[HN Gopher] How good are American roads?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How good are American roads?
        
       Author : chmaynard
       Score  : 147 points
       Date   : 2024-11-20 14:45 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.construction-physics.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.construction-physics.com)
        
       | digitalsushi wrote:
       | I heard a civil engineer make a claim once that the dust on the
       | side of the road is about 300% more laden with precious metals
       | like platinum, than random mining. I suppose this is all roads
       | and not just American roads, though.
        
         | mikepurvis wrote:
         | Isn't it supposed to be mostly brake pads, rotors, and tire
         | rubber?
         | 
         | Would be fascinating to imagine it being economically viable to
         | vacuum up and reprocess it, but based on the above I've assumed
         | it was worthless.
        
           | alt227 wrote:
           | Sounds a bit like the guys that collect the sludge from the
           | sewers in jewellery and gold smithing districts in cities,
           | then pan it for gold. Its not going to make anyone rich, but
           | theres enough gold dust in there to buy some food and shoes
           | for somebody hungry enough to dive into a sewer and collect
           | sludge!
        
             | mikepurvis wrote:
             | Supermarkets that make you put in a quarter to take a
             | shopping cart are really just paying the homeless $0.25
             | each to return them from the parking lot.
        
               | technothrasher wrote:
               | It seems more like the customers are paying the homeless,
               | and the supermarkets are just acting as brokers.
        
               | permo-w wrote:
               | it's the same for bottle deposits in parts of Europe.
               | anything in a plastic bottle costs an extra ~10c which
               | you can retrieve by depositing the empty in a machine at
               | the supermarket
        
               | permo-w wrote:
               | in the UK, trolley deposits are much more expensive, at
               | PS1. people are more likely to retrieve a PS1 than a
               | quarter, but the atomic payout is ~5x higher, so I wonder
               | which scenario yields better pay for the homeless
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | I mean ultimately the goal is to find a balance where
               | carts won't be everywhere and customers aren't
               | inconvenienced to the point of choosing a different
               | store.
        
               | permo-w wrote:
               | I mean either way carts aren't gonna be everywhere, and I
               | don't think pounds have ever been a problem for shoppers
               | in the UK
        
           | genter wrote:
           | Dust from the catalytic converter. I've heard of gangs in LA
           | taking shopvacs to the shoulder of the freeway at night.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | Doing a public service, there.
        
             | buildsjets wrote:
             | Pics or it didn't happen. I'll even accept AI slop if its
             | well crafted.
        
               | ASUfool wrote:
               | Quick attempt:
               | 
               | https://ibb.co/DYVtXz2
        
               | alt227 wrote:
               | Pretty good, have an upvote.
        
               | buildsjets wrote:
               | Ay, look at my homies get it done!
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | Doesn't pass sanity check. They would run street sweepers
             | if anything.
             | 
             | And surface roads with stop and go would have a higher
             | density of particles in the "go" places (like beyond
             | lights).
             | 
             | But if the gangs can make money doing it why wouldn't the
             | municipalities do it?
        
           | olyjohn wrote:
           | Yes, it's copper and other metals used in the brake pads, as
           | well as tire dust. Rotors are mostly just cast iron, so I'm
           | not sure how bad that is.
        
         | gothroach wrote:
         | Cody's Lab did a video with some experiments collecting and
         | refining road dust. As I recall, he did manage to obtain a
         | small bead of platinum-group metals but it didn't appear to be
         | economically viable at least at a small scale.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | > The US has the largest road network in the world, about 4.3
       | million miles of road, and Americans drive much more than
       | residents in most other countries
       | 
       | This is insane. This just proves how entrenched this country is
       | in car centric transportation. We spend trillions in building,
       | subsidizing, and maintaining this infrastructure. Only for this
       | cycle to repeat itself in 25 years as the roads/highways
       | breakdown and people move further out (induced demand). Then
       | there's the billions in lost productivity due to traffic.
       | Significant decrease in activity and increase in obesity.
       | 
       | Then the increased emissions from vehicles result in poor air
       | quality. Then there is decreasing water and food quality as tire
       | and brake particles make its way into the water and food
       | supplies.
        
         | O5vYtytb wrote:
         | You're right that car centric transportation is entrenched, but
         | this is the wrong statistic to prove that point. The US is a
         | huge country and the overall density of roads (km/100km2) is
         | lower than Europe.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_road_netw...
        
           | trgn wrote:
           | man is measure of all things. its density of people is lower
           | too.
        
           | arethuza wrote:
           | Europe isn't a country though - difficult to do a comparison
           | as a about 40% of Europe is the European part of Russia which
           | has a much lower road density than the US, mind you European
           | Russia is going to be the part that has the _highest_ road
           | density of that country.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | And almost 20% of the US is a former part of eastern Russia
             | with _really_ low density. :)
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | I wonder if it would make sense to base the comparison on
               | road network density in areas that are above some
               | threshold for population density?
               | 
               | i.e. Try and measure how many roads there are in areas
               | where most people actually live?
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Only if you're trying to intentionally cherry pick the
               | data. Population density inherently affects road
               | networks, and that will be reflected in the data.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | You should compare EU to the US before you comment on roads.
         | The US is much larger than any EU country and so of course we
         | will have a lot more roads.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | Couldn't driving more be a sign of a strong and productive
         | economy? Other large countries like Russia or Australia or
         | something that drive less have smaller GFP as well.
         | 
         | Can we make a better comparison of how much Americans drive,
         | plus total travel, vs total travel for other countries of
         | similar density and size?
        
           | PittleyDunkin wrote:
           | I imagine you'd have to weigh this against alternative forms
           | of transit. The freight rail industry is the largest in the
           | world and directly represents (presumably productive)
           | economic activity. Personal transit makes up a much larger
           | percentage of road usage, even in metro areas with healthy
           | public transit. It's hard not to see this as some form of
           | inefficiency.
        
         | swatcoder wrote:
         | For your critique, you'd want to break out urban+suburban road
         | networks from regional and rural ones. The US was a frontier
         | country that grew on top of continent-spanning trails with
         | pockets of community cropping up everywhere there were
         | agricultural, material, or strategic resources, or the need for
         | a travel rest. It's to be expected that we have many miles of
         | road and mostly a good thing that our communities are so well-
         | connected and traversable.
         | 
         | It's what happens _inside_ those communities, when they could
         | be designed with better concern for local community or
         | sustainability, that warrants the critique. And it 's a good
         | and fair critique. Just not one directly spoken to by the
         | quoted statistic.
        
         | MiguelVieira wrote:
         | The National Forest Service alone maintains 265,000 miles of
         | roads.
         | 
         | https://www.fs.usda.gov/science-technology/infrastructure/ro...
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _This just proves how entrenched this country is in car
         | centric transportation_
         | 
         | How? We're big, rich and sparsely populated. I'm not saying
         | that means we must have this system. But the longest road
         | network doesn't prove that's wrong.
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | This is called an "Argument from Incredulity" and it's a
         | fallacy. Pointing to a large number without any basis of
         | comparison does not make any statement about whether it is too
         | large or too small. You also have billions of cells in your
         | body! Is that too many?
        
       | jameshart wrote:
       | This is a great analysis but it does focus exclusively on
       | 'roughness', which is obviously important but isn't the be-all-
       | end-all of road quality.
       | 
       | One area I notice in particular that roads in the northeast US
       | subjectively _feel_ worse than Europe is in quality of road
       | markings. Constant plow scraping and harsh salting seems to
       | destroy markings.
       | 
       | I think it also shows up in the overall fit and finish of road
       | infrastructure - edging and barriers, signage, lighting,
       | maintenance of medians, how curbs and furniture contribute to
       | junction legibility... and of course bridges.
       | 
       | One major reason is that European countries typically have
       | national road agencies and consistent standards across the
       | country (because, generally, smaller and less federal). US's
       | patchwork of federal, state and local road maintenance leads to
       | vastly different budgets and department priorities across the
       | network.
        
         | eqvinox wrote:
         | I generally agree but need to point out Germany is organised
         | like the US regarding road construction. Only Autobahnen and
         | Bundesstrassen are under federal authority, with states and
         | municipalities divvying up the rest.
        
           | gattilorenz wrote:
           | Same in Italy (and probably most other EU countries); there's
           | (about 25.000km of) roads that are maintained by a state
           | agency; others are managed by a region, a province or a city.
           | There's also an entirely different agency that needs to take
           | care of highways.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | Yeah the UK is pretty similar. Devolution means Scotland
             | and to a lesser extent Northern Ireland have some autonomy,
             | but the big important roads are controlled by national
             | government (albeit not necessarily the UK government) and
             | your residential street is handled by much more local
             | government, in my case the city where I live.
             | 
             | Actually Scotland bizarrely happens to have a road most
             | similar to what most US folks would consider normal - a
             | motorway (a multi-lane highway) named M8 going straight
             | into the centre of a large city (Glasgow) on concrete
             | stilts. This is not how the rest of the UK does it, but it
             | so happens the M8 was conceived in that window of time
             | where it was considered a good idea, some parts of my city
             | were made in that era and I'm glad I don't live in them.
        
           | ajmurmann wrote:
           | But the regulations in Germany are largely federal, no?
        
             | eqvinox wrote:
             | They might be (no idea), but if they are there's a
             | significant amount of leeway allowed and visible between
             | municipal roads in Bavaria and Brandenburg (richer vs.
             | poorer states...)
             | 
             | Edit: no, at least part of them is state specific, e.g.
             | Saxony road administration law: https://www.revosax.sachsen
             | .de/vorschrift/4785-Saechsisches-...
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | Oh interesting! I'm honestly surprised because roads
               | always seemed so much more consistent to me in Germany.
               | 
               | Also, "Bepflanzung des Strassenkorpers" might be the most
               | German thing I've read in ages ;)
        
         | HdS84 wrote:
         | Just FYI, at least germanies rods are also a patchwork. E.g.
         | there are the Autobahns, which are financed by the federal
         | state. Than there are Bundesstrassen (Yellow markings,
         | typically something like B56) which are also financed by the
         | federal state.
         | 
         | Then there are Landstrassen, which are financed by the
         | Bundesland (state, LXXX). Followed by Kreisstrassen, financed
         | by the Gemeinde (county?`).
         | 
         | Finally there are Gemeindestrassen, financed by the city or
         | town.
         | 
         | There are lots of norms and regulations on how to build these
         | roads, so there is not that much variance except layout. E.g. a
         | bike friendly city like Munster has a dfiferent layout than say
         | Cologne.
        
           | ajmurmann wrote:
           | I think your last paragraph is the key one. AFAIK in the US a
           | lot less is regulated on a federal level. Like in Oregon
           | you'll rarely see reflectors on the lane markings whereas
           | they are omnipresent in some other states.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | What are these lane markings you speak of? I must tell our
             | local street department, they will be amazed to hear of it.
        
               | woobar wrote:
               | Probably Cat's Eye
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%27s_eye_(road)
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | Yes. There also is a version that's set into a groove so
               | that snow plows don't scrape them off.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | It was meant to be a sarcastic comment. My town's lane
               | markings are so bad they might as well not exist in most
               | places. And when they do repaint them they seem to use
               | the thinnest flat paint they can buy, at night in the
               | rain they just disappear. I know heavy reflective lane
               | marking paint exists because I've seen it elsewhere.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | Oh man, you want to see what a difference lane markings
               | make? Take a drive on a rainy night to Grants Pass Oregon
               | from Crescent City CA on hwy 199. In CA the lanes light
               | up like a Christmas tree. The moment you cross into OR
               | the lane lines basically disappear and you are mostly
               | driving blind hoping the oncoming traffic doesn't stray
               | across a center line neither of you can see.
               | 
               | It's remarkable that a state where the rainiest months of
               | the year coincide with some of longest winter nights in
               | the lower 48 states uses such horrible road paints.
        
