[HN Gopher] Malaria vaccine delivered by a mosquito bite
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Malaria vaccine delivered by a mosquito bite
        
       Author : gmays
       Score  : 133 points
       Date   : 2024-11-24 18:40 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | theultdev wrote:
       | Yeah let's not do this. I'd rather we eradicate the mosquitos
       | themselves.
       | 
       | What could go wrong with nonconsensual, covert, forced mass
       | injections.
       | 
       | Today it's used for malaria, tomorrow?
       | 
       | When releasing these mosquitos, will they be getting consent of
       | everyone in the area?
        
         | sebtron wrote:
         | Do regular mosquitos ask for consent before biting you?
        
           | theultdev wrote:
           | Do you think it's okay to kill a human because other animals
           | kill humans?
           | 
           | Just because nature does something, doesn't mean it's okay to
           | allow humans to do it.
        
           | therein wrote:
           | This is not a regular mosquito anymore.
           | 
           | Imagine the following: we found the part of the brain that's
           | making you love everything done by the authority. We
           | developed a genetic vaccine against it and we are deploying
           | it via mosquitos.
           | 
           | You wouldn't say the same thing.
        
         | vlod wrote:
         | >I'd rather we eradicate the mosquitos themselves.
         | 
         | And you know the extent of this on the whole eco-system?
        
           | theultdev wrote:
           | Do you know the extent of injecting modified parasites on the
           | human population?
           | 
           | And yes, many places have eradicated mosquitos with no shift
           | in the ecosystem.
           | 
           | It's pretty much the one creature that all animals would love
           | to have eradicated or at the very least mitigated.
        
             | vlod wrote:
             | > And yes, many places have eradicated mosquitos with no
             | shift in the ecosystem.
             | 
             | I read that the tropical rain forests are unlivable by
             | humans because of mosquitos and that limits the amount of
             | deforestation that occurs.
             | 
             | Whether that's really true or worthwhile I'll leave it to
             | others to argue over.
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | I mean, Indonesia has 280 million people living in a
               | tropical rainforest climate ... that's 80% of the US
               | population, on a a bunch of tropical islands.
               | 
               | Deforestation is an issue, as those 280 million people do
               | need to be fed. Mosquitoes don't really get in the way of
               | deforestation. Insect repellents and pesticides do work.
               | And when an area is deforested and either converted to
               | urban or agricultural land, mosquitoes don't really
               | linger in that area anymore.
        
             | shkkmo wrote:
             | Not really true.
             | 
             | Mosquitos are an important part of the ecosystem, they
             | (especially their larva) are important food sources for
             | other creatures.
             | 
             | However, most species of mosquitoes do not bite humans and
             | not all of those are capable of spreading disease. What you
             | are probably referencing is experiments in extermining
             | specific disease carrying species. I don't think those
             | studies have claimed "no shift in the ecosystem."
        
             | chmod775 wrote:
             | Mosquitos are a food source for some reptiles, fish, birds,
             | and other insects and male mosquitos also serve as
             | pollinators, of which many a species are already in danger.
        
               | theultdev wrote:
               | When people talk about mosquito eradication programs,
               | they're talking about subspecies that suck blood and
               | carry the major diseases like malaria. Not all mosquitos.
        
               | trod1234 wrote:
               | That line of reasoning neglects the fact that there is
               | very little control in such systems that differentiate
               | between the subspecies.
               | 
               | CRISPR for example has been hailed as surgical tool for
               | slicing DNA, and works well in controlled environments
               | because we set up methodology and environment to
               | guarantee it.
               | 
               | This has lead many outside the related fields to believe
               | that the tool alone has more control than it does. In
               | reality, any changes with these tools must be formally
               | verified through plasmid sequencing. This is
               | Plasmidsaurus business model, and they are quite good at
               | it.
               | 
               | Even afterwards though, outside very specific conditions
               | (which are often involved in keeping it cold and below
               | certain safety thresholds), unstable changes can occur,
               | the effects of which we will never know beforehand. A
               | shift by 1 base (3 bases per codon) may alter an entire
               | sequence, but the molecular machinery would continue
               | running until it is stopped.
               | 
               | It may result in death of the mosquito, and/or provide
               | material (shedding/ingestion) that may be taken in by
               | other unrelated species with unknown consequence.
               | 
               | Who is to say what impacts that might have, and with each
               | additional node (mosquito), the chance of such outcomes
               | increase greatly. To my knowledge, there have been very
               | few studies that cover the topic of genomic stability
               | with regards to CRISPR and its related tools. This is an
               | area with extremely low visibility to potential
               | consequences.
               | 
               | The very last outcome we want is for animals to attain a
               | defiant pupil, along the plot line of Zoo.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | The "today x tomorrow y" argument doesn't work, as the villains
         | of tomorrow don't care about any success of x.
         | 
         | For all x and y.
        
           | theultdev wrote:
           | Developing X allows villians to use X to do Y.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | The villains can develop x and y all by themselves.
        
         | cosmojg wrote:
         | I mean, the paper's been published. The cat's out of the bag.
         | If a sufficiently motivated villain wants to use this
         | technology for villainy, they can now.
        
       | nonelog wrote:
       | So no say at all, as to what goes into our own bodies? Really?
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | > So no say at all, as to what goes into our own bodies?
         | Really?
         | 
         | Right? Everyone has been kindly asking malaria to stay out of
         | our bodies for ages now! Malaria has no respect at all for our
         | rights!
        
           | chung8123 wrote:
           | We don't put malaria into mosquitos to spread it.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | If we did we could just stop doing that, but sadly, we
             | don't have that option.
        
             | snowwrestler wrote:
             | It's like the trolley problem but one side of the track is
             | clear. But the concept is now so deeply engrained that some
             | people still object to the idea of pulling the lever.
        
               | from-nibly wrote:
               | The trolley problem is not for assesing ends vs means
               | discussions, or greater good discussions. It's for
               | asessing how people interpret responsibility.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | It's not quite that.
               | 
               | If this was a trolly problem, one side would have several
               | million deaths, there's a lot of switches we can activate
               | at any time, and we're not entirely sure how many people
               | are on each of the other tracks just that there's not
               | many before the bend in the line that takes it through a
               | thick dark jungle of our ignorance.
        
           | throwway120385 wrote:
           | The difference is that Malaria can't gather consent from us.
           | Unlike medical researchers, who have routinely been required
           | to get consent before conducting research or before spreading
           | synthetic materials into our bodies. Without consent you're
           | essentially acting like Josef Mengele.
        
         | didibus wrote:
         | It's not talking about releasing them in the wild. It would be
         | how you get your shot, because apparently it resulted in better
         | protection when delivered through a bite for some reason.
         | 
         | But I get your general sentiment. It's a scary thought, not
         | just this, but the idea that we are now in a place where
         | someone could use mosquitos to deliver chemical weapons, kind
         | of scary.
         | 
         | Also, I'm no expert, but I'm not sure that is a right, if I
         | understand Roe vs Wade reversal, it means the constitution is
         | no longer interpreted to assume bodily autonomy as a
         | constitutional right. And even if it was, that's just in the
         | US, there's many countries where this wouldn't be the case.
         | 
         | It also begs the question, many things enter our bodies, all
         | pollutants for example, radiation, and so on, and we tend to
         | have no or very little say into that as well, what makes it
         | into our waters and air and food, and so on.
         | 
         | Anyways, I think it's an interesting topic, and a good one to
         | discuss.
        
         | beala wrote:
         | Malaria carrying mosquitoes already deliver a malaria vaccine.
         | It's just that that vaccine has a terrible side effect:
         | malaria.
        
         | Der_Einzige wrote:
         | End circumcising first and we can talk about other types of
         | bodily autonomy movements.
        
         | scotty79 wrote:
         | Am I to understand that mosquitos and malaria somehow got your
         | full consent?
        
       | autoexec wrote:
       | Man, the conspiracy theorists are going to have a field day with
       | this news, but I think this is great! While I'd still prefer we
       | just eradicate the disease carrying mosquito population entirely,
       | this keeps our enemy in the ecosystem where they can be some
       | other critter's breakfast while still helping to mitigate one of
       | the worst harms they cause us.
        
         | theultdev wrote:
         | How is it great? It's the equivalent of someone coming up to
         | you with a needle full of something and stabbing you with it
         | (that they already stabbed other people with) without your
         | consent.
         | 
         | I just don't see how injecting people with genetically modified
         | parasites without their consent is "great".
        
