[HN Gopher] History of Hangul
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       History of Hangul
        
       Author : teleforce
       Score  : 70 points
       Date   : 2024-11-24 15:46 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (zkorean.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (zkorean.com)
        
       | rickcarlino wrote:
       | I did not realize this site was still in operation- I used to use
       | it quite a bit in college over a decade ago. Sidenote that if you
       | are a tech minded person who has a strong interest in Korean,
       | feel free to reach out. I am pretty easy to find online and I'm
       | working on some Korean language related projects.
        
       | natdempk wrote:
       | Anyone know if there is a particularly great app/website out
       | there for learning Korean? Ideally opinionated, low/no "figure
       | out what to learn yourself", Anki + AI-powered for maximum
       | gain/seamless review/ease of getting more reading + writing
       | variety, and easy to use on-the-go/on-mobile.
        
         | Nadya wrote:
         | Anki for vocabulary building, Ryan Estrada's comic for learning
         | to read Hangul
         | (https://www.ryanestrada.com/learntoreadkoreanin15minutes/) as
         | it sticks true to its promise. Over 8 years ago I spent 15
         | minutes learning how to 'read' Hangul. To this day I can still
         | slowly sound things out and, at the least, read people's names.
         | It truly is a fantastic writing system although I do sometimes
         | struggle with which vowel is which that's 100% an issue of only
         | having spent 15 minutes learning.
         | 
         | Unfortunately I can't help much with learning grammar as I
         | never dove into actually learning Korean due to a dislike of
         | how it sounds. There's the "Tae Kim Japanese Grammar"-like
         | approach for a Korean grammar guide at:
         | https://www.howtostudykorean.com/ although I'm not a big fan of
         | how overly simplified (and sometimes wrong due to the
         | simplification) Tae Kim's approach for Japanese was. So I can't
         | attest as to whether How To Study Korean makes the same
         | mistakes or not.
         | 
         | As for writing - Korean is simple enough to read/write that you
         | can simply find any Korean news source and practice writing the
         | sentences as you read them.
         | 
         | You could also try checking the Korean-learning subreddit out
         | as they have a lot of resources in one of their pinned threads:
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/Korean/comments/hw4gy0/the_ultimate...
        
           | qingcharles wrote:
           | It's amazing that something that can look so alien to Western
           | eyes is actually pretty straightforward once you try to learn
           | it. I did the same and learned Hangul so I can at least sound
           | things out and do some basic Internet searches etc.
           | 
           | You can do exactly the same with other scripts, e.g. Japanese
           | hirigana and katakana, which are fairly easy to learn, and
           | also Arabic, which looks difficult, but is definitely
           | learnable in an hour.
        
         | n_plus_1_acc wrote:
         | I think LingoDeer is generally considerrd a very good app to
         | learn CJK. You can start with no prerequisites at all.
        
         | bryanhogan wrote:
         | I'm building https://tolearnkorean.com/ , but it's far from
         | finished currently, only meaningful content is an introduction
         | to Hangul so far.
         | 
         | Making it because I believe there's lots of opportunity for
         | high quality Korean learning content.
         | 
         | Also found it annoying that the majority of content out there
         | does not mention other quality resources since they want to
         | keep you in their own (lacking) ecosystem to sell you on their
         | books, coaching sessions, Anki vocabulary cards or whatever it
         | is.
         | 
         | Want to improve my own Korean by teaching it to others.
         | 
         | Also making a site currently that aims to gamify the learning
         | with flashcards, similar to some(!) questions you might see on
         | Duolingo but with your flashcards as a base. Making learning
         | with flashcards more fun and efficient.
         | 
         | I liked BillyGo's videos as a resource in the beginning. The
         | apps I have on my phone to learn are Naver Dictionary, Anki and
         | Migii. Didn't like any other apps I found.
        
         | joshdavham wrote:
         | > Anyone know if there is a particularly great app/website out
         | there for learning Korean?
         | 
         | It's extremely unfortunate but in the year 2024, there are
         | still close to no language learning apps that will actually
         | help you acquire a foreign language. I've been in this space
         | for about 6 years and the only I can recommend are Anki (which
         | isn't even a LL app) and some more obscure 'comprehensible
         | input' sites. Outside of that, there's Netflix, Spotify,
         | Audible and real life human interaction (but none of those are
         | LL apps!)
        
           | Nadya wrote:
           | Every now and again a site exists that has a massive
           | community, tons of resources, ways to speak with other
           | learners, ways to meet language exchange partners, and are
           | greatly successful. Then all of that gets gutted for what is
           | essentially a worse version of Anki but for the web when the
           | company runs out of funding and has to start turning a profit
           | somehow. This burns the community and the people providing
           | most of the value move elsewhere.
           | 
           | It's happened to italki (now iKnow), Memrise, DuoLingo, and a
           | few sites that were so short-lived I no longer remember what
           | they were called.
           | 
           | My takeaway is that language learning apps are a lot like
           | dating apps. They profit less if people actually learn a
           | language and so can't be too good at their job because
           | they'll bleed users faster than they can gain them - similar
           | to dating apps. It needs to work just well enough that users
           | are tricked into believing it is working but not so well that
           | it actually works for most people.
           | 
           | It seems like the ETA before enshittification begins is about
           | 2~3 years. If you're an early enough adopter you might
           | actually benefit from it but you have to be willing to jump
           | ship and not fall for the engagement/gamification tactics
           | that keep you sticking around after it has stopped providing
           | any value.
           | 
           | I spent way too long 'watering my garden' on Memrise before I
           | looked around and noticed all of the once useful community-
           | providing mnemonics were gone, you couldn't correct bad
           | definitions anymore, it was difficult to actually speak to
           | anyone else in the community (unless you could find them on
           | the forums), and eventually I stopped using it altogether.
           | The community I had signed up for and was a huge part of
           | Memrise's success no longer existed.
        
