[HN Gopher] Americans see their savings vanish in Synapse fintec...
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       Americans see their savings vanish in Synapse fintech crisis
        
       Author : hunter2_
       Score  : 207 points
       Date   : 2024-11-23 05:44 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cnbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cnbc.com)
        
       | treetalker wrote:
       | Trust me, bro.
        
       | matwood wrote:
       | Money of that quantity doesn't just disappear unless someone
       | wants it to. Why isn't the DoJ involved threatening criminal
       | action to put people in jail?
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | Because rich people got richer, which is always ok
        
         | UltraSane wrote:
         | Because they only stole from poor people who can't lobby. The
         | article even quotes someone saying as much.
        
       | xvector wrote:
       | We really oughta institute the death penalty for execs involved
       | in shit like this.
        
         | throwaway14356 wrote:
         | don't word it like that! it should be a punishment that
         | sufficiently discourages repetition
        
         | treetalker wrote:
         | Skin in the game prevents a lot of problems.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | Too easy, I recommend life in prison working as slave labour to
         | pay off all damages with interest set to reasonable rate, say
         | prevailing rate +10%. And this should also apply to all stock
         | holders. Clearly it is time to do away with limited liability.
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | Heh, in real dystopia, terrorist groups pay the family of
         | suicide bombers for their "sacrifice". In your dystopia, boards
         | of failing/lying companies will employ suicide CEOs just before
         | they get caught...
        
           | MathMonkeyMan wrote:
           | "This was the story of Howard Beale: the first known instance
           | of a man who was killed because he had lousy ratings."
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | Surely you'd also support the death penalty for developers that
         | cause multi-million dollar bugs?
        
           | ProjectArcturis wrote:
           | Bugs are unintentional. This was massive intentional theft.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | There's no indication that's the case though? If the
             | standard of evidence for executing CEOs is "maybe because
             | there's embezzling going on because lack of records will
             | help an embezzler", then it seems fair to execute
             | programmers for introducing 0days because "maybe it's an
             | intentional backdoor because a well placed memory
             | corruption bug would help hackers". Even before the xz
             | backdoor, accusations of vulnerabilities being intentional
             | backdoors isn't uncommon.
        
       | dexter0 wrote:
       | > In the immediate aftermath of Synapse's bankruptcy, which
       | happened after an exodus of its fintech clients, a court-
       | appointed trustee found that up to $96 million of customer funds
       | was missing. The mystery of where those funds are hasn't been
       | solved, despite six months of court-mediated efforts between the
       | four banks involved.
       | 
       | This is the real question.
        
         | la64710 wrote:
         | How is this possible in USA?
        
           | bboygravity wrote:
           | Read "A decade of armageddon" or some other good books on how
           | the US markets and banks actually work..
           | 
           | TLDR: financial crime pays in the US.
        
           | jpoesen wrote:
           | Decades of deregulation. More to come.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | What specific regulation would have prevented this? Or is
             | this just a knee jerk response against "deregulation"?
        
             | pxmpxm wrote:
             | Sounding edgy doesn't really mask the fact you have no idea
             | what you're talking about. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wik
             | i/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street... for example
        
           | highcountess wrote:
           | You clearly do not know a single real thing about America.
           | America itself is a con job from to back, to to bottom, left
           | to right. Between the reserve currency global fraud, the
           | inflation money printing, the scam startups, the deficit
           | spending and national debt fraud, the various banking and
           | financial frauds, even our children are raised with
           | fraudulent schemes with things like the "fundraising" through
           | selling Girl Scout cookies and circulate bars. All the
           | scamming online, in our professional lives, personal lives,
           | or fake religious groups and political entities, is all just
           | snake oil heritage and the rich plundering the country
           | through a fraud based economy.
           | 
           | It's something that most Europeans that come to America
           | either are shocked by or fall prey to, because not only are
           | laws tighter in Europe regarding fraudulent activities, but
           | in many places of Western Europe, society is still relatively
           | high trust and of good morals and ethics with little of the
           | overt and blatant open scamming and lies you see in America
           | on a daily basis to such a degree that most Americans cannot
           | even see it.
           | 
           | A more apparent example of that is our stores in America that
           | are always having a BIG BIG SALE of up to 80% OFF. When it's
           | just the same market prices claiming to be 80% discounted
           | from some made up price.
        
             | jmclnx wrote:
             | And to add to this, I think it was JC Penny that called
             | this "80% OFF" sale out and stopped doing that. The result,
             | they came very close to Chapter 11. They ended up reversing
             | that policy just to stay in business.
             | 
             | This is just one example of how really stupid the Average
             | American is. The past election also just proved how dumb
             | the average person is in the US.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | JC Penney's problems went considerably further than
               | whether they did or did not run an "80% OFF" sale.
        
           | pxmpxm wrote:
           | You mean how could someone possibly send their life savings
           | into some bullshit lotto-ticket-account app? Especially when
           | their interest rate is 20bps more than any real bank.
           | 
           | I don't think it's any different from people learning life
           | lessons from all the crypto 10% weekly return schemes.
        
         | chefandy wrote:
         | Personally I think the real question is why a robber that stole
         | $500 from a bank teller drawer and anyone that helped them gets
         | thrown in prison without any meaningful consideration of their
         | circumstances while these besuited lowlifes get to go home to
         | their families every night while they decide amongst themselves
         | whether they can figure out who is responsible for destroying
         | thousands of people's lives.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | I don't want to go out of my way to defend their
           | incompetence, but you have to prove what happened. It's not
           | fair to send a CEO to prison because a different insider
           | independently embezzled funds and they lost the records.
        
             | Super_Jambo wrote:
             | Seems like a rather large moral hazard if we don't?
             | 
             | At some point the courts should be able to say "ok fine you
             | were the directors responsible for the company you're going
             | to prison n years, sorry."
             | 
             | Bet we'd see a lot more documentation suddenly appear.
        
               | suzzer99 wrote:
               | I'd bet 95% of fintech startups are just walking moral
               | hazards to begin with.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Seems like a rather large moral hazard if we don 't_
               | 
               | Based on what? The catastrophic failure rate is low. And
               | if you're sensitive to that risk, don't bank with a firm
               | that's selling you on sticking it to the man or whatever.
        
               | cool_dude85 wrote:
               | But think of the innovation we'd lose out on by jailing
               | executives doing this. A bank that gives sub-market
               | interest and "invests" part of the difference in a
               | scratcher game that they run. Oh, and for complex legal
               | reasons, they're not a bank, but they do offer bank
               | accounts at a different bank.
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | Command responsibility applies here. CEOs get multiple
             | times their average employee's pay because of their
             | responsibility, which should include responsibility to know
             | when stuff goes wrong.
        
             | stefan_ wrote:
             | You have to prove the bank robber did it too? Why is it
             | that we wiretap phones, subpoena companies, search homes
             | and detain people for the lowest of drug crimes but
             | everyone throws their hands up here?
             | 
             | Like, how did you expect to make a case if you don't do
             | anything?
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | It depends. SOX compliance, if they were, actually
             | literally does say the CFO and other officers who signed
             | off on their accounting are liable. That's the point of
             | SOX. Synapse itself likely wasn't unless it was preparing
             | for IPO but their banking partners might be.
             | 
             | Their primary partner Evolve bank is not, but it is held to
             | legal standards by the FDIC and other banking regulators
             | and their lack of controls is probably where you might see
             | executive management facing criminal challenges.
             | 
             | However everyone involved could face civil penalties.
             | 
             | If history had been different it's likely this event would
             | have turned up regulatory scrutiny on fintech precisely for
             | these reasons - a privately held fintech can basically just
             | fuck around and pretend to be a bank leveraging a poorly
             | managed licensed partner holding the risk and abscond
             | through incompetence with everyone's money and no one
             | suffer a consequence other than the customers. Sadly I
             | don't expect this to change in the next four years and
             | there's every reason to believe accountability will get
             | worse as existing regulations and enforcement are
             | potentially gutted. So caveat emptor is likely the law of
             | the land until something so huge happens it can't be
             | ignored.
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | > Personally I think the real question is why a robber that
           | stole $500 from a bank teller drawer and anyone that helped
           | them gets thrown in prison without any meaningful
           | consideration of their circumstances
           | 
           | Because if you allow it, you'll have hundreds of these
           | everyday. The law is there to "scare" others from doing it
           | not punish the perpetrator. On the other hand, you don't have
           | hundreds of fintech startups raising millions _every_ day.
           | 
           | It makes no sense to throw someone in prison in this case
           | unless they are a flight risk until their sentencing is
           | complete.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | For $96 million, I would be a flight risk.
        