             | ninalanyon wrote:
             | The lack of reflectivity of lane markings in North Carolina
             | made night driving in the rain on the multi-lane roads
             | around Raleigh quite a demanding task.
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | While I agree on your additional criteria, I feel the roughness
         | metric itself (at least as explained here) is not as
         | informative as it could be: a generally smooth road surface
         | with sudden discontinuities in level (e.g.potholes) seems
         | qualitatively worse (and damaging) than would be a smoothly-
         | varying one with the same roughness. Perhaps an alternative
         | metric might be based on the maximum speed at which a typical
         | car or truck could travel without experiencing vertical
         | accelerations above a certain threshold? ('typical', here would
         | be with regard to things like its mass, suspension travel and
         | stiffness, and wheelbase.)
        
           | wubrr wrote:
           | The metric might already account for the scenario you bring
           | up, since a road with potholes will be more 'rough' than a
           | smoothly varying one based on my understanding of this
           | metric.
        
             | mannykannot wrote:
             | I thought about that, but this is what I had in mind: take
             | a section (say 100 M) of an undulating road, smooth it out,
             | then put a ridge across it that restores its roughness to
             | its initial value. My feeling is that the latter would be
             | more of a problem (this opinion is colored by the fact
             | that, in my neighborhood, road repair is creating bumps and
             | ridges like this.)
        
               | wubrr wrote:
               | I guess it would depend on how big the ridge you add
               | would have to be. I'm not at all an expert on this, but
               | my thinking is that a ridge of size 2X would have an
               | exponential effect on the travel of the suspension and
               | resulting IRI value when compared to a ridge of size X.
               | So a perfectly smooth road with a ridge of height 2X
               | would have a higher IRI than the same road with 2 ridges
               | of size X.
               | 
               | The wikipedia article has more details on how the
               | measurements are done (there are multiple different
               | ways/instruments used which can have different results) -
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_roughness_ind
               | ex
               | 
               | > The IRI is based on the concept of a 'golden car' whose
               | suspension properties are known. The IRI is calculated by
               | simulating the response of this 'golden car' to the road
               | profile. In the simulation, the simulated vehicle speed
               | is 80 km/h (49.7 mi/h). The properties of the 'golden
               | car' were selected in earlier research[12] to provide
               | high correlation with the ride response of a wide range
               | of automobiles that might be instrumented to measure a
               | slope statistic (m/km).
        
         | js2 wrote:
         | The reflectivity of the road markings in North Carolina--where
         | plows are rarely used--is terrible, to the point that they are
         | almost invisible on a rainy night, even on freshly painted
         | roads. It's the worst of anywhere I've lived or driven in the
         | U.S.
         | 
         | Relatedly, recently my wife mentioned seeing a vehicle with
         | large boxes on each side and wondering what they were. From her
         | description, I tracked down that they are a fleet maintained by
         | a small company that measures road marking reflectivity:
         | 
         | https://www.beckenterprises.com/services/
         | 
         | So who knows, maybe NC is finally doing something about the
         | road markings here.
        
           | tdeck wrote:
           | What an interesting niche business! I love that the Software
           | section of their homepage appears to be a screenshot of
           | WordPress template source code.
        
             | withinboredom wrote:
             | That's a stock image when you search for "code" available
             | on almost any stock image provider.
        
               | tdeck wrote:
               | I figured something like that it's just a little bit
               | funny.
        
           | sumtechguy wrote:
           | In NC it really depends on where you live. With some of them
           | looking very nice. While others it looks like it has not been
           | touched in 20 years. I personally think they just have a set
           | timeframe to refresh things and they stick rigidly to that no
           | matter how good or bad they are.
        
             | js2 wrote:
             | I've driven NC from the mountains to the sea and haven't
             | seen good reflective markings anywhere. Certainly all the
             | road markings in and around Wake county are awful. Even at
             | their best the markings don't compare to say Florida roads.
             | 
             | I think part of the problem is that NC counties don't
             | maintain their own roads:
             | 
             | "North Carolina has the second largest state maintained
             | highway network in the United States because all roads in
             | North Carolina are maintained by either municipalities or
             | the state."
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina_Highway_System
             | 
             | I think NCDOT just doesn't use reflective paint. Maybe it's
             | more expensive. I see folks complain about it frequently.
             | 
             | https://old.reddit.com/r/asheville/comments/18ro7lx/why_doe
             | s...
             | 
             | https://old.reddit.com/r/raleigh/comments/12ehtj6/rain_and_
             | r...
             | 
             | A video of 3M reflective paint that is designed to work in
             | both wet and dry conditions (skip to 6:40):
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/4iY8JqHN-kI?t=400
             | 
             | A related issue you may have noticed is the large amount of
             | trash on our roadsides. This is again because roadside
             | trash pickup is maintained by the state and the budget for
             | roadside cleanup has been de/underfunded since 2008.
        
           | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
           | Interesting, they're not that far from me. I love these
           | little niche industries that no one's heard of. I guess they
           | have to travel a lot to get enough business though.
        
           | nkrisc wrote:
           | Ah, very cool, and great timing. I saw one the other day and
           | was wondering what it was measuring (I assumed).
        
         | CoopaTroopa wrote:
         | You have a good point. I live in Michigan and recently traveled
         | down to Austin, Texas. The roads didn't seem all that much
         | better but all of the road markings really stuck out to me.
         | Reflectors in all the lines separating lanes, soft bollards
         | surrounding cross walks and parking areas, extra curbs built in
         | for bike lanes. It makes things look a lot nicer but my first
         | thought was, "could you imagine trying to plow around those
         | bollards, or those reflectors would get ripped up on the first
         | pass."
        
           | 1659447091 wrote:
           | Austin didn't even have snow plows until 2022, the year after
           | snowmageddon. If I remember correctly, they tried using road
           | graders and sand. Even then, it's generally ice, not snow in
           | central tx, even after removing snow in 2021 there
           | isn't/wasn't much to do about all the ice.
        
             | cglace wrote:
             | To me, snowmageddon will always be Atlanta 2014.
        
           | Etheryte wrote:
           | Northern Europe gets more than enough snow and bollards and
           | reflectors are a thing all the same. It's not a problem if
           | you plan for it ahead of time and design and build things
           | with that in mind.
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | For what it's worth I hate the roads and parking in Europe.
         | Roads are narrow, intersections are chaotic and parking is a
         | joke. I drove around Europe for around 3 months (France, Spain,
         | Italy, Germany, Belgium etc.) and longed to drive back in the
         | US again.
        
           | DrBrock wrote:
           | This feels like it's supposed to sound like a bad thing. I
           | think it's awesome the cities you went to were designed for
           | the people who actually live in those cities, not the people
           | driving through.
        
           | switch007 wrote:
           | Yeah in Europe you want to head for the main train stations
           | or Park and Rides if you're spending time in cities. They
           | usually have large car parks and good public transport.
           | 
           | Outside of towns and cities the road networks in those
           | countries are generally excellent. Especially in France and
           | Italy with their toll roads.
           | 
           | If you're just going city to city, take the train.
           | 
           | I've driven extensively in Spain and to a lesser extent
           | France, Italy and Germany and never found parking a "joke"
           | except in cities or with a huge car. Of course, due to
           | density, the free parking places are usually very busy and
           | hectic. But there's always an option to pay/pay more
        
           | the_mitsuhiko wrote:
           | Probably comes down to what you are used to. I find driving
           | in the US stressful mostly because of other drivers not
           | behaving like I'm used to.
        
       | mikepurvis wrote:
       | I bet the proportion of unpaved roads would look a lot less bad
       | if it was done by lane-miles rather than road-miles.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | Of course, nearly all roads with >2 lanes in the US are paved.
         | But that doesn't tell us anything other than the fact that we
         | have the money to pave roads that are frequently traveled.
        
       | O5vYtytb wrote:
       | Amazing that Minneapolis tops the city road quality chart,
       | despite having the harshest winters. Do southern cities not build
       | their roads so robustly? Or are they not maintained?
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | I'm guessing not maintained. Minneapolis is forced to spend a
         | lot more on roads just to keep things acceptable. They also
         | have a lot of voters with a memory of how bad things get after
         | a bad winter and so politicians don't dare short road funding
         | let they be voted out over a few potholes. (I've seen roads in
         | Minneapolis that were more pothole than surface)
        
         | gorfian_robot wrote:
         | the south is generally a poor region with terrible public sand
         | social services
        
           | O5vYtytb wrote:
           | 3 of the bottom 4 cities are in California.
        
             | dmoy wrote:
             | I mean, yea? CA has the highest real poverty rate (SPM) in
             | the whole country.
             | 
             | Some of that won't translate as well to road quality due to
             | the fixed cost portion of road repair (because the OPM rate
             | isn't the highest (though still quite high)), but some of
             | it will due to the not fixed cost portion (labor, etc).
             | 
             | But it definitely affects prioritization. People won't care
             | as much about road quality relative to other things.
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | This does not make a great argument for California. It
               | appears as a failed state compared to others.
        
         | cactacea wrote:
         | > Do southern cities not build their roads so robustly? Or are
         | they not maintained?
         | 
         | Yes
        
         | edwhitesell wrote:
         | Maintenence. I grew up in the north (Michigan) and spent time
         | in Massachusetts, living in Texas now it's very different how
         | infrastructure is funded. I'd call it a result of the general
         | politics, no one wants to spend money on infrastructure.
         | 
         | I believe the latest stat I heard was that over 70% of the
         | roads & alleys in the city where I live are >40 years old. That
         | also means all of the infrastructure under the roads (water,
         | conduits, etc.) are also >40 years old.
        
         | firesteelrain wrote:
         | Not all Southern states.
         | 
         | Florida is an outlier in road quality both anecdotally and from
         | this page - almost equal in quality to blue states of New
         | Hampshire and Maine. Non-interstate Florida roads drop to 74%,
         | lower than Alabama (which has less interstate roadways than
         | Florida) but higher than all other Southern states and most
         | Northern states.
         | 
         | 1. https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/florida-ranks-among-
         | top-5....
        
         | quickthrowman wrote:
         | There's a joke in Minnesota about having only two seasons,
         | winter and road construction. As soon as the ground thaws, road
         | construction starts up all over Minnesota.
         | 
         | St Paul is right next door to Mpls and has absolutely terrible
         | roads, but they're improving. St Paul has full road replacement
         | on a 120 year schedule because they got drunk on TIF over the
         | past few decades and don't have the money for to schedule full
         | road replacements every 60 years.
         | 
         | St Paul does enough road maintenance and pothole filling that
         | it owns an asphalt batch plant:
         | https://www.stpaul.gov/departments/public-works/street-maint...
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | My grandpa used to work for the MN highway department. That
           | isn't a joke, it was reality for them. Either the plows are
           | on the truck and they are plowing snow, or the plows are not
           | on and they are fixing roads.
           | 
           | Roads are a tiny % of any government budget. St Paul could
           | have the money to do more if they wanted, and it wouldn't be
           | much of a total budget increase. However it would still
           | increase taxes and so people should debate if it is worth the
           | cost.
        
         | xenospn wrote:
         | When I was driving in Minneapolis a few years ago, you couldn't
         | drive more than 20 miles an hour because the roads were so bad
         | around the neighborhood. I wonder if they fixed that.
        
           | brewdad wrote:
           | I think Minneapolis has a citywide 20 mph speed limit for
           | non-arterial roads. They might consider the rough road a
           | feature.
        
         | throaway204 wrote:
         | Winnipeg has notoriously bad roads throughout the city, and the
         | harsh winters are always the excuse. But Minneapolis and Fargo
         | don't seem to have these problems!
        
