[HN Gopher] Denmark will plant 1B trees and convert 10% of farml...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Denmark will plant 1B trees and convert 10% of farmland into forest
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 165 points
       Date   : 2024-11-24 05:59 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (apnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (apnews.com)
        
       | dataflow wrote:
       | Anyone know if they plan to chop down the trees when they grow
       | and use the wood somehow, so they can capture more carbon through
       | growing new trees?
        
         | geewee wrote:
         | Yes, some of the forests will be untouched nature but a good
         | chunk of it will be for timber production.
        
           | dataflow wrote:
           | Awesome, thanks!
        
       | sidcool wrote:
       | Didn't Bill Gates once say that planting trees has no impact on
       | global warming?
        
         | ggm wrote:
         | The trees will ride through floods and reduce water flows,
         | improve species diversity for insects, birds, small mammals,
         | improve temperatures and ameliorate winds, provide shelter for
         | farm animals, can enhance grazing. And there's wood to harvest
         | in due course.
         | 
         | There's a lot more reasons to plant trees than direct AGW
         | offset.
         | 
         | A huge amount of farmland is now surplus to production. Grasses
         | and fields of weeds aren't always ideal. Taking land out of
         | production can also attract offset funding for farmers (-yes,
         | this is a secondary economic outcome and may also incur other
         | costs)
         | 
         | People are healthier around trees. People like trees. Even Bill
         | Gates may actually like trees.
        
         | notRobot wrote:
         | Trees absolutely can help with climate change, although like
         | everything in this universe, there are nuances at play, such as
         | type of tree, location, etc.
         | 
         | We have done a lot of deforestation, and that absolutely has
         | negatively impacted our climate, and we should work to reverse
         | it.
        
         | DocTomoe wrote:
         | He also once said that 640KB should be enough for anyone, so
         | ... let's take his opinion with a grain of salt. Affluence does
         | not equal wisdom.
        
           | ndjdjddjsjj wrote:
           | He denies it, and even if he said it, it was 1981 and I doubt
           | he meant "forever".
           | 
           | > Affluence does not equal wisdom.
           | 
           | True
           | 
           | Just waiting for someone to factcheck about planting trees:
           | there must be nuance. In australia we burn em to protect
           | people and the environment for example. We have done it for
           | millenia.
        
         | AuryGlenz wrote:
         | And he'd be right.
         | 
         | When those trees die and then rot or burn, that CO2 will be
         | released right back into the atmosphere. They'll temporarily
         | hold some, yeah, but it's like trying to rapidly fire a squirt
         | gun at a fire when someone else is spraying it with a firehose
         | of gasoline.
         | 
         | Especially because trees plant themselves. If they want to set
         | aside the land for forest and seed it a little to get going -
         | great - but those large tree planting operations are a waste of
         | time at best or carbon credit loopholes at worst.
        
           | simonask wrote:
           | The point of planting trees in Denmark is not to cut CO2
           | emissions. The point is to restore biodiversity and the
           | health of the environment. I assume the situation is similar
           | in countries like the Netherlands.
           | 
           | Climate and environment are two separate things, and are in
           | fact sometimes at odds with each other. Denmark is doing
           | semi-alright on climate, but is absolutely terrible on
           | environment. Aquatic ecosystems in the country are basically
           | completely destroyed by agriculture, to the point where
           | previously productive shallow waters are completely dead due
           | to oxygen depletion.
        
           | notRobot wrote:
           | The corollary to this would be that deforestation hasn't make
           | climate change worse, and a simple Google search tells me
           | that:
           | 
           | > Deforestation plays a significant role in climate change,
           | contributing 12-20% of global greenhouse gas emissions
        
             | missedthecue wrote:
             | Most global deforestation involves slash and burn. This
             | releases the carbon stored in the trees. But I think that's
             | OPs point. A growing tree doesn't remove carbon, it
             | temporarily stores it until it dies or burns.
        
         | zo1 wrote:
         | You could plant a trillion trees tomorrow but it won't help
         | anything so long as places like China and India pollute the
         | oceans with millions of tones of plastic waste trash every
         | year. That's in the thousands of tones _per day_ region. The
         | sheer scale of pollution there makes Denmark 's measly little
         | contribution just that, peanuts. No wonder the farmers are
         | upset. They're destroying their own industry and people's
         | livelihood and food security, for barely moving the needle on
         | the altar of enviromentalism.
        
           | kolinko wrote:
           | Plastic pollution in the oceans has nothing to do with
           | climate change.
        
           | aziaziazi wrote:
           | It's funny how I also feel peanuts when I vote for elections
           | but also feel very engaged and powerful with that paper
           | holding a nano-minuscule fraction of power.
           | 
           | > They're destroying their own industry and people's
           | livelihood and food security, for barely moving the needle on
           | the altar of enviromentalism.
           | 
           | The environnemental impact of their AG is peanuts on a global
           | scale but cause massive problems on their own lands and
           | coast. Food security will still be largely fine : there's
           | large surpluses and you are actually safer stocking grains
           | than livestock, especially in modern silos. For industry and
           | livelihood I'm sure those guys are smart enough to shift to
           | others activities. That may be quite easy when you look at
           | the current meat industry profitability.
        
           | simonask wrote:
           | This is a type of fallacy. Denmark as a country is
           | politically relatively powerless compared to China or the US,
           | or even Germany, but each citizen has about the same or more
           | power compared to each citizen in those larger countries.
           | 
           | The fallacy is to say "I, as an individual in a small
           | country, cannot do anything because these other large
           | countries are, collectively, much more powerful". Well, no
           | kidding. Any Denmark-sized administrative section of a larger
           | country (say, a US state, a Chinese province, or a German
           | bundesland) has the same or smaller influence on the climate.
           | Often a much smaller influence due to how international
           | diplomacy works.
           | 
           | It's a category error. Whether progress is made in Denmark-
           | sized chunks or in US/EU/China/Germany-sized chunks is
           | irrelevant, as long as the average velocity _per human_ is
           | the same on a global scale. It 's not high enough at the
           | moment, but it's equally significant wherever it happens.
        
       | inglor_cz wrote:
       | In many parts of Europe, forested areas have actually _grown_
       | since the 20th and especially the 19th century.
       | 
       | People no longer use wood as a fuel, or in very small amounts
       | compared to the past, and some former pastures have been re-
       | colonized by trees.
       | 
       | Czechia is currently 34 per cent forest. Used to be less than 20
       | per cent in the Theresian cadastre (mid 18-th century).
        
         | ikekkdcjkfke wrote:
         | Just open google maps and take a stroll across europe...
        
         | dachris wrote:
         | Indeed. A few years ago I ran across a comparison of old
         | photographs of rural villages (early 20th century) in central
         | Europe vs their present day appearance, taken from similar
         | points of view.
         | 
         | Two things were immediately apparent from the old photographs -
         | less forest - tons of fruit trees
         | 
         | Fitting is also this anecdote I heard when visiting a
         | historical mill. They had a huge linden tree in their yard, and
         | they told us that in the olden days this was a symbol of
         | prosperity, because the original owner showed off that they
         | could afford to plant a useless, non-fruit-bearing - a status
         | symbol.
         | 
         | Coming full circle - the best thing would be if we could plant
         | tons of trees that also produce food - something like the
         | baobabs https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adansonia_digitata . E.g.
         | pigs were fed oak's acorns in fall.
        
         | magicalhippo wrote:
         | Climate getting milder has also meant the tree line, and thus
         | forest line, has moved up quite a lot[1].
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.forskning.no/norges-forskningsrad-partner-
         | miljoo...
        