           | nancybelowzero wrote:
           | The same thing ordinary mosquitoes do already?
        
             | theultdev wrote:
             | Yeah and some animals kill humans, does that mean it's okay
             | to kill humans too?
             | 
             | Right now you can consent to get a malaria vaccine, no
             | covert parasite needed.
             | 
             | If the counter that it is for poorer populations, I'd still
             | say you may want to ask them if they want to be injected
             | with a genetically modified parasite. If one single person
             | doesn't want to be in the area, you shouldn't do it. Would
             | you support them dropping these in _your_ neighborhood?
        
               | zwirbl wrote:
               | I don't live in malaria country, but yes, absolutely.
               | While we are at it, something just like this for Lyme
               | disease and TBE would be the icing on the cake.
        
               | theultdev wrote:
               | Alright, now go ask all of your neighbors if they want a
               | genetically modified parasite injected into them. If
               | everyone is okay with it, then proceed.
        
               | joshuaissac wrote:
               | I already have to breathe in pollutants released into my
               | neighbourhood by other people without my consent. I have
               | to deal with the aggregated effects of bad economic
               | decisions made by others. Getting infected with a malaria
               | vaccine instead of actual malaria via a mosquito bite
               | without my consent would be the most benign of this type
               | of problem.
               | 
               | Oh, and this already happens with the attenuated polio
               | vaccine. People can catch the vaccine from those who have
               | been immunised, in a similar way to how they could catch
               | the virus. Delivering the vaccine the same way the
               | pathogen spreads also allows people to opt out by
               | following the same techniques they would to avoid the
               | actual disease. You can use mosquito nets, mosquito
               | sprays, etc., to help avoid both malaria and the
               | mosquito-delivered vaccine.
        
           | ChrisClark wrote:
           | Just like a mosquito does?
        
           | autoexec wrote:
           | The entire problem is that we can't stop someone (namely Mr.
           | Mosquito) from coming up to us with a needle full of
           | something and stabbing us with it (that they already stabbed
           | other people with) without our consent.
           | 
           | I'd much prefer we got rid of Mr. Mosquito, but if we won't
           | (or can't) we can at least make sure that what's in that
           | jerk's needle stops killing people every day.
        
             | theultdev wrote:
             | We can get rid of disease-carrying mosquitos, many
             | countries do it.
             | 
             | You can modify them to not reproduce if you're modifying
             | them already for this instance.
             | 
             | If it's a matter of "won't" then we should ask "why not",
             | instead of allowing someone to do this.
        
               | kevlened wrote:
               | > We can get rid of mosquitos, many countries do it.
               | 
               | Curious to know where I can find no mosquitoes, other
               | than Iceland and Antarctica.
        
               | theultdev wrote:
               | Thailand and many asian countries have eradicated the
               | troubling mosquitos (not entirely but with great success,
               | especially in urban areas)
               | 
               | The US has also had great success in their eradication
               | and mitigation programs.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | They're more likely to give you dengue than malaria, but
               | one thing Thailand has definitely not eradicated is the
               | likelihood of getting bitten by mosquitos with great
               | regularity...
        
               | theultdev wrote:
               | Yes and you still get bit in the US but malaria is a
               | thing of the past.
               | 
               | The point is not to get rid of all mosquitos, just the
               | disease-carrying ones.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | Aren't all mosquitos that bite humans potentially the
               | disease-carrying ones? In the US we've just been fairly
               | lucky but it's not as if mosquitos carrying West
               | Nile/Zika/Chikungunya/Eastern Equine Encephalitis aren't
               | infecting Americans
        
               | j-bos wrote:
               | Maybe not mosquitos, but the US maintains a screwworm
               | wall that keeps them from eating anyone anything north of
               | Panama.
        
               | Facemelters wrote:
               | you think there's ... less risk with genetically
               | modifying a species to die out?
        
               | theultdev wrote:
               | Yes, we've been doing it for awhile in the US.
               | 
               | Thailand has also done it with great success.
        
             | Lordarminius wrote:
             | You hold a very simplistic and naive view.
        
               | pesus wrote:
               | You're welcome to contribute anything to the conversation
               | besides blindly throwing out insults with no explanation.
        
               | greycol wrote:
               | The person he's replying to has a simplistic view, his
               | view is "injecting parasites into people without their
               | permision bad" a very fine view to have. However we're
               | discussing a situation where these parasites are infact
               | symbiotes, were alternatives are more deaths.
               | 
               | We're also not doing it from a position of "mosquitos
               | couldn't be used to spread human selectable things to
               | kill humans before and now people suddenly can spread
               | genetically modified killer parasites".
               | 
               | The one thing this research does is add the ability to
               | spread immunity to malaria through mosquito population it
               | doesn't change anything else about what could be spread
               | by mosquitos before. People have been using animals to
               | spread disease as a weapon of war since medieval times
               | this is not a new vector that will suddenly be exploited.
               | 
               | This can only be a good thing unless you view the
               | vaccines as a danger worse than the disease (which with
               | such a widespread and deadly disease would be rather
               | unlikely in any objective sense) or to be simplistic you
               | believe in the inalienable right to be a vector to spread
               | diseases to those around you.
        
             | canucker2016 wrote:
             | That'd be Ms./Mrs. Mosquito.
             | 
             | from https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/about/about-mosquito-
             | bites.ht...                   - Female mosquitoes bite
             | people and animals to get a blood meal.         - Most
             | female mosquitoes cannot produce eggs without a blood meal.
             | - Male mosquitoes do not bite people and animals.
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | Have you heard about the old style glass injectors?
        
           | yreg wrote:
           | Seems like you just described mandatory vaccination. Which is
           | indeed great in case of many vaccines.
        
           | aredox wrote:
           | People are already infecting other people without my consent.
           | How do you think I got COVID, the flu, etc.?
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _conspiracy theorists are going to have a field day with this
         | news_
         | 
         | From what I've been able to tell, conspiracy theorists are
         | hosts unto themselves. If you have the chance to talk to one
         | deep in the weeds in person, it's fascinating how you can throw
         | out literally any assertion, back it up with negative evidence
         | ("can't really go into that"), and see the pick up. (It's best
         | to do this outside your own context. As an American, it's
         | easier to see the nonsense abroad.)
        
       | l3x4ur1n wrote:
       | It seems to me the people here don't live in malaria infested
       | countries. I think the victims would be gladly bitten by a
       | vaccine than a deadly virus.
        
         | ChrisClark wrote:
         | The vaccine misinformation has created entire groups of people
         | irrationally terrified of them. :( And those people are only
         | going to cause more death and suffering because of their
         | ignorance. :(
        
           | throwway120385 wrote:
           | There's a big difference between intentionally exposing a
           | single consenting person to a modified pathogen for the
           | purpose of giving them resistance and intentionally releasing
           | a modified pathogen into the environment and allowing it to
           | spread by its usual vector to the consenting and unconsenting
           | alike without any regard.
           | 
           | If this were a virus created using gain of function research
           | we would call it a biological weapon. But because the intent
           | is different we're supposed to be excited and accepting of
           | it?
           | 
           | The road to hell is paved with good intentions.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Although I agree that medical consent is important and the
             | road to hell is so paved:
             | 
             | > But because the intent is different we're supposed to be
             | excited and accepting of it?
             | 
             | One could say that it's the intent which varies between a
             | heart transplant and an Azrec blood sacrifice.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | > One could say that it's the intent which varies between
               | a heart transplant and an Azrec blood sacrifice
               | 
               | I would say that consent is the key distinguishing factor
               | and intent follows afterwards.
        
               | theultdev wrote:
               | > One could say that it's the intent which varies between
               | a heart transplant and an Azrec blood sacrifice.
               | 
               | Heart transplants are from consenting donors that have
               | recently diseased, not living victims murdered solely for
               | their organs. Blood sacrifices do not involve taking the
               | heart and saving a live either. So no intent is not the
               | variance there.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | That sounds as much "intent" as what I replied to.
               | 
               | Which is why I gave that exact example.
        
             | tempestn wrote:
             | People take actions every day that affect others, some
             | negatively and some positively, and don't receive consent
             | for each one. We don't need consent to put exhaust or other
             | harmful chemicals into the air, and those are an explicit
             | negative. Something like this could be a huge positive,
             | potentially saving millions of lives. If the projected
             | benefits to risks are sufficient (and I'm not saying they
             | necessarily are, but if that turned out to be the case
             | based on further testing), there is a point at which it
             | would be worthwhile, despite it not being possible to get
             | individual consent.
        
