, that's 30% of the time you aren't
       | eating, mating, etc. Also, during sleep you are more vulnerable
       | to predators. One would expect evolution to get rid of sleep in
       | creatures who don't rely on sunlight cycles.
       | 
       | So, there must be some _really_ good evolutionary reason for
       | sleep.
        
         | jlpom wrote:
         | Repairing cellular damage (mitochondrial and main DNA) from
         | oxidation thanks to slower metabolism is the main reason. On a
         | side note taking vitamin E (an antioxidant that passes the
         | blood-brain barrier) seems to have slightly reduced the need
         | for sleep for me.
        
         | ajsisbckjx wrote:
         | > So, there must be some really good evolutionary reason for
         | sleep.
         | 
         | Is this how evolution works? Might it be that animals sleeping
         | is good on the macro level but bad for the animal?
        
           | jampekka wrote:
           | I don't know why this is downvoted. It's entirely feasible
           | that weaknesses in a species (or its individuals) may be
           | beneficial for the ecosystem and hence survival of the
           | species in the long term.
           | 
           | E.g. rabbit population being culled by predators may prevent
           | the rabbits from eating their feed plants to extinction.
        
           | dahart wrote:
           | Parent is suggesting that sleeping must be good on the macro
           | level. That does imply that it must also be good for the
           | animal, right? In order to statistically benefit the
           | population, the benefits to any given animal must
           | statistically outweigh the costs. It can't be all bad for all
           | animals and still be good for the whole.
           | 
           | But sleep can be partially bad for some animals, they can be
           | more prone to becoming prey while sleeping (though Google
           | tells me sleep also prevents nighttime activity where
           | predators have the advantage). There are definitely
           | evolutionary adaptations around sleep to make it safer,
           | sleeping in trees, sleep patterns & duration, hypnic jerk,
           | etc.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _during sleep you are more vulnerable to predators_
         | 
         | Marine mammals sleep unihemispherally [1]. Land mammals can
         | burrow, _et cetera_ , which explains why predation and injury
         | risk _decrease_ during sleep. (Counterfactual:  "large animals
         | that are not at risk for predation, such as big cats and bears,
         | can sleep for long periods, often in unprotected sites and
         | appear to sleep deeply" ( _Id._ ).
         | 
         | [1] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4948738/
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://www.semel.ucla.edu/sites/default/files/publications/...
        
         | carlosjobim wrote:
         | You've got it backwards, the awake part of life is the
         | sacrifice all living beings have to make to support the primary
         | function of dreaming.
        
           | gavmor wrote:
           | This is a fun thought experiment, but our working definition
           | of life is something along the lines of heritable
           | metabolizing, which dreaming doesn't so obviously serve.
        
         | shepherdjerred wrote:
         | I don't think this is necessarily true. Is there some really
         | important reason many animals have brains in their head (versus
         | elsewhere in their body), or is it that many species happen to
         | be derived from some ancestor who had that trait.
         | 
         | Another way to ask this would be how much of a benefit would be
         | not sleeping? It's difficult to preserve food, but I guess
         | there is no limit on how much energy you can expend pursuing a
         | mate.
        
       | kthejoker2 wrote:
       | The Taylorism (and eugenics) people would have a field day with
       | this.
       | 
       | Are there any good sci fi stories or novels on reducing or
       | eliminating sleep through better chemistry?
       | 
       | Given the impetus of the article is we're all chronically sleep
       | deprived, I wonder what kind of (Swiftian?) political solution
       | there might be to collectively improving sleep health.
       | 
       | Certainly the current commercial solution is drugs and lots of
       | them.
        
         | mbb70 wrote:
         | "Beggars in Spain" is exactly this and worth the read. There is
         | a book and a short story but as usual, the short story packs
         | more punch.
        
       | ranprieur wrote:
       | > it's not a desire but a necessity.
       | 
       | Speak for yourself. I love sleep and wish I could sleep more.
       | Sometimes I think the only purpose of being awake is to get food
       | and shelter for more sleep.
        
         | codr7 wrote:
         | Same, but waking up is very painful, I just want to go back to
         | wherever.
        
       | thepuppet33r wrote:
       | I did a lot of sleep hacking in college, trying to sleep as
       | little as possible so that I could spend time with friends, play
       | video games, and (ostensibly) study.
       | 
       | Now that I'm working a job where I do overnight deployments,
       | often work 12-14 hours days, and have a couple of kids who don't
       | sleep well, I hate my past self for not sleeping while he could.
       | You never know when circumstances will drive you into unplanned
       | sleep deprivation. Doing it to yourself for low-to-mid-level time
       | gains isn't worth it.
        
         | mettamage wrote:
         | This is one of the bigger failures of modern society. This
         | information should've been pervasive but back then it wasn't.
         | It arguably still isn't, perhaps for the highly educated.
         | 
         | Back when I studied (15 years ago), if I knew that I'd have the
         | short-term memory issues that I do now, I'd never have done
         | what I did just in order to study longer.
        
