[HN Gopher] Starlink Direct to Cell
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Starlink Direct to Cell
        
       Author : tosh
       Score  : 185 points
       Date   : 2024-11-24 20:08 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.starlink.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.starlink.com)
        
       | kylebenzle wrote:
       | So they now offer direct cellular coverage whereas before only
       | offered internet?
       | 
       | This is great for regions that need to be connected and the power
       | elites, but for the rest of us it wouldn't change much.
       | 
       | I disagree with almost all of Elon's "politics" but Starlink
       | still has huge potential. Hopefully, he doesn't abuse the power
       | too much and focuses on making the world more connected, in the
       | hands of the us government and given away like GPS it could be
       | the way to go to get the whole world connected.
        
         | jxf wrote:
         | > Hopefully, he doesn't abuse the power too much
         | 
         | The best possible outcome for Starlink is that he gets
         | distracted with something else and doesn't meddle in it
         | whatsoever.
        
         | travisjungroth wrote:
         | > This is great for regions that need to be connected
         | 
         | That's at least a billion people. I don't know what the
         | intersection of that with the affordability is, though.
         | 
         | I'm writing this from an Ayahuasca center in rural Peru
         | connected with Starlink. Before, internet was a ten minute
         | drive into town away. We're now connected when at one side of
         | the center. It would be nice to have it all the way into the
         | jungle. And when you want to be disconnected, just turn your
         | phone off or leave it behind.
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | > I don't know what the intersection of that with the
           | affordability is, though.
           | 
           | My understanding is that the monthly cost for Starlink varies
           | pretty wildly across the world. Presumably the same would be
           | true for this cell service - idle satellites have the same
           | huge fixed cost and don't generate any revenue.
        
         | shafyy wrote:
         | > _Hopefully, he doesn't abuse the power too much_
         | 
         | Haha, good one.
        
       | bhauer wrote:
       | I switched to T-Mobile at the last upgrade interval because of
       | this. My family looks forward to no longer relying on Garmin
       | InReach devices when out hiking.
        
         | jebarker wrote:
         | Initially I thought the same re: hiking, skiing etc. The only
         | issue I see is that cellphone battery life is terrible compared
         | to inReach like devices. Not sure I'd want to depend on it for
         | longer than a few hours.
        
           | blinded wrote:
           | Same. Done a few trips to alaska and had to coordinate
           | pickups and food drops via garmin inreach. Battery life on
           | those is way better and more durable.
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | > The only issue I see is that cellphone battery life is
           | terrible compared to inReach like devices. Not sure I'd want
           | to depend on it for longer than a few hours.
           | 
           | I think it depends on the application you're using it for.
           | 
           | If you're constantly using the gps - yeah, I'd definitely
           | agree with you.
           | 
           | But if you're using it purely for emergency communication,
           | you can just turn off the cell phone, and it should be fine.
           | 
           | It's also possible to pursue a hybrid approach by bringing a
           | battery to change the phone.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > It's also possible to pursue a hybrid approach by
             | bringing a battery to change the phone.
             | 
             | Or, as I have done on multi-day trips, a solar panel and a
             | battery.
        
           | njarboe wrote:
           | Yea. My inReach device stays charged for months when it is
           | off.
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | Turn off your phone?
        
             | jebarker wrote:
             | With an inReach I have the option of periodically tracking
             | my position and uploading that to a site my loved ones can
             | check. Even whilst doing this I can leave the device on for
             | a multi-day trip without worrying about battery drain. I'm
             | not saying you couldn't do this with a cell phone, but the
             | inReach is just a more robust solution for a safety
             | critical application.
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | Why switch carriers for that, you can get the same
         | functionality built-in to iPhones and it's not dependent on
         | carrier.
        
           | neilalexander wrote:
           | If you aren't on an iPhone already, switching carriers might
           | be easier.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | That's a fair point. I did make some assumptions.
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | iPhone sos does not allow you to just text random stuff to
           | arbitrary people. It's emergency only and a preselected
           | "family group"
        
             | LeoPanthera wrote:
             | That is not true. If you don't know, don't guess.
             | 
             | https://support.apple.com/en-us/120930
        
             | vl wrote:
             | If you have zero signal, modern iPhone allows you to
             | connect to satellite and text using iMessage. I just used
             | it this week multiple times during massive Pacific
             | Northwest blackout.
             | 
             | Works surprisingly well. You have to be outside and hold
             | iPhone in the specifics position pointed at satellite, it
             | tells you where to turn iPhone to to get signal.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | Did they get rid of the limitation of having to setup a
               | special family group in advance?
        
         | hipadev23 wrote:
         | I'd still carry an old-school PLB (not a satellite messenger
         | subscription service) for the enduring battery-life,
         | ruggedness, and reliability when it matters. And use LTE-
         | Starlink for the basic non-urgent but super convenient
         | communication needs.
        
