[HN Gopher] The size of BYD's factory
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The size of BYD's factory
        
       Author : elsewhen
       Score  : 107 points
       Date   : 2024-11-24 14:37 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | jqpabc123 wrote:
       | Just wait till Trump hits 'em with tariffs. That'll fix 'em ---
       | NOT!
       | 
       | China is rapidly de-carbonizing and leaving the West behind.
       | 
       | https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2024-07-16/chinas-renewa...
        
         | passwordoops wrote:
         | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/china-has-more-than-...
         | 
         | For reference, England consumed 1 billion tons of coal during
         | it's peak coal consumption _decade_.
         | 
         | So please stop with the "China is decarbonizing" crap, because
         | they are not. A more accurate statement is "China understands
         | the importance of energy and is applying an as-much-of-
         | everything-approach to achieve its industrial goals"
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | Also please stop comparing absolute numbers between countries
           | with more than an order of magnitude population difference.
        
           | makotech221 wrote:
           | cool now compare the population difference.
           | 
           | In order to build renewable infrastructure, you do need to
           | expend a lot of energy: mining, processing, transporting.
           | China is using coal to build up that infrastructure and
           | converting that dirty energy into clean.
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | Its not just about population. The UK was the world's
             | foremost manufacturing nation at the time, just as China is
             | now. It was the centre of manufacturing of an empire so the
             | relevant comparison is with the population of the empire.
             | There were no real alternative sources of energy - no
             | nuclear, no solar, no wind (in a form suitable for most
             | industry).
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | The British Isles were not providing food, heating,
               | cooling, electric light, raw materials etc for the
               | population of the British Empire.
               | 
               | And if you want to count the population consuming
               | industrial goods as the population that "causes" those
               | emissions, then China looks even better, because they are
               | producing goods consumed by literally billions of people.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | > The British Isles were not providing food, heating,
               | cooling, electric light, raw materials etc for the
               | population of the British Empire.
               | 
               | Most of those did not use coal in most of the empire in
               | the year of peak consumption: 1913.
               | 
               | It was providing a lot of raw materials.
        
             | passwordoops wrote:
             | So when GHG absorbs energy from the sun, it's on a per
             | capita basis?
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | No, but when talking about whether a country is emitting
               | more than its "fair" share of GHG for any reasonable
               | definition of "fair" per capita is what matters, unless
               | someone can make a convincing argument that some people
               | have some kind of natural or divine right to contribute
               | more to GHG emissions than others.
               | 
               | More details are in this comment [1].
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42229636
        
               | ivewonyoung wrote:
               | Why didn't you include England's total historical
               | contributions to GHG emissions and technologies in your
               | comparison then?
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | You are comparing a country that was probably less than 5% of
           | China's current population during that peak. And not only is
           | China 17.5% of the world's population, it is also the major
           | manufacturing hub for the majority of the world. 10 times as
           | much coal as the UK's peak is still a tiny number.
           | 
           | The reality is that China is emitting _much_ less CO2 per
           | capita than the US or Canada, and just a bit more than the
           | more industrious EU countries like Germany. And this is
           | territorial emissions: if you take into account what
           | percentage of those emissions is going into goods produced in
           | China but bought by those very countries, it 's probably
           | around the EU average if not lower.
           | 
           | Is China anywhere near a net 0 goal? No, not even close. But
           | among industrial powers, it is one of the ones that went by
           | far the most into green power.
        
           | teractiveodular wrote:
           | Yes, China still uses a metric fuckton of a coal, but they
           | _are_ decarbonizing: every year, the % of energy generated by
           | coal goes down 1%, and renewables go up 1%.
           | 
           | https://ember-energy.org/countries-and-regions/china/
           | 
           | Just to underline, this is not notional capacity (which
           | inflates solar/wind), but actual power generation. This is
           | all the more impressive because China's total consumption is
           | simultaneously increasing rapidly.
        
         | mdorazio wrote:
         | The 100% tariffs are already in place under the Biden
         | administration. Trump only needs to prevent a Mexico
         | manufacturing loophole.
         | 
         | However, BYD still has _the entire rest of the world_ to sell
         | to. They will be fine.
        
           | jqpabc123 wrote:
           | Yes, BYD will be fine.
           | 
           | And they know this is --- hence they are doubling the size of
           | their already massive factory.
           | 
           | Guess who won't be fine? US auto manufacturers. They won't be
           | able to compete anywhere other than the USA. And China loves
           | it.
        
             | api wrote:
             | US auto makers have been on the ropes since the 1980s. My
             | hypothesis is that their heyday was 50s and 60s "greaser"
             | culture and they kinda got their heads stuck in that era.
             | "Golden ages" are incredibly dangerous.
             | 
             | When people started wanting just practical small reliable
             | affordable cars as the price of gas increased and cars
             | became just an appliance they didn't respond to that market
             | and the Japanese did. It's been either sideways or downhill
             | since. The only thing keeping them alive now is
             | unnecessarily large status symbol trucks and that is a
             | limited market that will be trashed if oil spikes again.
             | There's got to be a limit somewhere to how much people will
             | pay to show off or own the libs or whatever motivates one
             | to buy an F-5000 Super Chungus.
             | 
             | They are still mostly missing the EV boat. First Tesla
             | caught them asleep and now China. Culturally they still are
             | not crazy about EVs because they do not go vroom vroom.
             | 
             | Trump might string them along a bit longer with
             | protectionism and a pull back on EVs to push more vroom
             | vroom but meanwhile BYD will eat the entire world.
        
               | wbl wrote:
               | The US consumer does not buy small new cars.
        
               | JKCalhoun wrote:
               | As has been pointed out, they sure did in the 70's when
               | there was a huge financial incentive.
               | 
               | I expect that acting like all American's want are $60K+
               | luxury cars is what is going to take the US auto industry
               | into the next massive downward spiral.
        