         | cpursley wrote:
         | It's the same in America, there's actually more trees now than
         | at the time of European settlement. A combo of the large
         | buffalo herds that used to roam and native land management that
         | often involved burning entire forests.
        
         | simonask wrote:
         | In comparison, Denmark is currently at only 15% forest.
         | 
         | This is up from about 2% in the early 1800s, back when ships
         | were built from wood, and firewood was used for heating.
         | Funnily, the slow and steady build-up during those 200 years
         | was partially motivated by the fact that when the British
         | destroyed the fleet in 1807, there was simply not enough wood
         | to build a new one.
        
       | TheChaplain wrote:
       | That will be interesting experiment. 1) A growing population
       | require food. 2) Their agricultural sector is a major contributor
       | to their economy, not only farmers but everything around it
       | involves a lot of people and businesses. 3) Many countries rely
       | on Danish agricultural exports (it's massive) to ensure people
       | have food.
        
         | lokimedes wrote:
         | (Dane here) - this is a major reversal on the food-security
         | policy that drove not just innovation in intensive farming
         | technologies in Denmark in the late nineteenth century, but
         | also the formation of what is now the EU, post WWII, on a
         | european scale.
         | 
         | Let's hope butter and bacon from Poland is going to cover our
         | needs.
        
           | danieldk wrote:
           | Our issues in The Netherlands are probably similar to
           | Denmark's and the biggest issue is not all agriculture. Meat
           | and milk production has an outweighed impact on destroying
           | the environment. You need far more land to grow crops to feed
           | livestock and keeping cows leads to a lot of nitrogen
           | deposition.
           | 
           | We can reduce land use and have food security if people were
           | not so intend on eating/drinking animal products every day
           | (and there are perfectly fine vegetarian alternatives).
        
             | Tade0 wrote:
             | I believe the insistence on being a major agricultural
             | producer in the EU despite having some of the largest
             | population densities in the region has a lot to do with it.
             | 
             | A huge chunk of that output is purely for export.
        
           | Tade0 wrote:
           | > Let's hope butter and bacon from Poland is going to cover
           | our needs.
           | 
           | Pole here - Poland switched form being a pork exporter to an
           | importer over the course of the last few decades.
           | 
           | Top external suppliers are...
           | 
           | Denmark (53kt)
           | 
           | Belgium (50kt)
           | 
           | Germany (44kt)
           | 
           | The Netherlands (24.5kt)
           | 
           | Spain (24.5kt)
        
           | postepowanieadm wrote:
           | > Let's hope butter and bacon from Poland is going to cover
           | our needs.
           | 
           | That's really hilarious: Poland imports it's pork from
           | Denmark.
           | 
           | (ASF and almost no piglets breeding)
        
           | jopsen wrote:
           | If we end up going hungry (or food prices spiking), then this
           | policy might be adjusted.
           | 
           | It's not like this will happen overnight anyways.
        
         | AlotOfReading wrote:
         | The Danish agricultural industry accounts for 1% of GDP and
         | almost 70% of land use, the highest in the world. The Wikipedia
         | page on Denmark doesn't even bother to list it as a major
         | industry (unlike Lego) and the only figures I could find put it
         | at around 8B DKK. Lego does 66B DKK on its own.
         | 
         | What criteria are you using?
        
           | exe34 wrote:
           | Lego is not edible. they'll need food in the coming war.
        
             | simonask wrote:
             | By the last metric I saw, Denmark produces food for about
             | 12 million people, and that's mainly animal products.
             | Denmark has a population of 6 million.
             | 
             | Cutting food production in half would not jeopardize food
             | security. Switching focus to plant-based food production
             | would more than double it again.
        
         | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
         | > A growing population require food.
         | 
         | Sure, but Europe's not growing. It is purely in "shrink
         | forever" mode. This is easily measured, any time fertility
         | drops below 2.1 that's what happens. But ignore that a moment,
         | what if you wanted to depopulate Europe? This might be a good
         | policy for that. Get the timing just right, and it's not even a
         | genocide... food shortages that don't starve anyone just
         | encourages the last few breeders to put a lid on it, and voila!
         | The fantasy of more than a few out there.
        
       | Sabinus wrote:
       | Good luck. In the less cohesive Western countries efforts like
       | this are met with both protest by farmers who view their
       | providing calories as almost a sacred task, and by foreign
       | agitprop that proposes any effort that makes it harder to farm is
       | an attempt at subjugating the people.
        
         | KSteffensen wrote:
         | Believe me the farmers have been doing their best to buck this.
        
         | WorkerBee28474 wrote:
         | > that proposes any effort that makes it harder to farm is an
         | attempt at subjugating the people
         | 
         | Well, it is. More expensive food means a worse quality of life
         | for normal people. It also means more time spent working to pay
         | for groceries, and less time and money to do things that
         | threaten the elites like accumulating capital or performing
         | activism.
        
           | freetanga wrote:
           | The problem is not production cost, but distribution. A litre
           | of milk is paid at 20c to the producer (never has been
           | cheaper) yet it's 2EUR at the store. The producer makes a few
           | cents on it.
           | 
           | The FoodCo is the one driving price up. Them and consumer
           | behavior.
        
             | Gigachad wrote:
             | There's quite a lot of expensive stuff happening in between
             | filling a tank of milk at the farm, and a consumer
             | purchasing a single bottle at a store near them.
        
               | freetanga wrote:
               | Yes, some necessary (processing, bottling, logistics)
               | some fluff (marketing), and lots of profits.
               | 
               | But the original point was that removing farm capacity
               | will increase consumer prices. Even if doubles farmer
               | prices (to 40c), milk retail prices should only increase
               | by 20c.
               | 
               | Of course, all milk processors (which are a cartel) will
               | double their prices, double their margins, and pitch
               | consumers vs farmers vs ecologists.
               | 
               | 21st Century Capitalism.
        
               | CaptainFever wrote:
               | This is just conjecture without proof, followed by a lazy
               | shot at capitalism. https://www.infinitescroll.us/p/ugh-
               | capitalism
               | 
               | At the very least, provide some citation that a 20 cent
               | increase in production price would cause a 2 euro
               | increase in consumer price, as you claimed.
        
         | cpursley wrote:
         | Feeding people is a sacred task. Food is literally the base
         | pillar of various human needs pyramids.
        
         | 123yawaworht456 wrote:
         | shitlibs' contempt for farmers of all people is a real mask off
         | moment
        
       | pkulak wrote:
       | No they won't. If they started tomorrow planting 100,000 trees a
       | day, and never took a single day off, they would finish up in
       | 2052. What kind of nursery can even grow 100,000 saplings of
       | conifer a day?
       | 
       | https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-climate-deniers-pl...
        
         | im3w1l wrote:
         | Saplings? Wouldn't it be easier to seed? Or you could plant a
         | few more mature trees sparsely and rely on them to seed?
        
         | jltsiren wrote:
         | It would take a couple of years at the scale Finnish forest
         | industry is operating.
         | 
         | Large parts of Europe are basically forests that have been
         | temporarily cut down. If you let the land be, the forest will
         | often grow back with minimal effort.
        
         | alberth wrote:
         | Using seedballs, you could conceivably plant 1B trees in just a
         | couple _months_ by dropping the seedballs from airplanes.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBbU4MQftc8
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | Before I go into rage mode, I suppose I should ask, why Farmland?
       | 
       | Both Denmark and Netherland are big in agriculture export and
       | they are very good at it. I am not against planting trees but it
       | on top of farm land doesn't make any sense to me.
        
