[HN Gopher] The Influence of Bell Labs
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       The Influence of Bell Labs
        
       Author : mooreds
       Score  : 51 points
       Date   : 2024-11-29 18:36 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.construction-physics.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.construction-physics.com)
        
       | kranke155 wrote:
       | Just reading the book The Idea Factory, it was incredible amount
       | of innovation. Lasers, early satellites, transistors.
       | 
       | And it was all done, apparently, at least in the beginning,
       | because they hired smart people and they let them do what they
       | wanted.
        
         | fuzztester wrote:
         | unix, c and c++ too.
        
           | kranke155 wrote:
           | Haven't gotten to that part of the book.
        
           | jhbadger wrote:
           | And S, the statistical data language that was the ancestor of
           | S-PLUS and R.
        
         | ioblomov wrote:
         | All true, but monopoly profits sure help.
        
         | rmorey wrote:
         | I know the author, Jon. Delightful guy
        
       | Aloha wrote:
       | The research done at Bell Labs is the foundation of the
       | information age, however, Bell Labs sowed the seeds that made the
       | post-divestiture AT&T a doomed enterprise from the start - there
       | is a reason they only lasted ~20 years from divestiture 'til they
       | were bought by one of their former children, SBC.
       | 
       | AT&T provided for most of its history, the best quality telephone
       | service in the world, at a comparable price to anyone else,
       | anywhere.
       | 
       | There were structural issues with the AT&T monopoly however, for
       | example cross subsidization - the true cost of services was often
       | hidden because they would use optional services (like toll
       | calling) to subsidize basic access, and business lines would
       | cross subsidize residential service.
       | 
       | The level that AT&T fought foreign connections (aka, bring your
       | own phone), probably hastened their demise, in the end, the very
       | technologies that AT&T introduced would turn long distance from a
       | high margin, to low margin business - the brass at AT&T had to
       | know that, but they still pinned the future of their
       | manufacturing business on that - a manufacturing business that
       | had never had to work in a competitive environment, yet was now
       | expected to - because of this and other factors divestiture was
       | doomed to failure.
       | 
       | I'm a believer in utilities being a natural monopoly, but AT&T
       | was an example of effective regulatory capture, it did not, and
       | does not have to be this way, however it was.
        
       | phtrivier wrote:
       | Okay, I'm really in a sad mood, so: tell me there will be places
       | like that, again, somewhere, ever ?
       | 
       | We need this. Like, really, we need someone to have created the
       | xerox part of the 21st century, somewhere about 20 years ago.
       | 
       | I honestly though Google would be that - but apparently it's
       | easier to fund R&D on "selling copying machines" than "selling
       | ads". Maybe "selling ads" earn _too much_ money ? I don't know.
       | 
       | I know, I know, DeepMind and OpenAI and xAI are supposed to fix
       | climate change any time soon, and cure cancer while they invent
       | cold fusion etc, etc... and it's only because I'm a pessimistic
       | myopist that I can only see them writing fake essays and
       | generating spam, bad me.
       | 
       | Still. Assuming I'm really grumpy and want to talk about people
       | doing research that affects the physical world in positive way -
       | who's doing that on the scale of PARC or Bell ?
        
         | querez wrote:
         | > honestly though Google would be that - but apparently it's
         | easier to fund R&D on "selling copying machines" than "selling
         | ads". Maybe "selling ads" earn _too much_ money ? I don't know.
         | 
         | I'm pretty sure Google Brain was exactly what you are looking
         | for: People like to think of DeepMind, but honestly, Brain
         | pretty much had Bell Labs/PARCs strategy: they hired a bunch of
         | brilliant people and told them to just "research whatever is
         | you think is cool". And think all the AI innovations that came
         | out of Brain and were given to the world for free:
         | Transformers, Diffusion Models, BERT (I'd consider that the
         | first public LLM), Adam, and a gazillion of other cool stuff I
         | can't think of right now.... Essentially, all of the current
         | AI/LLM craze started at Brain.
        
           | phtrivier wrote:
           | Right. And I'm sure that if I ever get in a better mood, I'll
           | find that the current AI/LLM craze is good for _something_.
           | 
           | Right now the world needs GWh batteries made of salt, cheap
           | fusion from trash, telepathy, a cure for cancer and a vaccine
           | for the common cold - but in the meantime, advertisers can
           | generate photos for their ads, which is, _good_, I guess ?
        
             | aatd86 wrote:
             | Can't you get telepathy from training AI on functional MRI
             | data? And then finding a way to pinpoint and activate brain
             | regions remotely?
             | 
             | I mean brain-machine interfaces have been improving for
             | quite a while.
             | 
             | Telepathy might even already exist.
        
             | eurikfkdks wrote:
             | Rolling back the 1980s neoliberal cultural ideals of
             | letting markets and profits be the highest arbiter of
             | societal direction is the key.
             | 
             | Silicon Valley hippies have been replaced by folks focussed
             | on monetisation and growth.
             | 
             | It's not great for the west, but those problems are being
             | tackled. We just don't get to read about it because 'China
             | bad' and the fear of what capital flight might do to
             | arguably inflated US stock prices
             | 
             | https://www.energy-storage.news/byd-launches-sodium-ion-
             | grid...
        
       | linguae wrote:
       | During my teenage and college years in the 2000s, I was inspired
       | by what I've read about Bell Labs, and I wanted to work as a
       | computer science researcher in industry. I've also been inspired
       | by Xerox PARC's 1970s and 1980s researchers. I pursued that goal,
       | and I've worked for a few industrial research labs before I
       | switched careers to full-time community college teaching a few
       | months ago.
       | 
       | One thing I lament is the decline of long-term, unfettered
       | research across the industry. I've witnessed more companies
       | switching to research management models where management exerts
       | more control over the research directions of their employees,
       | where research directions can abruptly change due to management
       | decisions, and where there is an increased focus on
       | profitability. I feel this short-term approach will cost society
       | in the long term, since current funding models promote
       | evolutionary work rather than riskier, potentially revolutionary
       | work.
       | 
       | As someone who wanted to become a researcher out of curiosity and
       | exploration, I feel alienated in this world where industry
       | researchers are harangued about "delivering value," and where
       | academic researchers are pressured to raise grant money and to
       | publish. I quit and switched to a full teaching career at a
       | community college. I enjoy teaching, and while I miss the day-to-
       | day lifestyle of research, I still plan to do research during my
       | summer and winter breaks out of curiosity and not for career
       | advancement.
       | 
       | It would be great if there were more opportunities for
       | researchers to pursue their interests. Sadly, though, barring a
       | cultural change, the only avenues I see for curiosity-driven
       | researchers are becoming independently wealthy, living like a
       | monk, or finding a job with ample free time. I'm fortunate to
       | have the latter situation where I have 16 weeks per year that I
       | could devote outside my job.
        
       | rfmoz wrote:
       | Inline with this, the talk from Richard Hamming "You and Your
       | Research" (June 6, 1995)
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=a1zDuOPkMSw
        
       | Swizec wrote:
       | Everyone wants Bell Labs, but not the thing that made it possible
       | -- high corporate profit taxes. They were making bucket loads of
       | monopoly money and had to put it _somewhere_ or taxes would it
       | away.
        
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