               | peterbecich wrote:
               | I.m.o. consumer weight on safety has dramatically
               | increased since the 70s. Frugality has decreased. Of
               | course it is an arms race with all the other giant cars
               | already on the road. Consequently GM etc. are trying to
               | appease US consumers with giant EVs.
        
               | peterbecich wrote:
               | I agree with you. I.m.o. consumer preference is the root
               | cause of the issue.
               | 
               | The 2008 bailout had some strings attached to modernize.
               | I believe the Chevrolet Spark was one of these strings: h
               | ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Spark#Third_genera
               | ti.... It was eventually discontinued.
        
               | parpfish wrote:
               | I think there's a little bit more to the golden age
               | story.
               | 
               | The "malaise era" started in the early 70s as a perfect
               | storm of fuel economy restrictions and more widespread US
               | economic woes. This lead to decades of low quality cars
               | being made.
               | 
               | US automakers not only lost out on consumers looking for
               | simple appliances to drive, but ALSO the enthusiasts that
               | liked driving and cars. The car guys that came of age in
               | this era have two choices: chase after the same American
               | muscle cars your dad liked, or switch over to imported
               | hot hatches and the JDM tuner scene
        
               | jmb99 wrote:
               | > This lead to decades of low quality cars being made.
               | 
               | Really, it was only a bit over one decade. Taking GM as
               | an example, their last great cars were produced for the
               | 1973 model year, after which point the economy,
               | emissions, and efficiency requirements resulted in
               | drastic (bad) changes. It only took until the late 1980s
               | for them to make some genuinely good vehicles though. For
               | instance, the Buick Regal/Oldsmobile Cutlass/Pontiac
               | Grand Prix from 1988 were well built, comfortable,
               | handled (relatively) well, and were very reliable -
               | especially from 1990 with the introduction of the 3.8L
               | V6, what is likely GM's most reliable engine ever built
               | (second possibly only to the small block V8). The same
               | was tru for their sports cars (while not making much
               | power out of the displacement, the TPI V8 firebird and
               | corvette were similarly efficient to European sports cars
               | at the time). Many GM cars from that era (late 1980s
               | until early 2000s) are some of the most reliable American
               | cars ever built.
               | 
               | The same is true for Ford; for example, the 1988 Probe,
               | while not the most popular vehicle, was very reliable,
               | comfortable, efficient, and well-built, likely in part
               | due to their partnership with Mazda. It could reasonably
               | be argued that as early as 1980, Ford was making pretty
               | good vehicles, with the Mercury Grand Marquis/LTD Crown
               | Victoria being well-built and reliable, if very down on
               | power with questionable efficiency.
               | 
               | Not worth talking about Chrysler because they didn't know
               | how to make good/reliable cars before the fuel crisis and
               | they certainly didn't figure out how to afterwards.
               | 
               | I know this isn't your main point but it's worth
               | considering that the US did actually figure out how to
               | build really good cars again, and it didn't take them
               | _that_ long. Mid-90s to early-00s American cars were, in
               | my opinion, at the perfect point of technological
               | advancement: CAD and high-precision /low-tolerance
               | manufacturing resulting in engines that last well over
               | 300k miles without major servicing; enough computer
               | advancement to have high precision per-cylinder fuel and
               | spark control with accurate air metering leading to
               | better power, efficiency, and reliability; and enough
               | material advancement to have interior and exterior build
               | quality that makes the car look like it wasn't built in a
               | shed. But most importantly, they hadn't figured out how
               | or where to cheap out on components, so you end up with
               | the "unreliable" components (like the 4L60e and 4T60e
               | transmissions) "only" lasting 200k miles before requiring
               | a rebuild - which in today's money is still less than
               | $1000, let alone 20-30 years ago.
               | 
               | From the birth of the US auto industry until about 2010,
               | the only period where there wasn't a single American car
               | worth buying brand new was probably 1974-1981. The
               | "malaise era" itself was by the loosest definitions only
               | about 13 years, from 1974-1987.
        
               | grecy wrote:
               | > _US auto makers have been on the ropes since the
               | 1980s._
               | 
               | Without a doubt.
               | 
               | In about 2000 the US automakers sued the EPA because
               | their proposed clean air regulations for about 2009 were
               | "impossible".
               | 
               | They were actually more lax than what Japanese automakers
               | were already selling cars for in the year 2000.
               | 
               | So the automakers sued the US government to admit that in
               | 2009 they couldn't build cars that were as clean as cars
               | Japan was already making in 2000. That says a lot.
        
               | _DeadFred_ wrote:
               | Their downfall was earlier than that. Post WW2 everyone
               | was looking to buy a new car (people kept their old one
               | during the war because production was going to the war
               | effort). The car companies had such demand they moved to
               | a 'car salesman' sales structure to milk every customer
               | as much as possible because demand was so much higher
               | than production. They got hooked on the easy money and
               | entrenched a lot of bad business practices/policies as a
               | result.
               | 
               | GM for all intents and purposes died (remember we funded
               | a whole new GM, a completely new business entity, during
               | the 2008 financial crisis timeframe) and yet new GM just
               | 'invested' 6 billion dollars in stock buybacks, millions
               | in management bonuses while conducting employee layoffs.
               | But they will have no problem coming and asking the
               | government for billions 'to remain competitive' soon.
               | F'm.
        