             | notahacker wrote:
             | > If this were a virus created using gain of function
             | research we would call it a biological weapon.
             | 
             | Except it's the literal opposite of gain of function: it's
             | the _subtraction_ of function from a pathogen which already
             | exists in the environment and already infects people on a
             | regular basis in the environment, turning it from a deadly
             | killer into something that dies quickly and without
             | reproducing when it meets the human immune system.
        
             | wat10000 wrote:
             | Yes, you're supposed to be excited and accepting of things
             | that save millions of lives, not decry them just because
             | they have vaguely the same shape as something evil.
             | 
             | HN is having a real hard time here with the concept that
             | mass death is actually bad and something that's nice to
             | prevent.
        
               | OCASMv2 wrote:
               | Is this the only way to prevent it? No.
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | Is there a better way?
        
               | OCASMv2 wrote:
               | Yes, attack the mosquitos, not the people.
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | That's been done for decades and the problem is still
               | severe.
        
           | akira2501 wrote:
           | > vaccine misinformation has created entire groups of people
           | irrationally terrified
           | 
           | I am terrified of them but I'm fairly certain it's
           | rationalized. The medical community decided it's more
           | important to bully their patients into compliance than to
           | listen to their concerns and work with them. The vaccine
           | absolutely had side effects for some individuals and they
           | were treated very poorly, in particular at the beginning of
           | the pandemic, due to this attitude of "fighting
           | misinformation." Our medical institutions were put to
           | propaganda purposes rather than healthcare purposes and the
           | results were absolutely horrific.
           | 
           | > to cause more death and suffering
           | 
           | This is predicated on the belief that "herd immunity" is
           | valid and universal to all vaccines and that, again, bullying
           | people who are afraid into choices they're not comfortable
           | with is somehow justifiable due to it. As if letting a for
           | profit institution inject random goop into me is a natural
           | thing to _not_ be generally wary or afraid of.
           | 
           | Just because you think you have "the science" doesn't mean
           | you get a free pass on "patient rights."
        
             | wat10000 wrote:
             | It's sad to see this kind of nonsense in a place that so
             | prides itself on rationality. If a bunch of technophiles
             | can't even accept the idea that vaccination is the first or
             | second most effective medical technology in history (sewers
             | potentially taking the #1 spot) then the whole thing seems
             | completely hopeless.
             | 
             | I'm really not looking forward to the return of measles and
             | polio as common first-world diseases, but that seems to be
             | the trajectory we're on.
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | You appeal to rationality then immediately abandon it.
               | The COVID vaccine was not a traditional vaccine and the
               | definitions were changed after it's release to match it.
               | It relied on an entirely novel technology and novel
               | delivery technique that was a part of a military strategy
               | goal for a decade for no practical reason. The goalposts
               | were constantly changed and "boosters" added to
               | measurably diminished returns.
               | 
               | Which is all bad enough, but for people with your sort of
               | "rational" to then decide that vaccines are _all_
               | uncritically "good," and any questions or any sort of
               | reservations that I've just covered were thus
               | uncritically "bad" and those having them deserved to have
               | their civil rights stripped from them, is what made this
               | a horror.
               | 
               | Finally, we have sanitized water and sewers and we live
               | in first world conditions, the precursors to the diseases
               | you mention are almost entirely absent from our living
               | conditions, and those vaccinations use time tested and
               | proven technologies which haven't ever been in question.
               | Perhaps some of the popular adjuvants are worthy of
               | concern, but in your version of rationality, this is
               | apparently an evil thing to even consider out loud in the
               | presence of the vaunted "technophiles."
               | 
               | You completely fail to maintain rationality in the face
               | of a very narrow and specific critique.
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | "the definitions were changed after it's release to match
               | it"
               | 
               | Complete horseshit.
               | 
               | This sort of nonsense is what I'm talking about. It's not
               | that you're not allowed to criticize. It's that the
               | critics are full of shit and we're expected to take it
               | seriously.
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | > Complete horseshit.
               | 
               | Wonderful brand of rationality you have on display here.
               | 
               | > This sort of nonsense is what I'm talking about.
               | 
               | https://www.newsweek.com/science-fact-check-definition-
               | vacci...
               | 
               | > and we're expected to take it seriously
               | 
               | You have refused to take any of this seriously. You have
               | a preconceived idea of the world and you are absolutely
               | unwilling to accept any debate or challenge over it. You
               | are acting as a bully and not as a scientist. No wonder
               | you constantly appeal to authority.
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | Did you not notice that your Newsweek article rates this
               | claim as false?
               | 
               | Definitions are always imprecise anyway. The CDC's
               | pre-2015 definition of a vaccine wouldn't have covered
               | the tetanus vaccine, even though it's a century old and
               | there's no dispute over whether or not it should qualify
               | as a "vaccine" or not.
               | 
               | I've seen two somewhat different complaints around this
               | definition nonsense.
               | 
               | First, there's the complaint that the original definition
               | used to require that a vaccine contain a dead or
               | inactivated infectious organism, and it was changed
               | because mRNA stuff is the first time something didn't
               | work that way, and thus it's not really a vaccine. This
               | is of course completely false. Tetanus doesn't work this
               | way and there are others from well before the mRNA era.
               | 
               | The other is that the definition used to require a
               | "vaccine" to provide total immunity from infection and
               | now it doesn't, and this is because the covid vaccines
               | don't provide total immunity. This is obviously wrong
               | because no vaccine provides total immunity. There are
               | vaccines that provide a lot better immunity than the
               | covid vaccines do, but none that are 100%.
               | 
               | So yes, horseshit. This doesn't come from preconceived
               | notions of the world, it comes from knowing basic facts
               | about the world. When you read that "they" changed "the"
               | definition in order to push something, your first thought
               | should be to look up what the old one said and see if it
               | was actually an accurate definition. And you should have
               | the basic knowledge to be able to understand when it was
               | clearly deficient.
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | > Did you not notice that your Newsweek article rates
               | this claim as false?
               | 
               | Yes.
               | 
               | > Definitions are always imprecise anyway.
               | 
               | That's the same conclusion the article arrives at in
               | order to claim it as false, when in fact, it has to
               | admit, the definition _was_ actually changed. You're
               | happy they're waving their hands the same as you happen
               | to be. "Complete horseshit" is really absurd thing to say
               | in the face of this reduction of yours, isn't it?
               | 
               | > and it was changed because mRNA stuff is the first time
               | something didn't work that way
               | 
               | It was the first time something didn't work that way and
               | was additionally being mandated. The concern was raised
               | that mandating something which fails to meet the previous
               | definition of vaccine was a flaw in policy and so the
               | definition was, in fact, changed. You ironically seem to
               | notice that it was changed as a result of public policy
               | and not due to any other obvious reason.
               | 
               | > This is obviously wrong because no vaccine provides
               | total immunity.
               | 
               | Most vaccines provide total immunity. That's because the
               | disease they target is not a flu that has rapid genetic
               | mutations and where the introduction of a leaky "vaccine"
               | does not create evolutionary pressure on the target
               | disease.
               | 
               | You can move the goalposts to debating weather a Tetanus
               | "vaccine" meets the definition, but Tetanus is caused by
               | a bacteria, so almost no definition of "vaccine" will
               | apply to it anyways. Other than this oddity do you have
               | even one other example?
               | 
               | > your first thought should be to look up what the old
               | one said and see if it was actually an accurate
               | definition
               | 
               | So it changed, but it was to make it "more accurate," so
               | my claim that it was changed is somehow actually wrong?
               | You've fallen into a tautological trap. You see why I
               | consider you to be ideologically possessed?
               | 
               | > And you should have the basic knowledge to be able to
               | understand when it was clearly deficient.
               | 
               | Yet they felt the need to change at the same time they
               | introduced an entirely new vaccine and also decided that
               | people needed to take this new vaccine or have their
               | civil rights removed. That seems to be the "deficiency"
               | they were trying to correct and were not at all suddenly
               | concerned with improving accuracy at just a really
               | unfortunate time.
               | 
               | So are there any other goal post distractions you'd like
               | to hyper focus on in an effort to ignore the original
               | point?
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | The claim is that the definition was changed specifically
               | for the COVID vaccines. This is wrong, since other
               | vaccines also weren't covered by the old definition.
               | 
               | There's also a serious problem with the phrase "the
               | definition." There are many definitions. There isn't a
               | single authority which decides what a word means.
               | 
               | "It was the first time something didn't work that way and
               | was additionally being mandated."
               | 
               | Come on, seriously? The tetanus vaccine is required for
               | school in many places. Why are you saying something so
               | obviously incorrect, _and_ with an example that disproves
               | it already being part of the conversation? You accuse me
               | of not accepting debate and you do this kind of thing? I
               | can't even.
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | > The tetanus vaccine is required for school in many
               | places. Why are you saying something so obviously
               | incorrect
               | 
               | No, it isn't. You're describing the _combined_ Tdap
               | vaccine. Why are you saying something so obviously
               | incorrect, and even worse, _intentionally_ misleading?
               | 
               | Tetanus is not communicable. You see the problem with
               | your focus on this one point? You're clinging to it as a
               | defense when it's _entirely_ invalid to do so.
               | 
               | > I can't even.
               | 
               | Then why try? All you've done is inject emotion and
               | falsehoods into this discussion in order to defend your
               | ego and ideology. Just stop. It's okay that people have a
               | different opinion than you. Running around like a
               | psychopath and labeling things as "complete horseshit" is
               | an absurd response. You are doing this to yourself.
               | 
               | I'm minimizing and ignoring this thread now. Have a nice
               | Thanksgiving!
        