       | Spivak wrote:
       | This explains why there's such a huge and consistent split in how
       | good/crumbling US infrastructure is! It's "lives in a top-10
       | metro area / doesn't." It's been living rent-free in my head why
       | opinions on this are so unbelievably stark. Turns out you can
       | both be right.
        
       | VyseofArcadia wrote:
       | How does Hawaii have interstates?
        
         | ThinkingGuy wrote:
         | https://www.straightdope.com/21341858/how-can-there-be-inter...
        
         | cratermoon wrote:
         | Just one. H1 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_H-1>
        
           | DCH3416 wrote:
           | More than one. H-1, H-2, H-3, and then looks like a spur of
           | some kind H-201.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | Because "interstate" doesn't refer to the function of the
         | particular road, it refers to the federal program that created
         | them: the "Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate
         | and Defense Highways".
         | 
         | There are a _ton_ of interstate highways which do not go
         | between states, even in the continental US, and especially the
         | auxiliary (i.e. 3-digit) interstate highways:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_auxiliary_Interstate_H...
         | 
         | The US already previously had (and still has), a national road
         | system that traversed across states other than the Eisenhower
         | system. But nobody calls these roads "interstate" because
         | they're not in the Eisenhower system:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highway...
         | 
         | "Interstate" has always specifically referred to Eisenhower
         | system roads only.
        
           | kunwon1 wrote:
           | I watched this YT video [1] about the interstate system
           | recently, I found it informative and entertaining
           | 
           | To me, the Eisenhower Tunnel in CO [2] is noteworthy. It
           | crosses the continental divide at altitude. From what I've
           | read and watched, they don't allow HAZMAT trucks to go
           | through, because the risk is simply too high (well equipped
           | fire/rescue departments are hours away, among other factors)
           | 
           | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SR7BA3xEmDo
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenhower_Tunnel?useskin=v
           | ect...
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | As I understand, HAZMAT is very commonly banned in a lot of
             | tunnels, and some jurisdictions ban it in all tunnels.
        
         | czinck wrote:
         | There's an interstate that runs entirely within one county, in
         | Maryland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_97
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | Not just that, but how is the overall quality of roads in
         | Hawaii so bad?
         | 
         | It is not a poor state.
        
       | kube-system wrote:
       | > Interestingly, I expected cold places to have lower road
       | quality in general due to things like freeze-thaw cycles and the
       | impact of road salting, but there doesn't seem to be much
       | correlation. Plenty of cold places (North Dakota, Wyoming,
       | Minnesota) have good-quality roads
       | 
       | Not sure about those states in particular, but I have anecdotally
       | noticed that some of the places with the harshest winters do some
       | of the least road salting -- because salt is mostly usable for
       | light to moderate snowfall and the people who live in the
       | harshest climates are often better equipped to drive on hard
       | packed snow.
        
         | hanniabu wrote:
         | Also depends on where you're looking. Cities will have worse
         | roads because they're always digging working on gas and water
         | lines, some of which leak. That disturbance of the ground will
         | make things a lot worse than some rural road where the ground
         | hasn't been disturbed since it was created.
        
           | softfalcon wrote:
           | This is the truth. They're digging out under a massive
           | overpass in my area right now to fix water main and gas
           | piping issues as we speak.
           | 
           | Road is all torn up and patched up. It has been a boondoggle
           | of construction cones and heavy machinery for months now.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | The new suburb I live in they put all that beside the road
           | not under it. That is what the space between the road and
           | sidewalk is for.
        
             | brewdad wrote:
             | This works well in suburbs with modern setback rules. It
             | doesn't work so well in established urban areas where
             | buildings often go right up to the sidewalk which goes
             | right up to the road.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | It doesn't work well here either. It frees up the roads a
               | little, but as someone who bikes on those "shared use"
               | sidewalks there are regularly "yellow vest people"
               | blocking the sidewalks.
        
         | softfalcon wrote:
         | This is somewhat true where I'm at in Canada. In the city, half
         | the people have proper winter tires, the other half "wing it"
         | with whatever they can afford/put-up-with.
         | 
         | Regularly see accidents all winter long from goofs sliding
         | straight across multiple lanes of traffic or going off into the
         | ditch. Only some of us are prepared.
         | 
         | We don't salt, only drop sand grit and gravel sparingly. Our
         | roads become ice rinks or snow piles for a decent portion of
         | the winter.
         | 
         | Your comment about us being "better equipped" made me chuckle
         | as I spent this morning watching my neighbours play slip-and-
         | slide in the cul-de-sac cause they opted to not put their
         | winter tires on.
         | 
         | As someone who grew up in the mountains, their behaviour is
         | downright dangerous in my opinion.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | > opted to not put their winter tires on.
           | 
           | Heh. At least they have them, and/or know what they are. I
           | have been met with "they make tires just for snow?" when
           | talking about snow tires in the US before.
        
             | softfalcon wrote:
             | Hah! Yup! Heard that one before from Californians, Texans,
             | New Yorkers, and Arizonans in my travels.
             | 
             | Ignorance can be the death of ya! Thank goodness most of
             | them aren't trying to drive up here!
        
               | eep_social wrote:
               | CA, TX, AZ yeah, yeah, yeah but hang on.. New Yorkers!? I
               | hope these are the ones who live in NYC without a car..
               | otherwise that's completely insane. Upstate NY gets tons
               | of snow. Buffalo famously so.
        
               | ElevenLathe wrote:
               | I've lived in Michigan most of my life and only people in
               | the remotest places have snow tires. City folk just use
               | the same all-weather radials all year round and maybe
               | keep some chains in the trunk for emergencies.
        
               | olyjohn wrote:
               | Honestly, tire tech has come a long way even in the last
               | 10 years. Some current 3 peak rated all seasons can
               | outperform some of yesterdays best snow tires.
        
               | buildsjets wrote:
               | Nobody lives upstate, relatively speaking. New York
               | State's population is 19.5M. 8M live within NYC limits.
               | Another 8m live on Long Island and 2M in the counties
               | just west of NYC. So around 1.5M for all the upstate
               | areas combined compared to 18M in the metro area.
        
               | kemotep wrote:
               | I think you are double counting Queens and Brooklyn in
               | that estimate of Long Island because between the Metro
               | areas of just Buffalo and Rochester is over 2 million
               | people not counting places like Syracuse and Albany.
               | 
               | Yes, New York like most States is full of dozens and
               | dozens of counties with less than 10,000 people but they
               | add up and while the city proper of Buffalo is like
               | 1/10th a single Borough in population, it too has suburbs
               | and exurbs. Even the area around Fort Drum is just over
               | 100k people.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | The average driver today knows shockingly little about
               | their car. It's an appliance. They put gas in it, take it
               | to the dealer for service when the message comes up
               | saying service is due, and that's about it. Checking tire
               | pressures, tread wear, brake wear, oil and other fluid
               | levels, or opening the hood for any reason is not
               | something they ever think about.
               | 
               | They make their payments and trade when the warranty
               | expires. It's an appliance.
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | That's amusing to me. My spouse and I fix all our
               | appliances, cars included.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | The sentiment resonates with me. I'm the only person
               | under 50 I know that changes their own oil, let alone
               | performs other routine maintenance like air filters and
               | break pads.
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | I think you and I had a disagreement the other day. It's
               | nice to see we also agree on things.
        
               | daedrdev wrote:
               | To be fair I feel like this requires being a homeowner so
               | that you have a garage to work in
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | I don't have a garage.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | Do you own a home? Every apartment I've ever lived in
               | prohibited doing any car maintainance on the property.
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | Yes, and my unique qualification for owning a 1100 sqft
               | home was "no HOA"
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | No garage. I have a driveway, but do most of my auto work
               | in the street because I don't want stains on it
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | When I rented a room, I did my auto maintenance on the
               | curb. Now that I have a home, I still do that because I
               | don't want oil stains on my driveway.
               | 
               | I get that some people don't have space for an oil pan,
               | but tons do. Brake pad replacement doesn't require
               | anything besides the jack from your car and a socket
               | wrench.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Many localities have co-op community workshops where you
               | can use their space to work on your car. They may even
               | have a lift, common tools you can use, and someone there
               | who might know enough about car repair to help you. Or
               | not, but check into it.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | There is also old-fashioned community. Most people know a
               | friend or family member with a driveway.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | Yeah that there, that's getting to be incredibly
               | uncommon.
               | 
               | And it's not hard to see why.
               | 
               | I had a GE washing machine start misbehaving one day. It
               | would fill the tub, do a few spins to try and balance the
               | load, start to spin up for a few minutes, stop. Try and
               | balance the load, spin for a few minutes, stop. Then
               | eventually just give up, without even draining the tub
               | before unlocking the door.
               | 
               | Me knowing appliances pretty well, I already had the
               | knowledge the service manual is probably tucked away
               | inside the shell. Strike one going against most normal
               | people, they wouldn't know to do that. Open that up, see
               | how to get into the diagnostic menu and translate the
               | error codes and run some tests.
               | 
               | Ok, so now I know it's a speed sensing issue. The speed
               | the motor is reporting and the speed the tub speed sensor
               | isn't making sense for the fixed gear ratio so it thinks
               | there's something unsafe going on. That's a decent safety
               | issue, but looking at the tub as it spins it's probably
               | just a sensor issue.
               | 
               | The tub hall effect sensor was like $20 shipped from the
               | GE parts website. Quick and easy to swap out. No dice,
               | still not wanting to spin up. More reading online, it's
               | likely the main motor inverter board. Well, that's pretty
               | deep in the machine, could also be the motor assembly
               | itself which would be covered under warranty, let me call
               | a GE service guy to come.
               | 
               | Service guy comes, he plugs some wireless adapter into a
               | hidden USB port, fumbles with it for a few minutes with
               | an iPad with a shattered screen, gives up diagnosing the
               | issue. Writes up an invoice proposal for $900 worth of
               | parts and labor for him to swap out a ton of things, or a
               | referral code/discount coupon for me to buy a new unit.
               | 
               | I decline the order. Surely not all this shit is wrong
               | with the thing. I find the inverter board online from a
               | third party site for <$100, was available from the
               | official parts site for not much more. Start unplugging
               | it a bunch, and notice the motor hall sensor pin wasn't
               | seated very well. I don't want to put it all together
               | again just to find reseating/gluing the connection
               | together didn't solve the problem, so I just put the new
               | inverter board in. Put it all back together and it's just
               | fine for <$100.
               | 
               | I imagine it was just a loose connection for that sensor.
               | This is probably still a perfectly functional board on my
               | shelf. I'll keep it and the other sensor in case some
               | other issues happens in the future. But it could have
               | been just a loose connection that sent this nearly $1000
               | unit to the scrapyard if it wasn't for me bothering to
               | look. It could have been an exceptionally cheap part. And
               | the final fix I accepted was just somewhat cheap part.
               | 
               | In the end people generally don't care to actually fix
               | shit, and I imagine the majority of people would have
               | just thrown up their hands before looking for the service
               | manual, called the tech, he would have made it obvious a
               | new unit would be a better deal, and they would have
               | taken it.
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | I did something similar for a dryer. Even identified the
               | part that failed.
               | 
               | I bought the part-number equivalent part and the prongs
               | didn't fit in the slot. I spent 45 minutes carefully
               | filing down/snipping the prongs to fit the enclosure.
               | Been 5? years without an issue.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Did you get the part on Amazon? I've had really bad luck
               | with third party parts from Amazon. I always pay a bit
               | more for OE or OEM parts now.
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | I don't remember. Probably.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | I generally try to avoid Amazon as much as I can these
               | days. Unless I know some supplier only really sells
               | through Amazon I try and buy directly or use another
               | retailer. Far too hard to tell if I'm buying something
               | legit or not.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Once upon a time (more than 5 years ago), I bought a
               | small Bluetooth USB on Amazon that also required some
               | manual work before I was able to stick it into a normal
               | USB port... it was very slightly more massive and careful
               | filing took care of it.
               | 
               | One would expect that there is nothing more standard than
               | USB-A. Nope. There is an exception for every rule.
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | > In the end people generally don't care to actually fix
               | shit, and I imagine the majority of people would have
               | just thrown up their hands before looking for the service
               | manual, called the tech, he would have made it obvious a
               | new unit would be a better deal, and they would have
               | taken it.
               | 
               | Is that the conclusion to this whole story?
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | Sure, pretty much. A hired tech didn't bother
               | understanding the deeper issue would prefer me to use his
               | coupon code to buy a new unit of great cost to me.
               | Chances are a simple reseating of a connector and
               | additional support would have prevented several hundred
               | pounds of otherwise perfectly fine materials going to a
               | landfill and cost me almost $1,000 for a similar
               | replacement unit.
               | 
               | And if I didn't have enough knowledge and determination
               | past a standard consumer it would have been trash. Sadly
               | most consumers and support techs don't care enough.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | The difficult of dismantling some of these things to fix
               | things is a significant issue though - you have to have
               | the time and interest in a lot of cases, and at the end
               | of the investment might still have a non-functional item.
               | 
               | i.e. if I spend 3 days figuring out my washing machine,
               | I'm trading leisure time (bought at whatever my salary
               | rate is) for the cost of the machine. If the machine is a
               | nightmare to open up and close, then I don't really blame
               | people for just buying a new one.
               | 
               | A bunch of this can obviously be mitigated: right-to-
               | repair is a good start, but we also need incentives for
               | serviceability - the example you give of being able to
               | actually get diagnostic data is one area (IMO: that
               | should just be legally mandated as open-source, make it a
               | national security policy - which it is IMO). Firmware
               | blobs for chips should also be public - i.e. I've got a
               | few things where the microcontroller is dead, I can
               | source a replacement, but there's no way to get a copy of
               | the onboard programming.
               | 
               | And then obviously, if we could somehow encourage design
               | which means components are easy to remove, that would be
               | great (i.e. logic and control boards should _always_ be
               | mounted accessibly).
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | Some people are just built different.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | >yeah but hang on.. New Yorkers!
               | 
               | New England too. At best only a minority of people use
               | snow tires here.
               | 
               | Which should beg the question if these things are as
               | magical as the internet cheerleaders say they are then
               | why doesn't everyone in these sorts of states have them.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | Winter tires are one of those things that are very poorly
               | marketed for some reason. Magical? No, but very, very
               | good. I drive a RWD car through Minnesota winters and I
               | was completely blown away by the difference the first
               | time I got a set of winter tires. That said, you really
               | only notice the difference if the roads haven't been
               | plowed yet.
        