             | FooBarBizBazz wrote:
             | > Guess who won't be fine? US auto manufacturers.
             | 
             | The US is trying to do industrial policy (like now in
             | China, and previously in Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, and in
             | Germany before that), but without the key aspect -- _export
             | discipline_ -- that makes industrial policy work. I 'm
             | thinking about Joe Studwell's _How Asia Works_. Everything
             | I 'm seeing in the US reminds me more of the failures in
             | Indonesia and India than of the successes in Japan and
             | Korea. With the exceptions of -- "say what you will about
             | Elon, but" -- Tesla and SpaceX. Bidenonics will take time
             | to bear fruit, though, and could yet yield some successes.
             | 
             | Point is, using tariffs to protect "infant industry" is the
             | opposite of export discipline.
             | 
             | (As a side note, most of those countries also had major
             | land reform, whereas property rights -- sorry, "rule of
             | law" -- are pretty sacred in the US )
        
             | _DeadFred_ wrote:
             | The US government bailed out GM under Obama. Do you know
             | what GM did this month? They spent billions on stock
             | buybacks and millions on bonuses while firing a ton of
             | people. F'em. They aren't a car company, they are a stock
             | company that happens to make cars, a route most large
             | American companies seem to be taking (see also Boeing,
             | whose management cares so much about/is detached from their
             | product that they relocated their management away from the
             | business and to Washington DC).
        
           | kwere wrote:
           | Brazil, Turkey, Indonesia and many other countries turned
           | sour on importing chinese EVs in favour of some kind of
           | protectionism. Most developing countries dont have the
           | infrastucture for EVs. Europe hit BYD with a 17 % tariff (10%
           | being the standard)
        
             | marcodiego wrote:
             | BYD has factories in Brazil: https://valorinternational.glo
             | bo.com/business/news/2024/09/0...
             | https://en.byd.com/news/byd-company-announces-first-
             | factory-...
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | why does that matter?! :)
        
               | teractiveodular wrote:
               | When they're locally built, tariffs don't apply. Like
               | Japanese, Korean and European car manufacturers, BYD will
               | do the same in Mexico and eventually the US if necessary.
        
       | poniko wrote:
       | The scale is just insane .. hard to comprehend a 3km/2mi wide
       | factory.
        
         | Archelaos wrote:
         | To my knowledge the largest factory in the world is BASF
         | Ludwigshafen (Germany) with 10 km2. Here is an aerial photo:
         | https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:LudwigshafenBASF2017-0...
         | Followed by Volkswagen Wolfsburg (also Germany) with 6.5 km2.
         | Seems the BYD factory is competing with it for rank #2.
        
           | 1equalsequals1 wrote:
           | It will be 50 sq. km by the time the extension is finished
           | [1].
           | 
           | [1] https://twitter.com/TaylorOgan/status/1859149340897628545
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | Is there a list of the world's largest factories, in a liberal
       | sense of the word? The ones I'm aware of only consider
       | _individual structures_ [0], which excludes industrial plants
       | that span multiple buildings, like this one.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_buildings
        
         | kzrdude wrote:
         | One of the old classics in this genre of largest factories,
         | BASF, https://www.basf.com/jp/en/who-we-
         | are/organization/locations...
        
           | buildbot wrote:
           | Which if this BYD site is 2x2 miles for ~5sq km, BASF is
           | twice as large at 10sq km! Wow
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | > ~5sq km
             | 
             | I get over 6 km^2.
             | 
             | Point still taken.
        
             | HWR_14 wrote:
             | 2x2 miles is over 10km^2. Barely.
        
           | tame3902 wrote:
           | Volkswagen's main factory is also pretty large: "Spanning
           | more than 6.5 km2, the Volkswagen factory in Wolfsburg is now
           | the largest automotive plant in Europe, employing more than
           | 60,000 people."[0]
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.volkswagen.de/de/marke-und-
           | erlebnis/volkswagen-e...
        
       | mrtksn wrote:
       | I still see memes about how the large government is preventing
       | progress and causing de-industrialisation being pushed on
       | Twitter, usually putting some European countries graphs next to
       | USA graphs and showing how EU performed worse than USA after
       | 2008(I guess that's the year the regulations kicked in), however
       | they never compare China and the USA on these graphs.
       | 
       | Because then the libertarian propaganda turns into communist
       | propaganda.
        
       | ChumpGPT wrote:
       | US/German manufacturers just do assembly, they don't manufacture
       | parts, so they only need assembly plants. BYD is a vertically
       | integrated manufacturer. They make everything in-house which
       | helps drive down costs. This huge footprint results in having all
       | those different manufacturing lines under one roof. They depend
       | on no one for finished parts, the only supply chain is raw
       | materials.
        
         | saturn8601 wrote:
         | People are waking up, and to be fair, Tesla really led the way
         | in the US for the last few years because they had no choice(no
         | one would take them seriously). The question is can the West
         | turn the ship around before its too late?
        
           | hnthrowaway0328 wrote:
           | When Trump ups everything from China by 100% I guess US would
           | be able to make something with profit?
        
             | greenthrow wrote:
             | That is not remotely how tariffs work.
        
               | hnthrowaway0328 wrote:
               | Doesn't a tariff drive up prices? (or at least intended
               | for that)
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | I doubt it. It's much easier to either launder or
             | manufacture the goods in a third country, that benefits
             | from most of the same incentives that made Chinese
             | manufacturing go through the roof.
             | 
             | Americans will be buying Chinese goods with "made in
             | Vietnam" or "made in Mexico" stamped on it. The American
             | profit will be in setting up those laundering schemes
        
           | matthewdgreen wrote:
           | Depends if we keep the CHIPS act and the IRA.
           | https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/econographics/the-
           | ira-...
        
         | sbierwagen wrote:
         | Not entirely correct. Boeing, despite all the bad press,
         | actually reversed course on this recently. 787's wing was made
         | by a supplier, but 777X's wing is actually built in-house,
         | right next to the main factory, starting from carbon fiber
         | fabric.
        
           | _DeadFred_ wrote:
           | How much can Boeing do this though? My understanding is in
           | the past they used moving some of their production to a
           | country as leverage to win contracts. They are a company that
           | moved their headquarters to DC because management treats the
           | product as secondary as if they make widgets. Until they
           | reverse that they aren't moving in the right direction.
        