               | OCASMv2 wrote:
               | "Vaccine" is a category of products, each one is unique
               | and the safety and efficacy of one has no bearing on any
               | other. The reason they have such good standing is
               | selection bias. Before COVID, only vaccines that passed
               | years of rigourous testing were used and those are the
               | only ones people know to exist, giving the impression
               | that anything called "vaccine" is safe. That's wrong.
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | See Also: Swine Flu Vaccine
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | Which currently or previously widely available vaccines
               | are not safe? I can think of one, but I doubt it's the
               | one you're thinking of.
               | 
               | "Vaccines" have such good standing because the general
               | idea of improving immunity by exposing the immune system
               | to non-infectious material that closely matches some part
               | of the infectious agent works really well. There's not
               | much room for things to go wrong unless the material
               | actually turns out to be infectious, as was the case with
               | the dangerous vaccine I mentioned above.
        
               | OCASMv2 wrote:
               | > Which currently or previously widely available vaccines
               | are not safe?
               | 
               | If they were detected as unsafe during testing they
               | wouldn't be available. That's the point. You only know of
               | vaccines that passed the tests, not those that didn't.
               | 
               | > "Vaccines" have such good standing because the general
               | idea of improving immunity by exposing the immune system
               | to non-infectious material that closely matches some part
               | of the infectious agent works really well. There's not
               | much room for things to go wrong unless the material
               | actually turns out to be infectious, as was the case with
               | the dangerous vaccine I mentioned above.
               | 
               | Infectiousness is not the only risk. Look at polio
               | vaccines causing polio.
        
         | theultdev wrote:
         | It seems to me the people here think it's a good idea because
         | they know they won't be dropped on _them_ , they'll be dropped
         | in other countries.
         | 
         | The countries they live in are malaria free because they
         | eradicated the disease-carrying mosquitos and developed their
         | healthcare system.
         | 
         | Developing the healthcare system of a country helps with more
         | diseases and keeps consent. It also doesn't open you up for a
         | potential biological weapon if some entity decided to misuse it
         | (Russia, CIA, etc.)
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | Not for that much longer. I believe that our Southern States
           | are starting to see malaria mosquitoes (again -they used to
           | be here, before).
           | 
           | There's a few types of malaria, not all are deadly, but none
           | are fun.
           | 
           | But in the Climate Change Sweepstakes, Malaria has the
           | winning ticket...
        
             | aphantastic wrote:
             | Yes, Florida for instance recently had their first
             | documented cases of malaria in decades - immediately
             | following the launch of a GMO mosquito manufacturing and
             | distribution lab.
             | 
             | Not to worry: the scientists at lab promised the two events
             | were totally unrelated.
        
               | mathgeek wrote:
               | Do you have a source or specific links to learn more
               | about that lab?
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | Do you? People in malaria endemic areas understand that there
         | is some base level of resistance that develops among the locals
         | over time, the exaggeration about harm goes in both directions
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | Being downvoted a lot, I guess people don't realize it's a
           | thing? Suggest you research it
        
       | nancybelowzero wrote:
       | I had this idea when I was 7. I would spend all day outside and
       | get tons of mosquito bites, but also sometimes I would go to the
       | doctor to get shots. They seemed to me to be not entirely
       | different things, so I would wonder why they couldn't just put
       | the shots into mosquitos, since they didn't hurt as much.
       | 
       | And it turns out, you can!
        
         | theultdev wrote:
         | They're not putting shots into the mosquitos. They're modifying
         | the parasite the mosquito injects that lives in your liver.
         | 
         | When you were 7, did you yearn for modified parasites?
        
           | greycol wrote:
           | To be honest yes, lots of super hero stories about them.
           | Though to be fair they're called symbiotes when they're
           | helpful.
        
           | thebruce87m wrote:
           | My (just turned) 8 year old wants a box he can put any two
           | animals in to breed them to make a hybrid.
           | 
           | His example was a cat and a slug. He would absolutely love
           | modified parasites.
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | What was once a conspiracy theory is now longer one.
        
         | chaosbolt wrote:
         | Eventually we'll be able (as in it will be possible) to
         | pinpoint some "contrarian" gene, then make something that only
         | kills these individuals, and put it into mosquitoes.
         | 
         | Now if it's possible to do then obviously some government
         | somewhere will do it (eventually), and no one will notice
         | anything, say it's something that gives you a heart attack, and
         | say we see a spike in heart attacks in 2050, it won't even be
         | that significant since contrarian individuals are few, and just
         | like that after a year the population will be a lot more
         | docile.
         | 
         | It's still a sci-fi scenario now but it's scary to think about
         | what the future will hold.
        
           | wizzwizz4 wrote:
           | We can do basically this today. _I_ could probably do it, if
           | I decided to throw my entire life away (which, if I 'm
           | considering killing, is the minimum bar _anyway_ ) - though,
           | not reliably and not without side effects. For an
           | organisation of significant size, it's a question of how
           | sophisticated they'd want to be.
           | 
           | The main obstacle to your sci-fi scenario is that, to date,
           | no such "contrarian gene" has been identified. In fact,
           | _most_ traits you 'd want to genocide away seem tenuously
           | related to particular alleles, at best. Unless we start
           | seeing fanatical HERC2 purists, or the people making
           | bioweapons decide they don't care about collateral in the War
           | Against Redheads, we're probably safe from genetically-
           | selective mosquito-induced heart attacks.
        
             | kelipso wrote:
             | I think contrarian just means high IQ lol. Also hard to
             | test genetically. No offense!
        
               | artistic_regard wrote:
               | > I think contrarian just means high IQ lol
               | 
               | We could start fixing the reversal of the Flynn effect if
               | you killed yourself.
        
               | kelipso wrote:
               | Very intelligent response, good job!
        
               | artistic_regard wrote:
               | U are damn right!
        
         | joshuaissac wrote:
         | The attenuated polio vaccine has already worked this way for
         | more than 70 years. People can catch the vaccine like how they
         | can catch the virus. This has had positive effects on boosting
         | immunity in developing countries where the parents may be
         | unable to take their children to be vaccinated, due to work
         | commitments, expenses of travelling to the nearest clinic, etc.
        
