[HN Gopher] The great abandonment: what happens to the natural w...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The great abandonment: what happens to the natural world when
       people disappear?
        
       Author : zeristor
       Score  : 128 points
       Date   : 2024-11-28 07:14 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | scooke wrote:
       | The perspective of the entire article is confused. Abandonment
       | doesn't overcome and infuse something. It's not an action; it is
       | a state. And what happens TO nature? No, what does nature DO when
       | humanity stops what it does to nature. Reclamation, from the
       | proper perspective; abandonment is from the human perspective.
        
         | pololeono wrote:
         | It is all about aesthetics. Humanity is also part of nature.
        
           | falcor84 wrote:
           | As I understand it, it's not about aesthetics per-se, but
           | rather that "nature" is a semantic concept defined by us
           | humans for anything that is outside of the human sphere -
           | i.e. something is "natural" or "out in nature" or "nature's
           | way" if it's what would have been if humans hadn't been
           | involved.
        
           | g8oz wrote:
           | In the manner of an algal bloom, yes.
        
       | jpcom wrote:
       | Covid was a great example of how the natural world returns to
       | harmony when human antagonism via noise/sound pollution and so
       | forth is suddenly halted. I think a lot of dolphins in the sea
       | rejoiced.
        
         | Neil44 wrote:
         | The article actually argues that the idea that nature finds
         | lovely balances if we just get out of the way is not correct. A
         | lot of what we view as stable ecosystems are stable because of
         | our management and influence over millennia. Nature on it's own
         | is not a thing, there are no checks and balances, no intention,
         | no morality. The quote from the article is that nature does not
         | organise it's self into neat parables.
        
           | Der_Einzige wrote:
           | This is called the "baseline" problem among conservationists.
        
             | benchmarkist wrote:
             | Why is it a problem? It's not like people are somehow
             | special. We eat and shit like every other mammal but
             | without us the water and land would not be full of
             | synthetic chemicals and plastics. Seems very obvious to me
             | that human industries change the baseline to a polluted
             | state vs what it would have been without industrial
             | activities. But even without industrial activity the
             | historical record is very clear on the effect that human
             | populations have on the surrounding flora and fauna.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Well, if you want to be optimistic, I think we got coal
               | from lignin/wood being uneatable for hundreds of millions
               | of years (I think).
               | 
               | So wood would stack up, not rot, get covered by dirt and
               | turned into coal due to physical processes, not
               | biological ones.
               | 
               | So coal deposits of the existing magnitudes couldn't be
               | created now.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | I am very optimistic. I don't remember where I read it
               | but whatever remains after the current industrial
               | civilization will not have access to the energy resources
               | necessary for reindustrialization. Might have been
               | Derrick Jensen but I can't remember which book exactly.
        
               | shiroiushi wrote:
               | I have no idea what book might have first explored this
               | idea, but it's a very common theme online whenever this
               | type of discussion comes up: someone will inevitably
               | point out that any post-human-extinction civilization
               | that might evolve on Earth won't have such easy access to
               | energy as we've had.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | It's obvious once you think about what enables our
               | current industrial activity: millions of years of
               | biological growth and sedimentation. But it's all
               | equivalent to solar radiation that was incident on the
               | planet over millions of years which we have burned up in
               | less than a few hundred. Once you understand this basic
               | reality the logical conclusion is very clear and obvious:
               | the current rate of consumption is unsustainable. The
               | obvious next question is what can be done about it but no
               | one wants to think about it so it never gets addressed.
               | Presumably someone higher up the political and economic
               | hierarchy is thinking about it and they will manage
               | things as best as possible but based on how people
               | reacted to COVID lockdowns I'm not sure they know what
               | they're doing.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I think you are missing the point. The "problem" is the
               | question of what you baseline you want humans to restore
               | it to and then actively maintain.
               | 
               | Many people want to restore nature, but the natural state
               | is usually one of flux which is deeply unsatisfying to
               | many advocates of it's restoration.
               | 
               | It is an interesting question.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | Nature is much too complex to fit into people's
               | anthropocentric perspective. Either we dial back the
               | production of industrial poisons or the natural world
               | will continue withering from our consumption of natural
               | resources. The fundamental problem is that industrial
               | activity is unsustainable but it's neither politically
               | nor economically expedient to actually address the root
               | causes of why that's the case.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Sure, but that a complete tangent from the
               | problem/challenge the parent post was talking about and
               | you were attempting to critique.
               | 
               | Your tangent does not negate the point, as it has
               | practical applications for public policy and managing
               | interest groups.
               | 
               | One of my favorite examples to illustrate the challenge
               | is restoration efforts around the Salton Sea. The lake is
               | drying, causing dust, and there is a major environmental
               | movement to restore it. The challenge comes in that the
               | entire lake was created by accident in 1905, so the
               | benchmark for restoration is critical. Restoring it to
               | the dry lakebed of 1904 would not help with fish life and
               | dust reduction. Dial the clock back to 1700, and it was a
               | enormous lake again, but we would have to reroute the
               | entire Colorado River from the current path along the
               | Arizona boarder, because the Colorado river has shifted
               | 200 miles east 300 years ago.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | In any event, good luck with whatever plans you think
               | will restore natural balance. I've made my points as
               | clear as possible.
        
               | lyrr wrote:
               | troll alert
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | yep, or someone engaging with enough bad faith that the
               | distinction makes no difference. I usually give folks the
               | benefit of the doubt once and then move on.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | All my responses are always of utmost sincerity.
        
           | vacuity wrote:
           | So I get the sense that we can be considered part of nature,
           | and however much or little influence we exert is a part of
           | the overall system. It can balance to an extent with our
           | presence and will do so without it.
        
           | KineticLensman wrote:
           | The article doesn't claim that 'nature finds lovely balances
           | if we just get out of the way'. It says
           | 
           | >> Over time, Clements' more sweeping theories were picked
           | apart by fellow botanists. The stable, permanent climax
           | communities he had theorised proved elusive: field studies
           | continued to find ecosystems passing through unpredictable
           | cycles of collapse, regeneration, divergence and stasis.
           | Today, this deterministic version of succession theory is
           | seen as widely debunked. But Clements' vision endured in the
           | popular imagination - sometimes to the frustration of
           | ecologists.
           | 
           | ...
           | 
           | >> To harness the full environmental possibilities offered by
           | the great abandonment will require changing our conception of
           | humanity's relationship to nature, and understanding how our
           | species can benefit ecosystems as well as harm them. It will
           | also require human intention: neglect alone is not enough
        
           | ocschwar wrote:
           | In the 1960s there was a long overdue correction to the
           | Australian constitution because the preamble mentioned the
           | continent's "flora and fauna" in a way that implied
           | Aborigines were part of the "fauna." The wording was grossly
           | racist, and had to be changed because of the politics, but
           | from an ecological standpoint, there was some truth to it.
           | Australia's ecosystems were stable because of how Aborigines
           | interacted with them.
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_and_Fauna_Act_myth
        
               | ocschwar wrote:
               | I stand corrected.
        
           | wruza wrote:
           | Learning about logistic map, phase spaces and attractors
           | helped a lot with understanding the fundamentals of natural
           | evolution. It doesn't really answer any question (akin to
           | Newton laws don't really answer how to build Ford). But it
           | makes you grasp the whole model. It's
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attractor all the way down.
           | 
           | Tldr, things get stable until they aren't and then they may
           | remain unstable for a while, and you never know how, why and
           | how long in general, unless it's something really obvious and
           | measurable.
        