         | harrall wrote:
         | I believe outsourcing can be a symptom of not innovating
         | anymore.
         | 
         | Imagine having to contract out every prototype to a metal
         | working shop -- it slows down your ability to iterate because
         | you can't just go downstairs and _try it_.
         | 
         | But once you have a design set in stone, outsourcing is cheaper
         | than doing it in-house. These companies specialize in producing
         | parts with economies of scale.
         | 
         | But if you do it for too long, you kind of lose the ability to
         | quickly iterate. Striking a balance is hard.
        
         | ssl-3 wrote:
         | So the factory accepts iron ore, crude oil, coal, lithium ore,
         | bauxite, monazite, copper ores, rubber, and soy beans at one
         | end and spits out finished cars at the other?
         | 
         | They don't even outsource their nylon zip ties?
        
         | billfor wrote:
         | Just like Ford used to do.
        
         | _DeadFred_ wrote:
         | Don't forget USA auto companies also outsource their design
         | work, CAD, etc. My understanding is that TATA used to have a
         | whole floor at Chrysler.
        
         | rkagerer wrote:
         | _the only supply chain is raw materials_
         | 
         | Citation needed, this seems exaggerated. Eg. I'm sure they use
         | IC's and I'd be very surprised if the facility includes a fab.
        
           | TrackerFF wrote:
           | They, BYD, have their own semiconductor R&D and manufacturing
           | subsidiary called BYD semiconductor.
           | 
           | EDIT: Seems like it is a division, so not a spin-off.
        
       | edhelas wrote:
       | All this to produce machines of 2T to displace 80kg of human on
       | average (think about it, the battery weight more than what it
       | actually need to move on average) and maintain/develop car
       | dependency infrastructures.
       | 
       | This is the worst way of improving our efficiency and progress
       | toward a more optimized, efficient economy and reducing massively
       | our climate and biodiversity impact.
       | 
       | I want those kind of factories to produce trains, bicycles...
       | everything that can move people in a more efficient way than
       | those "cars".
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _the worst way of improving our efficiency and progress
         | toward a more optimized, efficient economy_
         | 
         | The worst except the others. Like sure, retooling our
         | metropolises might be nice. But it's also not only expensive
         | but incredibly carbon intensive, to say nothing of not wanted
         | by most of the world.
        
           | wbl wrote:
           | It's not that expensive to put down a bike lane.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _not that expensive to put down a bike lane_
             | 
             | Scale-wise insufficient. We aren't going to get to net zero
             | with bike lanes.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | Who said net zero? Perfect is the enemy of good.
        
               | jimjimjim wrote:
               | Comments like these need to be included in almost any
               | discussion about transport or in fact any discussion
               | about any change. Most people (or both sides) dismiss
               | ideas because they are not 100% perfect. And ignore the
               | fact that nothing can be perfect
        
             | robocat wrote:
             | It is outrageously expensive.
             | 
             | "Building 101km of cycleways across Christchurch to cost
             | $301m", population 405000, So that is $750 per person,
             | which is about 1% of median earnings for a year. That is
             | paid for mostly by car owners (via petrol tax and car tax)
             | and a bit by home owners.
             | 
             | And the new infrastructure is visibly under-utilised - at
             | best a few % of traffic. You could force people to bike
             | using laws and economics I guess... I would be interested
             | to see a per-trip cost analysis for cyclists.
             | 
             | There is just no way to economically justify bikelanes
             | everywhere - bikes are great for some trips and some
             | demographics.
             | 
             | Can you point me to a report that has a cost/benefit
             | analysis of adding bike lanes for a city? A city that isn't
             | "ideal" for cyclists...
        
               | pg314 wrote:
               | > It is outrageously expensive.
               | 
               | Quite the opposite.
               | 
               | > Can you point me to a report that has a cost/benefit
               | analysis of adding bike lanes for a city? A city that
               | isn't "ideal" for cyclists...
               | 
               | https://www.benelux.int/wp-
               | content/uploads/2023/03/Report_Cy...
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | The paper suggests biking only 118 days per year. The car
               | ownership costs are not "saved" - the projected savings
               | are wrong. Ownership car costs are 0.167/km and savings
               | by riding a bicycle are 0.349/km.
               | 
               | Two ignored real costs of bicycling are lack of
               | optionality (planning ahead for weather changes, locked
               | into transport mode) and carrying capacity (groceries,
               | children, sports equipment, etcetera). And I'd like to
               | see other costs of cycling (wet weather gear, helmets,
               | locks) included.
               | 
               | About the quality I expected.
        
               | nehal3m wrote:
               | 301 million dollars for 101km of infrastructure is cheap
               | compared to building highways [0]. The price of the usual
               | infrastructure is a burden on everyone as well, not just
               | car owners.
               | 
               | You shouldn't have to force anyone to choose any
               | particular mode of transport. I think people choose what
               | is most convenient and that happens to be cycling in
               | urban areas where there is safe infrastructure for it.
               | 
               | Your question reads pretty weird to me; building cycling
               | infrastructure makes a city more ideal for cyclists,
               | that's exactly the point. I didn't read it yet, but I
               | found a paper that seems interesting and in the direction
               | of your question. [1]
               | 
               | [0]https://www.worldhighways.com/news/european-highway-
               | construc... [1]https://economics.acadiau.ca/tl_files/site
               | s/economics/resour...
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | > is cheap compared to building highways
               | 
               | How about cycleways are cheap compared to building
               | airports?
               | 
               | Cycle lanes are not substitutes for highways nor
               | airports.
        
               | mkl wrote:
               | This seems to be the source of that quote:
               | https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-
               | press/news/124611551/building-10...
               | 
               | Note that this is NZ dollars, and that spend is over ~16
               | years. I.e. ~NZ$46/year/person [?] US$27/year/person at
               | current rates. The article compares the costs to road and
               | motorway costs in Christchurch.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | Bike lane construction tends to be lumped in with regular
               | road maintenance, which makes it look expensive, but the
               | really expensive part is doing repairs on the existing
               | roads. "Building bike lanes" for 300M is more palatable
               | than "fixing potholes and repainting" for 300M
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | Bike lanes and bikes aren't alternatives to most of what
             | motorized transport is providing.
        