             | hedvig23 wrote:
             | >Because if you allow it, you'll have hundreds of these
             | everyday. The law is there to "scare" others from doing it
             | not punish the perpetrator. On the other hand, you don't
             | have hundreds of fintech startups raising millions >every
             | day.
             | 
             | Surely the scale of harm caused is the metric here, and not
             | the frequency of potential crimes individually committed
        
         | HeavenFox wrote:
         | In hindsight the fact that these neobanks can advertise their
         | customers' funds are FDIC-insured is crazy. If I run a ponzi
         | scheme but deposit my victims' money at Chase, does that mean I
         | can correctly claim the funds are FDIC-insured?
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | There's generally nothing stopping scammers from lying in
           | ads. Enforcement is only done afterwards.
        
           | hunter2_ wrote:
           | The fact that any bank would advertise "FDIC insured" is
           | silly, as it conditions potential customers to look to the
           | banks for this information. It would be better if folks were
           | conditioned to consult only the FDIC themselves for this
           | information.
        
             | cperciva wrote:
             | It serves the same purpose as asking customers "are you a
             | terrorist" -- it creates an easily prosecutable offence.
        
               | stoperaticless wrote:
               | Could you expand on why is it easily prosecutable?
               | 
               | I sense that it has something to do with lying in
               | documents.
               | 
               | But hypothetically: if I write "no". Proof of lying
               | requires proof of terrorism. (At which point you did all
               | the job of proving terorism, despite the document)
        
               | rjsw wrote:
               | If you ask it online then I guess it counts as wire fraud
               | which may be easier to prosecute.
        
               | dooglius wrote:
               | Is terrorism not already an easily prosecutable offense?
        
             | teeray wrote:
             | It should be a protected term in advertising. As soon as
             | you use it, you surrender yourself to FDIC auditors.
        
           | dougSF70 wrote:
           | I think the FDIC insurance is per account at a bank with a
           | banking charter. Fintechs are typically given one account by
           | a real bank and so funds are commingled but also it is a
           | single account so only 85k insuran ce even though the account
           | might have 1000s customer funds commingled.
        
             | suzzer99 wrote:
             | That's batshit insane.
        
             | arpinum wrote:
             | This is not true for fiduciary accounts, which are covered
             | per principal. So FDIC coverage should extend to all
             | customers if the account was properly declared.
        
             | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
             | This isn't accurate. A fintech's own money (as opposed to
             | customer funds) may have low insurance. But if set up
             | properly, those customer funds can have pass through FDIC
             | insurance. See https://www.fdic.gov/financial-institution-
             | employees-guide-d...
             | 
             | However this apparently doesn't protect you from the
             | failure of the third party, which is what is unexpected. If
             | you look at this bulletin the FDIC put out after the
             | Synapse incident, they're basically claiming they aren't
             | stepping in because a bank hasn't failed. A fintech that
             | isn't the bank, but has records of what's at the bank,
             | failed.
             | 
             | https://www.fdic.gov/consumer-resource-
             | center/2024-06/bankin...
             | 
             | Personally, I find the explanation to be pretty weak - what
             | does pass through insurance even mean then? Does every
             | fintech startup need to also directly be a bank - if so
             | that's a huge barrier to entry and basically gifts
             | incumbents with regulatory capture. If the money is in an
             | FDIC protected account, it should be safe. It does not make
             | sense to me that they would step in for Silicon Valley
             | Bank's failure, but not in this situation.
             | 
             | One weird part of the situation is that it seems the
             | underlying bank does not have records about each customer
             | and their numbers. To me that seems negligent on the part
             | of the underlying bank. Surely they knew about this
             | arrangement of pass through insurance and the need to
             | protect funds. They should have maintained separate
             | accounts for each client of the third party service.
             | Regardless of negligence it seems the FDIC is trying to
             | make this record keeping a requirement:
             | https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2024/fdic-
             | proposes-...
        
               | BobaFloutist wrote:
               | I mean the FDIC is an insurance program, if it extends
               | insurance to entities that haven't bought in their risk
               | profile changes.
        
               | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
               | I agree. But I think the issue is that the FDIC is
               | providing pass through insurance but also now clarifying
               | in an unexpected way, that only failures of the
               | underlying bank trigger insurance coverage. It may be
               | technically right but it has many implications that are
               | negative. To the everyday person it's also perverse that
               | highly connected rich people, like VCs tied to SVB, can
               | get their money protected beyond any insurance limit
               | based on their power, but poor individuals just have zero
               | influence.
        
           | Yeul wrote:
           | The whole point of banking that people have forgotten is
           | trust.
        
             | nikanj wrote:
             | Large banks have gone to great lengths to teach people that
             | banks can never be trusted
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | I trust them a whole lot more than any random fintech
               | company. At least with traditional banks, there is some
               | amount of protection available.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Put differently:
               | 
               | Less than zero: trust to place in random fintech company
               | 
               | Zero: trust to place in random bank
               | 
               | Very low value: trust to place in a carefully selected
               | bank
               | 
               | Moderate value: trust to place in FDIC
        
       | simpaticoder wrote:
       | If regulators don't act, then nothing will stop copycats from
       | doing this again. The end result will be the loss of trust in new
       | banks. The people that would benefit from this effect are
       | established banks, so it may not be in the OG banks' interest to
       | cooperate. I would be interested to hear a patio11 analysis of
       | this situation.
        
         | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
         | Much like with cybersecurity incidents. Regulators haven't
         | acted and they keep happening.
        
         | PittleyDunkin wrote:
         | > The end result will be the loss of trust in new banks.
         | 
         | The problem is in part that these fintech services are _not_ in
         | fact banks.
        
           | zug_zug wrote:
           | Well there are two appropriate action--
           | 
           | Jail time to the CEO of that compary for fraud (because it
           | wasn't FDIC insured) or full reimbursement of all creditors.
           | 
           | I'm okay with either, but if neither of those happens then
           | it's a failing system.
        
           | teeray wrote:
           | They are de-facto banks. Laypeople cannot understand the
           | difference, and these fintech services use that confusion to
           | amplify their reputation. It is manipulative.
           | 
           | We need a Nutrition Facts label for places you put your
           | money.
        
             | PittleyDunkin wrote:
             | I don't know what a de-facto bank is. To me the term is
             | associated solely with FDIC protection. Otherwise why would
             | I give them my money in the first place? Their only purpose
             | is to give me access to electronic transactions via a debit
             | card, and if I can't trust that my money will remain in the
             | debit card the whole system collapses. FDIC protection
             | covers more than I need for access to liquid cash and I'd
             | prefer to manually manage my long-term cash well outside of
             | savings accounts.
             | 
             | (Note, i'm intentionally ignoring the many other services
             | banks offer as they're all fed by willing deposits and are
             | otherwise irrelevant to FDIC protections.)
             | 
             | Nonetheless, your description of the problem is apt and I
             | largely agree.
        
         | geor9e wrote:
         | FDIC insurance is why people trust banks. I'm still trying to
         | figure out what Synapse was. Not a bank though. Whatever they
         | were, clearly they shouldn't have been trusted.
        
           | nytesky wrote:
           | But users never really saw Synapse. They saw Yotta, which was
           | a YC backed fintech working with Evolve, a real FDIC bank.
           | 
           | I really don't understand what purpose any of these companies
           | had for savings accounts -- why not just bank at Evolve??
           | That's where I'm confused. This doesn't even seem like high
           | rates or other perks?
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | Especially for savings. Using a fintech for day to day
             | banking has its uses (I'm a customer of Revolut and N26)
             | and they blow traditional banks out of the water in terms
             | of features and usability (at one point my traditional bank
             | was blocking "suspicious" card transactions from
             | "abroad"... Ireland and Luxemburg, stuff like Amazon and
             | Uber).
             | 
             | But savings are mostly fire and forget, unless you decide
             | to play an active part which is not for everyone and most
             | people shouldn't.
        
             | matwood wrote:
             | And evolve just had a huge data breach triggering many
             | business clients to leave.
             | 
             | One of the big use cases for me was/is the easy movement of
             | money cross currency. Even something that should be easy
             | like getting an IBAN as a US citizen is a pain/expensive
             | without companies like Wise.
        