         | ashoeafoot wrote:
         | We are part of the natural world and your natural world is a
         | place of constant savagery.
        
       | cjs_ac wrote:
       | > As populations move and shrink, people are leaving long-
       | occupied places behind. Often they leave everything in place,
       | ready for a return that never comes. In Tyurkmen, Christmas
       | baubles still hang from the curtain rails in empty houses, slowly
       | being wrapped by spiders. In one abandoned home, a porcelain
       | cabinet lay inside a crater of rotted floorboards, plates still
       | stacked above a spare packet of nappies for a visiting
       | grandchild. Occasionally, abandonment happens all at once, when a
       | legal ruling or evacuation sends people scuttling. But mostly, it
       | is haphazard, creeping, unplanned. People just go.
       | 
       | This always confuses me. If I were abandoning my home of my own
       | volition, I'd take my possessions with me.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | Every time I've moved, it involved getting rid of piles of
         | stuff. And my next move will probably be a downsize. I'm
         | already on a mission to get rid of X cubic foot of stuff per
         | year. After helping my mom downsize, I've lost my nostalgia for
         | keeping old stuff around. And my kids want none of it -- they
         | don't know if they will ever own a house, or necessarily what
         | country they'll even live in.
         | 
         | And of course I wonder why stuff piles up. The reasons include
         | laziness and probably a mild hoarding instinct.
        
         | ralph84 wrote:
         | Eventually we all die and our heirs if we have any tend to
         | value our possessions closer to the market rate ($0) than we
         | do.
        
         | Macha wrote:
         | Christmas decorations and nappies both strike me as the sort of
         | thing that would get left behind, they're pretty poor in the
         | value/space tradeoff, not to mention that a lot of these houses
         | were left behind when elderly people died. It's not uncommon
         | for elderly people to have stuff they accumulated over the
         | years, it would not surprise me if there's christmas
         | decorations that have been unused for decades in my
         | grandmother's attic, or nappies that were once for
         | grandchildren that are now adults. In a country where the
         | population is growing, this stuff just gets dumped as the heirs
         | clear out the house to sell, but what are these houses in the
         | middle of nowhere with infrastructure that has crumbled away
         | worth?
        
         | dotinvoke wrote:
         | Those old homes are usually used as storage for things that
         | don't fit into their new, urban homes. The market value and
         | taxes are low, so there's no point in selling.
         | 
         | Then eventually, without realizing, you have gone there for the
         | last time, and there's nothing left to move to your new home.
         | 
         | Alternatively, the last old person who lived in the house dies
         | or goes into a care home, and their kids (if they have any)
         | never find the time to clear out the old place. There's no one
         | to sell it to, anyway, so they have all the time in the world.
        
       | Rygian wrote:
       | Life After People is a TV show that covers some answers to the
       | title, from several points of view.
        
       | wmwmwm wrote:
       | Book recommendation for The World Without Us which explores what
       | might happen if humans vanished overnight:
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Without_Us
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Wikipedia has a list of ghost towns in the United States.[1]
       | 
       | Most rural towns were built to serve surrounding farms and
       | ranches. As farming became less labor-intensive, the need for
       | those towns went away, and the towns slowly died. See
       | "Depopulation of the Great Plains"[2] It's interesting to note
       | that the depopulated area is the best part of the US for wind
       | power. That could work out OK.
       | 
       | Mining towns die when the resource is exhausted. They go fast.
       | 
       | Japan, where the population is rapidly declining, has a large
       | number of empty rural towns. There's an incentive program to get
       | young people to move there, but not many are interested. Because
       | Japan's infrastructure is centrally funded, much of the
       | infrastructure is still maintained in areas with very few people.
       | 
       | Russia has a declining population and entire abandoned cities.
       | Putin is pushing young people to have kids. There's a "Pregnant
       | at 16" TV show in Russia, which has been re-branded to encourage
       | pregnancy.[3]
       | 
       | The countries that are above breakeven (2.1 children per woman)
       | are all in Africa or are dominated by religions which oppress
       | women. And poor.[4] "Peak baby" was in 2013 worldwide.
       | 
       | There are two futures, both bad. "Keep 'em barefoot and
       | pregnant", or "Will the last one to leave please turn out the
       | lights."
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_ghost_towns_in_the_Un...
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depopulation_of_the_Great_Plai...
       | 
       | [3] https://meduza.io/en/feature/2024/11/05/as-russia-targets-
       | ab...
       | 
       | [4]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_fer...
        
         | RestartKernel wrote:
         | [3] is really interesting. I'm not surprised, but it really
         | feels like history is _happening_ when even the mundane starts
         | to reflect it.
        
           | tokioyoyo wrote:
           | I don't think it will work as long as women have access to
           | information and literally anything else to do in life other
           | than making endless babies. I fear there will be a push
           | against women's freedom of choice, once things become dire
           | enough that can't be patched with immigration.
           | 
           | It's just a huge opportunity loss if you talk to any young
           | woman, and they're obviously right. There is no tangible
           | benefit to have more than two children other than "for the
           | humanity!".
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | > I don't think it will work as long as women have access
             | to information and literally anything else to do in life
             | other than making endless babies.
             | 
             | Which has happened in Afghanistan. The Taliban has cracked
             | down.[1] "Our analysis shows that by 2026, the impact of
             | leaving 1.1 million girls out of school and 100,000 women
             | out of university correlates to an increase in early
             | childbearing by 45 per cent."
             | 
             | [1] https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/08/1153151
        
             | JackMorgan wrote:
             | I think if everyone in the country could easily afford a 5
             | bedroom house on one person's salary, and they deeply felt
             | like their kids would grow up safe and healthy environment,
             | we'd have a population explosion. The decline is caused by
             | a population that cannot afford enough and is constantly
             | panicked over global events. Everyone is presented with
             | terror of doom constantly, and squeezed by a major shift of
             | resources from labor to capital holders. The rich get
             | richer, everyone else gets poorer.
             | 
             | A family of rabbits without enough quiet, food, shelter,
             | etc will have hardly any babies. The mother will also eat
             | any babies.
        
               | tokioyoyo wrote:
               | You really think women, on average, would be willing to
               | sacrifice 6+ years at the minimum to have 3 children?
               | It's easy for us, men, to say that. But all my girl
               | friends around my age group (late 20s-early 40s) are
               | generally happy with 0-2 children. Genuinely nothing is
               | stopping them other than "why do I need to make that
               | sacrifice?" question. I will never blame them either,
               | because I would do exactly the same in their place. It is
               | the most logical thing to do. It's either we make women's
               | lives objectively worse, or figure out a way where we can
               | live without everyone going for 3+.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | Dig into what exactly is it they would be sacrificing.
               | The actual day-to-day raising of children is fulfilling
               | and positive. The cost is mostly worries that are partly
               | financial and more social - falling behind in your
               | career, not being able to maintain friendships, not being
               | able to spend enough time with your existing kids, not
               | being able to afford to give your new kids a good
               | childhood, not being able to put all your kids through
               | college, not being able to afford retirement.
        