               | wbl wrote:
               | Most car trips are very short, and commuting to a CBD is
               | easily served by transit.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | That still doesn't solve last mile supply of stores and
               | offices, nor does it solve construction, policing,
               | emergency services, etc.
               | 
               | Each of those likely has possible alternatives to
               | motorized transport, but they're all _different_
               | alternatives. Meanwhile, today, they all share the same
               | road network with regular civilian commute, sharing costs
               | and mutually improving efficiency.
               | 
               | Put differently: instead of imagining all passenger cars
               | replaced by bikes, imagine all _roads_ replaced by bike
               | lanes, then extrapolate from that.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | At least 80% of urban car trips could be replaced since
               | the invention of the e-cargo bike. That doesn't mean it
               | works everywhere, of course, but there are millions and
               | millions of people driving a single digit number of
               | miles, usually at slower than bicycle doors-to-door
               | speeds, and are never carrying 3+ kids and hundreds of
               | pounds of cargo.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Think roads, not cars.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | I am. Most of our road costs are for suburban car
               | commuters and for subsidized car storage. If it was
               | business usage and transit we'd need far fewer lanes,
               | especially since businesses would use rail transportation
               | more if the roads weren't so heavily subsidized.
        
               | dublinben wrote:
               | 30% of the US can't drive, whether because of disability,
               | age, financial hardship, immigration status, or any
               | number of other reasons. Why don't you hold the current
               | system of "motorized transport" to the same impossible
               | standard of solving all transportation needs as you
               | expect of bikes?
        
             | at_compile_time wrote:
             | The problem with car-dependent cities is that they are very
             | spread out. Why does public transit suck and why don't many
             | people use the bike lanes? Because everything is far away.
             | 
             | We've built our cities this way. Our tax system encourages
             | it (by not taxing land value directly and exempting
             | development from taxation), and our zoning requires it (my
             | city is almost entirely zoned exclusively for single-family
             | detached housing). Bike lanes are nice, but they don't make
             | a 25-km ride through endless suburbia any shorter.
             | 
             | You can't just copy the superficial traits of bikeable
             | European cities and hope to get the same results. We need
             | to fundamentally rethink the way our cities are allowed and
             | encouraged to grow.
        
         | syndicatedjelly wrote:
         | Why can't both be done? Bicycles are already cheap, and an
         | electric bike can be purchased under $1000. Not everyone is
         | capable of limiting their commute to the ~10 mile radius an
         | e-bike easily permits. Some of us still need cars,
         | unfortunately. Sometimes the weather is bad, or we have things
         | to haul around, or multiple people to move.
         | 
         | Is there some technology that enables high-speed travel and
         | weighs less than a human, which seems to be an important
         | criteria to you?
        
           | jbm wrote:
           | In Japan electric bikes were relatively cheap as you say but
           | in Canada, a bike to carry my family costs more than 5-6k,
           | closer to 10k.
           | 
           | I can't even import those electric mama charis because of
           | unwarranted concern about batteries.
           | 
           | Hard to support bike infrastructure when safetyism means bike
           | routes are only for singles and the rich.
        
         | okdood64 wrote:
         | Sounds swell. But people like cars. Not realistic.
        
         | nickdothutton wrote:
         | Unfortunately the only places in the world that I know of
         | building new cities are UAE, Saudi, Egypt, China. I don't think
         | any of those are building for car-less.
        
         | tomjen3 wrote:
         | A bicycle is not suitable for the 100km trip to see my parents,
         | and the only country that can operate trains at a satisfactory
         | level is Japan (and maybe China, but I don't trust their data).
         | 
         | So no, its either this or a gas car. Both are real solutions
         | that work, today. Changing society from the bottom up is not.
        
         | jajko wrote:
         | For the 1000th time here, even extremely well developed public
         | transport by US standards and various financial punishments for
         | owning cars is simply not enough for people to drop them, the
         | convenience is simply too high.
         | 
         | Look at Switzerland, it has all you want - one of the best rail
         | networks in the world, its tiny, rest of public transport is as
         | good as western Europe can get yet... folks still keep buying
         | new cars, highways are getting fuller every year.
         | 
         | Maybe some AI driven community (or even private fleet) of
         | shared cars to be hailed in Uber style on demand would work,
         | reducing number of cars overall and the need to own personal
         | one(s). Not there yet.
        
           | okaram wrote:
           | I don't think anyone envisions having _no_ cars; public
           | transportation make it so we don 't _need_ cars, and other
           | nudges make it so we have _fewer_ cars than we would
           | otherwise have.
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | > _All this to produce machines of 2T to displace 80kg of human
         | on average (think about it, the battery weight more than what
         | it actually need to move on average)_
         | 
         | Actually, if you pay attention to scales and sizes, it's _so
         | very little to achieve so much_. What you 're seeing is
         | tremendous efficiencies concentrated on a small piece of land,
         | affecting transportation on a vast scale.
        
         | kristianp wrote:
         | I agree that cars are at least double the mass they need to be.
         | The size of cars needed for a school run or to drive to work
         | are generally quite small, but most people seem to have giant
         | trucks for the occasional times they go camping or carry
         | something large.
        
           | felipelemos wrote:
           | > but most people seem to have giant trucks for the
           | occasional times they go camping or carry something large.
           | 
           | This is the reality in United States, but not in most of the
           | world.
        