             | bostik wrote:
             | Savings accounts are a lucrative and relatively sticky
             | offering. Many higher-rate savings accounts offer two (or
             | more) tiers of interest, with higher rates applying to
             | months where the customer does _not_ withdraw or otherwise
             | move money out of the account.[ss] The incentives mean that
             | the customer is encouraged to deposit money INTO the
             | savings account, but not take it out. If you don 't have a
             | full banking license, all that money is float - and you can
             | invest it accordingly. Your net is the spread.
             | 
             | If you _do_ have a full banking license, you can then use
             | some of that sticky float for loans and earn a bigger
             | spread. From what I have learned, small short-term business
             | loans tend to be particularly lucrative, because the
             | default rates can be impressively low. Big banks don 't
             | typically want to deal with those types of loans because
             | the absolute ROI is simply lost in the noise and overall
             | they do not move the needle enough to make a difference.
             | 
             | ss: you get access to better deals with less limitations if
             | you have enough money to qualify for premier (or better)
             | banking. The threshold is approximately the amount where
             | the bank's wealth management unit becomes interested in
             | you. I've told my bank that my absolute ceiling for any
             | ongoing management fees is 25 bps and will manage my
             | personal retirement funds accordingly. As a result they
             | don't bother me, and I simply keep my fraction of
             | investments at that bank in sufficiently low-cost
             | instruments. I'm happy to pay my ongoing, sufficiently low
             | management fees to them for this privilege.
        
         | mst wrote:
         | I'm hoping it shows up in Matt Levine's Money Stuff - this is
         | the sort of area where I've seen patio11 defer to him before,
         | though obviously my ideal world would be getting to read an
         | analysis from each of them.
        
         | UglyToad wrote:
         | FWIW they are acting, these things just take a while, current
         | phase of gathering comments ends December 2nd
         | https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2024/fdic-proposes-...
        
         | Dalewyn wrote:
         | >The end result will be the loss of trust in new banks. The
         | people that would benefit from this effect are established
         | banks
         | 
         | Distrusting new banks in favor of old banks is generally a good
         | idea.
        
           | simpaticoder wrote:
           | But this is why we don't get new banks, and generally
           | speaking, new things are needed to challenge old things to
           | improve the overall sector. Without challengers, entrenched
           | interests get to engage in monopolistic/money cow behaviors
           | that treat customers as the captives that they are.
           | 
           | But yes, given the current state of things I agree that your
           | take is pragmatic. I'm just saying, that's a big problem in
           | the medium/long term.
        
       | ksynwa wrote:
       | Never heard of yotta before. Upon seeing that the couple
       | deposited $280k with them, I followed the accompanying link to
       | their website. It was a horrifying experience.
        
         | mst wrote:
         | It seems like they were branded much more conservatively and
         | bankish at the point where said couple would have picked them.
         | 
         | The site *now* ... yeah. Ick.
        
           | ksynwa wrote:
           | You are right. I didn't say it in my comment but I was
           | judging the couple hardly but looks like I had made a
           | mistake.
           | 
           | This is the oldest snapshot that the wayback machine has of
           | it: https://web.archive.org/web/20200630201639/https://www.wi
           | thy...
        
             | sgerenser wrote:
             | Proudly displaying the Y Combinator logo right there on the
             | home page.
        
           | KyleJune wrote:
           | Yea, they seemed more professional in the past. There were
           | big finance education youtube channels that were advertising
           | it suggesting that the average prizes worked out to be higher
           | than the interest on other high yield savings accounts. The
           | first year I had money in it, that seemed to be true, but
           | interest rates at other banks were going up and I moved most
           | of the savings I had there to another bank.
        
       | binary_slinger wrote:
       | The linked website for Yotta is withyotta.com which looks like
       | some sort of online gambling site? The slogan is "Play games. Win
       | Big." Am I missing something? It doesn't look like something I'd
       | trust to put any amount of money into.
       | 
       | Looking at archive.org for September 2023 [1] they claim an
       | "average annual savings reward" of "~2.70%*". At a real major US
       | bank, I was getting 4.65% in my savings account at this same
       | time.
       | 
       | Reading the terms at the bottom of the page it says: "Please note
       | that the approximate Average Annual Savings Reward of 2.70% is a
       | statistical estimate based on the probabilities of matching
       | numbers each night. The Annual Savings Reward will vary from
       | member to member depending on one's luck in the Daily Drawings
       | and is subject to change in the future."
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20230912164609/https://www.withy...
        
         | wiradikusuma wrote:
         | I watched some YouTube videos that said it was a bank app (sort
         | of) before changing to gambling.
        
         | comex wrote:
         | "Play Games. Win Big." seems to be their _current_ website's
         | slogan. In your archive link the same text instead reads
         | "Banking for Winners", which helps explain why people would be
         | putting their life savings into this thing. In the small text
         | below, they did say "Yotta is a financial technology company,
         | not a bank.", but that was immediately followed by: "Banking
         | services provided by Evolve Bank  & Trust and Thread Bank;
         | Members FDIC."
         | 
         | And they weren't lying about that. This isn't some
         | cryptocurrency rug pull. They really were operating under the
         | regulated financial system, in concert with banks. It isn't
         | even a situation where someone stole the money, as far as
         | anyone can tell.
         | 
         | Sure, perhaps customers should have avoided the company for
         | independent reasons, like the bad interest rate or the risk of
         | it being an outright scam. But it's hard for me to blame them
         | when the actual failure mode was completely different and
         | unexpected.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | > bad interest rate
           | 
           | That link shows 2.7% in Sept., 2023. It should have been more
           | like 5%.
           | 
           | The yellow flag should have been the sketchy "win prizes"
           | part of their offering that the article didn't really
           | mention. What's this pseudo bank's innovation? A raffle?
           | 
           | I still agree that weren't actual signs of sloppy accounting
           | customers should have seen, and as it really does look like
           | customer funds were supposed to get deposited in an actual
           | bank.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >What's this pseudo bank's innovation? A raffle?
             | 
             | Who cares if it's just "a raffle"? Some behavioral
             | economics research suggests it's a good way to get people
             | to save, and it's not something offered by mainstream
             | banks.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prize-linked_savings_account
        
               | FactKnower69 wrote:
               | Disgusting, infantilizing worldview. Fix the culture
               | instead of chasing it. These imbecilic "behavioral
               | economists" can't wait to live in a world where you get a
               | Free* Grimace Shake with every root canal at
               | participating McDonalds(R) McDentists(tm).
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Disgusting, infantilizing worldview. Fix the culture
               | instead of chasing it.
               | 
               | Easier said than done. If you think it's so easy to
               | change behavior, run an economics experiment to prove it.
               | You'll probably even win a nobel prize. In the meantime,
               | I'm going to support whatever actually works, rather than
               | holding out for an ideal solution
        
           | K0balt wrote:
           | In finance, you should never assume incompetence over malice.
           | It very rarely works out that way. Malicious incompetence
           | maybe.
           | 
           | This is probably a rug pull in a system designed for money
           | laundering. They can't figure out where money came from or
           | who it belonged to.... I don't think that happened out of the
           | blue using standard accounting practices.
           | 
           | By mixing non-bank money companies and traditional banking
           | services, you can construct an effectively opaque and ultra
           | efficient system to obfuscate the origins of funds, all
           | without deviation in an obvious way from what looks like
           | standard accounting. All of the best money laundering happens
           | in plain sight within the banking industry through clever
           | constructions. AML rules are just there to eliminate the
           | competition.
           | 
           | My guess is that it was time to shut down and the
           | fingerprints had to be burned. Maybe no customer money was
           | stolen, but the data of who has what money and who it
           | belonged to might be hopelessly obfuscated in the process of
           | obfuscation of their primary activities.
           | 
           | This is not likely an example of sloppy accounting, but
           | rather of very, very clever accounting and orchestrated fraud
           | to make money disappear out of an otherwise well designed
           | system of accounting. The real question is where did the
           | fraud propagate out of? What was the exploit, what was the
           | systemic vulnerability, and who exploited it?
           | 
           | There is a huge incentive in fintech to create "legitimate
           | products" where John Q. Public deposits funds that just
           | happen to be very useful for money laundering when combined
           | with some other, apparently unrelated activity or similar
           | lever that only an insider knows how to pull. It works
           | fundamentally like a cryptocurrency coin mixer, without the
           | hassle or suspicious profile. Shifting burdens of
           | documentation often have gaps where things can "get lost" and
           | shell companies that act only as conduits and never hold
           | funds can evaporate with little accountability. Often,
           | "unknowing" accomplice banks are left holding the bag...but
           | all you have to figure out is where to repatriate the money
           | that people will come looking for, the flows you know no one
           | is going to come asking about effectively never happened.
           | 
           | Meanwhile it's very easy to take a margin of 10 percent or
           | more of the flows. And they aren't small flows. It's a
           | multibillion dollar market. The demand and the incentives are
           | absolutely spectacular.
           | 
           | For the most part, these crimes are invisible to the public,
           | very difficult to prosecute, and effectively impossible to
           | garner the political support to even launch an investigation
           | into, for reasons.
           | 
           | I hope the hapless victims at least get their money back some
           | day.
        