               | xboxnolifes wrote:
               | Because if you believe you can get by without them, why
               | shell out the money? And you generally _can_ get by
               | without them if you live relatively close to an urban
               | area.
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | It would be weird if someone in upstate NY hadn't heard
               | of snow tires, but it's not insane to not use them. I
               | spent most of my life in Wisconsin (obviously a place
               | with lots of snow and ice), and frankly snow tires just
               | aren't necessary in most winter driving scenarios. All
               | seasons will do you just fine 95% of the time, and for
               | the other 5% you should consider chains instead of snow
               | tires anyways. Or of course don't go out, which is the
               | actual best option most of the time. Almost nobody back
               | home has snow tires because they just aren't worth it.
        
               | wbl wrote:
               | Californians? I'd be curious to know what parts of the
               | state they are driving in because I cannot imagine living
               | in CA with a car and not going to the pretty places.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | I'd imagine most Californians are using chains or other
               | traction devices rather than snow tires. Snow tires would
               | be awful in the Bay Area or pretty much any of the
               | state's main cities.
        
               | Maultasche wrote:
               | As a Californian living in the central valley, where we
               | never get snow, I had never heard of snow tires until I
               | lived in Germany, where seemingly everyone had them in
               | winter. Nobody around here has them or even sells them.
               | 
               | When we go up into the mountains in winter, either the
               | roads are cleared and we can drive on them with normal
               | tires, or it's snowing heavily and we put snow chains on
               | the tires and drive slowly. I've only had to use snow
               | chains a couple times in my life because I generally only
               | go into the mountains when it's not currently snowing,
               | which is most of the time.
               | 
               | Climate change has made the climate drier here, the
               | mountains get a lot less snow than they used to. It also
               | helps that real winter with snow storms only lasts about
               | 3 months.
        
             | brewdad wrote:
             | Not sure when snow tires became more mainstream but I
             | started driving in Michigan in the late 80s and didn't know
             | a single family that used snow tires. Where I live now snow
             | tires only make sense for those who live in or visit the
             | mountains regularly. The valleys are mostly at or above
             | temps where snow tires wear quickly or become less
             | effective on wet surfaces.
        
           | grecy wrote:
           | In (most?all?) of BC winter tires are required by law, and
           | salting the roads is illegal due to the horrific damage the
           | run off does to the environment.
        
             | DCH3416 wrote:
             | You mean to tell me dumping literal truck loads of salt
             | into the water table is a bad thing? Why does everything
             | that works well have terrible consequences.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | It also tends to corrode any sort of metal in the
               | structures that it's on, which also contributes to poor
               | road quality from the article. And it corrodes the cars
               | traveling on it as well.
        
             | brewdad wrote:
             | Does BC allow chains instead of winter tires? Oregon does
             | for cars and light trucks. WA seems to be more of a free
             | for all but also tends to completely shut down their passes
             | more often than Oregon does.
        
           | tonyarkles wrote:
           | > goofs
           | 
           | Can confirm, definitely Canadian!
           | 
           | We just had a massive first snow dump in Regina here. 15-20cm
           | in 24h. It's treacherous out there, I was in 4HI all morning
           | trying to get around.
        
           | bongodongobob wrote:
           | I've lived in WI 40+ years and winter tires are a waste of
           | money. Unless you're in the mountains somewhere or going off-
           | road, they're just an extra thing to buy.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Very much so - WI and other northern states know how to
             | clear their roads. While you will need to slow down a
             | little more while it is snowing it doesn't really matter
             | because someone else will not have winter tires and so
             | force you to slow down to that speed even if you have them.
             | And even if you have them they are better than summer
             | tires, but they are not that much better, you still need to
             | slow down on ice.
             | 
             | Winter tires are very important in places where they get
             | bad weather but don't clear the roads. Those are not
             | generally places people live though.
        
             | AngryData wrote:
             | Ehh, I almost never use winter tires but I still disagree.
             | Some people are simply not good or attentive enough drivers
             | for me to believe they will be fine without winter tires.
        
           | yxhuvud wrote:
           | Wait, Canada don't have regulations about having winter tires
           | of some kind? Wow, that is odd.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | Canada is a federal state like the US, and it similarly
             | delegates much of the power to regulate driving to the
             | provinces.
        
             | rikthevik wrote:
             | British Columbia mandates winter tires on highways going
             | through the mountains, and chains for trucks. I wish other
             | provinces would put in similar mandates, because it's a bit
             | of a clown show on the roads right now in Saskatchewan.
        
           | jcadam wrote:
           | Winter tires are not cheap. I'm in Alaska and recently paid
           | $1400 for a new set of studded winter tires for my F-150. And
           | the tires I chose were one of the lower cost options
           | available.
           | 
           | So I totally understand why folks who can barely afford to
           | put gas in their car are driving around on all-seasons year
           | round (and ending up in the ditch frequently).
        
             | pbmonster wrote:
             | > $1400 for a new set of studded winter tires for my F-150
             | 
             | The F-150 and maybe the studs play the biggest role here. I
             | kept it below $400 for my small hatchback, even though I
             | went for Conti (but it was before COVID).
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | > ... because salt is mostly usable for light to moderate
         | snowfall and ...
         | 
         | Perhaps more important - salt's effectiveness fades as the
         | temperature decreases. Sand and gravel do not have that
         | problem. So if you're running the Road Dept. in an area where
         | serious cold ain't some rare event - why would you bother with
         | salt?
         | 
         | EDIT: I know the "melt to pavement, solar heating finishes the
         | job" tactic. Which can work with heavier snowfall, if you
         | plow/shovel before salting. Colder weather inhibits both halves
         | of the melt-&-heat. (Plus the further north you are, the
         | shorter & slantier the sun's rays get, even on clear days.)
        
           | DCH3416 wrote:
           | Because the goal is to get the road surface exposed so it'll
           | heat up and melt off the snow during the day. And then the
           | residual salt will leave a residue which will help prevent
           | refreezing.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | That only works in places with relatively milder winter
             | climates. In harsher climates, salt stops melting snow, and
             | the surface temperature of even exposed road may stay below
             | freezing even during the day.
        
               | DCH3416 wrote:
               | Yeah. I'm familiar with the harsher climates aspect.
               | 
               | The salt isn't really for the snow, it's for ice.
               | Temperatures above like 10F, the sun will still cut
               | through an untreated road surface and glaze over. Even
               | with snow, because the top layer will still freeze, that
               | nice _crunch_ you get. The hazard is you have a smooth
               | surface that your tires can 't grip onto well when the
               | sun goes down. I know it sounds counter intuitive but
               | snow will still melt on very cold days because without
               | wind you get a localized heating effect from the sun.
               | 
               | The nice thing is, ice gets increasingly grippy the
               | further down you go. It's the around freezing temps that
               | get you. And bridges since rather than the ground holding
               | temperatures, now you've got an air conditioning going on
               | under the road. That's why salt is so useful over say
               | grit because it changes the freezing point of the water.
        
         | DCH3416 wrote:
         | > Not sure about those states in particular, but I have
         | anecdotally noticed that some of the places with the harshest
         | winters do some of the least road salting
         | 
         | Salt isn't effective when it gets really cold so it tends to be
         | applied more around freezing as opposed to below. It also
         | depends on the road surface temperature as well, heat of the
         | sun melts off snow and that freezes at night. So you'll find
         | salt has to be applied intelligently to the conditions, on
         | bridges for example, which I suppose would come from
         | experience.
         | 
         | I also observe southern states seem to use more rubber instead
         | of rock in their road surface. So that might be a factor on how
         | robust they are to wear.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | 0F is defined as the temperature that salt on ice reaches.
           | Regular salt is used a lot in Minnesota because it works fine
           | most of the time and is cheap. It doesn't work on the coldest
           | days, so about 15F they start adding in salts other than
           | NaCl. Below -15F they no longer have a salt that works at all
           | - but those days are rare.
           | 
           | My Grandpa worked for the MN highway department until around
           | 1995 when he retied, so my information is a bit out of date,
           | but chemistry doesn't change that much so I doubt it is very
           | different today.
        
         | alwayslikethis wrote:
         | The more obvious reason is that colder places do not get as
         | many freeze-thaw cycles. It simply stays frozen for a few
         | months. In contrast, much of the northeast experiences many
         | more freeze-thaw cycles since even in the winter it is warm
         | enough to thaw the ice on some days.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Cold places see a lot of freeze-thaw cycles in fall and
           | spring - before and after the hard freeze. I don't know how
           | they compare, but it isn't clear cut.
        
         | wkjagt wrote:
         | I've often heard the cold climate given as the reason for the
         | terrible roads in Quebec, but you clearly notice the roads
         | getting better as you cross the border out of Quebec into
         | Ontario for example.
        
           | lifeisgood99 wrote:
           | The Quebec road industry has historically been corrupt.
           | 
           | https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-roadwork-
           | indu... and many many other reports.
        