         | acdha wrote:
         | I'm a bike commuter, all on board for transit, etc. but too
         | much of the world - especially North America - is built around
         | cars exclusively and that's not changing any time soon because
         | doing so would require things like massive rezoning to avoid
         | people needing to travel such long distances just to function.
         | 
         | If we are going to have cars, I'd prefer they be smaller, safer
         | EVs contributing  1/3  the carbon footprint of the status quo.
         | Every bit of savings buys years to make further changes, and it
         | directly saves lives and improves quality of life for a billion
         | people. Even if climate change was not happening, it'd be worth
         | doing for the improvements in cardiovascular health, disruption
         | of sleep patterns and other consequences of engine noise, local
         | water and soil pollution, etc.
        
         | p2detar wrote:
         | There is a clear reason why such factories are being built in
         | China and if you are a USA or German citizen, you wouldn't like
         | it.
         | 
         | In a BBC article from a couple of days ago [0], they hinted
         | that China intends to take the lead into transitioning
         | developing countries from fossil fuels to green tech. They
         | produce batteries, EVs and solar panels. Just this year alone
         | Pakistan of all the countries, imported 13 gigawatts (GW) of
         | solar panels. For context - the UK has 17GW of installed solar
         | in total.
         | 
         | China is aiming to take place #1 as top world economy and it is
         | near perfect how they plan to frame it - as a climate change
         | friendly initiative.
         | 
         | 0 - https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3rx2drd8x8o
        
           | lazyeye wrote:
           | How is the power being generated for all this manufacturing
           | capacity?
        
           | timomaxgalvin wrote:
           | Pakistan has better geography for solar.
        
         | pornel wrote:
         | World's response to the climate crisis is already dangerously
         | delayed, and we're at a point where we need anything ASAP.
         | We've ran out of time to massively overhaul infrastructure
         | everywhere.
         | 
         | The US and UK apparently can't even build a single high speed
         | rail line any more.
         | 
         | Car dependency sucks, but we won't be able to fix that in the
         | short term, but at least we can fix its oil dependence.
         | 
         | Cleaner grid will also need a lot of battery storage, and EV
         | demand helps scale that up.
        
           | 8note wrote:
           | I don't think it's a particularly different timescale to swap
           | from ICE to EV than to drastically reduce car dependence.
           | What makes you think there's a big difference to where
           | swapping to electric cars is easier than avoiding cars?
        
         | greenthrow wrote:
         | You might as well wish that the factories produced teleporters.
         | You're putting the cart before the horse. You have to fix the
         | demand side first. I know there's an online demand for public
         | transportation and bikes and if you are in that bubble it can
         | feel like the whole world is with you, but in the real world,
         | most people (obvs not everyone) prefers to have their own car.
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | Believe it or not, but the buses and trains are also being
         | manufactured in China. if you'd visit, you'd see that they have
         | excellent public infrastructure, with multiple redundancies
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | The number of construction vehicles doing something versus
       | sitting around waiting for labor in that shot is impressive.
        
         | edot wrote:
         | Yeah, I have never seen something like that in America in my
         | life. Always plenty of machines sitting around, and every few
         | weeks some guys will hop on them for the day, but other than
         | that they just sit there. It almost looks AI generated how
         | densely packed those are - though I assume that this is real
         | footage.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | With China's real estate sector stagnating (because they've
           | built enough housing for future demand to an excess, broadly
           | speaking), all of that capacity is moving towards clean
           | energy manufacturing.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Made_in_China_2025
           | 
           | https://thediplomat.com/2024/04/how-china-became-the-
           | worlds-...
        
             | hackernewds wrote:
             | China scaling and efficiency is really something else. it
             | seems they've latched on to something that works better
             | than even democracy and capitalism
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | They're certainly good at building.
               | 
               | Actually utilizing that capacity is something else
               | entirely; there are factories less than ten years old
               | shuttering due to overcapacity.
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/23/business/china-auto-
               | facto...
               | 
               | And the rush to subsidize more capacity is a big
               | contributor to local government debt burdens in China,
               | which is estimated to leave Chinese debt to GDP at 117%.
        
       | Teever wrote:
       | I wonder if they built that factory to be resistant to bombing
       | and how much air defense they plan to put around it when they
       | take Taiwan.
       | 
       | I also wonder how fast it can be converted to spit out drones.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | EVs on the battlefield are as of yet untested. That makes the
         | BYD factory at best possible dual use. A bad target for Taiwan
         | and its allies for a host of reasons.
        
           | Teever wrote:
           | Drones seem to be quite an important facet of the current war
           | in Ukraine and Russia.
           | 
           | I wonder how fast this factory could be converted produce
           | drones and how fast it could spit them out.
           | 
           | Imagine a circular loop of larger carrier aircraft that load
           | up FPV drones from this factory and fly to their destination
           | to drop them off only to fly back to do it again.
           | 
           | The FPV drones could have object recognition to target
           | people, artillery, infrastructure so they could operate
           | autonomously.
           | 
           | I wonder if they will put the landing pads on the factory
           | roof or next to the factory.
        
             | poniko wrote:
             | DJI is already the worlds largest drone maker, better to
             | let them continue then rebuild a car factory.
        
           | AnotherGoodName wrote:
           | In past wars factories making steel pots made helmets. I can
           | definitely imagine an ev plant making drones.
        
         | EasyMark wrote:
         | They won't be able to take Taiwan. Taiwan has enough missiles
         | to wipe out China's navy 10x over before the US steps in with
         | our navy
        
           | kaashif wrote:
           | Equally, China has enough missiles to blockade Taiwan
           | permanently. There's no reason for them to attempt an
           | amphibious landing or anything insane like that. It's unclear
           | to me what the US response would be in a blockade situation,
           | but Chinese hypersonic missiles do pose a threat to carriers.
           | 
           | This isn't Desert Storm we're talking about here, China is a
           | real threat.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | Look at a map of Taiwan. Or better, look at it in Google
           | Earth. Taiwan is a narrow island with a mountain range
           | running north-south down the middle. The developed areas are
           | west of the mountains, facing China, in a strip 15 to 30km
           | wide.
           | 
           | There's no defensive depth. And nowhere for all the people to
           | go in an attack. It's not like Ukraine, where the current
           | fighting is like battling over Iowa, one farm at a time. It's
           | more like Gaza, with too many people crammed into too little
           | land. But bigger.
           | 
           | China has a large number of truck-mounted anti-ship missiles.
           | Bringing US Navy ships in the Taiwan strait means losing many
           | of them. The PLAN has more ships than the US Navy, and is
           | building more at a high rate.
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | Wild, fascinating, frightening.
        
