[HN Gopher] Nash equilibria in Ballmer's binary-search interview...
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       Nash equilibria in Ballmer's binary-search interview game
        
       Author : xlinux
       Score  : 136 points
       Date   : 2024-11-17 13:30 UTC (6 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (quuxplusone.github.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (quuxplusone.github.io)
        
       | moomin wrote:
       | One day it is hoped that enough mathematicians will have worked
       | on the problem to have finally, definitively answered Steve
       | Ballmer's interview question. The job will be shared between
       | them.
        
         | vlovich123 wrote:
         | Just in time for the job to be replaced with AI.
        
           | Onavo wrote:
           | Well, Terrence Tao is trying his very best to replace himself
           | with an AI.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | Which, admittedly, seems like a much harder problem.
             | 
             | A world in which AI churns out amazing proofs would be
             | pretty radical though.
        
             | Xcelerate wrote:
             | Terence is fascinating in how different his thinking is
             | even from most other mathematicians.
        
             | vlovich123 wrote:
             | I think he's trying to replace his grad students so that he
             | can solve even more interesting problems.
        
         | mekoka wrote:
         | The real irony being that they show up to work just to discover
         | that it was a software programming position.
        
           | hehehheh wrote:
           | But they can't quit once they taste that sweet total comp.
        
             | drewcoo wrote:
             | The "golden abacus" instead of "golden handcuffs?"
             | 
             | Or as my undergrad mathematics advisor described friends
             | who left academics for finance, "they spend their days
             | clipping (stock) coupons instead of solving math problems -
             | not as interesting but more interest."
        
               | divbzero wrote:
               | s/stock/bond/
        
               | hehehheh wrote:
               | You could be apply for grants all day and doing uber at
               | the weekends you sell out!
        
         | belter wrote:
         | Rumor has it that Ballmer resigned after asking this question
         | to a candidate named Aphyr...
        
       | rileymat2 wrote:
       | With these types of trick questions, it is always interesting
       | what is an acceptable trick and what is not. The question did not
       | specify whole numbers as it does not specify a random selection,
       | but one is in bounds and the other not.
        
         | jhfdbkofdchk wrote:
         | I always felt that part of the interview process is the
         | candidate asking clarifying questions as well as making and
         | stating assumptions.
        
           | mdswanson wrote:
           | It is. Or at least it was for some of us. I didn't care if
           | the candidate ever got the right answer. I cared about the
           | thinking, the questions, the strategies, and the
           | conversation.
        
             | TZubiri wrote:
             | And if some interpretations lead to trivial solutions, but
             | one leads to a complex problem, it's likely that their
             | intention is the latter. A kind of tacit communication
        
               | MarkusQ wrote:
               | Actually, it may just as likely be that the interviewer
               | is looking to see if you over complicate things. So
               | _ask_.
        
           | jnordwick wrote:
           | I hate that. It turns the problem into one of those lateral
           | thinking puzzles we were told some basic information and then
           | the answer winds up being something totally wildly different.
           | It wasn't being very random in the end not being very
           | productive
        
             | kadoban wrote:
             | Are we describing interviews here, or the process of
             | software engineering in practice? It could be either imo.
             | 
             | Those clarifying questions and some of the thinking through
             | consequences are the only really topical part of SE
             | interviews, the rest is just math you won't use on the job
             | 99.99% of the time anyway.
        
         | petesergeant wrote:
         | > it is always interesting what is an acceptable trick and what
         | is not
         | 
         | I have not found the type of person who asks trick questions to
         | be the type of person who finds it interesting to have the
         | trick questions they've posed to be prodded.
         | 
         | Completely tangential, but something I enjoyed reading that
         | feels in the same realm:
         | https://blog.plover.com/math/logic/annoying-boxes-solution.h...
        