         | mdorazio wrote:
         | Where else would you like them to plant trees? Tearing up
         | residential areas to convert to forest would be massively
         | expensive and likely unpopular.
        
           | cpursley wrote:
           | Places that used to be forested and are not productive
           | farmland. There's lots of places like this, just maybe not in
           | Denmark.
        
             | AuryGlenz wrote:
             | Not really. Trees plant themselves. If it's not being
             | actively used for something/mowed it'll turn back into
             | forest.
        
               | pintxo wrote:
               | (In the absence of grass and small tree devouring
               | animals)
        
               | dyauspitr wrote:
               | In the US that would be a bunch of only invasive species
               | for a long time.
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | Tree planting in eroded/damaged ecosystems requires a
               | helping hand - everything from site prep, germination,
               | watering, etc.
               | 
               | Source: I've planted thousands of trees.
        
               | simonask wrote:
               | This isn't really true. Growing a forest is way more
               | complicated than you might think - they don't just sprout
               | spontaneously, as trees take a long time to grow and are
               | easily kept down by fauna, landscape, nutrient levels,
               | erosion, and many other factors.
               | 
               | I don't remember the details, but I believe it goes
               | something like farm -> heath -> shrubland -> young forest
               | -> mature forest, where each phase has a unique ecosystem
               | of both plant species and animal life.
               | 
               | In an extremely heavily cultivated landscape like Denmark
               | (seriously, look at a satellite photo), converting
               | farmland back into forest is a multi-decade project
               | requiring constant maintenance. Converting farmland into
               | marshland (which is the "original" stone-age landscape in
               | many areas) is a multi-century project.
               | 
               | Just like it was a multi-century project to convert it
               | into farmland, by the way. Europe has been cultivated for
               | millennia.
        
             | StackRanker3000 wrote:
             | That last bit is correct, there aren't many places like
             | that in Denmark. So the original question remains, where
             | would be a better place for them specifically to plant
             | these trees?
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | Nitrogen emissions from farming are a big topic in the
         | Netherlands. We have a right wing populist governments that
         | wants to raise maximum speeds back to 130km/h but they can't
         | because of nitrogen emissions that caused the previous
         | government (also right leaning, pro car, etc.) to lower the
         | limits. Intense cattle farming is a big environmental challenge
         | in both countries and it comes at a price. Lots of farting cows
         | in both countries.
        
           | cpursley wrote:
           | The idea that farting cows is moving the needle on climate is
           | absolutely lunacy - barking mad conspiracy theory stuff.
        
             | danieldk wrote:
             | The parent did not say anything about climate and pointed
             | to actual the problem in The Netherlands: nitrogen
             | deposition. Our nature parks are dying because there is far
             | too much nitrogen deposition from nearby farms.
             | 
             | (But our current right-wing populist government likes to
             | pretend the problem does not exist, so they have to be
             | slapped on the wrists by courts and the EU.)
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | Now that's a real problem, farm animal excrement is an
               | issue. Seems like one that technology can solve?
        
               | danieldk wrote:
               | That's what the industry has been saying here for decades
               | and they tried a lot of things, but the problem has only
               | gotten worse. At some point you have to say - apparently
               | you can't fix it, so we have to buy out farmers near
               | nature reserves.
               | 
               | But the farmers have been intimidating politicians by
               | blocking highways and inner cities with tractors and
               | other equipment. Funnily, if anyone else does this they
               | get arrested, but farmers get a carte blanche to disrupt
               | society.
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | How do we keep people fed after shutting down farming (at
               | a reasonable cost)? The entire thing seems anti-human...
        
               | danieldk wrote:
               | Eating less meat?
               | 
               |  _The questions are mainly targeted at the consumption of
               | animal products: meat, dairy products and eggs. Their
               | research shows that reducing the consumption of animal
               | products, and therefore switching from a meat-eating to a
               | vegetarian or vegan diet, reduces land requirements by
               | two-thirds._
               | 
               | https://www.uu.nl/en/news/calculate-the-land-use-impact-
               | of-y...
               | 
               | Not everyone even has to stop eating meat. Just reducing
               | meat consumption to 1-2 days per week would go a long
               | way.
        
               | fatuna wrote:
               | Nobody wants to shut down all the farming, just reduce
               | it. For example, the Netherlands produces 250% of its own
               | meat consumption. Since it's subsidized, the net
               | financial gain is very low. You could say reducing the
               | production to 125/150% of consumption would leave enough
               | for local consumption plus a little export in good times
               | or a buffer in bad times.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, big agricultural companies hired a
               | marketing company to start a political party which claims
               | to be pro local/small farmers, but is actually just pro
               | big agriculture.
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | The project aims at shit to no only a portions of the
               | farms, and especially one from the meat industry. They'll
               | still have plenty of food.
        
               | simonask wrote:
               | Farm animal excrement is far from the whole picture.
               | Fertilization is the main contributor (and animal
               | excrement is used for that, but far from exclusively).
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | Yeah, fertilizer getting into the watershed is a real
               | problem. It wreaks entire ecosystems.
        
             | linuxandrew wrote:
             | Farting maybe, but the impact from cow burps is measurable
             | and no conspiracy theory.
             | 
             | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17517715/
        
             | awjlogan wrote:
             | I would gently encourage you to engage with the topic
             | rather than a puerile dismissal as "farting cows".
             | Agriculture is one of the main drivers of climate change
             | (~30%), and and also has associated land usage
             | implications. Ruminants ("farting cows") directly produce
             | around 6% of our total emissions.
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | I was just reusing the term op used. And that's a tiny
               | percentage if the trade off is keeping humans fed.
        
               | awjlogan wrote:
               | No, it's a huge amount relative to the nutrition it
               | actually provides. There is so much terrible (by any
               | metric apart from maybe direct monetary cost) meat
               | consumed and there are vested interests in a lot of
               | industries to maintain that status quo.
               | 
               | Don't get me wrong, good meat is delicious and there are
               | plenty of ecosystems that require grazing and large
               | herbivores to maintain, but the current system is
               | devastating and doesn't provide nearly as much nutrition
               | to the end user as it consumes in its production.
        
             | kolinko wrote:
             | The math here is quite simple.
             | 
             | A single cow can produce around 250 to 500 liters of
             | methane per day through belching and farting. Let's take an
             | average of 400 liters/day. Methane is a potent greenhouse
             | gas.
             | 
             |  _400 liters /day x 365 days = 146,000 liters/year._
             | 
             | Convert to kilograms (since methane's density is ~0.656
             | kg/m3):
             | 
             |  _146,000 liters = 146 m3 - 146 x 0.656 kg = 95.8 kg of
             | methane /year per cow._
             | 
             | Methane has a global warming potential (GWP) of about 28
             | times that of CO2 over 100 years. So, 1 kg of methane is
             | equivalent to 28 kg of CO2 in terms of warming effect.
             | 
             |  _95.8 kg of methane x 28 = 2,682 kg of CO2 equivalent per
             | year per cow._
             | 
             |  _2,682 kg CO2e /year x 1 billion cows = 2.68 billion
             | metric tons of CO2 equivalent annually._
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | Cool. Now compare cow farts to all other sources, that's
               | the only metric that matters.
        
               | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
               | A quick search shows that global c02 emissions are about
               | 35 billion tons.
               | 
               | So the cow farts are a bit less than 8%. That isn't
               | insignificant.
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | And how much of a dent would reducing cow consumption by
               | 25% make?
        
               | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
               | You said that cow emissions weren't significant (well,
               | that it was "absolute lunacy").
               | 
               | Two people have provided rough calculations that show
               | they do have a measurable effect.
               | 
               | What's your point?
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | My point is people should do the math and come to their
               | own reasonable conclusion. Assuming these numbers aren't
               | totally bullshit (see what I did there) this won't move
               | the needle unless we cut out cow consumption 100% and
               | cull all native herd animals.
               | 
               | Me? I think we can probably survive some cow farts as our
               | ancestors who hunted buffalo and burnt down entire
               | ecosystems doing so did. We should focus on the real
               | solutions that will move the needle, like proper human-
               | scale city design and nuclear power.
        
               | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
               | Knowing they alone account for over 1/20th of the climate
               | change effect though is useful information.
               | 
               | Maybe there are other ways we could reduce their methane
               | emissions short of getting rid of all of them.
               | 
               | I agree that other solutions are needed to properly
               | address climate change though.
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | There's a ton we can do before taking food off our
               | children's table.
        
               | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
               | I don't think anyone was talking about taking food off
               | children's tables?
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | Because that's exactly what reducing farming output does.
        
               | neither_color wrote:
               | I don't know enough about this topic but my question is
               | what is the input to the 250-500l cow fart equation.
               | What's being consumed to produce that much methane?
        
             | Chilko wrote:
             | It's not - in New Zealand 35% of GHG emissions are from
             | cattle, with over 53% from agriculture in general.
             | 
             | Source: https://environment.govt.nz/publications/new-
             | zealands-greenh...
        
         | timc3 wrote:
         | Just having farmland be fields is not very good for the land or
         | the eco system. Breaking up farmland with hedges, woods,
         | wetlands or whatever nature decides it should be is often a
         | good idea. Next best thing is to manually plant trees.
         | 
         | Edit: add planting trees
        
           | chickenbig wrote:
           | > Breaking up farmland
           | 
           | One thing I have wondered was the relative benefits of a
           | concentrated wilderness versus distributed habitat.
           | 
           | The common agricultural policy set-aside distributes payments
           | for the wilderness across many farms (for equity, one
           | supposes), whereas a concentrated wilderness would benefit
           | few (and probably only the landowners).
        
             | nobodywillobsrv wrote:
             | For a short period I looked into carbon stuff and while
             | forests were good, wetlands were deemed much bigger sinks.
             | 
             | It feels like wetlands is a huge ignored area. If what I
             | read at the time holds (I think it was like 6-12x
             | sequestration rate in some regions), a simple thing like
             | rising sea levels would have a huge impact.
             | 
             | And anthropogenic destruction of wetlands is also a huge
             | issue and one that is relatively easy to reverse in a lot
             | cases (dams, rerouted rivers). And in some cases, water can
             | just be rerouted occasionally to create temperarly wetlands
             | that are good ecosystems as well. Mossy Earth I think is
             | doing some of these.
        
               | chickenbig wrote:
               | Strangely enough I have been seeing wetland creation
               | coming up on my radar recently. Hinkley Point C nuclear
               | power station has been proposing these as alternative to
               | acoustic fish deterrent, but the locals who might be
               | affected are not happy.
               | 
               | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ckgzwrgv71no
               | It would transform the biodiverse habitat into barren,
               | species-poor salt marsh and tidal mud.
               | 
               | https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2024-10-09/debates/
               | 230...
        
         | awjlogan wrote:
         | A lot of "farmland" is unproductive and kept in usage only by
         | heavy subsidies. Additionally, I think a more
         | important/interesting part of the article is taxation of
         | livestock - you reduce the land needed significantly when the
         | amount of livestock is reduced. I'm not vegan/vegetarian but it
         | is "obvious" we should reduce meat consumption for a wide range
         | of reasons and focus on raising livestock in ways that are
         | beneficial to the wider environment.
        
           | tonyedgecombe wrote:
           | Yes, the least productive 10% of land represents a much
           | smaller percentage of food production. This is often land in
           | areas that are most environmentally sensitive.
           | 
           | In the UK we pay farmers to raise lamb on marginal land yet
           | they still aren't competitive with lamb shipped from the
           | other side of the world. I'm not sure why we should be
           | subsidising that, especially when there is a lot of
           | environmental damaged associated with it.
        
             | Epa095 wrote:
             | Could food security in case of another global crisis be a
             | good enough reason? I don't know anything about the British
             | situation AT ALL, but I think many in Europe think slightly
             | different about the market-based solution when it comes to
             | both food, medicines, and other essentials after corona.
             | 
             | It turns out that when shit hits the fan, countries need to
             | handle the basic needs of their population themselves.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | You'd need firewood too.
        
         | Galaxeblaffer wrote:
         | Denmarks agricultural performance is not great at all. it's way
         | too expensive to produce stuff. if it wasn't for EU subsidies
         | the agricultural sector in Denmark would loose over 50% of
         | their profits. To drive the point home the agricultural sector
         | in Denmark only makes up 3.6% of the bnp and 4.3% of exports
         | while taking up 60% of Denmarks total area and employing around
         | 3.9% of the working population. i think Denmark can easily let
         | go of 10% while only having miniscule effects on the economy.
         | Denmark is a very small country and technically has no truly
         | wild nature.
        
           | chipdart wrote:
           | > Denmarks agricultural performance is not great at all. it's
           | way too expensive to produce stuff. if it wasn't for EU
           | subsidies the agricultural sector in Denmark would loose over
           | 50% of their profits.
           | 
           | Agriculture in the EU is renowned for not being financially
           | unjustified. For decades it's been a finantial no-brainer to
           | import the bulk of agricultural products from south America
           | and Africa. This is not new or the result of some major
           | epiphany, it's the natura consequence of having an advanced
           | economy and a huge population with high population density.
           | The EU already imports 40% of the agricultural products it
           | consumes.
           | 
           | EU subsidies were created specifically to mitigate the
           | strategic and geopolitical risk of seeing Europe blockaded.
           | Agricultural subsidies exist to create a finantial incentive
           | to preserve current production capacity when it makes no
           | finantial sense, and thus mitigate a strategic vulnerability.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | > specifically to mitigate the strategic and geopolitical
             | risk of seeing Europe blockaded
             | 
             | No, its because far lobbies are an important political
             | block
        
               | sshine wrote:
               | Both can be true.
               | 
               | Protecting your agricultural capacity is what convinces
               | the part of the population that does not directly benefit
               | from the subsidies.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | That's just admitting that it is just justification.
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | Yes and? If it keeps 20% of the country alive during a
               | twice in a century event that it's a good justification.
        
               | chipdart wrote:
               | > No, its because far lobbies are an important political
               | block
               | 
               | Wrong. If you try to educate yourself, you will notice
               | that EU's common agricultural policy even went to the
               | extent of paying subsidies to small property owners to
               | preserve their properties as agricultural land. This goes
               | way beyond subsidizing production, or anything remotely
               | related to your conspiracy theory.
               | 
               | Just because someone benefits from subsidy programs that
               | does not mean that any conspiracy theory spun around the
               | inversion of cause and effect suddenly makes sense. I
               | recommend you invest a few minutes to learn about EU's
               | common agricultural policy before trying to fill that
               | void with conspiracies.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | They can write all they want. The fact is, the countries
               | wouldn't cant get rid of their farm policies because of
               | voting. And the EU, is an outgrowth of those already
               | existing countries. EU policy is not handed down from a
               | white tower. Of course you can't actually say that.
        
               | darkwater wrote:
               | Farmers and people supporting farmers are still a small
               | minority and while they can probably swing some election
               | in some country if they were to massively support only
               | one party or coalition, the money comes for the strategic
               | importance. It would be naive to think it's just "for the
               | votes".
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Resistance to a blockade doesn't require subsidies for
             | growing flowers etc.
             | 
             | Subsidizing exports similarly has very different goals.
        