       | mike_hearn wrote:
       | A few years ago I found myself chatting to a guy who had worked
       | as a software engineer-turned malarial epidemiologist at a well
       | known UK university. He told me he had "run away screaming" from
       | that field and switched a different one because he was so shocked
       | by what he saw in the field of malaria research.
       | 
       | As he explained it, the big problem is the field's dependence on
       | funding from the Gates Foundation. Philanthropic funding isn't
       | bad _per se_ but the issue is that Gates specifically wants a
       | legacy. That means he 's not really interested in funding
       | mitigation, he's only interested in eradication. A lot of
       | researchers in the field think eradication isn't practical, but
       | they keep their views private because you have to be gung-ho
       | about eradication if you want access to the BMG Foundation
       | funding stream. He said the result is a lot of grant proposals
       | that are deliberately either vague or deceptive so money intended
       | for eradication efforts can get spent on more useful stuff.
       | 
       | Beyond creating a culture where researchers routinely
       | misrepresent their work and views, he told me the bigger problem
       | was that it caused them to take extreme risks. Prototypical
       | example: blanket spray an area with anti-malarial drugs. If it
       | works then hooray, you eradicated malaria from that area. Until
       | it returns, that is. But if it doesn't work then you just bred a
       | new strain of malaria that's resistant to all known medications.
       | It's the same problem as over-use of antibiotics.
       | 
       | A malaria vaccine delivered by mosquito sounds like the exact
       | problem he was talking about, except times a million. One problem
       | that can occur with vaccines - that gets drowned out and censored
       | by the public health lobby and its allies - is that they can
       | cause displacement rather than eradication. In other words you
       | successfully vaccinate against one strain of the pathogen, but
       | then it mutates under selection pressure to dodge immune systems
       | that are "overfitted" to the prior strain. When invaded by the
       | new strain the body doesn't recognize quickly enough that its
       | antibodies no longer dock correctly, and so it spends a lot of
       | time creating those when it should be trying to find new
       | antibodies instead.
       | 
       | This problem is sometimes called immune imprinting, OAS or some
       | other names and it's especially nasty because it misleads
       | researchers doing drug trials. They develop a very targeted test
       | against a pathogen (PCR or so), they make a vaccine against it,
       | they vaccinate a trial population, the test drops to zero so they
       | roll it out to the wider population. Success! Except then some
       | years later some assholes point out that mortality didn't
       | actually drop in that targeted population. All that happened is
       | the pathogen mutated to the point neither the test nor the immune
       | system recognize it, and so people are just getting sick with the
       | variant instead. Unfortunately, awareness of this problem is very
       | low because anyone who points it out is immediately targeted for
       | cancellation and censorship for being an "anti-vaxxer" (they
       | aren't anti-vaccine, they just want vaccines that are broad
       | spectrum enough to actually achieve mortality reductions). Also
       | public health institutions, having rolled out a vaccine, are
       | loathe to admit in public it was all for nothing as they fear
       | that it would lower compliance in future campaigns.
       | 
       | All this is a long way of saying THIS IS BAD DON'T DO IT. The
       | risk is real that it backfires in ways that break existing anti-
       | malarial drugs, the funding situation creates strong incentives
       | to ignore this risk, and there's a history of it happening and
       | then being swept under the rug.
        
         | snowwrestler wrote:
         | Can you give a tangible example of a vaccine that was evaded to
         | the extent that there was no improvement in mortality from that
         | disease?
        
           | tokinonagare wrote:
           | He's speaking of research programs, not commercialized
           | products. It's totally believable that some researchers would
           | deploy a prototype somewhere, collect and tweak data to show
           | it's effective then never check again. I worked in a field
           | far from medicine and it was the same exact way of doing.
           | 
           | His description of funding theatre is also fitting what I've
           | seen in academia. Your question is a cheap way to try to
           | devaluate the credibility of the post (probably on an
           | ideological background), but what is written is hundred
           | percent credible for anyone with experience in research. I've
           | a friend working on pathogens for her PhD, funded by the
           | Gates foundation and when I asked a question about it the
           | answer wasn't exactly positive.
        
             | snowwrestler wrote:
             | I'm not trying to "devaluate" anything, I'm asking for more
             | information as someone who is fairly familiar with public
             | health research. Thankfully Mike was kind enough to provide
             | a substantive answer.
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | Respiratory virus vaccines can suffer this issue because of
           | how quickly those kinds of viruses mutate.
           | 
           | Flu vaccines are notorious for not reducing the mortality of
           | the elderly whilst being reported as highly effective. They
           | can even increase mortality from the flu due to late response
           | caused by overfitting. The problem is twofold here: the
           | vaccines cause displacement so they look good in trials, but
           | then they also look good in observational data because the
           | sort of people who sign up voluntarily for flu shots are just
           | paying much more attention to their health in general so
           | there's a selection bias effect. This paper tried to fix the
           | selection bias and:
           | 
           | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2728831/
           | 
           |  _" We found that flu shots reduced all-cause mortality among
           | elderly Kaiser Permanente members by 4.6% during 9
           | laboratory-defined flu seasons in Northern California. Other
           | researchers have reported that flu shots reduce mortality by
           | much greater amounts."_
           | 
           | Overfitting can exacerbate the problem by causing
           | displacement to a variant that's worse. Here's an example
           | from 2009 where Canadian authorities investigated the
           | effectiveness of the trivalent influenza vaccine on swine
           | flu:
           | 
           | https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/51/9/1017/292207?login=.
           | ..
           | 
           |  _" An outbreak investigation in British Columbia during the
           | late spring of 2009 provided the first indication of an
           | unexpected association between receipt of TIV and pH1N1
           | illness. This led to 5 additional studies through the summer
           | 2009 in Canada, each of which corroborated these initial
           | findings."_
           | 
           | The reason there's so much controversy around vaccines in
           | general is that the techniques used can easily look as if
           | they're working well whilst they actually don't. Mistakes are
           | understandable, but the incentive is then to cover things up
           | because public health officials and researchers are terrified
           | of doing anything that might support "anti vaxx" narratives
           | (e.g. admitting to mistakes).
        
             | snowwrestler wrote:
             | Thanks for the answer!
        
           | dudeofea wrote:
           | https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/vaccine/index.html
           | 
           | > In children who have not already had dengue, the dengue
           | vaccine increases the risk of hospitalization and severe
           | illness if the child gets dengue after vaccination.
           | 
           | The mechanism is most likely that wild-type dengue has
           | optimized itself a bit to infect better when covered with
           | vaccinal antibodies (antibody-dependent enhancement)
        
             | blagie wrote:
             | Dengue is one of the few diseases that it explicitly
             | targets immune cells. It hits Langerhans cells, which are
             | skin-resident monocytes (a type of immune cells), spreads
             | through the lymphatic system (part of the immune system),
             | and then to white blood cells.
             | 
             | While dengue is certainly not unique (e.g. HIV also targets
             | the immune system), but it is in the extreme minority of
             | diseases. For the vast majority of diseases, this kind of
             | response to vaccines or prior infections is simply not a
             | thing.
        
         | shkkmo wrote:
         | > As he explained it, the big problem is the field's dependence
         | on funding from the Gates Foundation. Philanthropic funding
         | isn't bad per se but the issue is that Gates specifically wants
         | a legacy. That means he's not really interested in funding
         | mitigation, he's only interested in eradication. A lot of
         | researchers in the field think eradication isn't practical, but
         | they keep their views private because you have to be gung-ho
         | about eradication if you want access to the BMG Foundation
         | funding stream. He said the result is a lot of grant proposals
         | that are deliberately either vague or deceptive so money
         | intended for eradication efforts can get spent on more useful
         | stuff.
         | 
         | Sounds like a major downside of a philathropic monopsony, which
         | is a something I hadn't previously considered.
        
         | ByThyGrace wrote:
         | Either you went back to those chats in order to write this post
         | down, or you have studied the matter yourself, because man
         | that's a lot of detail for something your friend talked to you
         | about a few years ago.
         | 
         | I'm not being skeptic, rather saying it's actually impressive.
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | He wasn't a friend, he was a guy who reached out to me
           | because of stuff I'd written about COVID. We communicated
           | over email and I encouraged him to write down a document with
           | some of his experiences in it. The stuff in my post is a tiny
           | fraction of it.
        
             | xandrius wrote:
             | I'd love to hear more about it!
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | We mostly discussed coding issues in epidemiological
               | modelling. Science has big problems with bugs because
               | scientists tend to assume programming is easy (they don't
               | get exposure to professional standards and they rarely
               | test their code). He'd been at the forefront of damage
               | control and had lots of stories.
        
         | libertine wrote:
         | > I found myself chatting to a guy
         | 
         | Can you provide some reliable sources for this?
        
         | didibus wrote:
         | > Unfortunately, awareness of this problem is very low because
         | anyone who points it out is immediately targeted for
         | cancellation and censorship for being an "anti-vaxxer"
         | 
         | I'm aware of it, I didn't have to go hunt it down or anything,
         | if you just read on any basic vaccine info or news website they
         | will teach you about vaccine imprinting, it was like all over
         | the place during Covid vaccination.
         | 
         | I'd argue, if there's anything that hurts being able to talk
         | about those nuances more openly, it's the anti-vaxxers that
         | jump at anything to shout demon. There's a ton of challenges,
         | and issues with vaccines, or with making a car for that matter,
         | there's a million ways to do it where it is harmful, deadly,
         | dangerous, etc. That's almost the case for every single
         | invention ever made. But the anti-vaxx just latch on, like we
         | can't make anything that has risks into something that ends up
         | justifying it's use because you can minimize the risks enough
         | to warrant it being a net positive. Again, same as cars.
         | 
         | What you are talking about in terms of the methodology and the
         | current environment for research is not great, but in all
         | honesty, it's always like this, any field of research or
         | engineering, and yet somehow inventions and innovations to come
         | out of them ever so often, and progress is made. If you peek
         | under the cover of everything we ever invented from the past,
         | it'll seem just as dirty and broken.
        