             | zaphar wrote:
             | I disagree with this previous premise: In finance, you
             | should never assume incompetence over malice. It very
             | rarely works out that way. Malicious incompetence maybe.
             | 
             | I suspect it's informed more by confirmation bias fed by
             | the news cycle than actual facts. And Misty likely the rule
             | of thumb featuring incompetence still holds.
        
               | K0balt wrote:
               | I have very good reason to believe otherwise, but I do
               | prefer your view of the world if given a choice. It's a
               | happier path to stay on until you find it no longer fits
               | your experience.
               | 
               | Kinda like the billions of dollars that the DOD "can't"
               | account for.
               | 
               | You ever try to get the DOD to hand you a few million
               | dollars? There's a bit of paperwork involved.
               | 
               | Accounting is not hit or miss, and it's not exactly an
               | unexplored frontier. Its a pretty safe bet that when a
               | well funded, fully staffed organization "can't" account
               | for some amount of money, it's because someone along that
               | path wanted it to be that way, or was negligent in such a
               | way that it is equivalent to intent.
               | 
               | To clarify, I'm not maligning the DOD here. It's just
               | their way of saying "you don't need to know." Overall,
               | the DOD is a great business partner, and I would
               | recommend anyone with relevant high quality services to
               | look into contracting with them. Aside from the
               | relatively stringent paperwork requirements, they are
               | responsive, diligent, and pleasant to work with.
        
               | zaphar wrote:
               | There is a big difference between can't and won't. In the
               | DoD case they "won't" for legal, and/or national security
               | reasons. In the Synapse case I have no problem believing
               | they can't because a bunch of tech "entrepreneurs" who
               | think they can just break into as complicated an industry
               | as money transfers are _exactly_ the kind of people I
               | would totally expect to mess it up without realizing it.
               | 
               | Most things are more complicated than people think from
               | the outside and it's way easier to be incompetent at
               | something than people think. That's the whole point of
               | the rule in the first place.
        
               | K0balt wrote:
               | I guess you are assuming that they did not employ an
               | accounting firm or accountants to assist with the design
               | of their system?
               | 
               | If that is the case (non-accountants attempting
               | accounting, or not bothering, perhaps) then you have a
               | point... but I doubt that is what happened.
               | 
               | It would be grossly negligent crossing into malfeasance,
               | and probably criminally illegal to operate a money
               | business without proper accounting supervision (and
               | accounting is a regulated, qualified profession similar
               | to law)
               | 
               | But, if that is indeed what happened, I look forward to
               | seeing the founders in federal prison. I just kinda doubt
               | they ran a banking startup without ever consulting a
               | lawyer or an accountant.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | ...Because there are no shady accountants or lawyers more
               | motivated by a quick buck to be made, with the
               | wherewithal to stay reasonably distant from anything
               | blatantly capable of blowing back on them. Surely.
        
           | UltraSane wrote:
           | The core issue seems to be that a company named Synapse was a
           | middleman to a lot of fintech startups and spread money
           | around various banks but didn't actually keep very accurate
           | records of balances. Evolve bank noticed this and hired a
           | fancy consulting firm named Ankura to reconcile 100 million
           | transactions. But most of the money is still lost in the
           | various banks that Synapse used. The core issue is why is it
           | so hard to use Synapse's records to find where the money is?
           | And the various banks that Synapse used should be able to
           | work together to reconcile the money. I wonder if most the
           | missing money was just embezzled.
        
             | IggleSniggle wrote:
             | Totally sounded like embezzlement to me too. Somebody at
             | Synapse making the records intentionally
             | unreconcilable/vague somewhere in the accounting chain so
             | that they could claim some portion of that as their own. I
             | guess it could be gross incompetence, but the embezzlement
             | story actually seems more plausible in this scenario,
             | especially given the animosity between the corporate
             | parties involved. Maybe an incompetent CEO at Synapse who
             | really believes the vague numbers they were given that
             | doesn't line up well with the other banks' own records. The
             | fact that there was a lottery system baked in that grabbed
             | from a pool of "cash winnings" that was financed by the
             | interest rates of deposits at other banks just adds to the
             | opportunities for embezzlement. An employee "gets lucky"
             | with the gambling setup a few times with a pot that is non-
             | attributable, says more money needs to get transferred to
             | the pot because somebody won a payout, etc
        
               | anon84873628 wrote:
               | The current lack of collaboration between the banks makes
               | it seem like they believe this too. The ones that had
               | funds paid out already so they could avoid holding the
               | bag. Whereas Evolve is the last one standing when the
               | music stopped and is now taking the reputation hit.
        
               | UltraSane wrote:
               | In finance the usual rule is flipped, and you should
               | never attribute to incompetence that which can be
               | explained by greed.
        
         | suzzer99 wrote:
         | Whenever I've got a chance to make half the going interest rate
         | on my money, I want it to be with some disruptive fintech bro
         | startup with a silly name. That's just how I roll.
        
         | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
         | > At a real major US bank, I was getting 4.65% in my savings
         | account at this same time.
         | 
         | Was that in a CD, or in an account with a big minimum? Most
         | major banks did not offer such a rate in a generic mass market
         | liquid savings product.
        
           | atombender wrote:
           | Marcus (Goldman Sachs) high yield savings was 4.50% until
           | revenetly. EverBank is at 4.75% right now. These are normal
           | savings accounts.
        
             | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
             | Yes but I don't perceive them as a "major US bank". I was
             | expecting that term to mean the largest banks for typical
             | consumers like Bank of America or Wells Fargo or Chase.
             | Everbank is small, and GS is mostly an investment bank
             | rather than a retail bank.
        
               | atombender wrote:
               | Marcus, which is GS Bank, is certainly a retail product
               | aimed at consumers.
               | 
               | Capital One, Discover, Ally, etc. were offering 4.35% at
               | the peak. Not quite as good, but very decent for a
               | savings account.
               | 
               | I don't know where you would draw the line under "major",
               | though. But everyone knows BoA, WF, and Chase are trash
               | when it comes to savings rates. They don't do it.
               | 
               | In Europe, HSBC (which is comparable in size to Chase and
               | BoA) has reliably high saving accounts rates. HSBC UK was
               | offering 5% until recently, I believe.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Hell, Fidelity pays 235 bps on checking and 435 on money
               | market, which you can have them programmatically move
               | everything over a fixed dollar amount in your checking
               | into [1].
               | 
               | [1] https://www.fidelity.com/spend-save/fidelity-cash-
               | management...
        
               | ac29 wrote:
               | The default CMA cash position can be a money market now,
               | so you dont need to move things around to get the better
               | rate.
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | US Bank[1] which is the second oldest and fifth
               | largest[2] US bank currently has 3.5% on their Money
               | Market account which is basically an HYSA.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.usbank.com/bank-accounts/savings-
               | accounts/elite-...
               | 
               | [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Bancorp
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _the largest banks for typical consumers like Bank of
               | America or Wells Fargo or Chase_
               | 
               | These banks are up front about not competing on rates.
        
             | iandanforth wrote:
             | How does Everbank offer rates above the fed rate?
             | Wealthfront offers good rates but they track the fed rate
             | pretty closely.
        
               | atombender wrote:
               | The account may be a loss leader for them. It's
               | definitely a legit bank; used to be owned by TIAA, and
               | was called TIAA Bank for a while. They've tracked the fed
               | rate for the whole year, so it's not a special temporary
               | deal. The current rate only applies to new accounts; no
               | idea how well established accounts track the rate.
        
           | astura wrote:
           | You're getting downvoted, but I don't think it's fair. Sure,
           | there are many places you can get a high interest rate, but
           | it's also true that the baseline savings accounts for most
           | major banks aren't paying high interest.
           | 
           | Proof:
           | 
           | https://www.bankofamerica.com/deposits/bank-account-
           | interest...
           | 
           | https://www.chase.com/personal/savings/interest-
           | savings/inte...
           | 
           | https://www.wellsfargo.com/savings-cds/rates/
           | 
           | https://www.navyfederal.org/checking-
           | savings/savings/savings...
           | 
           | https://www.citi.com/banking/current-interest-
           | rates/savings-...
           | 
           | Discover (high interest) even does a comparison on their site
           | comparing their interest rates to other major banks
           | 
           | https://www.discover.com/online-banking/savings-account/
           | 
           | So the average person who goes to the Wells Fargo down the
           | street and says "give me a savings account" is getting
           | minuscule interest.
        