               | _DeadFred_ wrote:
               | Sure it does. The goal is keep the farmland available and
               | productive along with keeping agricultural
               | infrastructure. The USA helped win WW2 because our car
               | factory lines were retooled to make war machines.
        
             | llm_trw wrote:
             | You'd think that people would have realized this after
             | Europe avoided mass death from Russian gas being cut off
             | only because the winter was mild.
        
               | neoromantique wrote:
               | Considering that we're doing the barest of the minimum
               | about it three years in, yeah, you'd think.
        
             | rkagerer wrote:
             | I think you meant _financial_
        
           | bondarchuk wrote:
           | 3.6% of bnp seems like little but I think agriculture counts
           | for more than, say, management consulting that goes through 5
           | intermediaries (does it get counted towards the bnp 5x then?
           | I'm not sure). At the end of the day money is only an
           | abstraction while food, you can actually eat it.
        
         | apexalpha wrote:
         | the Netherlands exports so much food (and meat...) that it
         | becomes a burden on local wildlife and milieu, mostly due to
         | nitrogen emissions, pesticides and fertilizer.
         | 
         | I think it's the same for Denmark, though the mostly hold pigs
         | in stead of cattle.
        
         | dataviz1000 wrote:
         | Haiti cut down all their trees. When a hurricane passes through
         | it moves what little top soil they have into the ocean.[1]
         | Haiti overfished their costal waters. Now they do not have fish
         | to eat and worse can not participate in the single biggest
         | economic driver in the Caribbean, scuba diving.
         | 
         | Planting trees on farms is incredibly important for maintaining
         | and protecting the soil. The Americans learned that the hard
         | way in the 1930s. [2]]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.climatechangenews.com/2022/08/05/us-funded-
         | trees...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/dust-bowl
        
           | eesmith wrote:
           | > The Americans learned that the hard way in the 1930s.
           | 
           | Grasses, not trees, maintained and protected the soil for
           | what became the US Dust Bowl.
           | 
           | The "Great American Desert" was essentially treeless. As your
           | [2] links points out, European agricultural methods
           | "[exposed] the bare, over-plowed farmland. Without deep-
           | rooted prairie grasses to hold the soil in place, it began to
           | blow away."
        
             | dataviz1000 wrote:
             | > "Like all the others, he had allowed the advertisers to
             | multiply his wants; he had learned to equate happiness with
             | possessions, and prosperity with money to spend in a shop.
             | Like all the others, he had abandoned any idea of
             | subsistence farming to think exclusively in terms of a cash
             | crop; and he had gone on thinking in those terms, even when
             | the crop no longer gave him any cash. Then, like all the
             | others, he had got into debt with the banks. And finally,
             | like all the others, he had learned that what the experts
             | had been saying for a generation was perfectly true : in a
             | semi-arid country it is grass that holds down the soil;
             | tear up the grass, the soil will go. In due course, it had
             | gone.
             | 
             | The man from Kansas was now a peon and a pariah; and the
             | experience was making a worse man of him."
             | 
             | -- Aldous Huxley, "After Many a Year Dies the Swan" -- 1939
             | 
             | They were warned what would happen. Yes, it was the grasses
             | that keep the soil in place.
             | 
             | However, as the article you referenced says,
             | 
             | > "As part of Roosevelt's New Deal, Congress established
             | the Soil Erosion Service and the Prairie States Forestry
             | Project in 1935. These programs put local farmers to work
             | planting trees as windbreaks on farms across the Great
             | Plains. The Soil Erosion Service, now called the Natural
             | Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) developed and
             | promoted new farming techniques to combat the problem of
             | soil erosion." [2]
             | 
             | A bunch of people didn't understand this in Haiti and now
             | they are severely doomed and suffering. Probably not
             | something you want to be incorrect about on the global
             | scale.
             | 
             | Although, it is the grasses that hold the top soil in
             | place, it can be mitigated by planting trees.
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | > They were warned what would happen.
               | 
               | They also believed in "rain follows the plow."
               | 
               | > windbreaks on farms
               | 
               | Sure,
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Plains_Shelterbelt .
               | 
               | But that was only one of many techniques developed. https
               | ://archive.org/details/bighughfatherofs0000well/page/11..
               | . mentions "if subject to wind erosion, it calls for
               | stubble-mulch farming, wind strips and windbreaks."
               | (That's a biography about Hugh Hammond Bennett, who led
               | the Soil Erosion Service ... but not the Shelterbelt!)
               | 
               | In general (a few paragraphs earlier):
               | 
               | 'Modern soil conservation is based on sound land use and
               | the treatment of land with those adaptable, practical
               | measures that keep it permanently productive while in
               | use," he explains. "It means terracing land that needs
               | terracing; and it means contouring, strip cropping, and
               | stubble-mulching the land as needed, along with
               | supporting practices of crop rotations, cover crops,
               | etc., wherever needed. It means gully control,
               | stabilizing water outlets, building farm ponds, locating
               | farm roads and fences on the contour, and planting steep,
               | erodible lands to grass or trees."'
               | 
               | Earlier at https://archive.org/details/bighughfatherofs00
               | 00well/page/96... you can read about the then-novel idea
               | of contouring;
               | 
               | "Tillage is proceeding across the slopes, rather than up
               | and down hill. It is being done on the contour on 15,362
               | acres. Farmers are finding that it not only serves as a
               | brake on running water but also reduces the cost of mule-
               | power and tractor-power."
               | 
               | Oh, interesting. In 'Predicting and Controlling Wind
               | Erosion', Lyles (1985) writes "Despite the credit the
               | Prairie States Forestry Project has received in ending
               | the Dust Bowl, windbreak plantings under the Project did
               | not begin on a large scale until 1936", and says "the
               | cardinal principle of wind erosion control is maintaining
               | vegetative materials on the soil. ... this practice of
               | conserving or maintaining vegetation on the surface has
               | evolved into various forms of tillage management, which
               | currently go under the generic name of conservation
               | tillage and have become a major technique for erosion
               | control." (See
               | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3742385.pdf )
               | 
               | This suggests again that trees and windbreaks in general
               | are not the primary solution to the regions affected by
               | the Dust Bowl, but rather grasses, including crops.
        
           | bufferoverflow wrote:
           | I don't see how Haiti situation applies to Denmark.
        
           | JoshGG wrote:
           | You left out the part where Haiti was destabilized and
           | crushed by colonial debt. And I don't think that lack of fish
           | is what's keeping the tourists away. But hey, weren't we
           | talking about Denmark ?
        
             | tbrownaw wrote:
             | So is that relevant because it means that cutting down all
             | the trees want their fault, or because it provides an
             | alternate explanation for what mechanism is causing the
             | soil to else?
             | 
             | And obviously the connection to Denmark is meant to be that
             | a lack of trees causes problems so replacing things with
             | trees must be good. Even if there hasn't been news about
             | those problems happening there.
        