               | bad_haircut72 wrote:
               | Everyone says this until they have kids, and I think they
               | forget once their kid reaches about 5. I currently have a
               | 1 year old and parenting duties are rough, and we have
               | only one kid and my wife is a stay at home mom, its still
               | super tough and I can absolutely imagine why many women
               | would not want to have to raise children no matter how
               | good the circumstances
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | I have kids and I disagree. I have been the primary
               | parent for much of their lives and an am single parent of
               | a teenager (the other one is an adult).
               | 
               | Its not easy, but its worth it. Far more so that putting
               | long hours into your job.
               | 
               | > I can absolutely imagine why many women would not want
               | to have to raise children no matter how good the
               | circumstances
               | 
               | That sentiment is part of the problem. Why is it still
               | women's work to raise children? Why are there so few stay
               | at home days? Why do couples not sharing parenting
               | equally if both work? Why do not not have more famimly
               | friendly working hours?
               | 
               | We have currently culturally accepted that its OK for
               | women to do traditionally male work, but not for men to
               | take on women's work. That will not work. I think this is
               | unstable and we will have either a reversal (of which I
               | see some signs) or a transition to men taking on more of
               | a role in raising children (which is the better outcome,
               | but I think is less likely because it is so ingrained
               | that they do not).
        
               | tokioyoyo wrote:
               | See, I completely agree with you, but it's one of the
               | "it's a nice thing to say but never really works out".
               | Even in countries with extreme demographic problems (SK
               | and Japan), men still expect the women to take over the
               | main duties of parenthood. And if women know that they'll
               | just burden themselves with multiple kids with not enough
               | support from their partner... why would they do it? Can't
               | blame them, because we might say one thing, but super
               | majority works out differently in practice, so odds are
               | against you.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | I ended up in much the same position, and still think its
               | worth it.
               | 
               | > Even in countries with extreme demographic problems (SK
               | and Japan), men still expect the women to take over the
               | main duties of parenthood.
               | 
               | Maybe that is why they have extreme demographic problems?
               | People choose to have kids for personal reasons, not
               | demographic ones.
               | 
               | Why can we not have that cultural change? We managed the
               | one that allowed women to do men's work? Everyones wins.
               | men get the joy of full participation in their kids
               | lives, women are not landed with all the work, and
               | children get better parenting.
        
               | bad_haircut72 wrote:
               | You misunderstood me, its not just the womens role, we
               | have split the parenting job pretty much down the middle,
               | and we have about as good a situation as a modern family
               | could get - its still very hard on both of us and thats
               | why I can confidently say its a rough job that anyone
               | (women or men) might want to for go.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | You said your wife is a stay at home mum and you have
               | split parenting down the middle. That does not sound
               | consistent to me. That sounds more like traditional
               | roles, so why is to so hard?
               | 
               | I was married to a stay at home mum and did half the
               | parenting, but that meant I was overworked and she was
               | not doing very much. It is one reason I am not married to
               | her any more!
               | 
               | My ideal would be something like both working part time
               | and sharing parenting. I blame governments focused on
               | maximising the workforce and GDP. A lot of parents here
               | in the UK drop kids off at school for breakfast and pick
               | them up after "after school" activities. Not much joy in
               | your kids if you hardly see them/
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | And the cost to a woman's body, during and after
               | pregnancy, including risks?
               | 
               | I know a pregnant woman has been nauseous for 6 months,
               | is on prescription medication for it, and now can barely
               | walk due to symphysis pubic dysfunction. Completely
               | healthy prior to becoming pregnant in terms of BMI/blood
               | sugar/pressure/physical activity/etc
               | 
               | I know many who have had to get a C section, or bed rest,
               | or the kid has issues like allergies, club foot, autism,
               | etc.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | > And the cost to a woman's body, during and after
               | pregnancy, including risks?
               | 
               | Is very real, but significantly lower for later
               | pregnancies, and was generally not something that put
               | people off in more prosperous times, even when medical
               | care was less advanced.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Women only gained rights recently, how could one know
               | that?
               | 
               | There is a 100% correlation with total fertility rates
               | dropping and women's independence.
        
               | tokioyoyo wrote:
               | I think you're not factoring in the other choice - not
               | having kids and not having those problems, lower or later
               | in life. Hanging around with educated women in their
               | 20s/30s, and that's a very real concern.
        
               | Ygg2 wrote:
               | > "why do I need to make that sacrifice?"
               | 
               | No one does need to make that sacrifice, but don't be
               | alarmed when other groups that made that sacrifice start
               | changing world how they see fit.
        
               | tokioyoyo wrote:
               | That's kinda an irrational statement especially towards
               | the ones that had a kid or two, no? Like even
               | statistically speaking, majority in the west does not
               | have 2+ children. So, like, they're more likely to change
               | the world as they fit.
        
               | Ygg2 wrote:
               | I think it's rational if a bit cold.
               | 
               | Subreplacement level fertility is bound to bound to bite
               | you. We don't know of any way to turn subreplacement
               | country (fertility rate < 2.1) into a above replacement
               | country (fertility rate >= 2.1). Just how to mitigate it
               | (immigration). Eventually pools of high fertility will
               | run dry.
               | 
               | Some think that it depends on replacing individualism
               | with some form of collectivism. Some think it's related
               | to hope for future. It's very hard to do any comparison.
        
               | elzbardico wrote:
               | Yeah. It's pretty hard to want to have lots of kids when
               | the whole of the economy is designed to transfer all
               | current productive resources as much as possible to
               | leisure obsessed boomers.
               | 
               | Kind of depressing when you realize you're designing CPUs
               | with billions of transistors and yet you're going to end
               | behind some retired boomer who sold cars just because he
               | got here first and the magic of compound interest
        
               | Enginerrrd wrote:
               | My understanding is that research does not support this
               | position. Something else is likely going on.
        
         | whartung wrote:
         | > Mining towns die when the resource is exhausted. They go
         | fast.
         | 
         | In Nevada/Eastern California there was a railroad that went
         | from the Carson City area down toward Owen's Lake.
         | 
         | The interesting part is if you look at the railroad map, pretty
         | much none of the stops exist anymore. It's a long string of
         | communities that are all long gone from the eastern Owen's
         | Valley.
         | 
         | Even the eventual highways that were to follow ended up coming
         | down the western side of the valley, yet more reason for those
         | late communities to no longer exist.
         | 
         | And it's pretty much all gone. No ghost towns, maybe a few
         | overgrown foundations remnants.
         | 
         | But if you had never seen this railroad map, you'd probably
         | never have any idea this land was occupied at all.
        
           | partomniscient wrote:
           | As an outsider looking-in that caught some of this portrays
           | in Pixar/Disney's animated Cars [1] movies its interesting to
           | reflect upon the parallels with its Route 66 references,
           | which originate from and also culturally impacted us locally
           | [2].
           | 
           | It's also ironic that Route 66 [3] was originally in-and-of
           | itself a bypass.
           | 
           | As someone that predominantly lived in a capital urban city
           | of a nation still expanding rather than contracting,
           | understanding its equivalent occurence in Bulgaria is even
           | more difficult.
           | 
           | [1] https://betweenenglandandiowa.com/2018/02/11/cars-
           | route-66-m...
           | 
           | [2] https://route66.com.au/
           | 
           | [3] https://www.britannica.com/topic/Route-66
        
         | jdlshore wrote:
         | > There are two futures, both bad.
         | 
         | Or, more likely, people are extrapolating from current trends,
         | and those trends won't hold. Not that long ago, people were
         | doing that extrapolation and deciding that overpopulation and
         | worldwide famine were in our future. "The Population Bomb" was
         | a bestselling book along those lines.
         | 
         | The population is likely to shrink, easing strain on resources,
         | and people will look back fondly on "the good old days" when
         | folks had big families. Trends will shift and the population
         | will grow again.
        
           | benchmarkist wrote:
           | It's a self-correcting problem. The people who don't have
           | children select themselves out of the gene pool and are
           | replaced by those who do have children.
        
