[HN Gopher] The Deceptively Asymmetric Unit Sphere
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       The Deceptively Asymmetric Unit Sphere
        
       Author : ThatGeoGuy
       Score  : 86 points
       Date   : 2024-11-22 16:00 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.tangramvision.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.tangramvision.com)
        
       | ssivark wrote:
       | Very nice "visual" introduction a topic that's usually treated
       | very abstractly in math textbooks! If you'd like more of such a
       | visual perspective on differential geometry, I recommend Tristan
       | Needham's book [1].
       | 
       | [1]:
       | https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691203706/vi...
        
         | jumping_frog wrote:
         | Can this playlist based on the book be a good substitute for
         | the book?
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKtctCyd0rs&list=PLWEiAJhCw-...
        
           | nyrikki wrote:
           | Depends on how much of the work you do yourself.
           | 
           | Math is like skiing or playing the guitar, you don't get
           | better by watching others do it.
           | 
           | Personally I find videos useful to augment books, but rarely
           | a substitute for them. But I am bad about pausing, ruminating
           | and practicing, you may be more successful than I.
           | 
           | But practice is required IMHO.
        
             | xanderlewis wrote:
             | Well... there are _some_ things one can get better at by
             | watching -- chess, for example. However, of course, you 're
             | right: in mathematics (and probably chess?) 90% of the
             | learning has to be done yourself.
        
         | sourcepluck wrote:
         | Ooh thanks, looks really nice!
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | No mention of quaternions and SLERP?
        
         | ChickenSando wrote:
         | Hey, I'm the author of this post.
         | 
         | Quaternions and SLERP are absolutely a fundamental part of 3D
         | vision (and game development too). However, I wanted to focus
         | this post mainly on the question "why is optimizing on the unit
         | sphere difficult?" As the post stands, it's already quite
         | verbose.
         | 
         | Maybe I'll find some time to do a deep dive on common Lie
         | Groups used in computer vision e.g. SO(3), SE(3) and Sim(3) and
         | also the common representations used for those groups.
        
           | itishappy wrote:
           | > Maybe I'll find some time to do a deep dive on common Lie
           | Groups used in computer vision e.g. SO(3), SE(3) and Sim(3)
           | and also the common representations used for those groups.
           | 
           | +1
           | 
           | Also, great article!
        
       | hammock wrote:
       | Another awesome mathematics article that loses me about 10-15% of
       | the way in do to my own technical limitations. Any tips from HN
       | on how to improve my ability to get thru, say, 45-50% of these
       | types of articles?? Generally speaking, not specific to the math
       | in OP article
        
         | jtimdwyer wrote:
         | To be clear I am not being sarcastic in saying this but the
         | only method I've found to work with any consistency is: Try,
         | try again.
        
           | Lerc wrote:
           | I find this is what works for me. I seem to be quite a
           | nonlinear learner. I struggle with the methodical x leads to
           | y leads to z approach.
           | 
           | I tend to try and take on the whole thing and not really
           | understand it then repeat the process (often from different
           | sources) after a while I just seem to understand more and
           | more
        
         | ChickenSando wrote:
         | Author of this post. I have an undergraduate in Applied
         | Mathematics and my training in the "definition -> proposition
         | -> proof" style of mathematics probably comes through in the
         | article more than I wanted it to.
         | 
         | That being said, I began studying Differential Geometry and Lie
         | Groups as part of my graduate degree in Electrical Engineering.
         | Engineers think about problems very differently than
         | mathematicians and I've benefited a lot from taking a more
         | geometric-based and visual approach to learning in the years
         | following my undergraduate.
         | 
         | So, my prescription would be to play around with math ideas
         | when you see them. Create a script to draw what you are trying
         | to visualize. This was my first time using the `manim` library
         | and I gained a deeper appreciation and intuition for the ideas
         | presented in the article even though I've studied them dozens
         | of times!
         | 
         | Overall, learning math is a slow and deliberate exercise. Don't
         | get down on yourself if you don't understand something at first
         | glance. Feel free to pause, verify an idea (either visually or
         | with a formal proof) and then continue on a more firm base of
         | understanding.
        