             | sfblah wrote:
             | My thought on this is LLMs will replace all this stuff
             | within the next 5 years. Skilled conversation partners work
             | better than these apps do anyway.
        
             | joshdavham wrote:
             | > a worse version of Anki but for the web
             | 
             | This is actually a remarkably common failure pattern for a
             | lot of language learning apps. Devs see Anki and think "I'm
             | gonna do it better! I'm gonna build Anki, but for a
             | specific language and make it a web app." ... I've lost
             | count how many of these I've seen over the years!
             | 
             | > It seems like the ETA before enshittification begins is
             | about 2~3 years
             | 
             | It's funny, I actually learned the term "enshittification"
             | specifically from friends of mine who were Memrise users.
             | It's honestly a textbook example of the phenomena.
             | 
             | Negativity aside though, I'm actually pretty optimistic
             | about this space despite all that I've seen so far. I think
             | that there's genuinely room to build great language
             | learning software that people will really benefit from. I'm
             | just really pessimistic about most of the people working in
             | the space. Without trying to exagerrate, I'd estimate that
             | probably less than 10% of people working in the language
             | learning industry are actual language learners (at best,
             | they might've learned English as a kid). When you're not
             | actively, seriously learning a language, you become numb to
             | the problems of people who actually care about becoming
             | fluent and just end up building tinder-esque games to
             | addict people with.
        
           | InsideOutSanta wrote:
           | I've been successful in learning a foreign language using an
           | app that basically consisted of reading increasingly complex
           | stories.
           | 
           | I don't want to recommend the specific app I used, because
           | it's the only one I tried, and I don't know how well it
           | compares to other, similar apps. But there are a bunch of
           | story-based language learning apps on App Stores. My
           | suspicion is that most of them work relatively well,
           | particularly compared to more typical modern language
           | learning apps like Duolingo.
           | 
           | Unlike gamified apps like Duolingo, you do need to actually
           | have the motivation to regularly use them, though. They're
           | not going to entice you with funny animations and points and
           | leaderboards and notifications and all of those things.
        
             | tokinonagare wrote:
             | > you do need to actually have the motivation to regularly
             | use them, though. They're not going to entice you with
             | funny animations and points and leaderboards and
             | notifications and all of those things.
             | 
             | That's the gist of it. Never in history there was so much
             | content in foreign languages and education material
             | available that easily and for free, including not only
             | writing but audio too (songs, movies). The thing is one has
             | to go through it, and it's taking effort over a long time
             | to get good, which is why most quit.
        
           | n_plus_1_acc wrote:
           | Out of these 4 basic components reading, listening, writing
           | and speaking, it's speaking that is by far the hardest. But
           | there's no computer that can accurately detect nuances in
           | pronunciation and tone much like a native teacher can. This
           | also applies to vacabulary choices and grammar.
        
         | thinkingofthing wrote:
         | Self-promo: I'm working on www.flashka.ai , the Anki + AI that
         | you might be looking for :)
         | 
         | It shines mainly if you have PDFs of the content you are
         | learning from which to write flashcards. The best part for
         | language learning is that, while doing reviews, you have some
         | options to generate mnemonics and examples, it was super-
         | helpful to me while learning Georgian!
        
         | glenngillen wrote:
         | http://letslearnhangul.com/
        
           | iluvcommunism wrote:
           | gamsahabnida!
        
       | kijin wrote:
       | For those wondering why OP linked to the first part of the
       | history page instead of the main page, the history is indeed one
       | of the distinguishing features of Hangul.
       | 
       | It's one of the few writing systems currently in use that was
       | deliberately designed, instead of occurring naturally over time.
       | This means that any similarities and relationships between
       | symbols that you might find are probably intended, not
       | accidental. Noticing these similarities is key to quickly
       | learning Hangul, as it greatly reduces the number of distinct
       | patterns you need to memorize. It's also fun for programmers who
       | like puzzles. :)
        
         | senkora wrote:
         | > This means that any similarities and relationships between
         | symbols that you might find are probably intended
         | 
         | Specifically, the symbols reflect phonological features like
         | place-of-articulation.
         | 
         | In general, such a writing system is called featural:
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Featural_writing_system
        