       | rpcope1 wrote:
       | > Colorado near the absolute bottom for road quality
       | 
       | > Kansas and Wyoming have much better road quality
       | 
       | Absolutely zero surprise there. It's amazing the moment you cross
       | the Kansas-Colorado border on I-70, for example, how the
       | interstate goes from very good to immediately extremely bad.
        
         | panzagl wrote:
         | Ahhhh Colorado, blue state tastes with a red state budget.
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | Kansas and Wyoming are red states?
        
             | ducttapecrown wrote:
             | They are red states, but without the blue state tastes that
             | might pull the state budget in other directions. (I don't
             | know anything about the budgets of the states of Colorado
             | or Kansas or Wyoming).
        
             | dirtyhippiefree wrote:
             | The color map from the election confirms.
        
       | glitchc wrote:
       | A good comparison point would be Germany. It has a very large
       | network of roads too, some designed for very high speeds, and a
       | strong driving culture (perhaps stronger than the continental
       | US).
        
         | kunwon1 wrote:
         | I'm an American, I lived in Germany for several years around
         | the turn of the century. German roads that I encountered were
         | far superior to American roads. Their construction is far more
         | robust, the roads last much longer. And with German lane
         | discipline (passing someone on the right is practically a
         | cultural taboo, it's a prohibition that's taken quite
         | seriously) they are usually a joy to drive on.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | I found the autobahn utterly nerve-wracking to drive on.
           | 
           | In the US, on an interstate, the MPH spread around the speed
           | limit is probably -20 to +20 (i.e. limit is 75, slowest cars
           | are at 55, fastest at 95)
           | 
           | In Germany, on autobahns, you have speed ratios of up to 2x.
           | You have to constantly be 110% aware of every vehicle within
           | 1/4 mile of you, because you could either be closing in the
           | much slower vehicle in front of you, or suddenly approached
           | and passed by a much faster vehicle from behind.
        
             | cr1895 wrote:
             | >You have to constantly be 110% aware of every vehicle
             | within 1/4 mile of you,
             | 
             | Not such a terrible thing honestly...
             | 
             | Personally, I find the lack of predictability on US
             | interstates is much riskier. I'm pretty sure the accident
             | statistics back this up too.
        
             | jcadam wrote:
             | Absolutely. I was stationed in Germany for 3 years while I
             | was in the Army. You could be in the left lane of the
             | Autobahn, doing 90+ passing a truck, and suddenly a Ferrari
             | that wasn't there 5 seconds ago is right behind you,
             | flashing its headlights demanding you get out of the way
             | (apparently you're supposed to merge into the side of a
             | semi).
        
           | f1refly wrote:
           | It's also a legal taboo, fyi
        
           | cr1895 wrote:
           | >And with German lane discipline
           | 
           | The number of big trucks hanging out in the left lane in the
           | US drives me mad...
        
             | MisterTea wrote:
             | Depends on the state. Many like NY have "No trucks in left
             | lane" laws.
        
       | grecy wrote:
       | I just drove across ten US states and five Canadian provinces
       | from the West to East Coast, shipped my Jeep to Europe by way of
       | Iceland, then drove 100 miles through Denmark, Germany and
       | Switzerland.
       | 
       | Driving on the freeways in those mainland European countries was
       | immensely relaxing and easy - the road quality is vastly, vastly
       | better than the US or Canada. Expansion gaps, cracks and
       | imperfections are almost imperceptible.
       | 
       | Anecdotal, of course.
       | 
       | I have a strong memory of Driving I-40 from Cali into Arizona and
       | not being able to maintain 60mph because the potholes were so big
       | I though I was going to break the suspension on my Jeep.
        
         | vinay427 wrote:
         | I think anecdotal evidence may be a reasonable proxy for those
         | countries, although at least in stereotype and anecdotally they
         | are very far from representative of (even) western Europe. I've
         | noticed quite a bit of variance between major highways and
         | smaller highways or other roads across Italy, for example.
        
       | irrational wrote:
       | I'm surprised AZ is at 82%. I've driven all over the country and
       | the very worst highway I've ever experienced, by far, is the
       | drive from Las Vegas to Flagstaff.
        
         | vesrah wrote:
         | Yeah, the 93 between Kingman and Nevada is absolutely terrible.
         | Last time I was through there (9 months ago) they were doing a
         | small bit of paving but it wasn't in one of the rougher areas.
        
       | smilekzs wrote:
       | The SFBay I-880 and US-101 are always packed, often under
       | construction, but still pothole-filled, with sections of extreme
       | roughness. Compare this to our OR neighbors, where there are
       | signs saying "your tax dollars at work" by ORDOT everywhere. I
       | used to scoff at this as a display of insecurity, but apparently
       | (from TFA at least), Oregonians' tax dollars _are_ at work.
       | 
       | CA takes so many tax dollars from my hands. Why aren't they "at
       | work"?
        
         | mhuffman wrote:
         | They are "at work" ... for other people's versions of "at
         | work".
        
         | xvedejas wrote:
         | I'd like to see California consider reducing the total mileage
         | of roads and focus on having a smaller amount of higher quality
         | paved surfaces. My neighborhood street does not need to be 60ft
         | wide, and our freeways do not need more lanes.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | Oregon manages about 40% the road miles of California with
           | 10% the population and 70% of the tax revenue per capita.
        
           | brewdad wrote:
           | Start with the fire department. They are the ones demanding
           | 60 ft wide residential streets so that their trucks can turn
           | around without having to drive a few blocks out of the way.
        
         | mikysco wrote:
         | Oregon is 60% the size of California by land area but only 10%
         | of the population.
         | 
         | Roads like 101 & 880 can't be worked on during the day because
         | of massive congestion issues. But drive up & down 101 after 9
         | or 10pm (even on weekends), and you'll see crews hard at work.
         | Hats off to those crews working the night shift.
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | _> Compare this to our OR neighbors, where there are signs
         | saying  "your tax dollars at work" by ORDOT everywhere._
         | 
         | I see these signs all over Southern California (I remember
         | seeing them around the Bay Area especially post 08 GFC):
         | https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e074b5_617daf538f0c4e0e89...
         | 
         | They've been around since at least the late 90s/early 2000s.
         | There's a whole official site for it too:
         | https://rebuildingca.ca.gov/
        
         | dwelch91 wrote:
         | Doesn't "often under construction" mean that they are "at
         | work"?
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | I often breathe a sigh of relief when I pass over the boarder
         | into Nevada and my car starts shaking.
         | 
         | Roughly 70% the tax revenue per capita ($3.8k vs 2.6), but
         | somehow they manage to maintain their roads.
        
         | ink_13 wrote:
         | On the contrary, I believe they are. There are thousands of
         | miles of back roads in California built and maintained by
         | Caltrans that are in absolutely incredible condition. Drive up
         | and down any random mountain/hill/pass off a main freeway and
         | enjoy a road the envy of almost anywhere else: well-built,
         | smooth, with painted lines and signage.
         | 
         | 880 and 101 suffer because their high traffic volumes cause
         | much higher wear and tear while also making it difficult to
         | make repairs.
        
         | boogieknite wrote:
         | Anecdote: Worked road construction summer 2010 as the guy who
         | put those little sticky tabs on the road to mark where lines
         | are repainted after construction is complete.
         | 
         | Sometimes I'd finish early and get odd jobs. Between Roseburg
         | and the Oregon coast a colleague and I were assigned to stand
         | one of those "your tax dollars at work" signs on a steep slope.
         | Took 2 hours at prevailing wage OT and for total labor cost of
         | $480 between the two of us. By far the steepest labor rate I'd
         | ever been able to charge. Thanks for the money, irony!
        
         | Lammy wrote:
         | > The SFBay I-880 and US-101 are always packed
         | 
         | A lot of this is due to the freeway system being unfinished.
         | 
         | 101 would have been supplemented by the Bayfront Freeway (CA
         | 87): https://cahighways.org/ROUTE087.html#_ROUTING_SEG2
         | 
         | And 880 by routes 61, 238, 185, 13, and 77:
         | 
         | - https://cahighways.org/ROUTE061.html#_HIST1964
         | 
         | - https://cahighways.org/ROUTE238.html
         | 
         | - https://cahighways.org/ROUTE185.html
         | 
         | - https://cahighways.org/ROUTE013.html
         | 
         | - https://cahighways.org/ROUTE077.html
        
           | wbl wrote:
           | Would have just meant more commuters
        
             | Lammy wrote:
             | Only because those people can't find somewhere to live
             | that's near work. So sick of this _incredibly_ stupid line
             | of thinking from otherwise very smart people who refuse to
             | realize that increased demand on transportation
             | infrastructure is the flip-side of the housing shortage.
        
               | wbl wrote:
               | I don't disagree but induced demand absolutely exists as
               | people would move accordingly.
        
               | Lammy wrote:
               | Agreed, but I would say that inducing demand is the point
               | of building anything. Nobody uses that term when it comes
               | to building homes people want to live in. They only ever
               | use it to oppose people being able to exercise their
               | freedom of movement.
        
         | codexb wrote:
         | It's heavily county based. Drive on the 5 through LA county and
         | the second it crosses into Orange County, it magically gets
         | incredibly better.
        
       | bloomingeek wrote:
       | The arm-pit state of Oklahoma, where I live, is considering a
       | "mile tax" to support the maintenance of our road system. Of
       | course we know it's also to offset EV vehicles gas tax loss.
       | (which EV owners already have) Our roads are terrible and don't
       | usually get repaired until they're almost dangerous.
       | 
       | This tax will hurt fixed income and poorer people the most. As
       | Thomas Jefferson said: "The government you elect is the
       | government you deserve." My state is so red, it's scarlet.
        
         | qup wrote:
         | I can't figure out if you want the roads fixed or you don't
         | want the tax.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | People being too poor is a separate issue from bad tax systems
         | incentivizing unsustainable behavior.
         | 
         | Tax liabilities that are a function of consumption are the
         | right way to tax.
         | 
         | If the tax burden is deemed too high for poor people, then give
         | them cash.
         | 
         | Two different problems, two different solutions, and it keeps
         | the incentives aligned properly.
        
           | seizethecheese wrote:
           | "This is your brain on politics." (A reply to the grandparent
           | comment.)
        
         | olyjohn wrote:
         | Every state has been getting lobbied to do this for at least
         | the last 10 years. These bills come through the legislatures
         | every year, and I think it will keep coming until finally one
         | of them passes. There are manufacturers of the GPS trackers
         | pushing for it, and companies who want to have the state-
         | granted monopoly to manage the tracking and billing. They are
         | frothing at the mouth to get this passed and make a ton of
         | money billing every single person.
        
           | 0xffff2 wrote:
           | Why wouldn't you just use a yearly odometer inspection by the
           | DMV? Even if the legislature wanted to enact such a tax, why
           | involve GPS and third party companies?
        
         | surfaceofthesun wrote:
         | I think a miles traveled tax that accounts for vehicle weight
         | would probably less regressive than the current gas tax.
         | 
         | EVs save substantially in running costs. I'd imagine it would
         | charge those using 3/4 and 1-ton pickups as family cars the
         | most.
        
         | brewdad wrote:
         | Oregon has tried to implement a miles tax multiple times but
         | failed to pass it. Instead they've opted for a surcharge on
         | vehicle registrations for EVs and also on any vehicle that gets
         | better than 20 mpg.
         | 
         | Counterproductive from a climate change standpoint for a
         | "green" state but it preserved the road money.
        
         | cake_robot wrote:
         | Internalizing the costs you create are good though. In a
         | perfect world I would think weight x miles would be what you'd
         | want to tax on. I say this as someone who owns an EV; I should
         | have to account for the higher road deterioration my heavier
         | vehicle causes. If someone's income is too low you fix that
         | other ways than trying to subsidize their externalizing
         | behaviors.
        