             | debesyla wrote:
             | It's debatable if choice/want/accident of having children
             | is based on genetics.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | It's a tautology. Replicators which do not replicate do
               | not persist in the environment and so are selected out of
               | the pool of replicators. So whatever genes persist in the
               | environment are tautologically the ones that managed to
               | replicate and persist. The people who do not have
               | children are selecting themselves out of the pool of
               | genes that make copies so will be replaced with ones that
               | do make copies.
               | 
               | If you're talking about environmental pollution and
               | declining fertility because of it then that's something
               | else but even then, those who manage to survive and
               | persist in a polluted environment will be the ones who
               | pass on copies of their genes.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | > It's a tautology. Replicators which do not replicate do
               | not persist in the environment and so are selected out of
               | the pool of replicators. So whatever genes persist in the
               | environment are tautologically the ones that managed to
               | replicate and persist. The people who do not have
               | children are selecting themselves out of the pool of
               | genes that make copies so will be replaced with ones that
               | do make copies
               | 
               | That's.... not how humans work. If people choose to have
               | less children, which has very little to do with their
               | genetics, there are fewer children to replicate, not
               | "replacement" with children who are genetically
               | determined to be fecund.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | Humans are animals and animals which do not replicate are
               | selected out of the gene pool. There is nothing to argue
               | here.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | Nobody is taking issue with the fact that humans that do
               | not replicate do not pass on their genes
               | 
               | They are taking issue with the ludicrous assertion that
               | falling birth rates are "self correcting" because the
               | offspring of people who do replicate are somehow
               | genetically predisposed to have more children to
               | "replace" them.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | Either they'll have children or they won't and the ones
               | who do will replace the ones who don't. It's like I said,
               | whatever people perceive to be a problem is not actually
               | a problem because it corrects itself without any
               | interventions.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | It depends on what you consider the problem to be. I
               | personally didn't think there is a problem, but if you
               | define the problem to be "population decline until there
               | are no people left", your solution doesn't work. Unless
               | maybe you consider other mammals to be people too.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | I haven't defined any problems or solutions but certain
               | people do seem to have defined the problem like you have.
               | What I said specifically was that whatever people
               | perceive to be a problem with the global human population
               | is self-correcting (from a biological perspective)
               | because those who voluntarily choose to not procreate
               | will be replaced by those who are more than happy to have
               | as many children as possible.
               | 
               | If someone has a different perspective on this then they
               | are welcome to make their version of the problem explicit
               | and concrete and explain what exactly they propose as a
               | valid intervention for fixing it. I suspect and am almost
               | certain they have not thought about the issue as
               | rigorously as they think and are simply parroting popular
               | talking points they've seen and heard on social media
               | platforms about the impending collapse of civilization
               | caused by declining birth rates.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | You don't recognize that people can think. You assert
               | that the offspring behave like the parents. You imply
               | that the offspring are defined by their genes. You have
               | no concept of the cultural transmission of ideas. You
               | imagine that looking at everything biologically is
               | correct. Your reasoning is bad, and you should feel bad.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | Not really sure if serious or not but good try anyway.
               | For the record I thought your response was very funny.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | I didn't really mean it, I was channeling Zoidberg from
               | episode 72 of Futurama ("your music's bad, and you should
               | feel bad"). But I do get the impression that you have
               | cloth ears.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | On some days my cloth ears are more dry than on other
               | days so the sounds are more or less muffled depending on
               | ambient conditions.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | The problem is usually reframed as factually accurate
               | claims that the number of people in most countries is
               | below the replacement rate, and thus the number of people
               | over working age swells whilst the number of working age
               | people is set to shrink.
               | 
               | The implications of this may have been exaggerated of
               | course. But it's quite clear that it is not being "self
               | corrected" by the offspring of people who do choose to
               | have more children than the replacement rate being
               | genetically [or culturally] predisposed to breed like
               | rabbits...
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | The elderly vastly outnumbering the working population is
               | a symptom of sudden and drastic population count decline
               | and is a different problem even if it is correlated.
               | 
               | Biology and evolution by definition is determined by
               | those who reproduce offspring, those who do not will be
               | replaced by those who do. Put another way: Generation B
               | and onwards are the offspring of Generation A who
               | reproduced.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | I mean, sudden and drastic population declines are
               | _literally the subject of the thread_.
               | 
               | Or more specifically, that humans in many parts of the
               | world are reproducing at below replacement rate.
               | 
               | Reproduction below replacement rate means that those who
               | do not reproduce offspring are _not_ replaced by the
               | offspring of those who do.
               | 
               | Nobody is arguing that Generation B aren't the offspring
               | of those who reproduced, they're arguing that this detail
               | is essentially irrelevant to how many children Generation
               | B will have and therefore birth rate decline need not be
               | "self correcting" and empirically _isn 't_ in much of the
               | world.
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | I think you're misunderstanding what "replace" means.
               | 
               | Given a long enough time span, everyone alive will be the
               | children of those who reproduced. Generation B will be
               | composed of Generation A reproducers. The world of
               | tomorrow will be owned by those who reproduce today.
        
               | 542354234235 wrote:
               | >Biology and evolution by definition is determined by
               | those who reproduce offspring
               | 
               | Not true. If my brother reproduces, then about half of my
               | genes are still getting passed on. If my cousin
               | reproduces, 12.5% of my genes are still getting passed
               | on. If the argument is that pure gene selection will
               | determine the outcome, then you can't treat genetics as
               | some simplistic binary.
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | Your genes aren't your brother's or cousin's and vice
               | versa. Imagine a tree, if you fail (or choose not) to
               | reproduce then your branch will be a dead end. Other
               | branches who did successfully reproduce will continue the
               | tree.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | The predisposition may be cultural rather than genetic.
               | 
               | Religious people belonging to certain religions/sects do
               | have a lot more children even in the contemporary world.
               | Maybe the world of 2100 is going to be a lot more
               | religious than today.
               | 
               | The development is certainly visible in, say, Israel, or
               | even migrant communities in Europe. Europeans must now be
               | a bit careful not to insult Islam; that wouldn't be the
               | case fifty years ago.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Animats wrote that in the top level comment.
               | 
               | > The countries that are above breakeven (2.1 children
               | per woman) are all in Africa or are dominated by
               | religions which oppress women. And poor.[4] "Peak baby"
               | was in 2013 worldwide.
               | 
               | >There are two futures, both bad. "Keep 'em barefoot and
               | pregnant", or "Will the last one to leave please turn out
               | the lights."
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | I can imagine some other developments. Maybe parenting
               | will become professionalized, kids will be born in
               | artificial wombs and specialized pairs will take care of
               | 10 of them at once.
               | 
               | It sounds wild, but we already professionalized a lot of
               | other activities that were "naturally" done by
               | households, such as fuel gathering, cooking, home
               | construction and small agriculture.
        
               | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
               | What a brave new world. But what happens when the machine
               | stops?
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | What happens if other machines stop? The ones that carry
               | food into megacities or provide drinking waters to
               | millions?
               | 
               | We are now very, very far from our hunter-gatherer roots.
        
               | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
               | I'm aware of that. That's why I questioned the validity
               | of the idea, because it seems too risky to rely on.
               | Probably unsustainable because the ever faster changes of
               | the 'meteorological machine' will disrupt many other
               | mechanisms, because they are too slow to adapt.
               | 
               | The idea of mechanizing/automating/centralizing that
               | stuff is irking me in general. One could argue that the
               | biologisms which evolved us, and we with and through
               | them, are just another, rather imperfect way of doing
               | this, by slow, biologic means.
               | 
               | IMO this only leads to transhumanism, which I consider
               | BS, because it will produce shadows/weak simulations of
               | the real thing and philosophical zombies.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Didn't ECHR take note of a Austro Hungarian imperial law
               | still in the books to that effect?
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | The pool of replicators can prune itself in many ways
               | (indeed, it must), but that doesn't mean that those
               | prunings are having any effect on the pool of genes. The
               | relative frequency of fertility-relevant alleles is just
               | as likely to remain stable. It's called Hardy Weinberg
               | equilibrium and it's the default state for large
               | populations that are not experiencing predation or
               | expanding into new niches.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | That's good to know.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | Personality traits are a whole lot more heritable than
               | it's fashionable to admit.
        
               | Someone wrote:
               | Birth rate doesn't seem to be very heritable, given the
               | amount it can change over relatively short periods of
               | time.
               | 
               | For example, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_rate#/me
               | dia/File%3A1910-... shows it going from 8 around 1940 to
               | 12 around 1957 and back down to 7 around 1972 in the USA.
        
               | ashoeafoot wrote:
               | If you are barking mad ane propagate , i choose you,
               | evopokemon
        
             | bawolff wrote:
             | That's oversimplifying.
             | 
             | Do the people who don't have children send resources to
             | relatives who do? Making the family more succesful?
             | 
             | Not to mention it isn't a binary really. There is a middle
             | ground of simply having less children. A family that has a
             | single child is still below replacement and quite different
             | from a family with 5. Regardless, genes are still being
             | passed on.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | Sounds like you agree that there is no problem.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | If by problem you mean some variant of: humans are going
               | to stop having babies and go extinct, then yes, i agree
               | that is rediculous.
               | 
               | However i disagree with the mechanism you propose. Having
               | less children can be evolutionarily advantous in some
               | circumtances. People will have less children when it
               | makes sense, and have more children when conditions
               | change and that make sense.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | Great, it's always good to reach a clear resolution.
        
               | elzbardico wrote:
               | Do you see this happening a lot on modern industrial
               | societies?
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | Modern industrial societies (with strong womens rights)
               | are a relatively new thing. We'll adapt. Most likely by
               | making it much easier to have and raise children so that
               | educated, rich folks don't avoid it so long.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Ah, the optimism.
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | Well this path feels incomplete:
               | 
               | Having kids early precludes education and career focus ->
               | Education and career focus gets you money and prestige ->
               | Folks want money -> Folks want to avoid having kids early
               | -> Fewer kids.
               | 
               | It's all based on a couple misconceptions that a) you
               | can't have what you want now if you have kids and b)
               | you'll want what you want now when you have kids.
               | 
               | Try this thought experiment on for size:
               | 
               | Initially, you don't have kids b/c you don't want to
               | avoid this vacation ($5k?) and that opportunity (A few
               | years at a good job?)
               | 
               | But consider the reverse: If you had kids, and they were
               | going to die if you didn't turn over $X, what value of X
               | is "too high"? There is no value of X that is too high,
               | you'd happily give everything you have to bring your kids
               | home safe. Why don't we give a meager few years of our
               | lives to have kids and get them through the infant stage
               | until our lives return somewhat to normal?
               | 
               | Why do we all pretend that $5k before kids is somehow not
               | the same as $5k after kids? It's not a trap - parents do
               | want their children, do love them, and are willing to
               | drop money to have them, but we only recognize this after
               | they have them. Substitute money for a job change, a
               | spouse choice, etc.
               | 
               | It's a weird cognitive dissonance that we don't recognize
               | this for ourselves when we're young, and I'd argue it's
               | mostly this cognitive dissonance that stands in our way.
               | So, some tangible improvements and a slight increase in
               | number of successful people having kids would probably
               | dispel that misconception.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Have you had kids while both parents are working?
               | 
               | I have, and it's miserable for the parents and often
               | traumatic for the kids. At least if the jobs are at all
               | challenging.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | Yes, I think both effects are prominent in developed
               | societies.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | That's a perversion of the idea of evolution. Survival of
               | the genes only applies to individuals, because they are
               | each completely unique in their genetic makeup.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin_selection
        
               | dgacmu wrote:
               | That's not correct. There's substantial evidence for kin
               | selection and inclusive fitness:
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin_selection
               | 
               | (Used to be a biologist)
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | I'm very skeptical to kin selection in general, but for
               | humans it is out of the question. Genghis Khan is all the
               | evidence you need against it.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | I believe you are describing the plot of Idiocracy.
        
               | benchmarkist wrote:
               | I'm not making any value judgements. Intelligence is not
               | necessary for replication.
        
             | Qem wrote:
             | If natural selection were that effective, no species would
             | ever go extinct. And yet most do. Relying on natural
             | selection to shrug off problems is like making lottery
             | tickets your retirement plan.
        
             | myrmidon wrote:
             | Strongly disagree with that take.
             | 
             | Genetics can only have a minor influence on number of
             | offspring, because the genetic makeup of basically _every_
             | industrialized nation did _not_ change completely within 20
             | years.
             | 
             | If there was no other factor apart from genetics, it is
             | decidedly unclear if that _could_ stabilize population
             | numbers on its own.
             | 
             | But it won't have to, almost for certain, because non-
             | genetic mechanisms will balance this in all likelyhood
             | ("organized" incentives from states and also emerging
             | ressource over-supply), and those mechanisms will work MUCH
             | faster than genetics ever could.
        
               | ANewFormation wrote:
               | He's not saying that genetics caused the problem, but
               | that natural selection will solve the problem. Natural
               | selection also need not be obviously genetic. For example
               | certain religious groups maintain very healthy fertility
               | rates, while secular populations tend to have quite poor
               | fertility rates. So this logically leads to an outcome
               | very few would intuitively expect - the percent of
               | humanity that is religious will likely increase over the
               | coming decades and centuries.
               | 
               | Also collapsing populations will lead to resource
               | scarcity. One of the many negatives of low fertility is
               | that you end up with far more elderly than working age
               | people. Any given market will also naturally decrease in
               | size, all other things being equal. These factors,
               | amongst others, will completely wreck economies which may
               | well end up creating a vicious cycle against fertility.
               | 
               | Another reason I think 'organized incentives' will be
               | unlikely to achieve much is that Scandinavia had been at
               | the forefront of fertility collapse in Europe and they
               | have both an exremely strong social safety net as well as
               | great minimum maternity benefits. Clearly there are other
               | factors than economic inability driving people to go
               | childless or to only have 1.
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | Japan and France have tried incentives, with little
               | effect. Japan is even cutting their social security
               | payments to pay for increased subsidies for children.[1]
               | France has a benefit scheme for parents with two or more
               | children.[2] It's about EUR75 per month, so not that big.
               | 
               | [1] https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2024/06/3918e24819
               | 36-japa...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.service-
               | public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F13213?...
        
               | sebastiennight wrote:
               | The math on the French website seems to indicate EUR 75
               | "per child" (~150 total) per month for 2 kids, 110+ per
               | child per month for 3.
        
               | dopidopHN wrote:
               | IIRC France has a higher fertility rate than neiboors.
        
             | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
             | In humans, memes are a stronger driver of fertility than
             | genes. It _is_ a self correcting problem, but that 's
             | because having more children than you can support is an
             | antimeme. Even if they survive and reproduce, they won't
             | pass on the "large family" trait.
        