         | gklitz wrote:
         | Because it's becoming increasingly obviously dumb to be paying
         | farmers money to pretend like they are farming their land. What
         | I mean is that if we removed the subsidies the farmers wouldn't
         | farm their land, the market just doesn't work to support their
         | production. So we are essentially saying "if you pretend to
         | farm your land we'll make sure you profit" but even at that
         | they of cause need to try to keep the pretend farming
         | profitable enough that the entire charade pays off, but that
         | means dumping a ton of fertilizer on the land, which tends to
         | run off and ruin streams and seeps into the ground water. Most
         | recently this has led to the agricultural industry competeley
         | and likely semi permanently destroying the fishing industry
         | around one of the major pars of Denmark. So at this point the
         | farmers have to stop.
         | 
         | There's a natural way of doing that, which is to cut subsidies
         | and let the market handle it. But the farmers have political
         | power because they have a lot of money because of the policies
         | they've set up back when they had political power because they
         | had a lot of money... Anyways, so what is actually happening is
         | that the farmers have decided that if their land is
         | unprofitable then the government needs to pay a hefty price to
         | them for it.
         | 
         | The government could just cut the subsidies which means we
         | would use less money, then buy the land in bankruptcies, likely
         | just with the money we spend less. Instead we'll see a lot of
         | additional spending to buy the land, and then down the line
         | subsidies will increase to "make up" for all the land they
         | "lost".
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | In New Zealand the believe that if they removed farm
           | subsidizes, their farmers would quite. Now they are a massive
           | farm product exporter.
        
           | 0xy wrote:
           | Do you think food production has national security
           | implications or do you think "the market" will be happy to
           | sell you food during another global conflict while their own
           | citizens are starving?
           | 
           | Farming subsidies are a national security tool, not a
           | handout.
           | 
           | Anyway, it's clear that your position is political in nature
           | otherwise you'd be just as outraged by green subsidies.
           | 
           | Denmark set aside DKK 53.5 billion for green subsidies in
           | 2022. But this isn't market distortion to the same degree as
           | farming subsidies, is it? That's the flaw in your argument.
           | It's inconsistently applied based on politics, isn't it?
        
             | awjlogan wrote:
             | There's a big difference between supporting food security
             | and subsidising otherwise unviable land usage and farming
             | practices. In the UK, there are subsidies for upland
             | farming for sheep with produces a negligible amount of food
             | at high cost (monetary and environmental) for next to no
             | return for the farmers even after the subsidy.
             | 
             | Re. green subsidies that is better characterised as
             | investment in technology of the future. You might also like
             | to compare subsidies to the fossil fuel sector as well.
        
             | andreasmetsala wrote:
             | How does having such a large surplus that you're an
             | exporter of food jive with national security? It sounds
             | like they already produce more than enough. Exposing food
             | production entirely to market forces is, as you point out,
             | a bad idea.
        
               | mollerhoj wrote:
               | Sounds like you've fallen for some farmer rhetoric.. How
               | is growning crops to feed 28 million pigs to 6 million
               | people? We'd have to eat 5 pigs each.. If it was really
               | about food security, we'd surely plant crops to eat
               | ourselves, which is much more efficient in terms of
               | calorie per m^2.
               | 
               | Meat has many more negative externalities than plants.
               | Thats the argument for substituting green farming.
               | 
               | Of course it's political.. anything is to some degree.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Because of animals we grow far more grain than we need,
               | giving us a substantial amount of necessary slack. If
               | there is a wide spread crop failure, the price of grain
               | rises, causing ranchers to sell breeding stock they can
               | no longer afford to feed. Then humans then eat the grain
               | instead of the animals.
        
               | chipdart wrote:
               | > How does having such a large surplus (...)
               | 
               | You should educate yourself. Europe imports around 40% of
               | the agricultural production it consumes.
               | 
               | The "surplus" is referenced in economical value and
               | reflects luxury exports such as wine, which is hardly
               | what keeps Europe alive in case of all-out war.
               | 
               | The whole point of Europe's common agricultural policy is
               | food security including an event of all-out war.
               | 
               | Your comments sound like advocating against having a
               | first-aid kit just because you sell silk scarves.
        
               | thworp wrote:
               | Please provide some sources, because I think your 40% is
               | also based on monetary and not nutritional value.
        
             | pvaldes wrote:
             | Destroying fisheries goes directly against food security.
             | Fishes are more efficient as source of food by energetic
             | reasons.
        
               | gklitz wrote:
               | I don't understand why this is being downvoted but this
               | is very true, and it's the literal case that the
               | fisheries around the entirety of the Bornholm region of
               | Denmark have been completely shut down because the
               | farming industry runoff destroyed it. Had it not been for
               | subsidies the farming industry wouldn't have done this.
               | We literally paid people to deliberately destroy our
               | environment. Is insane and everyone's just looking to the
               | sky like "what are we supposed to do? We've tried nothing
               | at all even though there has been consistent warnings for
               | two decades and it still happened!?"
        
             | gklitz wrote:
             | > Anyway, it's clear that your position is political in
             | nature otherwise you'd be just as outraged by green
             | subsidies.
             | 
             | The green subsidies are also paid out to farmers... it is
             | outrageous. Imagine if we were still paying subsidies to
             | weavers because of their "strategic importance in case of
             | war" and also paying them green subsidies to avoid using
             | the toxic chemicals they would otherwise use doing the
             | thing they are only doing in the first place because it
             | justifies the theater that has the state maintaining their
             | consistent income.
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | > Farming subsidies are a national security tool, not a
             | handout.
             | 
             | It's absurd to not acknowledge they are both.
        
           | chipdart wrote:
           | > Because it's becoming increasingly obviously dumb to be
           | paying farmers money to pretend like they are farming their
           | land.
           | 
           | This is a particularly ignorant and clueless opinion to have.
           | 
           | The whole point of Europe's common agricultural policy is to
           | preserve the potential of agricultural production as a
           | strategic asset. Europe's strong economy and huge population
           | density, coupled with cheap access to agricultural production
           | from south America and Africa, renders most agricultural
           | activity economically unfeasible. The problem is that this
           | means Europe is particularly vulnerable to a blockade, and in
           | case of all out war the whole continent risks being starved
           | in a few months.
           | 
           | The whole point of EU's common agricultural policy is to
           | minimize this risk.
           | 
           | Owners of farmland are provided a incentive to keep their
           | farms on standby even if they don't produce anything exactly
           | to mitigate this risk. It would be more profitable to invest
           | in some domains such as, say, real estate. Look at the
           | Netherlands: they are experiencing a huge housing crisis and
           | the whole land in Holland consists of dense urban housing
           | bordered by farm land. It would be tempting for farmers to
           | just cash out on real estate if they didn't had an economic
           | upside.
           | 
           | You would do better if you educated yourself on a topic
           | before commenting on it.
        
             | credit_guy wrote:
             | With this type of argument you can demonstrate that lots of
             | things have strategic importance. Steel? Check. Textiles?
             | Check. Asphalt? Check. We should subsidize everything. Yet,
             | when the military threat actually materializes and you need
             | to manufacture 155mm shells, all the strategic planning
             | seems quite useless.
        
               | vorpalhex wrote:
               | In the US, we have sextupled 155mm shell production.
               | 
               | If war breaks out, you need to feed people, maintain
               | roads, build vehicles, etc.
        
               | credit_guy wrote:
               | Europe has a huge coastline, it's impossible to blockade.
               | If war breaks out, it's better to shift workers from
               | agriculture to war-related production, and import food
               | from places that are not at war, such as South America.
               | Food produced in Europe is basically a luxury. For every
               | kilogram of beef produced in Denmark, you can buy 2.5 kg
               | of Argentinian beef.
        
               | PrismCrystal wrote:
               | While Europe has a long coastline, there are only a given
               | number of ports capable of the high thoroughput needed to
               | feed Europe's population. Blockade those and the entrance
               | to the Baltic and Mediterranean, and most of your work is
               | done. Moreover, in a shooting war, merchant ships from
               | other global regions attempting to supply Europe would be
               | targeted.
        