       | cryptozeus wrote:
       | Great analysis! In last decade I have seen road quality of
       | California degrade like crazy. It used to have clean, open roads
       | now the quality has gone down to trash. Hwy 101 feels like you
       | are in New Jersey.
        
       | rconti wrote:
       | > Interestingly, in all cases urban roads are worse quality than
       | rural roads, presumably because they see higher traffic than
       | rural roads.
       | 
       | There's more infrastructure under urban roads. Crews come in to
       | fix some utility, shred a section of a lane, patch it poorly with
       | dissimilar materials, and leave.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Rural roads are often unpaved. The local authority has to come
         | by regularly with a grade to redo things or they become
         | unusable quickly. Overall this is by far the cheapest way to
         | have a road, but it doesn't scale to high use and city folks
         | demand something that makes less dust. Rural roads also
         | includes minimum maintance roads which demand 4wd (real 4wd,
         | many SUVs will have trouble) when the weather is nice and a
         | winch is a must when things get rainy or snowy.
         | 
         | Though given his definition of quality I expect he is actually
         | ignoring all the real rural roads and only talking about major
         | roads which while they get less traffic than urban roads are
         | maintained to similar standards.
        
           | engineer_22 wrote:
           | In my area the rural roads are typically asphalt. This part
           | of the country receives a lot of precipitation and cold
           | weather and our soils are pretty soft.
           | 
           | They stay in good shape for years, with little maintenance.
           | There aren't many patches because there aren't many
           | utilities. Truck traffic tends to gravitate to the highways,
           | and car and ag traffic are low impact.
        
           | rwiggins wrote:
           | Maybe area-dependent? I grew up in an extraordinarily rural
           | area in Tennessee. Most roads were paved (asphalt). Even ones
           | out in the middle of nowhere.
           | 
           | The _conditions_ of some of the remote roads might not have
           | been great, mind you... and some seemed  "thinner" almost,
           | maybe paved a long time ago?
        
             | nemomarx wrote:
             | I think it's a snow thing - asphalt seems to wear down
             | really fast in rural PA, probably from freezing at nights
             | and snow and ice, so you can't do paving as cheaply out in
             | the mountains or so on. The county dumps gravel down once a
             | year and let's passing traffic wear it smoother over time,
             | but it sucks to drive on fresh.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | Absolutely. The freeze thaw cycle is brutal on asphalt in
               | many ways. Surface cracks expand, frost heaves distort
               | and the material itself weakens. This is before any
               | additional damage caused by plowing or ice scraping.
        
               | wombatpm wrote:
               | Freeze thaw and Temp range. MN may experience air temps
               | from -20 to 100 over the course of a year. And you might
               | experience 50 degree swings in a week (-20 to +30).
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | A lot of that is the road profile. Western NY has notably
               | better county highways than PA because they tend to have
               | wide shoulders that mitigate plow damage and frost
               | heaving on the he edges.
        
             | wnc3141 wrote:
             | Of course there are political factors. I have always heard
             | that in Wisconsin many rural roads were paved to better
             | serve dairy farmers beginning in the 1890s - and continued
             | through the WPA program. While in Minnesota, similar rural
             | roads remained unpaved.
             | 
             | Best link I could find to substantiate such a claim
             | 
             | https://www.uwlax.edu/currents/biking-in-the-driftless-
             | regio....
             | 
             | Of course in contemporary times the high maintenance cost
             | has many Wisconsin towns/counties considering returning to
             | gravel.
             | 
             | https://www.wpr.org/economy/taxes/small-wisconsin-towns-
             | pave...
        
             | ensignavenger wrote:
             | Chip and Seal is a technique used in a lot of rural areas
             | that comes in with less maintenance than gravel but not as
             | expensive as asphalt. It is basically a a top thin layer of
             | tar with gravel pressed into it.
        
               | pkaye wrote:
               | My city in SF bay area resurfaced some residential
               | streets that way. So far it held on well for 10 years
               | probably because we don't get much truck traffic.
               | Meanwhile the near freeway is a major route for big
               | trucks so after the winter rain its all full of potholes.
        
           | jmspring wrote:
           | Living in a rural northern CA county, the roads are paved,
           | however many are failing. The funny this is, one county over
           | has much better maintained roads (by the state) because they
           | are in a different district.
        
           | nozzlegear wrote:
           | > Rural roads are often unpaved.
           | 
           | Like the other replies have indicated, I'm not so sure this
           | is the case? I live in very rural northwest Iowa, and while
           | there are certainly plenty of gravel roads around here, I'm
           | only driving on them if I'm intentionally trying to go "off
           | the beaten path." You'll take a gravel road if you live on a
           | farm, or you're trying to get to somewhere secluded such as a
           | lake, campground or _maybe_ a county park; but (imo) it 's
           | rare for the average person to drive down a gravel road just
           | going from Point A to Point B on their daily commute.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | Montana here. Most of the dirt roads (county roads) have
             | been paved in the 25 years I've been here however there are
             | some left where you can drive 20 miles unpaved. Also
             | recently in Iceland I found a few unpaved roads (or rather
             | "the Google Lady" did. Sorry whichever rental company I
             | used there..
        
             | dullcrisp wrote:
             | Do most people in rural areas not live on a farm? Excuse my
             | ignorance but genuine question.
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | The people of the United States are broadly free to build
               | a home wherever they can afford to, comrade, including on
               | land that would otherwise be used for farming.
               | 
               | (Actual answer: I know a bunch of people who live in
               | houses in the middle of seemingly-nowhere in rural Ohio,
               | and almost none of them farm anything at all. They just
               | seem to like the space and the quiet and the desolate
               | isolation.
               | 
               | The only _farmer_ who I know is my parents ' neighbor,
               | who has a house few miles away from their place.)
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Depends where you live. In my state you pretty much
               | cannot build any kind of residence on land that is zoned
               | for agriculture.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Generally you are allowed on resident per 40 acres or
               | something similar - farms are getting larger and that
               | leaves plenty of land that doesn't have a house that
               | could.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | That is a tricky question to answer. Farms need small
               | towns scattered all over - that is where many of the
               | teachers, accountants, mechanics, hired hands, other
               | services, and owners of the stores that serve all of the
               | above live. Often small towns have factories that are not
               | farm related and those employees live someplace. Do you
               | count those small towns as rural? Many of the above have
               | also realized that they can buy some build a house on
               | marginal farmland cheap and so live rural but they are
               | working a small town job - they may have a few goats or
               | something but it isn't how they earn their money - hard
               | they farmers? There are also people who retire to the
               | country, hunting cabins (not residents), camp grounds
               | (the owner lives there), and other non-farmers living in
               | rural areas. Parents generally transfer the farm to the
               | kid who will inherit it over decades, and part of that is
               | the parents move to a small house off the farm but still
               | rural - are they living on a farm?
               | 
               | Depending on how you count the above you can say that
               | most people in rural areas are not living on farms. Even
               | if you don't count small towns residents, there are a lot
               | of people who are not farmers living out there.
        
               | AngryData wrote:
               | Certainly not. You will be lucky to find an area where 5%
               | of the people living their are farmers or work on farms.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | I'm not sure we disagree. You use the gravel rural roads to
             | get to the nearest paved road. So rarely are you going more
             | than a few miles on gravel, then you hit a paved road which
             | you travel for the many miles to where you are going. Most
             | of the roads are still unpaved, but you spend most of your
             | driving time on the paved roads.
        
               | rwiggins wrote:
               | Errr, not in the rural area I grew up in. Gravel
               | driveways are _super_ common, gravel roads not so much.
               | 
               | To give some specifics: I only remember driving down an
               | actual gravel road (like, for public use) a single time.
               | In 18 years. Even my friends who lived >30min from the
               | nearest "city" (~10k population) had paved roads all the
               | way.
               | 
               | But that is just my own experience. Areas with a
               | different climate or geography might be a totally
               | different story. My hometown area is relatively flat,
               | lots of farmland, and rarely gets severe winter weather.
        
           | margalabargala wrote:
           | At the very beginning he separates into:
           | 
           | - freeways
           | 
           | - local roads
           | 
           | - unpaved roads
           | 
           | Obviously the high-clearance-only roads in the mountain West
           | will score poorly here, but when trying to compare US roads
           | to Netherlands roads, those are not useful as the Netherlands
           | has no equivalent.
        
         | vel0city wrote:
         | You're probably also going to have far fewer massive vehicles
         | on those rural roads. More things like pickups yes, but
         | probably considerably fewer semi-teicks and busses and fire
         | trucks and cement mixers what not. Those big trucks passing
         | through are going to stick to interstates far more often when
         | going through rural areas.
        
           | hparadiz wrote:
           | On average yea but when a rural road is neglected it's far
           | far worse than any urban road. I'm looking at you
           | Pennsylvania.
        
             | burnte wrote:
             | Born and raised in Pgh, the highways are awful. Always have
             | been.
        
           | Loughla wrote:
           | We have large farm machinery though.
        
             | tcmart14 wrote:
             | There is large machinery. But does it go down the same
             | stretch of road 20 times a day all days of the year though?
             | May also depend on location. You ain't taking the combine
             | down the road several times a day in the middle of winter.
             | So you do get the wear and tear of large farm equipment,
             | but its still probably less than an urban road and not year
             | round.
        
               | olyjohn wrote:
               | Also their slow speeds and larger tires probably lead to
               | less wear than another vehicle of the same weight
               | traveling at normal highway speeds.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Farmers are using normal semis to move the crops from the
               | field to elsewhere on the road. Farm equipment on the
               | road is generally unloaded.
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | Do those go down the road every 10-20 minutes like the poor
             | bus service on the urban street outside my home does? And
             | that is just the busses. Add 2-3 semi-trucks every five
             | minutes.
             | 
             | Oh, and there's still farm equipment every now and then. I
             | am in Texas after all.
        
             | jgeada wrote:
             | Large machinery, but typically very low ground pressure.
             | After all, that same machinery is designed to operate on
             | arable soil without sinking or bogging down. It is my
             | understanding that it is ground pressure more than absolute
             | weight that correlates to road surface damage/erosion.
        
               | amatecha wrote:
               | yeah, the farm vehicles usually have gigantic tires too,
               | compared to any regular passenger vehicle
        
             | greenavocado wrote:
             | Axle loading limits
        
             | macksd wrote:
             | I think other explanations replying are on point. I live in
             | a town that's surrounded by a lot of farm traffic, and most
             | of those roads are in good shape. But there are also routes
             | used heavily by trucks servicing fracking sites, and those
             | roads are TRASHED.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | My grandma used to live close to a road servicing an oil
               | derrick, back in 90's Romania (so 0 infrastructure
               | investments for probably 10 years).
               | 
               | At one point my family was in a Dacia 1310 (crappy and
               | very cheap Romanian car) and we literally went very
               | slowly (probably 10kmph) through a section where the road
               | was basically sunk, there was a "pothole" probably 10-15m
               | long and 80% of the road wide (both lanes), about 1m
               | deep, I think.
               | 
               | The funny thing is that there were potholes inside the
               | uber-pothole :-)))
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | City buses are what really shred urban roads (and winter
           | plows)
           | 
           | https://www.kgw.com/article/news/verify/yes-bus-more-road-
           | da...
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | Yeah looking at any road around me it's obvious which lanes
             | the busses prefer.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | In the mid-90s, Seattle started excavating its bus-stops-
             | on-a-slope and pouring a new concrete foundation, because
             | the busses were warping the asphalt so badly.
             | 
             | I was just back there this last weekend, and you can no
             | longer see any of the concrete - it has all been coated
             | with asphalt. However, I assume its a rather thin layer
             | because none of the bus stops I checked show the signs of
             | damage that were becoming common in 90-96.
        