         | JoshTko wrote:
         | Really great summary and framework
        
         | dudeofea wrote:
         | > Except then some years later some assholes point out that
         | mortality didn't actually drop in that targeted population. All
         | that happened is the pathogen mutated to the point neither the
         | test nor the immune system recognize it
         | 
         | Seems the incentives are such that you would want to make a
         | virus PCR test using a narrow range of epitopes that you were
         | targeting with the vaccine. That way, if/when you get
         | breakthrough infections you can just say "well I don't see any
         | virus!"
         | 
         | See bug, create unit test, fix unit test, no more bug. User
         | complains bug still happens, you ignore because your unit tests
         | still pass.
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | Yes. Well it's not an incentive issue, PCR is just incredibly
           | specific when used correctly.
        
         | wbl wrote:
         | All cause morality is pretty underpowered and you should still
         | see the causative agent in sequencing. I don't think what you
         | are suggesting has ever happened.
        
       | acyou wrote:
       | For those interested, I would suggest checking out Spillover by
       | David Quammen. It goes into detail on why eradicating/eliminating
       | zoonotic diseases isn't really feasible without also eradicating
       | the host populations. I stumbled onto it and read it early on
       | during SARS-CoV-2, it will give you a new perspective on the
       | management of disease in general.
       | 
       | As for eradicating host populations/mosquitoes, it's not the
       | greatest idea. Ecosystems are complicated and don't generally
       | benefit from that sort of interference. Maybe if it's a recently
       | invasive species, sure, as long as other species don't get
       | inadvertently by-caught. Drastically simplifying - birds need to
       | eat too, and they tried to do this style of ecosystem management
       | in the past and it has had brutally adverse effects for ecosystem
       | stability.
       | 
       | I think that this is an incredible development, but also seems
       | kind of destabilizing. It's hard to say without seeming or being
       | callous, that it seems good now, but we need to try to predict
       | outcomes far into the future. That is to say - people think they
       | are smart to have done it, and yeah it's doable, but is it really
       | such a great idea to throw such a series of proverbial monkey
       | wrenches into our proverbial biological engines?
        
         | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
         | > _As for eradicating host populations /mosquitoes, it's not
         | the greatest idea...birds need to eat too_
         | 
         | This is a false dichotomy. Malaria is transmitted by only
         | specific and very small subset of mosquitoes. There would still
         | be plenty of mosquitoes if you eliminate the ones that cause
         | unimaginably massive population harm.
        
           | blastro wrote:
           | False equivalency, perhaps? Big assumption that all mosquito
           | sub-species affect their environment in the same way.
        
             | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
             | We know that they share predators. We know that they share
             | environments. We know that they share impact patterns. We
             | also know that more than half a million people die from
             | malaria every year.
        
               | blastro wrote:
               | Certainly we must be missing some factor from this
               | analysis
        
               | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
               | > _Certainly we must be missing some factor from this
               | analysis_
               | 
               | This is like saying nobody should ever take any medicine
               | ever, even after years of study and analysis, because
               | there might be some unknown harm that we haven't yet
               | identified from it because we aren't looking in the right
               | places. And yet we have collectively decided that taking
               | medicine when we are sick is actually a good thing to do,
               | because being sick in known catastrophic ways is
               | objective and true while the unknown unknown is purely
               | hypothetical and unfounded.
               | 
               | Well millions upon millions of people are dying,
               | objectively and truly, and we can stop it. And what you
               | have to say against a proposal that has had substantial
               | risk analysis already done, where the harms have been
               | determined to be nil, is something completely unfounded
               | without a basis in any known mechanism in the real world.
               | 
               | It has been analyzed to death. At some point it becomes
               | important to recognize that further objection on the same
               | basis that has already been rebutted time and again is no
               | longer clever and is just obstructionism with a willfully
               | catastrophic cost.
        
               | danparsonson wrote:
               | > This is like saying nobody should ever take any
               | medicine ever, even after years of study and analysis
               | 
               | Surely no-one would argue against the benefits of
               | antibiotics, and yet after decades of successful use
               | we're only now discovering that in using them, we're
               | breeding resistant bacteria that we have no way to deal
               | with. We're clever monkeys but we should remember that
               | however hard we think, we can always miss something
               | important, especially when we're talking about large
               | complex biological systems.
               | 
               | If we can develop effective vaccines then I personally
               | don't see the need to start deliberately exterminating
               | species, even the truly loathesome ones.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Surely no-one would argue against the benefits of
               | antibiotics, and yet after decades of successful use we
               | 're only now discovering that in using them, we're
               | breeding resistant bacteria that we have no way to deal
               | with_
               | 
               | People have been _constantly_ arguing against all kinds
               | of medicine, including antibiotics. And we have solutions
               | to resistant bacteria. It 's a social problem of
               | developing expensive new antibiotics while restricting
               | their market to the last line of defence. And finally,
               | the analogy breaks down: we _did_ develop and deploy
               | antibiotics, and have been able to see the consequences
               | and adapt as a result.
               | 
               | We're mindlessly eradicting species all the time. There
               | might be a trolley problem in intentionally nuking one.
               | But that's, again, socio-philosophical. If the first
               | ecosystem we eradicate in collapses, against the
               | predictions of practically _every_ expert in the field,
               | we can stop. In the meantime, we avoid a useless debate
               | that costs millions their lives.
               | 
               | > _If we can develop effective vaccines then I personally
               | don 't see the need to start deliberately exterminating
               | species, even the truly loathesome ones_
               | 
               | Again, a social problem. It's easier to get rid of the
               | diseasse by taking out mosquitoes than it is to
               | continuously convince populations to get vaccinated into
               | perpetuity. (To say nothing of vaccines' adverse
               | effects.)
        
               | danparsonson wrote:
               | > ... the analogy breaks down: we did develop and deploy
               | antibiotics, and have been able to see the consequences
               | and adapt as a result.
               | 
               | Not sure what you mean here; I was replying to this:
               | 
               | > Certainly we must be missing some factor from this
               | analysis
               | 
               | > ---
               | 
               | > This is like saying nobody should ever take any
               | medicine ever, even after years of study and analysis,
               | because there might be some unknown harm that we haven't
               | yet identified from it because we aren't looking in the
               | right places.
               | 
               | ...my point being that we _are_ now facing previously
               | unknown harms despite the best research available at the
               | time (maybe antibiotic resistance itself was foreseen,
               | but did anybody warn about hospital run-off and
               | agricultural usage creating reservoirs of resistance-
               | breeding via competition and horizontal gene transfer
               | inside sewage systems? This is the sort of unforeseen
               | consequence I 'm talking about).
               | 
               | > We're mindlessly eradicting species all the time. There
               | might be a trolley problem in intentionally nuking one.
               | But that's, again, socio-philosophical. If the first
               | ecosystem we eradicate in collapses, against the
               | predictions of practically every expert in the field, we
               | can stop. In the meantime, we avoid a useless debate that
               | costs millions their lives.
               | 
               | This is exactly the kind of hubris I'm arguing against.
               | 
               | The fact that we're doing it all the time anyway is not
               | an argument to do more of it. It's a compelling reason to
               | do less.
               | 
               | Ecosystems don't generally exist in total isolation from
               | each other, and don't just collapse when we poke them.
               | Far more likely is that we will cause a problem that
               | takes years or more to manifest, by which time it's out
               | of our control and much more difficult or impossible to
               | fix.
               | 
               | The debate is not useless when we're meddling with things
               | that we don't fully understand, with unknown consequences
               | for the environment that we live in. _This_ is the
               | trolley problem - do we save people from malaria now at
               | the cost of potentially worse problems in the future?
               | Since we don 't know for sure what effect our
               | intervention will have on a grander scale, what can't
               | know what if any damage we're doing further down the
               | line. I think it's OK to consider that carefully; in the
               | meantime, vaccines are still our best option, and social
               | problems are generally easier to quantify and address;
               | we're pretty good at human psychology these days.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | > To say nothing of vaccines' adverse effects.
               | 
               | I don't follow this part. Can you provide some examples?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Can you provide some examples_
               | 
               | Every vaccine has some fraction of the population is
               | affects adversely. We're super strict about that hazard.
               | But it exists. Eradicating a mosquito isn't risk free,
               | but it's (a) one and done and (b) strikes me as less
               | risky.
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | Antibiotic resistance was foreseen pretty much from the
               | start. And this is hardly a cautionary tale. Antibiotic
               | resistance just makes antibiotics less effective, and
               | you're still better off than you were without
               | antibiotics.
               | 
               | A better example would be something like tetraethyl lead,
               | which poisoned (indeed continues to poison) huge numbers
               | of people for relatively minor gain. Even then, the
               | problems were known, the profit motive just won out over
               | the don't-poison-everyone motive.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | > birds need to eat too
         | 
         | There's a big difference between eliminating all mosquitoes and
         | eliminating just malaria-carrying mosquito species. IIRC
         | studies show that if you eliminate malaria-carrying mosquito
         | species that other mosquito species very quickly take over this
         | ecological niche.
        