             | mint2 wrote:
             | Since the company the article is about is a new fintech,
             | I'd say users should be comparing to online banks and not
             | the old guard retail banks.
             | 
             | I.e. Marcus, Amex, citizen access, etc. note those are tied
             | to very reputable businesses too.
             | 
             | Then there's the hundred or more high yield online banks
             | that are more unknown like live oak bank and others.
             | 
             | Choosing either of those two group to compare to, which
             | since gotta was an unknown online bank seems far more
             | appropriate than a legacy retail bank, and yotta's interest
             | rate is bad.
        
               | astura wrote:
               | For fucks sake, Nobody's comparing anything, I'm just
               | replying to a guy who said "Most major banks did not
               | offer such a rate in a generic mass market liquid savings
               | product."
               | 
               | Just because there exists a few places you can get such
               | interest rates doesn't make that an untrue statement.
        
           | binary_slinger wrote:
           | This was a high yield savings account. They allowed some
           | withdrawals at any time. No minimum balance but I can't
           | remember for sure.
        
         | a_dabbler wrote:
         | The idea is that people will be more interested in saving with
         | a low interest rate with the chance to win more than having the
         | higher interest rate.
         | 
         | In Ireland the state runs this thing called prize bonds which
         | is a similar idea https://www.statesavings.ie/help-
         | support/help-articles/how-d...
        
           | mrec wrote:
           | Looks exactly like Premium Bonds here in the UK. (Winnings on
           | those are also tax free, not sure if yours are the same.)
        
         | Junk_Collector wrote:
         | Yotta marketed itself as a "bank" where every time you
         | deposited to savings you would get a free lotto ticket for the
         | month based on how much you deposited. They did this by
         | offering below average interest rates on savings then parking
         | people's money in accounts at banks with higher interest rates
         | than they paid out and pulling some of the difference into a
         | prize pool. Over time (very quickly actually) to increase
         | revenue they pivoted into more traditional gambling.
         | 
         | Notably, Yotta is neither a bank nor a payment processor. They
         | are just an "app" front end. Yotta's processor went bankrupt
         | and the fintech bank they were working with to hold the
         | accounts now disputes the amount of money they actually are
         | holding to the tune of ~$96M being missing. This will probably
         | be in courts for several years while things are unwound,
         | someone will go to jail for financial crimes, and a lot of
         | people will never be made whole. Some people have called for
         | the FDIC to step in, but the FDIC has helpfully pointed out
         | that no FDIC insured account has defaulted which is the
         | necessary condition for FDIC insurance to pay out.
        
           | rubyfan wrote:
           | > Yotta marketed itself as a "bank" where every time you
           | deposited to savings you would get a free lotto ticket for
           | the month based on how much you deposited.
           | 
           | The archive link shows something a little more nuanced than
           | Yotta presenting as a bank.
           | 
           | The archive link in gp has a hero text that says "banking"
           | and then a few lines down says: _Yotta is a financial
           | technology company, not a bank. Banking services provided by
           | Evolve Bank & Trust and Thread Bank; Members FDIC."_
           | 
           | If I'm reading this as a consumer I'm thinking my money is
           | protected but this Yotta thing is a lottery incentive to put
           | deposits into those banks, maybe some loyalty incentive or
           | marketing scheme on top of it?
           | 
           | Lesson learned, don't trust "not a bank" to deposit your
           | money into the bank for you.
        
             | intelVISA wrote:
             | Just seeing the phrase 'financial technology company' is a
             | red flag.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | Plaid is a financial technology company and many HNers
               | are happy to hand over their account passwords to them
               | for storage in cleartext.
        
               | BenjiWiebe wrote:
               | I'd still consider Plaid a red flag. ;)
        
               | rubyfan wrote:
               | Could you elaborate? Red flag because of risk due to
               | using Plaid, what it says about the fintech or something
               | else?
        
               | bdcravens wrote:
               | Square, Stripe, Cash App, Venmo, Paypal, etc...
        
             | jellicle wrote:
             | Over and over we've seen the same financial scam play out:
             | 
             | a) company starts up that explicitly avoids being a bank
             | 
             | b) company does something where some amount of money is
             | placed in FDIC-insured banks, and it TRUMPETS on its
             | website: "FDIC INSURED" over and over
             | 
             | c) consumers are misled into thinking their money is safe
             | 
             | d) regulators do not act
             | 
             | e) consumers lose all their money
             | 
             | f) profit (for a very specific set of individuals)
             | 
             | The company can even fake up a bunch of social media
             | accounts to tell people reassuring lies right up until the
             | scam collapses.
             | 
             | These scams will continue until regulators get serious
             | about putting people in jail for them.
             | 
             | https://www.reddit.com/r/yotta/comments/1ctf25r/is_our_mone
             | y...
        
               | bithead wrote:
               | >These scams will continue until regulators get serious
               | about putting people in jail for them.
               | 
               | Which is so much more likely under turmp.
        
               | evrydayhustling wrote:
               | Is this a job for regulators or just criminal
               | prosecution? Sounds like step (b) is either fraud or not,
               | depending on how the trumpeting gets done.
        
               | cyanydeez wrote:
               | Criminal prosecution only works on poor people.
               | 
               | Crimes where the individual is elected president or just
               | gets rich don't do anything of merit.
        
               | cyanydeez wrote:
               | Unfortunately, the kleptomaniacs are in charge.
               | 
               | Please try again in 4 years
        
             | Thorrez wrote:
             | Should I be suspicious that Wealthfront Cash accounts will
             | fail as well?
             | 
             | What about Fidelity Cash Management Accounts?
             | 
             | >Wealthfront isn't a bank, but we work with partner banks
             | to get you an industry-leading APY, the security of FDIC
             | insurance, and a full array of fee-free, no-strings-
             | attached checking features -- all wrapped up into one
             | label-defying package we call a Cash Account.
             | 
             | https://www.wealthfront.com/cash
             | 
             | >The Fidelity Cash Management Account is not a bank
             | account. It is a brokerage account that allows you to
             | spend, save, and invest. The account offers competitive
             | rates as well as spending and money movement features
             | including a free debit card, checkwriting, Bill Pay, and
             | more.
             | 
             | https://www.fidelity.com/spend-save/fidelity-cash-
             | management...
        
               | SmellTheGlove wrote:
               | Fidelity's brokerage business would be covered by SIPC,
               | which would include its cash management accounts. They
               | also likely sweep cash out to FDIC-insured accounts. More
               | importantly though, Fidelity is large enough that you're
               | unlikely to need that insurance, and that's really how
               | I'd prefer to approach this.
               | 
               | Yeah we can look at 2008 and say no institution is safe,
               | but if there's risk everywhere, I've just got to try and
               | minimize that as best I can. Fidelity didn't give me any
               | sort of scare that year fwiw. Disclosure: I've been using
               | Fidelity for basically all of my money for most of my
               | career now, including cash management.
        
               | georgeecollins wrote:
               | Fidelity is very regulated, and large. If something
               | happened it would be a systemic event that the government
               | would definitely get involved. Wealthfront may be fine
               | too, I just don't know.
        
               | aluminussoma wrote:
               | To put it differently, Yotta's customer's misfortunes are
               | because they are poor and not politically connected. If
               | Fidelity fails, their customers are rich and they vote:
               | they must be made whole.
               | 
               | Kind of like the SVB failure. SVB customers were made
               | whole. Systematic risk and all that.
        
               | rubyfan wrote:
               | These could have similar issues with gaps in FDIC
               | protections due to money is being "managed" by
               | intermediaries or because of the type of account. Their
               | fine print discloses as much.
               | 
               | As a sibling comment points out, Fidelity is seemingly a
               | reputable enterprise with other business that would be
               | adversely effected by poor management of this product and
               | the reputation harm that would come with it.
               | 
               | Among other features Wealthfront are trying to manage
               | around the $250K FDIC limit for you by moving your money
               | into multiple insured accounts - this is probably a new
               | area with not enough regulation.
        
               | telgareith wrote:
               | Any comment on what issues there are with paying somebody
               | to open accounts for you with, I assume- a power of
               | attorney allowing them to do explicitly that?
               | 
               | At that point the only thing at risk is fraudulent use of
               | said POA, and whatever funds are held outside of actual
               | accounts.
        
           | lupusreal wrote:
           | Notably, they promoted this scheme to people with troubled
           | finances and tried to morally justified it by talking about
           | how they were encouraging people to save their money who
           | otherwise wouldn't. In principle that sounds good, but the
           | reality is they just funneled those people into a glorified
           | casino.
        