               | anonymousDan wrote:
               | Who is this hypothetical battle to be fought against?
               | Surely anyone with sufficient power to mount a blockade
               | has nuclear missiles and at that point it's kind of
               | moot...
               | 
               | Note that I actually agree with your position but this is
               | an interesting discussion on a topic I hadn't thought
               | about deeply enough!
        
               | RandomThoughts3 wrote:
               | Everything you are listing is indeed very much strategic
               | and Europe was indeed extremely stupid to let that go.
               | The end of your paragraph is a demonstration of that. It
               | doesn't go against the core idea.
        
             | gklitz wrote:
             | > It would be tempting for farmers to just cash out on real
             | estate if they didn't had an economic upside.
             | 
             | That's tempting even with subsidies. I have friend who own
             | farming land at the outskirts of the city, they rent it to
             | a farmer at almost net zero to themselves after taxes, but
             | would make a small fortune if they could develop the land.
             | The reason farmers don't sell their land to real estate and
             | 100x the value instantly isn't that they don't want to
             | because of subsidies, it's that they aren't allowed to due
             | to zoning laws, and zoning laws are what they are to
             | protect property values, because everyone involved in
             | designing them own at minimum one property. The only
             | political party we have representing renters in any
             | capacity never get any power in the governmental bodies
             | that govern zoning laws.
             | 
             | > The whole point of Europe's common agricultural policy is
             | to preserve the potential of agricultural production as a
             | strategic asset.
             | 
             | Nothing about that required the current setup. Imagine if
             | we were talking about government subsidies for private
             | militias because we needed to maintain the much more
             | directly important military capacity. Wouldn't that be
             | crazy? Why is the farming subsidies seen differently. Why
             | must the government pay to private institutions who's worth
             | had disappeared. If we want governments to maintain
             | farmable land so be it. We don't have to finically support
             | an artificial elite based them having owned a one
             | profitable asset. Just let it degrade in value and buy it
             | when it hits bottom.
        
               | cco wrote:
               | > Imagine if we were talking about government subsidies
               | for private militias because we needed to maintain the
               | much more directly important military capacity. Wouldn't
               | that be crazy?
               | 
               | Not really? It is very protective to maintain an
               | agricultural, energy, and industrial base; not doing so
               | is immensely risky.
               | 
               | Take Germany the first winter after the Ukraine invasion
               | as an example, a mad scramble to fill a huge hole in
               | their energy sector. Imagine the same scenario but with
               | food, or munitions.
               | 
               | You simply cannot rely solely on global supply chains for
               | industries that are critical to survival of a nation. The
               | ability to power, feed, and defend yourself is a primary
               | concern of a nation state and is worth economic
               | inefficiency.
               | 
               | With all that said, I have _no_ idea how Europe and
               | Denmark specifically does subsidies for agriculture. It
               | could be asinine. But philosophically, imo, it is
               | uncontroversially necessary in some form or another. It
               | is far too risky to save a penny on importing wheat from
               | Brazil and risk famines.
        
         | phil21 wrote:
         | I'm of the opinion food security - even at great expense - is
         | the primary thing a nation should be concerned with as a
         | society. At the level where producing enough calories to feed
         | your total population if things truly hit the fan as a hard
         | requirement for every nation on the planet. This is not
         | something you leave to "free trade" or whatnot. Obviously that
         | doesn't mean every calorie need be provided in the most
         | luxurious form - but in the end, there should be enough food
         | produced to feed your people in the worst of times. Even at
         | great expense and waste during the good times.
         | 
         | That all said - farming has gotten vastly more productive both
         | per man hour and per acre over the past 100 years. Logically we
         | simply do not need the same amount of land devoted to
         | agriculture as we did before - at least in most cases.
         | 
         | So long as your food security is not being impacted - and I do
         | mean under the worst possible stress model you can come up with
         | - I don't see a problem with plans like this. Land use changes
         | over time, and it should be expected.
         | 
         | Plus, it looks like a large portion of this will be simply a
         | different form of agriculture - forestry. This will probably be
         | more in-demand in 50-100 years with current trends, but that's
         | a wild guess.
        
           | smilingsun wrote:
           | Read the post by gklitz: Agricultural practices are ruining
           | the water supply. It's nice to have food security, but you
           | also need drinkable water.
           | 
           | Groundwater in Denmark is drinkable and most people wanna
           | keep it that way. But unfortunately, fertilizer has killed of
           | huge areas of sealife.
        
           | usrnm wrote:
           | > That all said - farming has gotten vastly more productive
           | both per man hour and per acre over the past 100 years
           | 
           | We also have way more people to feed and house than 100 years
           | ago, you cannot look at productivity increase in isolation,
           | demand for both food and land has also risen significantly.
        
           | simonask wrote:
           | Denmark is not even close to jeopardizing its food supply,
           | even less its food security. It produces way more food than
           | is needed to feed its own population.
        
             | chipdart wrote:
             | > Denmark is not even close to jeopardizing its food
             | supply, even less its food security. It produces way more
             | food than is needed to feed its own population.
             | 
             | Denmark is a part of the EU. Their agricultural policy
             | follows EU's common agricultural policy. Food security is
             | evaluated accounting for all members, not individual
             | member-states in isolation. In case of a scenario that puts
             | food security at risk, such as an all-out war, it's in her
             | best interests of all member states if the whole Europe can
             | preserve it's food security.
        
               | simonask wrote:
               | If we are ever in a situation where food security becomes
               | a real issue in the EU - and that's an almost
               | unfathomably big if - then the first step would be to
               | actually grow food for humans, instead of food for
               | animals that are then exported to China as meat products.
               | 
               | Food security is simply not a relevant concern here.
        
           | 7952 wrote:
           | The argument about security comes up a lot and makes
           | intuitive sense. Although it seems far more complex than just
           | protecting farmland and a simple yearly statistic. Developed
           | countries can be ridiculously dependent on centralised supply
           | chains to process and deliver food. And many of the inputs
           | and equipment require a complex industrial base to support.
           | We don't just need the space to grow food. We need to feed
           | it, protect it from pests, harvest it, process it, deliver it
           | to people. In most countries Iit is very dependent on
           | electricity, heavy industry and global trade for equipment.
        
         | postepowanieadm wrote:
         | Simple: Germany has a huge export surplus that China and the
         | USA is unwilling to accept anymore.
         | 
         | Also, German economy is stagnate, based on a cheap russian gas
         | and cooperation with china. So now, the idea is to target South
         | America for exports while balancing it with import of South
         | American foodstuff(EU-Mercosur agreement, that we know will not
         | be ratified by individual countries in a democratic process,
         | but by the Commission).
         | 
         | The problem Germany has to fix is the Common Agricultural
         | Policy, that's one of the pillars of the EU. They are using the
         | Green Agenda to force countries to reforest their fields. Of
         | course the whole reforestation program is designed in a way
         | that benefits states (Germany) that have got rid of their
         | forests long time ago, and is unfavorable for countries that
         | developed their agriculture after the WW2 - like Denmark and
         | Finland.
         | 
         | Expect a heated discussion between Germany and France, rise of
         | right wing parties in smaller countries, and a push for
         | stricter integration.
         | 
         | https://www.euronews.com/business/2024/11/19/eu-mercosur-tra...
         | 
         | https://forest.fi/article/whos-to-pay-the-cost-of-eus-nature...
         | 
         | https://hir.harvard.edu/germanys-energy-crisis-europes-leadi...
        
           | RandomThoughts3 wrote:
           | Germany has been leaching off the EU for so long through the
           | weak Euro, they now think it will always work. They are
           | clearly putting France on a fast track to an exit via a far
           | right government with the whole Mercosur agreement debacle.
        