         | exabrial wrote:
         | I don't believe mosquitoes are a keystone species in any
         | ecosystem... I remember hearing this, not sure if it's true.
        
         | zamalek wrote:
         | As I understand the situation with mosquito eradication, there
         | are highly specific places where mosquitos are a critical
         | source of biomass (I think the Arctic tundra was one example).
         | In all other places they are completely and utterly worthless.
         | Blood-eating (never mind species that are parasite vectors) are
         | also a tiny percentage of the overall biodiversity, the nectar
         | species could easily fill the gap.
        
           | soperj wrote:
           | Female mosquitoes bite to produce eggs, male mosquitoes feed
           | on nectar and pollinate plants. Some orchids can only be
           | pollinated by mosquitoes.
        
             | jvanderbot wrote:
             | Fair trade.
        
             | Modified3019 wrote:
             | So no one misunderstands, there are over 3000 species of
             | mosquitos, but most biting species of mosquitos only go
             | after birds/amphibians.
             | 
             | Only a small number of species (single digit percentage) go
             | after mammals. And even less than have been found to be
             | vectors for disease.
             | 
             | The basic point is that yes, we can wipe out selected
             | mosquito species via eradication programs (like sterile
             | mate release) with zero consequence outside of healthier
             | people, because human hazardous mosquitos aren't unique to
             | the ecological niche they fill.
        
               | smegger001 wrote:
               | better than sterile male we could release fertile ones
               | genetically modified to only have male offspring that in
               | turn only have male offspring inside handful of
               | generations there are no female mosquitos left.
               | 
               | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10795774/
        
               | Modified3019 wrote:
               | Oh that's interesting, thanks.
        
           | chpatrick wrote:
           | The problem is that you might only find out they're important
           | after you wipe them out, at which point it will be too late.
        
             | jvanderbot wrote:
             | Will it be too late? We could move region by region and
             | give a few years to see any changes. It's a two-way door
             | that way.
        
               | chpatrick wrote:
               | I think collapsing the ecosystem of one region is already
               | bad enough.
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | The point is that if an ecosystem needs to be "collapsed"
               | to effect beneficial change for the humans living there
               | in order to not die of illnesses, then so be it. Even
               | referring to removing mosquitoes as "collapse" is not
               | understanding the core argument, because not all collapse
               | is bad and not all preservation is good; there is no
               | value judgment in saying collapse but you are adding one
               | there inherently.
        
               | chpatrick wrote:
               | If the foodchain collapses it's much worse for humans
               | living there than malaria.
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | Sure, but it's unknown whether it will or not, that is
               | what is being discussed.
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | What part of the food chain is foundational on mosquitos?
               | These are hypotheticals not rooted in any concrete
               | argument.
               | 
               | I realize this is a dumb starting point, but ... Cows
               | don't eat mosquitos, Feed corn is not pollinated by
               | mosquitos, Orange groves do not require mosquitos. What,
               | specifically, are we afraid of?
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | I mean that certainly sounds unequivocally true.
               | 
               | But "collapse" is not what I'm saying. If you were to
               | remove mosquitos in a localized region and observe the
               | effects on the region's ecology, you could witness the
               | problems, reintroduce the bugs, and revitalize the region
               | (probably it'd recover anyway).
               | 
               | Mosquitos are fairly localized. Their range upperbound is
               | 7 miles. Some just fly 300 feet and breed around your
               | house. There are plenty of ecological phenomena that are
               | managed in "a few miles" ranges, like fish populations,
               | forests, etc.
               | 
               | I haven't heard a compelling reason in any of these
               | threads to believe that it's actually dangerous to remove
               | them from a few sq mile area.
               | 
               | There's no reason to be absolutist about problems we can
               | manage, just based on unobserved worst case solutions
               | with no risk profile attached.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | You're making arguments based on pure faith. There is no
               | substance to anything you're saying.
        
         | equestria wrote:
         | We have already thrown and will throw a lot of wrenches into
         | the works. We have extensively reshaped the planet to the
         | benefit of some species and the detriment of many others.
         | 
         | It's a risk, but it's not worse than the thousands of other
         | risks we've already taken. Given the absolutely insane amount
         | of death and suffering caused by mosquito-borne diseases, it's
         | probably also a justifiable one.
        
         | waveBidder wrote:
         | I've yet to hear a single ecologist equivocate on eliminating
         | aedes aegypti, the primary vector for the worst vector borne
         | diseases, and have heard many endorse the idea. Even so, things
         | like Wolbachia give a means of effectively inoculating the
         | vector.
        
           | taosx wrote:
           | I also endorse that, they've somehow made way in Europe. They
           | are active during the day and are very aggressive.
        
           | duskwuff wrote:
           | The sheer amount of human and animal* suffering caused by
           | mosquito-borne diseases speaks strongly in favor of mosquito
           | eradication. Over half a million people died of malaria in
           | 2022 alone, over three quarters of them children - even if
           | there are ecological risks, they need to be weighed against
           | allowing that suffering to continue.
           | 
           | *: e.g. heartworm in dogs
        
             | dietr1ch wrote:
             | It's crazy that eradicating missiles would do way better.
             | It could even fund vaccination against mosquito-borne
             | diseases without /figuring/ around and finding out if the
             | chain reaction started by killing all the mosquitoes has
             | big consequences or not.
        
               | waveBidder wrote:
               | why are you bringing this up? It's irrelevant to the
               | topic at hand
        
               | dietr1ch wrote:
               | I agree it's sort of unrelated, but I think that people
               | are getting nerd-snipped into thinking/discussing about a
               | complicated improvement while there's easier ones right
               | in front of us and it's kind of sad that while easy on
               | theory, everyone seems already defeated by our apparent
               | inability to do something about it.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | I guess the political turn is what seems it be off place,
               | but if people were discussing how to make a program 0.5us
               | faster it'd be ok to discuss a way to shave 3s out of it,
               | even if it was a completely different approach on a
               | different part of the program. It'd mean that the effort
               | is maybe being made in the wrong place.
        
               | smegger001 wrote:
               | only Malaria has killed far more people than missiles you
               | brought up. According to estimates published in Nature,
               | over 50 billion people have suffered from Malaria over
               | the course of human history. (Whitfield, J. Portrait of a
               | serial killer. Nature 2002) that nearly half of humanity
               | lost to a single disease.
               | 
               | and unfortunately we are in warming planet where
               | Malaria's host vector range is going to increase as
               | temperatures continue to rise, destroying Malaria is one
               | of the greatest possible morale goods we could pursue.
        
               | dietr1ch wrote:
               | > over 50 billion people have suffered from Malaria over
               | the course of human history.
               | 
               | Those are long dead already, aren't they? I guess the
               | right question to be asked when thinking about taking
               | action is which one is going to kill more in the near
               | future.
               | 
               | > unfortunately we are in warming planet where Malaria's
               | host vector range is going to increase as temperatures
               | continue to rise.
               | 
               | This is a fair point and should be accounted when
               | thinking about the impact on malaria
               | 
               | > Destroying Malaria is one of the greatest possible
               | morale goods we could pursue
               | 
               | It's great for sure, maybe among the greatest ones around
               | health, but I don't think it'd go over peace.
        
               | ashoeafoot wrote:
               | its his/her job?
        