           | mimgdoc wrote:
           | Prize linked accounts is a thing. In the US, it started with
           | banks in Michigan 15 years ago
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prize-linked_savings_account
        
             | smugma wrote:
             | See also
             | 
             | https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-
             | bri...
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | tbf the UK government does the same thing:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premium_Bonds
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | > someone will go to jail for financial crimes,
           | 
           | I like where your thinking and you seem confident, but
           | history has shown this to not always be true. However, even
           | if it does happen, people sitting in jail does nothing to fix
           | the loss of the victims.
           | 
           | The fact that one of the parties involved hasn't done an
           | audit of their accounts because "they can't afford it" is the
           | chef's kiss of the clown show this debacle is.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | Being a cynic means I also am confident someone will go to
             | jail for financial crimes, but I am not confident that
             | whoever does so will be the most guilty.
        
               | mtnGoat wrote:
               | Probably whoever gets it the longest just failed to
               | properly reinvest their ill gotten funds into legal
               | advice.
        
             | chillingeffect wrote:
             | It reminds me of a certain country where one of the
             | wealthiest powerful people set up a lottery system to
             | persuade people to sign a petition espusong values of a
             | politician well-known for not paying companies the full
             | amount they're owed.
        
           | brundolf wrote:
           | > but the FDIC has helpfully pointed out that no FDIC insured
           | account has defaulted which is the necessary condition for
           | FDIC insurance to pay out
           | 
           | This is what scares me. I use Betterment for everything,
           | which strikes me as a much more legitimate company, but it
           | follows the same model where accounts are "FDIC insured" by
           | being distributed among various bank partners. I always
           | thought that meant it was safe if the company had troubles,
           | but it seems not.
        
             | throwup238 wrote:
             | I don't think Betterment distributes funds to centralized
             | accounts like Synapse does, it establishes accounts in your
             | name at those partner banks and provides a unified
             | interface over those funds. You can do the same thing
             | yourself by going to each bank individually and opening up
             | accounts manually, but then you'd have to deal with KYC for
             | each one and their online banking interfaces of varying
             | quality. That's how they get their $2 million insurance
             | number, since they open accounts at 8 banks and FDIC
             | insures $250k per account.
             | 
             | That was my understanding when I looked into Betterment
             | Cash Reserve (I ended up just going the manual route
             | because I'm paranoid).
        
           | KyleJune wrote:
           | I've had an account with them. It looks like in March they
           | quit giving automatic tickets monthly based on funds. Now the
           | app looks much more like a casino, with other games and a
           | separate yottacash balance for playing games including the
           | lottery that use to be automatic and based on cash in the
           | account. Withdrawing isn't possible but it still shows I have
           | a $400 balance. Evolve bank is sending me $0.06 based on my
           | balance because of the synapse bankruptcy. I'm just glad I
           | moved most of the money I had in it to a different bank a few
           | months before the issues started, I had 10k in it at one
           | point.
           | 
           | It looks like the drawings are still happening and it says
           | someone won 33k this month. That's gotta be bitter sweet.
           | They won big but probably won't actually collect the prize
           | considering it's not possible to withdraw. I wonder if they
           | are going to have to pay taxes on that prize despite it not
           | being accessible.
        
           | jareklupinski wrote:
           | > every time you deposited to savings you would get a free
           | lotto ticket for the month based on how much you deposited
           | 
           | reminds me of a payment scheme someone in Poland described
           | about getting a car on 'lottery', where every month one
           | person 'won' the rest of their payments paid off as the
           | prize, while the 'worst loser' paid twice the price of the
           | car? i was pretty young so i'm sure i'm missing the details
        
         | griomnib wrote:
         | Exactly, lots of people "lose" their savings in Vegas every
         | day.
        
       | briandear wrote:
       | U
        
       | marginalien wrote:
       | Apparently, the problem is not that the money would be gone but
       | that it's just somewhere else because only BaaS middleman Synapse
       | has access to the actual reconciliation how these funds
       | distribute across individual fintech end users. According to the
       | article, this is because of ,,very large bulk transfers" which
       | did not identify ultimate creditors. I am still puzzled how that
       | can be. If end users top up their digital wallets, they typically
       | send money by means of a real bank transfer to a client money
       | account at a real bank. So at least at this initial point in time
       | it was clear to the underlying banks who owned the money.
       | Apparently, end users then spent money through user-facing
       | fintech apps (I.e., ,,Yotta") which is where the problem must
       | have started as reconciliation of funds sat with Synapse only but
       | not with the underlying banks...?
       | 
       | It would be great if someone with more background could comment
       | to clarify as this case is potentially relevant to many other
       | fintech / banking-as-a-service offerings out there.
        
         | roncesvalles wrote:
         | I don't have more context than what's in the article but what
         | it sounds like is they've lost access to the database that says
         | $2000 from this pile of $10MM belong to John Doe, because the
         | company that hired the devs who understood this stuff is
         | bankrupt, and the involved parties can't seem to reach an
         | arrangement to bring in a cleanup crew. I don't think any money
         | is actually missing.
         | 
         | Ultimately a modern bank is just a software system pushing
         | around the proverbial proto between some databases and other
         | financial software systems.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | I'm willing to wager that there is money actually missing.
        
             | roncesvalles wrote:
             | It's very difficult to make money disappear in the US
             | system without getting caught eventually.
        
           | brundolf wrote:
           | Yes but some of those databases are highly regulated and some
           | are not, and the distinction between those (and in some cases
           | deceptive advertising around it) is the crux of the issue
           | here
        
         | jt2190 wrote:
         | Ok so as I understand it the flow was something like:
         | 
         | 1. Individuals deposited to Yotta 2. Yotta sent deposited funds
         | to Evolve Bank via Synapse 3. Evolve Bank received "lump"
         | deposits with no record of whose money was whose
         | 
         | So somewhere between Yotta and Evolve Bank the money was pooled
         | and records of whose money was whose was not forwarded. (Note
         | that the FDIC now requires that the receiving back keep a
         | record of whose money they're receiving because of this case.)
         | 
         | Synapse went bankrupt. Supposedly Synapse's estate can figure
         | out where everyone's money went, but they have no money to hire
         | an auditor. Meanwhile Evolve Bank says they didn't receive all
         | of the funds so there's something like 90 million that is
         | "lost".
         | 
         | Finally, the FDIC ruled that individuals had business
         | relationships with Yotta, and those business relationships are
         | not insured by FDIC, so any recovery of funds from Yotta would
         | need to be pursued in Civil Court.
        
           | duped wrote:
           | So all I need to get away with a $90 million Ponzi scheme is
           | declare bankruptcy and then claim I can't afford an
           | accountant?
           | 
           | Bernie Madoff is rolling in his grave, his plan was just to
           | die before getting caught.
        
             | ameliaquining wrote:
             | No criminal charges have been filed _yet_ because it 's not
             | yet clear where the money went or who could have stolen it.
             | The Madoff case didn't have this element of mystery because
             | there weren't multiple layers of intermediaries to muddle
             | things, and because the case was blown open directly by
             | Madoff's confession.
             | 
             | Law enforcement is _eventually_ going to figure out the
             | answers to these questions, since they are knowable if you
             | dig deep enough; it 's just that this takes time. And then
             | I would bet there will be criminal charges.
        
       | frankohn wrote:
       | Is this another failure of the US government to provide one of
       | the most basic protection to its citizens? Normally the
       | government should establish rules that prevent this sort of thing
       | to happen.
        
         | mosdl wrote:
         | Rules don't stop all fraud, justike laws don't stop all crime.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | But they can stop most, just like laws can stop most. I don't
           | think it's logical to imply that if something isn't 100%
           | effective then it's worthless.
        
         | UltraSane wrote:
         | This is a new problem created by the rise of very complex
         | fintech companies using middlemen to handle transactions. The
         | FDIC is proposing a new rule to require better record keeping
         | to try to prevent issues like this in the future.
         | 
         | https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2024/fdic-proposes-...
        
           | frankohn wrote:
           | I would say that normally, to face "very complex fintech" the
           | goverment should set a solid set of fundamental rules that
           | ensure security for the people, then it should ensure
           | seriously that they are respected. That should be something
           | like, "do whatever creative fintech you want as long as you
           | respect these rules".
           | 
           | It seems to me that not creating and enforcing such a system
           | of rules, or doing poor rules that leaves doors open for
           | abuse or errors, is a failure of the government and of the
           | political estabilishment.
        
             | UltraSane wrote:
             | Unfortunately Government regulations are almost never
             | proactive, always reactive. Honestly a lot of these new
             | fintech companies feel like they exist mainly to get around
             | current regulations.
        