         | scottwd9 wrote:
         | The inReach is basically indestructible. A cell phone, not so
         | much.
        
       | rscho wrote:
       | Starlink: Direct to Target
        
       | charliebwrites wrote:
       | I wish I could pay Starlink directly and have global satellite
       | based LTE instead of having to go through a specific carrier and
       | be limited by other carriers' reciprocity to specific countries
       | and bands
       | 
       | One space based cell plan for the whole world
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | It will happen over time
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | > It will happen over time
           | 
           | I'm optimistic.
           | 
           | I think that, once SpaceX starts launch Starlink satellites
           | with Starship, they'll be able to increase their globally
           | available bandwidth by a factor of 5-10x (although it might
           | take 5 years to roll out). A lot of that bandwidth will be
           | eaten up by existing demand. But hopefully some of it will
           | enable novel services like global cell service through a
           | single provider (even if it's limited to low bandwidth
           | applications like text and voice).
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | It's not going to work inside buildings, and they would need to
         | charge you a fairly astronomical fee per minute.
         | 
         | However, a Starlink mini dish can let you cheaply make calls
         | from basically anywhere with some minor setup.
        
           | christophilus wrote:
           | > astronomical fee
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | Compared to what?
             | 
             | Traditional satellite phone corporations used to charge
             | something like 8 USD/min.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Compared to leveraging the existing cellular networks and
               | using satellites for rare edge cases. ~8$/minute or say
               | 1$/minute averages out to a more reasonable number when
               | less than 5% of calls use it.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Not for somebody whose job is outside the existing
               | networks, such as sailors.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Sailors can make calls using the ships Wi-Fi via full
               | sized Starlink dishes, they need coverage on land.
               | 
               | But even ignoring that the contention is low in the
               | middle of the ocean and satellites have hardware either
               | way, driving down the market rate for calls at sea.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | The setup cost for Starlink on a boat is still massively
               | higher than on land.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | 250$/month gets you 50GB/month on the open ocean, 1TB for
               | 1,000$/month is lower ost per GB.
               | https://www.starlink.com/boats
               | 
               | Calls are ~0.75 MB/minute which works out calling 24/7
               | for a full month for 250$, or more realistically it would
               | almost entirely be used up sending other kinds of data
               | and a sub cent per minute opportunity cost for using that
               | data on calls.
        
               | dasv wrote:
               | Yes, but compared to the setup for equivalent satellite
               | services it is very cheap. The Inmarsat antennas need
               | active compensation and they sit inside big radomes,
               | while the Starlink antennas are smaller and do not need
               | to move thanks to being phased arrays.
               | 
               | The bandwidth, latency and stability that Starlink has is
               | also leagues better than geosynch based solutions, for a
               | much lower monthly price.
               | 
               | Even without considering the better performance, the
               | price makes it viable now to have a internet connections
               | in places it did not make financial sense before.
        
               | jcims wrote:
               | Terrestrial fees
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | LEO fees?
        
               | tomjen3 wrote:
               | I think OP is pointing out the pun in this case.
        
               | bt1a wrote:
               | I concur, and I appreciate the pun :)
        
             | ubj wrote:
             | Yep, definitely beyond sky-high prices :)
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Well it's not rocket science.
        
           | ChocolateGod wrote:
           | Could Starlink receivers not act as a mesh like network and
           | broadcast LTE themselves, gaining inside coverage.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Starlink is used in low density areas. You could setup LTE
             | towers at a remote mine and use Starlink for the back haul,
             | but for their customers using WiFi calling gives the same
             | benefit without extra hardware.
        
           | User23 wrote:
           | My 5g doesn't work inside of many buildings.
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | > _One space based cell plan for the whole world_
         | 
         | The baseband on handheld devices do not have that much power to
         | transmit and receive from Starlink directly; and hence the
         | partnership with MNOs. With 5G (after Google & Meta got
         | involved, the designs took on a Cloud/Internet-heavy focus),
         | Starlink very well might have "slices" carved out exclusive for
         | its own use world over.
         | 
         | See also: _Cloudflare 's Zero-Trust SIM_ (2022),
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32982697
        
           | rblatz wrote:
           | > The baseband on handheld devices do not have that much
           | power to transmit and receive from Starlink directly;
           | 
           | That is exactly what this is about, direct from standard
           | handsets to starlink satellites.
        
           | philipwhiuk wrote:
           | > The baseband on handheld devices do not have that much
           | power to transmit and receive from Starlink directly
           | 
           | It turns out they do.
        
         | FpUser wrote:
         | >"One space based cell plan for the whole world"
         | 
         | And a single entity to decide who gets disconnected if they do
         | not behave
        
         | ggernov wrote:
         | I was curious about this! I wish this was a perk of owning /
         | purchasing a Tesla or a more expensive option of Starlink
         | terminal.
        
           | rlt wrote:
           | It's kind of crazy Tesla hasn't partnered with SpaceX to
           | provide Starlink as an option.
        