               | wombatpm wrote:
               | They opened a new truck stop near me with asphalt roads.
               | 6 months later they tore it up for concrete because the
               | asphalt shifted into lumps where the trucks were turning
               | cono
        
               | teh_klev wrote:
               | I did google "bus-stops-on-a-slope", but nothing jumped
               | out. What are "bus-stops-on-a-slope"?
        
               | ender341341 wrote:
               | I think they meant that the bus stop is on a hill maybe?
        
               | stonemetal12 wrote:
               | Asphalt, like glass, is an amorphous solid. When a heavy
               | truck sits still on asphalt, asphalt will flow out from
               | under the tires. Not only do you get a depression and
               | eventually a pot hole where the tire was, and you get a
               | little hill next to it.
               | 
               | You just about need an offroad vehicle to avoid hitting
               | the street.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Moreover, when a heavy vehicle like a loaded passenger
               | bus has to accelerate from stationary on a hill, it
               | exerts incredible force on the asphalt below it.
        
             | mlsu wrote:
             | This is a reason why buses are not as cheap as they seem at
             | first glance.
             | 
             | Often times, buses are favored because they require low
             | capex (adding lines is easy, politically palatable, etc).
             | 
             | But in practice, on really busy bus lines with high
             | throughput, it shreds the roads, to the point where you
             | really need to re-pave the whole road every 10 years -- in
             | which case, why not just put a rail line in and use a
             | train!
        
               | animal_spirits wrote:
               | That is similar to the reason trackless trams are not
               | economically viable. They are essentially just busses
               | that are guided, but because of their precision the cause
               | really bad erosion on the parts of the road where they
               | drive. At least with busses there is variability on the
               | parts of the road that are eroded and it affects the
               | whole road more evenly
        
               | entropicdrifter wrote:
               | There are certain places/conditions where trackless does
               | make more sense, however. Philadelphia still has several
               | trolleybus lines active for instance, in addition to
               | buses, trolleys, subway, el-train, and traditional rail.
               | 
               | My guess is that it works here because our roads turn to
               | shit anyhow from the freeze/thaw cycle, so it's not
               | adding as much maintenance burden as it would elsewhere.
        
           | AngryData wrote:
           | In my rural area there are tons of gravel pits so the roads
           | take a lot of abuse. However every gravel pit ive seen here
           | open up on a new road has been forced to spend the money on
           | upgrading that road to handle those gravel trucks.
        
         | MisterTea wrote:
         | My favorite are the leaky man hole and other infrastructure
         | covers which allow rain to wash the road bed into the pit. Then
         | a void forms and a pothole forms. Then the muni fills the hole
         | only for it to reappear as more road bed is washed away. Then
         | repeat ad nauseam. I sometimes imagine a snake of asphalt all
         | the way to the sewer plant.
        
         | burnte wrote:
         | This happens CONSTANTLY in Atlanta. They'll spend a bunch of
         | money fixing a road, then a month later Public Works digs a
         | huge hole and leaves a steel plate on it for a year, then patch
         | it with either concrete that is an inch or two below the rest
         | of the surface, or they don't pack the earth they put back and
         | in 3 months the patch has sunk into a new pothole in a brand
         | new road. The city has been trying to force public works to go
         | do those things BEFORE road projects, but it's an uphill
         | battle.
        
           | ASalazarMX wrote:
           | This happens in other countries too. Some people theorize
           | that it's done because of internal rivalries between
           | dependencies/political factions, but I suspect local
           | governments are just inept at logistics.
        
             | jakjak123 wrote:
             | Its also a difficult problem. They need the right digger
             | and the right crew at the right time and possibly the right
             | weather to get the job done. Many times there will be weeks
             | of juggling around schedules and suddenly the digging
             | started three weeks after the road was finished
        
               | lo_zamoyski wrote:
               | Let me ask you: how many buildings collapsed during the
               | reign of Hammurabi?
        
               | Carrok wrote:
               | I.. I have no idea. I don't even know who Hammurabi is.
               | 
               | Is there a point you're trying to make? If so, care to
               | enlighten us without assuming we all have history
               | degrees?
        
               | PittleyDunkin wrote:
               | He's a rather famous chap:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammurabi
               | 
               | Regardless, I suspect there's a point being made about
               | the timeless ineptitude of bureaucracy (even if I don't
               | agree with it--some cultures are notably more competent
               | at managing logistics of public works than other are).
        
               | 6equj5 wrote:
               | > 229 If a builder builds a house for someone, and does
               | not construct it properly, and the house which he built
               | falls and kills its owner, then that builder shall be put
               | to death.
               | 
               | http://faculty.collin.edu/mbailey/hammurabi%27s%20laws.ht
               | m
        
               | yulker wrote:
               | Not obscure enough of a figure to necessitate a history
               | degree. Well known for being one of the first to
               | establish building codes.
        
               | insane_dreamer wrote:
               | Hammurabi is an ancient ruler of Mesopotamia/Babylon who
               | is famous for establishing a written code of laws, of
               | which copies inscribed in steles have survived to this
               | day). I don't know of it's the earliest example of a
               | written legal code but certainly one of the earliest that
               | we have a record of.
               | 
               | Among these laws were civil penalties for builders who
               | performed shoddy workmanship:
               | 
               | > If a builder constructs a house for a man but does not
               | make it conform to specifications so that a wall then
               | buckles, that builder shall make that wall sound using
               | his own silver.
               | 
               | By the way, the Romans also had building codes, and
               | engineers who built bridges and roads were liable for the
               | durability of those structures, thus a tradition of over-
               | engineering.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | one of my classmates really resented having to take GE
               | classes outside his major in order to graduate but
               | looking back on it, he said they really helped him out in
               | ways he didn't expect.
        
               | btreecat wrote:
               | 1? 1000?
               | 
               | Regardless the answer, the lack of context makes the
               | figure meaningless.
        
             | brnt wrote:
             | Here, the gov gives time windows for utility owners to dig
             | and do maintenance, after which it'll be repaved. If you
             | want to do maintenance on your infra, you request a
             | timeslot and the gov groups the maintenance (eg sewer and
             | gas). You best not miss your window.
        
               | MikeTheGreat wrote:
               | Sure, but what happens if you have maintenance issues
               | that arise after the window closes?
               | 
               | Are we really going to tell people that they can't live
               | without sewer / clean water / electricity / whatever
               | because the window closed 2 months ago and their problem
               | didn't start until today?
        
               | scherlock wrote:
               | It's a carrot, not a stick. It's designed to spread the
               | digging.and repaving costs around so the work is cheaper.
               | It's more that the city knows it's doing work in an area,
               | digging up the road, so they tell all the utilities, hey
               | if you are thinking of doing work on Main Ave, we'll be
               | starting work on September 3rd, if tell us now and can
               | get a crew out before September 21st, you won't need to
               | pay to excavate and repave.
        
             | tourmalinetaco wrote:
             | We were getting our roads redone in my town and the county
             | commissioner ordered an asphalt miller to run on _one
             | singular road_ , when we needed it (and said for it to run)
             | on all of them. It cost us the same to run it on one road
             | or all of them, because most of the costs were transport of
             | machinery. So I definitely lean towards ineptitude.
        
           | nonameiguess wrote:
           | Probably everywhere frankly, but Dallas is terrible, too. My
           | wife and I took up skateboarding recently and it became much
           | more obvious. Go out to the suburbs or a running trail or
           | nice park and it's smooth sailing. You can push and coast.
           | Where we live near downtown, it's cracks, rocks,
           | discontinuities, metal plates. The gas company also dug up a
           | bunch of bedrock 7 years ago, left a huge pile of it on the
           | corner, rain came a few days later, and for the last 7 years,
           | our sidewalks have been covered in dirt and the houses and
           | cars all get a thin yellow film on them because there is so
           | much dirt in the air all the time.
           | 
           | That's before considering what regular construction crews do.
           | Most of the sidewalks are closed most of the time. They're
           | routinely torn out and never fixed. There are nails and other
           | debris in the roads all the time. When we first moved to our
           | current address, my wife had all four of her tires go flat
           | within the first year. I didn't own a car until two years
           | ago, but both front tires have gotten nails in them already.
           | That's also on top of the city's contracted out private dump
           | truck crushing my rear windshield and smashing the hatch and
           | leaving a business card with a claim number on one of my
           | front wiper blades. That was nice to walk out to.
           | 
           | Then there was the crew across the street stealing all of my
           | power tools when I accidentally left my garage open one day.
           | 
           | I'm not a NIMBY, but experiencing this makes me weary of the
           | Hacker News zeitgeist railing against communities that don't
           | want their neighborhoods turned into constant construction.
           | There are entirely non-evil reasons homeowners might want
           | that because building where people already live is incredibly
           | disruptive.
        
             | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
             | How did a pile of Rick seven years ago lead to continuous
             | dust even today?
        
         | amanaplanacanal wrote:
         | Part of it is funding. Highways are for the most part federally
         | funded, and the feds can print money at will. Urban roads have
         | to be repaired from the city budget, and user fees (fuel taxes)
         | are nowhere near enough to keep them maintained properly.
        
           | leetcrew wrote:
           | I thought the feds pay a large portion of construction but
           | the states pay most of the maintenance. some states clearly
           | do a worse job of highway maintenance than others. it's like
           | night and day crossing the MD/PA border on I-95.
        
         | whatever1 wrote:
         | 2 huge pipelines with big enough diameter to fit smaller ones.
         | One for utilities in (gas, electricity, cables, warm water).
         | One for waste (sewage, trash etc)
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | That's part of the reason. The other is that rural roads are
         | mostly county or state funded (often through large Federal
         | appropriations), and draw in a larger tax base and in-house
         | professional engineering.
         | 
         | That's why you can drive around rust belt areas of Upstate NY
         | on nice roads - NYC Finance bonuses pay for that.
         | 
         | City roads are usually maintained by the city, which has much
         | more limited access to capital. Because of that, in-house work
         | is usually limited to mill and pave work and there's not enough
         | throughput for an appropriate staff of engineers. Big projects
         | are usually task focus (safety, multi-modal) and are funded by
         | Federal grants and use outside design and build contractors.
         | 
         | For the shared utility work, there is some coordination. My
         | wife worked for a municipal water utility and ran the metering
         | and infrastructure division. They received notice of paving or
         | other jobs and prioritized proactive maintenance to happen
         | while the road was under construction. The city would fine
         | entities for digging up the street for non-emergency purposes
         | for 6-12 months after the project completed. It helps, but
         | broken mains or transformers necessitate the street cut.
        
         | salynchnew wrote:
         | It's kind of maddening how often blogs like this will make
         | motions towards developing an educated opinion (citing multiple
         | reports, researching stats from public datassets, etc.) but
         | don't seem to have bothered to actually talk to any of the
         | people who are invovled in the practice they describe in their
         | post (in this case, building roads).
        
       | rsynnott wrote:
       | > but this is based on a survey of the perceptions of business
       | leaders about road quality, not actual road data
       | 
       | Like... business leaders specifically in the freight and
       | transport industry, or just _in general_? The first seems like it
       | might be _marginally_ useful; the second is just nonsensical.
        
       | Jimmc414 wrote:
       | Greatly depends on the state. Louisiana interstates still haven't
       | recovered from the fallout from the National Minimum Drinking Age
       | Act, passed in 1984, which raised the legal drinking age to 21 as
       | a condition of receiving annual federal highway funds. Louisiana
       | was the last state in the U.S. to have a legal drinking age of
       | 18. Louisiana experienced about 9 years of reduced highway funds
       | as a result.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | Also the only state I've seen with _drive through daquiri
         | service_ !
        