           | jvanderbot wrote:
           | I believe we're in a correction period. All through history
           | it was dangerous and debilitating for women to have children.
           | As women's reproductive and voting rights and freedom
           | increased (a nanosecond ago history wise), more couples self-
           | selected out of that and if they had kids they had them
           | later. Myself and my spouse included. Add to that - it's
           | expensive and difficult to raise kids without support. Either
           | you buy support or you neglect huge opportunities and say
           | near parents.
           | 
           | Right now, we pay more for our nanny than we do for our
           | house, and combined both are pretty huge chunks of our income
           | - and we're both fairly successful professionals.
           | 
           | Eventually, there will be better resources for working
           | couples to have kids. It's a fairly easy problem to solve:
           | More childcare options, more housing supply (so its cheaper
           | to live), and more childcare workers by e.g., reducing
           | regulations and improving immigration policy. USA has no
           | reason to do this - we have good demographics b/c of
           | immigration and (frankly) Calthocism and its ilk.
           | 
           | When I married into a catholic family I inherited 100s of
           | cousins, and there's 1000s of relatives in our state now.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | > More childcare options, more housing supply (so its
             | cheaper to live), and more childcare workers by e.g.,
             | reducing regulations and improving immigration policy. USA
             | has no reason to do this - we have good demographics b/c of
             | immigration and (frankly) Calthocism and its ilk.
             | 
             | How do you square this with huge childcare costs in the US?
             | The costs come from childcare ratios and liability, and
             | those regulations are there for a reason.
             | 
             | Where are all the workers going to come from? Won't the
             | growing and politically powerful old population want
             | workers for their needs/wants?
        
           | Mistletoe wrote:
           | Population shrinking is going to annihilate the current
           | economic system we have where everyone puts their retirement
           | into stocks. Then the shell-shocked people will be even more
           | poor and unable to afford having children. You have to have
           | new entrants to the pyramid to buy the stocks that the people
           | all want to sell to finance their retirement.
           | 
           | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10680-009-9179-9
           | 
           | Places like Japan and Korea aren't having the sort of birth
           | rate turnaround you are discussing.
        
           | dustypotato wrote:
           | There are very few if not zero number of countries going back
           | to replacement levels after they fell from it. The world on
           | average is getting richer and richer countries have falling
           | birthrates
        
           | ANewFormation wrote:
           | But you don't need to extrapolate. Current rates are far more
           | than sufficient for catastrophe. It's merely that the effects
           | of dangerously high fertility rates are immediate while the
           | effects of dangerously low fertility tend to lag the advent
           | of said reduction by around 60 years.
           | 
           | So for instance Japan is still living the good times relative
           | to what's yet to come since they collapsed in the 80s. South
           | Korea hasn't even begun to really feel the consequences of
           | their actions since they only collapsed in the 90s. And
           | places like Finland or the Western world in general only
           | collapsed even more recently.
           | 
           | But collapsed they have. And because our fertile window in
           | life, for women at least, closes long before we die - most,
           | if not all, of these places will, unavoidably, see dramatic
           | population declines, screwed age ratios (with consequent
           | impacts on the labor/retiree pool/costs), shrinking
           | economies, and so on. And we're left to rely on some ever
           | smaller generation(s) down the line to start having large
           | families in this context.
        
             | mountainb wrote:
             | It will be "fixed" by just killing off old people in large
             | numbers through some combination of high pressure
             | euthanasia campaigns and denial of healthcare subsidies.
             | Just no one wants to be honest about it.
             | 
             | Our political culture is not a high integrity, high honesty
             | culture but one that relies on a lot of indirect
             | communication and symbolism. In this the west has become a
             | lot more like east Asian stereotype. So in my view this
             | crisis will be solved, just not in a way that people want
             | to acknowledge. A lot of the nonserious "attempts" to
             | address the issues are just performances to make it look
             | like the facially palatable policies have been tried before
             | they inevitably fail.
        
               | ANewFormation wrote:
               | It's not the most intuitive thing, but how long we live
               | has no long term impact on population levels. Think about
               | a fertility rate of one - this means each successive
               | generation will be half the size of the one prior. This
               | makes simplified population sims very simple because it's
               | simply powers of 2.
               | 
               | If you start with a population of 1 then the generation
               | before was 2, then 4, 8, 16, 32, etc. So when you remove
               | the biggest group, the oldest, it will always be about
               | 50% of the total population regardless of how many other
               | generations happen to be alive. And a 'generation' is
               | proportional not to our life expectancy, but to our
               | practical fertility window - so about 20 years.
               | 
               | You _would_ substantially mitigate many of the economic
               | problems but your Logan 's Run would also need to be a
               | dictatorship (and a rather less than benevolent one)
               | because the skewed age ratios mean with a collapsing
               | fertility rate the elderly will exclusively control any
               | democracy, even if 100% of people vote. And all of this
               | just to make it more comfortable to sleep walk into
               | extinction.
               | 
               | I'm fully on board with you about saying the unspoken
               | parts out loud, but I don't see this idea as a solution.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Or just cut all the socialized medical programs old folks
               | disproportionally rely on while telling everyone in the
               | group that you aren't.
               | 
               | Hmm, which is what the current plan for the next US
               | president seems to be....
        
         | beAbU wrote:
         | > There are two futures, both bad.
         | 
         | The more likely scenario is a natural oscillation between these
         | two outcomes, similar to how animals maintain oscillating
         | population equilibrium that's controlled by space, resources
         | and predation.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | I mean one thing many people, myself included, have been
           | clamoring for ages is that people can't afford to live and
           | own property anymore. People can't afford to think about
           | raising kids if they're stressed about your next paycheck and
           | making rent.
           | 
           | This is probably oversimplified and naive, but go back to the
           | 80's economically where families could afford a family-
           | raising sized home and a comfortable life on a single income.
           | Bring jobs back to the smaller towns, which are safer and
           | healthier places to raise families.
        
             | tossandthrow wrote:
             | This sentiment is interesting and coexists in a world where
             | real estate is super cheap the second you move out of urban
             | centers.
             | 
             | Combine this with the fact that is has never been easier to
             | work remotely.
             | 
             | From my perspective it is a matter of preference - people
             | decide that their life style in urban centers is more
             | important than having a resource surplus and starting a
             | family.
        
               | arlort wrote:
               | > that is has never been easier to work remotely.
               | 
               | Which still means it's almost impossible for almost
               | everyone almost everywhere
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | TFR was low even back in the 1980s, and especially the
             | 1970s.
             | 
             | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SPDYNTFRTINUSA
             | 
             | I am guessing the bump from late 1980s to 2000s was almost
             | entirely due to immigrants, especially Latin American.
             | Similar to a bump seen in other countries where immigrants
             | coming from places with higher TFRs bumped it up, and
             | within a couple decades, even those immigrant populations
             | now have lower TFRs.
             | 
             | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-per-woman-
             | un?tab...
        
             | anonzzzies wrote:
             | At least here people, including my grandparents who lived
             | through WOII, lived outside cities, had to travel hours for
             | work and worked the land for food. They had 10 kids and
             | they helped in the household and on the land (only for
             | their own food: animals, veg and fruit) while the dad was
             | away 12+ hours of the day (4+ hours commute) (my dad also
             | travelled 4+ hours every day for work by the way; fairly
             | normal in the 80s here; not sure what happened). This is
             | still just possible; you don't need to live in a city and,
             | again at least where I live, the prices drop sharply only a
             | few hours drive from every large city (1.5m euro vs 1000s
             | to 10ks for land and houses). Everyone can afford a house
             | or land, but everyone _wants_ to live on the city where
             | they generally can 't. If you want to raise (many) kids,
             | you can choose the same life as my grandparents had (who
             | also could not afford a house in the big city but wanted
             | one so built multiple (one for them and later for their
             | kids including my parents) with their own hands in a small
             | village), but it's not an easy thing; it never was an easy
             | thing.
        