             | dzhiurgis wrote:
             | Kinda not. Generally if you got road you got reception.
             | Only wilderness areas don't. For few people who go camping,
             | etc the standalone miniterminal makes most sense.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | > Generally if you got road you got reception.
               | 
               | Er, if you got highway, maybe? I assure you there are
               | plenty of roads that have poor cell reception.
        
               | seb1204 wrote:
               | 100% speak to A German high speed rail traveller and she
               | will tell you all about the white spots
        
               | petesergeant wrote:
               | Any idea of the etymology for calling it a "white spot"?
               | Assuming this is a German thing
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | I think the fact that they haven't may be kind of
             | indicative. Last I searched it had supported maximum local
             | device density of just handful in miles.
        
         | kortilla wrote:
         | I suspect the primary reason they took this approach is that
         | licensing for these frequencies is astronomical if you want to
         | cover the entire US. That would bleed them dry as they build
         | out the constellation and try to ramp up user count.
         | 
         | Partnering with a national carrier handles the licensing aspect
         | and if the tech pans out the economics could shift to allow
         | them to buy national spectrum and offer direct service.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Are you planning to be in direct line of sight to a Starlink
         | satellite 24x7?
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | Starlink's certainly planning on that, more or less.
        
             | paxys wrote:
             | Unless they can remove buildings from this world, that
             | isn't going to be a reality.
        
         | schiffern wrote:
         | Not really feasible. The only reason Starlink DTC works is
         | because it's _not_ trying to supply coverage inside dense
         | cities.
         | 
         | Musk mentions this in the very first announcement of Starlink.
         | https://youtu.be/AHeZHyOnsm4?t=191
        
         | Reason077 wrote:
         | Starlink would need to license LTE spectrum in every country it
         | operated. Much easier to work with local carriers and piggyback
         | on their existing bandwidth.
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | I see where you're coming from, but I prefer to have the
         | relationship with a single entity (my cellular carrier) and get
         | access to both. Simpler to deal with.
         | 
         | Agreed on the potential complication if/when I'm in another
         | country, but, well, everything can't be simple...
        
         | minetest2048 wrote:
         | Adding to this: I wish I can just buy a 4G modem for my cubesat
         | and get 24/7 access through Starlink without waiting for my
         | cubesats to be in view of my groundstation...
        
           | jareklupinski wrote:
           | i wouldnt need more than 1MBit to ssh into my servers
           | comfortably, and pull directions to the nearest "full power
           | hotspot" if i want to listen to music while i work or
           | something
        
       | innagadadavida wrote:
       | Doesn't Globestar still have more satellites in orbit? With Apple
       | supporting them, hoping there will be some consumer choice. This
       | looking like regular cellular will become the new landline
       | company.
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | Globestar have 48 Satellites in orbit [1]
         | 
         | Starlink has 6,426 [2] (Though that number is likely out of
         | date by the time you read this)
         | 
         | [1] https://www.groundcontrol.com/knowledge/calculators-and-
         | maps...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.space.com/spacex-starlink-satellites.html
        
           | sebzim4500 wrote:
           | I think his point is that most Starlink satellites do not
           | have this technology, but he's probably still wrong
           | quantitatively.
        
             | grecy wrote:
             | > _I think his point is that most Starlink satellites do
             | not have this technology_
             | 
             | Ah, thanks, I missed that.
             | 
             | Wait another month, there will be at least another ~500 in
             | orbit.
        
             | nordsieck wrote:
             | To put some numbers to it, it looks like SpaceX started
             | launching direct to cell satellites at the beginning of the
             | year[1], and by July they had over 100 in orbit. Not sure
             | how many are in orbit right now, but I wouldn't be
             | surprised if it were close to 200.
             | 
             | ---
             | 
             | 1. https://spacenews.com/spacex-deploys-direct-to-
             | smartphone-sa...
             | 
             | 2. https://www.satellitetoday.com/connectivity/2024/07/03/s
             | pace...
        
         | kotaKat wrote:
         | > With Apple supporting them
         | 
         | Oh, no. Apple owns them at this point. 20% ownership, and they
         | have 85% of Globalstar's current satellite capacity for
         | themselves. GSAT isn't really putting new customers on the
         | constellations and Apple is funding all the replacement
         | hardware.
         | 
         | https://www.theverge.com/2024/11/1/24285347/apple-globalstar...
        
       | yfw wrote:
       | More unsustainable satellite pollution
        
         | lupusreal wrote:
         | You don't have a clue what you're talking about, so from what
         | did you derive these harsh feelings? Starlink satellites are in
         | LEO, without active boosting they decay in mere years.
        
           | goda90 wrote:
           | A decayed satellite doesn't just disappear though. There's
           | particulate pollution from it burning up, not to mention the
           | pollution from rocket launches.
           | 
           | There's also the light pollution that the astronomy community
           | has been complaining about for years.
        