         | pvaldes wrote:
         | I think that there is an official and an unofficial reason. The
         | official is that something must be returned to nature before
         | climate change destroys everything. The unofficial is, in my
         | opinion, that EU politicians are terrified by US elections.
         | 
         | In all western countries, far right groups are crawling to grab
         | more and more power gradually. Those groups feed basically on
         | farmer followers, ruthlessly brainwashed with fake news,
         | antiscience and outrage, and the system has proven to work well
         | (See US).
         | 
         | Until now traditional parties believed that could control the
         | situation and appease the farmers with more money, and maybe
         | even benefit of some votes of grateful people on return. The
         | wake up has being brutal. Each euro given to farmers is just a
         | victory reclaimed by this groups, that nurture a higher
         | discontent.
         | 
         | So now that they are coming for they political heads and the
         | time is running out, traditional politicians feel the pressure
         | to take some delayed unpleasant decisions before is too late,
         | and getting rid of the fake farmers to build a market from
         | there is a first step. If fake farmers can sell subsidized meat
         | for a lower price, the real farmers suffer for it.
        
           | RandomThoughts3 wrote:
           | > The official is that something must be returned to nature
           | before climate change destroys everything.
           | 
           | Nature is an abstraction, not a weird angry god. We need to
           | capture GHG and stop emitting more but that's pretty much it.
           | That will most likely involve reforestation as it's a good
           | carbon sink but using the expression "returning thing to
           | nature" is not a correct way to frame it.
        
         | fire_lake wrote:
         | Because Denmark is almost entirely cities and farmland?
         | 
         | There's already a housing crisis...
        
         | sunflowerfly wrote:
         | We pay farmers not to plant fields in the US. Here in the
         | Eastern half, much of this farm land setting idle receives
         | adequate rain and sunshine. Farmers have to mow (brush hog) the
         | fields every year or two to prevent trees and brush from
         | naturally taking over. Economically it makes little sense.
         | 
         | Where this might actually make sense is around waterways to
         | prevent erosion. And farmers have taken down a large percentage
         | of the tree rows between fields that were planted in the dust
         | bowl days in an effort to use every inch of their field.
         | 
         | Although, I am personally in favor of simple regulations
         | instead cash handouts.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | I presume the EU has an excess. A lot of land is 'set aside'
         | where you get an EU subsidy for not farming it so we don't end
         | up with too much food.
        
         | rvense wrote:
         | Because there's nothing else? 60% of Denmark is farmed land,
         | most of the rest is cities, industry, or suburbs.
        
         | casey2 wrote:
         | There is no way it's cost effective to produce food in Denmark.
         | If people were rational about this Denmark would be 0-5%
         | farmland. But racism/nationalism and irrational fears and
         | entrenched political power exists so these sane changes only
         | happen slowly. This is a country whose largest imports are
         | (fish, animal feed, wine and cheese) and mostly from other
         | European countries. If they were really worried about min-
         | maxing they would be trading with other countries. They seem to
         | be more preoccupied with keeping cash inside Europe and
         | confusing old world status symbols with wealth.
         | 
         | It's as if your economic planning is based own how good it
         | appears to a potential time traveler from 100 years ago
         | 
         | "The people work 30 hours a week and eat wine and cheese
         | whenever they want! Everybody is rich!"
        
         | insane_dreamer wrote:
         | Not all farm land is productive, so converting it back to
         | forests and uncultivated land is better overall for the
         | country.
        
       | smackay wrote:
       | What kinds of forests? For nature, or for lumber? If the latter,
       | what is quality of the timber produced, or will it spark a new
       | wave of power stations burning wood pellets. Lots of questions,
       | with very little detail available in the article.
        
       | whitehexagon wrote:
       | Southern Europe seems to be converting farmland into solar farms.
       | And new forests seem to be all monoculture Eucalyptus, fast
       | growing for commercial reasons, but sadly empty of wildlife.
       | 
       | As much as I'd love for Europe to be reforested, the reduced food
       | security might come back to bite us.
        
         | skrause wrote:
         | Food security is not an issue at all. For example in Germany
         | around 20% of all farmland is used for "energy plants" (biogas
         | etc.). Even in Germany solar planels have around a 28 times
         | higher efficiency per area than biogas plants, so there is a
         | lot of potential to repurpose farm land without changing food
         | production at all.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | Is there a reason you and some many commenters here are
         | concerned about food security? Has this became a nativist
         | rallying cry of some sort? Because by all fact-based accounts
         | there is no problem with food production in Europe.
        
           | jopsen wrote:
           | And if food security became an issue we could reverse
           | policies.
           | 
           | This won't be implemented overnight.
           | 
           | We could also just make less bio fuel, or eat more plants
           | less animals, etc.
           | 
           | Lots of options, sure we need some food security, but there
           | are limits to how much overproduction we need.
        
       | ggernov wrote:
       | This is ghoulish - farmland should directly be benefit the
       | endemic population as much as possible! That's what it's there
       | for!
       | 
       | I love green tech like solar etc, made my home even more
       | efficient etc but we need fresh food to LIVE!
        
         | kawsper wrote:
         | Denmark exports a lot of the produced food, and we are one of
         | the most intensely farmed countries in the world, 60.4% of
         | Denmark consists of fields, and 48% of Denmark's land area is
         | used to grow food for animals, animals which are primarily
         | pigs.
         | 
         | We also yearly import 1.8 million tons of soy from South
         | America to feed said pigs, because we can't grow enough food
         | for them ourselves.
         | 
         | It would be nice to have some nature to walk in, it's something
         | I miss here and something there's a lot of in England, and it's
         | great combined with their public footpath system!
        
       | trebligdivad wrote:
       | Planting orchards would seem an interesting compromise
        
       | JacobJeppesen wrote:
       | I've seen a bit of confusion regarding this. First, it's 10% of
       | Denmark's total land area, which is roughly equivalent to 15% of
       | farmland area. Second, the conversion of farmland area into
       | nature and forests is mainly for improving water quality, as
       | excess nitrogen from agriculture has essentially killed the
       | rivers and coastal waters through oxygen depletion from algae.
       | 
       | Regarding global warming and CO2, the area conversion of
       | peatlands will help, but the major change here is the
       | introduction of a carbon tax for the entire agricultural
       | industry. And to end confusion regarding other emissions than
       | CO2, it's actually a CO2-equivalent (CO2e) tax, which includes a
       | range of other gasses. E.g., 1kg of methane is 25kg CO2e.
       | 
       | If you'd like to read more, see the two PDF documents below,
       | which are the main official documents. They're in Danish, but
       | upload them to Claude or ChatGPT, and you'll have a much better
       | source of information if you'd like to know more about the
       | specifics and how the actual implementation is planned.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.regeringen.dk/media/13261/aftale-om-et-groent-
       | da...
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://mgtp.dk/media/iinpdy3w/aftale_om_implementering_af_e...
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | > it's actually a CO2-equivalent (CO2e) tax, which includes a
         | range of other gasses. E.g., 1kg of methane is 25kg CO2e
         | 
         | Your pig farmers must be thrilled.
        
       | logtrees wrote:
       | Tree logging is one of my favorite new jobs that will exist in
       | the future.
        
       | insane_dreamer wrote:
       | Incidentally this is one of the approaches described in Kim
       | Robinson's The Ministry for the Future, a novel on climate change
       | (more about the political ramifications of it than the ecological
       | impacts). Interesting read.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-11-24 23:00 UTC)