             | bdangubic wrote:
             | you should watch state of the union when they pan out to
             | show congress(wo)man and senators and see about roughly
             | their age based on how they look (or even easier, see it
             | online). average age is like 87.7 :) how are they going to
             | set fundamental rules about very complex fintech while
             | talking to their grand-granddaughters on their nokia's...
        
             | BobaFloutist wrote:
             | Right but then they have to litigate every new fancy
             | attempt to dodge the rules individually, and they don't
             | have the staff or the funding for that.
             | 
             | The Supreme Court has, for decades, been carving down
             | regulatory powers to only exactly cover explicit, specific,
             | literal interpretations of confessional law, so now we get
             | thousands of potential cases that amount to "Stop touching
             | the customer's money" "I'm not touching it, the atoms in my
             | hand are getting close enough to the money to affect it
             | with atomic forces, but nothing can be truly described as
             | touching anything, if you think about it."
             | 
             | Solid fundamental rules don't work if the Court takes every
             | possible chance to redefine every single term to make them
             | not apply.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | It isn't the government's job to stop people from being stupid
         | with their money. Go look at https://www.withyotta.com/. It is
         | literally a gambling site. If people want to put their life
         | savings in there then, well, that's on them.
        
           | dangrossman wrote:
           | Look at the site in 2020, when many of those people signed
           | up:
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20200630201639/https://www.withy.
           | ..
           | 
           | The idea was just an online bank that paid interest on
           | savings in the form of raffle tickets.
        
       | d--b wrote:
       | > The mystery of where those funds are hasn't been solved,
       | despite six months of court-mediated efforts between the four
       | banks involved. That's mostly because the estate of Andreessen
       | Horowitz-backed Synapse doesn't have the money to hire an outside
       | firm to perform a full reconciliation of its ledgers, according
       | to Jelena McWilliams, the bankruptcy trustee.
       | 
       | Ok, so they can't find $50m cause they don't have any money? They
       | still have $11m that they intend to pay customers back. Surely
       | the customers are willing to sacrifice some of that to pay
       | someone to look at the spreadsheets.
       | 
       | Also, that A16z isn't willing to pay out of pocket for the
       | reconciliation is a disgrace. Surely the bad PR is worth much
       | more than the cost of the audit...
        
         | UltraSane wrote:
         | Yes. Marc Andreessen is worth about $2 billion. he should be
         | personally paying for the audit.
        
         | krony wrote:
         | yeah, surely if 60 Minutes or someone does a large scale report
         | on this it would cave a16z into taking care of the mess they
         | helped cause
        
       | wiradikusuma wrote:
       | My first question is how the government could let the
       | app/arrangement happen in the first place. I'm guessing they
       | thought it was "just an extra layer before hitting the real
       | bank," which is what I assumed everyone was thinking when they
       | deposited their money.
       | 
       | When apparently it's "not quite", then I guess it's illegal?
        
       | myflash13 wrote:
       | Uh-oh, this really shakes my confidence in fintech neobanks like
       | Mercury, Wise, Revolut and the lot.
        
         | cg5280 wrote:
         | I've toyed with a couple neobanks and eventually decided the
         | uncertainty and risk was not worth it. I'll gladly stick with
         | Chase and AmEx.
        
         | lutorm wrote:
         | It's worth noting that cash held in a Fidelity brokerage
         | account is handled the same way, by being "swept" into a bank
         | account held by Fidelity at an actual bank so Fidelity can
         | claim it's FDIC insured. I guess if Fidelity folds there would
         | be bigger problems than where the cash balance is, though...
        
           | landedgentry wrote:
           | Correct, Fidelity has a list of 25 Program Banks[1] of
           | varying quality, so I prefer sweeps into a money market fund
           | instead of a bank.
           | 
           | I also use Schwab _Bank_'s checking account instead of
           | Fidelity's Cash Management Account for similar reasons. The
           | latter's debit card is issued by PNC Bank and administered by
           | BNY Mellon[2]. They are large institutions, but I have no
           | wish to deal with the finger-pointing when something goes
           | wrong. Whereas at Schwab, I know who to blame: Schwab.
           | 
           | This type of specialization or "deintegration" seen with
           | neobanks in the name of innovation seems to be a common
           | pattern used to skirt accountability, and it is weaponized
           | against the average consumer's already inadequate rights and
           | ability to recover damages.
           | 
           | [1] https://accountopening.fidelity.com/ftgw/aong/aongapp/fdi
           | cBa... [2] https://www.fidelity.com/cash-management/help-
           | center/debit-c...
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | Revolut are a real bank, at least in Europe, and all funds in
         | it are protected by the relevant country's banking fund.
        
         | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
         | Neobanks and other third parties can legitimately have pass
         | through FDIC insurance: https://www.fdic.gov/financial-
         | institution-employees-guide-d...
         | 
         | The problem is that the FDIC isn't stepping in because they
         | claim they can only do so when there is a bank failure, not a
         | failure at the third party. So they're claiming that clients of
         | the third party have to go through the bankruptcy proceedings,
         | rather than just getting covered by the FDIC, whereas most
         | clients are expecting the FDIC to protect funds in all
         | situations not just a "bank failure":
         | https://www.fdic.gov/consumer-resource-center/2024-06/bankin...
         | 
         | Another problem is that in some of these setups, the third
         | parties are not managing separate accounts for each client at
         | the underlying bank. So the underlying bank is not maintaining
         | records that track each client's separate funds. To me that
         | seems odd and I would expect neobanks to track those numbers
         | themselves but also for the underlying bank to do so. The FDIC
         | is working on making that a hard requirement:
         | https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2024/fdic-proposes-...
        
         | whitehexagon wrote:
         | indeed, I just closed my transferwise / wise account. Great
         | service in the past, but suddenly felt less comfortable.
         | 
         | A simple transfer between own accounts, marketed as a few
         | clicks and a selfie, turned into bio-metric face scan, no
         | thanks! Plus they are pushing the app to the point of making it
         | difficult to use a desktop browser. Who in their right mind
         | demands a webcam live session to scan two sides of an ID card.
         | Oh and they got pushy to allow the bio-metric scan to be done
         | by a third party, as if!
         | 
         | The closing account dark patterns were hilarious! 'are you
         | sure', 'you'll be missing out on great rates...', 'let us
         | connect you to...', 'are you really sure, you wont be able to
         | open a new account', 'well we cant actually close your account
         | for 6 years...'
         | 
         | At least I got a nice webgl rendered rotating texture mapped
         | tick to show I'd achieved something by about step 8.
        
       | andrewstuart wrote:
       | Igiving away prizes looks pretty much like a ponzi scheme to me.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | It's not. It's a scheme that arose out of behavioral economics.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prize-linked_savings_account
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | Why would those two things be mutually exclusive?
        
             | jrockway wrote:
             | Ponzi schemes have a well-defined definition, and it's
             | simply not what these folks are doing. What these people
             | are doing is putting people's savings in ordinary savings
             | accounts, taking the interest earned, and then giving a
             | random person everyone's interest once a month.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Huh? A month ago, the bankruptcy trustee for Synapse said that
       | reconciliation was complete and funds would be returned by the
       | end of the year. What happened?[1]
       | 
       | Oh. Note at the end: (Updates with quote from trustee's report in
       | last paragraph. A previous version of this story corrected the
       | last paragraph to say a potential shortfall remains between the
       | amount of money available for return to customers and what is
       | recorded on Synapse's ledgers.)
       | 
       | [1] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-23/funds-
       | fro...
        
       | dzonga wrote:
       | lately there has been an increase in scammy yc startups
        
       | alexey-salmin wrote:
       | Did I get this right:
       | 
       | 1) non-bank fintech put client's money in the bank
       | 
       | 2) they told clients that money in the bank are covered by FDIC
       | which is technically true
       | 
       | 3) fintech moved money out of the bank
       | 
       | 4) bank insurance doesn't apply because the bank didn't "lose"
       | anything
       | 
       | At least this seems to match the Evolve's part of the story from
       | the article. And Evolve is a real bank so they should have all
       | the records to prove it. If so then it's a clear fraud by
       | fintechs, but FDIC can't do much. Otherwise Evolve is lying and
       | in this case FDIC can take over.
       | 
       | I wonder what is a reliable way to know if in the end your money
       | is covered or not. Trusting what the contract tells you is
       | evidently not enough. Having a "real" individual account number
       | in a real bank? Not sure either, if intermediary can move the
       | money out of your personal account then account insurance likely
       | won't work either.
        