             | lupusreal wrote:
             | Ah, "unsustainable" meaning it annoys earth-bound
             | astronomers. Cell phones in general must be unsustainable
             | then, since they annoy radio astronomers.
             | 
             | Actually, we can sustain this just fine. The public derives
             | virtually zero measurable benifit from astronomy,
             | particularly the sort done from Earth.
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | For astronomy, sinking costs of space launches present an
             | opportunity to move the actual telescopes into space, where
             | the atmosphere doesn't stand in the way at all.
             | 
             | I read a long description of an astronomer's journey to a
             | prestigious Chilean observatory deep in the desert. He
             | wasn't particularly happy about either the isolation or the
             | bloodsucking bugs that could not be entirely exterminated
             | and carried diseases.
             | 
             | Compared to that, remote work on a space-based telescope
             | might be preferable from the human perspective, too.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | There are about 6 thousand Starlink satellites out there and
         | their total count may grow to some 40 thousand in the future.
         | 
         | But even if we abstracted the LEO to just one sphere, it would
         | be quite a bit BIGGER than the Earth alone.
         | 
         | If 40 thousand, say, small cars were distributed across the
         | entire globe including oceans, would you call the result
         | "unsustainable pollution"? In fact, compared to what we live in
         | today, such a world would be positively pristine. We are used
         | to having 40 thousand cars in every city of 80 thousand people,
         | which is usually just a small dot on the map.
         | 
         | Space is big. Even near-Earth orbits are mindbogglingly huge.
         | Even if there were millions of satellites on low Earth orbits,
         | that space would still be several nines of vacuum.
        
           | OutOfHere wrote:
           | Just wait until they initiate Kessler syndrome, sending junk
           | upward, polluting the entire orbit, up and down. It's just a
           | matter of time.
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | Kessler syndrome is a theoretical construction, yet too
             | many people speak of it as a certainty-beyond-any-doubt,
             | like you do.
        
               | OutOfHere wrote:
               | Some people aren't smart enough to appreciate theory.
               | These people don't even learn the hard way either. They
               | take their disbelief and excuses to their grave. For the
               | rest of us, good theories aren't just admired from afar,
               | they're acted upon _before_ they materialize.
        
             | idunnoman1222 wrote:
             | They're in low earth orbit they eventually deorbit they
             | have a lifecycle
        
           | ant6n wrote:
           | > If 40 thousand, say, small cars were distributed across the
           | entire globe including oceans, would you call the result
           | "unsustainable pollution"?
           | 
           | Cars don't produce light pollution, which I believe is what's
           | being mentioned here.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | Misanthropes [1] look at human civilization as a disease.
         | 
         | Look instead at what we've accomplished.
         | 
         | Think about the hard steps to life and intelligent life. About
         | how silent the universe appears. Consider then how we're taking
         | leaps towards making the cold and bleak universe self-aware. We
         | are a part of evolution.
         | 
         | What would be tragic would be for this earth to simply boil
         | away. Its life giving gasses and materials to vanish, unused,
         | and life to be forgotten. Return to an unthinking rock.
         | 
         | [1] Maybe it's uncharitable to label you as a misanthrope, but
         | looking broadly at this behavior in general.
        
           | unsnap_biceps wrote:
           | I think it's fair to be concerned about what we're losing
           | without being labeled as a Misanthrope. I think the progress,
           | in its entirety, is worth it, but I'm still a little sad at
           | the night sky having even more artificial things that take
           | attention away from the stars. Looking at the night sky as a
           | child seemed timeless to me, and that's no longer the case.
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | You can't see Starlink satellites in the night sky except
             | shortly after sunset or before sunrise when they are still
             | in daylight and you aren't. They don't produce visible
             | light on their own.
             | 
             | The night sky will be exactly the same otherwise so you're
             | doing a lot of handwringing over nothing.
             | 
             | Real astronomers are complaining about many other things.
             | Streaking in long exposures and noise in other spectrums.
             | But that's not relevant to anyone looking at the sky with
             | the naked eye or an amateur telescope.
        
           | carstenhag wrote:
           | I'm sort of undecided here. Yeah it's great for some use
           | cases & many people, we should probably do it, seems worth
           | it.
           | 
           | But also, before having 40k thingies on the orbit that will
           | decay/break within years, why not think of a better strategy
           | or the implications of this? We shouldn't repeat all the
           | mistakes we have made in the past.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | A lot of smart people have been trying to think of a better
             | strategy for decades. This appears to be the best we can do
             | within our current understanding of physics. A better
             | strategy would require antigravity technology or faster
             | than light communications or something similarly unlikely.
        
       | reizorc wrote:
       | Does this mean they can track the location of specific IMEIs from
       | orbit?
        
         | kylebenzle wrote:
         | They always have been...
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | spacex? No, the direct to cell sats require much larger
           | antenna to pick up cell signals. The regular Starlink sats
           | aren't capable of that.
        