       | pedalpete wrote:
       | I work in the sleep space, particularly enhancing slow-wave sleep
       | - the synchronous firing of neurons which define deep sleep, the
       | most restorative and vital component of sleep.
       | 
       | Only focusing on the amount of time asleep is a significantly
       | limited viewpoint, but I believe this will change in the coming
       | years as we gather more knowledge of sleep and access to EEG data
       | about our brain activity during sleep increases.
       | 
       | Only measuring sleep time is like measuring the health of a
       | persons diet is by measuring how much time they spent eating, but
       | of course, looking at macronutrients, calories, is the right way
       | of doing it.
       | 
       | I'll be writing more about this in the coming months, but my
       | current thinking is that the concept of "can we sleep less" isn't
       | the correct approach, and can be dangerous. At
       | AffectableSleep.com - we increase the efficiency of deep sleep,
       | and much of the research (https://affectablesleep.com/research)
       | focuses on enhancing deep sleep in sleep deprived individuals
       | (I'll post more research soon). This doesn't mean we should be
       | sleeping less. A lack of quality sleep is already an epidemic in
       | society, and massively underreported because the focus of the
       | sleep industry has been the amount of time asleep, not the
       | restorative functions of sleep.
       | 
       | Our goal isn't to help you sleep less, and we will need to be
       | very clear in our marketing, but rather to ensure the sleep you
       | get is as restorative as possible.
       | 
       | Of course, like any technology, some people will use it for
       | negative purposes, which I believe would be to just "get by" on
       | less sleep, rather than optimize your health through better
       | sleep.
       | 
       | You can find out more at https://affectablesleep.com
        
         | FooBarWidget wrote:
         | Your /research link doesn't work.
         | 
         | It seems your company produces a deep sleep headband. I'm
         | interested in these sorts of products because I want more deep
         | sleep (for myself, and for family) while lifestyle factors
         | (mostly kids) make that very difficult.
         | 
         | The last product I tried was the Philips deep sleep headband
         | (which, unfortunately, never appeared in Netherlands, I had to
         | import it from the US even though Philips is a Dutch company).
         | 
         | The main problem I had was that the headband is not compatible
         | with ear plugs. Without ear plus, I get woken up very easily,
         | either by outside traffic or by people in the household going
         | to the toilet. The sound insulation in my house is terrible,
         | and it cannot be improved short of tearing down all the walls
         | and rebuilding them. So now I use a pair of really good ear
         | plugs, _and_ I also put a noise cancelling head phone over that
         | to block out extra sounds.
         | 
         | Would it be possible to combine a deep sleep headband with a
         | good ear plug? Or better: would it be possible to combine with
         | that, _and_ also noise cancelling headphones?
        
           | pedalpete wrote:
           | Our headband uses bone conduction speaker within the headband
           | which sits in the middle of your forehead. Absolutely ear
           | plugs are compatible. Wearing headphones _should_ be fine,
           | there is nothing in, covering, or near your ears.
           | 
           | Sorry for the wrong link, the page is "science" not
           | "research", I'll create a redirect, I often type that wrong.
           | https://www.affectablesleep.com/science
           | 
           | I'd be keen to hear about your experience with the Philips
           | product. We've spoken to some of their researchers, but I've
           | never met a consumer who had one. We've spoken with many
           | people who had the Dreem headband which had similar
           | technology in some markets (not the US).
           | 
           | You can reach me at pete[at] you know the domain - if you're
           | willing to share your experience.
           | 
           | Thanks
        
       | ein0p wrote:
       | Yeah, optimize yourself to make every available dollar for your
       | corporate / government masters. Or just sleep 8+ hours a night
       | like you're supposed to according to decades of published
       | research. Which way western man/woman?
        
       | iancmceachern wrote:
       | The best advice I ever received, and will give again. It has
       | really served me well.
       | 
       | In the words of John Lennon, let it be.
       | 
       | Sleep when you're tired, work and play when you're not. The
       | constrination and worrying about it, how much time you have for
       | what, etc. is the single biggest driver for the stress and loss
       | of sleep. Let go of that, let if flow, it will.
        
         | klysm wrote:
         | Doesn't work for me, my natural cycle would have me not aligned
         | with the sun and the rest of the world operates aligned with
         | the sun
        
           | iancmceachern wrote:
           | You are not getting what I'm laying down.
           | 
           | I'm not saying this at all.
           | 
           | Have an alarm clock, have a schedule. But don't stress about
           | it or "optimize" it. Just do it.
        
       | joshdavham wrote:
       | > What if they could keep sleeping less, but with no
       | consequences?
       | 
       | This is a super interesting question!
       | 
       | I think one ironic possibility is that people would still sleep
       | deprive themselves, but with even fewer hours of sleep.
        
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