           | griffzhowl wrote:
           | I think where you might lose some of the uninitiated in this
           | post is in introducing the term "operator" without definition
           | or illustration
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | It's been way too many years since uni for me to do any
         | rigorous math, so what tends to help me is to try and get an
         | approximate intuition instead. As a specific example, this
         | article talks a lot about manifolds. Since I didn't study math
         | in English, I don't know what that is, so I go and look it up.
         | A simplified, but intuitive model [0] might be:
         | 
         | > A manifold is a space that is locally Euclidean, but globally
         | might be complicated, e.g. a torus or sphere, or etc.
         | 
         | Okay, so that's reasonably simple. As an intuition, if we
         | imagine a 2D character living on the surface of the sphere, if
         | they walk forward, from their perspective they just move
         | forward in 2D, but from our outside perspective, they're moving
         | in 3D on the curved surface of a sphere.
         | 
         | Once I have this, I try and read until I get lost again. I
         | don't try to rigorously solve or follow through with each
         | equation, but to rather approximately understand what the idea
         | is.
         | 
         | [0] https://math.stackexchange.com/q/1211762/128941
        
         | empath75 wrote:
         | You just don't know enough about the foundations the article is
         | building off of to follow it. What I do in such a case, is
         | forget about the article at hand, and make a list of things
         | that I don't understand and then try and learn about them all
         | individually. It's okay to just bounce off of a technical
         | article and use it as motivation to learn more about the
         | subject from other sources.
         | 
         | For example in this article, I got completely stuck on how the
         | Exp and Log functions he's talking about relate to the usual
         | definitions of those functions, so now I'm going down that
         | rabbit hole.
        
         | panic wrote:
         | What is it you're trying to get out of reading these types of
         | articles? In my experience, it's hard to really retain info
         | unless I'm actively working on a related problem, so reading
         | something like this out of the blue is mostly just
         | entertainment (and a way to check existing knowledge).
        
         | griffzhowl wrote:
         | Learning maths is all about having the proper prerequisites
         | (and time and effort...). The concepts all build on simpler
         | ones in a hierarchy leading down to our basic ideas of numbers
         | and space, so if you're missing any of those simpler ones you
         | simply won't be able to understand anything more advanced or
         | exotic except in a very fragmentary or superficial way.
         | 
         | For differential geometry the prerequisites are linear algebra
         | and multi-variable calculus, and the prerequisite for multi-
         | variable calculus is single variable calculus, and the
         | prerequisites for each of those is basic algebra, trigonometry,
         | and elementary geometry.
         | 
         | You don't need to know everything about each of these to get
         | things at the next level, but a thorough grounding in the
         | basics is essential in my experience. There's a reason every
         | STEM field begins with calculus and linear algebra - they're
         | used everywhere in anything at a higher level. Once you get
         | through those you will find things open up for you.
         | 
         | I don't know your level so it's difficult to make any concrete
         | recommendations, but in general I find Lang's books to be clear
         | and efficient sources. His Short Calculus covers all the basics
         | of single variable calculus in less than 200 pages, instead of
         | ~500 pages like many intro to calc books. Similarly his
         | Calculus of Several Variables is ~300 pages instead of 500-700.
         | Alternatively a mathematical methods for physicists book like
         | the one by Riley, Hobson, and Bence might suit you. It's huge
         | (~1300 pages), but you can pick out the chapters you want to
         | learn from and it builds up from the basics to some quite
         | sophisticated mathematics and has references if you want more
         | depth on some topic, and great problems.
         | 
         | I find I don't really learn anything from watching videos. They
         | can be complementary, but most of the learning with maths comes
         | from doing problems after reading through an introduction to
         | the concepts
        
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