         | lupusreal wrote:
         | HawkEye 360 has been doing this for a few years.
        
           | maxrmk wrote:
           | This is really interesting. Based on their wikipedia I can
           | see they collect a lot of RF traffic - are IMEIs identifiable
           | with the raw data captured that way? I'm surprised they are
           | not encrypted. I say this as someone who knows nothing about
           | the space.
        
             | bri3d wrote:
             | In 2G/3G networks, IMSI is unencrypted in the initial
             | handshake process while the handset gets a TMSI, so it can
             | very trivially be passively observed, but only at specific
             | points in time.
             | 
             | In 5G this is somewhat fixed - the handset uses its Home
             | Network Public Key to encrypt the device-specific IMSI
             | (producing a SUCI) which only the Home Network can decrypt.
             | The MCC and MNC (carrier information) are still sent in the
             | clear to allow the encrypted SUCI to route to the correct
             | Home Network for decryption.
        
           | dzhiurgis wrote:
           | Which means military has been doing this for decades
        
       | mrtksn wrote:
       | What I wonder about the Starlink constellation is, how secure it
       | is physically? There are people burning down 5G towers. How
       | plausible would be for a conspiracy nut to create a rocket to
       | take out the satellites? Maybe starting a cascading effect?
        
         | bitmasher9 wrote:
         | If you can make a rocket that reaches a Starlink Satellite then
         | there are many other targets the same rocket can hit that would
         | be more damaging.
         | 
         | Rockets are a military technology, and are treated as such.
        
           | mrtksn wrote:
           | Lot's of conspiracy theorists have become quite wealthy with
           | the raise of Bitcoin, as it was very popular among them early
           | on.
           | 
           | Military tech or not, its just atoms. Very interesting people
           | are quite rich now, they will have access to precision
           | machining advanced materials and chemicals if they have the
           | motivation.
        
             | rblatz wrote:
             | This is such an unhinged take, what if a super villain
             | decided to build missiles to attack satellites? You
             | understand that's something nation states struggle with,
             | that billionaire status doesn't even guarantee success on.
             | 
             | Some bitcoin bro with a net worth in the millions is not
             | building orbit reaching guided missiles in their garage.
             | And if they were the satellites would be the least of our
             | concerns.
        
         | xnzakg wrote:
         | I doubt there is enough overlap between people able to build a
         | rocket capable of taking out satellites and people who are
         | afraid of 5G.
        
           | ant6n wrote:
           | Could perhaps melt them with a powerful laser?
        
         | markasoftware wrote:
         | > how plausible would it be for a conspiracy nit to create a
         | rocket to take out the satellites?
         | 
         | not plausible at all. Most /countries/ aren't able to launch a
         | rocket to orbit.
        
           | mrtksn wrote:
           | Those countries just don't have the motivation to do such a
           | thing. Those who have the motivation had done it despite
           | embargoes.
        
         | Tostino wrote:
         | At the level of nation-state funding, sure thing that's
         | possible.
        
         | nordsieck wrote:
         | It's not very likely.
         | 
         | USC students just broke the non-government, non-corporate
         | rocket launch altitude record, reaching 143.25km[1]. But that
         | is still a long way from the ~500km that Starlink operates at.
         | 
         | On top of that the person would have to develop a guidance
         | system and payload capable of targeting and sufficiently
         | damaging one of these satellites - not an easy feat.
         | 
         | Finally, it seems unlikely that a single hit would cause a
         | chain reaction. There aren't that many satellites that are part
         | of Starlink. Imagine 6000 cars spread over the surface of the
         | Earth. Except that they're even more sparse than that because
         | many of them are at different altitudes.
         | 
         | Additionally, SpaceX has already had to deal with the result of
         | the debris field from the Russian Cosmos satellite that was
         | destroyed by a Russian anti-satellite missile.[2]
         | 
         | Starlink has a lot of protection compared to other
         | constellations since the satellites occupy such low orbits that
         | most debris spontaneously deorbits in 5-10 years.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | 1. https://viterbischool.usc.edu/news/2024/11/usc-student-
         | rocke...
         | 
         | 2. https://spacenews.com/starlink-satellites-encounter-
         | russian-...
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | They don't fly sun synchronous orbits, so a giant vertical
         | laser cannon near equator running 24/7 can kill them all in
         | matters of days. I think. Carrying this out likely also
         | constitute a de facto declaration of war against the US.
        
       | daRealDodo wrote:
       | Can anyone explain how upload would work? How can an unmodified
       | cellphone upload data to a satellite?
        
         | mise_en_place wrote:
         | Your cell phone uses the nearest base station, the base station
         | will handover to the satellite infra.
        
           | rblatz wrote:
           | No, that's just satellite backhaul for a cell tower. That's
           | not hard, but also typically if you can get power to a base
           | station you can run fiber along the same poles the power runs
           | on.
           | 
           | This is direct from handset to satellite, it's clearly
           | explained in the link.
        