           | bsimpson wrote:
           | See also, Debug:
           | 
           | https://verily.com/solutions/public-health/debug
           | 
           | It's a Verily project that causes population collapse in
           | mosquitoes like aedes aegypti by rendering the males
           | infertile.
           | 
           | > Aedes aegypti mosquitoes carry dengue, chikungunya, Zika
           | and yellow fever diseases which have a large and growing
           | impact on human health. They live almost exclusively in close
           | association with humans, don't fly very far compared to some
           | mosquito species and are particularly difficult to attack
           | using traditional methods, such as pesticides and source
           | reduction of breeding sites.They're also extensively studied
           | in many labs around the world. We hope what we learn with the
           | Aedes aegypti in the field will be helpful in developing new
           | ways of tackling other mosquitoes and the diseases they
           | transmit.
        
           | acyou wrote:
           | I bet those same ecologists that endorse eliminating Aedes
           | aegypti have taken their fair share of mosquito bites, too.
           | Not that it takes anything away from their credibility.
           | 
           | Wow, the Wikipedia article on Wolbachia is absolutely
           | fascinating, thanks. I guess now they will push Wolbachia
           | into Anopheles and use it as another control against malaria.
        
         | lifeformed wrote:
         | But could the potential disruption to the ecosystem be as bad
         | as the 600,000 deaths per year from malaria?
        
         | directevolve wrote:
         | In response to that, I say "600,000 deaths per year, mostly of
         | African children."
        
       | yapyap wrote:
       | Irony
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | Wait until the anti-vaxxers hear about this. The anti-mosquito
       | movement is gonna be wild. "The government is controlling
       | bugs!!!"
        
         | WaitWaitWha wrote:
         | The concept and rumination over delivering bio-weapons in
         | similar fashion is not unheard of.
         | 
         | Just the top of my head - Unit 731 plague-infested fleas and
         | "Operation Cherry Blossoms" in Japan, Operation Big Buzz"
         | (1955) and "Operation Drop Kick" (1956), "Biopreparat" (1974)
         | in the USSR, and history of chucking plague-infected corpses
         | (flying dead cows anyone?) in siege warfare.
        
       | wizrrd wrote:
       | And what happens if a genetically modified parasite mutates again
       | in the wild?
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _what happens if a genetically modified parasite mutates
         | again in the wild?_
         | 
         | It would likely turn into the _status quo_ : a bastard disease
         | spread by mosquitoes.
        
       | greenleafone7 wrote:
       | There is re**ed and then there is this!
        
       | major505 wrote:
       | I could not read the whole article because It wanted me to create
       | a account, but it seens very Unethical, inoculating people
       | without their knowledge... .
        
         | blagie wrote:
         | You regularly get inject people with unknown DNA and mRNA
         | without their consent, e.g. sneezing at work.
         | 
         | It's much more ethical to do this with something tested for
         | safety than with the newest flues, colds, and covids spreading.
         | That's not to mention RSV, HSV, HPV, and all the others, as
         | well as unknown diseases.
         | 
         | Unless you continue to mask and take similar precautions, you
         | have no basis for this assertion. The things you spread have
         | had no safety testing, and in many cases, lead to specific
         | impacts like long covid, increased age-related mental decline,
         | increased odds of cancer, and others.
        
       | postepowanieadm wrote:
       | Informed consent is an essential pre-condition to providing
       | immunization.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _Informed consent is an essential pre-condition to providing
         | immunization_
         | 
         | Why does the consent need to be collected individually? We
         | don't even require collective sign off for the factory fumes we
         | each breathe daily. It seems reasonable for a government to
         | consent on behalf of its governed for something like public
         | health.
        
           | Handprint4469 wrote:
           | > It seems reasonable for a government to consent on behalf
           | of its governed for something like public health.
           | 
           | Does it? How can you guarantee that your government's
           | interpretation of "public health" matches yours?
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _How can you guarantee that your government 's
             | interpretation of "public health" matches yours?_
             | 
             | There are no guarantees in social systems. This is true for
             | governing legitimacy as well as concepts like consent.
        
               | Handprint4469 wrote:
               | Sure, being part of a democracy means I'm giving implicit
               | consent for the government to do things like raise taxes.
               | It does not mean I'm consenting to the government
               | injecting whatever they want into my bloodstream.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _does not mean I 'm consenting to the government
               | injecting whatever they want into my bloodstream_
               | 
               | By precedent, it does. Your blood contains all kinds of
               | artificial compounds, originally ingested or inhaled,
               | that came out of regulated factories or government
               | programmes. You have no say around whether you are
               | exposed to these substances individually. In the case of
               | inhalation, you have little to no control.
        
               | Handprint4469 wrote:
               | > By precedent, it does.
               | 
               | Nope, it doesn't. The fact that I have those things in my
               | blood does not mean I consented to them.
               | 
               | But I'm surprised you'd give up your bodily integrity so
               | easily. Do you trust the government that much? Or are you
               | just resigned to it?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _fact that I have those things in my blood does not
               | mean I consented to them_
               | 
               | That's the point. You didn't. You didn't have to. That's
               | the precedent.
               | 
               | > _I 'm surprised you'd give up your bodily integrity so
               | easily_
               | 
               | I actually don't love it. But the argument that such
               | measures are problematic because they sidestep an
               | individual consent that we don't bother getting in other
               | analogous situations makes it moot. I'm not disagreeing,
               | I'm saying the reasoning doesn't hold.
        
               | Handprint4469 wrote:
               | > I'm not disagreeing, I'm saying the reasoning doesn't
               | hold.
               | 
               | Fair enough
               | 
               | > But the argument that such measures are problematic
               | because they sidestep an individual consent that we don't
               | bother getting in other analogous situations makes it
               | moot.
               | 
               | I guess this is where we don't agree. If I'm
               | understanding correctly, your point is that existing
               | contaminants in the food and air are analogous situations
               | to these mosquito vaccines, and since we already don't
               | give consent for the former, we shouldn't bother with the
               | latter. I disagree: the fact that we have no control over
               | these contaminants entering our body is not a reason to
               | give carte blanche to the government to go even further.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _your point is that existing contaminants in the food
               | and air are analogous situations to these mosquito
               | vaccines, and since we already don 't give consent for
               | the former, we shouldn't bother with the latter_
               | 
               | Not quite. Contaminants as well as substances we
               | intentionally introduce into our food and water for
               | public health purposes. (Including biologics [1].)
               | 
               | And not that we shouldn't bother. But that the argument
               | for individual consent in a case where we've ample
               | history of not bothering with it, often for the best,
               | isn't a great argument.
               | 
               | > _not a reason to give carte blanche to the government
               | to go even further_
               | 
               | Sure. But it's not "going further." It's business as
               | usual.
               | 
               | One could go full R. F. K. and argue against the whole
               | enterprise. But that's a fringe position. A proven losing
               | argument. To argue against this (and other specific
               | wrongs at the far end of the spectrum) you need arguments
               | as to why _those_ cases are different. Because going from
               | N = 10,000 to 10,001 isn 't qualitatively "going
               | further," it's doing the same thing.
               | 
               | [1] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7994123/
        
           | jakebasile wrote:
           | You may want to look into the Doctor's Trial at Nuremberg for
           | why governments cannot be trusted to make decisions for
           | citizens in the name of "public health".
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _may want to look into the Doctor 's Trial at Nuremberg
             | for why governments cannot be trusted to make decisions for
             | citizens in the name of "public health"_
             | 
             | The Nuremberg trials are about why governments and people
             | cannot be trusted, period.
             | 
             | This isn't about trust. It's about what requires individual
             | consent, and for what groups can consent collectively. When
             | medicine is individually administered, best practice is
             | informed consent. But when substances are collectively
             | administered (or removed), and this ranges from water
             | sanitation to fluoridation to mandated fortification to
             | factory pollutants you get to breathe, we have deep
             | precedents that say it's fine to ask the group together and
             | skip individual consent.
             | 
             | That doesn't mean _this_ is fine. (The risk-reward seems
             | skewed to the left when eradication of malaria-carrying
             | species is on the table.) The argument is simply flawed. We
             | simply do not get individual consent every time an
             | artificial substance is introduced into peoples ' bodies.
        
               | jakebasile wrote:
               | Just because consent is routinely violated doesn't make
               | the consent violation at hand OK.
        
         | lifeformed wrote:
         | Do people consent to getting malaria
        
       | krtaxng wrote:
       | Using mosquitoes to deliver mandatory COVID "vaccines" (which do
       | not prevent infection or transmission) was considered a "far
       | right" conspiracy theory in 2022.
       | 
       | The next step is there.
        
       | gherard5555 wrote:
       | This could give some bad ideas to some peoples...
        
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