         | rachofsunshine wrote:
         | There are a few other writing systems that were deliberately
         | created. My favorite is the Cherokee syllabary [1].
         | 
         | A Cherokee man named Sequoyah ended up serving as a soldier in
         | one of the early conflicts between English settlers and other
         | Native American groups. In this case, his people were on the
         | side of English settlers against rival tribes (see [2]), so he
         | was serving alongside English soldiers in the conflict. He saw
         | them reading and writing - something he couldn't do, since the
         | Cherokee language had no written script at the time - and went
         | "wait this seems like it would be pretty useful".
         | 
         | So Sequoyah, who until this point had never encountered a
         | writing system, decides he's going to make one. He starts by
         | trying to create a symbol for every word, but decides that's
         | too difficult, so he switches to symbols for syllables instead.
         | It took him ten years to finish it, but once he did, it was
         | adopted by nearly every speaker of Cherokee within only a few
         | years. It's still the primary writing system for the Cherokee
         | language today.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creek_War
        
         | corimaith wrote:
         | Kind of amazing too that it was personally created by King
         | Sejong himself. Even today there aren't many people who can do
         | such thing, let alone a monarch whose handd would have been
         | filled by other duties.
        
       | senkora wrote:
       | Hangul is great for computer-entry, but the data representation
       | is a little tricky, because syllables are treated as a single
       | glyph and there are many syllables.
       | 
       | I found this old comment that explains it better than I can:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28287811
        
         | kijin wrote:
         | The data representation is fairly straightforward once you're
         | familiar with the composition rules, at least for modern
         | Korean.
         | 
         | Unicode simply lists all possible combinations in dictionary
         | order starting from U+AC00. So you can take any code point and
         | split out the coseong, jungseong and jongseong using simple
         | arithmetic, just like you can figure out Latin alphabets from
         | their ASCII codes.
        
           | hyeonwho4 wrote:
           | coseong = initial sound (consonant) jungseong = middle sound
           | (vowel) jongseong = final sound (consonant)
           | 
           | My understanding is that there are two possible unicode
           | encodings of Korean, one of which (MacOS) is sound by sound
           | instead of syllable by syllable (Windows). This is why Korean
           | UTF-8 filenames from MacOS appear broken on modern Windows
           | machines.
        
         | lgessler wrote:
         | This has led to work showing that models can do better
         | sometimes if you decompose these into their constituent
         | characters, e.g.: https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-
         | main.472.pdf
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | A paper on Korean where the main acronym is BTS has got to be
           | intentional, right?
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | Rare WalterBright L taken in that thread.
         | 
         | Sure, Unicode isn't the Platonic ideal of a character encoding.
         | It has warts, legacy features, and.. and it is a universal
         | encoding of all human writing. What an exceptional and
         | incredible accomplishment.
         | 
         | Could you replace it with something better designed?
         | 
         | No. No, you cannot. You can in principle design something
         | better, but that's a completely different, quixotic, and
         | useless task.
         | 
         | It's also far from impossible to implement Unicode 'correctly',
         | folks not only can, but do, routinely. It's extensively well
         | documented, there's example code, it's just work.
         | 
         | Also, if your game plan for Unicode-D includes removing the
         | most beloved and consistently demanded feature, emoji: then no,
         | that person in particular is not capable even in principle of
         | designing something better. That game has been lost before it
         | began.
        
       | rvba wrote:
       | This article is so poor.
       | 
       | Could be 2 sentences.
       | 
       | Language designed by a king.
       | 
       | Also its sad that they put the years 1393-1897 first. As if it
       | took 500 years.
       | 
       | On page 3 we learn that 4 characters are not used anymore. We
       | dont learn which characters, or why just uslesss knowledge.
       | 
       | Was this written by AI?
        
       | Scene_Cast2 wrote:
       | Some interesting niche bits: there was an attempt at Linear
       | Hangul; there is an Indonesian language (Cia-Cia) that has
       | nothing to do with Korean that uses Hangul; the original script
       | had many more letters (such as a triple dot or triangle) than are
       | currently common.
        
         | tokinonagare wrote:
         | Looks like it was more a political stun than anything really
         | wanted or useful to the population:
         | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jrca/15/0/15_KJ00009911...
         | (when reading the conclusion)
        
           | t3rra wrote:
           | Surely, Japanese article must be trustworthy when it comes to
           | things related to Kotea! lol
        
             | tokinonagare wrote:
             | I expected that kind of remarks. Contrary to Western and
             | Korean beliefs, Japanese researchers aren't obsessed with
             | shitting on South Korea 24/7. There's a lot of individuals
             | genuinely interested other languages and cultures, studying
             | things like the Korean speakers in China's Yanbei province.
             | In the article I linked, there are more references to
             | research articles on the topic written by Japanese than
             | what exists in English.
        
         | WillAdams wrote:
         | Yeah, that was related to technological limitations of the time
         | in addition to the politics of North/South.
         | 
         | Another alternate form is SKATS (Standard Korean Alphabetic
         | Transliteration System) which is used for representing Korean
         | in Morse Code.
         | 
         | https://korean.stackexchange.com/questions/3417/morse-code-w...
         | 
         | (apparently the Wikipedia article was taken down --- that
         | discussion captures the salient points)
        
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       (page generated 2024-11-24 23:00 UTC)