             | Gare wrote:
             | > That's not hard, but also typically if you can get power
             | to a base station you can run fiber along the same poles
             | the power runs on.
             | 
             | Or a directional microwave link to the next station in
             | sight.
        
           | Gare wrote:
           | Why do you need satellite if you can connect to a base
           | station? This makes no sense.
           | 
           | No, they claim direct phone to satellite link.
        
           | navigate8310 wrote:
           | Aren't those satellites going to generate simulated cell
           | tower signals so you won't require any modification
           | whatsoever?
        
         | maccam94 wrote:
         | very slowly, with the radio at maximum power, and no
         | obstructions
        
         | mbreese wrote:
         | My thinking is that you can think of Starlink satellites as LTE
         | towers that just happen to be ~350 miles away from your phone.
         | It happens to work because while they are far away, the
         | satellites have a very clear line of sight (directly down) with
         | few (no) obstacles.
         | 
         | The complication is that the base stations will be moving much
         | more rapidly than traditional terrestrial towers.
        
         | emusan wrote:
         | There are a few factors that make this possible:
         | 
         | 1. As others have pointed out, the link budget (how much energy
         | loss a particular radio link can handle before it is broken)
         | for D2C satellites assumes a nearly direct line of sight from
         | your handset to the satellite. This is much easier to achieve
         | with satellites in space than it is with traditional cell
         | towers that might have numerous walls/buildings in the way.
         | 
         | 2. The D2C satellites use massive phased array antennas that
         | are able to point a very narrow beam very accurately to the
         | ground. This provides a substantial amount of antenna gain that
         | further helps the link budget. The gain from the antennas
         | allows the satellites to pick up even relatively weak signals
         | from a handset.
         | 
         | There are other tricks as well, but these account for the
         | largest differences. Of course, doppler gets in the way, but it
         | is a solvable problem.
        
       | rafram wrote:
       | I feel so, so mixed about this.
       | 
       | It's going to be unambiguously good for wilderness rescue and
       | disaster response.
       | 
       | But I like camping and hiking in remote areas in order to remove
       | myself from the world. And I think the lack of connectivity
       | discourages unprepared people from taking on more than they can
       | handle in the wilderness. If the wilderness becomes fully
       | connected, will it spoil that feeling? Will it lead to the last
       | few truly remote places in the US suddenly being overrun with
       | TikTok crowds? I honestly have no idea, and it's a little scary.
       | 
       | But it feels like an anachronism that we don't already have
       | worldwide connectivity, and I guess this was just bound to
       | happen.
        
         | Gare wrote:
         | There are virtually no unconnected places in most of Europe yet
         | wilderness is still dangerous. It is good that rescue services
         | can help you if accident happens (and it can happen even to the
         | adequatly prepared).
        
           | rafram wrote:
           | Definitely. But when Apple released their Satellite SOS
           | feature, I expected that to remain the cutting edge for a
           | while, and for all devices to eventually gain very limited
           | satellite emergency call capabilities. Instead, it seems like
           | we're going straight from most devices having zero
           | connectivity in the (US) wilderness to all devices having
           | connectivity everywhere in the world, as soon as next year.
           | That's a lot of change to come all at once.
        
           | growt wrote:
           | ,,There are no unconnected places in most of Europe" Then you
           | haven't traveled with the German railway yet!
        
         | aaomidi wrote:
         | Honestly, lack of connectivity completely makes these places
         | you speak of inaccessible for a lot of people.
        
         | jrflowers wrote:
         | People have been making TikTok videos in the wilderness this
         | entire time, they just wait until they get service to upload
         | them.
        
           | rafram wrote:
           | Sure, and people were making YouTube videos in the wilderness
           | before that, but the accessibility that came with TikTok and
           | Instagram created a phenomenon increased demand tenfold at
           | many parks. That's why you have to _win a lottery_ to hike
           | Angels Landing in Zion now.
           | 
           | Now we get wilderness livestreams! What will that do?
        
             | jrflowers wrote:
             | > Now we get wilderness livestreams! What will that do?
             | 
             | My guess is there will be some more wilderness livestreams
             | streams, largely made by the people that are already going
             | out to these places to produce content.
             | 
             | Are you particularly worried about a group of people that
             | so far had no interest at all in taking pictures or videos
             | in the wilderness but will now show up in droves to make
             | competing bits of strictly-live content? Who are these
             | users??
        
             | handfuloflight wrote:
             | > Now we get wilderness livestreams! What will that do?
             | 
             | Encourage others to explore the wilderness?
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | or like most other tech - do the opposite "why would I
               | explore in person when I can watch it from my couch"
        
             | jes5199 wrote:
             | surely there are other wildernesses? is demand so high that
             | there aren't any left?
        