         | matthewdgreen wrote:
         | It's great news in the sense that this new energy storage and
         | EV production capacity is (part of) our best chance to avoid
         | catastrophic outcomes from climate change.
         | 
         | It's terrifying because we (in the West) can't seem to motivate
         | ourselves to do anything like this on the same timescale, and
         | nations that suffered similar disparities in industrial
         | capacity (not to mention energy production) haven't done well
         | in the past.
        
           | greenthrow wrote:
           | Western country populations seem to be willfully falling for
           | obvious fossil fuel propaganda over and over again. Future
           | generations will rightfully curse our names. (Including
           | today's children.)
        
         | tsujamin wrote:
         | Frightening?
        
           | wumeow wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_production_during_Wor.
           | ..
        
             | ninetyninenine wrote:
             | We Americans have more to fear from economic and
             | technological dominance than we do from military invasion.
             | 
             | As a budding superpower ready to unseat the US from it's
             | throan. All China has to do is wait for progress and time
             | to run it's coarse and emerge the victor. If anything, the
             | US is the tigger happy country as we watch the inevitable,
             | looking for any excuse to use to stop them.
             | 
             | Remember, why the hell does China give two shits about war
             | if China can surpass the US simply through economic
             | progress. They don't care, in fact they want to avoid war.
        
               | hackernewds wrote:
               | why does they have to be a winner and loser. everyone can
               | thrive? except the United States is being buoyed by two
               | main elements.
               | 
               | 1) the ability of the internet to extract value overseas
               | while untaxed in the client country 2) The H1B visa which
               | funnels the best talent from struggling countries 3)
               | strong institutions and financial and education centers
               | and 4) military industrial complex that thrives on
               | basically manufacturing conflicts with other countries
               | 
               | #4 is what is scary. not the dominance of any other
               | country itself
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | frightening! depends on your perspective of who you are ;)
        
       | brcmthrowaway wrote:
       | Can the west compete?
        
         | testfoobar wrote:
         | I don't believe so anymore - at least not in California.
         | 
         | https://www.hoover.org/research/californias-businesses-stop-...
         | 
         | "Between January 2022 and June 2024, employment in US private
         | businesses increased by about 7.32 million jobs. Of these 7.32
         | million jobs, about 5,400 were jobs created in California
         | businesses--representing about .07 percent of the US figure.
         | Put differently, if California private-sector jobs grew at the
         | same rate as in the rest of the country, they would have
         | increased by over 970,000 during that period, about 180 times
         | greater than the actual increase."
        
           | _DeadFred_ wrote:
           | Didn't California shut down surfboard blank production? You
           | can't even make traditional surfboards in California anymore.
           | They don't want jobs that produce environmental waste. Not
           | all states are like that.
        
         | bdangubic wrote:
         | west can compete. unlike byd's, which get bricked all the time
         | without infrastructure to maintain and repair them, west (and
         | japan even more so) build cars that last. this is china we are
         | talking about, the last thing I want is a car made by them...
         | :)
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | Do you have any data about that? I have only heard the
           | opposite from owners and it sounds a lot like the things
           | Americans used to say about Japanese cars prior to getting
           | stomped by them in the 80s.
        
             | bdangubic wrote:
             | two friends in russia, traveled to mexico twice this year,
             | boss from australia... story after story after story always
             | the same, amazeballs for X number of days and then get
             | bricked, interior issues, steering ...
        
           | tokioyoyo wrote:
           | This can't be a serious take, right? Chinese consumers don't
           | expect much less when it comes to maintenance and repair. And
           | given their 3M+/year vehicle production output, they're not a
           | small player.
        
             | bdangubic wrote:
             | reach out to countries that sell these cars, find people on
             | social media and/or if you have them in real life or
             | travel... these cars are absolute garbage
        
               | hackernewds wrote:
               | not sure what your perspective is based on. gi your
               | persistence, it seems it's likely not rooted in actually
               | talking to these people, but perhaps some slight
               | unconscious bias?
               | 
               | most of the things you use in your kitchen and also your
               | device. you're typing this on were manufactured in China
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | There were many terrible electric cars out of China for
           | years. Every province had its own little EV manufacturers.
           | China's car industry is less concentrated than the US, but
           | the big players are winning.
           | 
           | BYD is only the 9th largest carmaker in China. SAIC, Changan,
           | and Geeley are the top 3. SAIC and Changan are state-owned,
           | but Geeley is private, as is BYD. SAIC makes about 5 million
           | vehicles a year. General Motors, over 6 million. BYD, around
           | 3 million. Tesla, a little less than BYD.
           | 
           | Reviews of newer BYD cars are quite favorable. It's not like
           | five years ago, when China's electric cars were not very
           | good.
           | 
           | BYD has a simplified design for electric cars. The main
           | component is the "e-axle", with motor, axle, differential,
           | and wheels in one unit. There's a power electronics box which
           | controls battery, motor, and charging. And, of course, the
           | battery, made of BYD lithium-iron-phosphate prismatic cells.
           | Talks CANbus to the dashboard and driver controls. BYD offers
           | this setup in a range of sizes, up to box truck scale.
           | 
           | BYD and CATL are spending huge amounts of money to get to
           | solid state batteries. The consensus seems to be that they
           | work fine but are very hard to make. The manufacturing
           | problems will probably get solved.
           | 
           | (Somebody should buy Jeep from Stellantis and put Jeep bodies
           | on BYD E-axles. Stellantis is pushing a terrible "mild
           | hybrid" power train with 21 miles of electric range, and an
           | insanely overpriced all-electric power train. Stellantis
           | prices went through the roof under the previous (fired) CEO,
           | and sales went through the floor. Jeep sales are way down,
           | despite customers who want them.)
        