           | krackers wrote:
           | >I enjoyed reading that feels in the same realm [annoying
           | boxes]
           | 
           | I had to reread that a few times to figure out what he was
           | saying. All that comes down to is the fact that in his
           | presentation technically there's nothing linking the
           | propositional value of the box labels to the box contents. In
           | most puzzles this linkage specified "outside the puzzle
           | world" but in this case it's specified "inside the puzzle
           | world" and so nothing can be deduced from it. But any sane
           | person would assume the two align (especially in the setting
           | of a puzzle), and so there's the gotcha.
           | 
           | Seems very different from the kind of "trick" questions in
           | interview which are closer to one-way questions where the
           | problem is trivial with some key insight but quite hard
           | otherwise.
        
             | petesergeant wrote:
             | > any sane person would assume
             | 
             | I disagree, and when I first encountered it it seemed
             | pretty obvious to me, but maybe I'm just used to question
             | where the answer can be "not enough information"
        
             | dullcrisp wrote:
             | I assume the real point of the puzzle (which is lost in the
             | post) is to demonstrate how not all statements have a
             | definite truth value.
             | 
             | If we assume that the label on the red box must be either
             | true or false then we can prove that the treasure is in the
             | red box. We'd be wrong though, since the treasure is in the
             | green box.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Well, that might be the point of the parable of the
               | dagger that he links to. It can't be the point of Mark
               | Dominus's puzzle, because Mark Dominus doesn't understand
               | it:
               | 
               | > So if you said the treasure must be in the red box, you
               | were simply mistaken. If you had a logical argument why
               | the treasure had to be in the red box, your argument was
               | fallacious, and you should pause and try to figure out
               | what was wrong with it.
               | 
               | He doesn't really elaborate on this, because he doesn't
               | know the answer:
               | 
               | > Here are some responses people commonly have when I
               | tell them that argument A is fallacious:
               | 
               | > "If the treasure is in the green box, the red label is
               | inconsistent."
               | 
               | > It could be. Nothing in the puzzle statement ruled this
               | out. But actually it's not inconsistent, it's just
               | irrelevant.
               | 
               | This is an unfortunate point in an otherwise good essay.
               | The problem in the puzzle is precisely that the red label
               | is inconsistent, in the ordinary sense that no matter
               | what you assume about it, a contradiction will result.
               | Its truth implies its falsity, and its falsity implies
               | its truth. Holding the location of the treasure fixed, no
               | Boolean model exists in which the red label has a truth
               | value at all.
               | 
               | The puzzle is an example of the Cretan paradox; there's
               | not much more to it than that. It catches more interest
               | because it's presented as if it were a different kind of
               | puzzle than it is.
        
               | Scarblac wrote:
               | No, that is a red herring, as he explains. It's not about
               | the labels at all, there's no reason to assume the writer
               | of the labels even knew anything about the actual
               | location of the treasure. They're not part of the puzzle
               | rules.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | That won't stop them from being inconsistent.
        
               | Scarblac wrote:
               | No, the point is that even if both labels had said "the
               | treasure is in the red box" then it still could have been
               | in the green box. There is no reason why the labels
               | should be expected to say the truth, they're just labels.
        
               | petesergeant wrote:
               | Quite. It's the difference between:
               | 
               | > You wake up in front of a box which has a label that
               | says "treasure inside". Should you assume there is
               | treasure inside?
               | 
               | to which the answer is clearly "maaaaybe?" and
               | 
               | > You wake up in a world with accurately labelled boxes,
               | in front of a box which has a label that says "treasure
               | inside". Should you assume there is treasure inside?
               | 
               | Where the answer is yes, and if the person setting the
               | problem says "hahah no!!!" you can say "well look, that
               | wasn't a fair puzzle".
               | 
               | It is primarily a "do you have sufficient information"
               | problem, like in the GMAT, with a level of misdirection
               | thrown in.
        
             | wat10000 wrote:
             | I don't see why anyone would assume a link between the
             | labels and the contents. We see this in the real world all
             | the time. You see a tin of delicious cookies, then open it
             | to discover disappointing sewing supplies. The sign on the
             | door says Open, but the owner just forgot to flip it and
             | the store is actually closed. Some joker puts a Ferrari
             | badge on their Kia.
        