       | cj wrote:
       | > ENGINEERED BY SPACEX
       | 
       | It would be very interesting to see some kind of diagram
       | depicting all of the corporate entities Musk is involved in and
       | how each entity does business with one another.
       | 
       | xAI just raised billions to help Tesla build out FSD (or at least
       | that was part of the pitch).
       | 
       | His empire is divided into so many corporate entities, but they
       | all cross-pollinate and are clearly under his direct control for
       | the most part.
       | 
       | The closest comparison I can think of is Berkshire Hathaway (one
       | person/group controlling multiple wide ranging private and public
       | companies).
        
         | lupusreal wrote:
         | Starlink and SpaceX have an even closer relationship than most
         | other Musk companies; Starlink is a wholly owned subsidiary of
         | SpaceX.
        
           | tgma wrote:
           | > Starlink is a wholly owned subsidiary of SpaceX.
           | 
           | Starlink is not a separate entity -- it's a division of Space
           | Exploration Technologies Corp.
           | 
           | From Terms of Service[1]:
           | 
           | > Your order for two-way satellite-based internet service
           | ("Services") and a Starlink antenna, Wi-Fi router and mount
           | ("Starlink Kit" or "Kit") is subject to the terms ("Terms")
           | of this Starlink agreement for the United States and its
           | territories. These Terms, those terms incorporated by
           | reference, and the details you agree to in your online order
           | ("Order") form the entire agreement ("Agreement") between you
           | ("customer" or "user") and Space Exploration Technologies
           | Corp. (known as "Starlink" in these Terms).
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.starlink.com/legal/documents/DOC-1020-91087-
           | 64?r...
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | Starlink isn't a company. It's a product offered by spacex.
           | Just like Falcon, Starship, and Dragon.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | While your overall question is valid, Starlink is simply a
         | division of SpaceX. There's no "relationship" to consider. They
         | are one and the same.
        
         | skissane wrote:
         | > His empire is divided into so many corporate entities, but
         | they all cross-pollinate and are clearly under his direct
         | control for the most part.
         | 
         | My understanding is that, given Tesla is a public company, any
         | collaboration between Tesla and other Musk companies needs to
         | be approved by the board (or maybe by other C-suite executives)
         | without Musk in the room. Musk can come up with the idea for a
         | collaboration, but then the decision that it is in the best
         | interests of Tesla and all its shareholders to proceed with the
         | collaboration needs to be made independently of him.
         | 
         | By contrast, I don't think the rules apply as strictly to his
         | other companies since they are privately held. The law cares a
         | lot more about protecting shareholder rights in public
         | companies than in private ones.
        
           | Hamuko wrote:
           | Wasn't Musk pulling Tesla engineers to go work on Twitter?
        
           | elAhmo wrote:
           | The board at Tesla is basically Elon's buddies. There is no
           | oversight or independence there, they do what he wants.
           | 
           | If law was applied equality to billionaires as it does to
           | regular people, he would be in jail for fraud.
        
             | briandear wrote:
             | If shareholders are happy, what business is it of yours? If
             | they aren't happy, they can sell the shares.
        
               | dullcrisp wrote:
               | SEC destroyed
        
               | elAhmo wrote:
               | Following the law should be above the shareholder gain.
               | Mentality like yours is what got us in this situation
               | where people are blatantly abusing the government for
               | personal gain.
        
             | User23 wrote:
             | > The board at Tesla is basically Elon's buddies. There is
             | no oversight or independence there, they do what he wants.
             | 
             | This is true at most companies with a competent CEO.
             | 
             | My uncle had an inimical board that tried to remove him,
             | but he somehow replaced them all one by one before they
             | could. Needless to say he replaced them with people who
             | didn't want to remove him ("buddies"; but what kind of a
             | leader surrounds himself with people that want him to
             | fail?). He's never told me how he did that despite my
             | asking several times.
        
               | calmbonsai wrote:
               | Some companies have board governance rules that mandate a
               | majority of the board seats be of "outside and
               | independent" individuals, but of course this can easily
               | be gamed and, of course, these rules themselves can be
               | put to a vote during shareholder meetings.
               | 
               | Still, it's always worth considering these structures
               | before one invests--especially in med-to-large-cap public
               | companies.
               | 
               | Alternatively, in private small-cap and venture-boards,
               | the seats are nearly always filled by founders and lead
               | investors and I would argue that's a "good thing".
        
         | Onavo wrote:
         | Berkshire is very different, they are a hedge fund/holding
         | company and their main business is trading companies.
        
         | samwillis wrote:
         | It's similar (ish), but I think unfortunately the comparison
         | distracts from your core point and observation.
         | 
         | Musk Inc. is, in essence, a privet equity company. He raises a
         | fund, and invests it along with his own cash into a business he
         | knows well, and with which he believes he can disrupt the
         | status quo.
         | 
         | He's very hands on, understanding all the important core
         | details, setting culture, and pushing _hard_. But he also
         | delegates to experts he brings in to run his businesses.
         | 
         | It's obviously not the same as PE, but there are distinct
         | similarities. With each of his companies he clearly can't take
         | an active role all the time, but what his team are experts at
         | is identifying the areas he needs to be on top of, and they
         | will quite literally fly him in for it. It seems to me it's
         | always the start of something, be it a new company or project.
         | He will be there 24/7 getting it off the ground, but then hand
         | over to lieutenants to run.
         | 
         | It's a formula that seems to work again and again. We're (well
         | those of you in the US) are in for an interesting time over the
         | coming year as he has a new project to kick start.
        