         | kasey_junk wrote:
         | A very common failure mode is for money to be commingled in an
         | FBO account and improperly accounted for.
         | 
         | In that case the company setting up the account is responsible
         | for accurately keeping track of whose money is whose. The bank
         | will require occasional documentation that this can be done and
         | the bank regulators will do very occasional audits, but
         | generally speaking the bank is not on the hook for keeping
         | track of whose money is whose in the big FBO bucket. But all of
         | it is FDIC insured (up to the limits) in the face of bank
         | failure.
         | 
         | It's not insured in the face of the company failure or improper
         | accounting.
         | 
         | This is an area where the European regulators are much stricter
         | than American ones.
        
           | anon84873628 wrote:
           | Yeah, it seems there should be equally strict regulations on
           | whatever entity is managing the FBO.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | >In June, the FDIC made it clear that its insurance fund
         | doesn't cover the failure of nonbanks like Synapse, and that in
         | the event of such a firm's failure, recovering funds through
         | the courts wasn't guaranteed.
         | 
         | Apparently not FDIC insured, despite the advertising. How is a
         | consumer supposed to know whether their money is with a true
         | "bank" or with a "fintech"?
         | 
         | Edit Re-read your comment again and we are saying the same
         | things
        
           | rachofsunshine wrote:
           | It's usually in the fine print of their website, something
           | like "insolvency.io is not a bank, your funds are handled by
           | <some bank you've never heard of>".
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | Yes, brokerages do this with your cash sweep funds, but
             | they always name actual partner banks. I believe the issue
             | here is those banks moved the funds into non-banks
        
       | UltraSane wrote:
       | Kinda feels like Synapse was really just a fancy money laundering
       | operation.
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | > Customers believed the accounts were backed by the full faith
       | and credit of the U.S. government.
       | 
       | Let's just hope that the U.S. Government doesn't bail out people
       | who gambled on sketchy investment schemes. With a renewed push
       | for "crypto" my big fear is us Taxpayers will be bailing out
       | everyone's 401ks in 4 years.
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | Note the "Backed by YCombinator" on their web page:
       | 
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20200630201639/https://www.withy...
        
         | colinprince wrote:
         | https://www.ycombinator.com/companies/yotta
         | 
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20240529113112/https://www.ycomb...
        
       | ProjectArcturis wrote:
       | This seems like obviously fraud on the part of Synapse/Yotta.
       | Where else could the money have gone? There were no risky
       | investments. The underlying bank didn't collapse. Why isn't there
       | a federal prosecutor on this?
        
       | gdilla wrote:
       | This will be even more common place in the Musk-Vivek
       | deregulation hellscape
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | Will it? I have no idea how this trash could be legal
         | currently, yet it is.
        
           | fnordpiglet wrote:
           | Well, it's not. The investigation and unwind is still under
           | way. Whether individuals will go to jail is yet to be seen
           | but the underlying bank is basically dead (Evolve) and its
           | customer basis is fleeing to more rigorous shores. But
           | screwing up your fiduciary duty via a poorly managed FBO is
           | not legal and never has been and maybe won't be in the next
           | administration (who knows!)
        
       | corbet wrote:
       | Look up the Peerstreet bankruptcy for a variant of this story.
       | "FDIC insurance" didn't help there either. That's all the fintech
       | experience I ever intend to have...
        
       | deadeye wrote:
       | Where did the money go?
       | 
       | - Was it all deposited in a real bank
       | 
       | - Was it siphoned by the app to pay their expenses
       | 
       | - We're there Office Space like shenanigans going on
       | 
       | Seems like either something illegal was happening, or the money
       | is somewhere and unaccountable.
        
       | yottathrow wrote:
       | As someone who has been impacted by this - I've had over $21,000
       | stolen from me by these companies - I want to clarify a few
       | misconceptions/questions I see in the comments:
       | 
       | 1. "Why are you surprised you lost money, Yotta is a gambling
       | site"
       | 
       | At the time I signed up with Yotta (2020), it was not the online
       | casino that it appears to be today. I don't gamble. I don't own
       | any crypto. I buy ETFs and keep my money in savings accounts.
       | 
       | Back in 2020, Yotta's tagline was "behavioral psychology to help
       | people save" - they even used it in their Launch HN post[1].
       | Their site (at the time), mentioned "FDIC" six times ("100% free
       | and FDIC insured") - and included their logo twice[2].
       | 
       | So I did not create an account expecting to get rich quick - I
       | wanted to support a YC startup with an interesting idea (Premium
       | Bonds), and fully expected my money to be protected by FDIC
       | insurance.
       | 
       | 2. "Why hasn't the FDIC done anything?"
       | 
       | The FDIC steps in to support failed banks - no member FDIC bank
       | has failed here (as others have pointed out). Yotta is not a bank
       | and never actually held any user funds. Synapse Financial, which
       | is now going through bankruptcy court, is not a bank. Evolve
       | Bank, which many believe is responsible for the shortfall
       | (possibly as high as $96 million), is still operating normally.
       | 
       | It's unclear whether my money is even _in_ an FDIC-insured bank.
       | I signed up for a Yotta account, but Yotta had me transfer money
       | to a routing number connected to Evolve. Although I never
       | interacted with Synapse, they were the middleman behind the
       | scenes, moving user funds between various banks (Evolve, Lineage,
       | AMG, and American are the ones listed in the bankruptcy case so
       | far). And with Synapse going bankrupt, all of the underlying
       | banks are pointing fingers at each other as to who owes users
       | what.
       | 
       | As to what regulator ought to step in, that's also unclear. The
       | CFPB directed me to the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve
       | directed me to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, whose
       | jurisdiction Evolve Bank is in. As far as I can tell, the Federal
       | Reserve Bank of St. Louis is asleep at the wheel. (My
       | Representative and Senators, in case you were wondering, have
       | been entirely unhelpful)
       | 
       | 3. "Where is the money?"
       | 
       | Unfortunately, without regulators stepping in, it will likely
       | take years of very expensive lawsuits to figure that out. Synapse
       | was responsible for maintaining records of which user funds were
       | held at which bank, and it's clear that they were an abject
       | failure at doing this. The bankruptcy estate does not have enough
       | money to fund a reconciliation (they estimate it will cost $3
       | million), meaning users like me are being given a shrug and no
       | information on what actually happened to our money.
       | 
       | As far as I can tell, there are two scenarios here:
       | 
       | Scenario A: Synapse lost and/or stole it. In the aftermath of
       | Synapse's bankruptcy, various efforts have been made to piece
       | together its records. It's entirely possible that they
       | incorrectly spent or transferred (or loaned the CEO[3]) user
       | funds. Its former CEO is loudly calling out Evolve as the culprit
       | on Twitter, and has apparently raised $11M for his next
       | venture[4].
       | 
       | Scenario B: Evolve lost and/or stole it. During the bankruptcy
       | process, Evolve has overpromised and underdelivered, has refused
       | to cooperate with other banks in reconciling Synapse's bad data,
       | and is currently telling users that while they may have had our
       | money _at some point_ , they currently don't (Evolve has claimed
       | that they only have $0.83 of my $21,000), but are unable or
       | unwilling to disclose where that money went.
       | 
       | From my perspective, it seems fairly simple: I transferred my
       | money to a routing number connected with Evolve Bank, and at the
       | very least Evolve should be able to tell me where that money
       | went. The fact that they are even refusing to tell the fintechs
       | (i.e. Yotta) what happened to their users' funds, IMO, seems to
       | indicate that they're attempting to delay and stonewall returning
       | funds to end users. For what it's worth, Yotta is currently suing
       | Evolve, and has publicly pointed out that the founder of Evolve
       | has been accused of cooking the books at a previous company[5].
       | 
       | At this point I'm pretty pessimistic about getting any meaningful
       | amount of my money back. That amount isn't enough to justify
       | getting a lawyer of my own, as legal fees would quickly eat up
       | most (if not all) of it. And while class action suits might
       | theoretically bring one or more institutions to justice, I'd
       | likely get pennies on the dollar in terms of my own savings.
       | 
       | I don't know if there's a lesson to be learned in all this, other
       | than to only ever bank with Bank of America, Chase, and Wells
       | Fargo. At the very least, it's going to be a long time before I
       | trust a fintech with my savings again.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23780062 [2]
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20200709141034/https://www.withy...
       | [3] https://www.linkedin.com/posts/jasonmikula_new-as-synapse-
       | wa... [4] https://techcrunch.com/2024/08/22/founder-of-failed-
       | fintech-... [5] https://www.plansponsor.com/ncfc-subsidiaries-
       | accused-of-coo...
        
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