           | Jimmc414 wrote:
           | It gets worse! They tape the lids to the cup and as long as
           | you don't put the straw in the cup it's not an open
           | container.
           | 
           | Also, the state legislature ruled that roosters were not
           | animals to circumvent cock fighting laws.
           | 
           | There's a web of similar Napoleonic Code caused loopholes in
           | Louisiana law
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | Coconuts are exempt from injury liability
        
               | Jimmc414 wrote:
               | wasn't familiar but wow.
               | 
               | "Twenty-three years ago, Louisiana added coconuts to the
               | list of official Mardi Gras throws protected from
               | personal injury lawsuits, ordering that the public
               | assumes the risk of being struck "by any missile"
               | traditionally thrown, tossed, or hurled by krewe
               | members."
        
       | asdasdsddd wrote:
       | Love that I live in California pay out my ass in property AND
       | state tax and get the worst roads in America despite the fact
       | that we barely deal with ice, snow, or rain.
        
         | maxwellg wrote:
         | You personally may pay lots of property taxes but California's
         | Prop 13 means that people who have been here for a long time
         | and kept property within the family are paying significantly
         | less. Our average tax rate is 35th in the nation -
         | https://taxfoundation.org/data/all/state/high-state-
         | property.... I grew up in New Jersey originally so I have an
         | admittedly warped view of property taxes, though.
        
           | UniverseHacker wrote:
           | I'm not sure what the solution is but there is a gross
           | misallocation of housing in California... the suburban family
           | homes with 4 bedrooms and massive yards designed for kids to
           | play outside are almost exclusively occupied by retired
           | childless people that only use the rooms when the grandkids
           | visit, and tiny apartments are packed with families that are
           | paying 4x+ for housing what the retired people in large homes
           | are paying.
           | 
           | Prop. 19 was supposed to fix this but clearly did not- I rent
           | in a suburb and have a young kid, but there are almost no
           | other people under 65 or so within a large radius of my home.
        
           | asdasdsddd wrote:
           | Yes prop 13 is truly disgusting
        
         | UniverseHacker wrote:
         | Keeping roads perfect requires taking them out of commission
         | for repair... which is a disaster on California freeways that
         | have constant traffic. I think CA does a fair job of balancing
         | that with road condition, and I assume they are already using
         | more durable and expensive road construction methods than other
         | areas that lacks so much constant heavy traffic.
        
           | brewdad wrote:
           | I wonder if California would be better off with more
           | Carmageddon type projects like when they shut down the 405
           | for like a week and hammered out necessary work.
        
             | UniverseHacker wrote:
             | If you shut down one freeway in the LA or SF area, every
             | other one grinds to a halt also- including essentially all
             | non-dead-end local roads... you might as well shut them all
             | down at once, but there aren't enough road crews to repave
             | them all in a week.
             | 
             | Above a certain population density there isn't really any
             | way to use cars that isn't awful. When I was in Socal I
             | would often meet people 10-20 miles away, e.g. for an after
             | work bar trip and ride my bicycle - and beat all of the car
             | drivers by a long wait.
        
       | vzaliva wrote:
       | Does this statistics include private roads? Or it is only roads
       | accessible to public?
        
       | blibble wrote:
       | as a brit I've driven through most of the US states and major
       | cities, and they were generally comparable to what I was used to
       | at home and throughout continental europe
       | 
       | Los Angeles though was something else, giant gouges on 12 lane
       | highways every few feet for miles on end
       | 
       | and on sliproads, sudden surprise vertical walls with right
       | angled bends
       | 
       | was like something out of the third world
        
         | vishrajiv wrote:
         | Do you remember which highway you were driving? Interestingly
         | this goes against my experience. I've actually remarked to many
         | friends that I enjoy night-time driving in Los Angeles since
         | the highways are well-lit and smooth (and of course, no traffic
         | at night).
        
           | blibble wrote:
           | I-5
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | > Los Angeles though was something else, giant gouges on 12
         | lane highways every few feet for miles on end
         | 
         | Probably concrete fastening projects.
         | 
         | > sliproads
         | 
         | on/off ramps for AmE speakers.
        
         | kristjansson wrote:
         | Los Angeles is the v0.0.1 of freeways. Lessons were learned.
        
         | koyote wrote:
         | As someone who has driven in many different developed countries
         | in the world (and been a passenger in many developing
         | countries), California highways often feel like those in
         | developing countries but it's combined with a much higher
         | travelling speed.
         | 
         | I think the only other country where I regularly got jolted up
         | (nearly hitting my head on the ceiling of the car) was India.
        
       | chainwax wrote:
       | I'm from South Carolina, pretty close to the border with North
       | Carolina. All my life i've heard that South Carolina's roads are
       | terrible, especially compared to North Carolina's _amazing_
       | roads.
       | 
       | Looking at this data though, it seems while NC edges out SC by a
       | small margin on interstate roads, SC actually beats NC on local
       | roads.
       | 
       | Take that, North Carolina!
        
       | xenospn wrote:
       | I'm currently in Albania, a country famous for shit roads.
       | Surprisingly (or unsurprisingly, really), their roads are better
       | than LA roads.
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | There is more than one kind of quality.
       | 
       | When I drove from New Mexico from New Hampshire I thought roads
       | in the US South were remarkably good. I settled in New York where
       | major roads seemed pretty good but go to Pennsylvania and it
       | seems there are two kinds of roads: bad roads and roads under
       | construction, you never seem to find a good road that was just
       | constructed. A lot of people thought it was frost heaves but this
       | article say it isn't.
       | 
       | My quality problem in NY is that atlas maps and GPS maps show
       | numerous roads that aren't really passable or if they are
       | passable are too risky. I never saw 'minimum maintenance' or
       | 'abandoned' roads before I came to NY and I wish they were so
       | marked in GPS maps. There is a road near me which is sometimes
       | passable in the winter if you have the right kind of vehicle and
       | if you know the road goes downhill and won't require that much
       | traction... People who don't have the right kind of vehicle will
       | get led by GPS down this road and think it is OK because there
       | are tracks but halfway through they panic and try to turn around
       | now they are in trouble. That road is passable in the summer
       | except for when it gets washed out.
       | 
       | Also NH is in a class by itself with its motor-oriented
       | infrastructure (in 1980 they rerouted route 93 to go around
       | Manchester and nobody goes there anymore) which is tree-
       | structured as much as possible so you have many levels of
       | hierarchy which can and will jam up. Want to walk? You can't get
       | there from here. I can go for years in NY without updating my GPS
       | maps but if I drive to NH I will see the road I am got rerouted
       | and there is a shopping center where there used to be a road. And
       | this is in a state that doesn't have income taxes so I don't know
       | how they pay for it.
        
         | quercusa wrote:
         | I'm convinced that the states neighboring Pennsylvania take
         | extra care of the last mile of roads on their side leading into
         | PA so the transition is especially obvious.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | It sure looks that way on the Maryland side.
        
       | alkonaut wrote:
       | The more important quality metric than "roughness" is
       | infrastructure/safety.
       | 
       | A multi lane road shouldn't cross another one in a flat traffic
       | light intersection. That risks T-collisions if someone runs a red
       | light.
       | 
       | It's pretty cheap to keep roads smooth if you skimp on making
       | separated lanes, safe multilevel junctions and roundabouts in
       | every intersection.
        
       | lemax wrote:
       | I once drove across the US-Canadian border during a snowstorm. On
       | the Canadian side, the road was a slew of white slush that had us
       | hydroplaning on and off. But as soon as we crossed back into the
       | States, it was like a switch flipped. The road went from a slushy
       | bog to a pristine surface with zero snow accumulation, just a
       | slight gleam of moisture.
        
         | rikthevik wrote:
         | I'm not sure if you ended up in Saskatchewan, but it kind of
         | sounds like you did. The highways in Alberta are quite a bit
         | better and it's a relatively abrupt change.
        
         | TMWNN wrote:
         | I've heard that the quality of the Alaska Highway becomes
         | noticeably better after entering the US from Canada.
        
       | scoofy wrote:
       | >rough roads inflict costs in the form of reduced vehicle speeds.
       | 
       | I mean, this seems like a benefit in disguise in many urban
       | areas. The idea that we _want_ high speeds is a real premise that
       | needs to be defended.
        
       | alexischr wrote:
       | There is great variation between states. A good example is
       | driving from Phoenix to San Diego via Yuma - the Arizona side is
       | much better maintained, and the rougher California roads continue
       | all the way to the city.
       | 
       | (At least as of roughly four years ago)
        
       | dmd wrote:
       | Massachusetts in nearly last place, right where I expected it to
       | be but always assumed that was just "everyone thinks their own is
       | the worst".
        
       | nickjj wrote:
       | It's interesting New Hampshire leads the way for interstate
       | highways and it is a 0% income tax state.
       | 
       | I live in NY but I went to New Hampshire last month for the first
       | time. I have to say the roads were really good, even in more
       | remote areas in the White Mountain region. Heck even the dirt
       | road I had to go on for 1.5 miles was in good shape for a Hyundai
       | Elantra rental car.
       | 
       | On the flip side, the roads near me are really bad in some spots.
       | It's torn up pavement with massive pot holes for years in a
       | decently trafficked area literally 1 minute away from a major
       | highway.
        
         | kaliqt wrote:
         | It's simple: politics over people.
         | 
         | NY's orgs (government or otherwise) steal all the tax money
         | while pretending to be for the people, NH conversely does not.
        
         | justin66 wrote:
         | > It's interesting New Hampshire leads the way for interstate
         | highways and it is a 0% state tax area.
         | 
         | You're talking about the state income tax? It'd be unusual for
         | any state to use much of that money for roads. There are a lot
         | of other tax revenue sources dedicated specifically to that
         | purpose.
        
           | nickjj wrote:
           | > You're talking about the state income tax?
           | 
           | Yep thanks, I updated my post to reflect that.
           | 
           | You oftentimes hear road quality being thrown around in
           | relation to what you pay in income tax or taxes in general.
           | That is all hearsay though.
        
       | Agingcoder wrote:
       | Interesting. I traveled 15 years ago around california, over 4000
       | miles in three weeks. I remember being shocked at the state of
       | the roads - some of them were downright dangerous, the car
       | wouldn't stay on the road, and I felt I was more or less
       | constantly vibrating. Based on the article I must have driven on
       | non interstate roads which are in california in particular really
       | bad .
        
       | rightbyte wrote:
       | "Overall, the quality of US interstates is very high, while the
       | quality of roads in major cities is quite poor."
       | 
       | Is this really true? Coming from a country with alot of ice,
       | American cities I've worked in seemed to have prestine roads.
        
       | Terretta wrote:
       | The article, and as of this comment, this thread, don't seem to
       | contain particularly deep (ahem) comparisons of road
       | construction, such as this article from Nature about bridge layer
       | differences between US, Germany, England, and France:
       | 
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-12987-8
       | 
       | For roadbeds, here's Canada versus various EU countries,
       | unfortunately US isn't included:
       | 
       | https://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07027/llcp_07_03.c...
       | 
       | This piece starts with 4 different paving approaches, relatively
       | distinct, yet each having ~40 year lifespans (US old and new,
       | France, Germany):
       | 
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209575642...
       | 
       | The discussion goes into what might we mean by "how good"?
       | 
       | PS. US road builders better hope the measure is never total
       | quality divided by time-to-construct. They'd have some real
       | ground to cover (ahem):
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aw3K_obepyo&t=1s
        
       | burnt-resistor wrote:
       | Shitty in Silicon Valley and most of Texas, places that don't
       | even receive snow.
        
       | donaldihunter wrote:
       | Not surprised to see California and Californian cities near the
       | bottom of all the lists.
        
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