           | cj wrote:
           | I'm curious why this is being downvoted (seems to hit the
           | nail on the head)
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | You're describing a corporate conglomerate, in style of pre-
         | modern to early industrialization era.
        
       | unsnap_biceps wrote:
       | I really wonder if anyone is going to be able to catch up to
       | SpaceX anytime soon. Kuiper seems dead in the water, the legacy
       | operators seem unwilling to expand into LEO constellations.
        
         | FL33TW00D wrote:
         | Rocket Lab and Peter Beck are your best hope!
        
       | CtrlAltmanDel wrote:
       | How can it be that a LTE smartphone, costing ~$100 and doing all
       | the things a smart phone can do, and being designed to connect to
       | a cell network via a tower a few miles away, can somehow also
       | function as the pizza sized $500 Starlink dish?
        
         | maccam94 wrote:
         | It uses a different transceiver on the satellite which is
         | broadcasting a ~standard LTE signal, at a miniscule data rate
        
         | kortilla wrote:
         | It doesn't. The throughput here is multiple orders of magnitude
         | lower than what you get from Starlink
        
       | tedd4u wrote:
       | >E-UTRAN Node B, also known as Evolved Node B, is the element in
       | E-UTRA of             >LTE that is the evolution of the element
       | Node B in UTRA of UMTS.
       | 
       | Thanks, wikipedia! [1]
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENodeB
        
       | brcmthrowaway wrote:
       | My question is how the laser backhaul works. If the satellites
       | are constantly moving how do they adjust since lasers require
       | line of sight?
        
         | Polizeiposaune wrote:
         | The constellation is subdivided into orbital planes, with ~20
         | to ~60 satellites in each plane chasing each other around the
         | planet.
         | 
         | The following is somewhat speculative:
         | 
         | The bearing to the next satellite ahead or behind you in the
         | same plane should be roughly constant; likewise, the bearing to
         | satellites in adjacent planes orbiting in the same direction
         | will change slowly during most of the orbit.
         | 
         | Near the poles the required slew rate will likely be too high
         | to keep the side-to-side links working but that's also a part
         | of the planet where subscriber density will be low so losing
         | that capacity for periods of a few minutes when near the poles
         | likely won't matter.
        
       | faebi wrote:
       | Which bandwidth can a phone reasonably expect given nobody around
       | for kilometers? Are we talking kbits or mbits? Is there some kind
       | of theoretical maximum?
        
       | heywoods wrote:
       | Does this allow the ability to circumvent LTE networks in
       | countries like China? Do we have the capability to send messages
       | to any/all phones in China if we (USA) wanted to?
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | Technically, yes. But there's no way they would actually do
         | that. Good question about the emergency message feature...
        
         | pyrale wrote:
         | For that, Starlink would have to use the frequency band that
         | the phone (and, therefore, the relevant operator) is using.
         | Such frequencies are assigned by states to operators, and using
         | them from space would be extremely easy to detect. That is why
         | Starlink either has to make a deal with in operators, or
         | acquire a licence to use a frequency band in every country it
         | wants to operate.
         | 
         | I assume that if Starlink was trying to do this without
         | agreement, in violation of the interational treaty on radio
         | regulations, the USA would have to prevent them from doing so.
         | If the USA did not, I don't see what would prevent China from
         | shooting down Starlink's constellation.
         | 
         | As a side note on the technology, since Starlink satellites
         | orbit 340km from earth, I wonder if they emit a directed
         | signal. If they don't, I don't see how they intend to respect
         | borders when sending messages down.
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | Yes, the beams are highly directional.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | Technically yes.
        
       | Reason077 wrote:
       | This is supposed to launch in New Zealand during 2024, in
       | partnership with a local carrier. Was being heavily hyped a year
       | or so back, but I haven't heard much recently?
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | The Commerce Commission charged One NZ for making false claims
         | around Starlink: https://www.teslarati.com/starlink-criminal-
         | charges-new-zeal...
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | There are a few stories in the last week. Seems like it's in
         | testing but has been waiting for lower satellites with
         | appropriate capabilities:
         | https://www.interest.co.nz/technology/130898/telco-one-nz-be...
         | 
         | Probably both happening until next year:
         | 
         | > But in September the telco (and Optus across the Tasman and
         | other Direct to Cell exclusive partners) removed "launching
         | 2024'' references from its website. --
         | https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/commerce-commission-take...
        
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