           | dwattttt wrote:
           | > I have not found the type of person who asks trick
           | questions to be the type of person who finds it interesting
           | to have the trick questions they've posed to be prodded.
           | 
           | I find it depends entirely on whether the person is asking a
           | trick question to try prove themselves smart (and are
           | sensitive about it), or as in this case, are confident in
           | their own intelligence, and want to assess yours.
        
             | ivanbalepin wrote:
             | Not confident but overconfident in this case. Clearly
             | nobody has ever told him it's a crappy question (unless
             | you're interviewing for a math PhD or something), and wrong
             | on top of that, and he didn't have enough self-awareness to
             | double check. Or maybe somebody did tell him, but he didn't
             | care to listen.
        
               | thrw42A8N wrote:
               | Or maybe he's testing how you deal with that situation.
               | It's a job interview, not a school exam.
        
         | jonahx wrote:
         | Technically true but if real numbers are allowed you don't have
         | a puzzle. Rather, you have a silly puzzle that consists in
         | checking if the interviewee will say, "Waaaiiiit a second, is
         | _any_ number allowed? Because then you can never win! " and the
         | interviewer saying, "Nicely done!". Nevertheless, the
         | assumption should be stated.
         | 
         | The random selection omission is intentional.
        
           | rileymat2 wrote:
           | And that's all hinged in the expectations of the intent of
           | the question, if it is attention to details, the real number
           | scenario is completely reasonable. If it is not, you can pick
           | apart these types of puzzles and seem overly hard to work
           | with.
        
         | drewcoo wrote:
         | Those problems allow follow-up questions to better define
         | things. In fact, as initially stated, the problems are usually
         | so vague as to require follow-ups.
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | It also doesn't mention if Ballmer is able to change the number
         | during the game. If he is only "thinking" about a number
         | without writing it down beforehand, nothing stops him from
         | doing it, as long as it is consistent with all the statements
         | he made.
         | 
         | This trick actually makes the problem easier, you always need 7
         | tries, and the payoff, and not just the expected value is $940.
         | Of course, if these are not whole numbers, the payoff is $0.
         | 
         | Now you can continue the interview whether you would cheat if
         | you are guaranteed not to get caught, as it is the assumption
         | you made for Ballmer here ;)
        
       | joshka wrote:
       | Previous comments yonder:
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41434637
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41463330
        
       | jnordwick wrote:
       | Can't this be solved to some sort of DP way of solving the sub
       | problem?
       | 
       | Do the payout between 0 and 1 as the percentage of the amount.
       | 
       | With a range of 1 to 1 to pay off is obviously one
       | 
       | With a range of 1 to 2 the payout is .5
       | 
       | At three values it becomes more interesting. There are two
       | strategies for the candidate either a binary search for the
       | endpoints.
       | 
       | At four values you still have one level of binary search possible
       | but after that it devolves down to the two value problem.
       | 
       | At five values. If the interviewer thinks the candidate would
       | choose binary search and it becomes too too value problems on
       | each side after removing the middle element.
       | 
       | There's definite problems with this but I wonder if he's already
       | possible pay off matrix
        
         | jonahx wrote:
         | It's possible it could help but it wouldn't be lead to a
         | typical clean DP problem, because you need the full mixed
         | strategy vectors at each level. That requires N real numbers
         | that sum to 1, for each player.
         | 
         | Assuming you've found such a strategy for N, when you go to N+1
         | you still need to find the (N+1) element vector representing
         | the probability that you select each number as your first
         | guess, and you likewise need to know your opponent's
         | probability vector for adversarially choosing a number. Once
         | you guess at those vectors you can use your recursively built
         | up DP sub-solutions to get the value of the game, but you are
         | still stick with solving the optimization problem of finding
         | those mixed strategy vectors for N+1, and will probably need
         | something like CFRM or a similar technique to find them.
        
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