         | elzbardico wrote:
         | If I am not mistaken we had other depopulation events in
         | history and we rebounded from it. Especially in the past where
         | surviving the first years was far from guaranteed and nutrition
         | levels and hardship frequently imposed a tax on women's
         | fertility. Combine this with lower life expectancies and we had
         | the recipe for quite a few depopulation events.
         | 
         | The point is. There's no much you can do if people don't want
         | to have kids. And this is probably generational, so you won't
         | change the mind of the current generations.
         | 
         | We will need to learn to live without it. Retirement while
         | healthy and capable of work, will probably become a thing of
         | the past.
         | 
         | Also, we will probably have to rethink compound interest and
         | inheritance rights. Compound interest on investments require by
         | necessity monotonically increasing economy outputs in the long
         | run.
        
           | moomin wrote:
           | Honestly, I think you could adjust population growth in many
           | western countries by just spending more on schools, providing
           | generous parental leave and generally making having kids less
           | daunting. But it seems like everyone who wants this outcome
           | is entirely comfortable with going full Nazi on the subject.
        
             | elzbardico wrote:
             | No way, we need to pay interest to the boomers so they can
             | buy Motorhomes, Boats, Harley Davidsons and travel across
             | the world.
             | 
             | Stop this school and health care nonsense! This is
             | communism!
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | The data says that the benefits provided by the
             | Scandinavian and European countries are not enough, or that
             | providing benefits is not going to lift TFR to replacement
             | rate. And also TFR was declining a lot all the way back
             | since the 1950s, when kids were not as daunting and real
             | estate costs and schooling costs were lower and people were
             | buying houses on single incomes.
             | 
             | I have a suspicion that there is almost no amount of
             | realistic benefits that can incentivize having sufficient
             | kids to the level of replacement rate. The problem is that
             | once sufficient women do not have 2 children, it is
             | unrealistic to expect a sufficient amount of the remaining
             | women to have 3+ children to offset those that have 0 or 1
             | child.
             | 
             | The big change from 100 years ago is that being a couple is
             | now completely optional with no social stigma for being
             | single, so if 30% or even 20% opt out of the compromises
             | required in a relationship (due to their financial
             | independence and safety in society), then you're fighting a
             | losing battle (to keep TFR at replacement rate).
        
               | naijaboiler wrote:
               | I have longed come to the conclusion that we are social
               | beings even more than we are economic beings.
               | 
               | Reversing fertility drops will require social solutions
               | in addition to economic solutions. I.e we need economic
               | incentives but we also need to find ways to "make it
               | cool" to have babies and have women in child bearing age
               | be in close social circles with women having kids. And we
               | have to all that while respecting all the gender equality
               | gains we have made in the modern world. Not an easy
               | solution
               | 
               | That or make the economic incentives super huge
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | In general, in crisis, people aren't going to go for the
               | complex solution. They'll go with the simple one.
               | 
               | If addressed sooner, then it won't be a crisis. Do you
               | think that will happen?
        
             | naijaboiler wrote:
             | This is going too get increasingly hard due to our
             | political system. We have more older people and they have
             | more political and economic capital, so the incentive is
             | going you keep voting and allocating more societal
             | resources towards the old and away from the young, which
             | further skews the demographics, which then leads older
             | people with more resources and power and ability to vote
             | themselves more resources
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Eh, frankly that is like saying you could have a larger
             | army if you paid your soldiers better and treated them
             | well.
             | 
             | Not wrong, especially in relative peacetime and when things
             | are going well.
             | 
             | But there is a reason the first thing Ukraine did when they
             | got invaded was a draft.
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | > There's no much you can do if people don't want to have
           | kids.
           | 
           | "Don't want" to have kids. Just like people "don't want" to
           | own their own house and "don't want" to have a retirement
           | when they get old and "don't want" to have a living salary.
        
             | elzbardico wrote:
             | Man, I know people who actually DON'T WANT to have kids.
             | Some of them rich people who could afford an expensive
             | education and all the help they could get, and they really
             | don't want kids.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | There are also people that have had their kids weaponized
               | against them, (or were weaponized against their parents),
               | and frankly never ever want to play _that_ game again.
        
         | dzink wrote:
         | Nope. Look at Israel - their Kibbutz system allows for communal
         | raising of children and that means women have the ability to do
         | more than be stuck at homes. They serve in the IDF, have
         | careers, and population growth is 3 children per woman. Israel
         | has the right model - governments who figure out how to support
         | their mothers with proper childcare and education for the kids
         | will get a developed society with proper population growth.
        
           | TomK32 wrote:
           | As usual, religion is to blame for this high rate:
           | 
           | > In 2020, the total fertility rate among ultra-Orthodox
           | women in Israel was 6.6, while the rate among Arab women was
           | 3.0, and among secular women, it was 2.0 -- still well above
           | the OECD average -- according to a report from the Jerusalem
           | Institute for Policy Research.
           | 
           | https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-birth-rate-remains-
           | hig...
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | > They serve in the IDF, have careers, and population growth
           | is 3 children per woman.
           | 
           | The women that do the above most certainly have a TFR closer
           | to 2 rather than 3.
           | 
           | See table 1 at top of page 7 and figure 2 on page 8.
           | 
           | https://www.taubcenter.org.il/wp-
           | content/uploads/2024/01/Dem...
        
         | slibhb wrote:
         | > There are two futures, both bad. "Keep 'em barefoot and
         | pregnant", or "Will the last one to leave please turn out the
         | lights."
         | 
         | One data point against this dichotomy is that most women in the
         | West generally report wanting more children than they have.
         | 
         | A different view is that, in the first world, men and women
         | have become more neurotic and risk averse. E.g. "we can't
         | afford kids with this market"
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | > "we can't afford kids with this market"
           | 
           | This seems like a gross simplification. In western world, the
           | pressure is to raise kids well rather than just so-so, since
           | one can easily see how much this helps them with rest of
           | modern complex life. For example emotional stability,
           | maturity and resilience is not something that comes
           | automatically regardless of quality (and quantity) of
           | parenting. This aspect alone is enough to make or break
           | literally any conceivable talent or wealth under our sun.
           | 
           | And raising kids well these days is... hard, very hard. If it
           | would be just question of money, rich folks would be all
           | having 10-15 kids yet even those who are pretty horrible
           | parents via ignoring their kids most of the time (with
           | corresponding results later in life) very rarely do so, and
           | if they do its normally the result of their instabilities and
           | mental issues rather than part of a bigger plan.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > If it would be just question of money, rich folks would
             | be all having 10-15 kids
             | 
             | Well, Musk certainly does... the thing is, for the really
             | rich, more kids means more complex inheritance schemes and
             | the risk of their wealth going down the drain in
             | inheritance fights. Here in Germany for example, there was
             | a ridiculous multi year fight in the empire of the Albrecht
             | clan (the ones behind Aldi, I think in the US it's Trader
             | Joe's?).
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | The number of kids a man has is irrelevant for population
               | statistics because it simply offsets another man's child.
               | That's why total fertility rate only takes into account
               | how many children a woman has, since they are the rate
               | limiting factor.
        
               | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
               | Depends on your point of view, and which statistics, I
               | guess?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Jacob_Meijer
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg_family_tree
               | 
               | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/distinctive-
               | habsbu...
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I don't see how this math could depend on a point of
               | view.
               | 
               | You can have 100 men and 1 woman, and predicting future
               | population will have nothing to do with how many men
               | there are (as long as there is at least 1 fertile man).
               | 
               | But if you have even just 1 man, having 10 women versus
               | 100 women makes an enormous difference in potential
               | future population.
        
               | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
               | But those asymmetries are artificial, made up.
        
               | michaelcampbell wrote:
               | There are Aldi's in the US also.
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | source? here is recent Pew Research data in the US
           | 
           | family relationships - parenting report Jul 25, 2024 The
           | Experiences of U.S. Adults Who Don't Have Children
           | 
           | The U.S. fertility rate reached a historic low in 2023, with
           | a growing share of women ages 25 to 44 having never given
           | birth.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | > There are two futures, both bad. "Keep 'em barefoot and
         | pregnant", or "Will the last one to leave please turn out the
         | lights."
         | 
         | Overly pessimistic. Our culture and economy have been
         | structured to yield low fertility. That will eventually pass.
         | There's no need for oppression to get replacement rate
         | fertility.
        
           | ralfd wrote:
           | > Overly pessimistic. Our culture and economy have been
           | structured to yield low fertility. That will eventually pass.
           | 
           | But I don't see succesful attempts culture/economy changed to
           | be family friendly?
           | 
           | Realistically our culture/economy right now "will pass" by
           | being replaced with the virile Amish.
        
       | AlexDragusin wrote:
       | This documentary explores this:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l11zPNb-MFg
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath:_Population_Zero
       | 
       | Aftermath: Population Zero - The World without Humans What would
       | happen if, tomorrow, every single person on Earth simply
       | disappeared? Not dead, simply gone, just like that. A world
       | without people, where city streets are still populated by cars,
       | but no drivers. A world where there is no one to fix bridges or
       | repair broken windows...
        
         | MarkusWandel wrote:
         | Say what? Wikipedia says it's a Canadian production, Youtube
         | says "not available in your country". I'm in Canada.
         | 
         | Edit: It's just that particular link. Searching for the title
         | itself brought up a working one:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHoOG4eKzbM
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | mirror: https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/l11zPNb-MFg
        
       | pvaldes wrote:
       | Some years of great success ended by a rust nuclear plant
       | suddenly exploding.
        
       | wongogue wrote:
       | Check out the DMZ in Korea and Chernobyl.
        
         | guenthert wrote:
         | Afaik, the region which is now the DMZ was never
         | industrialized. So this is a very special case with little
         | toxic waste (other than the occasional landmine).
        
       | theendisney wrote:
       | It would be cool to plant a food forest. Give it 60-80 years and
       | it might just change into a garden of Eden.
        
       | jandrewrogers wrote:
       | I have spent time in remote parts of North America that have seen
       | few if any humans in several decades. The thing you notice in
       | that country is that there are a lot of animals and the animals
       | behave differently when they see you than animals almost anywhere
       | else. They've never seen a human before, for generations, and so
       | you are a novelty in their environment that they know nothing
       | about.
       | 
       | Interestingly, humans (without canids) apparently don't come
       | across as much of a threat by default. I would be approached by
       | curious animals that in any other environment would never allow
       | themselves to be remotely that close to a human. For lack of a
       | better description, these animals also had much more
       | "personality" than the wild animals you see near civilization.
       | 
       | Until you've seen the actual wilds, it is easy to forget how much
       | of the "wilds" are actually quite zoo-like.
        
         | EB-Barrington wrote:
         | In remote parts of the Chernobyl exclusion zone, I saw wild
         | approach closely and then be hand-fed.
         | 
         | I had the same thoughts as you - these animals don't behave as
         | expected - it's like they haven't yet learned that humans can
         | be dangerous.
        
         | MrLeap wrote:
         | I live out in the country. Not quite "wilds" but it's about a
         | 45 minute drive to the nearest walmart and we drink water out
         | of a well. It's remote enough that only a few cars drive by a
         | month.
         | 
         | I've also found that the animals behave differently out here,
         | or appear to anyhow. Maybe it's just there's more sensory room
         | to notice the differences. There's a family of small furry
         | rodents that greet me a few feet away from the porch every
         | morning. Birdsong also has a load of hidden complexity to it
         | I've never noticed. Go outside every day and listen to the
         | songs. There's persistence, modification proposals and
         | consensus reaching among birds over days and weeks. I don't
         | know a thing about birds, but it's clear there's a lot of
         | fascinating stuff happening among them.
         | 
         | We have an "armadillo buddy" that lives under the cabin. Clouds
         | of bats swarm between the trees at night and coyotes howl at
         | the moon. There's got to be dozens of rabbits. They'll let you
         | walk right up to them before they run off. Once had to wait for
         | a family of 10 cross the gravel driveway on our way home.
         | Another time there was a large cougar just chilling in the
         | yard.
         | 
         | Having never lived in a rural area until my 30's, it's wild how
         | much activity there is and how close it is to us.
         | 
         | How much of this is because nature doesn't have to work as hard
         | to survive around our cabin, and how much is just being able to
         | notice it? It's a mix for sure.
        
           | idontwantthis wrote:
           | Why did you decide to move out there? It sounds nice and
           | relaxing but I think I would get lonely, or bored.
        
         | plasticchris wrote:
         | I had a similar experience with wild bison - I've spent time
         | around domesticated cattle and the wild ones seemed much more
         | intelligent and aware. They would react as soon as you showed
         | your silhouette on the ridge top.
        
       | phront wrote:
       | After I watched the old mario bros movie i thought that dinosaurs
       | might have built a civilization but we see no traces of their
       | deeds. It was very sad to think about that.
        
       | briantakita wrote:
       | Humans can have a positive ecological impact. For example large
       | parts of the Amazon were cultivated forest gardens with biochar
       | used to build the soil. The issue lies with modern consumerism.
       | Where large corporations capture governments & mandate ecological
       | problems. If we get back to our roots of homesteading, growing
       | our own food, managing the health of our soil, we can get back to
       | being a net positive.
        
       | hk1337 wrote:
       | Equilibrium is near.
        
       | 8bitsrule wrote:
       | One of the more interesting photography books I've seen is 'The
       | Past from Above' by Georg Gerster. 2005, ISBN 0-89236-817-9.
       | Hundreds of aerial shots of long-abandoned archeological sites.
        
       | retrac wrote:
       | There's a section of rail line between Senneterre, QC and
       | Cochrane, ON in north-central Canada constructed as part of a
       | quixotic federal project a century ago to link the grain-growing
       | praries with an Atlantic port. It was barely ever used and then
       | abandoned in the 1990s. It's the very fringe of the interface
       | where North American industrial civilization reached, and has
       | since rolled back. It's amazing how completely nature has
       | swallowed everything back up. The bridges still stand but they
       | won't in another thirty years or so. Even the railbed constructed
       | to high quality with packed stone dust has trees growing out of
       | it again. I've explored some of the route and I was reminded of
       | who were the great engineers here before humans - beavers
       | completely transform landscapes. They've dammed every causeway
       | along the route, which only further accelerates the erosion.
       | They've flooded a couple rail stops and old logging villages I
       | had hoped to check out. Before long you'll have to know exactly
       | what to look for to even find the line.
        
         | btbuildem wrote:
         | That is not a place one visits on a whim, wow!
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-11-30 23:02 UTC)