             | bdangubic wrote:
             | it will take years before they can prove that their cars
             | are made to last. I won't be lining up to buy them but in
             | 5-10 years perhaps
        
           | thewanderer1983 wrote:
           | As someone from Australia, which hasn't shut its self off
           | from the China EV market. I drive a BYD Dolphin. You should
           | be worried. They are cheaper, and more full-featured than
           | European equivalent. They aren't junk.
           | 
           | Also, they aren't the only big player from China. Australia
           | is soon getting GAC/Aion, Geely, Jaecoo, Leapmotor, Deepal,
           | Xpeng.
           | 
           | Here is an article if interested.
           | https://www.carexpert.com.au/car-news/which-chinese-car-
           | bran...
        
           | kjellsbells wrote:
           | People used to say the same things about things made in
           | taiwan, then japan, then china for things like electronics
           | and white goods. It was true until suddenly it wasnt.
           | 
           | In engineering you ultimately have to build stuff. Over, and
           | over, and over again. Youll mess it up a lot at first, and
           | then one day youll realize that you havent.
           | 
           | China is not stuck in 1965 trying to make an EV out of a
           | saucepan and a backyard forge. They learn, and they keep
           | trying. They have a domestic market that their government
           | allows to be used as a test bed for everything they are
           | doing, which sounds more coercive than it really is,
           | especially given the fierce sino-centric patriotism they
           | have.
           | 
           | If Xi can last another 20 years without a palace coup, or
           | manage a smooth transition of power that does not whipsaw
           | policy, the West is in serious trouble.
        
           | hackernewds wrote:
           | your iPhone is manufactured in China :). your view is very
           | outdated, or maybe even willfully. I'm sure they're plenty
           | capable
        
         | p2detar wrote:
         | Define "the west". There was an interesting article here in HN
         | the other day [0] "Almost 10% of South Korea's Workforce Is Now
         | a Robot". China now surpasses all the west-aligned nations in
         | terms of total industrial robots [1], however the west still
         | has the upper-hand in terms of robot to population density
         | ratio.
         | 
         | I think it is a matter of strategy and it seems China's
         | strategy is innovation, science and productivity. We on the
         | west seem to like consumption before everything else and IMHO
         | we are doing it wrong.
         | 
         | 0 - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42225091
         | 
         | 1 - https://www.statista.com/chart/31337/new-installations-of-
         | in...
        
           | timomaxgalvin wrote:
           | Depends if the Chinese need a market to export to.
           | 
           | The main issue with china is a reliance on exports and a
           | declining population...
           | 
           | All work and productivity is ultimately an enabler of
           | consumption.
        
           | richardw wrote:
           | I think another axis is an underlying cultural difference:
           | balance of collectivism vs individualism. China can say
           | "there will be a factory here" because it's overall good to
           | have one, even if a few noses are out of joint. In California
           | it's decades of fights to get a train. The trick to competing
           | is to find the right balance for the next decades. China used
           | to be all-central-planning, which was sluggish and not agile.
           | Now it's guided by central planning (great for overall
           | alignment) over many years rather than jerky 4 year stints,
           | combined with massively distributed efforts to generate high
           | levels of competition and agility. What is the optimal
           | balance for your country or state?
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | The problem with the west is that it's already developed.
         | Everything in the west is a bit like the European automobile
         | industry, it's highly refined for what it is and we expect to
         | milk it for some time to come.
         | 
         | Same thing happened with the financial institutions and
         | internet infrastructure - those who had the early versions of
         | it established early ended up lagging behind once the
         | technology was superseded.
         | 
         | The poorest countries in Europe had the best internet for a
         | while because the richest countries wanted to milk the copper
         | wires they invested on.
         | 
         | The US for long had much worse payments systems than Europe and
         | Africa because they were at advanced stage on adopting the
         | early technology.
        
           | hackernewds wrote:
           | strongly disagree. the West has almost no manufacturing
           | capability or labor force (at an affordable rate) at the
           | moment. it's almost unsustainable even for a small business
           | to be paying $20 an hour in some cities let alone run large
           | factories
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | Is it maybe because centering divs was much better career
             | choice than dealing with machines and chemicals for more
             | than a decade now? If that's changing and manufacturing
             | becomes a need, it should correct by itself.
             | 
             | The west, especially the USA invested gargantuan money into
             | high margin high scale businesses and the Chinese worked
             | their way up in dealing with atoms with help of the west.
             | Now they too can do many of the high margin stuff and the
             | west will have to re-learn how to deal with atoms.
        
         | richardw wrote:
         | Any big grouping can compete if there's enough will. Look at
         | how eg Russia has rejigged much of its war machine during the
         | Ukraine war. Look at how Ukraine has turned themselves inside
         | out to compete. At some level of pressure, countries transform.
         | How much will it take? Is simple economic pressure enough? Can
         | eg Europe gather enough of its massive educated population to
         | transform?
         | 
         | In economic competition, as with poker, if you don't know who
         | the sucker is...you're it. China has been making suckers of
         | many countries and they are slowly waking up.
        
       | barbs wrote:
       | Thanks, I hate it.
        
       | zokier wrote:
       | It's 2024, we can do better than blurry horribly blown out
       | pictures these days. Check for example
       | https://mapper.acme.com/?ll=34.39719,113.94792&z=15&t=SL&mar...
       | for cleaner shot of the site (zoom in few notches for extra
       | details). Google Maps annoyingly cuts half-way through the
       | factory site.
       | 
       | edit: that ACME mapper image looks to be from mid-2023, in more
       | recent imagery the construction on the east side has been
       | completed.
        
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